c/o Katina Strauch Post Office Box 799 Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482

ALA MIDWINTER issue TM

volume 28, number 6 DECEMBER 2016 - JANUARY 2017

ISSN: 1043-2094 “Linking Publishers, Vendors and Librarians” The Value of Publishing: What’s Worth Paying For? by Nancy L. Maron (President, BlueSky to BluePrint)

e spend a lot of time talking about munity-based organizations like Knowledge The findings raise two key questions: Why how books are expensive: on one Unlatched have jumped into this space with does it cost that much to publish monographs Whand, to produce, to distribute, a model that permits university presses to today? And, does it need to be that way? to preserve and on the other, to buy. The test the waters with a few titles. Others, like The essays included here all speak to the question of cost has been particularly im- UCP, have developed models of their own. more qualitative side of the business of pub- portant recently, as publishers of monographs But many publishers still wonder if an “open” lishing. What is the substance of this work that experiment with ways to adopt the open model can compensate them for takes so much time, and ends up costing so access models popular with journals. the effort each book requires to much? Noting that acquisitions work can take And it’s a delicate topic: mono- publish. years is fine, but what does that really mean? graph publishing has largely So, what exactly does it Certain key elements in scholarly publishing resisted OA models, despite cost? A study my colleagues — peer review is a perfect example2 — must be sometimes heated rhetoric and I conducted with funding clarified to have real meaning: the peer review from OA advocates. (One from The Andrew W. Mellon conducted by an OA STEM journal publisher conference presentation a Foundation demonstrated that is unlikely to be the same process, for the same few years ago underlined the even if you include only staff time ends, at the same cost, as the process under- revolutionary nature of the and direct expenses, spending per book taken by a scholarly book publisher reviewing movement by featuring an image of Delac- averaged between $22,559 at the smallest an important new work in an emerging field. roix’s Liberty Leading the People, though the presses and $34,686 at the largest ones. These When publishers, funders, university adminis- tone has cooled somewhat since then.) figures rose substantially when we included trators and library-based publications programs Not that there hasn’t been interest in OA, overheads like technology development and start talking about the “cost” of publishing, it’s 1 particularly from university presses. Com- support, legal, and finance. continued on page 8

If Rumors Were Horses What To Look For In This Issue: Charleston Library Conference Fast It’s 2017! Can you believe it? A happy and Hot off the press!!! The Charleston Pitch 2016...... 46 prosperous year to all of us! Conference dates for 2017 have changed Collaborations and Partnerships for After 40 years, Bruce and I have moved slightly. Due to an egregious scheduling the Modern Academic Library...... 53 from the Citadel. Heart-wrenching! Our error on the part of the Gaillard Center, we The Primary Advantage of Literary new address will be PO Box 799, Sullivan’s are forced to move the conference dates up by Scholarship...... 58 one day. The preconferences will now be held Island, SC 29482. Street address is 1712 Worlds Apart...... 63 Thompson Avenue, Sullivan’s Island, SC on Monday and Tuesday, 11/6 and 11/7, the 29482 but we prefer mail to our PO Box please! Vendor Showcase will be on Tuesday, 11/7, The Frankfurt Book Fair...... 86 Sullivan’s is only and the main conference will run Wednesday Interviews 15 minutes from through Friday, 11/8 - 11/10. We have not changed dates for future years! Multi-Perspective on Video Streaming downtown so not featuring: Leandra Preston-Sidler, much will change And Ann Okerson’s liblicense-l has com- Kiren Shoman, and Michael Arthur.....40 but the address. I pleted 20 years of publication. January 2017 will use my cell will begin the 21st year! Congratulations to Stephen Rhind-Tutt...... 43 phone (843-509- Ann and the Liblicense team! Profiles Encouraged 2848) and the Heather Ruland Staines has started the Our New Section with 13 people and same landline new year in a new position! She is now at 7 companies or university presses.....79 (843-723-3536). Hypothes.is a startup which brings a new layer Plus more...... See inside Ann Okerson snapped this The fax line is not to the web helping us to discuss, collaborate, photo of Chuck Hamaker on operational right and organize research and take personal notes. his birthday during the 2016 now so please Try it out. It looks pretty cool and useful! Charleston Conference. scan or email if at Congratulations, Heather! https//hypothes.is We hope your birthday was all possible. fabulous, Chuck! continued on page 6 1043-2094(201612/201701)28:6;1-J Publishing Information Science and Technology Research Since 1988

