DOCSLIB.ORG

Diversity and Evolution of Vitaceae in the Philippines

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Philippine Journal of Science 142: 223-244, Special Issue ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: ?? ???????? 2013 Diversity and Evolution of Vitaceae in the Philippines Jun Wen1, Limin Lu2, and John K. Boggan1 1 Department of Botany, MRC-166, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, U.S.A. 2 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Vitaceae is economically well-known for grapes and ecologically important as major lianas in tropical and temperate forests. This study analyzes the assembly of taxa of Vitaceae in the Philippines in the phylogenetic framework using five chloroplast DNA markers and enumerates the taxonomy of Vitaceae in the Philippines. The results suggest active floristic exchanges between the Philippines and other parts of Asia and Australia in the Miocene and Pliocene with some elements in the Oligocene. The taxonomic study recognizes seven genera and 55 species. Two new species are validly published and four new combinations are made: Ampelocissus sinuosa (Merr.) J. Wen & Boggan, comb. nov.; Causonis corniculata (Benth.) J. Wen & L.M. Lu, comb. nov.; Causonis pterita (Merr.) J. Wen & L.M. Lu, comb. nov.; Tetrastigma simplicifolia (Merr.) J. Wen & Boggan, comb. nov.; Tetrastigma silvestrei Elmer ex J. Wen & Boggan, sp. nov., and Cayratia coi J. Wen & Boggan, sp. nov. The last species is named in honor of Leonardo Co. Key Words: Vitaceae, Philippines, phylogeny, taxonomy, Ampelocissus, Ampelopsis, Causonis, Cayratia, Cissus, Cyphostemma, Parthenocissus, Pterisanthes, Rafflesia, Nothocissus, Tetrastigma, Vitis INTRODUCTION have suggested the need to redefine several genera. Cayratia Juss., Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston and Tetrastigma were Vitaceae (the grape family) consists of about 14 genera and supported to form a clade by all these analyses and the 900 species primarily distributed in tropical regions (Wen monophyly of Cyphostemma and Tetrastigma was each 2007a). The family is well-known for grapes (species of Vitis strongly supported. Cayratia was, however, found to be L.) and is ecologically important because many species are paraphyletic with Tetrastigma and Cyphostemma nested major climbers in tropical and temperate forests. The genus within it (Lu et al. 2013), rendering the need for redefining Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. of Vitaceae is also famous in the generic limits of Cayratia. The phylogenetic analyses southeast Asia for being the host plants of the holoparasitic also supported a clade of the grape genus Vitis and its close Rafflesiaceae, which includes Rafflesia R. Br. ex Gray, the relatives Ampelocissus Planch., Pterisanthes Blume and genus producing the largest flower of the world (Wen 2007a). Nothocissus (Miq.) Latiff from the tropics (hereafter referred Vitaceae has been subjected to recent phylogenetic studies to as the Vitis-Ampelocissus clade, see Ren et al. 2011). (e.g., Soejima & Wen 2006, Rossetto et al. 2007, Wen et al. Pterisanthes was found to be nested within Ampelocissus 2007, Ren et al. 2011, Nie et al. 2012, Trias-Blasi et al. 2012, (Ren et al. 2011). A clade of Ampelopsis and its close Lu et al. 2013, Wen et al. 2013). The phylogenetic analyses relatives (the African Rhoicissus Planch., the Australian Clematicissus Planch. and a small clade of about five species Corresponding Author: [email protected] of Cissus L. from South America) has been resolved as 223 Philippine Journal of Science Wen et al.: Vitaceae in the Philippines… Vol. 142: Special Issue the first diverged lineage within Vitaceae, but the genus the Philippines and Asia overall, with a global sampling Ampelopsis is paraphyletic (Nie et al. 2012). scheme (Appendix 1). Sequences of five plastid markers including atpB-rbcL, rps16, trnC-petN, trnH-psbA, and The Malesian region is an important center of diversity of trnL-F were mostly obtained from GenBank based on Vitaceae with nine of the 14 recognized genera and 165 studies from the senior author’s lab (e.g., Soejima & Wen of the 900 species in the family: Ampelocissus (35 spp.), 2006, Nie et al. 2010, 2012, Chen et al. 2011a, b, Ren et Ampelopsis (2 spp.), Cayratia (20 spp.), Cissus (31 spp.), al. 2011, Lu et al. 2012, 2013, Liu et al. 2013), with 52 Nothocissus (6 spp.), Parthenocissus (1 sp.), Pterisanthes new sequences (including nine atpB-rbcL, nine rps16, (20 spp.), Tetrastigma (50 spp.), and Vitis (1 sp. native 15 trnC-petN, 11 trnH-psbA, and eight trnL-F) generated and 1 sp. cultivated). for the current study following the protocols in Ren et al. Vitaceae of the Philippines was treated initially by Blanco (2011) and Lu et al. (2013). The program Sequencher 5.0 (1837, 1845, 1877), who recognized seven species of (Gene Codes Co., Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA) was used to Cissus, belonging to four currently recognized genera evaluate chromatograms for base confirmation and to edit of Vitaceae (Causonis Raf., Cayratia, Cissus and contiguous sequences. Sequences were initially aligned Tetrastigma), and one genus Melicope Forster & Forster f. using MUSCLE 3.8.31 (Edgar 2004), and the alignment of Rutaceae (Hartley 2001; also see Merrill 1905, 1918b). was then adjusted manually in Geneious 6.1.4 (created by Merrill treated Vitaceae in a series of publications (Merrill Biomatters, available from http://www.geneious.com/). 