DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 135 956 08 CE 009 745 AUTHOR Cooper, Gloria S., Ed.; Magisos, Joel H., Ed.- TITLE Metrics fOr General Office Clerks, Clerk-Typists, TypiSts. INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ.,:Columbus. Center forVocational Education. SPONS AGENCY- Bureau of Occupational and Adult Education(DHEW/OE), Washington, D.C. yUB DATE 76 CONTRACT OEC-0-74-9335 NOTE 68p.; For related documentssee CR 009 736-790 .EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$3.50 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Business Education; *Clerical Occupations; *CuriAculum; Instructional Materials; Learning- :Activities; Measurement Instruments; *MetricSystem; Office OccUpations Education; SecondaryEducation; Teaching Techniques; *Typists; Units ofStudy; *Vocational Education ABSTRACT Designed to'Meet the job-related metricmeasurement needs of students interested in becoming clerks, clerk-typists,and typists, this instructional package isone of three for the business and'office occupations cluster, part ofa set of 55 packages for/ metric instruction in different occupations.The package is intended .for, students who,already know the.occupationalterMinclogy, measurement terms, and tools currently in use..Each ofthe five units in this.instructional package contains.performanceobjectives, learning activities, and supporting information in-theform of text, exercises, and tables In addition,. suggested teaching.techniquesare included. At the back of the'Packageare objective-based evaluation items, a page of:apswerS to:the exercisesand tests, -a list .of metric, materials needed for the activities, references,and a list oi 'supplierS. The Material is designed toaccommodate'a variety of individual teaching and learning styles, e.g.,independent.study, ,small group, Or whole-class activity. Exercises are-Intendk,d-to' . facilitate exPeriences-with measurement4nstruments,-tools,and devicei used.inthis occupation andjob-related tasks of:eStimating And measuring. Unit I, a general introductionto the metric system/of measureMent, provides informal,.hands-onexperience8 for.the students. This unit enables .students.to becoMefamiliar with the basic metrit units, their symbols, andMeasurement instruments;-and,' to develop a set.of Mental-references for metric va:lues.The metric system of notation also,is'explained. fltit 2provides the metric 1 ,terms which are uSed/in this occuPation'and givesexperience with .occupational,measurdment.iasks. Upit 3.focuses'pn job-relatedMetric 'equivalents andtheir relationrhips.- Unit'4provides experienceiwith' recognizing-and- using metric'instruments and.tools.in:occupationel- measurement. :tasks., jlt also proVides experience incomparing metric and customary measurdment instrumentS. Unit-75-1S designed to give ' .tudents practicein---Icon-v.erting----custamary. and. metricmeasuremen_ts.,_a______4_ Skill considered uSeful during the transitionto 'metric in eaCh - 'OcCupation. (HD) Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished .materials not available frOm other.sources.ERIC mAes every effort to obtain the best coi)li 'available.' Nevertheless, items of marginal reproducibilityare Often 'encountered and this affects -the ..iluality of tne microficna and hardcopy reproductions ERIC mikes 'available viathe ERIC Document Reproction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not responsible for the quality.of the original document. Reproductions supplied by EDRSare .the best that can ba made froin the original. 1/44 A, vRe// PoPli;////, P//, /I 4 if, 1 if, '/1;; q/, Q't '100 4/4 0 0 14 /014/4 / 0 '14 /1//4(4 t 4111 /10/ pp , to ),,// /) 4;(" 4,/1 14 ; .44f;% / 4//1:17, 4 1/0 (1/) //
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/ :% 74,74 77/ '40el! tics fii u , bk 'AP NENT OF EDUCATION hEALTH, d WELFARE NATIONAL INStitUtt . EDuCATION OF DucomENI Dur [-C HAsBEEN f kf.P140 'HP c1( il. VAS uf D ;-4rW eeral Ali!461!' o oUP eclrks PIDIAir:; !..,1Aqo or 1,,trh opNor NrcrsAP,LYOPINIONS St:NIOf C iclAtA,AtioNAL PFP4t U71%('A TIN,tOSIIrrON INSt' rl) rrOr OP Po; ( y clerkwtypists, t1. pist
8 :44 ,10 OA/08 01/ /4 0/74 ,P4 aof S/04, 04k 4, 4 4 4,/// 4/a, 444'444/401% PH 1, 4 4/40 4b4.4v0 qt"' 4 TEACHING AND LEARNING
THE METRIC SYSTEM
This metric, instructional package was designed to meet job-related , Unit 2 provides the metric termS which are used in this occupation metric measurement needs of students. To use this package students and gives experience with occupational, measurement tasks., should already know the occupationalterminology, measurement terms, and tools currently in use. These materialswere prepared with Unit 3 focuseson job-related metric equivalents and their relation. the help of experienced vocationalteachers, reviewed by experts, tested ships, in classrooms in different parts of the UnitedStates, and revised before distribution. Unit .4 provides experience in recognizing and using metric units,
acti of the five units of instructioncontains performance objec. terms, and symbols in proofing, typing, and layout tasks, tives, learning activities, andsupporting information in the form of text, exercises, and' tables.In addition, suggested teaching techniques are includat. At the back of this packageare objective43ased evaluation Unit 5 is designed to give students practice in converting custom-
items, a page of answers to the exercisesand tests, a ,list of metric 0 ary and metric measureMents. Students should learn to "think metric's .Materials needed for the activities, references, and a list of suppliers, and avoid comparing customary and metric units, However, skill With conversion tables will be useful during the transition to metric in each occupation, Classroom experiences with this instructional packagesuggest the _following teaching-learning strategies: Using These Instructional Materials
1 Let the first experiences be informal to make learning themetric This package was designed to help students learn a core of knowl. system 'fun, edge about the metric system which they willuse on the job,The exercises facilitate experiences with measurement instruments, tools, Students learn better when metric unitsare Compared to familiar and devices used in this occupation and job-related tasks of estimating objects.. Eieryone should learn to "think thetric.'!Comparing and measuring, metric unitto customary units can be confusing..
Students will learn quickly to estimate,and measurein metric units This instructional package alsowas designed' to accommodate a 'by "doing(' variety of individual teaching and learning styles. Teachers are entOur. aged to adapt these ,materials to their own.classes, For exaniple, the Students/should have experience With measuring activities before information sheets may be given to students for self-Study. References getting tOo, much information, 1. may be used as supplemental resources. Exercises may be used in inde.
5. Move 0ougir the units in an' oiOr which emphasizes thesim- 'pendent study, small groups, or .whole-class. activities,All of the plicity !of the metric system (e.g,, length' toarea to, volume), materials can be expanded by the teacher,
6. Teach one concept at a time Co aloid overwhelming,students with , Gloria S Cooper too n'uch material, , . { 1 Joel H. Magisos
, ,! Editors 1 Unit is a general introductionito the metrie system of Measure. ! ment wlich provides informal, hangs-on experiences for the'Students, This publication ,,vas developed pursuant to contract No. OEC.0.74,9i35 Alth the This uni 'enables students to becorne familiar *ith the .hasic metric Bureau' of Occupational and Adult Education, U,S, Department of Health, Educe , : units, tl eir symbols, and measurement instruments; and,to develop a ,tion and Welfare,' Hov;iever, the opinions expressed herein do .not necessarily !. set' of nentaI referenees. for,metric /values. The metric system of reflect the position or policy of the 0.$, Office ol Education and no of fiCial , nota- tion als endorsement by the U S Of fice oflEducation should be inferred. is explained. -,--, .1 1 ; UNIT OBJECTIVES
The student will demonstrate these,Skills for the Linear,Area, Volumeor Capacity, Mass, an Temperature Exercises, using the metric terms and ineasurement devices listed heN.
!
I .., S;UGGESTED TEACHIrG SEQUENCE EXEliCISES
, i ! SKHIS
iAnear Area voltHe or Capacity Mos 'iemperature . 1./ These introductory eXercises may require 1.,
(pp, 3.4) .. a : two or three teaching periods for all five .IpP, 8 . 8) (p.p. 78) IPA, 818) (p. 11) Iareas of measuremeit. ,
1 . Recognize and use (he square milhmetre (rim) cubic centi. gram ig) '' degree Celsius unit and its symbol for: centimetre 'metre . 2.!,.Exercises,should b 'followed in the order lcm3 I (°C) centimetre (cm I (cm2 ) given to best show1the relationship, kilogram (kg). 2 Select, use, and read the cubic metre
betwon length, Ta, and volume, ' appropriate measuring metre square .1 (m) (rn) inetrumenta for: metre
Assemble the ine6ic measuring deviceS (017) litre (I) (riles, tapes, scalles, thermometers, and State of show a physical reference for: millilitre (mi) mk asuringconta'Iners) and objects to be ----,-..--...... ".....7----,___..----., measured.* Estimate within 259; height, width, or ; the area o'f , capacity of the mass of objects the temperature of .1 4. Setup at work stations of the actual measure length of objects igiven surface containers in grams and kilo the air or a liquid grams for useby/the whole class,oras individu-
5,1 alizedresburce activities. Read correctly metre slick, metric measurements a kilogram scale A'Celsius thermometer
tape rneasure,and on graduated and a gram scale
Have the stu ents tstimate, meastire, and metric rulers 'volume measur.