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Against The Grain Against the Grain (USPS 012-618) (ISSN 1043-2094) TABLE OF CONTENTS is published six times a year in February, April, June, September, November, and December/January by Against v.28 #6 December 2016 - January 2017 © Katina Strauch the Grain, LLC, Post Office Box 799, Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482. Subscription price per year is $55 U.S. ($65 ISSUES, NEWS, & GOINGS ON Canada, $90 foreign, payable in U.S. dollars). Periodicals postage paid at Charleston, SC. Postmaster: Send change Rumors...... 1 Letters to the Editor...... 6 of address to Against the Grain, LLC, Post Office Box 799, Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482. From Your Editor...... 6 Deadlines...... 6 Editor: Katina Strauch (College of Charleston) FEATURES Associate Editors: The Value of Publishing: What’s Worth Paying For? — Guest Editor, Nancy Maron Cris Ferguson (Murray State) Tom Gilson (College of Charleston) The Value of Publishing: What’s Small But Mighty: How University John Riley (Consultant) Worth Paying For?...... 1 Presses Bring Academic Ideas to the Research Editors: by Nancy L. Maron — A study demonstrated Judy Luther (Informed Strategies) World...... 20 that even if you include only staff time and by Jessica Lawrence-Hurt — MIT press Assistants to the Editor: direct expenses, spending per book averaged Ileana Strauch focuses on mission, a close relationship with Toni Nix (Just Right Group, LLC) between $22,559 at the smallest presses and audiences, and of course, far fewer resources $34,686 at the largest ones. Editor At Large: than commercial presses. Dennis Brunning (Arizona State University) I’ll take “Sifting and Winnowing” for Adding Media, Adding Value...... 21 Contributing Editors: $1000, Alex...... 12 Glenda Alvin (Tennessee State University) by Susan Doerr — Two digital publication Rick Anderson (University of Utah) by Dennis Lloyd — Adopting a one-size-fits- platforms currently in development, Manifold Sever Bordeianu (U. of New Mexico) all approach to “scholarly articles” seems and Fulcrum, allow authors and publishers to Todd Carpenter (NISO) problematic to Dennis. expand the amount and types of media that can Bryan Carson (Western Kentucky University) be included in a publishing project. Eleanor Cook (East Carolina University) Building a List...... 13 Anne Doherty (Choice) by Richard Carlin — To “build” a list of titles Ditching the Guillotine: An Education Ruth Fischer (SCS / OCLC) Michelle Flinchbaugh (U. of MD Baltimore County) that will form a coherent publishing program in Accessibility...... 24 Joyce Dixon-Fyle (DePauw University) goes well beyond evaluating proposals on an by Becky Brasington Clark — Issues sur- Laura Gasaway (Retired, UNC, Chapel Hill) individual basis. rounding accessibility and reading have been Regina Gong (Lansing Community College) with us for a very long time. How many books Chuck Hamaker (UNC, Charlotte) Lucid Prose, Good Timing, Happy William M. Hannay (Schiff, Hardin & Waite) Authors: Steps Toward Successful published are available to individuals with Mark Herring (Winthrop University) print disabilities? Bob Holley (Retired, Wayne State University) Editorial Production...... 15 Donna Jacobs (MUSC) by Jenya Weinreb — In a future scenario, as The Singularity of the Book...... 25 Lindsay Johnston (IGI Global) in our current landscape, the three components by Carey C. Newman — Publishers now must Ramune Kubilius (Northwestern University) of the ideal editorial process will be quality, secure and digitize all the content possible and Myer Kutz (Myer Kutz Associates, Inc.) timing, and author relations. become experts in optimizing that content’s Tom Leonhardt maximum discoverability and lure. Rick Lugg (SCS / OCLC) Dust Jackets to Dust?...... 17 Jack Montgomery (Western Kentucky University) Op Ed — Pelikan’s Disambiguation....28 Bob Nardini (ProQuest) by John Sherer — The ever-present challenge Jim O’Donnell (Arizona State University) of limited resources triggers the question of “Digital Golf Clubs” by Michael Pelikan — Ann Okerson (Center for Research Libraries) how much it costs to put a cover on a book. Workflow and tool selection have traded places Rita Ricketts (Blackwell’s) as cart and horse over the years. One knows Jared Seay (College of Charleston) Making Connections, Building not to place the cart before the horse. One does Graphics: Community...... 18 not always accurately judge which is which. Bowles & Carver, Old English Cuts & Illustrations. Grafton, More Silhouettes. Ehmcke, Graphic Trade by Kathryn Conrad — Marketing books is Back Talk...... 86