1907, 1912a, b, 1916, 1918a, 1920, 1923). Elmer (1915, 1939) described a few species of the family. Quisumbing Phylogenetic Analyses & Merrill (1924) and Quisumbing (1944) further Phylogenetic analyses were initially conducted for documented Philippine Vitaceae, described new taxa, and individual DNA regions with maximum likelihood made nomenclatural changes in the family. Nevertheless, (ML) method using RAxML 7.2.6 with 1,000 bootstrap the family has not been revised taxonomically and replicates (Stamatakis 2006). Preliminary analyses for systematically for the Philippines in many decades since. each region indicated no significant topological conflicts The objectives in this study are to: (1) discuss the (BS > 70%; Hillis & Bull 1993) among individual evolutionary assembly of Vitaceae in the Philippines based markers. Furthermore, because the chloroplast genome on a broad phylogenetic framework of the grape family; is generally considered as one unit without recombination and (2) enumerate the taxonomic diversity of Vitaceae in in angiosperms (Whitfeld & Bottomley 1983), sequences the Philippines. of the five plastid markers were thus combined and were analysed with maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian In memory of Leonardo Co, the senior author Jun Wen felt inference (BI). that it would be most meaningful to provide an updated treatment of Vitaceae in the Philippines and discuss its Maximum parsimony analyses were conducted using evolutionary assembly, in light of recent phylogenetic PAUP*4.0b10 (Swofford 2003) with a heuristic search evidence. Wen first met Leonardo Co in 1991 at the Harvard strategy followed by 100 random-addition-sequence University Herbaria where Wen was a postdoctoral fellow replicates with tree bisection and reconnection (TBR) and Co was visiting. Wen communicated with Leonardo branch swapping. Bootstrap values (BS) were estimated Co on Vitaceae, Leeaceae and Araliaceae treatments for with 1,000 bootstrap replicates (Felsenstein 1985) the Philippines in several different occasions. After the 6th using heuristic searched as described above, but with International Flora Malesiana Symposium in Los Baños branch swapping limited to 10,000,000 rearrangements in 2004, Wen joined the post-symposium excursion led by per replicate due to memory constraints. A partitioned Leonardo to various areas in Luzon. During the trip, Wen Bayesian analysis was conducted using MrBayes 3.2.1 and Co also discussed the taxonomy and identification of (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003, 2012). The data set a number of Vitaceae specimens encountered during the was partitioned into five subsets corresponding to five trip and examined many images of Vitaceae specimens plastid regions with unlinked substitution models. Two they both had. independent runs were simultaneously performed with each run consisting of one cold chain and three heated chains. Each run was conducted with 15,000,000 generations and sampled one tree every 1,500 generations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analyses were run until the average standard deviation of the split frequencies approached 0.01, indicating that two runs converged onto a stationary distribution. A 50% Taxon Sampling majority-rule consensus tree and the posterior probabilities The study sampled 163 accessions of Vitaceae and its (PP) were calculated after discarding the first 25% trees sister family Leeaceae (Ridsdale 1974), emphasizing as burn-in. The generalized time reversible model (GTR) 224 Philippine Journal of Science Wen et al.: Vitaceae in the Philippines… Vol. 142: Special Issue with a gamma-distributed rate variation was selected as the research. In this study, we excluded Leea from Vitaceae, best-fit models for each partition as well as the combined following Ridsdale (1974) and Wen (2007b). data set as determined by MrModeltest 2.3 (Nylander 2004) under the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Divergence Time Estimation RESULTS We estimated the divergence time of clades using The parsimony analysis generated more than 100,000 most the combined 5-marker data set with BEAST 1.7.4 parsimonious trees (MPTs) with a length of 4,025 steps, a (Drummond & Rambaut 2007). The strict molecular consistency index (CI) of 0.65,
Recommended publications
  • Sapria Himalayana the Indian Cousin of World’S Largest Flower