, int devicN 'record Usinl Exercises 1 through.5. i'
Present infdrmation on notation and make Tabl1 available.
Follow up' with group discussion of RULESouFNOTATION activities,/ 1. Symbols are not capitalized unless the unit is a proper name (Mm not IAI),
2.'Symbols are not followed by periods.(m not rn.).
3. Symbolsare not followed by an s for plurals (25 g not 25 gs).
4; A space separates the numerals from the unit symbols (4 I not 41). .
,sOl'her Sehool.departments may have devices which 5, Spaces, not commas, are used to separate large nunthers into groups of three can be usedi Nletric suppliers are listed in the reference digits (45 271km not45,271 km). section, A zero precedes the decimal point if the number is less than one (0.52 g not .52 g)
Litre and metre, can be spelled either with an -re or -er ending.
/.THE CENTER FOR VOCATiONAL EDUCATION
Information Sheet,1 METRIC UNITS, SYMBOLS, AND REFERENTS METRIC kfIXES
Multiples and- Quantity Metric Unit Symbol Useful Referents Syrn,bols Submultiples rretixes.
Length milhmetre mm Thickness of dime or paper 1 000 000 = 106 mega (aii) M.
, clip wire
1 000 . 103 kilo (lill'-o) k centimetre ENIWidth of paper clip metre I=Height of ------.door about 2 rn' 100 . 102 hecto (helitii) h kilometre IMI12.minute walking distance 10 = 101 deka (rFek'S) da
Area square Area of this space Base Unit 1 . 100 1 centimetre cm'
' 0,1 .10-1 deci (d0
, .
001 . 10-2 centi (lin'tl) c ,
square metre Area of card table,top , 0.001 . 10'3 milli (mill) m
hectare , ha Football field including sidelines 0,000 001 .10-6 micro (mTkr-o) and end zones
Volume and millilitre ml Teayoon is 5 ml Capacity litre A little more than 1 quart Table 1-b , I. cubic, centimetre cm3 Volume of this container
cubic metre A little more than a cubic yard
Mass milligram m APple seed about 10 mg, grain of salt, 1 mg '
grain g NiCkel about 5 g
kilogram Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
metric ton .(1 000 kilograms) L Volkswagen Beetle
'THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Table 1-a LINEAR MEASUREMENTACTIVITIES 3, Choose a partner to stand Metre, Centimetre, Millimetre at Your side. Move apart :so that you can put one
end of a metre stickon your partner's shoulder
and the other endon ;I. THE METRE (m) your shoulder. Look at the space between you. A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR THE SIZEOF A METRE
1, Pick up one of the metre THAT IS THE WIDTH OF A METRE! sticks and stand.it upon the floor. Hold it in place with one hand. Walk around the 3, DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN METRES stick. 'Now stand nest to the stick, With yoUr'other Now, you will improve your ability to estimate in metres.
hand, touch Yourself where Remember where the length and height of a metre was on your the top of 'the metre stick body. comes on you, For each of the following items.:
THAT IS HOW HIGH A METRE IS! Estimate the size of the items and write your estimate in the ESTIMATE column. Measure the size with your metre stick and write.the answer in the MEASUREMENT column.
Decide how close, your estimate was to the.actualmeasure, Hold one arm out straight ;your estimate was within 25.% of the. actual' measure you P.. at shOulder height, Put P;11;';', "Metric Maivel," the metre stick along this
arm until the end hits the , How Close end of yotir fingers. Where EstimateMeasurementWere YoU? is the other end of the (m) (m) metre stick? Touch your- 1, Height o.f door knob self at that end. from floor.
2. Height of door,: ...... 1.
3, Length of table,
. THAT IS HOW' LONG A '11 4, Width of table.
5. Length of wall of
this room.. .
Distance from you to wall, THE CENTER FOA VOCATICINAL EDUCATION
Exerose 1
(continued on next page) 1 THE CENTINETRE (cm) IlL THE MILLIMETRE (mm)
There are 100 centimetres in one.metre. If there are1'metreR and There are 10 millimetres,in one.centimetre. MphAillea,wrent is 3 centimetres, you write 103 crn,[(4 x 100 cm) 4. 3 cm400 cm 2 centimetres and 5 millimetres, you write 25 mo [(210 mr0 + 3 crab + 5 mm 20 mm + 5 mm]. There are 1 000.mm j111 0).
A. DEVELOP FEELING FOR Till', SIZE OF A CENTIMETRE, A, DEVELOP A FEELING FOR TIlE SIZE OF
v. Using a ruler marked in millimetres, measUre; 1. Hold the metric ruler against the.width of your thumbnail. How wide is it? cm 011M11111=11010,1. 1. Thickness of a paper clip wire.
2. Measure your thumb frw(h,., first joint to the end. 2, Thickness 'of your fingernail: cm 3. Width of your fingernaiL 3. Use the metric ruler to I. width of your palm, cm 4, Diameter (Width)of a coin,
Measure your index or pointing finger. How long is it? 5, .Diameter (thickness) of your pencil. cm Mwoll.....a. 6. Width of a p' ostage stamp. 1.1)0
5. Measure your wrist with a tape measure, \that is the distance
around it? . cm
6. Use.thetape measure to find your waist size, cm l B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMAT N111)LII4TRES
B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESMIATE IN CENTIMETRES You are now ready to estimate in millimetrO,Ct egh of the following items, follow the procedures used far esti !ma in., You are now ready to estindiate in centimetres. For each of the metres.
following items, foLw the procedures used for estimating in 11'4 Close ; metres.' EstimateMeasure01N4Were You?
How Close (nun) (mm) EstimateMeasurementWere You? 1. Thickness of a' (cm) (cm) nickel.
1. Length of a paper Diameter (thicknEss) clip. %...... *mama of a holt. 2. Diameter (width) 3, Length Of a bolt, of a coin. ..1.11.1Elmi 4. Width of a sheet 3. Width of a of paper. postage stamp. 111111 5, ThicknesSof a board Length of a or desk top, pencil. 6. Thickness of a , Width of a sheet button. of paper. 11IMM.M1101
THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ' AREA MEASUREMENTACrlIVITIES B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATEN SQUAR CENTIMETRES Square Centimetre, Square Metre
, . You are now ready to develq yotir ability to estimate
in square centimetreS. .
WHEN YOU DESCRIBE THE AREA OF SOMETHING, YOU ,1RE SAYING HOW NIANY SQUARES OF A GIVEN SIZE IT TAKES TO Remember the '.:;ize of a square cehtimetre, For each of the COVER THE SURFACE. following items, folloW the'procedures uied,foiestimating in metres.
THESQUARE CENTIMETRE (cm2 ) .How Close
EstintteMeastheniefitWere You?, 2 A. :DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A SQUARE CENTIMETRE (cd ) (cm) ,
I 1. Take a clear plastic grid; or use the grid on page 6. Index card.
2. Measure the length and width of one of these small 2. Book cover. squares with a centimetre ruler. PhOtogro,
THAT IS ONE SQUARE CENTIVITRE! Window pane or desk top. Ilm.m. 3. Place your iingernail over the grid. About how many squares dok s it take to cover your fingernail?
2 IL THE SQUARE METRE (m2) 4., Place a coin over the grid. About how many squares
does it take to cover the coin? cm2 A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A SQUARE METRE, 5. Place a postage stamp over the grid, About how many , squaresdoes it take to cover the postage stamp? 1. Tape four metre sticks together tonake a sqUar which pm2 is one metre long and one metre wide.
6, Place an envelope over the grids About how many 2., Hold the square up With bne side on the.floor to see how squares does it take to cover the envelope? hig it is.
cfl'2 3. Place 1:11.? square on the floor in a corner. Step btck and
7, Measure the length and width of the envelope in centi. look, how much floor space it covers. ,
metres, Length cm; width' cm. 4. Place th square over a table top or desk to see hr4 Multiply to find the area in square centimetri,L Auchz,dce it covers.
cm x cm cm2. How, close are the answers you have in 6. and in 7,? 5, Place ±e square against the bottom of a door, See how much of the door it covers. How many squares would it
take to cover the door? ni2
THIS IS HOW BIG A SQUARE METR,E IS!
1
THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 'Exercise 2 continued ownext page) r
DEVELoy.YOU ABILITY .T0 ESTIMATE IN,SQUARE
; NIETRES
iou are nowreauly toestimate in square metres. Follow the procedures used for estimating in metres:
How Clos EstimateMeasurementWere You?
(m2 ) (m2,)
Door.
Full sheet of newspaper.
. Chalkboard or
bulletin board:, .1.1.1....111111/11
Floor.
Wall.
. Wall chart or,poster,
. Side of file cabinet.
THE areiR $41, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOLUME MEASUREMENTACTIVITIES
Cubic Centimetre, Litre, Millilitre, CubicIYIetre
THE CUBIC CENTIMETRE (cmi )
DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIIATE IN CUBIC A,. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR THE CUBIC.CENTIMETRE CENTIMETRES
1. Pick up a colored plastic cube. 'Measure its length, YOuare nowreacilyto deyelop your ability to estimate height, and width in centimetreS. in cubic centimetres. .. THAT IS ONE CUBIC CENTIMETRE!
