GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS in EAST LOTHIAN 213 T Setona 4

GRAVEYARD MONUMENT EASN SI T LOTHIAN by ANGUS GRAHAM, M.A., F.S.A., F.S.A.SCOT.

INTRODUCTORY THE purpos thif eo s pape amplifo t s ri informatioe yth graveyare th n no d monuments of East Lothian that has been published by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.1 The Commissioners made their survey as long ago as 1913, and at that time their policy was to describe all pre-Reformation tombstones but, of the later material, to include only such monuments as bore heraldic device possesser so d some very notable artisti historicar co l interest thein I . r recent Inventories, however, they have included all graveyard monuments which are earlier in date than 1707, and the same principle has accordingly been followed here wit additioe latey hth an r f eighteenth-centurno y material which called particularly for record, as well as some monuments inside churches when these exempli- fied types whic ordinarile har witt graveyardsyn hme i insignie Th . incorporatef ao d trades othed an , r emblems relate deceasea o dt d person's calling treatee ar , d separ- n appendixa atel n i y ; this material extends inte nineteentth o h centurye Th . description individuaf o s l monuments, whic takee har n paris parisy hb alphan hi - betical order precedee ar , reviea generae y th b df w o l resultsurveye th f so , with observations on some points of interest. To avoid typographical difficulties, all inscriptions are reproduced in capital letters irrespectiv nature scripe th th f whicf n eo i eto h the actualle yar y cut. Square brackets occurrin inscription a e tex f th o t n gi n indicate thaworde th t r lettero s s within the e illegiblemar t havbu , e been supplied question-mara , k being added when the restoration is uncertain. Words or letters in round brackets have never existed on the stone, but have been inserted for the sake of clarity. All ligatures have been expanded. e six-figurTh e o loo-kmreferencet l al e . ar ssquar e , th formerl f NT eo , 36 y National Grid, and will be found on i-inch O.S. sheets, 7th series, Nos. 62 (Edin- (Dunbar)burgh3 6 d an ) . Thes precedee ear referencesy db forme th n ,i , e.g. SE.7 4 , , sheet6-ince e th th Nationaf n o st o o h p O.Sma .l Grid lines. I wis acknowledgo ht e with gratitud generoue th e s contribution cose f th o t o t s publishing this paper that have been Eas e madth ty Lothiaeb n County Councid an l the Council for British Archaeology; and also to express my indebtedness to all those who hav cours e workee th helpe th n f i e o , e particularl d. m Dobie R . M , r C.B.E.yM , . RichardsonS . J r M , LL.D. . CalderT . , . S H.R.S.A. G . ,C . I A.R.I.A.S. r r M ,M d an , Scott, D.A. (Edin.)

1 Inventory of the Ancient Monuments and Constructions of East Lothian (H.M.S.O., 1924). Referred to below as Inventory. A list of the abbreviated titles used in references is given at the end of the paper. 212 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , ig6o-6l

SUMMAR DISCUSSIOD YAN N i. Types of Monument The monuments fall naturally into classes, some of which are clearly denned while others show mutual relationships. Subject to this proviso they may be describe followss da . (i) Early medieval headstones. A small disk-headed cross is to be seen at Gullane (No. i), and a rather similar stone at North Berwick, St Andrew's (No. i). The latter probably originated at the Cistercian convent, and both probably date from the twelfth century. A fragment at Tyninghame (No. 5) may possibly belong in this class. (ii) Coped grave-covers. A group of three coped grave-covers occurs at Oldham- stocks (Nos , wher3) . bas, e Romanesquia 2 ,eth f eo e piealss ha ro survived. They probable ar y thirteente 'oth f h century l beaAl .r tile decorationthef o me a on d an , pattern of crosses contained within squares. Parts of another are preserved at North Berwick t Andrew'S , s (No. 2) . (iii) Calvary cross-slabs. Complete grave-slabs bearing stepped crosses incisen di outline are found at Dunglass (Nos. 2, 3), Gullane (No. 2), Luffhess (No. i), Seton (Nos. i, 2), Smeaton House (No. i) and Tranent (Nos. 13, 25); the two halves of another separatn i , e re-use t Dunbaa , r (Nos. n fragmen,a 12)d an ; whaf s o t wa t probably anothe t Setoa r e Gullann Th (No . 3) e. exampl s cros it thics ei s d s i kan comparatively plais shor stockd ha nan d t limb-endsyan , features whic daty hema e twelft s earlth a s o a yt h t century.i e otherTh s probably belone lateth ro gt

medieva1 l periods; the one at Smeaton has been allotted to the fifteenth century,

and there are reasons for dating the one at Luffness to the beginning of the sixteenth2 century3 and No. 13 at Tranent to the end of the fifteenth.4 It is uncertain whether the true yar e graveyard monuments f the o todae mx ar si ys a ,insid e churched an s the other simila a hav y d sma eha r origi beed nan n turne t whedou n alterations were being made. n generaI 5 l they bear marginal bands, define incisey b d d linesn i , epitaphe th t whiccu presente se whear har y t Smeatonna an ; e exceptionon e ,th e sar and perhaps also No. 2 at Gullane, which was re-used and partly defaced in the seventeenth Tranentcenturyd an o (Seton 3 . 13 . Tw ).No , No sho, wchalica n ei outline. (iv) Other medieval grave-covers recumbentd an slabs. e miniaturTh e cove smala f o r l child's grave at Gullane (No. 12) most probably dates from the twelfth century; two sword-bearing grave-cover t Tyninghamsa e (Nos) fro 3 fourteenthe , mth 2 . a d an ; fragmentary cross-slab with a floreate head at Gullane (No. u) from the same centur r lateryo . Numbe t Norta 4 r h Berwick t Andrew'sS , , which show knigha s t in the armour of the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century, probably originated same insidth t echurche a siteeth 3 . , whic;No h evidently commemorate fifteenthsa - century prioress, no doubt came from the convent church; while No. 6 at St Andrew's

I am indebted for this suggestion to Mr C. A. Ralegh Radford, F.B.A., F.S.A.

3 Inventory,2 . 152No . R.M.S., 1424-1513 . 2455No , . 4 Inventory, p. 114. 6 On the movements of the North Berwick stones see pp. 244 f. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 213 t Setona 4 . , beinNo d gan bot thef ho m matrice brassesf so , must have begun their lives inside churches though the latter was, in fact, dug up outside. Fragment f grave-covero s n secondari e s uprigha ar s e us y t grave-markert a s Dirleton (No. i), Gullane (Nos. 3 to 6) and Innerwick (No. i); another is lying loose at Keith (No. i). (v) Post-Reformation recumbent slabs. Although burial inside churche bannes swa d e Boo th f Discipline, o ky b e practicth 1 e certainly continue post-Reformation di n times, and slabs of the seventeenth century are still in place in the church floors at Dunglass (Nos. i, 4, 5) and Seton (No. 5). It is also open to question whether some

of the slabs now lying in graveyards may2 or may not have found their way there when the churches were rebuilt or refloored. Examples which suggest themselves are, among others, No. 4 at Bolton, No. 2 at Gullane or No. 8 at Haddington. In vie f theswo e uncertainties e post-Reformatioth l al , n recumbent slab e herar s e treate singla s da e series. e earlies recumbenf o Th e us t t slabs afte Reformatioe th r exemplifies ni e th y db crude adaptation of two medieval slabs at Dunglass (Nos. 2, 3), in 1592 and 1607 respectively. Apart from these seriee th , s appear begio st t a n 9 wit d han Nos7 , 5 . Seton, of 1608, 1604 and 1608 respectively, and the single slab remaining at Whittingehame Castle, of 1611; while other fairly early examples are No. i at Dunbar, of 1627, No. 12 at Tranent, of 1638, and perhaps also one of the pair numbere t Haddingtona d8 this a , s last, thoug inscriptios hit vanisheds nha , preservesa slightly tapered outline reminiscent of the medieval grave-covers. The same is true of the slab at Whittingehame Castle, where the taper is more pronounced. In general, however, legible date thesn so e slabs ten falo dt l int secone oth de halth f fo seventeenth century, though thi s wely facmisleadine b ma lt naturalls i t i s ga e yth earlier dates that are most likely to have been lost through weathering. A common scheme of decoration includes a marginal band, four or five inches wide and defined by grooves,3 with various arrangements of funerary emblems and initials, often combined wit a hshield , occupyin e enclosegth d space e mottTh . o 'Memento mori s alsi ' o extremely commo l typeal f seventeenth-centurn o so n y monuments. The best examples perpetuate the medieval practice of placing the epitaph withi marginae nth l band; when thi dons si invariablt ei y beginuppee th t sa r dexter corner, runs round clockwis , finishein e t lon o andfi to o s gt f i ,wit h extra lines cut transversely belo openine wth g section. Excep t Setoa t n (Nos 9)o t , 5 .wher e eth letter relien suna i e n kfo sar band epitaphe th , incisede sar othen I . r case linee sth s e arrange pagea ar n o , s transverselda longee th o yt slabe r th axiunusuan f a ; o s l exampl thif eo s. 1t Tranent 2a typ No s ei , dated 1638 whicn i , lettere hth vere sar y margio n larg d enan whateve lefts ri . Numbe t Haddingtona r5 1659f o , , whicw hno stand headstona s sa probabls i t ebu yslaa b re-used exceptionas i , havinn li lines git s symmetrically spaced r aesthetifo , c effect.

1 Dickinson . CroftW , , John Knox's History Reformation e oth f Scotland,n i . 11320p , . 2 Some further notes on late burials inside churches are given in P.S.A.S., xci (1957—8), p. 5. Grooved borders were particularly noted at Bolton (No. 4), Haddington, parish church, (Nos. 4, 8) Haddington3 t Martin'S , s (No. i), Morham (No. 14), Setod Whittingehaman n) 9 (Nos o t 5 . e Castle. This list, however, is not exhaustive. 214 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , ig6o-6l A variant of the marginal band is a very pronounced roll-and-hollow moulding, which occur t Dunbasa r (Nos , 10)8 . , Prestonkir kWhittingehamd (Noan ) 4 . e (Nos. table-toma n welo s a s , a l i 5) ,t Innerwicba k (No . Thes3) . e mouldingo t p u e ar s 7. wide! in hollowe th , deep. in somsn 3 I bein. o t e p case ghollowu e sidee th sth f so s are rebated, and a hole may also be provided at one corner for drainage. Number 13 at Morham, dated 1699 but perhaps in secondary use, has a cavetto-moulded edge, featura e commone table-tombsn i r . . (Setonin . 9 6) . e slab.No ft , Th 3 s maximuy a var b o . t sizen y i ft p 7 u , f mo Other large slabs . (Whitekirkmeasur in . (Morham9 in . 7 ft . e6 . i)ft . 136 , No ,) No , and 6 ft. 5 in. (Bolton, No. 4) in length; but the majority are about 6 ft. long and som shortere ear shapn I . e the uniformle yar y rectangular, apart fro slightle mth y tapering examples that have been mentioned alss i t oi ; just possible thastoneo tw t s with rounded upper end table-toma s- Aberladt ba y (No vera d .y ilargan ) e headstone at Pencaitland (No. 3) - may be recumbent slabs in secondary use. (vi) Wall-monuments. The monuments of this class range from very large constructions t differinno , kinn i g d fro rice splendid mth han d memorials that wert ese insidp u e churche burial-vaultsd san , through panel variouf so s kindsreredoe th o t , s monuments (infra, § (ix)), which in turn link up with the headstones. East Lothian possesses two great interior wall-monuments, one in Dunbar parish church and the 1 Lauderdale otheth n i r e burial-aisl t Haddington,ea t thesbu e hav t bee- eno nin

cluded in the present survey as the2 y clearly outrun its scope. For the same reason no mentio mads ni f Williaeo m Seton's monumen t Haddington,a t a grou f o n pi r o 3 Seton Church.4 majoe Th r wall-monument latee th rf so seventeent h century consis thref to e main parts — pedestala , column entablaturd san e framin centraga l inscribed panela d an , pediment lase th ,t often toppe finiala e columny db Th . e usuallar s y flankey b d massive scrolls, and the whole is crowded with Renaissance ornamentation and funerary emblems. The pediment often contains a coat of arms. The best example, No. i at Tranent, is no less than 14 ft. 4 in high, while another, very similar, monu- churce wale th men th f o lt Keitn ha o t h (No t leasmus) a 2 . e tb t . 1hig3ft h though it could not be measured when visited. These two date from 1693 and 1695 respectively. Numbe t Humbiea 3 r f 1668 o ,bee s ha , n mutilated oncy ma e t havbu , e been comparable with the Keith monument, though smaller. Number 13 at Dunbar, of 1682, is another good example of this type; while No. 14 at the same place differs from the rest in possessing a central column as well as the flanking pair. The fragment numbered 12 at West Prestonpans shows an interesting relief carving of a full-rigged ship; thi s undatei s t prettbu d y certainly belonge seventeentth n i s h century. Number i at Tranent, which has just been mentioned, is one of a group

1 Inventory, fig. 2. The date of the Earl of Dunbar's death as given ibid., No. 39, is inaccurate, as it took place in 161 o. The inscription is reproduced in Marline, J., Reminiscences and Notices of Ten Parishes of the County of Haddington, 109. 2inscriptione ibid.Th fig d . . 4p ,14 .an reproducee sar Arch.n di Scot, Millern i d i, an 10Lamp ,e . J.2ff Th , of Lothian, 424 ff. 3 ibid. 4 Notably those commemoratin e isgtth Ear Perthf o l , James Ogilvi yte Bernesf eo hth Lord an , d Seton (P.S.A.S., xxn (1887-8), pp. 178, 180). The inscription on the last is given by Grose, F., The Antiquities of . ff Scotland, 6 6 . pp GRAVEYARD MONUMENT N EASI S T LOTHIAN 215 remaindee th whicf ro h have lost their dates, some also showing signs doe s . ia , sNo itself f adaptatioo , d re-usenan ; they have consequently been omitted from this survey, and so have some undateable examples at Haddington. A panel typ wall-monumenf eo representes i t t Pencaitland . a i No y db f 1639o , ; this again is a Classical composition, but it is set on a bracket instead of being based e groundth n o . Another interesting panel, containin portrait-medallionso gtw s i , No. i at Prestonpans, of 1690. (vii) Post-Reformation headstones. I have suggested elsewhere1 that post-Reforma- tion headstones may have originated as simple grave-markers, and not by deri- vation from early medieval prototypes, such as No. i at Gullane; and also that the kind of Renaissance decoration that they so frequently carry connects them closely with the Classical panels and wall-monuments. The present survey has pro- duced no fresh evidence in support of the first of these suggestions, though it is allowable to point to a number of fragments, either of medieval grave-covers (Dirleton, No. i; Gullane, Nos. 3 to 6; Innerwick, No. i) or of unworked rock (Gullane, No. 10), which stand as headstones but which, being uninscribed, could have had no value as memorials. It is also worth noting that the earliest dated headstone smale sar sizn i l e (infra], thougl smalal t l hno headstone earlye sar n O . othee th r hand majorite th headstonee , th f yo decoratee ar s mannea n di r which recalls Renaissance architectura le commones stylesth n I . t arrangement lateral pilasters or half-shafts support an entablature and pediment, or something which suggest swall-monuments e them th enclosd n o an , s a sam panee a y th ewa n e li Th . panel bears epitaph, emblems, figures, a shield or whatnot; sometimes the epitaph is on one face and the decorative assemblage on the other, but in the less elaborate monument reverssthe e fac blankeis detail ornamentatioThe the . sof bewildernare - thein i g re shape in b rang e stony d diversitth n di an ef ma e o p yto (infra}.e Th various ways, with sloped or curving rakes, double or triple lobes, or forming the segment of a circle; the pediment may contain initials, dates, trade insignia, cherubs normae th l al l d repertoran f Renaissancyo e ornament. Headstones with rounded tops often have small shoulder wells sa resule th , t being strongly reminiscene th f o t scallop-headed panels appearing in some of the wall-monuments; while the two-lobed three-lobed an d tops likewise sugges affinitn a t y with other panel thif so s class. When pilasters and entablature are absent, the margins of the stone may be more or less elaborately moulded; high mouldings and deeply-sunk fields are characteristic of a serie smalf so l headstonePrestonpano tw e th n si s graveyards. Round-topped stones very often sho wgroova e acros e apeth s x from fron baco t t k (e.g. Bolton; 8 . No , Haddington, Nos. i, 2, 3; Pencaitland, Nos. 2, 4; Tranent, No. 28); when comparatively deep and wide these grooves suggest a vestige of the V of a two-lobed pediment, but more probably they were intended to receive a rope or hook to facilitate the handlin stonee th f go . Headstones vary greatl ignore w sizen y i f I ea 13-inc. h grave-marke t Spota r t (No. 2), the smallest here recorded (Haddington, No. 17), which dates from the sixteen-sixties, measures onl 1y 3yb in.. amond 18in an ; othee gth r small examples 1 P.S.A.S., xci (1957-8) i ffpp. ,. 2l6 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , ig6o-6l citee b dy Nosma d 1t Haddington.8a an i ,t muc whicno e h har larger t . a i No , North Berwic parisd kol Prestonho t Tranentchurcha tw 8 e seriea . th -d t No ,sa an , pans graveyards of which none greatly exceeds 2 ft. in height. Large headstones, on the other hand, may reach a height of 4 ft., excluding such an exceptional example as No. 3 at Pencaitland, which now stands 5 ft. 7 in. in height but may be a recumbent earliese endn o Th .p u sla tt headstonebse s that bear legible 2 date d Nose an sar 3 . at Prestonpans, of 1633 and 1634 respectively; these are small and simple monuments, but the splendid stone numbered 24 at Tranent comes only a year later, in 1635, while the undated No. 7 at Dirleton resembles this last so closely that it is temptin approximatelalloo o gt t t i t same yth e date. Only four headstones bear

earlier dates than 1660, the nex1 t thirty years produce twenty-four in all, and it is only after 1690 that they become really common, with forty between 169 17O7d 1an 2; the comparative paucity of early stones may be due in part to weathering, wastage and re-use, but the trend is in general agreement with figures assembled from a wider field.3 The year 1707 is of no practical significance, as the same types persist throughout eighteentmuce th f ho h century factn i ; , desig ornamend nan t changeo s little before about 1770 that earlie lated ran r materia onln distinguishedle ca y b , when date lackinge characteristice ar s th y b , letteringe th f o s . Some eighteenth-century stones at Whittingehame clearly illustrate this fact. Lettering, too, may be deceptive, as a style suggestive of the seventeenth century can be found still in use in the eighteenth where new fashions were slow to penetrate; this point is brought out by a series of stones at Innerwick. Before leaving headstones it is necessary to notice two cast-iron plates, in the for round-toppef mo d headstones, which occu t Prestonkira r k . (NosThe6) e , y5 .ar dated respectively 1813 and 1821, and bear decorative figures of Greco-Egyptian type compare.e b They yma d with certain large cast-iron monument t Larberta s

and, like them, evidently represent experiments in a new medium4 . (viii) Pillars. regardee Pillarb y specialisea sma s da d for headstonef mo , though naturally quite differen formn e earliesi t recordee Th b . o t t d here (Haddington, dates i ) 7 d ungracefu. n a 1687 No s i t i ; . hig beard in l hobjecan 8 epitap n . sa ft 6 t h facee smalleon A . n plaineo d ran r example t Whittingehamea 7 . No , dates i , d 1751. Pillars or pillar-like monuments become more numerous in the later eighteenth relatee funerare b t th o dno t y y colum e obeliskma th r o o t century y nr o ,wit ma d h an , funerara y urn. (ix) Reredos-monuments. reredos-monumenA panea s i t r compositioo l n a n i t nse individual piece of walling built in the graveyard for that purpose, and unconnected either wit boundary-wale hth r wit o churce lfabrie hth th f o ch itself mosn I . t cases the walling is left more or less rough, but in others panel and support are neatly constructed as a unit, with the result that the monument as a whole approximates to

dangee 1Th thif ro s lin argumentf eo , however showcloss e i , th ey nresemblancb debasee th f eo d Classical decoratio t Nort . a i No hn nBerwico parisd kol h church 1682f Wauge o , thath o t ,n to h headston t Langtonea , Berwickshire, of 1620. On this latter see P.S.A.S., xci (1957-8), p. 8 and illustration PI. I. figuree Th 2decade y b s s are: 1631-40 ; 1641-503 , ; 1651-60o , , i; 1661-70 ; 1671—808 , ; 1681-908 , ; 8 , 1691-1700 ; 1701-727 , , 13. cf. P.S.A.S., xci (1957-8) . 3p -,