Symbols By German Designers. Grafton, Ready-to-Use part of our mission. Read about the launch of The Frankfurt Book Fair by Ann Okerson Old-Fashioned Illustrations. The Chap Book Style. La Calle by the University of Arizona Press. — Ann says to experience cutting edge in the Production & Ad Sales: book business, one has to go to a city that’s five Toni Nix, Just Right Group, LLC., P.O. Box 412, Cottageville, SC 29435, phone: 843-835-8604 hundred years old. fax: 843-835-5892 Advertising information: ATG SPECIAL REPORT Toni Nix, phone: 843-835-8604, fax: 843-835-5892 The Charleston Library Conference Fast Pitch 2016...... 46 Fast Pitch was conceived by Ann Okerson and supported by Steve and Jane Goodall’s Family Send ad materials to: Attn: Toni Nix, Just Right Group, LLC Foundation. We asked conference registrants to submit proposals to present at the Charleston 398 Crab Apple Lane, Ridgeville, SC 29472 Fast Pitch plenary session. Fast Pitch was open to those in the process of developing new, in- Publisher: novative, and implementable ideas to improve their academic libraries or related organizations. A. Bruce Strauch Send correspondence, press releases, etc., to: REVIEWS Katina Strauch, Editor, Against the Grain, LLC, Collecting to the Core...... 29 Book Reviews...... 35 Post Office Box 799, Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482. phone: 843-723-3536, fax: 843-805-7918. Cross-disciplinary Criminal Justice Re- Monograph Musings by Regina Gong — sources by Beth Sheehan — Books we need Regina says that with the help of her awesome Against the Grain is indexed in Library Literature, LISA, to keep in our collections. crew there have been forty-six books reviewed Ingenta, and The Informed Librarian. in ATG’s v.28. and this issue contains eight new Authors’ opinions are to be regarded as their own. All From the Reference Desk...... 33 rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ones. Crucible Moments: Inspiring Library This issue was produced on an iMac using Microsoft Word, Reviews of Reference Titles by Tom Gilson Leadership and The Invisible Librarian: a and Adobe CS6 Premium software under — Tom reviews The SAGE Encyclopedia of Librarian’s Guide to Increasing Visibility and Mac OS X Mountain Lion. Contemporary Early Childhood Education; Impact are two of them. Against the Grain is copyright ©2017 Shakespeare and Visual Culture: A Dictionary; by Katina Strauch and more. Don’t miss his “extra servings!” 4 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 ALA MIDWINTER Issue ATG INTERVIEWS & PROFILES “Linking Multi-Perspective Interview on Video Profiles Encouraged...... 79 Publishers, Vendors Streaming...... 40 Our New Section in ATG — In this issue we and Librarians” featuring: Leandra Preston-Sidler, PhD, have included profiles for 13 authors and/or Kiren Shoman, and Michael Arthur interviewees which are featured in this issue as well as seven profiles for companies or Stephen Rhind-Tutt...... 43 university presses. President, Alexander Street LEGAL ISSUES Uncommon ... Edited by Bryan Carson, Bruce Strauch, and Jack Montgomery Against the Grain is your key to Legally Speaking...... 51 Questions and Answers...... 52 the latest news about libraries, by Bill Hannay — Bill updates some recent Copyright Column by Laura N. Gasaway — publishers, book jobbers, and issues – The right to be forgotten, ADA and Many relevant questions and answers. What’s subscription agents. ATG is a unique MOOCs, The Georgia State e-Reserve Case, the copyright status of documents from the UN? collection of reports on the issues, and Delhi University photocopying case. There are many more questions! literature, and people that impact the world of books, journals, and PUBLISHING electronic information. Bet You Missed It...... 10 Straight Talk...... 57 Unconventional ... by Bruce Strauch — What do bookstores and Signs of Scientific Publishing Disruption: A ATG is published six times a year, rabbit hunters have in common? Read it here! Look at Elsevier, the World’s Largest STM in February, April, June, September, Little Red Herrings...... 