    Sapria Himalayana the Indian Cousin of World’S Largest Flower

    GENERAL ARTICLE Sapria Himalayana The Indian Cousin of World’s Largest Flower Dipankar Borah and Dipanjan Ghosh Sighting Sapria in the wild is a lifetime experience for a botanist. Because this rare, parasitic flowering plant is one of the lesser known and poorly understood taxa, which is on the brink of extinction. In India, Sapria is only found in the forests of Namdapha National Park in Arunachal Pradesh. In this article, an attempt has been made to document the diversity, distribution, ecology, and conservation need of this valuable plant. Dipankar Borah has just completed his MSc in Botany from Rajiv Gandhi Introduction University, Arunachal Pradesh, and is now pursuing research in the same It was the month of January 2017 when we decided for a field department. He specializes in trip to Namdapha National Park along with some of our plant Plant Taxonomy, though now lover mates of Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, he focuses on Conservation Arunachal Pradesh. After reaching the National Park, which is Biology, as he feels that taxonomy is nothing without somewhat 113 km away from the nearest town Miao, in Arunachal conservation. Pradesh, the forest officials advised us to trek through the nearest possible spot called Bulbulia, a sulphur spring. After walking for 4 km, we observed some red balls on the ground half covered by litter. Immediately we cleared the litter which unravelled a ball like pinkish-red flower bud. Near to it was a flower in full bloom and two flower buds. Following this, we looked in the 5 m ra- dius area, anticipating a possibility to encounter more but nothing Dipanjan Ghosh teaches Botany at Joteram Vidyapith, was spotted.
  • A Combined Morphological and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) and Taxonomic Implications

    A Combined Morphological and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) and Taxonomic Implications

    Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 168, 43–63. With 9 figures A combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) and taxonomic implications LIMIN LU1,2, JUN WEN1,3* and ZHIDUAN CHEN1* 1State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 2Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA Received 21 June 2010; revised 11 March 2011; accepted for publication 18 August 2011 Parthenocissus (the Virginia creeper genus, Vitaceae) consists of 13 species and shows a disjunct distribution between Asia and North America. We investigated the inflorescence structure, calyx morphology, appendages on the inner side of petals, leaf epidermis, pollen and seed characters throughout the genus. A combined phylogenetic analysis with 27 morphological and 4137 molecular characters was conducted and the result was largely congruent with that of the previous molecular work, but with higher resolution. The combined analysis identified two clades corresponding to the Asian and North American taxa. Parthenocissus feddei was resolved as closely related to the clade containing P. cuspidifera, P. heterophylla and P. semicordata. The four species share synapomorphies of having conspicuously raised veinlets, an obscurely five- (to eight-) lobed calyx, appendages on the inner side of petals covering the entire length of anthers and foveolate pollen exine ornamentation. Within the Old World clade, the pentafoliolate species were weakly supported as more closely related to species with both simple and trifoliolate leaves. Furthermore, the ancestral states of tendril apices, inflorescence structure, appendages on the inner side of petals and exine ornamentation of pollen grains were reconstructed on the molecular strict consensus tree.
  • December 2012 Number 1

