VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS Toghrul Musayev
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VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS POLITIKOS MOKSLŲ IR DIPLOMATIJOS FAKULTETAS REGIONISTIKOS KATEDRA Toghrul Musayev AZERBAIDŽANAS-KINIJA: POLITINIAI IR EKONOMINIAI SANTYKIAI 1991-2011 M. IR ATEITIES PERSPEKTYVOS (lietuvių kalba) Magistro baigiamasis darbas Rytų Azijos regiono studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 621L20007 Politikos mokslų studijų kryptis Vadovas Dr. Rytis Bulota _______________ _________ ( Moksl. laipsnis, vardas, pavardė) (parašas) (data) Apginta__________________ __________ __________ (PMDF dekanas) (parašas) (data) Kaunas, 2012 VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND DIPLOMACY THE DEPARTMENT OF REGIONAL STUDIES Toghrul Musayev AZERBAIJAN-CHINA: POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN 1991-2011 AND FUTURE PROSPECTS (in English) Final Master‘s Thesis East Asia Region Studies programme, Code 621L20007 Field of Studies: Political Sciences Advisor Dr. Rytis Bulota ___________ ____________ (degree, name, surname) (signature) (date) Defended ______________________ ____________ ________ (Dean of PMDF) (signature) (date) Kaunas, 2012 “Interest does not tie nations together; it sometimes separates them. But sympathy and understanding does unite them” Woodrow T. Wilson Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest thanks to my teacher Justina Razumaite who supported me during this research and provided me with useful sources and was always willing to talk to me and assist in understanding of certain political issues and concepts that I exploited in the present research. My greatest appreciation also belongs to Dr. Rytis Bulota, my supervisor, for his valuable advice and insights that he shared with me. Besides, I am truly indebted and thankful Dr, Associate professor Ogtay B.Jalileyli, director of Confucius Institute of Baku State University, for the support and guidance he showed me throughout my thesis writing. I am sure it would have not been possible without his help. Above all, I would like to thank to all of my family and my friends boosted me morally and provided me great information resources. i Abbreviations AEC Azerbaijan Entrepreneurs Confederation AR Azerbaijan Republic AZPROMO Azerbaijan Export and Investment Promotion Foundation CC Central Committee CCCPC Central Committee of Communist Party of China CCCPSU Central Committee of the Communist Party of Soviet Union CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CPC Communist Party of China EU European Union GDP Gross Domestic Product JV Joint Ventures KMG KazMunaiGas MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe PRC People’s Republic of China RF Russian Federation ROC Republic of China SOCAR State Oil Company of AR TRACECA Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia UAE United Arab Emirates UN United Nations USA United States of America USD United States Dollar USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………i Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………………………….ii Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………..iii List of Figures and Tables…………………………………………………………………………iv Santrauka…………………………………………………………………………………………...v Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………….vi I. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 Scope of the Research………………………………………………………………………...2 1.2 Theoretical Framework……………………………………………………………………….2 1.3 Review of Literature and Sources…………………………………………………………….4 II. Emergence of Sino-Azeri Relations after 1991………………………………………………..6 2.1 Priorities of Foreign Policy of Azerbaijan and China………………………………………...6 2.2 Diplomatic Recognition of Azerbaijan by PRC………………………………………………9 2.3 Bilateral Cooperation after 1991……………………………………………………………..10 2.3.1 Historical Visit of Heydar Aliyev to China…………………………………………….10 2.3.2 Visits of the President of the AR, Ilham Aliyev to PRC………………………………17 2.4 Concluding Remarks…………………………………………………………………………25 III. Political Dimension in Azerbaijan – China Relations………………………………………26 3.1 Armenian Issue in Sino-Azeri Relations…………………………………………………….26 3.2 Importance of Nagorno-Karabakh and Taiwan Conflicts in the Relations………………….27 3.3 Azerbaijan – China Multilateral Cooperation……………………………………………….30 3.3.1 Historical Importance of the Silk Road……………………………………………….30 3.3.2 Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia –TRACECA……………………………..32 3.4 Concluding Remarks……………………………………………………………………….35 IV. Economic Bilateral Cooperation……………………………………………………………..37 4.1 Economic Relations between Two Countries and New Projects…………………………...37 4.2 Energy Issue in the Relations……………………………………………………………….41 4.3 Azeri Cooperation with Chinese Business Circles………………………………………….44 4.4 Concluding Remarks………………………………………………………………………..46 V. Future