Remember the size of a cubic centir'netre. Foi each of 2, Find the voliime of a plasdc litre the following items, use the procedures forestimating in metres. a. Place a ROW of cubes against the bottom of one side How. ClOse of the box. .How many cubes fit in the row? EstimateMeasurementWere You? (cm3 ) b. Place another ROW of cubes againstan adjoining side '(cm3 ) of the box. How many rows fit inside thebox 1, Index card file to make onelayer of cubes? box.
How many .cubes in each raw? 2. Freezer container, How many cubes in the layer in the bottom of the 3. Paper clip box. ..1 box? 4. Box of staples. c. Stand a ROW of cubes up aganist the side of the box. r How many LAYERS would fit in the box? . IL NE LITRE (I) How many cubes in each layer?
A. How many cubes fit in the box altogether? DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A LITRE
THE VOLUME OF THE BOX IS CUBIC 1. Take a one litre beaker mid LI it with water. CENTIMETRES. 2. Pour the waterintp paper,ctr)s, filling eachas full as you d, Measure the length, width, and height of the box in usually do. How many ctips do you fill? centhnetres. Length cm; width cm; THAT IS HOW rivo IS IN ONE LITRE! height cm. Multiply these numbers to find , the volume in cubic centimetres, 3. Fill the litre ooniainer.with rice.
3. cmx Crfl CrIl THAT IS HOWMUCH IT TAKES'TO.FILL A ONE Are the ansWers the same in c.and d,? LITRE CONTINER!
THE CENTS FOA VOCATIONAL EDUCATION , Exercise 3 (continued on next page) B. DEVELOP.YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN:LITRES B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATEIN,MILLILITRE
You are now realy todevelop Your ability to estimate in You are now re;Itly in millilitres,. Follow It litres. To write two and one.half litres, you write 2.5 I, or procedures usec ,J,iig metres. 2.5 litres, To write one.half litre, you write 0,5 I, or 0.5 How Close litre, T, write two and Ihree,fow 1,,litres, you write Estima.eMeastirementWere Yon? 2.75 2,75 litr (m1) (m1)
Small juice call. For each 01 ihfoilowiN itorhs, use the procedures for; 1. 1.,......
estimating in metres, 2. Paper cup or tea How Close cup. EstimateMeasurementWere Vou?
(I) (1) 3. Soft drink can. 1 Medium,.size 4. Bottle. freezer container-,
2, Large freezer
container., IV, THE CUBIC METRE (m3)
3 ; Small freezer DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A CUBIC METRE eontainer. A.
1. Bottle or jug. 1.. Place a one metre square on the floor next fo the wall,
Measure a metre UP the wall,. HI, THE MILLILITRE (ml) 2...
3. Picture a box that would fit into that space. 1 000 ml - 1 litre. There are 1 000 millilitres in one litre. Half THAT IS THE yoLua oy ONE CUBIC METRE! a litre is 500 millilitres', or 0.5 litre . 500 m;
DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN CUBIC METRES I- DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A MILLILITRE %,,:
1, Examine.a 'centimetre cube.; Anything which holds For each of the folloWing items,.followthe estimating proced-; 1 cm3 holds 1 ml. tires used before: How Close 2. Fill a 1 nfillilitre measuring spoon,with rice. EmptY the .EstimateMeasurementWere You? spOon into,your hand. Carefully pour the rice into a (Ins) (ms) small pile on a sheet of paper,
THAT IS HOW MUCH ONE XILLILITRE IS! 1. Office desk,
Fill the 5 rill spdon with rice, Pour the rieeinto.another, 2. File cabinet.
pile on the sheet of paper. Y 3. Small room,
THAT IS 5 IIILLILITRES, OR ONE TEASPOON!
4. FilIthe 15 ml spoonwith.rke. Pour the rice into3third pile on the paper,
THAT IS 15 MILLILITRES, OR ONE .TABLESPOON!
THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION MASS (WEIGHT) MEASUREMENTACTIVITIES
Kilogram, Grarir
The mass of an object is a measure of 'the aMount of matter in the Mass
object. This; amount is always the sate unless you addor subtract some (kg) matter from the object. Qight is the term that most people use.when they mean mass. The weight Of an, objeet is affected by gravity; the 1. 1 kilogram box. ~ mass of an object is not: .For example, the weight Of a,person on earth 2. Textbook. might be 120 pounds; that same person's weight on themoon wouldbe 3, Bag of sugar, 20 pounds. This difference is because the pull of gravityon, the Moon
is less than the pull of gravity on earth. A person'smass on the earth 4, Package of paper,' and on the moon would be the same. The metric system does not 5, Your own mass, measure weighkt meaSuresmass. We 1,i;ill'uSe the term mass here.
.The symbol for gram is g. B. DEVELOP YOUR ABII.,ITY TO ESTIMATE IN KILOGRAM.S...,.. The symbol for kilogram is kg.
There are 1 000 grams in one kilogram, or.1 000 g = 1 kg. For the f011owing items ESTIMATE the mass of the object in kilograms,:then use the scale or balance to find the exact mass Half a kilogram can be written as 500, g,or 0.5 kg. of the object. Write the exact mass in the WASUREMENT 'A quarter of a kilogTam can he written.as 250 gor 0.25 kg.. column. Determine howdclose your estimate is:
Two and three.fourths kilograms is writtenas 2,75 kg How Close stimate/MeasurementWere You?
(kg) (kg),
THE KILOGRAM (kg) 1, Bag of rice,
DEVELOP A FEELING FORTHE MASS OF A KILOGRAM 2. Bag of nails,
3 Large purse Or Using a balance or scale; find the mass of the items on the table; briefcase, Before you find the mass, notice how heavy the object."feels" and'compare it to the reading on the scale or balance. 4. Another person. 5. A few books, ..1.....Iaw'w
THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Exercise 4 ebittinuedon next pige) . U, THE GRAM (g)
A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR A GRIM B. DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE IN'. GRAMS
Take a colored plastic cube. Holdit in Your hand. . You are riow ready,to improve your ability toestimate. Shake the cti'm in your palm as.if shaking dice.. Feel the grams. Remember how heavy the 1 gram.cube is, hOw heavy
pressure on Our hand when the cube is in mbtion, then the two gram cubes are, and how heavy the five gram cubes -
when it is not in motion'. , are, .For each ,f.the following items, follow the prxedures used for estimating in kilograms;' THAT IS HOW HEAVY.A GRAM IS!
How Close EstimateMeasurementWere You? 2. Take a second cube and attach it to the first. Shake the , cubes in first one hand and then the other hand; rest (g) (g) the cubes near the tips of your fingers, moving your 1. Two thumbtacks, d liand up and'down. 2. Pencil. THAT IS THE MASS OF TWO GRAMS! 3. Tid..page letter and envelope, gliwao. .,.."......
3, Take five cubes,in one handind shake then) around. 4. Nickel.
THAT IS THE MASS OF FIVE GRAMS! 5, Apple.
6. Package of margarine.
t .THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 11 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ACTIVITIES
Degree Celsius
I DEGREE CELSIUS.(° C) B, DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO ESTI= IN DEGREES Degree Celsius (°C) is the metric measure for temperature. CELSIUS
A. DEVELOP A FEELING FOR DEGREE CELSIUS For each item, ESTIMATE and write down howmany degrees Celsius you think it is. Then measure and write the MEASURE, Take a Celsius thermometer, Look at the markson it. gENT,. See how close your, estimates and actual measure. ments are, 1, Find 0 degrees. How Close WATER FREEZES AT ZERO DEGREES CELSIUS (0°C) EstimateMeasurementWere You? (°C) (°C) WATER BOILS AT 100 DECREES CELSIUS (100°C) Mix some hot and.
2, Find the tenierature of the room. Is the cold water in a room cool, warm, or about right? ...container. Dip your finger into the 3, Put some hot water from the faucet into a container, water; Find the temperature. °q. Dip your finger quickly in and out of the water. Is the water very'hot, Pour out some of hot, or just warm? the water, Add some hOt water. Dip your 4. Put some cold water in a container with a thermometer, finger quickly into Find the temperature. °C. Dip your' finger into the water. the water. Is it cool, cold, or very cold? 3, Outdoor tempera- Bend your arm with the inside of-yourelbowaround-the ture, bottom of the thermometer. After about three minute's find the temperature, °C. Your skin tempera. 4, Sunny window sill,
:ture is not as high as your body temperature. 5, 'Alix of ice and water,
NORMAL BODY TENIPERATURE IS 37 DEGREES 6, Temperature at CELSIUS (37°C). door.
A FEVER IS 39°C. 7. Temperature at ceiling. A VERY HIGH FEVER IS 40°C. ,...m.rwm... ftam01
THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Exercise 5
27 26 12 UNIT
OBjECTIVES METFICS IN THE OFFICi:,
The.studentwill recognize, select, and write correctly metric quantities used in job iH'..,!over to the.meiric system is uzr v. Large corpw.. n 1.1 areas a.,traps.
related.tasks, "iemicals. ..,onation syst,ms, usit.1.: the !um.: measurements to cf:.: the world mark:et. metric 5-: stem Given a metric measurement task, select : h'T6: (nsk in vall, parts of the indust, entifie communitit,. the appropriate metrie.unit. pdti',. 1975 Lumorizes an ordertrd iv to metric, Ashusint.md industry make:- Gilien a metric measurement taSk ;11 thiS 1H r, entiloyeeswill need ec,:nne±,,: dsing metric measurement in jolwelated occupation, estimate then measure the metric quantity, and offkT workers are more cL:. led with.the correct usage of metric terms and Given' a.metric quantity, write the with actual measurement task use metric termsto place orders, hill measurement corrktly using.either the\ ype and proof correspondence, ,. symbols or the name Odle unit.
