BIS-CD-9f5 STEREO lp p pl Total playingtime: 76'01 SIBELIUS, Johan (Jean)Julius Christian(r865-1e57) Karelia (1893)r,yr,r @ 50'00 KuvaelmamusiikkiaViipurilaisen Osakunnan Juhla Arpajaisiin Kansanvalistuksenhyviiksi Viipurin liiilnissii ScenicMusic for a Festivaland Lottery in Aid of Educationin the Provinceof Viipuri * Itemsnurkecl completedand reconstructedb.t, Kalet'i Aho (1997) E Overture [Altegro ntotlerato] - Pii lento - [Jn poco ntotlerato - 8'12 Moderato assai - Vit,ace E Tableau I Karjalainenkoti. Sanomasodasta (Vuosi 1293)/ 3'43 A Karelian home.News ol War ( 1293) 'Oi IAlla vito] - Piirlentct: Ukko ylijumala...' Heikki Laitinen. vocalpart I; Taito Hoffren. vocalparr II E Tableau 2 Viipurin linnan perustaminen(Vuosi 1293)/ 3'38 The tbunding of Viipuri Castle(1293) * Moder(ttoossai -Vivace Tableau 3 Liettuanherttua Narimont veronkannossaKiikisalmen liiiinissii 5'13 (Vuosi 1333)/ Narimont,the Duke of Lithuania,levvins taxes in the provinceof Kiikisalmi ( I 333) lll x Alle.qro urur,o l'26 tr Intemezzo [Il. Morierato 3'1j E Tableau ,l Kaarle KnuutinpoikaMipurin linnassa.Balladi (Vuosi lz146)/ 9'09 Karl Knutssonin Mipuri Castle.Ballade (1446) 'Hiill Tenpo di ntenuettonon troppo lento.Dansen i rosenlund: om en afion...' Raimo Laukka, (soto hoilr Pertti Kuusrl Tableau 5 PontusDe la GardieKlikisalmen edustalla 1580 / 7,2q PontusDe la Gardieat rhe saresof Kiikisalmi in 1580 tr * Motlerato,mu n,,n lettto 3'14 tr Intermezzo[II]. Marsch nacheinem altenMotiv ('Tableau5rl:') 4'08 Alla marcia