Prospects………………………………………………………………………………..48 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………….51 List of References………………………………………………………………………………….54 Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………57 Appendix 1: Political Map of AR…………………………………………………………………..58 Appendix 2: Map of PRC…………………………………………………………………………..59 Appendix 3: Main Economic Indicators of AR and PRC…………………………………………..60 Appendix 4: General Overview of AR……………………………………………………………..62 Appendix 5: General Overview of PRC…………………………………………………………....64 Appendix 6: List of the Documents Signed between the PRC and AR…………………………….67 iii List of Figures and Tables Figure 1: Heydar Aliyev (M) on the Great Wall of China…………………………………………12 Figure 2: Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) holds a ceremony to greet Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, the capital of China, on March 17, 2005…………………………………………………………………………………………………18 Figure 3: Chinese President Hu Jintao (2nd R) and his wife Liu Yongqing (1st R) pose for photos with Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev (2nd L) and his wife before a welcoming luncheon in Beijing, China, Aug. 8, 2008………………………………………………………………………..24 Figure 4: Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia (TRACECA) routes………………………..34 Figure 5: The trade relations between the AR and PRC…………………………………………...41 Table 1: The position of the PRC in the voting at the General Assembly of the UN on the amendment to the draft resolution on cooperation between UN and OSCE……………………….29 iv Santrauka Kinija yra viena iš pačių didžiausių valstybių pasaulyje. Kinija pasižymi senovine kultūra ir giliomis tradicijomis. Kiniečiai pasauliui padovanojo neįkainojamų pasiekimų visai civilizacijai. Vykstant Antrąjam pasauliniam karui ir po jo Kinijos piliečių kova baigėsi pergale ir pasekoje buvo įkurta Kinijos Liaudies Respublika 1949 metais. Kinijos žmonės tapo teisėtais savo žemių, likimo ir valios savininkais. Per trumpą istorijos laikotarpį, 50 metų, Kinija besivystydama nukeliavo tolimą kelią. Istorija ir laimėjimai, pasiekti per Kinijos Liaudies Respublikos laikotarpį padėjo šaliai prilygti kitoms pirmaujančioms ir pažengusioms valstybėms. Tačiau tai lėmė ne tik tai, jog Kinija turi daugiau nei vieną milijardą gyventojų ar tai, jog šalies teritotijos dydis vienas didžiausių pasaulyje. Tai lėmė Kinijos žmonės, kurie eina progreso bei vystymosi keliu bei tai, jog šalyje pasiekta didelių laimėjimų socioekonominėje srityje. Kinija užima svarbią vietą tarptautinėje politikoje ir pasaulio gyvenime. Kinijos Liaudies Respublika yra ilgalaikė Saugumo Tarybos narė Jungtinių Tautų Organizacijoje bei aktyviai dalyvauja daugybėje tarptautinių ir regioninių organizacijų. Štai kodėl santykiai tarp Azerbaidžano ir Kinijos yra tokie svarbūs Azerbaidžanui. Po Azerbaidžano nepriklausomybės atgavimo – tai nutiko prieš maždaug 20 metų - žinoma, Azerbaidžanas ieškojo savo nepriklausomybės pripražinimo pasaulio valstybėse. KLR buvo viena pirmųjų valstybių, pripažinusių Azerbaidžano nepriklausomybę; diplomatiniai santykiai buvo įkurti tarp Azerbaidžano ir KLR. Po to kai KLR ambasada pradėjo veikti Azerbaidžane ir kai Azerbaidžano ambasada – Kinijoje. Sino – Azeri tarptautiniai santykiai perėjo į naują fazę, kai Azerbaidžano šalies vadovas Heydar Aliyev nusprendė atlikti vieną iš savo pirmųjų oficialiųjų vizitų į Kiniją, ir šis vizitas pralaužė ledus tarptautiniuose santykiuose. Po šio istorinio vizito tolimesni pareigųnų vizitai bei dabartinio Azerbaidžano Respublikos prezidento Ilham Aliyev vizitai gerino santykius metai iš metų. Abipusiai vizitai tarp šalių tęsiami dideliu tempu. Tagi, šio tyrimo tikslas yra nuodugniai išanalizuoti dabartinę situaciją ekonominiuose ir politiniuose santykiuose tarp AR ir KLR. Iš tyrimo aišku, jog paskutiniu laikotarpiu santykiai tarp Kinijos Liaudies Respublikos ir nepriklausomo Azerbaidžano vystėsi didėjančiu tempu. Azerbaidžanas teikia didelę reikšmę santykiams su KLR, stengiasi ir stengsis vystyti ir stiprinti šiuos santykius visose gyvenimo sferose ir pasaulio politikoje. v Abstract China is one of the largest countries in the world. China is a country having very ancient culture and rich history. The people of China have given matchless gifts to the world civilization. During the World War II and after the World War II, the struggle of Chinese people has resulted in a great victory and the PRC has been established in 1949. The Chinese people became the owner of their lands, their fate and their will. During a short period of history – in 50 years, the Chinese people have survived a great path in its development. The historical past of China and the successes gained in the period of PRC have forwarded China to the line of leading and advanced countries. It is not only for the reason that China has more than one billion of population and it is one of the largest countries