3 4 R.C.A.M., Inventory of beeStirlingshire,w f thesno n o s demolishede eha . On 15 pp . 7 f . GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 2IJ oversizen a d headstone exampln A . f thieo s latter developmen sees i t t Garvalna d (No . Apar3) . t Aberladya t8 fro. mrebuila No ,e b whic y t wall-monumenthma , reredos-monuments belong to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but a number have been include thin di s surve r theiyfo r intrinsic interest n additioI . thoso nt e mentioned above, good example seee b t Dirleto na y sma n (Nos. n, 12), Gladsmuir (No. 2), Ormiston (No. 3), Stenton (No. 6) and Whitekirk (No. 4). (x) Table-tombs. Table-tombs fall into two classes, the slabs of the first being flat while e seconthosth e widelf o ear d y bevelle t sidea dd ends d onlan s an ,ya comparatively narrow area is left flat along the centre. Bevelled slabs are sometimes found ground e lyinmann th i n d thesf go yo an , e case t seemsi s saf assumo t e e that they are really collapsed table-tombs; similarly, in the case of some flat table-tombs, the suspicio arisy nma e that they bega recumbens na t slab havd an s en o bee t nse supports to keep up with changing fashions. This is known to have happened in the case of the slab at Whittingehame Castle (No. i). The earliest of the flat examples (Bara . dates ii ) No , d 1667 t flabu t, slabs supersedee seeb mo t bevelley db d ones abou seventeente ture th th f t no eighteentd han h centuries e serie Th f bevelle. so d slabs begin 168n si 4 (Bolton t belongi t . i)bu , No , s mainl eighteente th o yt h century outrund an scope sth f thieo s survey thir fo ;s reaso attempo nn bees ha tn mado et cove t completelyi r bevelled an , d monument onle sar y include thef di y possess some featur f interesto e . Thei casy ran e stud n prejudicei s yi e fac th t y thab d t their epitaphs were usually cut very shallow, with the result that names and dates tend to become illegible more quickly than those of some substantially earlier monuments. The most striking feature of the bevelled table-tombs is the extraordinary richness of their ornament. Scrolls, swags, fruit, cherubs, allegorical figures and funerary emblems, all in high relief, riot over their facets and sometimes extend to the supports, with results which seldom seem happe tast th f today o eo t y . Extra surfacer fo s decoratio sometimee nar s provide filliny dspace b parp th gu f eo t betwee supe nth - ports, as in No. 7 at Pencaitland and Nos. 17 and 30 at Tranent — these three tombs bein mose gth t magnificen whole th n ei t county. Some examples, however quite ar , e plain thesd probable an , ear y amon lateste riche gth Th . decoratio tablee th f no - tombs, combined with their considerable numbers, is a vivid reminder of the sums that quite ordinary people were prepare speno dt tombstonen do perioe th t n a sdi question; for example, the great tomb numbered 30 at Tranent commemorates someone who seems to have been a tenant-farmer, while No. i at Bara and No. i at Ormiston seem remarkably ambitious memorial farmersr sfo ' wives formere Th . n i , particular, cannot have been other than costly in view of the height of the relief. Unbevelled table-tomb slabs differ little from contemporary recumbent slabs, though in cases of doubt it is probably safe to assume that a slab with moulded or cavetto edge probabls wa s y designe table-tomba n di froe outsee us e m th r Th fo t. resemblance extends in some cases (e.g. No. i at Aberlady, No. 3 at Bara, No. 4 at Humbie) to the possession of shoulders and a rounded top such as are appropriate to a panel in a Classical niche (cf. p. 215). Number 4 at Aberlady, though of the bevelled type, also possesses these features; while No. 6 at Oldhamstocks, though evidently of the eighteenth century, exhibits the further anomaly of a slightly taper- 2l8 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , 1960-61 outling in e (cf . 246)p . . Another link wit recumbene hth t sla provide3 s bi . No y db t Innerwicka ,dee e whicth ps hollohha w moulding, wit hdrain-holea , notethas twa d on 1d t DunbarNos0a an noticeabl8 .s i t I . thato eto , althoug epitaphe hth mosn so t bevelled table-tombs, and certainly on the later ones, are cut longitudinally and have reae b do t fro earliese m sidel a (Boltonth al n f lineo ,e o t. transverselyin th ) sru No , , recumbena an so t slab. (xi) Sarcophagi. Slab-built sarcophagi are seldom seen in East Lothian, and all belong to a period a good deal later than 1707. It is of some interest, however, to note that they concentratee seeb e countymo t th f eastere o th , d t e.gda nen t a . Dunbar, Innerwick, Oldhamstocks and Spott. . Epitaphs2 Epitaphs are in general short and simple, giving name, dwelling-place, date of death and age. The normal form is provided by, e.g., No. 3 at Dunbar - 'Heir lyes William Mackrie, flesher and burges of Dumbar, who depairted this lyfe the 17 of name e Octobe65.e Th ag 'wive f s so childre d hi rf san o 170 introduced e n4ar an s da necessary. More elaborate epitaph pioud sad r laudator so y verse, ranging froe mth thirteen-word quatrait Spot . a i linex No t si n s(1700ne o dedicate th o t ) Jenneo dt t Deans on No. 5 at Dunbar (1704) or the ten lines 'done by the sad loving husband' on No. i at Pencaitland (1639). Latin is seldom used, though No. 12 at Tranent (1638) carries a long Latin epitaph, No. 15 at Tranent (1679) an elegaic couplet, t Dirletoa 5 . nNo (1651d an a substantia) l cop f verses yo illegible w no , . This last stone also use sfactua e Latith r nfo l portio epitaphs it f no , wit finae hth l worn di Greek for good measure. The long obituary inscription on the Earl of Dalhousie's wall-monumen t Dunbaa t r (No. 13), probabl f 1682yo illegible s certainls i , wa t bu ,y Englishn i . Spellin oftes gi n t Tranenchaotica 8 examplr . fo s No ta , n (1662)eo r o , on No. i at Prestonkirk (1685) where Margrat 'Mill' is described as daughter to James 'Mille'. Initials often appear in addition to the epitaphs, generally flanking some central decorative or heraldic composition. A peculiar arrangement of initials in monogram is noted at Saltoun (No. 5). e GothiTh c letterin late-medievae th f go l slabst Haddingtona e , us stil n i l t S , Martin's (No. i), in 1616, is followed by larger or smaller capital letters, and these persist throughout the seventeenth century. As has been said above, they remain in us somn ei e places well int centure oth y following, wit resule hth t than i t t theno o yd themselves provid reliablea e criterion of dateprevailine Th . g eighteentscripe th f to h centur tricd Italics y practisei od s k i n A . t Garvalda d Morhad (Noan ) 2 . m (No. 12), where the second of a pair of Ls is cut small and within the angle of the first; the Morham exampl dates ei d 1703e arrangemenTh . linef s o beet ha s n discussen do . 21p 3 above. Miscellaneous points of interest can be gathered from many of the epitaphs, but s difficuli t i singlo t tt case r particulaou e fo s r notice r exampleFo . a prominen, t Covenanter is commemorated at the old parish church of North Berwick (No. 2, 1685), and some collateral descendants of John Knox at Morham (No. 14). The rather frequent mentio f youno n g e wall-monumenchildrenth n o s a , t Keita t h GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 2ig (No. 2), evidently reflects their high contemporary death-rate; whil foue eth r deaths familg Ho 169n yi e th 9 n i (Morham, Nos , 109 , .8 13) sugges infectioun a t s illness. Burghal affairs are glanced at by epitaphs which mention 'praetor', Latin equivalent of'bailie' (Dirleton 1651f o , 5 ;. Dunbar,No 'bellmane . 14)th r ,No ;o ' (Haddington, . 19)officiae No th , l whos mako t e s dute wa publi yt i c announcement towne th n s.i 'Burgess' occurs fairl typicaye oftenth d lan , virtue seventeenth-centura f so y burgess are admirably summed up on No. 14 at Dunbar. . Names3 The choice of Christian names was limited; only fifteen men's and sixteen women's favourite namew fe noted e a sar d s an , appea disproportionatn ri e numbers. Thus, of the 140 men commemorated or mentioned in epitaphs, no less than 38 are called John whil distributee furthea ar 9 6 r d between William (20), James (19), Robert (16) and Alexander (14). The remaining 33 are made up of George (9), Patrick (5), Thomas (5), David (4), Adam (3), Andrew (2), Henr r 'Haryyo ' (2), Archibald (i), Hugo Kentigernud (ian ) s (i)lase th ,t appearine slath a f n bgo o early sixteenth century. In the same way, out of 82 women, Margaret has a long lead with 20, the remainder being Agnes (9), Helen or Ellen (7), Elizabeth or Bessie (7), Isobel (6), Jean (6), Mary (6), Alison (4), Janet (4), Ann r Annao a t (3), Katharine (3), Grizel (2), Marion (2), Christian (i), Barbara (i) and Rachel (i). Barbara and Rachel, like Kentigern, perhaps reflect the fashions of a larger world, as they occur in lairds' families, while one of the Marys is Irish. It will be noted that Highland names, suc Malcols ha r Donaldmo commo,w whic l partno al e hn sar ni of Scotland, do not appear at all; that Mary is poorly represented and Peter completely absent, bot doubo h n resul a s ta t of'Protestant' sentiment thatt ;bu , contrary whao t t might hav1 e been expected, biblical namee kinth df so ofte n affecten i d evangelical circles seem equally out of favour. In respect of surnames the situation is markedl2 y different, as, of the 111 names noted, only 30 occur more than once. Aitchison is the commonest surname, though with only six examples; Shiel occurs five times; Reid, Johnston, Lauder, Hog and Seton four times each; Broun, Dickson, Waddell, Nicolson, Knox, Thomsod nan Jackson three times each; Heriot, Cockburn, Sinclair, Begbie, Ferguson, Smith, Hume, Alexander, Fowler, Anderson, Hepburn, Manderson, Dods, Miller, Gilmore Williamsod an n twic eremainine eachth d an ; g 81 names once each. These com- parisons, however, possess little significance, as some of the more numerous names owe their standing simplexistence th o ylargt a f eo e family grou exampler fo p- e th , Aitchisons at Haddington, the Hogs at Morham or the Setons at Seton. On the other hand five th ,e Shiels wele seeb mlo t distributed wils seee A .b l n from those quoted above surnamee th , t diffeno o r sd from ,toda e thosus yn ei when allowancs ei mad peculiaritier efo spellingf so agait ;bu n Highland names hardly appear, Mackrie (Dunbar, No. 3), the only 'Mac', being an Ayrshire form of the name more usually known as Macrae.3 Peter o Daniela d Tw san , which occu nineteenth-centurn i r y re-use, have been ignored. t Haddingtona 21 'Gilead'3 . No n t Martin's,o S , fro r fa m a certais i , n restoration. 3 Black, Surnames, s.v. Maccrae. 0 22 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , ig6o-6l 4. Emblems, Figures, Insignia Mentio s alreadnha y been e ricmadth h f o edecoratio n affectee postth -n i d Reformation period, and of this the most typical features are emblems which either 1 insis deathn o t , buria corruptiod an l somethino d r no redreso gt balance th s e with hints of heaven. These emblems are so common, and run so much to type, that they have been largely take r grante ne descriptionfo th n di f individuao s l monuments. Skul cross-bonesd an l , either togethe r separateo r , appea nearln o r y every seventeenth-century monument, generally accompanied by the motto 'Memento mori'; while only slightly less common are grave-diggers' tools, the shovel and pick, or spade and shovel, often arranged saltirewise. Shovels may sometimes be confused with bakers' 'peels', but the latter are usually charged with loaves (PI. XIX, i). Hour- glasse e alsar so very common wherd an ,e nicetie th e f compositioo s n demanda horizontal object they are freely placed on their sides instead of in their natural upright position. Arrows sometimes appear, representing death's 'sting'; and these, like grave-digger'th e s tools, lend themselve o heraldit s c treatment. Scythee ar s another fairly common symbo f deatho l . Unusual emblem e 'deid-bell'th e ar s a , handbell run summoo gt neighboure nth funerala o sweighin t e scaled th an r , sfo f go soule th , eac whicf ho bees hha n note thren di e cases onlyformee Th . r appeart sa Aberlady (Nos. 4, 5) and at Tranent (No. 21), and the latter at Innerwick (No. 4), Keith (No. 2) and Prestonpans (No. 8), the example at Keith being part of a scene of deat judgmentd han . Almos s commoa t e skuld cross-boneth an ls na e cherubsar s , shown eithes a r winged heads or as child-figures with wings at their shoulders. The heads are of little interest, except in so far as the distribution of a distinctive type may indicate copying from one workshop to another or the common use of a pattern. A remarkable variation fro usua. e 1t Dunbarm3a th No seee b ln forno o t ms ,i wher e headth e s wea e ringletth r d widan s e collare lateth f r o sseventeent h century. This same monument also bear angen sa l blowin gtrumpeta , from which issue admonition sa n rathen i r faulty Latin e child-figureTh . sometimee ar s s showe th actionn ni n o s a , Seton table-tom t Tranenba t (No. 30), wher eseriea thef so m symbolis wore ed th kan life of a farmer. Besides cherubs and an occasional angel, clouds or cloud-like ornamen frequentle ar t y usesymboa s da heavenf o l ; this ornamen places i t pedin di - ments generalld an , y resembles flock woof o s l hanging down fro uppee mth r mouldings. When poorly rendered such cloud difficule sar distinguiso t t h from ordinary scrolls. Human figure r heado s s appea fourteen o r n stones heade th , s being evidently portraits and some of the figures being associated with the tools of their trades. The best exampl portraiturf eo t Prestonpans , a i No s ei panea , f 169lo 0 which showo stw faces, apparently of a father and a son. The Galhuayes headstone at Tranent (No. 7) also bear portraisa t head, thoug foue hth r accompanying childre treatee nar a n di manner reminiscen cherubse th f o t . Figures show settingn ni s appropriate th o et

conditions of their lives are seen at Aberlady (No. 8), West Prestonpans (Nos. 8, 9, Th1 e symbolic figures and emblems on Scottish tombstones are described in P.S.A.S., xxxvi (1901-2), pp. 352 ff. GRAVEYARD MONUMENT N EASI S T LOTHIAN 221 Tranend 10an ) t (No. 9), where women appear with childre varioun i s groupings; at Aberlady and at Athelstaneford (No. 3), Humbie, Pencaitland, Saltoun Tranend an t (Nos. 111, 30) showe , wherar n n esowinme g grain t Boltoa ; n (No, 2) . 1 1 1 where a wright is shown with his tools; and at Tranent (No. 22), where a youth is shown studyin books ghi . Numbe t Aberlada r6 y show womeo stw n conventionally t Stentot Garval a holdin poseda n withou6 n 2 . . ma ma na No , d g No a skulla td an , speciay an l characteristics e greaTh . t table-tom t Pencaitlanba d f 1724(Noo , 7) ., bear cherus a child-figur e th f bo e typthred ean e men cherue th ; b hold trumpesa t mene th f ,o respectivelyo tw d an swora Unioa , d dan n flag. Emblems in a class by themselves are the insignia of incorporated trades, or others which symbolise, more generally, a calling or way of life. These have been recorded, whether dated or undated, down to their passing out of use in the earlier nineteenth century (cf. Appendixearliese fF)7 Th . 26 t. swore noteth pp ,d e dan d ar shears, of uncertain significance in combination, on the cross-slab at Smeaton, and the chalices, for priests, at Seton (No. 3) and Tranent (No. 13), all of which date from the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries. The series of trade emblems begins in 1662, with smita t Pencaitlanha d seemd wel e (Nob an , lo st represente .5) latee th rn di seven - teenth and throughout the eighteenth century. The latest observed date is 1839, at Dunbar. The data assembled in the Appendix may be summarised as follows. Hammermen: crow hammerd nan , with pincer horseshor so e adde signifo dt smithya . Masons: square and compasses, sometimes shown heraldically (e.g. No. 14 at Tranent) sometimed an s wit hmela chiser o l l added. Wrights: agai nsquara compassesd ean , with axe, plane or saw, though possibly the square and compasses alone may sometimes indicat wrighea t rather tha Wooe nmasoncasa e th f th deo n headstonI . t ea Stento nplane hav(Noy th , ema e .3) been used conjunction i , n wit treee hth givo t , e namee plaa th n y.o Butchers: axe, cleave callipersd an r lase th ,t generally hanging chaina f o d . en Millers: e onth mill-rinda iroe th ,n centrfittine millth a t f ga eo - case stoneon e associaten i , d with Millee picks.th n r O 2headston t Tranenea t (No. 22) the mill-rind probably represents a play on the name. Bakers: two 'peels', or shovels, charged with loaves and generally combined with a broom. At Haddington, however conventioe th , n seem havo st e been different five fouth n e o f 'baxters'o rs a , ' stone brooe sth mreplaces i rakea y db ,fifth e whil th ver a ,n eo y late example (1839), a sheaf of corn is substituted for the whole of the traditional assemblage. Maltsters and brewers: again shovel brooms d maltsterse san th t bu , ' shovels differ fro bakerse mth ' t carryinno n i g loaves. Weavers: shuttlea . Tailors: scissor heava d yan s irone th , so-called 'goose'. Shoemakers: the crown and rounding-knife of the Cordiners' Incor- poration. Only one shoemaker is in the record (Tranent, No. 10), and he was also a tanner. Glazier: square, compasse diamond-paned san glazier'f o , t witse ha s imple- ments. Again only one example (Tranent, No. 23). Quaichmaker: compasses, axe scraperd an , again occurring only once. Farmers: figures sowing grai r carryinno g sheaves e ox-yok Th table-toma . n eo t Gifforba d presumably belong farmera o st , 1 Descriptions of these stones are not included in the survey, but they are noted in the Appendix on trade insignia, etc. 2 The relevance of picks to milling is not clear, but the same association can be seen on a panel at 41 Broad Street, Stirling (R.C.A.M., Inventory of Stirlingshire, . 297)p . 2 22 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , ig6o-6l while the crooks at Garvald, Gifford and Haddington likewise suggest shepherds or flockmasters e associatioTh . cleavea f no r wit secone hth thesef d o wha d y an , ma t spindla e b e wit thirde hth difficuls i , explaio t t n unles supposee b t si d that sheep- farming was combined, in the one case, with butchering and in the other with the spinnin e woolth f .go Gardener: spad d rakean e , occurring only once t Spotta , . Quarryman or miner: pick, hammer, wedges and crow-bar, occurring only once, at Pencaitland. Manners: an anchor, often associated with compasses, sextant, cross- staf sounding-lear o f lase cylindricaa th t d- l object bearin longitudinaga l groove. On one wall-monument there appears a full-rigged ship. These maritime emblems appear only in the two Prestonpans graveyards, and rather surprisingly not at Dunbar or North Berwick. Unexplained, both at Pencaitland, are a spoon and the amonn figurma a g f treeseo . 5. Heraldry Arms have been identified, sometimes witepitaphe hele th hth f po r inferreo , d with reasonable confidence followss a , : John Watt 'in Dunpender' impaling 'Harla', 1667 (Bara, No. i); William, 3rd Earl of Dalhousie, impaling Moore (Drogheda), 1682 (Dunbar, No. 13); Sir Alexander Hamilton of Fenton and Lawfield, after 1646 (Dunglass, No. 4); James 'Skirven' (Skirving) of Ploulandhill impaling Rigg, 1644 (Humbie, No. 3); Kentigern Hepburn of Waughton, early sixteenth century (Luff- ness); Forbes, 1639 (Pencaitland, No. i); Andrew Ker of'Holdan' (Holydean), 1724 (Pencaitland . 7);No , Robertson impaling Craig (West Prestonpans . i);No , Seton (ibid., No. 3); Brown impaling an unidentified coat, 1633 (ibid., No. 13); Robert Stewart of Cardonald, 1608 (Seton, No. 5); David Seton, burgess of Edin- burgh, impaling Brand, 1632 (ibid. 6) . unidentifien ;a ,No d coat impaling 'Mortane' (Morton), 1604 (ibid., No. 7); John Seton (ibid., No. 8); George 'Liviston' (Living- stone), 160Fergusod 8an ) (ibid.9 . n (TranentNo , . 'Anderso6) . No , n of Whitburgh impaling Forrester or Hunter, 1685' is supplied from record,1 being now invisible. The so-called Masonic Arms occur three times, at Ormiston (No. 3), at West Prestonpans (No. 5) and at Tranent (No. 14), the last example being dated 1690. Unidentified arm e notear s t Aberlada d y (No , Bolto.7) n (No , Pencaitlan.3) d (No , Prestonpan3) . s Tranentd (Noan ) .4 , 1692 (No d 163. ian )5 (No. 24)e .Th bull's heat Tranena hig9 n ddoubi o 2 n . h s exampl n i trelie a tNo n fo cantinf eo g arms, for Turnbull. . Re-use6 recuttingd an Old tombstones are frequently recut for secondary use, and in such cases their original ownership and date may be difficult or impossible to determine. The employment as headstones of fragmentary medieval monuments has already been mentioned (Dirleton . i; DunbarNo , , Nos. 11, 12; Gullane, Nos 6o t ; .3 Innerwick , No. i); and others, medieval and later, have likewise been re-used though they remain recumben entird an t e (Dunglass, Nos; Gullane3 , . 2 . 2; No Haddington, , No. 4 and probably No. 8). Of these latter the Gullane example is probably the most striking. Among later headstones Nos. 16 at Haddington and 14 and 16 at Tranent 1 Inventory, p. 51. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 223 may be mentioned as examples of the same process. At Pencaitland, again, two large headstone originally ma s) (Nos3A y , 3 hav. e been recumbent alsy oa ma s a , table-tomb at Aberlady (No. i); at Dirleton a bevelled table-tomb has become a headstone (No , whil.9) e another headstone (No ) appear.2 havo st e gone through two previous phases, first as a recumbent slab and then as a bevelled table-tomb. t KeitA h inscribee (Noth ) .2 d wall-monumene paneth f o l clearls i t ypalimpsesta , alss i os recumbena a t sla t Morhaba m (No. 13), thougy h theima phaseo e tw rus f so not differ greatly in date. The discrepancy between the nineteenth-century epitaph e seventeenth-centurth d an y datd decoratio t Tranenan a . ei No n o nt strongly suggest entre cuckoa sth f yo ofteimpossibls w oi t intho i n nest e y d othith sa an ,s o et havy ma e happene case wall-monumentf th e o n di s with renewed inscription panels. Similar discrepancies betwee stylepitape n monumena na th f eo d han seee n ar tn o headstones Nos. 9 and 13 at Haddington, and on table-tombs Nos. 2 and 4 at Aber- lasladyo surfacete tw havine th , th f so g apparently been slightly lowere carro dt e yth new inscription; while discrepancies between scripts in a single epitaph may occur when a badly-weathered date, or other important item, is recut to ensure its preservation (Aberlady, No. 2; Pencaitland, No. 7). Again, where deaths in several successive generations are recorded on a 'family' stone (e.g. Stenton, No. i), it is often necessar scrutiniso yt letterine eth g carefull distinguiso t y h between original and added items. 7. Local Fashions While the art of the monuments is of course derived from outside, it may still be worth while to look at the distribution of some particular details, as these may possibly poin locao t l centre fashiof so workshop o t r no especiaf so l repute facn I . t eight such distinctive features have been noted, and it is probable that closer and more expert study woul ddiscovere leath o dt othersf yo . The first region to which attention is drawn by this kind of evidence is that of Tranent with the two Prestonpans graveyards - the three forming a compact geographical group e positioillustratee b Th .y tablea nma y db . Feature Reference Tranentin Group Reference elsewhere Small size (headstones), Prestonpans, Nos. 2, 3, Aberlady, No. 7; combined with advanced 4; Prestonpans (West), Stenton, No. 2. marginal mouldings. Nos. i, n, 13; Tranent, No. 8. Cherubs with wings fitting Prestonpans, No. 8; Garvald, No. a; closely under chins. Tranent, Nos. , 311920 ., Saltoun. 4 . No , Headstones with lateral Tranent . 24 . No , Dirleton. 7 . No , projection t righsa t angles to planes of surfaces. Women with children's Prestonpans (West), Aberlady. 8 . No , heads under their arms. No. 9. Deid-bell. Tranent . 21.,No Aberlady, Nos. 5 , .4 Styl table-tombsn ei . Tranent, Nos .. 1730 , Pencaitland. 7 . No , 224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l e claiTh m thuy tha advancee sma b t Tranent-Prestonpane th r dfo s regiona s a , possible centre of distribution in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, obtains some support from the fact that stone favoured by architects 'for decorative work' was quarried near Tranent within recent years1; such inspection, however, as has been possible of existing rock-exposures has disclosed material which seems more suitable for building than for sculpture, although it is evident that a great variety of sandstones is to be met with in the area. On the other hand, the 'Preston' quarries that provided stone for Holyrood Palace in 1535~62 clearly have no connection with Prestonpans, as the context shows that they were situated somewhere near South Queensferry. othee Th r distinctive features were eastere noteth n di n countye parth f d o t an , may be connected with Dunbar, or possibly with Innerwick, as their counterparts seem to be with Tranent. Quarries exist near both places.3 A table will again illustrat distributione eth .

Feature Reference Dunbarat Reference elsewhere Wide and elaborately Nos. 8, 10. Innerwick, No. 3; rebated marginal mouldings Prestonkirk, No. 4; on recumbent slabs. Whittingehame, Nos. i, 5.

Headstones with distinctive One example not Innerwick, No. 2, and incurvin gn a sides d an , include description di n several othersame th en si hour-glass placed horizontally of graveyard. graveyard which are not over a skull. included in the description.

Ther e alsear o some ground r supposinfo s g tha gooa t d maso havy nma e been workin t Morhaa g e lateth rn m i seventeent h century. n thai Number 7 t o t 3 s graveyard resembl e anotheon e closelo s r y that then hardlca y e otheb y r than products of the same workshop; while Nos. 8 to 10 are evidently taken from a common prototyp mayd ean vie n i , theif wo r epitaphs (q.v.), represen singlta e order. Again, what may be the Morham influence may perhaps be seen at Garvald, No. 12 lattee th formet e ra th bot2 t . a hr No plactreatin d ean same gdoubla th en i dis eL - tinctive manner. A good quarry, Rentonhall,4 exists within a mile of Morham, though the stone sampled there again seemed more suitable for building than for sculpture.

DESCRIPTION OF MONUMENTS BY PARISHES

Aberlady Parish Church. 47 NE 461798 This graveyard is chiefly notable for its fine table-tombs, of which one certainly and another probably dates from before 1707. (i) The certain example measures Departmen f Scientifio t d Industriaan c l Research. Geological Surve f Greao y t Britain. Wartime Pamphle1 t No. 45; The Mineral Resources of the Lothians, by A. G. Macgregor, p. 19. 2 Masters f Workso Accounts r Buildingfo Repairingd an Royal Palaces andCastleSi . Patoned , i (1957) . 13. pp , 6ff 3 MacGregor. op. cit.. pp. 16 ff. 4 ibid., p. 18. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 225 originally ma d ft.3 an y, y havb . . in ie ft bee 6 nrecumbena tsupports slait s ba e sar t unifor thickness no it d man roundesa variess ha t I d. uppe witd ren h shouldersd an , plaia n marginal band groovedefineo tw y db suppe e . apart3 ^therth d in t en rA e. iskula s l with cross-bones, with MEMENTO MORI lowed an , r dow epitape nth h HEIR LYETH ROBERT / SCOT WHO DEPARTED / THIS LYFE 4 OF APRYLE / 1670. In the lowermost third there is a shield, now blank, dividing the initials R S / M I. (2) The uncertain example is a bevelled and richly decorated table-tomb which, though it is of the type that came into vogue at the end of the seventeenth century t bearye , seriea s f epitapho s obviousln si y Victorian lettering and clearly cut in or after 1871, the date of the last recorded death. The first epitaph, however, commemorates WILLIAM MYLNE FARMER / LOCHMILL, who died in 1700 aged sixty-seven, and as the inscribed surface is very slightly dishe safs i assum o t t edi shaves e thawa t i dt latee dowth rn ni nineteent h century and William Mylne's epitaph recut along with those of his descendants. This slab is alarge one, measuring 6 ft. 8 in. by 3 ft. 5 in.; and so is (3) the Bairnsfather table- tomb well-carvea , d monumen f 1749o t , whic nearls hi . longerin y2 . othee th f ro table-tombo Tw s see havmo t e been re-inscribe same y th ewa n di e Mylnath s e monument f theo me On (4). , which commemorates JANET STRACHAN WIFE OF PETER GUMMING, who died in 1830, must have been shaved dow o takt e nnineteenth-centur th e y inscription e nameth d s an ,hav e evidently been freshened more lately still. This stone is bevelled and has a rounded p witto h very slight trace f shoulderso s s lose whol s e ha it th othet f ) Th o e.(5 r inscription date th e t 1712bu , , presumabl originae yth l bees oneha n, recut. Nos. 4 and 5 may well be products of the same workshop, as the rather unusual feature of a hand holding a 'deid-belP (PL XVI, 4) occurs on both; and a pointer to their plac origif eo perhapy n ma occurrenc e seee th s b n ni thif eo s same . featur21 No n eo at Tranent.1 headstoneso Tw , though bearin legiblo gn e date probable ar , seventeente th f yo h century. One of these (6) has its central panel flanked by two female figures whose outstretched hands meet above to form the top of a frame; these figures wear gowns which open down the centre to show pleated petticoats, as on No. 2 at Bolton, of 1700, and a very similar garment appears on William Seton's monument in Had- dington Church, whic dates hi dsmala 1682s othee i ) lTh .headston(7 r e witha heavily moulded border advanced fro msuna k a manneface n i , r reminiscenf o t Nos. i and 11 at West Prestonpans. It bears, in relief, a shield parted per pale and charged: Dexter, two mullets on a fess, between two lozenges in chief and an axe in base; sinister, a chief cheeky and in base two crescents'. Above the shield are incise flankind initiale an , dth loweB s git sT r. parA M t The reredos-monument (8) noted by the R.C.A.M.2 bears a suspicious appearance of having bee t togethe nfragmentpu f o t rou othef so r monuments carvinge Th . e sar badly weathered e figur womaa th f t o e bu , n wit hchila d unde- un r s i eithe m ar r mistakabl strongld ean t Wesya recall9 t. Prestonpans.No s 3 Most probably both