55 Publisher by Dan Tonkery — Dan tests the November, and December/January. theory that OA has taken over and replaced the A six-issue subscription is available A Life Now Lived by Mark Y. Herring — subscription model. Mark is being philosophical as he contem- for only $55 U.S. ($65 Canada, $90 plates retirement in several years. Random Ramblings...... 58 foreign, payable in U.S. dollars), making it an uncommonly good buy The Scholarly Publishing Scene...... 56 The Primary Advantage of Literary Schol- arship by Bob Holley — Bob’s main point is for all that it covers. Make checks PROSE Awards, Again by Myer Kutz — The that literary studies have the advantage of hav- payable to Against the Grain, LLC pile of books on Myer’s office floor gives us all a ing the primary scholarly resource available and mail to: glimmer of hope that the general-book-reading so that, in many cases, anyone can have direct Against the Grain public will endure, at least for a while. Publish- access to the “evidence” to test the research c/o Katina Strauch ers continue to bet that they can sell such books and possibly argue a different point of view. Post Office Box 799 to audiences already soaked by the Internet information deluge. Don’s Conference Notes...... 74 Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482 by Donald T. Hawkins — Reports from An *Wire transfers are available, NFAIS Workshop and A Charleston Precon- email ference Seminar. for details and instructions. BOOKSELLING AND VENDING Both Sides Now: Vendors and Curating Collective Collections...... 61 Librarians...... 32 ReCAP, Centralized Book Housing, and the Value: A View from Different Angles by Mi- Economy of Shared Collections, or, From chael Gruenberg — In the world of negotia- Book Barn to Service Center by Jacob Nadal tions, honesty by both sides goes hand-in-hand — In this column, Jacob shares thinking he has with understanding the value each party will done based on the elaboration of ReCAP’s role derive by completing the buying and selling among its member libraries, Columbia, New process in an open and forthright manner. York Public, and Princeton, as well as among libraries more generally. Optimizing Library Services...... 53 Collaborations and Partnerships for International Dateline...... 63 the Modern Academic Library by Brian Worlds Apart by Rita Ricketts and Lydia Doherty — Academic libraries have expanded Weyers — Similarities, and differences, of two their services to support not only access and special collections are explored in this essay. discovery of information, but also the creation Let’s Get Technical...... 66 and dissemination of it. A Herculean Task: Cleanup in Prepara- Collection Management Matters...... 60 tion for Migrating to a New ILS by Stacey A Requiem for the Reference Collection by Marien and Alayne Mundt — The nine-mem- Glenda Alvin — Reference Sections as we ber Washington Research Library Consortium used to know them are passing into library (WRLC) in the DC area is migrating to Alma history. They will continue to be downsized and and they have some recommendations to share. discarded, as libraries continue to transform Biz of Acq...... 67 to meet the challenges of providing meaningful Digging Deeper: Trends by Discipline after and viable services to their stakeholders and 4+ Years into Winthrop’s PDA Program communities. by Antje Mays — This second article in the three-part series shows expenditures and usage