SIBELIUS!S TAR'LIA MUSIC the Russian standpoint'Old ') was adminisrratively - (jn Fahidn Dahlsil united with the rest ofFinland ( Neu Finland') in 1811.The Karelia. in the broadest senseot' the tenn the area inhabited country now became an aulonomous grand duchy ol the - by Karelian tribes can be divided into Easten Karelia (be- Russian empire, alrhough its ia!\-making powers and cultural tween Lake Ladoga and Ihe White Sea. tenitory which never lite remained anchored in the west European tradition. Vii' belonged fo Finland). and Westem Karelia around the towns puri stood out as the country's most mufti cultural city. The of Viipuri (in Swedish Viborg). Kekisalmi (in Swedish Kex- majority of rhe population was Finnish. bur three linguistic holm) and Sortavala (in Swedish Sordavala). shich for a minorities werc of great impondrce: Swedish-. Geman- and long time formed Finland's historical landscapeof Karelia. Russian-speakers.After Finland's declararion of indepen- During the lasr lhousand years Westem Karelia has been the dence in 1917, the city was the second largest in the country. scene of numerous conflicts belween east and west, between Under the tems of the peace rrearies of Moscow (1940) and (he influences of Rome and Byzantium Paris (19,17),most of Finnish Kdelia - including rhe cjriesof (he At Ihe beginning of millennium, Swedish power Viipuri. Kaikisalmi and Sonavala was given ro the then So- spread eastwards. Finland s medieval castles rellect lhese viel Union. In the yeds l9:11-:f.1the area was also occupied events: the Swedes firsr of all founded Turku (Abo) castle in by Finnish troops. south-west Finland, then Hiimeenlinna (Tavastehus)some Ancienr Finnish runic rook refuge in rhe deep drstance north-easr ol Turku. The castle ol Viipuri in Karelia forests of Westem and Easlem Karelia, and also in Inkerin- was founded in 1293. and the rown itseli was established maa, when a newer type of fblk-music impinged upon its soon afterwards.The border between Ihe Swedish easten original tenitory in soulh-westFinland. Ancient music was tedfory Finland and the ),lovgorod empire was to some still well-preseNed rhere when a dofior named Elias Ldnnrot extent stabilized by rhe Peace of P:ihkinalinna (Nittebory) in undefrook his pioneering expeditions to gather the materials 1323, at which time the frontier lay east of Viipuri. But there from which he assembled the Finnish national epic, the Kale was constanf unrest. and ravaging expeditions took place in !a/d, the first edtrion of which was published in 1835. The both directions. The siege of Viipuri in 1495 became es- landscape was sunounded by an aura of mysticism. Through- pecially famous: the attacking Russian army is said to have out Finland, Karelian folk culture was held in high esteem; put 'Viipuri 'Karelianism' been to flight by the so called explosion - atr was dominanr in afristic circles in the late 19th eplsode sunounded by considerable mystique in the history cenIuly. books. At the end of rhe lgth century, Finlmd began ro be sub- Viipuri was successfully defended in subsequent sieges, Jected to an increasingiy severe process of Russification - a fo. example in 1555 and 1-556.At rhis rime the area nonh- processkick-srarted by rhe so,called'posr manifesto,in west of Lake Ladoga, with Kiikisalmi as its principal town, 1890, which decreed lhar intemational mail sent ftom Finland stiil belonged peace to rhe easlern sphere, but by the of should bear Russian posrage stamps. A budding spirir of (1617) Stolbova the border was redrawn so far to the soulh rcsistance could be perceived after some decades of political easr that ir became vinually idenfjcal wilh Finland's border calm, and various palriotic soirdes and tableaux became po- between the two world sars. During the seventeenthcentury, pular - m elegant way of avoiding the censorship rules then Swedish power reached its peal. Even Inkerinmaa (in Swedish in tbrce. lngemanland), the areas around and to the south-west of the In the spring of 1893, rhe Viipuri Studenr Corporarion at Neva estuary, were conquered and colonised, principally by the lmperial Alexander Universiry in arranged a immigrants from rhe Finnish provinces of Savo and Kdelia. lottery soirde in aid ofpopular education in the province of Vii- After that, peter rhe ride rumed. In rhe early lSth century Tsar puri. By establishing a college of educarion and fostering the Great conquered Inkednmaa and Karelia; Viipuri was Finnish culture among rhe population, the students aimed to besieged and captured in 1?10. The cit\ rhus became Russia's contribute to the crealion of a counterweight to the process of westem outpost. After Russia conquered the rest of Finland Russification in this border zone, which was closer to St. in 1808-09, the dea immediately surounding Viipuri (from Petersburg than to Helsjnki. presence on stage of a runic The soirde - the highlight of the season in Helsinki acquired a special lustre by the Paraske - the foremost up- society life - was held on l3th November 1893 at the Seura- singer from lngemanland. Larin in her genera- huone (Societetshuset),now the Town Hall The hall was holder of the runic singing and dirge traditions - famhouse; she had packed, and many u'ere tumed away at lhe door' The public tion playing the pa( of the mistress of a (Borga), then lived. The felt rhat it had a patriotic obligation to suppon cultural en- rravelled in from Ponoo where she demanded several deavours neat the eastern border. The number of lotrery tableau was so effecti\e rhat the audience 's prizes collected with the aid of the cil\ most distinguished repeals. ladies testilled to the patriotic fervour. Among the prizes rhe foundation of Viipuri castle in 1293' were whole suites of furniture, Painlings by leading artists 2bl,1/k ,' depicls on stage were lhe Swedish such as Alben Edelfelt, and much morc' Among lhe figures represented leader of the so-called The programme was introduced by a piece of orchestral Imperial Marshal TorBils Knutsson' lhe Bishop of VasterAs Kare- music and a piologue, in Swedish, by Gabriel Lagus. a peda- Third Eastward Crusade. and of stone in place' the founda- gogue from Viipuri who subsequently became knosn as lhe lian peasants lay a ldge block Monks say a prayer' and altar-boys foremost expeft on the history of his home town The evening rion-stone of the castle. was centred upon a series of tableaux illustrating events from s\\ing censers. Karelian history. Three well-known afiists were responsible (1333J - of which consists of the for the stage decor: the architect and author Jac Ahrenber-s Tubteau 3 the main section so well-known - depicts the (who grcw up in Viipuri md was an eminent expert on Kare- Internezzo whichwas to become taxes in a wintry land- tian maners), the sculptor Emil wikstrtim (later famous for Lirhuanian Duke Narimont collecting (the dea netr the norti-wesF instance, for his statuesof Ldnnrot and Snellman in Helsinkr ) scape in the Kiikisalmi district Ladoga). The tax tributes brought lorward and Akseli Gallen-Kallela (without question the fbremost re em pan of Lake broughl beforc the Duke as hc presentativeof'Keelianistic' pictorial a(). The choice ofcom include animal skins which are to the east of the bordet poser naturally fell on Sibelius, who had recently achiered sits on a horse. Here we are such success \|ith Kullerro (1892) He started work on the us to a room in Viipuri castle at ils tableau music in Ruovesi in the summer of 1893' complellng Tdbteau I 0446) takes Bonde, later several times King of the score in Helsinki. The music consists of an ovenure and a he)day. Karl Knutsson magnificent coun as ruler of the series of pieces played as vignettes during. and in some cases Sweden, maintained a Pro- In the Gbleau he and his retaine$ arc enter- between, the historical lableaux vince of Viipuri. rained by a singer. Sibelius found the text for the ballade (which later became so well-known) in an edition of Sibelius s biographer Erik Tawaststjema wrote of lhe Orer melody Erik Furuhjelm 'suggested to mosi of Sibelius s JJeilsid fornsdnger (Ancient Stedish Songs) ael? ihat its principal theme 'Gemanic whilst the second called the ballade a counterpafr' to the first tableau' compatriols a picture of Viipuri castle', 'the 'ihe critic wrote: girls sit and dream; even theme depicted heavy fate of the Karelian people : ihe A conremporary laughter of the court jester have ceased; only a third theme includes the fanfares that appear again in lhe rhe banter and the woild at large and Sweden reaches this rhird rableau. disrant echo of remole spot.' Tdbtedu 1 \1293) depicts a Karelian home in which tso ( 1580) illustrates how Pontus De la Gardie had his singers perform a runic melody Hete Sibelius alludes ro Tdrl€de -t towards the town of Kakisalmi *hich he Karellan folk_music not only by means of the melodic shape cannons directed Large pans of the town were destroyed b]" lire and time signature of runic singing (5/4) but also by means of conquered. De la Gardie was originally a French soldier *ho' the pi::icdto accompaniment, which calls to mind the sound Pon[s entering service with the Danes. was capturedby the of the folk inslrument kdntele At the end of the lableau a afrer in 1580 became Swedish high commander D lhe messenger- accompaniedby hom calls againsl a tremolo Swedes and war against Russia. Under his command the Swedes conquer background - announces the outbreak oi war' The tableau parts ed of Karelia and then moved on to Estonia. The march quesl of KAkisalmi was onirred. At the concen ail the vocal which follows ,pontus has at time been called De la Gardie's pafts were sung b) the bass barjtone Abraham Ojanperii. The March', and is among the best-known sections oi the r