Pap, 1' sizes and weights are changing. Mar, as are ChangR toTenftetres tuid-milltmetres-7 SUGGESTEDTEACIIING SEQUENCE Postal rate calculations will be based on grams. 1usiness and office stunts need to learn to and.use proper Metric nota- 1, Present or make available Information pronounce and spell' the names of metric units, write the synibols, Sheet 2, tion. kaddition, they need to be able to recognize the incorrect use of terms; for kample, if kilograms of chocolate (half ametric ton)is ordered, instead of 500 grants (about 'a pound), 2.'Presentor;make available the' inform- tion in Tables 1b, 2, and 3. Discuss how
to use theselables as:reference aides. (MetriC prefixesare located in Table lb: -Table 2-is a style reference containing rules for capitalization, punctuation, spacing, spelling, fractions and mathe matical operations.' It also conthins Suggestions for writing and tyPing metric units, terms, and symbols. Table 3 gives the correct spelling of metric units and symbols.)
3. dive th-e students practice in measuring
selecting, and correctly writing metric unitsby completingExercises 6., 7, and 8.
Test performance by using Section A of "Testing Metric, Abilities,"
THE CENTERFOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TYPE IT METRIC STYLE
1 . 1PITA1,11.A1.: 2..1 Ilk
Chik 2,3I Compound units
....I!! .1,,,'30 .upt Idthe unit 11se onyphen or spaco to ty.iiColDpi)11!ii 1110. niinte, lit :lie mod.. r_ -. rei. is lower case.
l'orred Iiiiirr Correto. Incorrect NIFITI newtonnetre Imre newt ()millet re newton metre WA I I newt onmetre degree 14, degree rekitis 2.3.2 Prefix....
Symbols
Therr!,, no hyphen 4% ilet. beRveonA IRClix Illid a unit MI syntbols Are typed In [Myer rase !!!'upt III' HIM units narned of ralloure, after people, nd for !he prAs.es , gi., and lera. ,
('orre.... Incorrect: ()Irmo' ..
millimetre milli.rnetre ke 'rg kilogram killygram oonle megahertz mega hertz t. I Awe, Celsius) .M
I , tem 3, SPACING
G 11118a I
1.1 'Prefix and Linn Syinbok Tnate Heading,
Pu hult knyV II space between a symbol or haw having a prefix. Uniti of rivasurt. in tiIi Ileading...... 1 he typed in either all caphals or all lower....t,Do not lecapital mid lower CAA.
, Incorrect: IetterS in an hid's:hr unit of.
m m . Correct- lneoro ...I milk metre
Grains
LitrN kilo gram
' 3.2 Su mbers and Symbols PINIVATION
. A space is left between n numberand a symbol, The symbol for Period 'degree tAsius" Call be wrItten with or withont 3 space.
Do WI USV3 iwnthl Alter a metric symbol 'unless the symbol ends a,sinitence, Correct:
4: a 101m1 10m1 Correct. Incorrect. '
12 cm 12 cm.
:150 g .150 g,
99 k nit h 90 km.111. 3,3 Gronping Numbers lj ml 50 m.l.
Numbers that are 1 000 and larger use a space'instead of a comma
2.2 Semicolon , tO separate grOups 4ffiree digits, A space is kit gter cad' roup of three numbers nth to the left and to the. righlof the di;cimal A semicolon separates nunibersin a !;elitience, Point, In 3 fouritigit number the space duelnot ba.ve to be used except to align w th tabulation, Correct: ...
6ntrec 7 Incorrect: ! 91 21. 1.9,2; 0.15 ,
2,186 g
, . Incorrect. 1,035 26 m 1,03526 m .61 2:1 1, 9,2, 0.15 io25 cm nr 1 925 crn
25987,m 25987 m
. 0.25k 8025 m
1 10340 m 10340 m
42352M . ,,,,,,, .- 42352 M
11 CENTER FOR litkADONAL EDUCAT)ON . Table 2 11 41 ITAArynn ...Itivv-r i r- .1 LE
I Ili;r1111,11; 3 ii 1'11;yrIs
d d;lii111.110! , 1;1 in mugoluu, kilolm,it LI,LcL;It arr. rrIame I and Clif uvuhuu ml tupandi. Iljr
I '0114" Incoricrl
111;c1Inire ntillanipere on ;yell.. fonpinol ;.; nil milli ampere
I
liii 'NS AND NIA.. .1pER,i'n()Ns
:II FI, 11111%
II Ileconal
"I'.I.1,INI; Derin;d1 ..,...oerred II;1ill friicliorts11144'4;
; e eunIntiel ;;11.1 denutnin.dor of 2, 3, I, 3r1; nerv; Boil; "r1;" "Pr" ohorn,Ii die Ineiric coin mi.h.elnplil C.Irrerl ..nn In re 'Iner huh in. ii 11,tutu uiu, Usu. 1;1,0 ,01.1111111, PO; 0111,1sti9th. i.; I 15 'IIIII ktr. ; sin
i
I I I 'no siflulti.
;.5 Q1141111111, 1;10 ,I1, add lu "fl t.;srauliul Ii plur,.I
'Infljllhllft" is, limit 1,p,.I.dinv.t44.16 On; thylind,ninn! Currect Ineurrvrt
SI run IuII
Iii Lt It; gs ti r.11
nll II ink I g
0.7) 7n1 ntl I 11 nut nam,
11.,;1111,S dro mark plural who; rrularvil rod rIgn.r1 Illeorrr,r1
r;11.1.,111.11,1i, Sq11116 1.01 dPrited moIrrs "L''; niiIni
n111101111,, 2.2 1...11Nr1tn; ;
lUtu 3.11Ire
ill liteviton.lnrtrr N-tll
Pa-v1P1NtlY1'1111114 whirh arr On les'', 011 sinaar.
beemil fravlions more 1 111111.one arm' alway;';Ihiurul 5 '2.2
..rrecl Ineorreet. .1s A mull ipher stmh lrulath, til ...produrl 11,5 grains ' gnon iii Iende..«( I i7;11'; I rlfrPei: lrant I 1iLru U metres 1.;!nr-.r.
110 tendis 121?.,:ttn
7.2 n1.11
siu and two tenthi -iograms)
2' IMillilitres 25 I 3n0 one tenth nntillditnil
THE CENTER FOR 'VOCATIONAL .EDt 'CAT ION Table 2 (costiped) TYPE IT METRIC STYLE 11
5.3 Division Customary and 11etric Symbols
Division indicated by Ihe diagonal (obhque stroke or solidus). Do not combine Customary.and metric symbols in theone Onl)lie diagonal should be used in a compound unit of measure. expresnion,
t'iirrect locorteet: Correct: Ineorrect:
em CM kg/m kg/ft,
Im2 114.1m1 knith lon".h
5 The Use of "Per" 5.1 Powers
5,1.1 Squares and cubes. Use the word "per" when writing out a metric expreitsismthm, !dilute a diagonal (oblique stroke or splidus) to indicate..rne word
naitrir syMbols wilh a superscript to indicate :irea and per when writing metric symbols. dome.
Correct: Incorrect: rarraCi: Idcorrect: kilometres per hour kiloinetr- ,ihour
55 mni 55 sq, km/h ; kph
10 cm' 10 cu, cm . joule per kilogram jouleUognon 1.1 tn' 3,1 sq, m J/kg J per kg
5,11 Scientific notation 6.6 Typing Suggestions
Division can also beshown by using a negative exponent. U. I Typeface
'1 Example: nrs m/s Type metric symbols in uptight trinnan 1 towlist,i1
Oh," s. kWh , italic (script) letters should be avoided,
m's n1112 Correctr Incorrect:
A OTHER-SUGGESTIONS
6.6,2 61 Combining kkitiricnits micro .tt
Di not cionione metric units in one expression. If the sYmbol ti (mu) is not available, spell out C:kr emit name. ;If necessary, the symbol eati bemade trl the lowercase "u" and adding s tail to the lower tell! or Correct Incorrect:
10.21 m 10 m 20 cm I nim Correct: micrometrei tn 100 cm bv 750 cm 100 cm by 7.5 ni
6,2 Combining Words and Symbols 6.6,3 ohm
Do nee :iimbine metric words and syrnbolr, in one expression: If the symhol atOmegal is not available, spell am t unit name. Correct Incorrect: Car clewatts per hour kilowattslh
kW1hour (/,6,1 litre .