For illustration see Reid (C), fig. 5 on p. 145. " Inventory, No. 2. 1 3 For illustration, see Reid (A), fig. 12 on p. 33. 226 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, Ig6o-6l pieces came fro same mth e workshop theid an , r similarity provide t anothesye r link between this graveyard and the region of Tranent and Prestonpans. ist December 1957, 22nd June and I3th December 1959 Athelstanrford Parish 53277 W Church.N 7 5 3 This graveyard contains only two monuments legibly dated to before 1707, both of which are headstones, (i) The first commemorates WILLIAM HERIOT, who died in 1693, and MARGRET HERIOT, both children of W H and M S. (2) On the second nothing significant can be read beyond the date 1699 and the surname-initial G. At the top of the inscribed face a hand holding an axe is shown in high relief d belo an e epitap, wth ha squar d compassean e a shield e n so Th . person commemorated was evidently a wright. There are a few large and well-carved eighteenth-century headstones, one of which (3) has lost its upper part but still bears, in high relief, the remains of a male and a female figure. The former represents a sower, and the latter holds what staffa seeme b . o st An interesting featur thif eo s graveyar piece th f decorativs dei o e ironwork that spans the open end of the burial-enclosure of the Rev. Robert Blair, who was ministe Athelstaneforf o r d from 1731 unti deats hi l n I746.hi t showI 1 initiale th s s R M R B, for Reverend Mr Robert Blair, with the date 1746, placed within a frame of spirals and flanked by further spirals on either side (PL XX, 3). y 1958Ma ^ h 22n4t d November 1959 Bam, Parishd Ol Churchyard. 55870E S 7 5 6 After the union of the parishes of Garvald and Bara in 1702, Bara Church continue alternatn di wite eus h Garvald until 174 r 17443o , whe t n'felli into dis- repair', and by 1794 it was ruinous.2 It has now completely disappeared, and its site, together with the graveyard, is planted with trees. The following stones were noted. (itable-tomA ) . 2^ft b in.3 measurin y , b unbevelled . . nin ft g5 witd an ,ha roll-moulding roun edgee ddecorations th It . , whic relien i s ht leasi fa . hightin if , consists of a skull and cross-bones in the upper part and a shield, set within scroll- work, rather belo centree w th shiele Th .partes di r palchargedd dpe e an : Dexter, oak-tren a mounta n eo chie n i crescents,o tw f ; sinister bendletso tw , betweena 3 cross-crosslet in dexter base and another in sinister chief. Below the shield is the inscription HERE LYES MARGRIT HARLA [? SPOUS] / TO IOHN WAT IN DUN[PE]ND[ER W]HO / DEPAI[R]TED THIS LYF THE 28 / OF MAYE 1667 AND OF HER / A[G]E [?6]6. It is interesting to see that at this date a tenant-farmer's family might not only bear coat-armour but also be able to afford a monument which, heighe relief-carvinge vien th th i f f wo o t , cannot have been other than costly. (2) A table-tomb measuring 5 ft. 9 in. by 2 ft. 10 in. and having

1 Fasti, i, p. 354. 2 Stat. Acct., xm (1794), p. 353 n. This charge, whic representes hi narroo stone tw th y web n do ridge s wit wideha r channel between them3, might possibl intendee yb bena r ddfo coticed. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 227 cavetto-moulded marginaedgea d san l epitaphe rollTh . tope , whicth , t reada s hi s HERE LYTH PATRICK DICKSO[N O DEPARTEWH / ] D THIS LIF/ E JANUARY 7 DAY 1659 /JEAN BARTREM HIS / SPOUS WHO DEPARTED / THIS LIFe / MARCH 21 dA[Y] 1689. The wife's epitaph seems to be less well cut than the husband's, and in addition contains two letters in Roman script, as shown, and one capital (A in dA[Y]) which is smaller than the rest; it is therefore very probabl additionn ya mighs a , expectee b t muce vien dth i f who later datf eo her death. In the centre of the stone is a monogram of P D I B, in relief which is so slight that this might also be an addition, and, below, emblems of mortality. The high relief of a cherub which appears at the bottom prompts a comparison with . i abovetable-tomNo A ) (3 . in.3 . ,b ft wit measurin3 y hroll-mouldea b . in . i ft g6 d and slightly overhanging margin. The upper end is rounded and shouldered, repro- ducing the outline of a Classical niche. An inscription in Roman lettering at the upper end commemorates WILLIAM COCKBURNE, who died in 1698 aged sixty-nine. Lower down ther secondare ear y epitaph eighteenth-centurf so y date. e otheTh r surviving memorial latee sar r recordede thab y n ma 1707 t ; thebu , y followss a e ar . (4bevelleA ) d table-tomb heavily ornamente relien di siden endso fd e san Th . inscription, which is in Italic lettering and runs lengthways along the N. side of the flat surface, commemorates HENRY HARDIE FARMER IN MORHAM, who died in 1708 aged thirty-two. The initials H H appear on a cartouche at the west end. (5) Another bevelled table-tomb, of unusually large size (7 ft. by 3 ft. 6 in.). It resemble closelo s 4 decoration . yi sNo arrangemend nan safely ma yo ttw thae th t be take s exemplifyina n a singlg e pattern e epitapTh . h commemorates IAMES WITHERSPOON FARME WALDINN RI dieo n 171di wh , 1 aged sixty-twoA . cartouche at the west end bears the initials J W. (6) A headstone, with a rounded and shouldered top but no superficial decoration, which commemorates two persons both of whom died in 1711. Nothing beyond this date can be read in the case of the second, but the first was GRIZEL HOWDEN, daughter of ALEXANDER / HOWDEN AND AGNES SINCLAIR FER/MER IN LINPLUM AGED 9 YEARS. e graveyarTh d also contain caira s n commemoratin Jubilee gth f 1887eo d an , restinstoneo slendea tw f thin o e sgo ar s r bell-shape f unequao , l sizhavind an e g their bottoms flattene mako t d e them stand upright n theiI . r tops were onct ese iron handles or rings, now wasted away. These objects may once have served as door-stop churche th n si . d 1 Apri1h t an t is l 1959 Bolton Parish Church. 57 SW 507701 followine Th g stones were note thin di s graveyard orden i , r from wes easto t t . recumbent(islaw A ) bno doubo n t tbu , originall ytable-tomba surfacs it s a , e is faceted and bears the decoration characteristic of this type of monument. It measures 6 ft. 10 in. by 3 ft. 4 in. and its facets, which are wide and steep, leave a level strip in the centre which is only 7 in. wide. The epitaph is cut right across the 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l upper end, from edgt lengthway no edgeo e t d an , s alon flae gth t portion bees ha nt i ; e see b o damage commemoratt ne splittinn e th surfaceca th y t f b do gbu , e PATRIC[K] BEG[BIE], who died in 1684 aged eighty-six, and his wife M[A]RGARET [SJHIEL, who died in 1696. Another, presumably later, inscrip- e foo s illegibleth tioi t t a ne datTh e. 169 s earl6i r slabyfo f thi o s s s it type d an , earlines accouny sma e mannee tth botth r r fo hfo whicn d i r epitapan e t hth cu s hi comparatively restrained characte e decorationth f o headstonrA ) (2 . e whics hi noteworthy as possessing a human figure carved in relief on either face. The figure on the east (PI. XVII, i) is male, and wears a long coat, with cuffs, over baggy breeches. Puffs of hair on the sides of the head suggest a wig. It is associated with the insigni masoa f wrighao d nan t- compasses , square, mell, cylindricaplana d ean l objec reemason'e a f th o l t e whicb sy linehma . Belo panea ws i l containing whae ar t probably pious verses wese figure th tTh .n (PIeo . XVII females i ) ,2 weart i ; shortsa , pleated skirt and over this a long, belted gown, with cuffs, which is open down the front and has its lower corners sloped away. The hair is puffed out at the sides of heade th righe th ; t hand hold lefe skulla th tsbona d .ean Below this figure th s i e epitaph, which commemorates TWO CHILDRIN / SON AND DAUGHTRE / TO THOMAS T(R)OTER, later naming them as IAMES and MARGRAT and spelling the surname correctly as TROTER. The former died in 1700, aged thir- lattee th teen 1698n d ri an , , aged recumbenthreeA ) (3 . t slab measurin. in 7 . ft g5 by 2 ft. ii in. and showing a plain marginal band defined by two grooves. In the centre ther a shield s i e , from whic e chargeth h s have wasted away, dividino gtw pairs of initials, I L / M L. Above the shield is the date 1639. (4) A very large recumbent slab (6 ft. 5 in. by 3 ft. 8 in.) showing a marginal inscription in a border define groovesy e centrb d th a shiel s n i eI d .d an bearinS A initiale / th gB sW dividing other set initialf so whicf so uppermoso h tw onl e yth t pairsn ,ca bot, B hI be read, together with D E below the lower I. An inscription above the shield is also partly wasted, but it can be seen to commemorate WILLIAM BAGBIE, husband of ALLISON SHIEL dieo n 165dwh i , 4 aged fifty-three. Belo e shiela w th e dar skull and cross-bones. The marginal inscription, though running continuously round from the top dexter coner, evidently represents a rhyming couplet; it reads O MAN IN MYND REMEMBER THOV AN[D] M[?WR]NE NAIKI NAIKID T RETVRNEAN L THO TSA M WCO . (5smalA ) l headstone wit ha bilobat risinp eto g from square shoulderse on n O . side appear mason's insignia dividing the initials I L / H D, with the date 1677 below s closIt . e proximit e nexth t o t y(No ) suggest 6 . stany r ma d fo s L thae th t LILLY, but the only legible name in the inscription, which is on the other face, is SPENCE ) Thi(6 .s headstone, curvea whic s t flattene ha smals h i dbu d an l d top, is almost certainly of the seventeenth century though no date appears on the portion now above ground t commemorateI . s ROBERT e inscriptioLILLYth d an , s i n interrupted by a weaver's shuttle carved in relief and dividing the initials H F. On the other face are the initials R L / H F over a skull and cross-bones. (7) A large headstone wit ha rounde crossep a transversto d y b d e groove t commemorateI . s IOHN AITCHI/SON wifs hi ,e AGNES SHIEL and thei ROBERTn so r e th t A . GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 22g top appears the date 1692. (8) The detached top of a very small headstone, showing dat o t almosn ebu t certainl seventeente th f yo h century apee Th x. bear transverssa e groove, evidently intended to accord with the decorative scheme which comprises a pair of round-headed niches. 2nd and 7th June 1958, 6th September 1959 Dirleton Parish Church. 58 SW 512842 The following stones were noted in this graveyard. (i) A broken stump, probably parmedievaa f o t l grave-cover t uprighse w tno , lik headstoneea t measureI . . ft s2 thicknessn i . in 9 widtn i s face heightn it d i . ; . in han , in 2 whic . ,3 ft i wels hi l squared, bears a rectangular panel, defined by a shallow groove, which is 12 in. wid mory eb e . highthain lowes n8 it , r portion being unde grounde e th rth n I . uppe panere parth incisee f th lmado e t b dn eletter ca out e bace D th f sI .Th k o stone is rather rough and may have been battered. (2) Part of what was originally a recumbent slab, probabl f seventeenth-centuryo y date, later re-use a table s da - tomb with bevelle ornamented dan t dowcu fordo nt w edgem a no ends d d san an , headstone inscriptioo N . n belongin lateo tw r e eitheseeno e phasegt b th f n ,o r ca s but the west face bears some remains of the original marginal inscription, in large capitals, now badly wasted and partly cut away. This enclosed a panel, the upper par f whico t h contain furthea s r inscriptio lowee th d r parnan skula tcrossd an l - bones very crudely incised. Only a few isolated letters of either inscription are legible. (3) A large slab (6 ft. by 3 ft. 4 in. by 7 in.) evidently intended for a recumbent leaninpositiow no t gn bu agains soute th t hchurche walth f lo t commemorateI . s ALLEX/ANDER NICOLSONE / SPOWS TO HELLEN HALIBRVNTONE who died on 3rd April 1667. The initials P P and M N follow, probably represent- a daughte g in d son-in-lawan r largA . e spac s beeeha n left empt f letterinyo n gi o receiv t e centre stonef i th th s f ea o e , some design whic s nevehwa r executed. (4) A recumbent slab measuring 6 ft. 2 in. by 3 ft. 3 in. and commemorating, in a Latin inscription, HUGO / ACHESON QUONDAM MARITUS HELEN [?AE] / NUCOLSON, who died in 1672. An English inscription below was evidently added 1735n lowei e Th . slare parth b f bearto decorativsa e assemblag reliefn ei - emblems of mortality with MEMENTO MOR ribboa n o I n- whic h divide date d th sean initials 1672 / H A / H N. (5) A large recumbent slab (6 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. 9 in.) now broken in two and with its corners damaged and part of its sinister side missing. Round its margin runs a Latin epitaph of which the final word is in Greek1; it is carve n i capitad l letterd readsan s : [HIC] IACET HELEN. [A . . ] [FER]GVSS[O]N D[IR]LTONII PRAETOR[IS] QVAE OBIIT 14 IVLII AN[NO] . .GVLIEL(MVS. ) EORVM FILIVS QVI MAII 1651 AET(ATIS SVAE) 13 ETAd>[H]. The long break that follows HELEN[A] no doubt contained r surnamhe e followe VXOy db r MARITRo r husband'he d Aan s Christian name; while the break following AN [NO], which is at a corner, presumably contained a

1 The introduction of a single Greek word into a Latin inscription has been noted on two tombstones in Edinburgh (R.C.A.M., The City of Edinburgh, pp. 62, 139). The same practice is sometimes found in contemporary book-dedications. 230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l monte th f o h y appearda o N s . beforET dated MAIIean , perhaps becausd ha t ei been forgotte time th ey thab nslae th tb carvedcame b e meanino et Th e . th f go whole inscriptio thun restorede nca sb conjecturall 'Hers ya e lies Hele , wif. f . no e. . . . Fergusson, bailie of Dirleton, who died on i/jth July in the year . . ., and 1 William1651y Ma , . age. . , buriedtheie s thirteen.th wa r n do sono spac e wh , Th 'e enclosed within the epitaphs contains, in its upper part, what seems to be a copy of Latin verses made b , thougw e outno n ;h ca Roma n thi littli t i s si f eo n letterint gbu is probably contemporary wit epitaphe hth . Below ther anothers ei , equally illegible, inscriptio ne foosecondarye b th whic t y t a appear hma d e mottan ; th s o FNQ0I EEAYTON ('Know thyself e samth en i )letterin e epitaph th s thaA ga f ) o t (6 . wese th graveyardte n headstoni walth t f o se l w eno , bearing pediments it n i , e th , e maiinitialTh nmarriea . f inscriptioD so M d d couple an badls n i L P y, wasted but it commemorates the wife, MARGRET, who died in 1700, while the husband's surname, LINDSAY, can also be made out. (7) Another headstone, built into the same wall, showing suc hmarkea d resemblanct Tranent,a 4 2 . No 2 o especiallet n yi projectioe th laterae th f no l pilasters, tha supposee tb boty h ma hav o dt e come from same th e workshop e ston Th t Tranen.ea dates i t d headston A 1635 ) (8 . e witha bilobate top, which stands neae easterth r n boundary-wall t I commemorate. s ALE[X]/ANDER REID MESON B[URG]ES OF HADD[IN]GTOUN, who die n 1706i d . Abov e inscriptioth e n ther e carve ar ehando tw d n higi s h relief, one holding a mell and the other a chisel, and in the act of striking a blow. Below the compassee mar reliefsquara w abovd d lo initial e an dexte,san e n e i th eth e sron havR A e been.incised large e otheTh . r face shows half-shafts, withou lintela t , flanking a cherub and funerary emblems. Later monuments of some interest are (9) part of a table-tomb re-used in the above2 . No ; s a (10wall-monumene sam y th ) ewa t recorde R.C.A.M.e th y db s a 3 ease th tse churchn e gabli t th f reredos-monumento eo tw ; s (n, 12) dated respectively 1757 and 1813; and several good eighteenth-century headstones and a richly decorated, bevelled slab table-tomba doubo f n , o p t to onc e eth . 4th May, I2th August 1958, gth August 1959 Dunbar Parish Church. 67 NE 681786 Of the monuments noted below, Nos. i to 5 are south of the church and Nos. 6 and 7 south-west of it, i.e. west of a path which runs parallel to the western boundary- wall of the graveyard; Nos. 8 to 14 are west or north-west of the church, Nos. 13 and 14 being wall-monuments on the western boundary-wall. Nos. 4 and 5 are probably later than 1707. (irecumbenA ) t slab, spliverd an ty badly weathered t legiblbu , y commemorating IAM/[ES] SMITH, who died in 1627 aged forty-one. The next lines are illegible, but a later epitaph mentions someone's, though clearly not this James's, SONE BAYLIE IAMES SM[ITH] dieo n 171dwh i , 2 aged seventy-one, (aA ) recumbent slab which, though heavily damaged, shows the date i6[?]3- (3) A head-

1 This presumably implies that Fergusson was baron-bailie for the superior.

Illustrated in P.S.A.S., xci (1957-8), PI. I. Inventory, No. 25.

2 3 GRAVEYARD MONUMENT EASN I S T LOTHIAN 231 stone wit hsimpla y shape inscribep dto d HEIR LYES WILLIAM MAC/KRIE FLESHE / BURGE D RAN DUMBAF SO DEPAIRTEO WH R / D THIS / LYF E THE 17 OF OCT/TOBER 1704 AND OF HIS AGE 65. On the other face, betwee hour-glasn na s placed sideway skulla d ,an s ther reliea s ei f shield incised wit n axea h , a cleavea pai f callipersd o r an r s mentionei . n Thima s d inci- dentall indictmenn a n yi r witchcraffo t plaiA n I688.) i tn (4 headston e wita h

squared top, bearin glona g1 inscription muc whicf ho obscures hi hary db d lichen. Al reae referenca lb s dthai n ca t IAMEo t e S YOUNGER SHIP/MASTEN RI AIRTH, who died abroad at a date which may be 1737, but it is uncertain whether e onlth ys i perso e h n commemorated interestins i t I . recalo gt l that a Airt s hwa flourishing seaport at this time.2 (5) A recumbent slab with widely bevelled edges, bearing the epitaph of a husband in its upper and of a wife in its lower portion. The lower epitaph, being earlier than the upper and in a different script, must have been cut first and the upper part of the stone left temporarily blank. The husband was WILLIAM MARTIN, farme Easn i r t Barns dieo n 172di wh , 9 aged seventy-six; wife th e r epitapdie he 170n di d h4an deserve quotee b o st full n di : HERE LYES INTERRE CORPE D Y / JENNE F SO T DEANS/ LOVING TO HUSBAND OBLEEDGING TO HER FREND[S] / ALACE SHORT WHILE ON EARTH SHE DID REMAIN / GODLR HE Y LIF S FREEEHI D HIR FRO PAIL MAL N/ SPOUSE CHILDRE / DEAT R NHE H FRIEND T DEPLORNO E SDO E/ SOUR HE L ENJOYS HEVENS ETERNAL GLORE/ DIEE F APRIE 1O 9SH D. TH 47 L T 170A / 4 (6) A plain headstone with a squared top, resembling No. 4. It commemorates IAME [W]HY SHA O / LIVE EASDN I T LINK died Sn 1696an di , aged (probably) seventy-two wifs hi ; e BESIE SKEAD dieo n 170 di wh t ,s whos i 2bu e eag lost; and MARY HILL, all of whose details are illegible. On the other face there half-shafte ar cornicea d an s , framing funerary emblems smalA ) (7 l .headston t ese agains reture boundary-wale th tth f no l nea south-westere th r n cornegravee th f o r- yard. It commemorates IOHNE / DASONE IN BROVM/HOWSE, who died in 1674 aged either thirty-two or eighty-two. (8) A recumbent slab of red sandstone measuring 6 ft. 3 in. by 2 ft. 11 in. but now lacking its corners. It is notable for the elaboratio breadtd marginas nan it f ho l mouldin hollo d rola gan - l w . widi\in e overall, the hollow being triply rebated, 3 in. deep, and provided with a hole for drainage e inscriptioTh . s perished e resemblancnha th t bu e mouldin, th f o e o gt that on No. 5 at Whittingehame suggests a common place of origin and an approxi- mately similar date for both, the Whittingehame example being of 1668. (9) A recumbent slab measuring 6 ft. 9 in. by 3 ft. 3 in. and commemorating IOHENE / REID MERCHAND BVR/GES OF DUMBAR, who died in 1656 aged fifty-six. (10 recumbenA ) in.8 . t ,sla ft wit2 b y h wida measurinb . ein roll-and-hollo4 . ft g6 w moulding. A first epitaph, in small capitals, commemorates IOEHNE

1 R.P.C., 1686-9, P- 248- 2 Macfarlane, Geographical Collections relating to Scotland, S.H.S., i, p. 327. Cf. also R.C.A.M., Inventory of Stirlingshire, . 557No . 232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l FERGV/SONE MESONNE [i.e. mason] BVRGI DUMBAREIN S/ diedwho , 167n i 7 aged sixty-six secona d an ,d one Roman i , n lettering wifs hi , e MARIONE BAIRNS/FATHER, who died in 1707 aged seventy-six, (n, 12) These two stones, now standing erect as headstones (PI. XV, 4), are the broken halves of a medieval recumbent slab. When entire t bori , eCalvara y plai a cros d nsan marginal band, bot incisen hi d southerlinee Th . n stone (i i)whicn o ,crose base th hth f s e o appear s upside down standw hig. carrieno d ,ft sh2 an secondaro sn y inscription northere ;th n one (12) stand . highein showd s6 an rdate th s e 1604 divide uppee th y drb limf bo initiale th cros e divideP uppee d th sI th an s y shaftre db parth f . o t Comparison with Nos. 2 and 3 at Dunglass Collegiate Church suggests that, as first re-used in 1604, the slab was probably still in one piece and recumbent, and that it has been broke d turnean n d intgrave-markero otw t soma s e subsequent time. (13 finA ) e wall-monument, backed agains westere th t n boundary-wall portioa , whicf no s hha been raised to hold it, at a point opposite the north aisle of the church. It takes the form of a Classical assemblage (PI. XVIII, i) of two engaged Ionic columns, an entablatur n inscribea d an e d panel belo n archewa d moulding l restinal a , n go pedestal which turnn i , , bears funerary emblems e presenTh . t heigh abous i t t . 11ft 8 in., but would originally have been greater if a finial was present; the breadth along the pedestal top is 7 ft. 10 in., but the greatest breadth, over two scrolled trusses at a higher level, is 9 ft. 7 in. The surfaces against which the columns are set e decoratear d with trophies f spearsmado p eu , banners, sword musketsd an s d an , centrae th l panel shows, withi arches nit d upper portion angen a , l blowin gtrumpea t from which issue the words OMNIBVS AD IVDICIVM [?AD]V[?E]NIANDVM ('AlT ES l must come Judgment')o t 1 , sinistee whilth n ei r spandre worde th e s ar l MORS IANVA VITAE ('Deat gate panelife')e f th e bod eo s th hi Th f y.lo carries a long inscriptio f whico n e onlth hy significant words remaining legible ar e WILLIAM / EARLE OF DALHO . . . There has been another inscription, now illegible centrae th n o ,l portioadvances friezee it th d f nan o ; d portions, above eth columns, contain recessesn i , , winged male heads with curled ringlet d deepan s , tasselled collars. The cornice is heavily moulded, and the pediment is almost filled b yshielda , with hel mantlingd man , whic partes hi palr chargedd dpe e an : Dexter, eagln a e displayed; sinister, three indeterminate oblong objects e eagleTh . , taken wit legible hth e wordepitaphe th f so , suggests thamonumene th t t commemorates either the third or the fifth Earl of Dalhousie, both named William, who died respectivel e wingee collar n 168th i yth d 1711 t n an 2o s dbu , heads weighe th t evidenc favoun earliee ei th f o rr date thin O s. assumption face vien th i t f wd o an , that the third Earl married Mary Moore, second daughter of the first Earl of Drogh- edasinistee th , r charges coul explainee db blanks da s prepare e carvinth r f dfo go three Moors' heads - an understandable error on the part of a Scots craftsman - but were left uncarved when it was realised that the Earl of Drogheda bore not Moors' head t thresbu e mullet chief.a n so 2 (14) Another good wall-monument Renaisf o , - assumptioe th n 1O n thadefective th t e wors ADVENIANDVMwa d s restored a ,erron i r t fo r cu , ADVENIENDVM. I am indebted for this suggestion to Sir Thomas Innes of Learney, K.C.V.O., LL.D., Lord Lyon King of Arms2 . GRAVEYARD MONUMENT EASN 3 I S 23 T LOTHIAN sance type (PL XVIII, 3), set a short distance north of the last. It is evidently of seventeenth-century date, and comprises two niches, containing inscribed panels, and inscriben a d entablature whole Th . e greatesmeasuren i . in 9 t . heighsn ft i 1. 8 0ft y tb breadth. The niches have flat-arched heads supported on moulded columns which e rectangulaar e decorate section ar i r d an nthein do r outer faces with small rectangular raised panels. The inscribed panels within the niches are of later date than the rest of the monument, as they commemorate members of the Purves family who died between 1783 and 1953. Above the cornice, which is deep and strongly moulded, there is a frieze of which the ends are advanced and decorated with funerary emblems ; it is also divided in two by the remains of a central advanced block, now partly missing, a panel for inscription being thus left over each niche. The name IOHANNEM IAMISONVM appearinscribee th f o largn i sp dto e e letterth t a s space wore on eacn , do h panel; below IOHANNEM dextee th n ro , panel, there follows smallen i , r letters, CHARISSIMVM SVVM / MARITV M AMORI/ T SE HONORIS ERGO HOC CIP/PO EXORNANDVM CVRAVIT /, and below IAMISONVM, on the sinister one, FIDISSIMA / EIVS CONIUNX / MARGARET PVRVESIA. The epitaph, read as a whole, may thus be translated 'His most faithful wife, Margaret Purves, had her very dear husband, John Jamison, commemorate y thib d s monument r lovd honour.fo ,an e e pedimentTh ' , whics i h ogival in shape and moulded, and has a shallow hollow at its apex, is poorly pre- stones it bees f o ha s ne servereplacedon d dan inscriptione th ; , whic weatheres hi d and also partly obscured by mortar, reads [SEPJTEM [BJONA VIR CIVIS MA[R]/[I]TVS VICINVS SOCIVS MERC/ATOR PRAETOR AT IDEM ('Seven good things — man, citizen, husband, neighbour, companion, merchant, bailie - but the same person'). This graveyard also contain sarcophagusa s unusuaan , l typ monumeneof in t East Lothian. ist March, I4thjune, nth July, i3th September 1959 Dunglass Collegiate Church. 77 SE 766719 Let into the pavement of the north transept of this church are five slabs which, in spite of their position inside the building, fall to be described here as they are of types which are met with equally in the graveyards. They are as follows, (i) A broken slab with a damaged inscription which now appears as HEARE LYES / D(AME) BARBARA / LESL[I]E SPUS / TO S(IR) IOHN RW /. . . HIN /. . . 1672G D . Dame Barbardaughtee th s aAlexanderwa f o r , Earr f Levenhe o l d an ,

husband was Sir John Ruthven, who acquired Dunglass in I&44. () A re-used 2

medieval slab 6 ft. 3 in. long and tapering in width from 2 ft. 4 in. 1 to 2 ft. i in. It bears a Calvary cross and a plain marginal band, both in incised line. The date 1592 has been incised above the cross, and the initials G H / G H flanking the head. Figure letterd san large clumsyd sar Hamilto o ean n s A . n wit initiae hth appearG l s to have die t thida s time possibly e slath ,bma y commemorate George Homf eo Spott, who was murdered in isgi. (3) A re-used Calvary cross-slab similar to the