trends in more depth by discipline for print and Name ______Address ______City State Zip ______Company Phone ______Email ______eBooks from year 2011/12 through 2014/15. Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 5 From Your (moving to a new place) Editor:

hen I was a kid, we moved every This issue has been guest edited by the views are with Stephen Rhind- year. My dad wasn’t in the military gorgeous Nancy Maron on the theme of The Tutt and a multi-part perspective interview Whe was a struggling graduate student Value of Publishing: What’s Worth Paying on video streaming. Our profiles encouraged cum professor following the best salary he for? There are papers from Dennis Lloyd (sift- section continues to grow with profiles of librar- could get for his family of five. Moving was ing and winnowing), Richard Carlin (building ians, companies and presses. Tom and Regina fun but it was also stressful. You know, the a list), Jenya Weinreb (editorial production), have done their usual stellar jobs of reference new school, trying to make new friends and fit John Sherer (the dust jacket), Kathryn Con- and general book reviews, as well as Choice’s in. We finally settled in New Orleans for three rad (community), Jessica Lawrence-Hurt Collecting to the Core. And we have a special years, hooray! But moved again to Richmond, (university presses), Susan Doerr (media), Legally Speaking by Bill Hannay as well as Virginia, where we settled for two years until Becky Brasington Clark (accessibility), and Lolly’s magnificent Copyright Q&A. I went to college. Carey C. Newman (the book). I am being paged to look over the house to We are moving out of our house of 40 years Our Op Ed is on Digital Golf Clubs and make sure it is really empty (yes) and contrac- on the Citadel campus. It’s been a long run but Back Talk is about the Frankfurt Book Fair. tors to ask about what goes where (could that we have managed and are all moved out! And The Special Report is about the Charleston be a future Conference theme?). Happy New ATG must go on despite all the chaos! Conference inaugural Fast Pitch. Our inter- Year!! Love, Yr. Ed.

Letters to the Editor Send letters to , phone or fax 843-723-3536, or snail mail: Against the Grain, Post Office Box 799, Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482. You can also send a letter to the editor from the ATG Homepage at http://www.against-the-grain.com.

Editor’s Note: In this issue we’d like to Toni and Leah — thanks so much for all Hello Toni — A quick question ... very share some comments received regarding the the hard work you put into the annual meeting. premature but while it is on our minds: is 2016 Charleston Conference and Vendor I can speak for a lot of principals who agree there a way to request similar location in the Showcase. Many thanks to everyone for with me that it is the most productive, concen- Calhoun room again for the coming years? sharing your thoughts. — KS trated event of the year. Traffic was great! Thank you again. Eric Calaluca (Paratext) Thanks, Candace Mooney (WT Cox In- formation Services) Hi Katina — I’d be delighted to further share our work at Syracuse with the many readers of Against the Grain (among which Hi Leah / Toni — Congrats on another suc- Hi Toni — I heard great feedback from our I count myself). And thank you for the kind cessful conference. I would love to get Credo reps that attended the Vendor Showcase last words about my presentation. More than any in the main hall next year. We’ve been in the week. We definitely want to sign up, and try of us on stage, however, I think the real winner Pinkney and Gold Room last 2 years .... So if to get placement on the main floor. it’s first in, wins ... we want to register asap! was the Charleston Conference itself. The Are you taking signups for 2017? If not yet, Fast Pitch event — and the people behind Thanks, Ian Singer (Credo) it — were just another demonstration of why Elizabeth Reid (Bureau van Dijk) year after year. Enjoying the gorgeous weather and the Best, Scott Warren (Syracuse University beautiful city, and great conference! Libraries) Thanks, Tony Horava (University of Ottawa) Rumors from page 1

