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National Plant Pest Reference Collections NATIONAL PLANT PEST REFERENCE COLLECTIONS STRATEGY 2018 Ensuring biological collections support trade and biosecurity Acknowledgements Subcommittee on Plant Health Diagnostics Plant Health Australia and the Subcommittee on Plant Health The Subcommittee on Plant Health Diagnostics (SPHD) aims Diagnostics (SPHD) would like to acknowledge the contribution of to sustain and improve the quality and reliability of plant pest the Reference Collections Working Group in the development of diagnostics in Australia. SPHD achieves this by: the National Plant Pest Reference Collection Strategy, especially Mike Hodda (CSIRO), Jacky Edwards and Mallik Malipatil • coordinating the development of National Diagnostic (Agriculture Victoria), Peter Gillespie (NSW DPI), Dean Beasley Protocols for priority plant pests and Roger Shivas (QLD DAF) and Ian Naumann (DAWR). • developing and implementing the National Plant Biosecurity Diagnostic Strategy within the framework of the National Copyright Plant Biosecurity Strategy and the Intergovernmental Agreement on Biosecurity © Plant Health Australia Limited 2018 Copyright in this publication is owned by Plant Health Australia • coordinating the National Plant Biosecurity Diagnostic Limited (PHA), except when content has been provided by Network other contributors, in which case copyright may be owned by • assisting the development of diagnostic tools and material another person. With the exception of any material protected by a trade mark, this publication is licensed under a Creative • facilitating and coordinating the delivery of training to Commons Attribution-No Derivs 3.0 Australia licence. Any use diagnosticians of this publication, other than as authorised under this licence or • facilitating the progression of laboratory accreditation and copyright law, is prohibited. proficiency testing. SPHD is a subcommittee of Plant Health Committee and includes representation from the Australian, state and territory governments, PHA, Plant Biosecurity CRC, CSIRO and the New creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ Zealand Ministry of Primary Industries. – This details the relevant licence conditions, including the full Using the Commonwealth Coat of Arms legal code. This licence allows for redistribution, commercial and The terms of use for the Coat of Arms are available from the It’s non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in an Honour website. whole, with credit to SPHD (as below). IMPORTANT NOTICE – PLEASE READ Attribution While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the PHA does In referencing this document, the preferred citation is: not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the Subcommittee on Plant Health Diagnostics (2018) National contents, and expressly disclaims liability for any loss or damage Plant Pest Reference Collections Strategy. Plant Health Australia, whether due to negligence or otherwise however caused that Canberra, ACT. may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. ISBN 978-0-9944022-9-5 Material in this publication is made available on the Third party copyright understanding that the PHA is not providing professional advice and should not be taken to indicate the PHA’s commitment to a Wherever a third party holds copyright in material presented particular course of action. Different solutions and outcomes may in this report, the copyright remains with that party. Their apply in individual circumstances. Before relying on any material permission may be required to use the material. contained in this publication, readers should obtain appropriate PHA has made all reasonable efforts to: professional advice suitable to their particular circumstances. • clearly label material where the copyright is owned by a third party and identify the owner of such material; and Cover image: Specimen draws (Lepidoptera) in the Australian National Insect • ensure that the copyright owner has consented to this Collection (ANIC) material being presented in this report. Back cover image: Pinned ant specimens (CSIRO) The development of this strategy was funded by the Department of Agriculture and Water Resources (DAWR) under the Plant Biosecurity Response and Reform programme. 2 Contents Introduction ................................... 5 The strategy ............................................5 The current state of collections..........................5 What’s in collections ....................................6 The environment for collections .........................7 Demands for plant health diagnostics and collections ....8 What’s needed from a collections system................9 What is needed for the strategy to deliver? ............10 Behind the vision .....................................12 Case studies: Reference collections, biosecurity and trade .............................................16 Alignment with relevant national plant biosecurity strategies ....................................18 Summary of recommendations.................19 Coverage .............................................19 Scope and Roles ......................................20 Standards ............................................21 Accessibility...........................................22 Integration in plant health system .....................23 Coordination with other collections ....................24 Recommendations in detail ....................25 Coverage .............................................25 Scope and role ........................................26 Standards ............................................27 Accessibility ..........................................29 Integration in plant health system ....................31 Coordination with other collections ...................33 References ...................................34 3 Examining specimens of fungi at the Australian National Herbarium (ANBG) collection in Canberra. Many biodiversity collections like ANBG hold material essential 4 for plant health diagnostics. Image courtesy of Sue Pederick. Introduction The strategy The current state of collections Biological collections are an essential part of the plant health The current state of collections and whether they include system, facilitating plant product exports, underpinning Australia’s National Priority Plant Pests (NPPPs) has recently emergency incursion responses, and ensuring exotic pests on been surveyed extensively (Hodda et al. 2017b). The survey imports do not damage local producers or the environment. found that there were no verified specimens of many of the This National Plant Pest Reference Collections Strategy NPPPs, which will become a major issue should there be (NPPRCS) strategy will ensure that biological collections can suspected or actual incursions of any of these pests. continue to support Australia’s trade and biosecurity. Recommendation 1 explicitly addresses this identified gap. The strategy recommends a diverse, dispersed system of Specimens of some NPPPs are held in at least one collection, reference collections with a similar diverse, dispersed system although not necessarily the right one. Identifying and of information management and transfer. This type of locating different collections would also add value to existing organisation has advantages over other ways of monitoring collection assets. Overall, coordination of the plant health, and organising complex networks. Systems like this are trade and biosecurity functions of collections could be better, efficient, using minimum resources to deliver optimum and this point is addressed in Recommendation 2 of this results. They are speedy, able to maximise the rate of strategy. throughput. And they are responsive, able to change rapidly Prevention of specimen deterioration and obtaining the right as conditions and demands change. All of these level of support were also identified as issues. Clear characteristics are especially important as trade and standards are needed for collections to address these issues, biosecurity become huge activities in a globalising world, that as outlined in Recommendation 3. is rapidly changing and evolving, but often with limited resources. Improving the exchange of information between collections, and enhancing communication between collections and other Many organisations, including postal services, medical parts of the plant health diagnostic system were other issues testing, diagnosis and treatment, and product retailers like identified. These are addressed in Recommendations 4, 5 Amazon™ or Walmart™ are now adopting this form of and 6 of the strategy. organisation and information architecture. It is already being used in national defence, but is a new way of organising The survey of collection holders highlighted that many of the biosecurity and defence against plant pests, offering great issues identified are long-standing, recognised in earlier benefits for the efficient management and resilience of surveys going back 20 years or more, with little improvement collections and plant health diagnostics more generally. evident (Howie 2006, 2012, Miller & Moran 1996, Moran & Muirhead 2002, Rodoni & Geering 2006). This strategy Diverse, dispersed collections and information management recommends that collections be valued, so that the losses systems allow many different types of material and and deterioration that occur if these issues are not addressed information to be brought together to solve a problem. They are
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