    December 2012 Number 1

    Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 December 2012 Number 1 CONTENTS Proceedings of the Fifth South- western Rare and Endangered Plant Conference Calochortiana, a new publication of the Utah Native Plant Society . 3 The Fifth Southwestern Rare and En- dangered Plant Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 2009 . 3 Abstracts of presentations and posters not submitted for the proceedings . 4 Southwestern cienegas: Rare habitats for endangered wetland plants. Robert Sivinski . 17 A new look at ranking plant rarity for conservation purposes, with an em- phasis on the flora of the American Southwest. John R. Spence . 25 The contribution of Cedar Breaks Na- tional Monument to the conservation of vascular plant diversity in Utah. Walter Fertig and Douglas N. Rey- nolds . 35 Studying the seed bank dynamics of rare plants. Susan Meyer . 46 East meets west: Rare desert Alliums in Arizona. John L. Anderson . 56 Calochortus nuttallii (Sego lily), Spatial patterns of endemic plant spe- state flower of Utah. By Kaye cies of the Colorado Plateau. Crystal Thorne. Krause . 63 Continued on page 2 Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Utah Native Plant Society, PO Box 520041, Salt Lake Copyright 2012 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights City, Utah, 84152-0041. www.unps.org Reserved. Calochortiana is a publication of the Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organi- Editor: Walter Fertig ([email protected]), zation dedicated to conserving and promoting steward- Editorial Committee: Walter Fertig, Mindy Wheeler, ship of our native plants. Leila Shultz, and Susan Meyer CONTENTS, continued Biogeography of rare plants of the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada.
  • 1 History of Vitaceae Inferred from Morphology-Based

    1 History of Vitaceae Inferred from Morphology-Based

    HISTORY OF VITACEAE INFERRED FROM MORPHOLOGY-BASED PHYLOGENY AND THE FOSSIL RECORD OF SEEDS By IJU CHEN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Iju Chen 2 To my parents and my sisters, 2-, 3-, 4-ju 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Steven Manchester for providing the important fossil information, sharing the beautiful images of the fossils, and reviewing the dissertation. I thank Dr. Walter Judd for providing valuable discussion. I thank Dr. Hongshan Wang, Dr. Dario de Franceschi, Dr. Mary Dettmann, and Dr. Peta Hayes for access to the paleobotanical specimens in museum collections, Dr. Kent Perkins for arranging the herbarium loans, Dr. Suhua Shi for arranging the field trip in China, and Dr. Betsy R. Jackes for lending extant Australian vitaceous seeds and arranging the field trip in Australia. This research is partially supported by National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grants award number 0608342. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................14
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Vitaceae Based on Plastid Sequence Data