2 R.M.S.,1 1634-51, Nos. 1399, 1504. Hamilton, G. HistoryA , of the House of Hamilton, . 175p . 234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l last, but untapered and measuring 2 ft. 10 in. in breadth throughout. It was probabl . lonyin gabou9 . beforbrokens ft 6 tlowewa s e dat eit d Th e.ren 1607 appears abov H initial e abov e sinisteA th crose / eth d eth D s an s r limb. These evidently refe someono t r e wit title husband' ha Damef th e f o i t ,bu s, initials? for? e / th m S n ,i were ever cut above the dexter limb no trace of them now survives. The initials suggest Alison, daughter of Alexander Home of Manderston and wife of Sir Alex- ander 'Hamilto Ballencriefff no r deathdate he th t et fi doe, bu t ,whic sno h occurred in 1591-2.1 In style the letters and figures resemble those on No. 2, and a comparison alsy made ob ma e with Nos t 1d Dunbar.2a n slaan A ) b (4 measurin. . in . i ft g6 by 3 ft. i in., the upper sinister corner of which has been repaired. The main inscription, which runs round the margin, is largely illegible, but the name ALEXANDER HAMILTON[?IVS] can be read and also the date of his death, i6[?5]6. In the upper part there is a shield charged: A fess cheeky between three roses in chief and a [? rose] in base; these are presumably the arms of Sir Alexander Hamilton of Fenton and Lawfield, the date of whose death is not recorded but who alivs wa n i646.ei 2 Belo shiele wth d therillegibln a s ei e inscription heavilA ) (5 .y damage generalls i d t slaI . . b1 0ft in measuriny 2 simila y laste b th . . 1,o 1ft in t r g5 having born marginaea l epitaph inscriptioshieldn a ,a d an , n belo shielde wth . Only the following words, in the sinister margin, now remain legible: [?D]E MANDERSTON[?E] EQUITIS AVRATI SPON[SA] . . . [HJAMILTONI DE . . . [LJAVFEILD O[B]IIT 17 MARTII ANNO .... This slab evidently commemorates Isobel, daughter of Sir George Home of Manderston and wife of Sir Alexander Hamilton of Fenton and Lawfield, as above. addition I nortstonee e th th ho n nst i transept othero tw , s remai choire th n n.i e centre floo th th a s parsla i f rn f i o ebo tt commemoratin(6Se ) calley bo dga IAMES TO/[?], presumably [SON TO] ROBERT / [?], who died in 1691 aged three. (7) Standing against a wall is part of a slab or panel commemorating ROBERT SIMPSONE, who died in 1663. loth July 1959 Garvald Barad an Parish Church, Garvald.59070E S 7 5 9 Onl stone y on thin ei s graveyar legibls di y date beforo dt e 1707 headstona , e (i) commemorating someone whose nam describes i illegibls o ei wh HUSBANt s da e bu D AGNEO T S [DI]CK[S]ON diee H 170.n d i 2 aged sixty-three. illegiblSome th f eo e headstones, however, are pretty certainly older than 1707, and one of them (2) can be provisionally assigned to the turn of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as its lettering is distinctive and exactly comparable with that of No. 12 at Morham whic dates hi stoneso d tw 1703 facte n i , Th ,. almost certainly hav commoea n origin. A further link with Morham may perhaps be seen in the use of flat, fluted pilasters, and one with Tranent in the cherub-heads with wings fitting closely under the chin. The stone commemorates IOHN WILLIAM / & BESS[IE] WADDELS CHILDREN /TO ... WADDEL IN GAR[VALD]. Below the inscription is a monogram of the letters C A W, and on the other face a male figure dressed in a long coat. 1 Hamilto cit.. 495. op ,p , .n G. 2 ibid. 499. ,p . GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 235 reredos-monumena notee ) Alsb (3 o os t di sandstond re f o t e which really represent vera s y large headstone backed masonry b formerld yan y toppe finiala y db . Its height is 5 ft. 11 in., measured from the top of the masonry pedestal to the base of the vanished finial; and it differs from some of these monuments in that the masonry backing conforms wit workeshape e hth th t merel f eo no ds i slab ya d an , piece of walling in which the latter is set. The decoration is of the usual Classical type, with pilaster ogivan a d lsan pediment date th 1748s ei d an ,. In conclusion, it may be remarked that the sundial on the south wall of the t beechurcno ns correctlhha y recorde R.C.A.M.e th y db e correcTh 1 t readinf go inscriptioe th s GEORni FECIA GFA T/ ANN O 1633. Though Faa f whic,o h Falld othe an commonls i , w r formFa e ar sy though Romana s a f o t yt nameno s i t i ,

in fact peculiar to the gypsies.' ^ December ^g. 6th September 1959 Gifford Church See Yester Parish Church, Gifford. Gladsmuir Parish Church. 47 SE 458733 This parish was not formed until i6g5,3 and only one of the tombstones is likely to be older than 1707. This is (i) a large headstone so placed against the wall of the ruined church tha inscribes it t d fac inaccessibles i e e exposeTh . d face bears, along with well-executed emblems of mortality, a smith's hammer and pincers flanking a cross d crowstone e edge an cavettoedth e Th f b .ear n so or toppe n a y .d b Thers ei well-buile (2on ) t reredos-monument, dated 1771 severad an ; l faceted slabs originally belonging to table-tombs, all of them illegible. e siteTh marked 'Gladsmuir Kirk' (460715), near Hodges chapea s thai ,f o t l built in 1650 to serve areas disjoined from Aberlady and Haddington parishes.4 It seems to have disappeared before 1836,5 and there are now no remains of either structure or memorials. , T. , 22nd NovembeT r 1959 Gullane, Old Parish Church. 48 SE 480826 e followinTh g stone f earlieo s r date than 1707 were e graveyardnoteth n i d . (ismalA ) l disk-headed cross, apparently intende stano dt d wit heas hit d just clear of the ground but now somewhat earthed up (PI. XV, i). The decoration, identical on both faces, consists of an equal-armed cross, each limb of which is formed by two parallel ridges, raised fro msuna k fielseparated dan groovea y d b margi e e th , th f no disk being defined by a slighter ridge. The ends of the upper and lateral arms project slightly beyon circumference dth diske measures th A f .ease o th t n facedo , whicbettee th s hi r preserved croswidte e th th , f sh o ove projectione th r s 12si ^ in., the diameter of the disk nj in., the thickness over the marginal ridges 4! in., and the breadth of the limbs <2\ in. The neck, formed by the junction of the disk with the pedestal . abov in s i i ,lowermose eth . wide in 8 .s i tNotrine d pointh g an -n o t withstanding the resemblance of this stone to a series which goes back to the tenth

1 Inventory, p. 30. 2 Surnames, p. 250. 3 Stat. Acct., vn (1793), p. 316. 4 N.S.A., ii (Haddington) . 173p , . 5 ibid. 6 23 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , 1960-61 or eleventh century,1 it is unlikely to be older than the church, which dates from the later twelfth century rathea mors e a th o r es 2- similar stone preservew e no , th n do site of St Andrew's Church, North Berwick, most probably came from the twelfth- century Cistercian convent there.3 (2) A slab measuring 4 ft. 9 in. by i ft. n in., now raised clear of the ground on low supports though no doubt originally recumbent t bearI grave . th a Calvars3) n e , o (PIXV .y cros f ratheo s r stocky proportions havind an g broadish, square-ended limbs, features which f suggeso e b y t thama t i t early, and perhaps of twelfth-century, date; but the cross has been partially des- troyed through the adaptation of the slab to contemporary fashions in the seventeenth century. In this process the original surface was lowered round the margins and across the upper end to provide space for an inscription, now illegible apart from the date 1678, and the upper limb of the cross was removed. Four pairs of initials have also been added lower down, each pair being divideshafe th f o ty db e crosth s -IT/GT/IC/T[?F] e uppeTh ) r (3 portio. n omedievaa f l grave- cover, now set up on end and standing i ft. 9 in. above the ground. It tapers slightly fro mgreatesa t bee widtno ns 13f dresse . thickhha o backe ^in d th in.5 n an ,s .d i ,o Two inches in from the edges the surface bears a marginal groove, which originally returned acros enclosee ende th sth d ,an d space show Maltesa s erelie w croslo fn si within an incised ring and, below this, a pair of shears (dexter) and a spearhead (sinister). The decoration suggests a date in the thirteenth century. (4) Part of another medieval grave-cover, now set up on end as a marker and standing 2 ft. 11 in. high. It is 14 in. wide over roll-mouldings about 3 in. wide, and g| in. thick. (5) Two fragments of medieval grave-covers with wide chamfers, likewise set up as grave-markers.4 (6) A block, evidently broken out of a grave-cover, which measures 12 in. in height, 17 in. in breadth and up to 10 in. in thickness. The worked face shows pronounced lateral moulding se sun andth kn o surfac, e between thema , cross with equal, expanded arms within a ring i o J in. in diameter, all in relief. These features seem to have been part of a repeating pattern, as the bottom of the ring is joined, by a short member 2 in. wide, to what was evidently the top of a similar onerese whichf th o t, t survivei f i , t allsa undes i , sode th r . Among later monuments in the graveyard may be mentioned several good eighteenth-century headstones decorated with the usual Classical ornament; one (7) bears a mason's insignia, another (8) a wright's, and a third (9) a tailor's. Several rough fragments of stone (i o), unshaped and uninscribed, are doing duty as grave-markers.5 Withi ruine e nave th n th f eo d churc hpre-Reformatioo thertw e eli n monuments. (i i) The head of a recumbent slab (PI. XVI, i), broken off to a length of 18 in. It is 16 in. wide by 7 in. thick, and bears in relief a cross-head formed by eight pointed rays coming from a solid centre and supported by a thin shaft. The design suggests a date fourteente th n i fifteentr ho h century. e (12cove smala Th )f o r l child's grave, pre-

G.JV.H.& . A.S.,D & series. d 13r Cf , xxxi. (1952-3)A . indebteC m a r . I figd M 19p , . 0an o .dt 5 Ralegh Radford, F.B.A., F.S.A. advicr datine pre-Reformatioe fo th , th n f ego o n stone thin si s graveyard. Inventory, No. 24. ibid., p. 59, and see infra, p. 244. 41 These fragments, noted in 1957, had disappeared by 1960. 3 5 These fragments, noted in 1957, had disappeared by 1960. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 237 sumabl twelfth-centurf yo . lon taper. d in i ft g yan 2 dates si frot I .. ~]\mo t in . 11in - these measurements being taken over wide chamfers showing zig-zag ornament. gth November, ist December 1957, 6th April 1960 Haddington, Parish 51973 Church.W S 7 5 5 e followinTh g monuments were note n thidi s graveyard. The e takeyar r nfo descriptio orden i r from wes easto t t . (i) A very small headstone, measuring only i ft. 10 in. by i ft. 5 in., with a rounded and grooved top rising above square shoulders (PI. XVI, 3). On one face is incised [?H]R/MG/ 1670, and on the other an empty panel divides G R. (2) Besid in.7 laste . f exactl)ft eth o larga ,2 e samy yeb th . headstonein 8 . ft 3 e( pattern, includin apicae gth l groov XVIL e (P fac e , 3)eOn .show crownee sth d hammer of the Hammermen dividing the initials R W, and at a lower level the date 1705; the other bears an illegible inscription. (3) A headstone of the same pattern as the two last, but intermediate in size between them. Much of the epitaph is illegible, but the name AN/NAT IO[HNS]TOWN can be read together with the date 1700. (4) A recumbent slab which originally bore a marginal inscription, and which presumably dates fro seventeente mth h century. Onl lowee yth r half retain originas sit l surface, the remainder having been cut down to give space for an eighteenth-century Johnston epitaphe marginath d an , l inscriptio s greatlni y wasted e grouTh f . po letters IOHN can, however, still be read. (5) A large plain headstone with a squared top, perhaps originally recumbent epitape Th . h reads HEER LYES PATRIC[K]/ DRVMOND LAVFVL SON / TO M IOHN DRVMOND / OF LENOCH WHO DIED / AT BYRES MAY 1659 / RAND OF HIS AGE / 4 YEERES. Below is incise blanda k shield dividin initiale . gth Unlik D P s e most contemporar- yin scriptions, which run like writing on a page, the lines of this epitaph are symmetrically spaced for aesthetic effect. (6) A headstone with a three-lobed top commemorating IAME S/ ALEXANDE R SOM/TYM WEVEA / PETE N RI R CRAGo wh , died in 1686. (7) An unusual monument, resembling the pillar of an entrance- , i)t compriseI . gatewaystandinXX . higw L in hno 8 (P . d ft shafs a g an ,6 . t. 1 1ift in square mouldea , d bascapitad ean . square in massiva l2 d . botan ft , eh3 ogival block restine capital th t originall n no go .y Thima y r so hav blocy e ma kborn e a finial. Each face of the shaft is deeply recessed between mouldings at the angles, e easth t d facan e bear e inciseth s d inscription HERE LYE S/ IOH N ELIOT / CHYRUGIAN / APOTHIGAR Y / SURGE / HADINGTOU N SI DIEE H N / D MARCH / THE 3 DAY 1687 / HIS AGE 37 YEA/RS. (8) A recumbent slab of sandstoned re , lyin wese . . fronlongn 1gth i 1ft in f tchurch e o 5 doot th , s i f o rt I . tapers in breadth from 3 ft. at the head of 2 ft. 9 in. at the foot and bears a marginal band incisedenneo tw y ddb blana lined kan s shield. Some trace f obliterateo s d lettering can be seen near the head, and the names GEORGE SMITH and DANIEL SMITH have nineteenth-centur n beei t ncu y characters. Besid t therei e lies another slab, of the same type but slightly smaller, on which the same names appear. (9) A headstone bearing an epitaph, recut in later eighteenth-century lettering, which commemorates ALEXANDER HERRKIS FLESHER IN HADDINGTOUN, 8 23 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , ig6o-6l dieo n 170di wh 7 aged forty-six e butchersTh . ' insigni showe unusuae aar th n ni l for f cleavermo , knif skewerd an e . (10 headstonA ) e resemblin above3 . s gNo It . inscriptio nearls ni y illegible surname th persoe t th bu f , eo n commemoratee b n dca rea GARNERs da date f deatth ,e o h being 1694. (n smalA ) l headstone witha three-lobed top. The name of the deceased person is illegible, but he is described as HUSBAND / TO MARION FOULLAR. He died in 1689, aged seventy-six. (12) Parsmala f o t l headstone, lackin tops git , whic hface beareon MAn so / 1666, the date being in a sunk panel, and on the other the lower halves of two initials, probably ID. (13 headstonA ) e whose east face, together wit e epitaphhth s wa , evidentl ye nineteent recuth n i t h century t bearI . a baker's s insigni d coman a - memorates the children of JOHN NICOLSON and MARGARET SHIEL, who died in 1697. The initials J N / M S appear, in the original lettering, in a cartouche on the west face. (14) A headstone set in a stone base, bearing an inscription on one side and emblems of mortality on the other. The name of the deceased person is s describei illegiblee sh t s SPOUda bu , ALEXANDEO ST R/ ATCHISO d Nan she died in 1697, aged thirty-one. (15) A headstone commemorating DAVID ATCHISON bakea , dieo n 1696 di wh rchildrend an ,epitaphe e datth f Th eo . , however, is 1720. The stone bears a baker's insignia. (16) A small headstone, set in a stone base, which commemorates WILLIAM ATCH/ISON MILNE/ N RI GIMERS MILNES and five of his children, who are not named. He died in 1707, aged eighty-four. This inscriptio havy nma e bee nothee recutth rd facan , e bearsa secondary one. (17) A very small headstone, measuring only 18 in. by 13 in., of which one face is blank and the other is inscribed W I /1 G / i66[? 4]. (18) Another headstone, only slightly larger than the last and, like it, having one face blank. The epitaph reads M N / 1660 /1 N [i]667- (19) A small headstone inscribed, in part, HERE LYES ROBER/ T PATERSON WEAVE/ R BURGESS IN / HADINGTON ALSO / BELLMAN THEREFOR. The rest is not fully legible, but the first two digit seventeenth-centura f o s y dat prette ear y bace certain th incises ki n O .n di outline an exceptionally large pair of cross-bones. The bellman was the burghal officer whos mako t es dute wa publi t yi c announcement towne th t Haddingtonn si ;a , wher ebellmaa recorn o s n i earls da s 1532ya seeme h , havo st e been responsiblr efo towe towe th nth nbeld clockan l alsd havo an ot , e acte gravedigger.s da 1 Three wall-monument graveyare th westere f th o t d sa dnen show some features of interest, but the epitaph of one is illegible and those of the others have been

replaced. 2^ an(j gist jyjay rg^8, 24th FebruarJanuarh 7t d yan y 1960 Haddington, St Martin's Church. 57 SW 524783 ruinee Th d churc t MartinS Nungatee f ho th n ,i possesse w no , stonsa e pavement, recumbeno tw t whicn i se e htar graveslabs headstonee on , pard anotherf an ,o t l Al . have no doubt been introduced from the graveyard, in which nothing now remains singla t bu e pillar-like monument e followin f somTh .o e e gar interest . (islaA ) b d bearin ft.measurin3 an , y b incisen g a . . 9 ^ft in g5 d epitap Gothin hi c lettering which runs round the margin from the upper dexter corner. This reads HEIR

Forbes Gray, JamiesonW.d ShortA an , , H. History . ,J of Haddington,. f 8 19449 . pp , 1 GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 239 LYES AN HONEST / MAN WILLIAM TAIT PORTIONER OF NUNGAIT AND BUR/GES OF HADI[NGTON /. .. HI]S AGE 74 ZEIRIS. The dots represent an illegible portion at the bottom and on the dexter side. In the centre of the slab there is a shield dividing the initials W T and charged, for Tait: A saltire engrailed. Above the shield appears OBIIT AN(N)O D(OMI)NI 1616, this date bein Gothif go rathee us c e letteringr th lat slar A efo ) b y b (2 measurin .. in 5 . ft g6 surrounded an . in blana 3 y . db ft k 3 marginal . widebeltin 4 , , denne groovesy db . In the centre is incised a shield, now showing no charges, which divides the initials I T /1 A; above there has been a long epitaph of which nothing significant now survives, but the fact that No. i commemorates a Tait makes it probable that I T also bore this surname. (3) This headstone, which has been damaged and is also partly obscured with mortar, bears the following epitaph which is certainly of the seventeenth century: HEIR LYES ON[E] / YOVNG MAM / OF NVNGA[TE] / [? GILJEAD VEDOL / THE BEST VE CA[N] / TO FIX THIS STON[?E] / AT HIS HIAD NOV / HE IS GONE AND / LYES INTO TH[? E EARTH]. The restoratio e baptismath f no l nam s conjecturali e e openinth , g letter f thio s s line, r threeitheo o numbern ei rtw , having totally disappeared surname th ; doubo n s ei t the same as Waddel or Weddel.1 There is no evidence for the final word, here restored as EARTH, and, if it or any similar word ever existed, it must have been fitted in awkwardly below the end of the line, where the stone has been broken away. 15th December 1957, 24th January 1960 Humbie Parish Church. 46 SE 461637 e followinTh g memorials were graveyarde noteth n di , (iheadstonA ) e witha shaped top divided by a notch, commemorating IAMES DOBBI / MALTMAN who died in 1679. On the other side appear the initials I D in relief, along with funerary emblem shielda d an s. This last bear a maltman's s shove brood an l m saltirewise, dividing the incised initials M M, presumably for 'Malt Man'. (2) A headstone with shoulders and a rounded top, slightly notched, and bearing an inscription which is badly weathered. The name Wilson can, however, be read, and finae th l line whicn i , date hth deatf eo h should occur wels i , l enough preserveo dt show that this was never cut. A date in the seventeenth century may be inferred from the style of the lettering. On the other side appear the initials I B, with funerary embleme debaseth d dan s representatio f laterao n l pilasters ) Jus(3 .t churce th eas f o th there stand piecsa wallinf eo g into which three memorials have been inserted. One of these is evidently the upper part of what must originally have been a fine wall-monument, similar to though smaller than the one at Keith (q.v.); that the basal portion is missing is shown by the decoration at the present ground- level, under the horizontal moulding. As it stands, the monument comprises a moulded and inscribed panel topped by a decorative pediment and finial, the last t quitno e certainl yoriginae parth f o t l composition flankes dextee i t th i ; n rdo side by a scrolled truss bearing, on a ribbon, the words WE AL MUST PAS, but a corresponding truss on the sinister side has been cut away to make room for an 1 On which see Surnames, p. 796. 0 24 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , 1960-61 adjoining memorial sinistee s presenth It .f i rin.d 6 tscrol . an heigh, ft 5 l wers i t e present the total width over the two would be 4 ft. 11 in. The pediment, which is moulded, carrie apes it t ribboxa sa n inscribe INDT dFI E FIRMIOR ('He becomes stronger thereby'), at the lower end of each rake there is a skull, and in the tympanum ther shiela s ei d dividin date gth e 1682. This shield, whic hels mantlingd hha m an , is parte r palchargedd dpe e an r Skirvinfo , Andersond gan : Dexter, three pallets, ove l threal r e buckle chevroa n o s n engrailed; sinister crescena , saltira n - o t ebe tween four mullets. The epitaph, which is cut in Roman lettering on a cartouche representing a swag of drapery upheld by two cherubs, reads HERE LYES IAMES SKIRVE PLOULANDHILF NO DEPARTEO WH L/ LIFS D Y ANN N EI O 1668 / WITH MARGARET RIGG HIS SPOUSE / WHO DEPARTED IN ANNO 1644 / WITH IAMES RO(BER)T ADAM HARY GEORGE / WM. & IOHN, IEAN AGNES & MARY / ANDERSON SONE OF YE S(AI)D IAMES. frieze Th inscribes i e d SOUE WEAKNESSNN I , RAISE POWERDN I / COR. . e uppeth n 15ro , membe d 43e framan th ; s f commemoratei eo r d WILLIAM SCIRVING, who died in 1825. (4) A table-tomb, the slab of which might be judged, from its rounded top and slight shoulders, to have been intended to stand as headstonea overhangine th ; moulded gan d edges, however, sho wmads thawa et i t fo horizontaa r l position t Aberlady.a . 4 . table-tom(CfA ) No . (5 ) b wit hfacetea d slab showing exceptionally rich decoration. The epitaphs belong to the fourth de- eighteente cadth f eo h century. 12th June 1958 Februarh 5t , y 1960 Innervaick. Parish 72073Church.W S 7 7 9 Only two monuments earlier than 1707 were noted in this graveyard, (i) A fragmen medievaa f o t grave-a l s graveslaba p u t . se thick ,in w . wid17 2 in no , y eb marker and standing i ft. 5 in. above the ground. One side is dressed to a flat surface which decreases in width from 9 in. to 7f in. between the lateral mouldings; the other is rough. (2) A small headstone with a gabled top, large lateral indenta- tions and, on the uninscribed face, an hour-glass above a skull. It commemorates ADAM SI[N]/CLAR dieo n i6[ di wh ,] age ?93 d seventy. Headstone f thiso s size and shape, and bearing these emblems, are numerous in this graveyard, though the rest of them seem to date from the 17305 and 17405; the pattern was evidently being turned out regularly in this neighbourhood, perhaps at Dunbar, where a typical exampl seene b n . eca Several other monument wely slma date fro seventeente mth h century t theibu , r inscription e illegiblear s . Notable amon a table-tomg ) the(3 s mi b whose slab, . . 2wide ft \in cavett s . lon3 ha in , y g3 b . o ft widedgea 6 d e san margina l moulding with multiple rebatea hol r drainage d efo an s . This elaborate mouldine b n gca matched on recumbent slabs at Dunbar and Whittinghame and suggests a seventeenth-century date, althoug illegible hth e epitap charactern i ht appearcu e b so st appropriat late th e o eighteentet h century t mayi ; , however, have been recua n o t slightly lowere t Aberladyda surface2 suggestes . wa cas e No s th a f ., e o n di Among the later stones may be mentioned (4) a headstone, apparently dated GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 241 1763, which includes amon funerars git y emblem paisa scalesf o r , presumablr yfo weighing the soul. There are also some faceted table-tombs, undated but no doubt fairly late, with their facets completely undecorated; als osingla e sarcophagus. loth July, agth November 1959 Keith 44864 Church.W S 6 4 6 formee e ruith f Th no r parish churc Keitf ho surroundes hi tree y dshrubd b san - e graveyar th e see b tracef w o nn fe bery ca sd an apar, t fro ma singl e illegible headstone, probabl e seventeentth f yo h century. Leaning agains e north-westh t t corner of the church, however, is (i) part of a medieval grave-cover measuring lengtn i . taperind in h an 2 . ft breadtn gi 4 s e largei h Th d fro . en rg o min t f . 11in squaref presumabls i of t d cu an ,origina s it n yi l condition s smallee ha th t d en bu r, been broken sidee dressee th ; sar d smootlowee th t r hbu surfac roughs ei uppee Th . r surface is bordered by heavy roll-mouldings and traces of a double incised line can seee b n runnint againsSe . gtin centree t quitalon7 . th lengta no ft , r n ei g2 it fo ,f ho soute th h churcwall-monumene a wal) th f (2 lo s hi whico t R.C.A.Me hth . does less than justice, although it mentions some features which cannot be seen today owing