6 1 Prefix,' The symbol for litre.is (hr lowercase "el," This c,,,ortani confused with the numeral "1" Ione), ,In ctises Amery CieOnt.;,Aa with a Unit of measure, confusion might exist, spell out the unit name in full
Correct:. 0.5 IiIre )dij (megagrani) kkg (kilukilograml 701 inn (millimetre) dcm (drcicentimelte)
... , Tatie.2 THECENTEA FOS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION :ontimed)
st) 1.1
16
WRITE & SPELL IT RIGHT
Quantity' Unit 'Plural Symbol , Quantity Unit Plural Symbol
lengt h metre metres in force newton newtons N
, centimetre centimetres cm conductance siemens stemeos - S
. millimetre millimetres mm , electric current ampere amperes A _ kilometre kilometres km electric change coulomb coulórnbs C 2 area square metre square metres M electric volt volts V ), potential square centimetre tiquare,cen limetrescm' elethic farad F- , 1 farads square millimetre square millimeties inm capacitance m3 . vohirmej cuhic Metre cubic metres electrical . o m ohms R
3 . resistance Capacity cubic centimetre culne centimetres cm L , power watt watts W litre litres I kilowatt kiloWatts kW millilitre ' 'millilitres nil , J energy joule joules 1 'mass gram grams g kilojoule kilojoules kJ kilogram kilograms kg _ ...... _,..., metric tpn metric tons t illuminance lux lux lx ,
0 luminous Candela 'candelas cd temperature depee Celsi M degrees Celsius -C intensity , kelvin kelvins K i densitY kilogram Per kilograms'per kg/m' . time day days d ," cubic metre .cubic metre . hour hours h pressure/stress .pascal Paseals minute minutes mM . .._ .._.,._ .._ .kinlopascal kilopastals' kPa second secOid.i--- amount of mole moles mol velocity metre per second metres per second ,,m1s. substance
,
frequency he'rtz hertz , Hz luminous flux lumen lumens: .. Im megahertz Megahertz KHz , magneticlux weber webers Wb
magnetic tesla teslas
. inductance
inductance henry henries . H.
___ Table 3
3CENTER F011 VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
36 TRYENG OUT METRIC UNITS
To give you practice with metric units; first estimate.themeasure . Etmiiitii ,Ailiial 1 ments of the items below, Write down your bestVOSSnext to the item,
Then actually measure the item.and write down your answers using the 16 \ liddle, desk drawer correct metric symbols. The more You practice, the ea'sier it. will be,
17.File cabinet drxwer
Estimate Actual 18.Box of rubber bands Length
1.Width of file drawer. 19.Wastebasket
2.File folder width 20,Bottle of typewrite::: 'learter
3.Length of standard.paper clip 2L Letter size file
4.Width of desk top 22..Coffee cup
, Length of table . Mass 6. :Length of typing book Ream,of paper
7.Height of the typewriter desk 24. Typing eraser
8,Width of "a" key on a 25. Paper clip typewriter. ,
9.Height of a fourArawer. 26. Dictionary letter file cabinet
Area 27.Business let'er in an envelOe
' 10. Desk top 28.Stapler
11. Small business card
12.Sheet of typing paper, emperature ., __Rooth_temperature. 13. Typing bookcover 30, Outside temperatze 14.Envelope 31. Hot tap -water Volume/Capacity
. . 15.Small file box , 32. Cold tap water
THE CENTER FOR VOCAT,ONAL EDUCATION 18
USE THOSE METRIC TERMS
.is important to know 'what metric measurement to use, Show' DelerminingtThe height What measurement to use in the following situations, of file cabinet
.1, Determining the area of 1,1. Finding the depth of ,desk top flit yabinet
2.Nleasuring the length of 15.Determining the capacity desk calendar of file drawer
3, 11easuring the width of Ordering a bottle of .dosk eillendar liquid correction fluid
Deterniinhig tim area of , 17. Determininghow much in.out basket water to put in acorfee pot
Measuring the.length of 18,hying rubber cement desk pad
19,Fincling the mass of a 1easuring.1 he width of business lett PE desk pad
20,Finding the mass ofa 7. Determining the iop, ,packageof 5 typing books margin of a INte.r
21,Buying dtiplicator fluid 8, Soiling the side'margM 'of a letter 22.Determining temperature
of the office. , 9,Determining the amount of typewriter cleaner 23,Adjusting chMr to fluid in a bottle comfortable height
10.Determining the rorrect 2,1. Finding distances for a dimensions of a piece of mileage report paper
''25.Ordering typing paper 11,Ordering a box of carbon
paper
12,. Delermining the Widthof filo folder
THE CENtER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION WRITING METRIC TERMS
Ushig the.reference materials, write metric Using the reference materials, write the 3. Write the metric symbol for the metric symbols for the following; numeral and write out the metric term for words that are written out, and write.. each of the following: the metric woids in full, for the mtAric Symbol's- that are' given..' Use Tables 1 h.,' a ).900 farads 2, and 3 as a guide, if necessary, a j975 cm3 b ) teslas a )Papenvidth, h ) 8-11 1 e I9 Webers 210 millimetres c )91 inm d )165 metres'. b )Stapler mass,
d ).17.pg ,100 grams ) 900 kilolitres
c) Bookshelf width,. . e I .118T f.I 619 micrograms 97.centimetres .1 IGNm . g.)11 'megavolts d )File cabinet height,
g I 78 WhInY.. 1.5 Metres h )28 centimetres
e ) Cooler of water,. h I11 m3 ).981 lumens 5 litres
i ) 871 ml 'j ) 968 cut* niillinietres f ) Dictionary' cover
j I b1g k )1 square metre area, 450 square centimetr k ).853 kPa I ) -165 metric tons I 'Volume orl cup of
I I ) 95°C in)90 kilometres per hour coffee, 215
m).161 V millilitres ni11 hours
) 978 Tm hITyping book mass, o I..76 degrees Celsius 1 kilogram I 81 kl
i ) Eraser, 50 mm
j I Desk drawer area,
10.880 cm3
) 500 1111 of coffee
I I Plocni temperature, 22iC
MI Mass of a paper clip, 0,5 g
II Ileighi of one hook. shelf, 30 cm
42 ) Itooin length, 10 m
1 yuplicator fluid,11 THE CENTER OR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 4ä Exerti'sp .8 20
METRIC-METRIC EQUIVALENTS UNIT Centimetres and Millimetres
OBJECTIVE
The student will recognize and use met. ric equivalents. 2 3 4 5 6 2 3 4
Given a metric unit, state an equivalent Look at the picture of the nail next to the ruler. The nail is 57 mm long, This is 5 cm + 7 mm. in a larger or snialler metric unit. There are 10 mm in each cm, so 1 mm = 0.1 cm (one-tenth of a centimetre). This means that 7 mm= 0.7 cm,so 57 ibm 5 cm + 7 mm = 5 cm + 0,7 cm = 5,7 cm. Therefore 57 rnm is the same as 5.7 cm.
SUGGESTED TEACHING SEQUENCE Now measure the paper clip. It is 34 mm, This is the'same,as 3:cm mm. Since,eabh millimetreis 0,1 cm (one.tenth of a centimetre), 4 ntri = cm, So;the.paper clip is Make available the Information Sheets 34 nut= 3 cm+ 4 mm (38) and the associated Eiercises = 3 cm + 0.4 cm. (9 . 15), one at a tithe. ..= 3.4 cm. This means that'34 mm IS the same as 3.4 cm.
As soon, as you have presented the ,Information Sheet 3 Information, have,the students complete each Fxercise,
Now you try some. Check their answers on the page titled ANSIVERS'TO EXERCISES AND a )26 mm Cm e ) cm TEST,
b) Cm f )802 Mm cm Test performance.by using Section B of c )94 mm cm g )1 400 mm = cm "Testing Metric Abilities." e ) 680 mm = cm h )2 307,mm =,-- cm
Exercise 9'
THE CENTER FORVOCATIONAL EDUCATION Metres, Celitimetres, andMillithetres Minikes to titres There are 100 centirrietres inone metre. Thus, There are 1 000 millilitres in one litre. Thismeans that' 2 nv; 21100cm= 200cm, 2 000 millilitre's is the same as 2 litres, 3 m..3 x 100cM= 300cm, 3 ono MI is the same 8 m= 8 x 100cm= 800cm, as 3 litres, 36 m= 36 x 100cm=3600cm, 4 000 ml is the same as 4 litres,
12 000 ml lithe same as 12 litres. -There are 1 000 millimetres'inone metre, so
9,rn= '2 X 1000 rnM= 2.000 m6 Since there are 1. 000 millilitres in each litre,one way to change milli
.3 m= 3x100mr ,3 000 runi, litres to litres'is to divide by 1 000: For example,'
m 6'1 mm = 6 000 mm, 1 000 24 In = 24 x 1 000 ram = 24 000 rnm, 1 000 "iE litre = 1 litre. Or 2 000 rom yOur work with decimals you should knOw that 2 00. o 17)0 litres = 2.1;:res,
one.half of a metrecan be written 0.5 rn (five.tenths of a metre), An6, as a ',mai example,
onefotirth ofa centimetre can 28 000 'ten 0,25 cm 28 000 ml:= 28 litres. 1 000ltres . (twenty-five'hundredths of a tentii.etre). 10
What if something holds 500 ml?' Howir2.ny litres is this? This is This means that ifyou want to change three.fourths of a Metre to worked the same way... millimetres; you wouid multiply by I 000.So 500 0,75 = 0:75 N 1 000 mm litre = 0.5 litre (five-tFTths of a litre ).. So 500.ml I 000
75 Is-me,same as onehalf (0,5) of a 1 000 mm 100 Change 57,:millikres to. litres, 1 000
= 75 x100 nim 57 57111 z7-07 tre = 0.057 litre lrifty soen thousandth; ofa, = 75 x 10 mm 140: 750 mm, This means tha 0,75 m 750 mm
Infprmation Sheet 4 Information Sheet 5, the f011owing chart, Now you try some. Complete the following chart,
metre centimetre millimetre m cm , mm millilitres litres (m1) Ill 1111 100 1 000 3 000 , mg 200 6 000 3 S 11111111111111111111= I I 000 111111111 23 300 0.3
, 700 111111111111111111=111 Ail' 111111111.1111111 95 250 46 1111111111111111111 118 . 0.47 47 um 63(,) 275 - Exercise 10 Exercise 11 THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Litres-to-Millilitres-- -KilOgramsto,..Gram
. What.do you do if you need to change litres to millilitres? Remether, To change kilogrms to grams, yottmaplyby 1 000. 'there are 1 000 'millilitre, in one litre, or 1 litre = 1 00,0 ml.
