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Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracts from Ampelocissus Africana (Lour) Merr (Vitaceae) Rhizomes

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Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracts from Ampelocissus Africana (Lour) Merr (Vitaceae) Rhizomes Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 32(31): 8-18, 2020; Article no.JPRI.62661 ISSN: 2456-9119 (Past name: British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Past ISSN: 2231-2919, NLM ID: 101631759) Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracts from Ampelocissus africana (Lour) Merr (Vitaceae) Rhizomes W. Leila Marie Esther Belem-Kabré1,2*, Noufou Ouédraogo1,2,3 Adjaratou Compaoré-Coulibaly1,2, Mariam Nebié-Traoré1,2, Tata K. Traoré1,3 Moumouni Koala2, Lazare Belemnaba2, Felix B. Kini2 and Martin Kiendrebeogo1 1Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquée (LABIOCA), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. 2Département Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles – Pharmacie (MEPHATRA-PH), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. 3Laboratoire de Dévelopement du Médicament, Ecole Doctorale de la Santé, Université Joseph KI- ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author WLMEBK carried out the work, performed the statistical analysis, interpreted the results and drafted the manuscript. Author NO conceived the study, design, supervise and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. Authors ACC and MNT contributed to perform antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibition tests. Author TKT participated in cyclooxygenases and phospholipase inhibition test. Author MK supervised the phytochemical analysis. Authors LB, FBK and MK contributed to analyze the results, read and approved the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/JPRI/2020/v32i3130913 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Syed A. A. Rizvi, Nova Southeastern University, USA. Reviewers: (1) M. P. Singh, University of Allahabad, India. (2) Nasraoui Hajaji Afef, University of Carthage, Tunisia. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/62661 Received 01 September 2020 Accepted 05 November 2020 Original Research Article Published 27 November 2020 ABSTRACT Aims: To determine the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant and anti- inflammatory properties of methanolic and aqueous extracts from Ampelocissus africana (Lour) Merr rhizomes. Study Design: Phytochemical content and screening, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Belem-Kabré et al.; JPRI, 32(31): 8-18, 2020; Article no.JPRI.62661 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Traditional Pharmacopoeia and Pharmacy (MEPHATRA / PH) of the Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS) and Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LABIOCA), University Joseph KI-ZERBO in Ouagadougou between April and August 2020. Methodology: The antioxidant activity of both extracts of the plant was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS+ radical cation decolorization, ferric ion reduction and lipid peroxidation inhibition in rat liver assays. The anti-inflammatory activities in vitro were measured on the ability of the extract to inhibit the activity of enzymes such as 15-lipoxygenase, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2). Results: This study revealed that the total phenolic contents of the extracts varied from 471.79 ± 1.71 mg GAE/g to 173.88 ± 1.71 mg GAE/g for methanolic and aqueous extract respectively. The extracts were also rich in flavonoids and tannins. The methanolic extract possessed better antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 2.32 ± 0.18 µg/ml for the ABTS, 1.71 ± 0.05 µg/mL for the DPPH, a reducing power agent of 87.44 ± 0.5 mmol AAE /100 g and a percentage inhibition of lipid peroxidation of 52.21%. The methanolic and aqueous extract of A. africana has an inhibitory action on activity of lipoxygenase with IC50 values of 26.09 ± 1.83 μg/mL to 34.32 ± 1.60 μg/mL, respectively. The methanolic extract caused COX-1 inhibition of 36.07%, COX-2 inhibition of 38.31% and PLA2 inhibition of 26.9%. Conclusion: These results showed that the methanolic and aqueous extract from the rhizomes of Ampelocissus africana possessed antioxidant power, inhibitor effect against proinflammatory enzymes. Keywords: Ampelocissus africana; phytochemical; antioxidant; proinflammatory enzymes. 