    Phylogenetic Analysis of Vitaceae Based on Plastid Sequence Data

    PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF VITACEAE BASED ON PLASTID SEQUENCE DATA by PAUL NAUDE Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTAE in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: DR. M. VAN DER BANK December 2005 I declare that this dissertation has been composed by myself and the work contained within, unless otherwise stated, is my own Paul Naude (December 2005) TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Abstract iii Index of Figures iv Index of Tables vii Author Abbreviations viii Acknowledgements ix CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Vitaceae 1 1.2 Genera of Vitaceae 6 1.2.1 Vitis 6 1.2.2 Cayratia 7 1.2.3 Cissus 8 1.2.4 Cyphostemma 9 1.2.5 Clematocissus 9 1.2.6 Ampelopsis 10 1.2.7 Ampelocissus 11 1.2.8 Parthenocissus 11 1.2.9 Rhoicissus 12 1.2.10 Tetrastigma 13 1.3 The genus Leea 13 1.4 Previous taxonomic studies on Vitaceae 14 1.5 Main objectives 18 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 21 2.1 DNA extraction and purification 21 2.2 Primer trail 21 2.3 PCR amplification 21 2.4 Cycle sequencing 22 2.5 Sequence alignment 22 2.6 Sequencing analysis 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 32 3.1 Results from primer trail 32 3.2 Statistical results 32 3.3 Plastid region results 34 3.3.1 rpL 16 34 3.3.2 accD-psa1 34 3.3.3 rbcL 34 3.3.4 trnL-F 34 3.3.5 Combined data 34 CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 42 4.1 Molecular evolution 42 4.2 Morphological characters 42 4.3 Previous taxonomic studies 45 4.4 Conclusions 46 CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA 59 ii ABSTRACT Five plastid regions as source for phylogenetic information were used to investigate the relationships among ten genera of Vitaceae.
  • Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-Temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India

    Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-Temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India

    Annual Research & Review in Biology 35(5): 63-81, 2020; Article no.ARRB.57913 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India Preshina Rai1 and Saurav Moktan1* 1Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author PR conducted field study, collected data and prepared initial draft including literature searches. Author SM provided taxonomic expertise with identification and data analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i530226 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Rishee K. Kalaria, Navsari Agricultural University, India. Reviewers: (1) Sameh Cherif, University of Carthage, Tunisia. (2) Ricardo Moreno-González, University of Göttingen, Germany. (3) Nelson Túlio Lage Pena, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57913 Received 06 April 2020 Accepted 11 June 2020 Original Research Article Published 22 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims: This communication deals with the diversity and distribution including host species distribution of vascular epiphytes also reflecting its phenological observations. Study Design: Random field survey was carried out in the study site to identify and record the taxa. Host species was identified and vascular epiphytes were noted. Study Site and Duration: The study was conducted in the sub-temperate forests of Darjeeling Himalaya which is a part of the eastern Himalaya hotspot. The zone extends between 1200 to 1850 m amsl representing the amalgamation of both sub-tropical and temperate vegetation.
  • Mt Gravatt Species List - Location Ver 14.1 Plants Family Order

    Mt Gravatt Species List - Location Ver 14.1 Plants Family Order

    Mt Gravatt Species List - Location ver 14.1 Plants Family Order Weed Family Form Genus Species Common NameFlowering Times Size (approx) Dependent Species Dependent Species Planted Spring Summer Autumn Winter Height Width Amaranthaceae Creeper Weed! Alternanthera nodiflora Common Joyweed Asparagaceae Creeper Weed! Asparagus plumosus Climbing Asparagus Fern Commelinaceae Creeper Weed! Callisia repens Creeping Inch Plant x x Wandering Jew (native), Scurvy Commelinaceae Creeper Commelina diffusa Weed Convolvulaceae Creeper Dichondra repens Kidney weed Devil's Ivy, Pothos, Golden Araceae Creeper Weed! Epipremnum aureum Pothos, Money Plant Fabaceae Creeper Glycine clandestina v clandestina Twining Glycine, Love Creeper Fabaceae Creeper Glycine microphylla Small-leaf Glycine Fabaceae Creeper Glycine tabacina Variable Glycine-pea Fabaceae Creeper Hardenbergia violacea Native Sarsaparilla x Climber Prostrate Common Grass-blue Eastern Spinebill Fabaceae Creeper Kennedia rubicunda Dusky Coral Pea x x Climber Long-tailed Pea-blue Verbenaceae Creeper Weed! Lantana montevidenses Lantana Creeping Fabaceae Creeper Weed! Macroptilium atropurpureum Sirato Fabaceae Creeper Weed! Macrotyloma axillare Perennial Horse Gram Asteraceae Creeper Weed! Sphagneticola trilobata Singapore Daisy Commelinaceae Creeper Weed! Tradescantia albiflora Wandering Jew Commelinaceae Creeper Weed! Tradescantia zebrina Silvery Inch Plant, Zebra Plant Fabaceae Creeper Vigna vexillata var. angustifolia Wild Cow Pea x x Climber Fabaceae Creeper Zornia dyctiocarpa Zornia x 30cm Fabaceae
  • EPBC Protected Matters Database Search Results