pedimentgrowtdoube e o n th th s i o n ivyf t i tht o I . , unde ivye th r, 1 thadate th t e 1685 occurs, and also the arms of Anderson of Whitburgh impaling 'Forrester or Hunter' - i.e., apparently: Dexter, a saltire engrailed between four mullets; sinister, three hunting horns, in chief a star. The monument is large and elaborate, measur- breadtn i t leas a . in heightd n welts i i 6 h an . 1 . 3d ft lft worthan 7 , come g b in o y-t pared wit contemporaries hit Greyfriare th n si s Churchyard, Edinburgh. t comI 2 - prises the features usual to Classical constructions of this type - a pedestal, columns and entablature framing an inscribed panel, and a pediment - the columns, which are Ionic and free-standing, being set on projecting portions of the pedestal. The pedesta heavils i l y moulde decorates i d dan d with funerary emblems betweed an , n the architrave and the inscribed panel there is carved a Judgment scene with four allegorical figure cherua s- b wit trumpetha skeletona , robea , seated dan d judge, cherua d an b wit hpaia scalesf ro , evidentl weighine th soulr e soffie yth fo Th f .tg o of the architrave is decorated and the cornice is moulded and dentilated, but details of the pediment are hidden. The central part of the monument is flanked by scrolled trusses. The inscription occupies a cartouche carved to represent a slightly swelling piec parchmentf eo , with lioa edges roll it d n ston e t tope sa massan Th th s .e i t ka evidently a palimpsest, and the epitaph does not seem ever to have been completed. Thu uppermose sth cartouchte parth f to surfac s blans ei it t bees kbu eha n roughened, whil e openinth e g line shows clear trace f confusiono s e epitaphTh . , whicn i s hi Roman script, has no such opening phrase as 'Here lie', but simply begins with the words CHILDREN O[F]. Thes e followe ar ea stri f rathey o pb d r rougt bu h apparently uninscribed surface, and this by a considerably worn or weathered cup- mark; while beyond the cup-mark the line ends with IN HUND in small capitals, these words having evidently formed part of some such formula as TENANT IN

1 Inventory, . 51p . . R.C.A.M.Cf 2 , Inventory of Edinburgh, ff.4 4 , . especiallpp Mylne yth e monument. f 8 6 . pp , 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l HUND/EBIE (i.e. Humbie) surviving fro originan ma l inscriptio rese whicf nth o t h has been erased remaindee Th . epitape th f o r h then runs normally enough, listing five Anderson children, in order of age, with the dates of their deaths (year, month and day) together with their ages at death, as follows - Thomas, aged eight, in 1685; Margaret, aged seventeen n 1695i , ; George firss hi t n yeari , n 1681i , ; Mary, aged four, in 1685; Kathrin, aged twelve, in 1695. Thomas was thus born in 1677, Margare 1678n i t , Georg 1680n ei , Mar 168n yi Kathrid 1an 1683n ni . 12th June 1958 March 5t , h 1960 Luffness Convent.47180E S 8 4 1 e lateTh medieval grave-slab (i) t intthapavemene le oth s i t Carmelite th f o t e Friars' church at Luffness is not, of course, a graveyard monument; but it should 1 be noticed here for comparison with other similar slabs which are to be seen in certain graveyards, e.g. Dunba d Tranentan r , whethe o then yr o rhav e been move theio dt r present positions from insid churchese eth . This slab is badly damaged, but its original size was probably about 6 ft. 6 in. by 4 ft. In the centre is incised, in outline, a patriarchal cross on a step; on the upper pair of limbs, whic e showar h s representina n ga scrol l partly doubled backs i , inscribed I N R I, and on the shaft below the lower pair there is a shield charged, for Hepburn: A rose between two lions counter-combatant. The epitaph, which is

Gothin i c lettering, runs roun margine dth inscribee th , d ban t beindno g definey db 2 e R.C.A.Mth reas y aHONORABILIb . wa d . n 191line. i d . s an a 3, S VIR KENTIGERNUS HEPBURN . . . DE WAUGHTOUN; the slab may thus be fifteente ture dateth th f sixteentd no o dt an h h centuries r slightlo , y later Davis a , d Hepbur f Waughtono n transferre barone th dKentigern f so Luffnesy o s hi o n nt i s 1498.8 26th September 1959 Morham Parish 55672Church.E S 7 5 5 followine Th g stones were note thin di s graveyard. (ismalA ) l headstone commemorating MARGRET NEAPE R/ SPOU O ST WILLIAM CHARL[?S] othediee o th 1696n d i wh , r n sideO . , along with funerary latea emblems n i r t headstonscriptA cu ) initiale ,, (2 th ther.W e R sear with shoulder roundea d san commemoratinp dto g ROBERT MANDERSON dieo dwh , in i[6]88, and his wife ALISON JOHNSTON[?E], who died in 1693. The wife's inscriptioe parth f o t less ni s carefull t tha husband'se ycu nth headstonA ) (3 . e with a slopin p commemoratinto g g AGNES HUNTER SPOUS THOMAO T E/ S TAYLER / WRIGHT IN MORAME, who died in 1699 aged sixty-three. The funerary emblems on the other side are framed by a high moulding. (4) A headstone wit ha shape commemoratinp dto g IOHN DAVIO LAUDET / DN RSO LAUDER / FERMER IN MORHAM, who died in 1701 aged sixteen. As in the

1 Inventory, i. . No recordes A R.C.A.M.2e th y db , loc badl. w citdetaile no th ;y e wastedsar .

R.M.S., 1424-1513, No. 2455. 3 GRAVEYARD MONUMENT N EAS3 I S 24 T LOTHIAN funerare th , 3 . ycas No emblem f eo framee sar higa y hdb moulding headstonA ) (5 . e with a shaped top commemorating someone whose surname is probably [AITC]HISON s doubtfuli e o dieag n 1693i wh ds ,, Hi perhap. s eightye Th . decoration on the uninscribed side resembles that of the two preceding stones. (6) A headstone resembling the three last mentioned, which commemorates IOHN LAUDER / HUSBAND TO ELISABETH / BROUN, who died in 1695, and also ISOBEL LAUDER, perhap daughtersa same dieth o en d i wh ,year Anothe) (7 . r headston e samth f e o egenera l character, commemorating GRIZEL [surname illegible] / SPOUSE TO IOHN LAUDER, who died in 1694 aged sixty-five. Nos. 3 to 7 are pretty certainly products of the same workshop. (8) A headstone commemorating HELE/ DAUGHTE G NHO IOHO R/G T FERMENHO N RI MAINSHIL dieo n 169di wh , 9 aged twenty-two othee th rn sidO funerare . ear y emblems flanked by half-shafts. (9) A headstone exactly similar to the last, commemorating MARY HOG, another daughter of the same IOHN HOG, who like- sixteens wiswa ee die.ag n 1699di r (10 headstonA He ) . same th f eeo patters na e lasth t two, commemorating ISOBE/ SPOUS G LHO ARCHIBALO ET D/ MANDERSON FERMER / IN STONIPATH, who died in 1699 aged thirty. Nos. 8, 9 and 10 evidently derive from the same prototype, and may well represent singla e order, (i largiA ) e headstone commemorating ELIZABETH PAXTON/ DAUGHTE IAMEO R T [TON X SPA / ]FERME SEGGERSDENN RI o wh , died in 1698 aged three months; also ANNA PAXTON who died in 1701 aged three years ROBERd an , T PAXTON, ageyearso ddattw e th whosf , eo e deats hi lasevidentle o illegiblear ttw e Th y. other children of James Paxton embleme Th . s on the other face are flanked by half-shafts, and the top of the rounded head is notched. (12 headstonA ) e broken intpartso otw , bot whicf ho leanine har g against graveyarde . walth N f o e l e inscribeth Th . uppee d th fac f o re portion, whics hha thus been preserved from weathering, show epitapn sa h which treats doubla n i eL way whic s parallelehi e Waddeth n di l memoria t Garvalda l t commemoratei ; s HELLE N/ ALEXANDE R SPOUS E/ [TO ] PATRICK HOGE FERM(E)R/ [IN] MAINSHILL, who died in 1703. (13) A large recumbent slab (6 ft. 7 in. by 3 ft. 9 in. by 7 in.) with a cavetto-moulded edge. The inscription, which is incised in capitals, runs across the stone, starting close to the upper edge. It commemorates IOH FERM[ERG NHO MAINSHILN I / ] dieo n i6g[?di wh , ] aged fifty-two, and his wife MARY KNOX, who died in 1699 probably aged sixty-four, though firse th t digi doubtfuls ti . Thi sinscriptioe parth f to bees nha n confuse stonee th y d-b s misplacecutterha o wh , d wordse somreasonabls th i f t eI o . infeo et r that Helen, Mary and Isobel Hog (Nos. 8, 9 and 10 above) were all daughters of this couple, in which case some serious disaster must have overtaken the family in 1699. This stone appears to be a palimpsest, as traces of a longer inscription, probably in smaller seeletterse b nn belo ca ,blan a existine n wth o e ksurfacee e th parth g on f n o tO . lowe stone r th hal f eo f there appear abov K monogra a s M skulea d H I an l f mo cross-bones, all in relief. (14) Another recumbent slab (5 ft. 9 in. by 3 ft. i in. by 4 in.), of which the lower sinister corner is missing. It is bordered by an uninscribed margina centrae th l n bandi l d spacan , e ther blana s ei k shield dividin initiale gth s 244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l W K / [ ?E] H, with the date 1660 below. All these letters and figures are incised, therp vere likshielde to ar yeth ee d largeappearsth an ,t A . smallen i , r lettering, HEIR LYETH / PATRICK KNOX SON / TO WILLIAM KNOX / YO(U)NGER. This slab almost certainly commemorate e Revth s . William Knox whose father, likewise the Rev. William Knox, was nephew to the Reformer, together with his second wife, Elizabeth Hallyburton of Muirhouselaw, and their second son, Pat- trus i rick. t eI that this conclusion entail suppositioe th s n thadate th t e 166s 0wa

that 1 of the wife's death, and not of the husband's, as the Rev. Willian Knox died in 1623; but on the other hand this W K is unlikely to have been the younger William's son William e latter'th callen s a ,sso wife'do n d s ha surnam e h s Rig d wa egan Patrick juss i t I possibl. e that these peopl havy ema e belonge somo dt e different branc family,e correspondence th th f t ho bu 2 Williaf eo Patrickd man fathes a , d an r son, wit Reformer'e hth s relative vers si y strong evidenc contrarye e th th o et f O . two later Knox memorials noted by Rogers, the table-tomb commemorating William Knox (1783) and Jane Black (1756) still exists but the stone to Agnes Knox (1714) eithes ha r disappeare r becomdo e illegible. Various date Aprio st l 1959 North Berwick, St Andrew's Church. 58 NE 553856 The site of this church3 has recently been laid out, under the direction of Dr J. S. Richardson, so as to show the foundations of the vanished structure; and in the former 'St Ninian's Aisle' there have been collected a number of grave-monuments and carved details, some of which are derived from the Cistercian convent of North Berwick. e followinTh 4 g calmentior fo l n here.5 (ismalA ) l headstone, probabl e thirteentth f yo h centur r possiblyo y earlier,

which bears on either6 face a Latin cross denned by incised grooves and charged with a smaller cross, similarly incise . Limb2) d d hea, (PIan s dXV . project slightly beyond the edges of the stone, the upper corners of which are rounded and are finished with roll mouldings, with the result that the upper portion resembles the top of the disk-headed cross numbered i at Gullane. The design on the back is less well fronte executeth n . o Thie d on stha e ston founs n th pon a ewa n di d nea Cise th r-

tercian convent. ) Parta cope(2 f o s d grave-cover, f thirteenth-centuro y date, 8

which was once 7 decorated with rows of dog-tooth ornamentation. It may be compared with t OldhamstocksNosa 3 . o t ie lowe Th ) r (3 parrecumbena . f o t t slab, formerly in the garden of the Manse9 and evidently derived from the convent. The epitaph runs roun survivinmargis e it dth d nan g fragmen badls i t y wastedn i t bu , 190 worde 7th s [DOMJINA ISABELLA [????] OJUAE) OBIIT appea havo t r e been legibleconsequentls i t i d 10an y reasonabl infeo et r tha persoe tth n commemorated

thin 1O s famil Rogerse yse , Rev, GenealogicalC. . Memoirs of John. ff 3 Knox,6 . pp 2 On which see ibid., pp. 58 ff. whicn 8O Inventory, e hse . 103No . 4 ibid. . 104No ,. . RichardsoS indebte . m J a r 8I D mucr o dt nfo h information abou stonee th t thin so s site. ' Richardson6 Inventory, . T., J GuideA , . 116Northo t No . Berwick, etc.,. 191125 . p , 8 Inventory., . 57 . p . 973 ibid. . . 11p , 3,No c Richardson . cit.op , , unnumbered illustratio alse n Se oopposit Carte. 25 . ep Monialium de Northberwic, Bannatyn10 e Club (1847), pp. xviiif. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 245 was the Prioress Dame Isabella Home, who ceased to hold office at some date between articulatino 154 1548.d Tw 4an ) (4 g fragment larga f o se recumbent slab, 1 the large f whico r h reliefw bears heae lo knigha th f ,n di o , t wearin ga pointe d helme camaid an trestind pilloa an l n go w withi ncanopiea d inscrip e nicheth f O .- tion, which is in Gothic characters and runs round the margin, the words ORATE ANIMO PR A [???? appeaE D ] havo t r e been legibl n 1907.e i e largeTh 2 r fragmen formerls Manse wa t th n y. i SeJ . r garden,founs smalleD e y wa th db t e 3bu ron Richardson at the Abbey Farm, where also a stone very closely resembling the larger one was noted in 1847*; these circumstances suggest that the slab originated at St Andrew's Church removes thad fare wa t an th building-materias ,i mt a o dt l when e structurth s demolishedwa e s thui t sI . temptin identifo t g t witi ye ston th h e recorde Nisbety db lairde s commemoratine aislth s 'ia a f n5Bassth f o s d o e an ' g Robert Lauder of Congleton and the Bass, though the fragment of the inscription doe t agreno s e with Nisbet's record; Nisbet s monument givedatehi o r tw s fo s , MCCCXI and MCCCCXI, and the second of these would suit the armour worn by late th e f fourteento s i figure t th i s ea r earl ho y fifteenth century fragmentarA ) (5 . y slab of red sandstone, evidently from an eighteenth-century table-tomb. It bears t nothinbu , O g M significan e / initial e inscription e madth b th W f n R o se ca t . (6TournaA ) i matrix-stone detailw fe e sA ar . 106 . ft measurin ^in 3 y b . . 10ft in g6 faintly visible. 25th October 1958, 8th March and yth November 1959 North Berwick, Old Parish Church. 58 NE 553853 Onl monumento ytw thin si s graveyard t ,com whicno ed inthdi untie ous l after 1660,' bear legible dates earlier than 1707, though illegible somth f eo e stoney sma e seventeentth f o wel e b l h century e firsTh t. a smal (is i ) l headstone. in 2 . ft 2 , . widein epitape 3 hig . th ; ft iy hb illegibls hi e althoug date hth e 1682 survivese Th . greatly debased Classical ornamentation is remarkably similar to that seen on a headstone of 1620 at Langton, Berwickshire,8 a very early representative of this series, notwithstandin difference gth thein i e table-tomre datesth othee s i ) Th . (2 r b of the Rev. John Blackader, Minister of Troqueer,9 who died on the Bass Rock in 1685, aged sixty-three, after five years' imprisonmen Covenantera s a t solis ha d t I . singla endd ean s central suppor eithen o t r side slae th ;b measurey b . . i\ft in 7 s s moulde . 8ha ^ft d in.3 an d, edges with projection e cornerth t d ovea e s an sth r lateral supports. The original height was 2 ft. 7 in. The inscription, which contains twenty-three lines of verse,10 states that the tomb was 'renewed by private subscrip-

tion' in 1821; it has been recut in the lettering of that period. The western support Carte1 Monialium above)s (a . xiip , . 2 Richardson . cit.op ,, unnumbered illustration opposit. 25 . ep 3 . Inventory,73 . . p 11 , 3No d 4 Carte Monialium (as above), p. xviii, illustration. 6 A System of Heraldry, ed. 1816, i, p. 433. 6 Inventory, No. 114. 7 Inventory, . 57 . p 8 Illustrate P.S.A.S.,n di xci (1957-8), PI. I . whon 9O Fasti, e mse . n302p , . fule th l r texRogerse 10Fo se t , Rev , MonumentsC. . and Monumental Inscriptions Scotlandn i ;. (1871)f 8 20 ,. ip , Richardson, J. T., A Guide to North Berwick, etc. (1911), p. 10. 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1960-61 shows a cherub head above an open book, and the eastern one emblems of mortality, all in high relief. additionn I smale th ) l (3 wall-monument, in.9 ,. ,measurin ft nea2 e y rth b . ft g5 north-eastern gateway may be noted for the unusual feature of a heavy, scalloped shelf which projects belo panele wth . 22nd February Novembeh 7t , r 1959

Oldhamstocks Parish Church. 77 SW 738707 mose Th t interesting monument thin si s graveyar three dar e coped grave-covers, probably of thirteenth-century date, which lie end-to-end beside the north wall of the watch-house. All are partly earthed up, and all seem to have had their ends squared off. Details are as follows, (i) The westernmost stone is 3 ft. 3 in. long and. whicflap a s to t 8hhigh. ha baseburied s |taperd in w It 5an ,. o ,no !t sin . , froin f m6 mus decorates mori e b tp eto . wide thae in relie n di 3 Th n . ft if wit hdoubla w ero of sal tires in square frames, and the sides with three rows of square imbrications, the arris d betweesidan e p beinto n g emphasise a slightl y b d y overhanging ledge. easternmose (2Th ) . lon mord in g6 an t . eston ft thafla5 a s s eni t . ha high1 0in d an , whicp to damages hi t taperI badld . 4o t ^in sdan . froyin weatheredm8 e th t bu , sides bear three row largf so e semicircular imbrications, again toppe slightla y db y overhanging ledge. (3) Of the central stone only two fragments survive, respectively . long1d 1in an ;. theithed in 9 an yr. . ft havheighi in 9 share a s i t p apical ridge. On the sides three rows of small rounded imbrications show above the turf. Standin graveyare th smala ) n gi (4 l s headstondi e commemorating ROBERT DODS SON TO / GEORGE DODS, who died in 1698 aged three. The word ROBER s beeTha n recusuna n ko t portio surfacee th f no . Throwne asidth y eb south wall is (5) part of a damaged headstone commemorating ISOBEL MI/LLER, who die n 1676di . Among other stones pile alonp du g thieithew sno wall rd an , illegibl r inaccessibleeo , ther slaa s ei b whic s almoshha t certainly formed para f o t seventeenth-century table-tomb. Among later monuments wer en eighteenth-centura note ) (6 d y table-tomb which, besides possessin groundea slighd an tp shouldersdto , tapers'in breadtn hi the manne muca f o r h earlier period. Another late table-tomb (7), though bevelled, is quite plain, showing none of the rich decoration commonly seen on these monuments. e headstonesSomth f o e , though bearing legible eighteenth-century dates, are inscribed in what strongly resembles seventeenth-century lettering. There are threor alse two osarcophagi a typ, monumeneof t whiccommonot his Easnin t Lothian. In addition to the memorials, there lies beside the watch-house an interesting architectural relic - the moulded base of a column, 3 ft. in diameter, which might well have originated in a vanished Romanesque church.1 The heraldic panels set in the east end of the burial-aisle have been described by the R.C.A.M. gth July, 2gth November 1959