AGAINST THE GRAIN DEADLINES In Charleston 2016, we introduced Fast VOLUME 29 — 2017-2018 Pitch, an opportunity for budding library and information entrepreneurs. We were looking 2017 Events Issue Ad Reservation Camera-Ready for well-developed plans for new or improved services that will benefit the users of an ac- Annual Report, ACRL February 2017 01/05/17 01/19/17 ademic or research library. Approaches for MLA, SLA, Book Expo April 2017 02/16/17 03/09/17 offering new types of library information, more effective use of existing resources, or ALA Annual June 2017 04/06/17 04/27/17 special outreach to attract new users were all Reference Publishing September 2017 06/15/17 07/06/17 welcome. See this issue, p.46 for a full report! And we plan to have a 2017 Fast Pitch session Charleston Conference November 2017 08/17/17 09/07/17 in November 2017. Let’s start brainstorming ALA Midwinter Dec. 2017-Jan. 2018 11/09/17 11/24/17 innovative ideas! FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT Speaking of the 2016 Charleston Confer- ence, our wonderful video and audio engineer, Toni Nix ; Phone: 843-835-8604; Fax: 843-835-5892; Don Lewis (who films many of the sessions USPS Address: P.O. Box 412, Cottageville, SC 29435; FedEx/UPS ship to: 398 Crab during the Conference) has secured the do- Apple Lane, Ridgeville, SC 29472. main name ATGthePodcast.com and has continued on page 22

6 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017

further research as well as works of theater, public discourse and community building, a mission-based bulls-eye. Jessica Lawrence-Hurt, International & Institutional Sales & Marketing Manager at The MIT Press takes us to the outer limits of ke a closer look at.... imagining how existing sales infrastructure Ta can still be highly relevant even in a post-sales world. Writing about distribution channels, she makes a compelling case for this as a key strategy for making sure that new scholarship finds its audience locally and globally. She The CHARLESTON REPORT notes that the pressure of having to make the case for why a sales rep should pitch it to a Business Insights into the Library Market bookseller, why a bookseller ought to purchase copies for their shop, why a customer ought to make the choice to purchase the book — is a You Need The Charleston Report... process of iteration, ongoing refinement based if you are a publisher, vendor, product developer, merchandiser, on market feedback that helps to improve the consultant or wholesaler who is interested in improving value of the work to its audience. Digital formats hold out the opportunity and/or expanding your position in the U.S. library market. for great innovations, but these are not always accompanied by cost savings. Rather, Susan Subscribe today at our discounted rate of only $75.00 Doerr, Assistant Director, Digital Publishing and Operations Manager of The University of Minnesota Press, describes both the pleasures and constraints she has witnessed in imple- The Charleston Company menting Manifold, a browser-based publishing 6180 East Warren Avenue, Denver, CO 80222 platform. Along with the enticing potential to include more and varied media, she describes Phone: 303-282-9706 • Fax: 303-282-9743 the additional time and cost required for meta- data creation and rights clearance, suggesting that boundless may not always be better. Becky Brasington Clark, Director of the Library of Congress Publishing Office, Jenya Weinreb, Managing Editor of Yale shares with us the importance of building books The Value of Publishing ... University Press, brings us into the ring, so to to be accessible to those with disabilities, the from page 1 speak, to observe the collegial mano a mano challenges that can face publishers undertaking many press staff have with their authors as they this, and some practical guidance for those just worth making sure we are comparing apples to work together on the substance of a manuscript. getting started. Here, too, she sees the benefits apples, and not throwing the oranges out with Copyediting — another term often wrongly as potentially vast, but cost savings is not likely the bathwater. interpreted as little more than proofreading — to be among them. here receives graceful treatment, explained as Finally, Carey Newman, Director of From “Cost” to Value: What is an intimate process whereby copyeditors coax Baylor University Press, throws caution to Worth Paying For? the text and its authors to greater clarity. the wind with a full-throated appeal for the Contributors to this issue each address a As scholarly books move to a digital-first pleasures of the book. He takes us back to specific function of book publishing today. environment, Press Directors are actively when publishers were printers and books were Authors were challenged not to “justify” the hoping to understand which elements might precious objects, when publishers “lavished work they do today, but to imagine a world be economized, in the service of cost and attention on covers, font, leading, gutters, with monographs in digital and open access time savings. John Sherer, Spangler Family margins, headers, trim sizes. Publishers have formats. What changes would their work Director of The University of North Carolina long labored over prefaces, introductions, require? Could it be done differently? What Press, provocatively argues that dust jackets prose, notes, and conclusions.” He argues elements of publishing might be able to go, and and perhaps cover art itself may well become that even today, “Publishing is not technology, which should be defended at all costs? a thing of the past, as other means of discovery though it employs technology. Publishing is Publishing starts with acquisitions work, — metadata-led search, reader referral, and so not a business, though it depends on money. as editors determine which books a press forth — are increasingly important in an online Publishing is art.” publishes, how the works are identified and/or environment. Reconciling Art and Business: The developed over time. Dennis Lloyd, Director The Costs of Publishing Monographs study Future of Scholarly Book Publishing at the University of Wisconsin Press, high- made sure to capture activities including mar- lights the value the publisher plays in “sifting keting and distribution (with the exception of It seems to me that there are a few ways for- and winnowing,” by mercifully narrowing print books, and activities tied only to sales). ward, both for those already in the publishing down the pool of material, so that readers can Here, contributions illuminate some hidden business and those just getting started: more quickly identify the works most suited values of marketing, vital even in an OA • Existing publishers may want to to them. Richard Carlin, Executive Editor environment. Kathryn Conrad, Director re-assess the effort they are spending at Oxford University Press, published author, of The University of Arizona Press, offers on different parts of their lists in light and veteran of presses large and less large, of- the moving example of a campaign for an of the aims of those lists. Discus- fers a glimpse into the intensive work involved academic book that served as a bridge to the sions at the 20 presses in the study in seeking out and shaping a strong thematic Mexican American community in Tucson. suggested that staff in many roles list of titles over time, with the reputation and True, community events and outreach may want to devote the same level of craft reach to support existing authors and to attract generate sales, but what began as a book re- to all the books they produce and see new ones. lease party developed momentum that led to continued on page 10