    EPBC Protected Matters Database Search Results

    FLORA AND FAUNA TECHNICAL REPORT Gold Coast Quarry EIS ATTACHMENT A – EPBC Protected Matters Database Search Results April 2013 Cardno Chenoweth 71 EPBC Act Protected Matters Report This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other matters protected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected. Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in the caveat at the end of the report. Information about the EPBC Act including significance guidelines, forms and application process details can be found at http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/assessmentsapprovals/index.html Report created: 01/06/12 14:33:07 Summary Details Matters of NES Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Extra Information Caveat Acknowledgements This map may contain data which are ©Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), ©PSMA 2010 Coordinates Buffer: 6.0Km Summary Matters of National Environment Significance This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or may relate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can be accessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have a significant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider the Administrative Guidelines on Significance - see http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/assessmentsapprovals/guidelines/index.html World Heritage Properties: None National Heritage Places: None Wetlands of International 1 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: None Commonwealth Marine Areas: None Threatened Ecological Communities: 1 Threatened Species: 57 Migratory Species: 27 Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated.
  • International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol

    International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol

    Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 5, Issue,10, pp.1788-1790, October, 2014 ISSN: 0976-3031 RESEARCH ARTICLE PHARMACOGNOSTIC, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AMPELOCISSUS LATIFOLIA (ROXB.) PLANCH TUBEROUS ROOT 1K. B. Theng and 2A. N. Korpenwar 1 Department of Botany, Shri Shivaji Science and Arts College Chikhli, Dist- Buldana, M.S. India ARTICLE INFO2 ABSTRACT Rashtrapita Mahatma Gandhi Science and Arts college Nagbhid. Dist- Chandrapur, M. S. India Article History: The present study deals with pharmacognostic, phytochemical and physicochemical th analysis of Ampelocissus latifolia tuberous root. Phytochemical analysis of tuberous Received 12 , September, 2014 st root was carried out by using series of solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, Received in revised form 21 , September, 2014 ethanol and acetic acid by soxhlet extractor. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Accepted 11th, October, 2014 th these plants confirm the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, tannin, Published online 28 , October, 2014 flavonoids, gums and mucilage in higher concentration followed by glycosides, proteins, phytosteroids and fixed oil and fats in lower concentration. During Key words: pharmacognostic study, microscopic characters of tuberous root were studied for Ampelocissus latifolia, jangli draksh, Wasali forest, identification of original drugs. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash, acid pharmacognosy. insoluble ash, water soluble ash, extractive value and moisture content were determined for identification of impurities in crude drugs. © Copy Right, IJRSR, 2014, Academic Journals. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION with water to remove foreign organic matter; shade dried and then grinds into fine powdered by using mechanical grinder.
  • Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracts from Ampelocissus Africana (Lour) Merr (Vitaceae) Rhizomes

    Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracts from Ampelocissus Africana (Lour) Merr (Vitaceae) Rhizomes

    Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 32(31): 8-18, 2020; Article no.JPRI.62661 ISSN: 2456-9119 (Past name: British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Past ISSN: 2231-2919, NLM ID: 101631759) Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracts from Ampelocissus africana (Lour) Merr (Vitaceae) Rhizomes W. Leila Marie Esther Belem-Kabré1,2*, Noufou Ouédraogo1,2,3 Adjaratou Compaoré-Coulibaly1,2, Mariam Nebié-Traoré1,2, Tata K. Traoré1,3 Moumouni Koala2, Lazare Belemnaba2, Felix B. Kini2 and Martin Kiendrebeogo1 1Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquée (LABIOCA), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. 2Département Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles – Pharmacie (MEPHATRA-PH), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. 3Laboratoire de Dévelopement du Médicament, Ecole Doctorale de la Santé, Université Joseph KI- ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author WLMEBK carried out the work, performed the statistical analysis, interpreted the results and drafted the manuscript. Author NO conceived the study, design, supervise and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. Authors ACC and MNT contributed to perform antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibition tests. Author TKT participated in cyclooxygenases and phospholipase inhibition test. Author MK supervised the phytochemical analysis. Authors LB, FBK and MK contributed to analyze the results, read and approved the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JPRI/2020/v32i3130913 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Syed A. A. Rizvi, Nova Southeastern University, USA.
  • Journal Vol. 30 Final 2076.7.1.Indd

    Journal Vol. 30 Final 2076.7.1.Indd

    102-120 J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 30, 2016-18 Flora of community managed forests of Palpa district, western Nepal Pratiksha Shrestha1, Ram Prasad Chaudhary2, Krishna Kumar Shrestha1, Dharma Raj Dangol3 1Central Department of Botany,Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 2Research Center for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Kathmandu, Nepal 3Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Swayambhu, Kathmandu, Nepal ABSTRACT Floristic diversity is studied based on gender in two different management committee community forests (Barangdi-Kohal jointly managed community forest and Bansa-Gopal women managed community forest) of Palpa district, west Nepal. Square plot of 10m×10m size quadrat were laid for covering all forest areas and maintained minimum 40m distance between two quadrats. Altogether 68 plots (34 in each forest) were sampled. Both community forests had nearly same altitudinal range, aspect and slope but differed in different environmental variables and members of management committees. All the species present in quadrate and as well as outside the quadrate were recorded for analysis. There were 213 species of flowering plant belonging to 67 families and 182 genera. Barangdi-Kohal JM community forest had high species richness i.e. 176 species belonging to 64 families and 150 genera as compared to Bansa-Gopal WM community forest with 143 species belonging to 56 families and 129 genera. According to different life forms and family and genus wise jointly managed forest have high species richness than in women managed forest. Both community forests are banned for fodder, fuel wood and timber collection without permission of management comities. There is restriction of grazing in JM forest, whereas no restriction of grazing in WM forest.
  • Flora of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Cochise County, Arizona

    Flora of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Cochise County, Arizona

    Flora of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Cochise County, Arizona Elizabeth Makings School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ Abstract—The flora of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area (SPRNCA) consists of 618 taxa from 92 families, including a new species of Eriogonum and four new State records. The vegetation communities include Chihuahuan Desertscrub, cottonwood-willow riparian cor- ridors, mesquite terraces, sacaton grasslands, rocky outcrops, and cienegas. Species richness is enhanced by factors such as perennial surface water, unregulated flood regimes, influences from surrounding floristic provinces, and variety in habitat types. The SPRNCA represents a fragile and rare ecosystem that is threatened by increasing demands on the regional aquifer. Addressing the driving forces causing groundwater loss in the region presents significant challenges for land managers. potential value of a species-level botanical inventory may not Introduction be realized until well into the future. Understanding biodiversity has the potential to serve a unifying role by (1) linking ecology, evolution, genetics and biogeography, (2) elucidating the role of disturbance regimes Study Site and habitat heterogeneity, and (3) providing a basis for effec- tive management and restoration initiatives (Ward and Tockner San Pedro Riparian National 2001). Clearly, we must understand the variety and interac- Conservation Area tion of the living and non-living components of ecosystems in order to deal with them effectively. Biological inventories In 1988 Congress designated the San Pedro Riparian are one of the first steps in advancing understanding of our National Conservation Area (SPRNCA) as a protected reposi- natural resources and providing a foundation of information tory of the disappearing riparian habitat of the arid Southwest.