Karelia Tableau I I Oi Ukko Ylijumala. I O Ukko. chief of the gods. II Tati taanolaivahinen. II Father rn heaven. I Tee nyt mulle suoratsukset. I Noq' make lbr me straight skis. II kapeaisetkalhuninlet, II Naffou,skis that do not slip. I joilla hiihreahivitain I Wilh which I can ski well II poikki soienpoiliki maien 1t Across marshes. across the countr!side, I hilhainkohli Hireil maita I Ski towards the land of Hiisi. II poropeuranpolkcmille In the foo{steps oflhe reirldeer. I Liihe nlr iliehislli metselle CJlhrr round.laJ:. lel : d$J\ lo lhc lrunt II Urohistaulkoliiille Let's commencethe outdoorpuIuil. I Tapiolantietii mldten Along the roads of . I] Tapion lalojen kautta And by way of Tapio'shomesleads. TeNe vuotet !et\ e vaarai I Creetings,mountains: greetings. slopes. Tene kuusikot konleal II Greetings, grand spruce copses. Terve haavikot haleat I Greetings, grey aspen woods. Terve teNehytrAJanne II Greetings, those who greel mel Miest)' metsakostu korpr I May the foresr bc appeased Taivu ainoinen Tapio T And ma! Tapio be pacitied. Saata miestii saarekselle I Guide the hero to the island. II Sillekunrmullekuleta II Lead him to thar hillock. l+II Jos't on saalissaatu. I+Il Where the hunting is successful. Tc-\t Kaletala, RLuto11, lines l-lff