4 kg, 4 x 1 000 g =1 000 g,
S 23 kg = 23 x 1 000 g23 000g-, 0.75'kg =0.75 x 1 000 g 750 g. 2 litres =. 2 x 1 000 ml-= 2000 ml, 7 litres = 7 x 1 000 ml 7 000 ml, Information Sheet 8' 13 litres .13 x 1 000 m1.13 000 nil, Complete the following chart. 0.65 litre 0.65 x 1 pa ml . 650 mL kilOgrams grams
. InformationSheet 6 kg g Now you try some. Complete the folloing chart. 7000
11 litres millilitres 25000 1 ml 0:4 0.63 8000 175 Exercise 14
.16 32000 Changing Units at Work' 0,4 SoMe of the things you use in this.occupation may be measured in 0,53 480 Exercise 12 different metric units. Practice changing each of the follol,Iiing to metric equiva14Ms by completing these statements. Grams to KilOgrams a ) 500 cm of tape is There are 1 000 grams in.one kilogram. This means that b ) 250 ml of solution is 1 c ) 2 cm stamp is nun 2 000 grams is the same as 2 kilograms, . . d )500 g of mimeograph ink is kg 5,000 g is the same as 5 kg,' e ) 0,05 litre 'of fluid is I ) 1,5 mfile cabinet; is mm .700 g is the same'as (17 kg, and so on. g ) 2 500 g Package is kg h ) 24 cm side margin is mm To change from grams to kilograms, you use the same.procedure for ) 500 ml offluidis 1 changing from millilitres to litres. j) 0.5 t of paper is kg k ) 10 m of twine is Information Sheet 7 1 ) 3.5 cm paper clip is mm Try. the following ones. m) 20 kg.typewriter is
grams .- kilotgams n ) 25 cm wide envelope is mra g kg o ) 2 400 mm 'room divider length is cm:
, 4 000 4 9 000 r.
23 000 .. ...,.:.. . 77167.7-78. 215 Exercise 13 WORKING WITH METRICS
TYPING
The American Metric Council recommends when the following metric symbols are used frequently that they be included on typewriters: OBJECTIVES
1. superscripts2and-3 for squares and cubes- The student will correctly proof, type, 2, signfor a product dot and layout pages, using metric units, terms, nd a symbol ° for degree .symbols. 4. symbol SI for ohm . . 5, symbol p for micro Given a proofing exercise with metric terms, identify the incorrect usage of A special type eleMent is available for some typeWriters which contains these and many termS and symbols, and correctly type other characters used in technical reports.-Other typewriters can use replaceable character the exercise using proper rules of notation. keys.
Given layout information and metric If neither of these optionS is available the following procedures can be used on regular . dimensions, prepare an attractive typing keyboards. Superscripts, product dots, and degree symbols can be produced by rolling the layout for a page. platen half a space before typing the figure. Numerals are typed as superscripts, the period is substituted forte product dot and a lowerIcase "6 is typed fOf the-degree SYmb61.- "OM' (1) should be spelled out whenever possible. Mao (A) can be produced by striking a lower SUGGESTED TEACHING SEQUENCE case "u" and adding a tail tO the lower left side.
Present or make available Information LAYOUT AND MARGINS Sheet 9 and.Tables lb, 2; and 3. Review the reference format and ways of using Layout designs and margins will be given in millimetres and centimetres. 2.5 cm will be the reference material. used instead of 1 inch margins, 3,75 cm for 1 112 inches, 5 cm for2 inches, etc.*
Using the references, have students com- plete the proofing and typing exercises in Exercise 16.
Assemble equipment (paper, rulers, scissors, etc.) and have students complete
the layouts in Exercise 17. .
*Information adapted from Service Project Report by Beta Mti Chapter of Delta Pi Epsilon, Central Connecticut State College, New,Britain, Connecticut, November 1976,
THE CENTER kCI VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PROOFREADING METRIC TERMS
Part 1. 'Pype the fallowing memo, Be sure to proof it before you begin typing, (There are spelling, Symbol, and notation errors.) Prepare a Part 2, final Mailable copy.
Proof the following advertisement.' Thereare spelling, symbol,, 'To: ..All Staff "Date: De'rernber 14, 19.. notation, and Substitution errors, Type.a final printable copy. From: Paul Jones, President Subject:Adoption of Metric System
Due to the recent adoption of the metric system by the United States FOR SALE
, GoveMment, we find,some need to expand this coMpany's baCkgrolind"
---knowle-c-fge of the:system'.We Will be reqUiredtOOrder more of-our Lovely' Old-c-OlOnial horni loCated on woOded teglectare lotin equipment and supplies utilizing the metric unit'of measure. Also, our Worthmoore school district, just 10 Km.fronthe nearest shdping customers Will gradually begin to order in nietric quantities. Therefore, centre. The house has 225 sq; m, of floor-spate; a large 400 cms we mist prepare to meet:this challenge; ?lease review the following 730cm livingroMh; formal,335 Cm x 430.centilitre,dining romn; three:.
information,and keep.it available for easy reference.. . bedrooms; two full baths; finished basement; and seperate twocar:
garage. , 1. Linear, Measures will be: millimetres (mM) and centimeters It has a 250 liter water heater ,400 Litre fuel oil tank, and 15. (cm.) instead of inches; metres (M) will replace feet and cms of insulation in the attic, yards; kilometres will take the Place of miles. Travel reports will reflect Km rather than miles, Speed will be recorded in ° Special,features: two wood burning fireplaces with,4 Ms3 oft:, km per, hour rather than mph. cut:wood; wine cellar kept.'at. constant 12:'. C; 4-stallstable.with.500 Kg of feed', 25 M2 of formai garden; 4kiloliter of riding trails; 2 2. Area is measured.by cri12 replacing square inches:_ square hectare of woods; 1 1/2 hA fenced pasture', .75 km drivewaY bordered feet and square yards will be replaced by m", The unit of by a 'stone fense 1 3/8 rri high. land measure which replaces the acre will be the hectare.
For infOrmation call Metric Realty at 466.487,4,,Ext. 2. Liquid supplies will be Measured in millimetres (ml).and litres (L) (replacing the cup, pint, quart, gallon);,and very large'quantities will be measured in killolitres (kls),.
Weights wilt be determined in grammes, kilograms, and tonnes.
o, A comfortable room temperature will. be 20 degrees Celisus (20' C) instead of 68°F. Also, scientific'use of temperature will be shown in Kelvins.
.The following electrical tots will not change; voltes (v.), henries (H), webres (Wb), farades (F), and Wats'(Ws), etc.
11 Training prograMs will be,scheduled for all employees in the very near future. Let's go metnc!
THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 25
METRIC LAYOUTS
You have been given information for two layouts for LAYOUT 2, tYping, Your task is to prepare correct sizes of the items and
19111001 plan an attractive layodt for each page, (The figures shown L)ge 12 not for both layouts are the actual measurements you are to use; however, the drawings are scaled down from the actual size,)
LAYOUT 1, LrIlerlirkod
50 mm 05 mm 105 mm Letterhead
'10111, for Muck 2 216 mm Article 2
10mm
it; mm 90 mm 102 mm
56 mm SO mrn Article 1 IS mm
126 mm 60 mm Table
102 mm nign 0iiiim Aftle II) mm Cpliol for MUD 70 mm
101mm
30 mm 75 mm 15 rent,
Iiimm'
61 mm Article 2 k
Notate .101clo 1 Article 1 116 mm
50 mm Artl, le 1 95 mot
THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Exercise 17
55 2' UNIT
METR1C-CUSTOMARY EQUIVALENTS
During the transition period there will be a need for finding equivalents between systems. OBJECTIVE Conversion tables list calculated equivalents between the two systems. Whena close equivalent is needed, a conversion table can be:used to find it; Follow these steps: The student will recognize anduse metric and Customary units interchangeably in order. 1. Determine which conversion table is needed. ing, selling, and using products .and supplies in this occupation, 2. Look up the known number in the appropriate column; if not listed, find numbers you can add together to make the total of the known number, Given a Customary (or metric) measure. ment, find the metric (or Customary) Read the equivalent(s)' from the next 'column. equivalent, on a conversion table,
Given a Customary unit, state the re. Below is a table of metrigustomary equivalents which tells You what the metric replace. placement unit, ment forCustomary units are:* This table can .be used with Exercise AL:Part 1, ,The means "nearly equal to,"
SUGGESTED TEACHING SEQUENCE
Assemble packages and containers of materials. 1 cm 0.39 inch 1 inch .1,- 2.54 cm 1 ml 0,2 tsp 1.tsp5 mi.