1. INTRODUCTION inflammatory enzymes is produced by phospholipase activation. These mediators work Oxidative stress is a significant underlying factor by recruiting more inflammatory cells to the site to dysfunctional of immune system and of damage and producing more reactive species inflammatory responses [1]. It plays an important [7]. The maintaining of the balance between the role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases beneficial and harmful effects of free radicals is a including chronic inflammation, cancer, very important aspect and is achieved by redox cardiovascular disease, diabetes. These regulatory mechanisms. The process of redox diseases can result from the increased regulation protects living organisms from various expression of redox regulated pro-inflammatory oxidative stresses and verifies redox factors such as eicosanoids and cytokines [2]. In homeostasis by controlling the redox status in fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or oxygen vivo [8]. free radicals are derived from normal cellular metabolism. They may play a beneficial role in Medicinal plants are considered as an important defense against infectious agents and in the source of molecules can be used against function of many cellular signaling systems when diseases such as inflammation and oxidative at low or moderate concentrations [3]. However, stress [9]. Thus, identifying bioactive compounds when there is an excess of ROS caused by an from plants became an active field of imbalance of prooxidant / antioxidant reactions in pharmaceutical research [10]. response to the entry of a toxin in living organisms, it can damage DNA, proteins or Ampelocissus africana (Lour) Merr from Vitaceae cellular lipids and lead to the introduction of a family is a woody liana with tuberous perennial number of human diseases and increase the strain, climbing or crawling stem with sturdy inflammatory process [4,5]. branches from the Sudano-Guinean and Sudano-Sahelian regions of intertropical Africa. It ROS plays a major role in inflammation inducing is already used in traditional medicine in Burkina inflammatory mediators’ productions such as Faso against inflammatory diseases, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, chemokines, rheumatism, infections, circulation disorders, cytokines (TNFα, IL1β, IL6) and NF-κB activation drops, edema, abscess, hemorrhoids, healing, [6]. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are antiseptic, old wounds [11]. synthesized respectively through cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) To the best of our knowledge no report is activation. The substrate of these pro- available on the effects of this plant rhizomes 9 Belem-Kabré et al.; JPRI, 32(31): 8-18, 2020; Article no.JPRI.62661 acting as antiinflammatory agent. Hence, the aim were used for the aqueous maceration. However, of this study was to determine the phytochemical the mixture of this maceration after filtration was composition and evaluate in vitro antioxidant (by centrifuged, frozen and lyophilized. The extracts four methods) and anti-inflammatory properties were stored at 4°C for the investigations. of methanolic and aqueous extracts from Ampelocissus africana (Lour) Merr rhizomes. 2.4 Phytochemical Screening 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical screening of the extracts by thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out 2.1 Plant Collection on chromatoplates (60 F254, 10 x 5 cm, 10 x 20 cm glass support, Merck) in accordance with the The rhizomes of Ampelocissus africana (Lour) methods studied in the literature [12,13]. Each Merr were harvested in September 2019 in the dry extract was solubilized in its extraction region of the Mouhoun loop around Dedougou solvent and 5 μL were offered on the plate for the located to 250 km from Ouagadougou, the evolution of the chromatogram. Polar and capital city of Burkina Faso. A sample was nonpolar solvent systems were used to develop authenticated by the National Herbarium (HNBU) the path chromatography to screen for large located at the National center for Scientific and chemical groups by thin layer chromatography Technological Research (CNRST) where the (TLC). These were steroids, terpenes and voucher specimen was deposited under N° 8754. phenolics. For this purpose, specific reagents were used to reveal these groups of compounds: 2.2 Chemicals Neu's reagent for flavonoids, Sulfuric vanillin reagent for terpenes and sterols, FeCl3 reagent All chemicals used were analytical grade. ABTS for tannins and phenolics, anysaldehyde reagent [2,2'-azinobis (3-ethyl benzoin-6- sulphonate)], for saponosides, KOH reagent for coumarins and DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), dragendor’ff reagent for alkaloids. trichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride, hydrochloric acid, potassium persulfate, ascorbic acid, 2.5 Phytochemical Composition potassium hexacyanoferrate, gallic acid, quercetin, Folin Ciocalteu reagent, 2- 2.5.1 Total phenolics content thiobarbituric acid, Sodium tetraborate, boric acid, Zileuton, linoleic acid, and lipoxygenase The determination of total phenolics to aqueous (type I-B) enzyme were purchased were and methanolic extracts was carried out purchased
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