Tableau 4. Dansen i rosenlund Haill om en afton dl rin faller pA. Late of an evenjng as thc frost is talling, I biden mig vlill You wait for me drenl Ut rider den svenrlen sin gengare grll. Out rides the page on his grey steecl, I biden nig vlill You wait for me thenl Sadela! silver och betsletav gull. With saddleof silver and goldenbit. I biden nig vdll You wait for ne Ihenl Sjiilv rider den svennensi dlgdefull. The page.he rides so vifruousl). I biden mi8 viill You wait for me thenl Si rider han i rosendeiund. He ridesinlo lhe flowering8rove. I biden mig vall You wait tbr me thenl Dair fann han en dans med lhn och jungfrun where he comes upon dancing women and maids. I biden mig vall You wait for me thenl Han band sin hiist med liljekvist. He tethers his horse u iIh a sprig of lily I biden mi8 vall You $ait tbr me then! Han biir en stor gliidje. de1iif honon visst. He is full ofjo). he certainlyis, I biden mig vlill You *ait tbr me thenl

38 ''Vi '\\'e finnoms vlil iiter onl midsommarstid. shall meet agailr al midsummer. I biden nig vill You wait fbr mc thenl Niir dagen gcirs liing och naften gcjrs blid. Wher the davs are long ard the nights are mild. I biden nig \iill You wait 1b. ne lhenl Vi finnons viil rlter om nidsomma$dag, We shall ileet agailr on midsummer da)'. I biden nig viill You sail lor ne rhenl Niir liirkansjunger och grikengal. When the lark singsand the cuckoo calLs.' I biden mig \'aill You wait fbr me then!

Tcrt: lnn Stusku F ludr Arwitl;son.Snrkltolnt l8J7

Kuolema SceneII. Paavali's Song Pikkarlen puhurin poika Jack Frost.son ot'Ihe icl north wind. Trlven poika hy!elmijinen lc) son of uinter. .jiiiidaitnlaita jiiedit soita, \blr iieeze lhe land. )ou lrccze the marshes. Jiddrirk!lmia kiviai. You tieeze Ihe colLi stones. erpiijeridii ihmisnrieltii But ) ou crnnot freezcrhe human spirit. e!p:i ihilisen s)dintlll \or the human hear!l EI ktlnd mehmonmielta You can chill neitherpeople's spirirs Jriiidriet ihmisen sydntd \or their hearts. sJ'onmessaion hengen liimpo. Thc \\'armrh of one s spirit resides in the hean. 'I tuli unrlassaripeii. lrcnr( In un<. hrec.ri. quicl,. po!essapalavd polllo Thc bosom housesa burning heal. \ alkean!apauden kuunel The fever of pure fieedoml N,linkii k) lmiit. virvoitlavi Whale!er lou fieezc trill be revived s)'kkivdn s)dAmilen laimpo, B) rhe \\'armrh of the bealing heart. minkii jaiidet. sulatravi whatever you tleeze $ill be thaqed out lauluni lakeanvoina. By Ihe steadfastposer ofnJ song. poveii pirla!a poltto. \4y bosom houses a burning heal- !alkean valauden kuumel The fever of pure freedoml

SceneIV. Elsa's Song Eilaa.ellaa. .. Eilaa.eilaa... JEANSIBELIUS