2. ,Present or make available Information 1 m 3.28 feet; 1 toot kl 0.305 m 1 ml k. 0.07 tbsp 1 tbsp 15 ml Sheet 10, 1 ni k 1.09 Yards 1 yard 0.91 m 1 1.--z., 33,8 fl oz oz'e 29.6
1 km 'Ps: 0,62 mile 1 mile 1.61 km 1 l 4,2 cups' 1 cup z; 237 ml ,
Have stidents find approximate metriO 1 cm2 0.16 sq in 1 sq in 6.5 cm2 1 pts 1 pt,:t 0.47 1 m2 Customary equivalents by using 10,8 sq ft 1 sq ft 1 k 1.06 qt 1 qt0.95 l Exercise 18. 1 m2 1.2 sq yd 1 sq ycl z: 0.8 m2 1 k 0.26 gal 1 gal :t 3.79 1 1 hectare 2,5 acres 1 acre =/0.4 hectare 1 gram 'zt 0,035 oz 1 oZ 't 28.3 g
Test performance by using Section D of 1 cm3 0.06 cu in 1 cu in 16,4 cm3 1 kg 2.2 lb 1 lb 0.45 kg. : "Testingletrie Abilities," 1 m3 k, 35,3 cu ft 1 cu ft 0.03 m3 I metric ton2205 lb 1 ton 907,2 kg '. 1 m3 1,3 cu yd 1 cu yd 0,8' m3 1 kPa 0,115 psi 1 psi 6.895 kPa
*Adapted from Let's Measure Metric, A Teacher's Introciuctionto Metric MeasuremehrDiviS(on of Educatonal Redesign and Renewal, Ohio Department of Education, 65 S:Front Street, Columbus,OH 4321.5.'1975.
T THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Information Sheet 10-- 5,6 27 ,
ANY WAY YOU WANT IT
One of your office tasks may be typing purchase orders, making
changes from Customary.units to metric:uniti,; ofmeasure (as some supplierslill sell metric quantities only). TO develOp'your skill in MILLIMETRES TO INCHES determining approXimate Customary equivalents,use the. Table on inin in. 10, 0:39 Information qeet 10 and give the approximate metric quantity 0.04 , 20 0.79 0.08 I both nurntierliuid units) for each of the follOwing Customary 30 1,18 0,1 2 quantities.. 40 1.57 0,16 50. 1,97 0,20 _Customary ,,,.... Quantity Metric Quantity 60 2.36 0.24 70 2.76 0,28 a )1 gal. of typewriter cleaner Ii0 '3.15 , 0.31
) 5 oz. of correction fluid 90 3.54' 0.35
c )112 M. tape .
d 2 lbs. of hand cleaner INCHES TO MILLIMETRES
in,_ toni in, mm e )25 ft. of string . 10 254.0 1 25.4 .. 9-in. refe:renee Manual -20 -508,0- 50,8-
30 .762.0 3 76,2 g Two-gallon waste basket . 40' 1016.0 4 101.6'
50 1270.0 5 127.0 1 pt. of hand cleaner ' . 60 1524.0 152,4 i) 1;2 lb. of rubber bands 70 1778.0 177,8 .0.7...... w.4...... o.LN/w 80 2032.0 8 203.2 j 30 in. x 60 in.'desk 90 2286.0 228,6. k ) 1 fl,:oz. liquid re.type - Li
I ) 5 lb.'package
6 in..pair of scissors a) 1 mm ni) 1.5 in,, = n 3 mildistance . b )4'5 .nun= n')5 in.
c )25 mm .= ):2 in,
d 83 mm.= p 18 in.=
e )54 mm ),35 in.= 2.''rse the following conversion tables to find the metricor f) 72 mm.= ) 12 in.= Customary equivalent for these quantities. .
g 11 mm = s 7 in. =
),60 mm t ) 25 in.=
i 22 mM u ).11 in.=
j) 8 mm = )
k )21 nun = 4) 6 ini
) 75 mm
Exercise 18 _THE CEPfTER FOR VOCATION_AL,EDUCATION...,,, 5 9 28' \. Use this conversion'table to 6,The correct way to writetwetve 11, Which metric term is misspelled? SECrION A answer questions 15 and 16, thousand millimetres is:, 1, One kilogram is about the miss [A]henries of a: [A I12.000 mm. in, 'MI in.' [BIwatts =I
. [Alnickel' (B) 12,000 mm [CIkillograMs 100 3,94 10 0.39
[ B Iapple seed (C)12000mm 200 . 7.87 20 0.79 [DICelsius 300''. 11.81 30 118-- (CI 'basketliall [D]12000 mm 400 15.74 40 1.67 12, Which term' is the correct'way to [D ]Volkswagen "Beetle" 500 19.68 50 1.97 SECTION B write kiloinetres per hour: 600 23.62 60 2.36 [A]k.p.h, 70 2.76 2, A square metre is about the 7. A business form 20 centimell.es 700 27,56 800 31.50 80 335 area of: wide is 'lie same as: [BIkm/hr, 900 35.43 90 3,54 2 000 millimetres [A 1 this sheet of paper [A] [CIkM/h
[B]a Card table top [B]200 millimetres [DI' kilometres/hour
(C1a bedspread [C]0.02 millimetre
[D 1a postage stamp [D J2 millimetres SECTLON 13 8. Apaper216 millimetres wide is 15. The equivalent of 150 mm is: ,3. When setting side margins, the unit 13, The metric unit which replaces the the same as: of measure'to be usd would be: cubic yard is: [A ]5.91 in.
[A]21,6 Centimetres [A 1micrometres cubic kilogram [B 15,0 in,
[11 I 21,6 metres [131 kilootres cubic microwatt [C ]1.50 in, [CI2.16 centimetres [C1 centimetres cubic litre [D ]5.0 in.
[D]0,216 metre [ D 1' metres cubic metre 16. The equivalent of 210 mm is:
4. The Mass Of a business letter 14. The metric unit which replaces the [A]8.26 in. would be measured in: quart is: SECTION C [B]8,0 in, [AImillilitres. [A]microlitre 9, Which metric term is missPelled? [C]20.26 in,
(B ) litres [B]kilolitre [A Ilumens [D I20,0 in.
:[C]attres: [131/ miligrams [CImillilitre
[DIgrams [CIdegree Celsius [D]litre
("'DIlux 5. The correct way to write twenty grams is: 10: Which sentence is correctly typed?
IA 2Ogiis [A] The Card has a mass of 2 gs,
1BI ,.20 Gm: (B)The temperature is 33 degrees C.
20 g. [CIThe area of the floor is 9 000 m2.
[D1..20g [D] The executive traveled 1,500 km.
THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL ECILICATION TESTING METRIC ABILITIES ANSWERS TO EXERCISES AND TEST
!)1rt 3. EXEIICISES 1 TIIRL 6 Exercise 11 Exercise 14
Tho :mswer,dorw.nd on the items 210.mm .kilograms grams uNed for Ihe act it'll jos, .100 g millilitres litres g 97 c01 nil I EXERCISE 7 1.5 m Currently accepted metric units of '5 I 3 000 11111 1111111111.111.10Maill..4"....1 11 .. (11 000) measurement for each questio6 are -150 cm2 6 000 (6) I 251 25 000 shown in 'fable la. Standids in each 215ml (8000) 8 0..1 4100) occiipation are being established: 1 kg . 50mklimetres 0.63 . MI= ME now, so answers my .varyi 2' 10 880 Cob;c,.centimetres 300 0,3) 11111=1111 EXERCISE 8 500 millilitresi NM(0,7) 22 degreN Cekitis Part I; . 19001.- 0.9. 0.5 gram. a 900 F' i 981 110 250. 30 centiMetres. ( 5) T j 908 nim 10 !wires (170) 0.47 1. 9 1\1) k I. 1 m .10,27.51 1.1itres's _
4.05 m I I .165
900 kl iii) 90 kmill Exercise 12 EXERCISE 9 f 0.191.41, 0 ) 11 .