1 A church was presumably in existence here as early as 1127 (Inventory, p. 75). GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 247 Ormiston, Parishd Ol Churchyard. 41167W N 6 5 Onl monumento ytw s older than 1707 wer graveyard ol e e noteth n ddi here. (i) A collapsed table-tomb of the faceted type, with the inscription on its central panel t I commemorate. s IAN/NET BELSHES SPOU O ALEXANDET S R WIGHT / TENNENT IN ORMESTOUN BYRES, who died in [17] 05 aged sixty-eight t largcu ee e initial beloar Th .inscriptione B wI sth e th e res f o Th t . ston decorates ei d with scrolls, swag funerard san y emblems altogethed an , t seemri s a remarkably ambitious monumen a tenant-farmere wif f th o er fo t ; comparable examples can, however, be cited elsewhere, e.g. at Tranent (No. 30) and Bara (No headstoneA . ) i)(2 . , partly earthe , witdup hshapea decorated dan andp dto , e backoth n a larg, e skull t commemorateI . s IOHN REIDD FARME /N RI [place-name illegible] dieo 1689n di wh , . Amon e lateth g r memorial e mentionesb thery a goo ma e) d(3 d eighteenth- century wall-monument (Williamson) showing the Masonic Arms: A square, charged with a pair of compasses, chevronwise between three castles; also several reredos-monument particulao n f so r interest. 5th June, 1958 Pencaitland Parish 44369 W Church.N 6 4 0 panelo tw e s builTh t int soute oth hchurche walth f o l , whic mentionee har y db the Ancient Monuments Commissioners,1 are hardly to be classed as graveyard monuments, but the memorial to Katharine Forbes (i), which is set in the west end of the south aisle but which they do not mention, falls into the general class of wall- monuments and deserves record here. It comprises a Classical assemblage of two Corinthian columns flankin a centrag l inscribed panel n entablaturea , a d an , rounded broken pediment, the whole flanked by scrolls and resting on a console with funerary emblems below it. The frieze is inscribed TO THE MEMORIE OF UMQL . FORBEEKA S . DAUGHTEFORBEIO / . M S MINISTEO RT O RT E ENGLISTH H MERCHANTS ADVENTUR/ER DELT SPOUD SA AN F S . OSWALIO T . OM D LATE PREACHE/ R AT THI SREMOVE KIRW NO K& D three Th e . lasD . t letterB . A s O evidentlT y stan Aberdeenr dfo , whithe Reve th r . John Oswald was transferred in 1641.2 In the pediment a swag of drapery depending fro ma tent-to p divide d bear initiale an th slozenga sF K s e charged r Forbesfo , : A cross formy fitchee between three bears' heads couped and muzzled. The central panel is inscribed with these verses: HAPPIE IN BIRTH, MATCH, COMELY FEATURE AND EVRIE VERTUE GRACEING NATURE NOTHINN I G CROSS' BARRET DBU N WOMBE: ALL THAT WAS FLESH RESTS IN THIS TOMBE HERF O , WHOSE INWARD SPRIGHTLIE GIFTS THEM MATCH'D, WHOM GRAC GLORO ET Y LIFTS THESE LIFE CONJOYN'D DEATH SEPARATE. EAC WHAS HHE T EITHER AIMET DA 1 Inventory, . 84 . p 2 Fasti, . 384ip , . 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l EARTH WITH POSSESSESRESPECN OW S TIT . AND HEAV'NE ITS DUE ALL MEN CONFESSES. LOVIND SA E DONG / HUSBAND TH Y EB . OSWALIO . M , D ANN/ O DOM. ^39 (PL XIX, 2). In the graveyard the following memorials were noted. (2) A small headstone with a rounded and nicked top inscribed HERE LYETH / IOHN [MUJIRHEAD / TAILZOUR SONE / TO IOHN MUIRHEAD / BAXTER AND HUSBAND / TO ISOBEL CATHIE HE / DEPEARTED THES othee th rn facO e ar . e 47 E AG S HI F O D 167Y 0AN MA F O 2 2 E TH / F LY carved a tailor's goose and scissors dividing the initials I M /1 K. (3) A slab of exceptional size, now standing as a headstone but probably intended to lie flat or table-tomba f o p forto o t e mth . t standin.i 7 Eve . heigh,w a ft althoug o nsno 5 t f o t h sombasroundeds uppes s i it It undergroundf s d e i e. o ren in 3 , . widts ft it 3 d s hi an , slighs ha t ti shoulderd an s lik Aberladyt ea Nos4 .d an i edge s ;it s sho channelso wtw , bacs it mainls kd i an t beari y undressedp inscription sa to e th t A seventeenthn n.i - century capitals of which nothing significant can now be read; below this a secondary inscription, in untidy Roman script of eighteenth-century character, commemorates ROBERT CAIRNS, with a suggestion of children's names following. Below the centr decorativea e cartouche bears hign i , h relief shiela , d whic partes hi r paledpe ; dextee th r hal illegibles fi sinistee th t chargeds i rbu , chevroA : n betwee nmullea t crescent-decrescena d an crescen a chie n i td an f basen crescent-decrescene i t Th . t really damagea ma e yb d annulet bottoe th t funerare mA .ar y emblems. With this stone may be compared (^A.) the top of another very large, massive slab which is headstona s a e breadtus n i t en measure. I i neain . 6 h . rby acrosft s 3 shoulders e sth , uninscribeds i d an headstonA ) (4 . e rather larger than t otherwisbu , e simila, to r . 2, No showing traceillegibln a f o s e inscription whic evidentls hi f seventeenthyo - century dateuninscribee Th . d face show crownee sth d hamme Hammermene th f ro . (5) A headstone with a shaped top showing, on its east face, the crowned hammer of the Hammermen dividing the initials [I]B / B T. The west face is inscribed HERE LIETH / IOHN BEL SMITH / WHO DEPEARTED / THIS LYF THE 14 OF / APRIL 1662 AND OF HIS / AGE 50 / AND BESSI THOM / HES [SjPOUES WHO / DEP[EA]RTED ... the rest of the epitaph being illegible. The wife's nam havy ema e been Thomson rather than Thorn thers a , roos ei morr mfo e letters short of the edge of the stone, but no traces can be seen today. (6) A large headstone with shoulder a rounde d an s d top, inscribed HEIR LYE / SWILLIA M DAUID/SONE MEALLMAKER / IN FOULSTRUTHER WHO / DEPERTED D AN / THIE AG S LIFS HI EF SEPTEMBE F O 1 O / 7 7 5 E RTH / 170 N I 7 ROBERT DAUIDSONE WRIGHT IN WINTOUN / HIS SON WHO DYED THI4 2 E S DONAG / IANEY F B E/ O 17Y TD 1 PRINGL [?oMA AN ] F O 2 7/ E SPO/US TO THE SAID / WILLIAM DAUIDSONE. 'Mealmaker' is an obsolete term for miller.1 (7) A very richly decorated table-tomb, which will bear comparison wit Setoe hth n monumen t Tranenta t . Standin bevellea s . highft ha p gt 3 i dto , boda d yan whic. in 7 h . approacheft 3 y b measurin . fore in sarcoa sth 9 f m . o ft -g6 1 English Dialect Dictionary, s.v. Meal. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 249 phagu than s i end s sides it closete it sar sd nearldan , showinyso pairo gsmalf tw so l arched openings each. As at Tranent, a large decorated medallion (PL XVII, 4) is set in the middle of each side, in advance of its face, and between the arches are figure a long-skirte e soutn si th —n n ho sidma da e coad breechesan t , holdinga Union lance a fla n anothed go an , r similarly clothe holdint dbu gswora d diagonally across his body; and on the north a cherub, blowing a trumpet, and a man wearing what lonseee b gmo t boots with their tops turned down wese bevee d th en Th tt . a l bears a cartouche charged : Three mullets on a chevron between three lozenges ; the east bevel bears funerary emblem MEMENTd san O MORI primare Th . y inscription, which is partly in capitals and partly in Roman script, runs lengthways along the south margin of the flat central space; it reads HERE LYES MR ANDREW HOLF O R D A KE TIVIOTDALN I DIEE H E/ D DECEMBE 172Y 4DA R2 AGED 105. 'Aged 105' has been recut. The west end of the monument bears, below the bevelled slab, a cartouche inscribed HERE LYES BUR[IED] / IOHN ANN[?A] RACHEL [?THE] / CHILDREN PROCREAT BETUIXT / ROBERT REID (NEPHEW TO M ANDREW KER) AND IANET THOMSON / HIS 1 SPOUS. 20th and ^k September 1958, i8th April 1959 Prestonkirk Parish 59277E Church.N 7 5 8 Four stones were note n thidi s graveyard, (iheadstonA ) e commemorating MARGRAT MIL L/ DAUGHTE IAMEO RT S/ MILL MARGRAD EAN T THOMSON dieo 168n di wh , 5 aged eighteen. Belo epitape wth hfemala e figure, wit haie hth r fallin gshoulderse loosth n eo , appear relien suna si n ko f panel with an arched top. The span of the arch is slightly narrower than the rest of the panel, whole th defined s ei roll-mouldingan a y db largA ) e(2 .headstone considerw no , - ably earthed up, commemorating ELISEBATH ANDERSON SPOUS / TO ANDREU SM[?ITH], who died in i7o[?J. (3) A headstone showing in relief a mill-rind, with tracen inscriptioa f o s n which, though illegiblen i , e seemb o t s seventeenth-century lettering illegibln A ) (4 e. slab, formerly recumbenw no t bu t leaning agains graveyare th t d wall, whicdeepa s hha , rebated, hollow moulding, . wide6^in , running roun margins dit comparee b . y Witma t hdi 1Nosd t 0a an .8 Dunbar and No. 5 at Whittingehame, the last dating from 1668. cast-iroo tw ) Als6 f , interesno (5 plates e ar t , shaped likd functioninean s a g headstones; they are precisely similar in pattern, and in place of the usual half-shafts or pilasters show human figures which are evidently of Greco-Egyptian inspiration. These figures are not cast solid with the plates but are separate, hollow attachments. inscriptionse Th , whic incisede har , indicate tha monumente th t r o , in sp weru t ese soon after, 1813 and 1821 respectively, though the later one also bears a secondary epitaph, in another hand, which is dated 1868. Both monuments are now badly . 4) , rusteXX L d(P The slab now at Smeaton (infra) probably originated in this graveyard. 7th December 1958, 22nd November 1959, 1 6th January 1960

roune 1Th d bracket thin si s inscription actuall uset indicatno o d t y e stoneappeaar e d th e n thaan , ro t the words within them have been supplied. 0 25 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , ig6o-6l Prestonpans Parish 38874 E ChurchS 7 3 6 e mos(iTh ) t interesting memoria n thii l s graveyard e latth e s i seventeenth - century wall-monument commemorating Georg Johd ean n Hepburn, whict se s hi in the east boundary-wall. It is probably no longer complete, as it now consists only o panefa l frame Ioniy db c half-shafts, restin corbellea n go d cornic a shelf d d an , ean frieze, the pediment required in the normal composition being absent. The upper part of the panel shows a pair of portrait medallions encircled by an inscribed endless riband in figure-of-eight form. The inscription has evidently deteriorated since it was recorded by the late Mr Alan Reid, F.S.A.SCOT., in I9O7,1 and may now be accurately reproduced as follows: GEO[RGE HEP]BURN HI[S] AGE 96 HE DIED FEE 25 1671 IOHN HEPBURN H[IS A]G[E 88] HE DIED IAN \z\\ 1690. Nothing significan maie made b th f n eo inscriptionca t , whic belos hi e wth medallions. e otheTh r monument earlief so r date wallt eithethae se th f nl so n i r al 170 e 7ar the watch-house or in the boundary-wall of the graveyard to the west of it. The following were notedverA ) y (2 smal. l headstone built intgable-heae oth e th f do watch-house, which shows emblem mortalitf so y together wit date hth e 1634 divided larga y b etope skullth , t divideA .hour-glassn a y db , ther some ear e further traces of inscription, and it was no doubt these that Reid read, in 1907, as 30 OF MAIE. 2 (3smalA ) l headstone watch-housee th ,n i als t ose , whic inscribes hi d DECEIST THE 24 OF MAY / 1633, but which lacks name or initials. (4) An even smaller headstone, similarly set, which, though undated, is pretty certainly of the seventeenth century t bearI . shielsa d which partes dividei d palr initiale dan pe / es th 1N G sW wastes it s a dchargedd r made detailfa an b o s n e n sca i out, : Dexter, four animals' heads erased; sinister, a saltire, on a chief three mullets. The owner of these arms t beeno ns identifiedha illegibln A ) undated (5 ean . d headstonf o ee b whic y hma seventeenth-century date, and which is of interest as bearing an anchor, no doubt in commemoration of a seaman. Set on the coping of the graveyard wall is (6) the pediment of what must have been a large wall-monument, no doubt of the late seventeenth century, topped by a massive finial. What may be fragments of the same monument anothef o sam e r ,o th f er o typ periodd ean buile ar , t int watche oth - house walls. Below this pedimen smala ) (7 l s headstonei t , probabl sevene th f yo - teenth century, showing what appeamaltster'a e b o rt s broo shoved man l saltirewise on a shield, and below this the initials G K in incised outline. To the east of the last e uppeth ) ri (8 sa largpar f o te headstone decorated with strapwork, funerary emblems and cherubs whose wings fit tightly under their chins. In the tympanum ther paia scalef s ei o r s dividin initiale . gth M sN Some of the later monuments are described and illustrated by Reid,3 but one of them deserves notice here. It is (9) a recumbent slab, perhaps originally the top of a table-tomb, measuring 6 ft. 7 in. by 3 ft. 4 in. Its upper end is divided into two lobes, likpanee double-headea eth f o l d edges niche it cavettoede d sar an e , th t A . hea f eacdo h divisio funerarf o nt se ther slae a y s th fooe i b emblems f th o t t a d an ,

1 Reid (A), p. 27 and fig. 7. 2 ibid., p. 23 and fig. 4. 8 ibid., pp. 20, 25 f.; figs. 2, 5, 6. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 25! there is, in the centre, a foul anchor, on the dexter side a sounding-lead and two pairs of compasses, and on the sinister a sextant, all in relief. The original inscription has been replaced by one of 1828, commemorating a potter; but it is fair to suppose that the stone may date from the turn of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, while the nautical emblems evidently relate to a seaman, or possibly to two. 22nd October 1959 Prestonpans, West Graveyard. 37 SE 385744 Wit e exceptiohth f Nosno .d 15 14an , whic recumbene hli rectangla n i t f eo cobbling in the north-west corner of the graveyard, the stones are set in its southern and western boundary-walls - Nos. i to 11 in the former and Nos. 12 and 13 in the latter. The here yar e describe clockwisa n di e order fro south-easte mth . Advantage s beeha n take photographf no s publishe late r Alath eM y ndb Reid, F.S.A.SCOT.n i , 1907^ as several of them show details which have now weathered away. (i) This small headston undateds ei e letterin th t bu ,g suggeste b y s thama t i t somewhat earlier than ijoj.2 It bears a sunk panel with a heavily moulded border, and on the panel a scrolled cartouche carved with a shield parted per pale and charged: Dexter a cross-crossle, t fi tehee (incised) between thre wolves'? [ e ] heads erased (relief); sinister, Erminois, on a fess an animal's head erased between two crescents-increscent suggestes A . Reidy db 3 these arms might represent Robertson impaling Craig a conclusio, n supporte initiale th 1CR y b dI s, whic incisee har d anchorn a s i p , to presumabl e aboveth t A marinera . r smalyA fo ) (2 l . headstone, very possibly of the seventeenth century, bearing the incised initials W M /1 M. (3) A small headstone, again undated, but perhaps to be allotted to the seventeenth centur strengte th letterings it n yo f ho t bearI . shiela s d which divide initiale sth s chargeds i / S 1d BR an , probabl Setonr yfo mulletA : chiea n o f, three crescents. e fragmen(4Th ) t ove e Bankse t th r sbadl w paneno ys i lweathered t Reid'bu , s illustration4 shows what appear to be two children, one of whom lies prone and is probably dead, together wit cheruha b holdin backgroune th anchorn gn a i d an ,d a cross-staff. These emblems suggest some connection with a mariner. (5) This monument, which is probably the upper part of a large headstone as an epitaph begins below the carving, is likely to be of the eighteenth century, but it deserves mention for the Masonic Arms (a chevron, bearing an open pair of compasses, between three towers, windowe battlementedd dan ) tha t beari theart-shapea n so d cartouche. headstoneA ) (6 5 , perhap late th e f seventeentso h century, which shows n ancho a s pedimentit smaln A i r ) (7 l .plai n headstone wit hroundea d top- in , scribe / HEE D dI R LYET . onls tota in / it 1647 y 6 f HF l . O heighft C ./ 2 f o t i ft. 8 in. was intended to appear above ground; its breadth is i ft. 7 in. (8) Part of a wall-monument6 showing a female figure standing in a round-headed niche flanked by Ionic columns, the pediment being elaborately carved with two cherubs support-

1 Reid (A). 2 Illustration ibid., fig. 8 on p. 29. 3 ibid., p. 28. 4 ibid., fig. 9 on p. 30. 5 Illustration ibid., fig. 10 on p. 31. Notwithstanding the resemblance to headstones of this and No. 10, evidence appeared during the rebuildin6 g of the boundary-wall which showed that both had been wall-monuments from the outset. I am indebted for this information to Dr J. S. Richardson. 252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l cartouchea g in , scrolls, fruit ,e woma etc.Th n wear a kiltes d outer skirt ovea r

pleated petticoat, which 1 probably indicate seventeente datsa th n ei h rather than ni e eighteentth h century r sleeve2he ; s come dow o belot n e r elbowssh whe d an , has ringlets falling to her shoulders. On her right side there stands a small child, and r lefhe t thero t e emblemar e f mortalityo s fragmenA ) a wall-monumen(9 .f o t t showing a woman with ringlets holding a child under either arm. This is precisely

paralleled by No. 8 at Aberlady. (10) Part of a wall-monument of th3 e same yellowish liko s t thae i d tan sandston bot8 . h musNo s producte a b t same th f eso workshop. womae Th n wear same sth e costum ringletsd thin echildrean i o t stw casbu s , enha on either side of her. Reid's illustration4 shows scallopping in the head of the niche, anchon cartouche a th d pedimente n o an rth n ei . (11 smalA ) l headstone5 witha sunk surface surrounded by a heavy moulding, and in general resembling No. i . probabltotas (q.v.)in it f 9 l . O heigh .ft mor o y2 n f eo t thas nwa . abou . in i ft 2 t intended to be above the ground; its breadth is i ft. 6 in. At the bottom there appear e relieth f initials , WwitL uncarven ha d block intende formatioe th e r th dfo f o n wife's initials; the lettering would accord with a seventeenth-century date. Above mason'a e ar s square, compasses whap to te , appearth boaste t a melld d o an rst an , shorta e b , thin bar. pediment(12e Th ) , restin wha n probabls go wa t basee yth f o , a large wall-monument, their style suggesting a seventeenth-century date. The

pediment contains an interestin6 g representation, in high relief, of a contemporary three-masted ship, with a high poop and a heavy, upward-pointing bowsprit. Two sails are set on the foremast and one each on the other two masts; the lower sail on the mainmast appears to be brailed up. The monument no doubt commemorates a ship's captain. (13) This stone now has the appearance of a panel, but its resemblance to Nos. i and 11 is sufficiently close7 to suggest that it may have been a small headstone from which the base has been cut away. It now measures 2 ft. 2 in. over its high finial, by i ft. 6 in. It bears, in relief, a shield parted per pale and charged: Dexter, a chevron between three fleurs-de-lys; sinister, a rose on a saltire. The moulding that surrounds the shield may or may not be intended to represent a tressure florye dexteTh . r charge suggest t beeno s n s Brownsinistee ha th e t on rbu , identified. Above the shield are the initials B B M L, and divided by its lower part is the date 1633d ,incorrectly by Reid as 1653. (14) The faceted slab of a table-

bearind an . epitapn in g a 5 tomb . ft h3 ,incisey measurinb . in d9 longitudinally. ft grea 6 , in capitals, on its flat central portion. This reads HERE LYES ROBERT PEDEN SHIPPE[R PRESTONPANN I ] S HUS/BAN O AGNIT S S DWA BLAI[KIE ] ] YEAR50 ? [ S / E MARC F AG O F Y DIEHO O E 1 5DA D 169 DWH TH 9AN AND ROBERAGES YEA 2 DIEHI O E .F RDO WH TH T N PEDE[NSO S HI / ] Beyond the end of the epitaph, and in larger letters, are the initials R P A B / R P, the A having a V-shaped cross-bar. One of the long facets bears a sextant and compasses, and the other a foul anchor and a sounding lead, all in relief. (15) The

1 Reid (A), fig. 11 on p. 32. I am indebted for this information to Mr Stuart Maxwell, who compares the skirt shown on the Lennox-

love 2sundial f 167o , 9 (Inventory, fig. 82). Reid (A). , 33 fig . p . 1n 2o 4 ibid. . , 34 fig . p . 1n 3o 5 ibid.. , 36 fig . .p 1n 43 o illustratione Se ' , ibid.6 ibid. , , lefpicture f centreo ,t 38 fig . picturef p . o . n 1 6o . GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 253 slab, again faceted f anotheo , r mariner's table-tomb. ft 3 y ,b measurin. in 7 . ft g6 5 in. and generally resembling the last. One lateral facet bears a foul anchor, a sextant and a sounding-lead, all in relief, together with a pair of compasses faintly incised epitapn A . smaln hi l capitals seem havo st acrosn ecentra ru e hea e th s th f do l space, while some letter f anothero s , carved longitudinally d trace a thirdan , f o s , scratched amon navigatine gth g instruments alsn seene oca ,b t nothin ;bu g significant themf o e .on y an f made o b t n eou ca 1958y lothMa , i2th Marc 26td han h November 1959 47467Saltoun.E N 6 4 8 e followinTh g stones were e graveyardnoteth n i d , (ismalA ) l headstone, wit n apicaa h e botto lth a shallo groov t f a mo t wecu notch t commemorateI . s MARGARET / WADLE, who died in [i]6g4 aged sixty-three. On the back are funerary emblems. (2) A plain headstone with a rounded top commemorating IAMES IOHNS/TOVN bacdiee o th 1658n d i kwh , n appeaO . initiale , th rF sM cut large. (3) A headstone with a truncated triangular top. One face shows the date 1679 cut very large above an inscription which is now illegible; the other, funerary emblems frame Renaissancy b d e ar ep decorationto e rakee th th f so n O . cut the initials A A and MI. (4) The slab of a table-tomb, probably of eighteenth- century date and now in re-use as a headstone. It is of some interest as exemplifying a type of cherub-head which has wings fitting closely under the chin, as noted in several case t Prestonpansa Tranend san t (cf . 223).p . In addition to the tombstones, mention should be made of (5) a wall-monument affixenorte th ho t d churche gablth f eo , ove burial-vaulte th r consistw no a f t I so . very heavily moulded frame from whic hpanela doubo n , t inscribe r heraldicdo , and measuring 2 ft. 8 in. square, has evidently disappeared; and above this a triangular pediment with lighter mouldings which terminate in a fleur-de-lys. On the sunk field of the pediment there appears, in relief, SD/i6RKFB 67, the pairs of initials bein n monogragi n meaci h e caseinitialTh . s represen r RoberSi t t Fletche Saltounrof matriculatewho , d arm 1672-7, swifin his e Damxand e Katherine Bruce, daughte r HenrSi f o ry Bruc f Clackmannan.eo f monogramo Thi e sus s i s

peculiar, but may have been suggeste2 d by the triangular shape of the field on which they stand, as this is not well suited to what would have been a more normal arrangement of the initials, namely S / R F on the dexter side and D / K B on the sinister. 2nd June 1958, ist May 1960 Seton Collegiate 41875 W Church.N 7 4 1 This church has recently been restored by the Ministry of Works, and some of graveslabe th pavingw sne have .th e The n i bee note t yar nse , strictly speaking, graveyard monuments, in particular No. 4, though this is reported to have been dug up outside the church in 1849*; but a selection of them is recorded here for com-

parison with similar example seee s graveyardb whicn i o t e har s elsewher e- whethe r Burke1 , Landed Gentry, ed. 1952, .?.z>. Fletcher of Saltoun. 2 Recorde Bruce th n dei pedigree, Lyon Office. 3 P.S.A.S., xxn (1887-8) . 181p , . 254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l these have been there from the outset or have been brought from inside the churches e restoratioth n I . f wasteno d inscription s bees ha som ne madus e f o e readings lat e r Georggiveth eM y nb e Seton, F.S.A.SCOT. recordeo wh , d them, though not always correctly, in iSsi.1 (i) A slab discovered by the Ministry of Works during the restoration, and now choie flooe th th f rse o rn nea ti ease rth t end.s Beforwa uppet s i los it e d f eth so ren probably 5 ft. 7 in. long; its breadth is 2 ft. 9^ in. An incised line defines a blank marginal band 3! in. wide, and the enclosed space is occupied by a Calvary cross, arme e line th trefoilsn f whice i dee th so sharpld ar sl d pan Al hen . y a cut d ,an very small cross, resembling a mason's mark, is incised on the blank field to the sinister side of the cross-shaft. (2) Another Calvary cross-slab, lacking its upper siniste rimmediatelt cornese d an r ygenera sizn d . i I sout.e an No f ho l appearance it matches No. i closely, but differs from it in that the marginal band has been trimmed off the sinister side, with the result that the cross is now off the central line

to the sinister. When intact2 , the slab was probably about 3 ft. 2 in. in breadth. (3fragmentA ) lyinw no g, loose slaa whicn f bo o , h appear incisee sth d outlina f eo chalice high. 8Jin . Besid incises i t ei narroda w band doubo n , marginate parth f to l band of the slab, which bears some illegible Gothic letters. This fragment may be compared wit . 1t Tranent3a h No matri A ) (4 x. ston gref eo y marble which, though found outsid churce eth h (supra), mus supposee b t havo dt e originated withit I . nit measures 7 ft. 4 in. by 3 ft. 7 in. and has been broken across and repaired. As shown by Seton, brase 3th s depicte dfigura e unde canopa r y with finials whole th , e being surrounded by a band which no doubt bore the epitaph. (5) A slab set in the floor on the south side of the choir, measuring 5 ft. 3 in. by 2 ft. 5 in. It bears a sunk marginal band containing the epitaph in relief capitals; the opening words are lost, sinistee breae th th followin e n f ko th reao e r b t sidd d dn bu en ean fro gca e mth finishing with four transverse lines acros e uppeth s r portion4: STEVART SONE CAPTA/NO T E IAME S/ STEVAR CARDONAF TO L QV[A / ?DE(CEI)]SI T ON / THE 18 OF / FEBRVAR / R 1608 S. The baptismal initial R, which Seton missed, identifies the person commemorated as Robert Stewart of Cardonald, who succeeded his father between 1580 and I582 and married the daughter of the first

Lord Seton.6 Below the end of the epitaph appea5 r successively a shield, MEMENTO MOR skul a cross-bonesd d an l an I shiele th ; chargeds di : Quarterly , 4thd isan t , three fleurs-de-lys, for France; 2nd and 3rd, a fess cheeky, for Stewart; at fess a line of buckles Aubignyr fo , ;inescutcheon a ove l al r n charged wit hsaltira e engrailed between four roses, for Lennox. All the decoration is in relief. (6) A very massive in.5 lyin w y )b no g . loos in broked 9 ean . ft n3 inty b o . fouft sla 7 b( r piecesA . marginal epitaph, incised betwee grooveso tw n , reads: HEIR LYIS DAVID SETON E/ VRIGH T BVRGE EDINBVRGF SO H SPO[VS [H]E/LEIO T ] N