-11 MV o 70T .. litres ,, millilitres 2.6 cm el 13.2 cm I ml h 28 cm bi 58.3 cm fl 80.1cm cl 9.,4 cm gl 1.40.0 cm 8 '3 000 .11 68.0 cm 11,1 239,7 611 5 (5 000) EXERCISES 10 TI1111114 Part 2, 6 ., (16'000) (32), ,32; 000 975 cubic centimetres Tables are reproduced in tota1. An- 8.11 litres swers are., in.parentlieses. 0,4 (400). 91 millimetres 0,53 15301 Exercise 10 17 micrograms 10.181 480 118 teslas metre centimetre,millimetre (6 newton.metres or Exercise 13 m cM mm" 10 newton. Metres graths kilpgrthm g ) 78 webers per square or kg t., metre .._ 11 cubic metres 1 000 4. 871 millilitres 1111110111/0 9 000 (9) , 9.1 grams (900) MN 853 kilopascals IMMIMIIIMI 2757.-2777 8 95 degrees Celsius (71001- 171 M01 i8u00) \, 101 vo(ts 0 8 80 18001 300 (0.3) 978 teranietres ininififill...t) 275 .- 10,2751 8'1 kilolitres. (0,025) 2.5WM 10,1181 11.8 THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCATION 639 (6 390) SWERS 1110 EXtE,Ult AINV TE6T
EXERCISE 15 ;
a 15 m i) 0,5 litre
h I0,25 litre j ) 500 kg
c 120 rnm 101000 cm EXERCISE 17
(I1 0,5 kg . I 35 mm Teacher to determine criteria for attractive lavout. ) 50 ml m)20 000 g
f 1.500 inni n 1250 mm
.g) 2,5 kg ) 2.10 cm EXERCISE 18 h )240 mm Part'1,
a )3.79 litres h )0.47 litre EXERCISE 16 b 148 ml i) 0,225 kg The correct answers ate underlined c )1,27 cm j) 76.2 61x 152,4 crn in the following copy. d )0,9 kg, )
Part 1, e ) . 7,625.m I.)2.251g
f) 22,86 cm tn)15.24 cm Linear measures will lw: millimetresfinm) andEasizizta g )7,58 litresn )4,83 km (1 instea(I ofMches: metres (m ) will replace feet and . yards; kilometres will lake the place of Mlles. Travel reports will reflect km rather than miles. Speed will be recorded in Ithffrather than- mph,
Part 2, I) Area is measured by cm- replacing square inches; square feet and square yards will be replaced b ym2, The unit of a )(1,04 in. m)361'mnr land measure Nk" hich replaces the acre will be the hectare: ! b ).1.77 in, n )127 mm
c) 0.99 in. 50,8 mm .Liquid supplies' will be measured in millilitres (ml) and 3,27 in, p ).45,72 mm litres (1,), replacing the cup:pint, quart, gallon; and eery dl large quantities will be measured in kilolitres (kl). e )2,13 in. q )889 mm.
f 1.2.84 M. ) 30,1,8 ram 'Weights will be determined in gram:s., kilograMs, and g )0,43 in, s) 177.8 mm
h )2,36 in, t ) 635 mm
A erfortable room temperature will be 20 degrees Celsius i-)0.87 u 279..4.rnm
I 20 Ctinstead of68°F, Also, scientific use of temperature j ) 0.31 in, v 203,2 mm
will be shown in kdvins. ) 0.95 in, w ) 152.4 mm.
). 2.961n, x )914.4 pm 6. The following electrical:terms wil1llot change: v.olts (V), henries (H), Welwrs (Wb), farads (F), and ly,a115 (111), etc.
'Part 2.
Lovely uld cblonial home located on wooded.l.en-Leta TESTING METRIC ABILITIES lot in Worthmoore school district, just 10 km from the nearest tapliscenter. The househas 225 m", of floor space; a large 1. C 9, B. .100 cm x 730 cm liviaga1222; formal 335 cm n 430 cm dining 2. B 10, C,
room; three bedrooms; two fa baths; finished basement; and 3. C 11, C legate two-car garage.It' has a 250 litre Water heater, 400 4. 1:1 12. C litre fuel oil tank:and 15 cm of instilation in the attic, 5, D 13. 3 Special eatures: 2 woad burning firepjaces with 4 6, D 14. D ui cut wood; wine cellar kept at constant 12 C;4.stall stable 7. 15. A with 50011 of feed;' 25 m of formal garden; 4 kilometres of S. A 16, A riding trails; 2 hectares of WoodS';.1.5 ha. fenced pasture.;Oh2j,km
driveway bordered by a stone fence t375 m high. .
Thlf CENTER FOR VOCATIONAL EOUCATION * ;YEMEN Plaitns OM )916- 757.04 /OW Tools and DevicesList
Non
SUGGESTED METRIC TOOLSAND DEVICES NEEDED TO COMPLETEMEASUREMENT TASKS IN EXERCISES 1 THROUGH5 (* Optional)
UNEAR MASS
Metre Sticks Bathroom Scale Rules, 30 cm *Kilogram Scale Measuring Tapes, 150cm *PlatfoinSpring Scale *Height Measure kgSakagity *Metre Ti-pe,10 m 10 kg-Capacity *Trundle Wheel Baiance Seale with 8-piece *Area MeasuringGrid amass set *Spring Scak, 6 kiCapaciW VOLUME/CAPACITY TEMPERATURE *Nesting Measures,set of 5, 50 ml- 1 000 ml Celsitls Thermometer. Economy Beaker, set of 6, 50 ml - 1 000 ml Metric Spoon, set of 5, 1 - 25 MI Dry Measure, set of 3, 50, 125;250. ml Plastic Litre Box Centimetre Cubes
THE CENTER FOR VOCATIONALEDUCATION , the Oh%o State Unleetttiv 1960 Kenny Road cIunibut Ohio 43210
6 " REFERENCES
The Metric System and Its Impacton Business Education. Delta Pi Epsilon, Beta Mu Chapter, Central State College, New Britain,Connecticut, 1976, 51 pages,
Service project report giving information Let's Measure Metric, 1 Teacher's Introduction to MetricMeasurement. Divi- on history of the metrie system, its sion of Educational Redesign and Renewal, Ohio Department of Educa. impact on business, industry, and education, Specificsuggestions and materials for teaching metrics in business math, tion, 65 S. Front Street, Columbus, Oil 43215, 1975, 80pages; $1,50, consumer education, typewriting, and must include cheek to state treasurer. shorthand, Bibliography and supplementary Sourceslisted of abstracts, books, conference reports, kits, pamphlets, and periodicals, Activity-oriented introduction to the metric system designed forindepen- - dent or group inservice education study. Introductory information about, SI Metric: Style Manual for the International System of Units.International, metric measurement; reproducible exercises apply metric coneepts to Business Machines Corporation, White Plains, NY, date unknown,7 pages, 0 common measurement situations; laboratory activities for individualsor $.50, order No. SR23-3723-0. roups. Templates for making metre tape, litkbox,square centimetre grid.
Guideline for IBM personnel illustratinguse of SI units in written materials. MeowingaUh Meters,or, How to 14'6gh a Gold Brick with a Meder.Stiek, Content covers punctuation, spelling,usage and format, SI base units, sup- Metrication Institute ot Amenca, P.O. Box 236, Northfield, IL 60093, plementary units, derived units with specialnames, prefixes of SI units, and 1971, 23 mM,,16 mm, sound, color; $310.00 purchase, $31.00 rental, derived units without specialnames.
Film presents units for length,area, volume and mass, relating each unit The International System )f Units.(SI). The National Bureauof Standards,' to many Common objects, Screen overprintsshow correct use of metric Washington, DC, 19.ed., 43 pages, $,65, order by SD Catalog No. symbols and ease of metric calculations.Relationships among metric C13.10:330/3. measures of length, area, volume, andmass are illustrated in interesting and unforgettahle ways. Commonly known as "NBS 330, booklet definesmodernized metric system (SI). Contains resolutions andrecommendations of General Confet6ceon Metric Editorial Guide. American National Metric Council,Washington, DC Weights and Measures, as wellas international Organization for Standardiza- 1975,,12 pages, $1.50 each, quantity prices available, tion (ISO) on practicaluse of the system,
Set of recommendations servingas interim guide "to accepted metric
practices." Section on rules for writing metricquantities coveirsi. capitals, METRIC SUPPLIERS plurals, decimal points, grouping of numbers,spacing and compound units.
Additional sections cover: common metric units and symbols,pronouncia, Dick Buick Company, P.O. Box 1267, Galesburg, IL 61401 tion, typewriting recommendations, longhand and shorthandrecommenda, tions and SI Unit prefixes. Instructional quality rules, tapes, metre sticks, cubes, heightmeasures, trundle wheels, measuring cups and Metric Eitucatun,,In Annotated Iiibliography for tucatiuiial, Technical anW spoons, personal scales, gram/kilogram scales, feeler and depth gages, beakers, theimometers, kits Adult Education,Product Ugzation, The Center for Voeational Edu, and other aids. cation, The Ohio State University, Columbus,Olt 43210, 1974, 149 pages; $10,00. INFORMATION SODRCES Comprehensive bibliograPhy of instructional materials,refe:nce mate- rials and resource list for secondary, postlSecOndary,teacher education, American National Metric Council, 1625 Massachusetts Avenue, N,W,, Washington, . and adult basic education. Instructionalmaterials indexed by 15 occu, D C' 20036 pational clusters, types of materials, andeducational level, ,
Metric hdueution, Position Paper for Vocational, Technical,and Adult Edu Charts, posters, reports and pamphlets, Metric Reporter newsletter, National ce bow.' Product Utilization, The Centerforpcational Education, The metric coordinating council representing industry,gore. nment, e'ducation Ohio State University, Columbus, 01143210, 075, 46 pages; $3.00. professional and trade organizations.
Paper for teacheis, curriculum developers,and adminikrators in voca . National Bureau of Standards, Office of InfonnationActivities, D.S. Department of tional, technical and adult education.Covers issues in Metric education, Commerce,yashinAonO. C.,.20234. the metric system, the impact of metricationon voCational and technical education, implications of metric instructionfor adult basie education, 'Free and inexpensive metric charts and publications, also lendsfilms and and currieulum and instructional strategies. displays.