1 ibid., pp. 176, 181 ff. 2 Seton's illustration (fig. i on p. 182 of P.S.A.S. as cited) shows that this was done before 1851. 3 ibid., . fig2 . The general arrangement is shown in Seton's illustration (ibid., fig. 3) though the details are given incorrectly4 . 5 Compare R.P.C. (1578-85) . 31p , 9 with R.M.S., 1580-93 454. No ,. 6 P.S.A.S., citeds a . 183p , . GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 255 BRAND QVHA F IVLIDE/CEISIO Y E DA 1632 VINTON 2 TI 2 . E NTH Rather abov centre e th relie a s ei f shield, parte palr chargedd dpe e an : Dexter, three crescents, for Seton; sinister, three unidentifiable charges1 on a bend, in chief two mullets. Above the shield is a label inscribed D S H B, and below, in outline, a wright's insignia - compasses, square, and axe, the last very large. (7) Part of another very large slab, lying loose, which now lacks its upper end but is 3 ft. 5 in. . thickin t widbear6 I . y eb wastesa d shiel parmarginad a f dan o t l epitapa n ho sunk band, but of the latter there can only be read ALISONE MORTANE QVA DE/CEI[SIT SETO[NN I ] . [M]BE . . / ] R i6[o]4 n 185I . 1 Seto abls o t enwa recor shielde dth beins 2a g parte palr chargedd dpe e an : Dexter, three crescentsr fo , Seton; sinister, three roses or cinquefoils. (8) The upper part of a slab, lying loose, which is 2 ft. ii in. wide by 5 in. thick. A marginal epitaph in relief in a sunk channel reads HEIR LYIS IOHNE SE/T[ON] ... [T]O MARGA[RET. . . ] [A]VGVST. . . . Near the top is a shield charged, for Seton: Three crescents; it divides the initials I [S]. (9) Two articulating fragments of a slab, lying loose, which is 2 ft. 3 in. wide by 4^ in. thick. Of the epitaph, which is in relief on a sunk marginal band, there can be read HEIR LYIS GEOR/GE LIVISTO[N] . . . [QVHA DEJCEISIT T[HE] ..[F]EBRVAF O . R 1608. Belo shiela s wi d dividine gth initials G L and charged: Four mullets, one, two and one. Seton suggests3 that the person commemorate Johs di n Livingston Saltcoatsf eo marrieo wh , illegitimatn da e

daughter of the fourth Lord Seton. ^ j o Ig6 y 2 h anuar d an d 22n Smeaton House. 57 NE 593784 A fifteenth-century grave-cover d sandstonre f o 4s unearthed ewa , many years ago, durin constructioe gth approacw vanishene e a th f no o ht d mansio Smeatonf no , and now stands, set in a modern pedestal (PI. XVI, 2), in an enclosed garden in the policies poine Th fount whic.s a t wa understoos di t hi havo dt e been about 160 yds. north-east of the parish church of Prestonkirk and about 50 yds. north-west of the road from East Linton to Tyninghame,5 in an area now known locally as 'The Monks' Garden', but it had most probably been taken there from the pre-Reforma- tion church or its immediate vicinity. Its present height above the pedestal is 5 ft. 8 in.; it tapers in breadth from i ft. 4 in. at the top to i ft. i in. at the base and its thickness is 7 in. The main feature of the decoration is a Calvary cross, in relief; the cross-head is floreate and the steps of the mound, of which only the upper two are pedestalcleare th f , o roundede ar , t rectangularno , . Flankin dextee gth e r th sid f eo shaft is a relief panel bearing, at the upper end, a cross botonny in relief within suna k roundel belod an ; w this, indicate incisey db d lines swora , d wit trilobeha d pommel and quillons turned slightly downwards at their ends. On the sinister side is paia shearf o r reliefn si belod an , w these another stri panelf po , apparently never carved margie slae Th .worketh s b i f no d wit hroll-mouldinga . 16th January 1960 Seton (op. cit., p. 184) gives 'roses or cinquefoils', and compares the arms of Brand of Baberton; three mascle1 s on a bend, in chief three mullets. His illustration (fig. 5 on p. 185) is not correct in detail. 2 ibid., with illustratio . 185p n n fig. o .6 3 ibid. . 181p , . 4 Inventory, . 152No . 5 Information fro r DavimM d Wilson, East Linton. 256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l Spott Parish Church. 67 NE 674755 This graveyar poos di stonen ri s identifiably older tha neighteente 1707th t bu , h century brings a considerable increase in numbers. Only the following were noted. (1) A headstone with a shaped and grooved top commemorating IOHN IAGSON, age0 70 ddier o eas e fifty-sixn dwh i th t n facO e. appea versese th r : DEATLOST NO S S HI RATHET BU R GAIN DIEINY B E GWE F I LIFE ATTAIN. (2) A grave-marker of red sandstone 13 in. high, 7^ in. wide and 4^ in. thick (PI. inscribes i t I . d5) , IAMEXX headston S/ / A IACKSO1704 ) 2 4 (3 . E eAG N / wit htrilobata e top maie th , n inscriptio whicf no weatheres hha d away t whicbu , h wely lma date fro seventeente mth h century wese Th t. face bear panelsa , defined b ymouldina g which follow generae sth l outlin stonee withith d f eo an , n this moulding there is another panel, similarly defined but rectangular, which divides the initials I Y, in high relief. The inner panel contains a relief device resembling two fleurs-de-lys conjoined and vertically opposed. There are also one or two sarcophagi, a type of monument which is not common in East Lothian. , , , , 22nd March 1959

Stenton Parish Church. 67 SW 622743 Only three stones in this churchyard date from before 1707. (i) A recumbent slab, now raised clear of the ground, which measures 5 ft. 11 in. by 2 ft. 11 in. and bears four set f epitaphso s e firsTh t . reads HERE LYES IOHN DODO WH S / DIED MARCH THE 21 / DAY 1677 AND OF AGE 70 / YEARS & IEAN COKBURN / HIS SPOUS WHO DIED IUN(E) / THE 6 DAY 1677 & OF THEIAND AGE / R CHILDREN54 . Wha presumablare t children'ythe s initials follow, AD/WD/WD/GD, separated on each line by a wide blank space so that they form two vertical columns, of four letters each, one on either side of the slab. Next comes the epitaph of IAMES DODS, who died in 1762 aged twenty-five, and of his brothers and sisters HELEN, ALEXANDER, IOHN and ISABEL; followed by that of their parents ISABEL RUSSEL, who died in 1773 aged sixty-two d IAMEan , S DODS dieo n 178di wh , 5 aged seventy-eight. This James may have been the grandson of the original John. Finally a nineteenth- century epitaph of PETER DODS has been inserted in the blank space between the column f seventeenth-centuro s y initials e wholth , e monument illustratinn a n gi interesting way how a family might stick to its burying-place for a matter of two hundred years. (2) A small headstone on which only the date 1666 can now be read. The top is trilobate, and the inscription was borne on a sunk panel with a moulded border. (3) A small headstone (PI. XX, 2) set against the north wall. It has a low gable witp dto h faclugse eOn .bear relien s i initial e fth flankin W sI cheruga b head belod an , w thes hour-glasn ea treea lattee d th , san r wit unidentifien ha d object GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 257 bass it carpenter'a ey e b whicb y hma s plant Bolton) a bottoe 2 th e . t (cfmA No . . are two sets of cross-bones. On the other face is incised the epitaph of IOHN WOOD who died in 1676 aged fifty-four, and below this a longish inscription, probably pious verses, of which nothing significant can now be read. On the sinister rake of the gable ther charactea s ei r resemblin t consistinbu , W e placthregf n a i g o th s f eo V dextee symboa usuath e n on ro ll d tworesemblinan , ghearta , bot reliefn hi e Th . tree, and possibly the plane as well, may contain a punning allusion to the name 'Wood'. (4) Another small headstone, with a bilobate top and funerary emblems deeplo tw sen yi t recesse seventeentde panelsth f o alsy e ob ma , h century t whatbu , - ever inscription its other face may once have borne seems to have been dressed off. The later memorials include (5) three bevelled and heavily decorated slabs which probable ar y collapsed table-tombs thef o me on ;bear eighteenth-centurn sa y date and the others are illegible. There are also (6) two reredos-monuments of the mid- eighteenth century Classicaf o , l desig witd nan h backs whic wele har l buil ashlaf to r masonry. The one illustrated (PI. XVIII, 2) is 10 ft. 6 in. high to the top of its finial ~b mfty5 3 - m greatest width dates i t I .d 175 beard usua5e an sth l decoratio funf no - erary emblems, swags, strapwork, etc., and a large cherub-head at the top of the inscribed pedimen e breae panelth th f kn o I . t uppee therth s ei r parhumaa f o t n figure holdin gskulla . 5th August 1959 Tranent Parish 40273 Church.W S 7 4 5 This graveyard contains the most notable collection of memorials to be found in the whole of East Lothian. Some of them have already been described by the late Mr Alan Reid, F.S.A.SCOT.,X and by the Ancient Monuments Commissioners,2 and matter so published is incorporated here, as necessary, for the sake of completeness. Error thesn si e earlier accounts, when found, have been corrected without individual comments. Wall-monuments, (i) The only wall-monument now showing a date earlier than 1707 is the one associated with the Vallange (Vallance) family.3 The date is in the pediment, divided by an heraldic cartouche, and its two dexter figures have weathere restoree b n dca d awayt i wit t hbu ; complete confidenc s [i6]g2a e e Th . monument is set in the south wall of the graveyard, towards its east end, and is flanked by two plain, jamb-like members with slightly out-turned tops. Being 14 ft. 4 in. in height it rises considerably above the wall, which has been raised at that point to support its upper portion; its breadth is 7 ft. 2 in. exclusive of the flanking uprights t I comprise. a pedestals , decorated with cherub head d funeraran s y emblems, fro e advancemth d lateral portion whicf so h rise Ionic columns flanking centrae th l inscribed panel. Capitals, architrav friezd ean e have weathered badly since Reid's photograph was taken. Cornice and pediment are dentilated and heavily moulded througd ,an pedimenbreae e hth th kn i t there rise richlsa y decorated heraldic achievemen cartoucha - t e frame cornucopiasy b d topped an helm y db , mantling and crest, the last now unidentifiable. The cartouche is parted per pale, 1 Reid (B) and Reid (C). * Inventory, No. 190. 3 Illustration in Reid (B), fig. 9 on p. 126. 358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l but the sinister coat has weathered away; the dexter half is charged: A saltire, ensigned wit unidentifiabln ha e charge, betwee four? n[ ] annulets e inscribeTh . d panel, wit nineteenth-centurs hit y Vallance epitaphs replacementa s e i , th s a d an , water-bougets of the Vallance arms do not appear in the heraldic achievement it is tempting to suppose that this monument originally belonged to some other family,, takes wa nVallancee d oveth an y b r sbecomd afteha t i r e derelict t eitheA . r sidf eo the monument there is a scrolled truss, upon which stands a cherub holding a funerary emblem. Further west on the same wall are (2, 3) two smaller monuments of the same type as No. i, both of which are now illegible. Reid illustrates both, and records 1718

as the date of the one associated with the Hynd family. Two wall-monument1 s (4, 5) e easth t n boundaro e oldeth f rgraveyarde yo parth f o t e probablar ye th als f o eighteenth century thesf o e illustrates ei on ; Reid.y db 2 Headstones, etc. Headstones, recumbent slab table-tombd san describee sar a n di single series, from west to east. (6) This stone is in the lower portion of the graveyard. It is a recumbent slab measuring 5 ft. 4 in. by 2 ft. 7 in., which bears in relief a shield flanked by the initials A F /1 C and charged, presumably for Ferguson: A lion rampant surmount- baton.a g in rectangulaA 3 r cavity measurin bees ha n . 1y 0hollowein gb . 12in o dt a dept . approximatel in f i ho centrslab e e Thi) th th (7 t f .sy a eo headstone leans agains norte th t hchurche walth f o l burial-aislee , westh f o t e epitapw Th .no s hi recorn illegibleo s i s commemoratin da t bu , g George Galhuaye s childrehi d an sn John, James, Alexande Margaretd ran , wit date hth e pedimene 1702.th n I * t above the epitaph there appear four naked children, and the other face bears, among rich decoration of cornucopias, intertwined flame-like bands, and funerary emblems, a man's hea shoulderd dan s frame wreata y b d h and, above cartoucha , e inscribed G G / A H. The figure wears bands at the neck and a skull-cap with a decorated border. (8) A small panel with a moulded border, bearing a skull and a single bone in inscriben reliea n o f d background e epitapTh . s incisehi Roman di n script, perhaps by an amateur carver to judge by the obscurities in the last line; it reads: HERE LYES ALEXR STRATH/EARN TAYLER IN TRANENT / AND JANN DUNAM / HIS SPOUS HI DID SEPT 1662 / THE . . . DON BI THE . . . SON. This panel form paia s r witt seemi nexte t hth bu s, unlikel wero ye tw e th tha e th t end-supports of a table-tomb5 as 1662 would be an exceptionally early date for a table-tomb in this region. (9) Another small panel, similar to the last and lying e design,besidTh . eit 6 whic reliefn i s hi , show womaa s n wearin gshort-sleevea d dress and having on either side of her three children - all the figures appearing from behind a bed with massive bedposts and a heavy, fringed bedspread. The epitaph, whic incise hs backgrounde i th n do , reads HERE LYES MARGRAT JOH/NSTON AND HER CHILDREN. The similarity of this stone to the last suggests that Margaret Johnsto havy nma e been another wif Alexandeo t e r Strathearn. (roA )

1 ibid., figs, ii and 12 on pp. 128 and 129. 2 ibid., fig. 13 on p. 131. 3 For illustration see Reid (C), fig. 7 on p. 147 4 Reid (B), pp. 147 f. and figs. 31 and 32. 6 Reid (B), p. 152. 6 Illustration in Reid (B), fig. 34 on p. 151. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 259 headstone commemorating n i Roma, n script, MARGARAT STANNER/ S ADASPOUSO T S M EWA PARSON E SHOE/MAKE TANNED RAN / N RI [place-name illegible]. She died in 1700 aged sixty-seven. Above the inscription there appear crownee sth d rounding-knife bace Cordinerse th th th f ko f n eo o d an , stone the initials A P / M S with funerary emblems. (11) This headstone, the epitaph of which is now illegible, was read by Reid as dating from 1708, but deserves mention here both for its artistic quality and also for the figure of a sower, dressed lona n i g coat, that appear wess it tn so face . Reid attribute Alexandeo t t si r William- son, farmer in Elphinstone, and his two illustrations1 show it considerably less weathered than it is at present. (12) A perfectly plain recumbent slab measuring 5 ft. 10 in. by 4 ft. The inscription, which is in large capitals apart from the fairly Romaa regula f o , e covernU us r whole th s e surfac edgese th e t cono I right . p -u t tains a number of faults, and reads as follows2: HIC IACET GEORIOU[S]/ BALCANQUAL / ARTIBU N LI S MAGISTER/ M(AGIST)RI ROBERTI BALCAN/QUALLHUIUSPARO/CHIAEPASTORIS QUI/GILANTISSIMI FILIU S/ NAT VIUIN I UM STERTIUDU / I SQU ERAT / VITAE INTEGRITATE / NIORUM PROBITATE / ANIMIQ(UE) CANDOR E/ PAUCI S FUIT SECUN/DUS VI(T)AM HAN G/ TERRENA M ET CAD/UCAM CUM / CAELESTI ET AETER/NA COMM[U]TAUIT / NOV[EMBRI SAN(NO)8 / ]DOM(INI ) 1638 AETATI S/ SUA . ('HerE39 e lies George Balcanquall, M.A., third son of Mr Robert Balcanquall, most vigilant pasto f thio r s parish, who s amon, whilwa n e livingi e gth eh s secon w fe wa , o dt integrit lifef yo , probit moralf yo fervencd san mindf yo exchangee H . d this earthly and uncertain life for the heavenly and eternal one on 8th November, in the year of our Lord 1638, aged thirty-nine.') George Balcanquall is on record as a preacher but neves wa r ministe Tranentf ro memoriae 3th ; fathers diehi o o 1664,n t ldwh i ,- re s *i disappearedw cordeno s Reidy dha b t 5bu . (13 recumbenA ) . longin 4 ,. ft 7 t slaw bno though originally longee uppeth s a rr . wideedg e . in i ft s missingTh ei .4 d an , epitaph, whic relien i s hi f Gothic characters containes i , marginaa n di l band; owing to the loss of the top it now begins only at the upper sinister corner, while its end, on the dexter side, has also suffered damage. It may be restored as follows: [HIG IACET DOMINJUS ALEXANDER CRAUFURD QUONDAM UICARIUS [D]E TRANENT QUI OBIIT [?UI]I DIE MENS(IS) D[EC](EM)B(RIS) [AN] . . . ('Here lies Sir Alexander Craufurd, formerly vicar of Tranent, who died on the Decembef [?7tho y yeae ]da th r n ...')ri . After UICARIUS ther spaca s ei e 8. |in long which doe seet sno m eve havo t r e been inscribed centrae Th . l panel containsa Calvary cross on a stepped base, 4 ft. 10 in. long over all, the arms of which end in trefoils; on its dexter side 'a late form of chalice, i ft. 8 in. long, is incised, and on the siniste shiela s ri d bearing withi nbordura fesea s ermine', Craufurdr 6fo chien i d f an , mullea t dividin saminitiale e 7 Thigwelth th y C. ee b slma AlexandesA r Craufurd

1 Reid (B), figs. 27 and 28 on pp. I44f. 2 Some letter illegiblw sno e have been supplied from Reid (C) . 143,p . 3 Fasti, . 396ip , . 4 ibid. 6 Reid (C), p. 143. 6 Inventory, p. 114. 7 Rubbings of this shield, and of the chalice and at refoil limb-end, are reproduced in Reid (C), fig. 2. 260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1960-61 who was a clerk of the Chapel Royal and died before roth May I4Q0.1 (14) A headstone bearin inscriptionso gtw , botlargelw whicf hno o e y har illegible e th f O . ease th t n faco e onl on date y th read e b 169 n , 0whil ca see e b othee o nt en th ca r relate to a family of Setons, the earliest date being 1710. The east face also bears a cartouche showin e Masonigth c achievement squareA : , charged wit ha pai f o r compasses, chevronwise between three castles.2 (15) A small headstone lying loose on a recumbent slab. It has been broken in two and is in much worse preservation than when photographe Reiy db igio.n di t bearI s fluted pilasters indicaten do

the flat, with cornice, frieze an3 d decorated pediment. Of the inscription, which is between the pilasters on the face not figured by Reid, it is possible to read, or to restore from his record, the following epitaph, which is partly in the form of an elegiac couplet: [FR]VGALI[T]A/TE VALENS FIDVS VAL/LA IV[IT] A[D / ][ASTJR A QUI[PPE SUJI S/ CHA[RU] S OM/NIBVS EQUUS [ER]AT/ [AE]TATE [VE]R [OBII6 6 O / T A]NNO / i6[7g] . ('Stron frugalityn gi , faithful Wallace has gone to the stars. He was dear to his own people and just to all. He died in the year 1679 aged sixty-six.') The use, in the interests of Latin scansion, of 'Valla' for 'Wallace' can be paralleled on Sir John de Graham's tomb at Fal- kirk.4 (16) Thi larga admirabld s si ean y executed headstone, bearin gparticularla y fine representation of the butcher's axe, cleaver and hooks. It probably dates from the turn of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but its original inscription has been remove leavo dt fresea h surface existinth r fo eg nineteenth-century epitaphs of the Kedglie family. The west face has been well illustrated by Reid,5 whose figure shows vine-scrolls takin place gth e usually fille pilastersy b d e tradth , e insignin ao a cartouche which extends well up into the pediment, and at the top a lion mask wit hprotrudina g tongu paia cornucopiaf d o r ean mouthe th chaie n si Th .n from which han butcher'e gth s hook shows si comins na g from unde lion'e th r s tongue. table-tom(17e Th ) b attribute Rei y familda b o losd t epitapw s Scottsf ytit o no s h6ha and date, but its resemblance to the Seton tomb (infra), of 1706, suggests that it may be more or less contemporary. It is 3 ft. 8 in. high and its faceted slab measures constructes i t I . same in th 6 en d . i manne ft Setoe 3 th y s b n ra . tomin 6 . b7 ft and , like it, has a large medallion fixed to the central support on either side. The decoratio equalls ni mads same i y e th richsymboli f eus d o an , c cherub-figure combinan si - tion wit embleme hth mortalityf so e lionTh . mask with cornucopia soute th hn so medallion may be compared with the one on No. 16. The mark on the skull on the east facet is intended to represent a suture, not a split as supposed by Reid. (18) A plain, shouldered headstone wit hroundea d top, leaning agains soute th t h walf o l the church. It bears two epitaphs and, above them, the initials R G and A F. The upper epitaph, which is imperfect, commemorates [Christian name illegible] GILMORE / TAILER dieo i68[?8]n dwifs i wh , hi e d AGNIan , S FIFE lowee ;th r

1 ibid. . 141p , . Masonie 2Th c characte thesf ro e arm proves i theiy db r occurrenc unmistakabln a en i y Masonic context at 36 Silver Row, Falkirk (R.C.A.M., Inventory of Stirlingshire, No. 426).

Reid (B), fig . 137p . 1n .9o R.C.A.M., Inventory of Stirlingshire, . 152p .

4 53 Reid (B), fig. 26 on p. 143. 6 Reid (C), pp. 148 ff. and figs. 8 and 9. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 261 one AGNIS FOWLER SPOUS ROBERO T E/ T GILMORE MERCHANN I T / TRANENT, who died in 1689 aged fifty-one. There follows the motto MANET POST FUNERA VIRTUS ('Virtue lives beyon grave')e dston th e bace th f eTh k.o cannot be seen at present. (19) A headstone likewise leaning against the church wall, besidillegibls i . 18t I .eNo e pediment e aparth n i t fro H initiale I ; mth B sT but it may well date from the later seventeenth century, and it is also worthy of notice because it bears both the Hammermen's insignia, which can be felt on its inaccessible face, and also characteristic cherub-heads with wings fitting closely under their chins. (20) Thi headstona s si e wit hfour-lobea d top, showing somewhat debased Ionic half-shafts and a cherub-head with strongly incurving wings. In the pediment on the west face there is a large thistle dividing the initials W A / [?G] M. e epitaphsTh ease th , t n whicface o badle e ar ,see e har yb npreservedn ca t i t bu , thaearliese th t f theo t m commemorates WILLIAM ALLAN dieo n 1689i dwh , , e otherth d s an eighteenth-century member Allae th f no s family fronn I f .thi o t s headstone there lies (21 facetea ) d slab doubo n , table-tomba t f originallo p to e yth , associated with the same family1; nothing significant can now be made of the epitaph, but the initials D A / E L are still quite clear at the head. It may well be contemporar t Aberlada y5 wit. hNo y (1712) r eveo , nproduca same th f eo t workshop s bota , h sho wa 'deid-bell a shove d closn an i l' e association. (22 richlA ) y decorated headstone. The west face bears, at the top, the initials I M separated by a mill-rind in a ring; below these a reclining male figure with a book; and below this agai inscriben na d cartouch fore draperyth f m o n ei inscriptione Th . , whics hi in Roman script, is not clear, but it appears to commemorate IOHN / SON TO IOHN MILLER dieo n 169di wh , 3 age dease initiale fifteenth tth n face O sar e. / , wit1M S I h elaborate funerary emblems. (23 larg)A e headston wella n i -t ese built masonry base exemplifyind an , contemporare gth y styl Classicaf eo l decoration richess it most d a an t t elaborate. e epitaphTh 2 wese , th whic tn faco s hi e between Ionic half-shafts inciseds i , , partl capitaln yi partld san Roman yi w nno scripts i d an , not fully legible; but it can be seen to commemorate THOMAS WAUGH / GLAZIER IN T[RANENT], and the date of death, which has been recut, is 1705. Within the pediment, which is bordered with heavy spiral scrolls, there appears a hand holdin lozenga p gu e pan glassf eo , together wit interestinn ha g representation of a glazier's insignia - compasses, a square, a blowing-iron with a knob-shaped end, a light hammer and a pontil, the small iron rod used in the handling of molten glass (PL XVII, 3). The east face shows emblems of mortality between fluted pilasters, and in the pediment a cartouche inscribed T W and framed by flowing scrolls. (24verA ) y fine headstone comprising n eitheo , r face a decorate, d centre-piece between pilasters, a frieze, a cornice and an elaborately carved pediment. The 3 pilaster advancee sar theirn di upper parts westere th , n ones being decorated dan the others fluted. The west face shows, at the bottom, the divided date 1635, and higher up a floreated cartouche charged: A [Pwolf's] head erased between three 1 Reid (C) fig. 14d p ,. .5 an 2 Reid . (B)14p 1n , o fig(foreground 4 .2 . 14p 2n o figd (background) 5 an ).2 . 3 Illustration cleareA s. ibid.23 r picturd ,wes e an figs th 2 f t2 . eo fac gives ei P.S.A.S.,n i xci (1957-8), PI. I. 262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, ig6o-6l mullets; on a chief three crosses.1 Above this there is a large cherub-head under a frieze nicheth a mottoen o ; , evidently intendeVIVC SI SEMPET r EU dfo R/ VIVAS, has been recut wrongly, with SERPE for SEMPER; at the ends of the tympanue th n i d same man th S e initial e initiald friezth an e smonogramA ar en s i . On the east side there are a large skull and cross-bones, and a raised and moulded panel from whic inscriptioe hth s weatherenha d away frieze th ; decorates i e d dan initiale th appeaC sI monogran i r tympanume th mn i . (25 recumben)A t slaf bo late medieval date, measuring 6 ft. 3 in. by 3 ft. i in. and now cracked across obliquely. It bears a marginal band 3 J in. wide, set 3 in. in from the edges, on which seee b nn somca e illegible trace letteringf so withid an ; n thi Calvara s y cross with pointed limbs and heart-shaped figures between them evidently intended to give the effect of a floreated head.2 The mound is sloping, not stepped, and the whole decoratioe th . longdesig l ft 5 Al .incisen s ni i s ni d line. (26 larg)A e headstont ese masonra n i y basshowind ean e usuagth l Classical decoration e easTh t. facs i e divided intround-toppeo otw d panels which were originally inscribed t nothinbu , g significant can be read on either apart from the date 1699 on the dexter one. Part of the sinister one seems to have been defaced by chiselling. (27) A headstone notabl double th r efo e spirals that borde pediments it r spirae th r l fo ,decoratio f no the half-shafts that flank its lower portion, and for the butcher's insignia - cleaver, axe and callipers on a chain - that appear within a roundel on its east face. The name OUTERSIDES is still faintly legible in the inscription below this roundel, appeaH E monograd n anri initiale an d th west-facine O sI th mn i g pedimentt bu ; the date 1669, recorded by Reid, has disappeared. (28) A small headstone with a 3 rounde grooved dan d toprathee th , r rough workmanshi whicf po h contrasts with excellence th Tranene f mosth eo f o t t memorials shows A . Reid'n ni s illustration,4 it has been cracked across horizontally, and today the upper part is lying prone. Of the epitaph, which is on the west face, there can be read HEIR LYE/TH IOHN SH/EIL TAILYOWE R/ HWSBAN / ALISO O DT N IACK/SON NI PAINSTO[N / ]WHfO] ease Th t . face bear tailor'sa s goos e scissorsd th ean d an , date 1680 belo fracturee w line th thef th eo mottn me o 5 th ; o MEMENTO MORIE is cut on the raised marginal band, and at the bottom some illegible initials are divided by a skull and cross-bones. (29) This is a recumbent slab which has been wor r weathereno d show w smooth featureno o n s d an , s excep larga t e bull's head executed in very high relief on a wasted shield. The height of the relief is remarkable, as the head, even in its present wasted condition, stands 3^ in. above the surface of slabe e monumenth Th . probabls i t Turnbulla o y t dats it unknowns t ei bu , . (30) Wit possible hth et Pencaitland a exceptio 7 . No f no finese , thith s si t table-tomn bi the county (PI. XIX, 3). Its slab measures 7 ft. 6 in. by 3 ft. 8 in, and rests on a slab-built body; thi turn si supportes ni legsx whicsi f o ,y foude b hth r corner ones are shaped and the two central ones plain, for the attachment of massive, ornate

1 Whethe cross-potenf ro cross-patr o t uncertainyw forno ms i . 2 Illustration Reid (B), fig. 33 on p. 150. 3 ibid. . 13 ; . figspp ,133 f. pp . 5 .f d 1n 18o 7 an 4 ibid., fig. 21. firse Th t three figure identificatioe cleare th sar d an ,fourte th f confirmes nho i drawinga y db , probably eighteen-sixtiese madth n ei 6 , whic preserves hi thin di s Society' collectionS sM . , seria44 . no l GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 263 medallions. The total height is 3 ft. 9 in. The southern medallion is in place, and show hign si h relie mala f e bust wearin neckclotha d gcurlea sidee an th g st dwi a ; cornucopiase ar e otheTh . r medallio t oves beee se nha th r n w removedno s i d an , garden entrance at 205 Church Street; it bears a cartouche, the markings on which e madcannob w e no outt , within a floreate d framee bod e sideth e f yar Th o s. decorated with figures symbolical of agricultural operations and natural growth, culminatin eatine th breadf n gfiguree gi o th cherubie l sar al ; c apart frowhice mon h represent sowersa e endTh s. show funerary emblems cherua , b hea floreated dan d ornament slae facete vere th b ar Th f y.o s richly decorated cartouched an , s placed centree southerne th th n f o so , wester northerd nan n ones bear respectivel yrever-a sing monogram ] /AHS initiale relief n W , i trace,th , ? S [ incisedf o f ,sW so d an , reversina g monogra , alsH o A incisedf mo originae Th . l epitaphn i t , whiccu s hwa Italic lettering longitudinally on the horizontal portion, is now badly wasted, but name th e WILLIAM SETO Nstils i l legible; Reid 1910n abl,i s recordo ewa t , that 1 t commemoratei d William Seton, farme wifs Setonn hi i re d Agnean , s Hutchison, date th e being 1706. (31 headstonA ) e wit elaborateln ha y shaped pediment bor- pairo dere doublf tw s o y db e spirals profusioa d an , cheruf no blattee headsth l r Al . have wings whic t tightlhfi y under their chins e easTh t. face bear e insignith s a of a quaichmaker — compasses, axe and rounded scraper with a central grip — abovd an e same the Breliee Th mM .e th initiald f e initialan seee th M sar n ni sD west-facing pediment, traced in incised outline. There are two epitaphs, both poorly preserved, the earlier of which commemorates DAVID MATHE[R] / QUAIGHMAKER WHO DIED / THE 22 OF SEPTR 1687 AGED [?6]5 / YEARS AND MARGARET BRON[??] / HIS SPOUSE. Reid read the wife's surnam 191n ei BROUN,s 0a thid san may factn , i wha e s originallb , wa t y intended;

s beeha nt i garble o e cuttings th f e i seconn di t Th .bu d epitaph commemorate2 s IOHN MATHE[R] also a quaichmaker and presumably son to David, who died in 1756 aged seventy-seven. Reid states that David Mather was buried at Ormiston Hall, but there is no mention of this i3n the inscription and no memorial to him can now be found in Ormiston graveyard. In conclusion, attention may be drawn to several faceted slabs similar to No. 21, evidentl tope ytable-tombf th so s which have lost thei lyinw rno g supporte ar d san prone. Non thef eo mlegibls i doubo yn l datedal t t belon earle bu , th yo gt eighteenth or very late seventeenth century. Some example e note ar sReid y b d , with good illustrations.4 Various dates in 1958 and 1959 Tyninghame 61979 W ChurchN 7 6 7 The following were noted at Tyninghame Church, now the private burial-place

of the Earls of Haddington. (i) A slab of red sandstone5 measuring 3 ft. by i ft. gf in. and 4 in. thick, bearing faint traces, incised in outline, of a cross with fleur-de-lys 1 Reid (B), p. 124. Illustrations are given ibid., figs. 4 to 8. 2 ibid., pp. 132 f. Illustrations figs. 15 and 16 on pp. 133 f. 3 ibid. 4 Reid (C), pp. 143 ff. and figs. 3, 4 and 5. 5 Describe R.G.A.My db Inventory,n i . . 201No . 4 26 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , ig6o-6l terminals proportione Th . desige th f so n suggest that ther originally ema y have been Calvara y worarecross n e w mouna bas e th weatherer a no n f th o o e,o t a t d blank; and in this case the slab would resemble Nos. i and 2 at Seton, on a smaller scale. (2) Part of a grave-cover from which both ends are missing, and now 2 ft. 11 in. long by i ft. i in. wide. It originally bore a 4-in. chamfer on either side, but part of one sids beeeha n removed e surfacTh . e show e bladpoine a parth d th s f f an eo to t sword . lonin allgn 9 i ,. ,ft i incise outlinen d i grave-cove A ) (3 . , lon. 11d ft in gr4 an tapering from i ft. 4 in. to n|- in. Its surface is heavily chamfered and bears a roll-moulding alon innee gth rchamfer e edgth f eo . Alon centre gth e ther incises ei d outlinn i swordea quillond hile th an ,t whicf o s h have wasted away though faint trace rouna f so d pomme chamferestiln A seen e ) ca lb l (4 . d grave-cove. in 6 . ft 3 r long and tapering from i ft. 9 in. to i ft. 5 in. It bears a much-wasted cross with a floreate head, carve fragmentreliefn A di ) (5 . , perhap earln a f yso headstone. , ft i . lonwide. in ft i y gwhic9 b n o , h ther bees eha n scratche singln di e lin crosea s . 8^in . acrosin taperine armslone A 5 , wid th ) sft th y g. t lonb 2 (6 e a .in y g8 b . slaft b5 head; the foot is missing and no decoration survives. (7) A chamfered grave-cover 5 ft. 10 in. long but lacking part of one side. It has been broken across, and shows no decoration. 13th March 1960, 28th January 1962 Whitekirk Parish Church. 58 SE 595815 This graveyard contain legiblo n s y dated tombston f earlieeo r date than 1707, illegibln a t bu e slab (i), once e evidentl sidth s it n ei n o yt se recumben w no t bu t asphalt pathway at the east end of the church, can be judged from the traces of its f seventeenth-centurletterino e a rollb s o -gt ha . lond in gan 9 . ft y6 s datei t I . moulded edge. The following monuments are also of some interest, irrespective of their dates. (2) A table-tomb with a flat top, unbevelled and plain but for its inscription; the edge e mouldear s d ther e rectangulaan d ar e r projections ovee supportsth r t I . commemorates a former minister of the parish, the Rev. William Hamilton, who died in 1712 aged seventy-five, and his wife Isobel Broun, who died in 1710 aged fifty- five. (3) A sarcophagus, resembling a table-tomb but enclosed all round. The top slab is carefully moulded at the edges, and the monument evidently dates from the eighteenth century. (4) Two eighteenth-century reredos-monuments. 2 ist December 1958, 22nd November 1959 Whittingehame Parish 60373 Church.W S 7 6 6 e existinTh g parish-churc t builno s t untiwa h le graveyar th I722, d an 1 d is^ consequently poo monumentn i r s earlier than 1707. Those whic presene har t must all, presumably, have been brough graveyard t ol fro e mth . 266)facn di (p s t a ,Nos .

3, 4 and 5 are known to have been. The following were noted, (i) A recumbent 2

1 N.S.A., ii (Haddington), p. 68. Its present form has resulted from repairs and reconstruction carried out in 1820 and 1876 (Fasti, i, p. 425). 2 Lang, Rev. M. B., The Seven Ages of an East Lothian Parish, etc., pp. 78 f. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 265 slab of red sandstone, situated south of the church and raised just clear of the turf. It measures 5 ft. by 2 ft. 7 in. and has a marginal roll-and-hollow moulding 5^ in. wide. The upper part of the surface bears an inscription in large capitals HERE LYE S/ THOMA[S ] HERIO DYEO OCTOBERN I D WH / T / E/ 1 8 i6[] . . 6 [...]/ AND MARGARE/[T ??]KS HIS SP/OWS [? WHO] DYED /[...]. In the fifth line the two final figures of the year of death are illegible, and the isolated 6 probably represents part of the age of the deceased. The smallness of the space occupie wife'e th y sd b surname sevente th n i , h line, shows that this must have been very short - as, for example, COKS. The last line, which is illegible, is interrupted in the centre by the top of a sunk panel which occupies the lower part of the slab; on this there appears in relief an hour-glass above a skull, the latter flanked by cross- bones t verticallywhicse e h ar t saltirewise no , . This panemuco s e s i lh on like eth on No. 5 that the two memorials may be safely regarded as products of the same workshop recumbenA ) (2 . sandstontd slare f bo e situated nea south-ease rth t corner mouldes ha d an d . marginin churche o5 fth . cavettod ft t measureI 2 san . y b . -ft s5 moulded edges inscriptione Th . , whic capitalsn i s hi badls i ,e b yn wastedca t i t bu , see commemorato t n IAMEJ? [ e S/ FERMER , whose dat f deato e s illegiblhi e reae b fifty-five s wifs da n hi eca d thougKEA[TH]RIe an ag , s hhi N THOMSO[N], who died in 1693. At the end of the word FERMER appears again, probably recut and not forming part of the original epitaph. (3) A recumbent slab of red sandstone situated, along with Nos. 4, 5 and 6, near the north-west corner of the church. It measures 5 ft. 5 in. by 2 ft. 9 in. and carries a marginal band, formed by two incised lines, and a roll-moulding on the arris, together 6| in. wide. The upper portion bears an elongated shield dividing the initials D B /1 D; below appears the date 16 [5] i. Letter d figure an se badl ar s e shiely th wor slas blankd A i ) bnan (4 . havind an . gmarginain a 5 . ft 2 ly b ban, measurin 3 . d simila. in d an 7 No . o ft rt g5 moulding 6 in. wide over all. The date 1650 is legible, again near the foot of the slab. (5) A red sandstone slab measuring 5 ft. 9 in. by 2 ft. 11 in. and having at the margin a rebated roll-and-hollow moulding 5 in. wide and provided with a hole for drainage. The inscription, which is on the upper part of the slab, is badly worn and has also been damaged by chipping along the dexter margin; it can be read as [HEJRE LYES IAN[?E / ][??]EA R SPOUS E/ [T] O IOHN HENDER/[S]ONE IAN[?W]/[A]RF O 3 . E DIEO 26 TH / E HI DWH / F RAG O Y D 1686AN r perhapThero o s spactw ei sr threefo e e beginninletterth t e surnamea sth f go , which might thus have been exampler fo , , KINEAR lowee Th . r par occupies i t d by a sunk panel shaped to its contents; these are, at the top, a monogram, apparently hour-glassn a , skulM a od fH l an ,flanke cross-boney db saltirewiset sse reliefn i l al ,. e similaritTh f thi yo s alread s . ha idesig No yo t nbee ne furthe th noted d ran , resemblance of the marginal roll-and-hollow moulding to some found at Dunbar (cf. 231p . ) suggests that bot hhavy thi . ma ei sbee No ston d n ean carve d there. (6smalA ) l headstone wit hbilobata e top, inscribe goon di d unweathered capitals HERE LYES / MARGARET BOYD / SPOUS TO WILLIAM / DIXSON DIEO WH DIEE D / 166H D& / 4168 3 CHRISTIA N/ KELT Y 1685e Th . other face shows Classical decoratio greatla n i y debased form. 6 26 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , ig6o-6l Besides these earlier memorials thernumbea e ear well-carvef o r d headstonef so e middlth lated ean r eighteenth centur somd yan e richly decorated table-tombs. The headstones exemplify Renaissance architectural patterns which do not differ materially from seventeente thosth f eo h centuryepitaphe th t normalle bu , sar n yi Roman lettering, not capitals. An interesting and unusual stone is (7) a pillar, sectionn i . in 4 ,. witift y b h flaa . tin top5 . . hig ift .d in hEac6 an . ft h3 face bears a sunk panel, those on east and west having rounded heads and cavetto mouldings e otherth d s an square head d ovolan s o mouldings inscription A . n Romai n n letterin ease th t n facgo e commemorates JOHN CALDCLEU/GH FARMEN I R/ SALLON EAST MAINS, who died in 1751. 4th and 13th June 1959 Whittingehame Castle, Private Burial-ground. 67 SW 602733 This burial-ground lies in the wooded policies about 120 yds. north of Whittinge- ham euses parisr Castlewa dfo d h an ,burial s until iSoo. reorganiseWhes wa t ni d

as a private family burial-place1 , and other stones were removed to the cemetery at e paristh h church (supra, . 264)p e recumben,th t slab commemoratin e Revgth . John Manuel, minister of Whittingehame from 1602 to i6n,2 which had been

unearthed in igio, was preserved on the original site of the grave, though it was 4

raised on supports 3 and so given the form of a table-tomb. It is of red sandstone, lengthn i measuree . taperd in Th an 9 , . . breadt. 1n sft i 1i ft in o st 5 . in h5 fro. ft m2 inscription runs clockwise roun e margidth dextep n to fro e rmth corner , finishing with two lines which cross the slab below the opening words; it reads HEIR LYES MAS/TER IHONE MANNVEL MINISTER OF W/HITTI[NGH]/AM WHO OCTOB/EF O Y DA 5 RDYE E TH[EDTH ] ZEIG[O]F O R/ D [i]6iie Th . letter largee ar s , incised capitalswele ar l d executed an ,basae th t le serifbu ,th f o s Fs extend whicforwardy wa ha maken si s these letters resemblworde Th e . sar eEs divided by diamond-shaped stops. It is interesting to find the tapering form of the grave-cover persisting at this comparatively late date. 13th June 1959 Tester Parish Church, 53862 W Gi/ord.N 6 5 8 This church, which superseded St Bothen's Church, Yester, was not built until I7o8. The graveyard contains no monuments calling for mention apart from those 5 bearing trade insigni . 267)(p a . 24th August 1958

1 This appears from a nineteenth-century memorial to the Hays of Limplum and Drummelzier and the Douglase Setond san Whittingehamf so e whic standsitee w th h.no n so 2 Fasti, . 426i,p .

Lang, Rev. M. B., The Seven Ages of an East Lothian Parish, etc., p. 79. 3 4 Information from Miss Rodger, Whittingehame. 5 Stat. Acct., i (1791) . 346p , . GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 267 APPENDIX ON TRADE INSIGNIA The following table shows the insignia of incorporated trades, and other emblems indicativ a decease f o e d person's calling l periodal t a , s e nineteentdowth o t n h century. Onl yproportioa stonee th f nso bearing these insigni emblemd aan e ar s include survee graveyardse th th f n d i yo thes n i d e an ,case seriae th s l numbere sar given heridentifyine wels th e a s a l invertef go e featuresus de commaTh . lase th t n si column indicates that the trade in question is actually mentioned in the epitaph.

IDENTIFICATION Aberlady IB/EP Crown and hammer Hammerman Hammer and pincers Smith Figures respectively sowing grain and carrying sheaf Farmer Armstrong; 1780 ? Wheel Athelstaneford G (No. 2); 1699 Square, compasses, hand holding an axe Wright —— (No) .3 Figure sowing grain Farmer Bolton Troter (No. 2); 1700 Square, compasses, plane, mell, ? reel Wrigh masod an t n Wood; 1766 ? Harrow ? Farmer RL/HF Shuttle Weaver ? Wheel Dirleton AR (No. 8); 1706 Square, compasses, hands holding respectively mel chised an l r boasteo l r Mason Dunbar Mackrie (No. 3); 1704 Axe, cleaver, meat-hooks 'Flesher' Crown, hammer, unidentified object Hammerman ——— 1757 Pincers, hammer, horseshoe Smith Hunter; 1767 Square, compasses, axe, ? chisel, ? shorr ba t Wright Square, axe, frame-saw Wright Brown, wife of Dickson; 1808 Square and compasses 'Wright' McGill; 1807 Square and compasses 'Joiner' Coltman; 1837 Mill-rind picko tw , s Miller ——— 1769 Crook ? Shepherd or flockmaster Gray; 1804 Squar compassed ean s Mason Gifford ——— (faceted slab) Ox-yoke ? Farmer Hands holding respectively crook and ? Butcher and reversed cleaver flockmaster Masonic Arms Mason Gladsmuir —— (No. i) Crown, hammer and pincers Smith Gullane (No— — ) .9 Scissors and goose Tailor (No. 7) Square and mell Mason Law (No. 8); 1761 Square, compasses, axe, saw Wright 268 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , ig6o-6l

IDENTIFICATION EMBLEMS TRADE Haddington, parish church1 RW(No. 2); 1705 Crown over hand holding hammer Hammerman Atchison (No. 15); 1720 Peels with loaves, rake 'Baxter' Nicolson (No. 13); 1697, recut igt. hc ditto 'Baxter' Galloway; family to 1745, f 185?o 2 ditto Baker Peels with loaves, handle of rake Baker Watt; 1839 Sheaf of corn 'Baker' Herrkis (No. 9); 1707 Hand holding cleaver, knife, skewer 'Flesher' ——— i8t. hc Shuttle Weaver ——— i8t. hc Shuttle Weaver ——— 1753 Crook spindle? , , pai handf ro s placed ? Flockmaster and as if spinning spinner Cathrie; i8th c., Spade, rake, gardener's reel and line, Gardener recut 1862 cherubs with spad rakd ean e Cowan; 1847 Trowel, slater's pick-hammed ran Slater wite ax h spike Humble Dobbi (No. i) 1679 Shovel and broom 'Maltman' ——— 1717 Crown and hammer Hammerman ——— 1717 Figure of man sowing grain Farmer ——— 1758 Scissorunidentifien a d san d object, Tailor perhap smoothinsa g stone Innerwick Shuttle Weaver 1756 Crook Shepherd Morham Crown and hammer Hammerman Hand holding mell Mason —— i 8th c. Square and compasses 'Mason' North Berwick, old parish church ? Lawrie; 1709 Crow hammed nan r Hammerman Peels with loaves, broom Baker Oldhamstocks ——— 1728 Square, compassese ax , 'Wright' Ormiston Williamson (No. 3) ; Masonic Arms Mason 1 8th c. Pencaitland ——— (No. 4); I7thc. Crow hammed nan r Hammerman Bel (No. 5); 1662 Crown and hammer 'Smith' Broun Crow hammed nan r Hammerman Muirhead (No. 2); 1670 Scissors and goose 'Tailzour' ——— 1752 Pick, hammer wedgeso tw , , crowbar Quarryma miner no r with chised en l Hercules [ ? Guiluis] ; Crow rounding-knifd nan e Cordiner 1718 Shuttle Weaver ——— Square, axe, chisel Wright 1 On the Haddington trades, see Forbes Gray, W., and Jamieson, J. H., A Short History of Haddington ('944)» PP- 23, 107 ff., ii3ff. GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 269

IDENTIFICATION EMBLEMS TRADE Pencaitland (contd.) Three towers ? Mason Squar compassed ean s Mason or wright Hog; 1768 (reredos) Squar compassed ean s 'Wright' Figures respectively sowing graid nan Farmer carrying a sheaf and two ears of corn Pringle; 1742 Figures respectively sowing grain and Farmer (wall-mon ument) carrying two sheaves A long-handled spoon Figure of a man among trees, perhaps ? Gardener picking fruit Prestonkirk —— (No. 3); i7thc. Mill-rind Miller Prestonpans ——— (No. 5); ? 17th c. Anchor Seaman (No. 9); secondary Anchor, compasses, sextant, sounding- Seaman, probably epitap f 182ho 8 lead ship's captain GK I7t? (No ; . hc 7) . Broo shoved man l Maltster Robertson; 1757 (from shovelo Brootw d sman 'Brewer and maltster' record; P.S.A.S., XLII, figd ) 5 an . 5 2 . p Prestonpans, West Graveyard R 1 I C (No. i) Anchor Seaman ——— (No4) . Anchor, ? cross-staff Seaman ——— (No. 6) lythc? ; . Anchor Seaman —— (No. 12); 17th c. Full-rigged ship Probably ship's captain Peden (No. 14); 1699 Sextant, compasses, foul anchor, Seaman, probably sounding-lead ship's captain (No— — . 15) Sextant, compasses, foul anchor, Seaman, probably sounding-lead ship's captain WL (No. n) I7thc? ; . Square, compasses, mell, chisel or Mason boaster shor? , r ba t Saltoun ? Wood, erected by Crown, from beneath which hammer has 'Smith' ? Stinnis now disappeared Ferguson Square and compasses 'Wright' Brown; 1754 Two figures of men carrying sheaves 'Farmer' sowinn Figurma f geo grain Farmer Two figures of men, respectively sowing Farmer grain and carrying sheaves Seton Collegiate Church ——— (No. 3); 15tr ho Chalice Priest i6th c. Seton (No. 5); 1632 Square, compasses, axe 'Wright' Smeaton ——— (No. i); 15th c. Cross botonny, sword, shears Spott Nisbet; 1742 Square, compasses, mell chise? , l Mason Watherston; 1755 Spade, rake 'Gardiner' 270 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , 1960-61

IDENTIFICATION EMBLEMS TRADE Stenton Square and compasses Mason or wright Wood . (Noc jh ) 3 i.7t Tree, carpenter's plane ? Wright1 Tranent Crauford (No. 13); Chalice Priest ? i5th c. Stanners, wif f Parsoneo e Crow rounding-knifd nan e 'Shoemaker and (No. 10); 1700 tanner' Williamson (No. u); sowinFigurn ma f geo grain 'Farmer' 1708 Seton (No. 30); 1706 Cherub agriculturan si l roles 'Farmer' ——— (No. 14); 1690 Masonic Arms Mason Secondary epitaph Axe, cleaver, meat-hooks Butcher Kedglie (No. 16) Outersides (No. 27); 1669 Axe, cleaver, meat-hooks Butcher Peels with loaves, broom Baker Miller (No. 22); 1693 Mill-rind, figure with book ? Miller2, student Waugh (No. 23); 1705 Square, compasses, blowing-iron, pontil, 'Glazier' hammer, diamond pane Square, compasses, axe, saw Wright Axe, plane, chisel compasse? , s Wright Mather (No. 31); 1687 Compasses, axe, scraper 'Quaighmaker' Shiel (No. 28); 1680 Scissors and goose 'Tailyower' AB/SB Foul anchocoi? ropf o ld ean r Seaman TB IH(No. 19); Crown and hammer Hammerman ? iyt. hc Whittingehame —— 1728 Shuttle Weaver Wolfe; 1743 Scissor goosd san e Tailor Squar compassed ean s Mason Tester (see Gifford) ABBREVIATED TITLES USE REFERENCEN DI S Fasti Scott , FastiH. , Ecclesiae Scoticanae (Edinburgh, 1866-71). Inventory Royal Commissio n Ancieno n d Historicaan t l Monuments (Scotland), Inventory of the Ancient and Historical Monuments in East Lothian (Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1924). M.S.A. Statisticalw ThNe e Account of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1845). R.M.S. The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, H.M. General Register House (Edinburgh, 1882-1914). R.P.C. The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, H.M. General Register House (Edinburgh, 1887-1914). Reid (A) Reid, A., 'The Churchyard Prestonpans'f so P.S.A.S.,n ,i XLII (1907-8) ff8 .2 . pp , Reid (B) Reid, A., Tranent Churchyard' P.S.A.S.,n i , XLV (1910-11), . 11pp 7 if.

1 In this case the emblems may not indicate a trade, but represent a pun on the name 'Wood'. thin I 2 s cas t indicatemblee no eth y name metradea ma th t represenn eo bu 'Miller' , n pu a t . GRAVEYARD MONUMENTS IN EAST LOTHIAN 271 Reid (C). Reid, A., 'Recent Discoveries in Tranent. Churchyard', in P.S.A.S., XLVI (1911-12) . 13pp ,9 ff. Stat. Acct. The Statistical Account of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1791-9). Surnames Surnamese Th Black, F. . oG ,f Scotland (New York, 1946).