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PDA_AVON_AG_AD_12_16.indd 1 12/20/16 9:44 AM Bet You Missed It Press Clippings — In the News — Carefully Selected by Your Crack Staff of News Sleuths Column Editor: Bruce Strauch (Retired, The Citadel)

Editor’s Note: Hey, are y’all reading this? If you know of an article that should be called to Against the Grain’s attention ... send an email to . We’re listening! — KS

BOOKSTORE ON SANTORINI YOU’VE READ THE BOOK; NOW MEET THE AUTHOR by Bruce Strauch (Retired, The Citadel) by Bruce Strauch (Retired, The Citadel) Unbelievable. In 2002, a pair of college juniors got the wild Goodnight Moon was published in 1947 and has been adored ever since. idea of opening an independent bookstore on the Greek island of 14 million copies sold. The wild author, on the other hand, is forgotten. Santorini. They did it, and it’s still alive. It sits on a promontory Margaret Wise Brown was a bi-sexual beauty who never married, a below a crumbling Venetian castle. rabbit hunter who penned The Runaway Bunny, and a prolific writer who Atlantis Books is an island institution and known world-wide. changed the face of modern picture books. You can crash there if you work in the store. The model is Shake- Amy Grant has a new biography of her — In the Great Green Room. speare and Co. on the Rue Dauphine in Paris. Margaret was born rich, and as typical of the times, ignored by her parents. Of course it wasn’t easily done. The number of owners Boarding schools, Hollins College, Great Neck, Maine summer expanded to four including a girl who later married one. house. Later Upper East Side of New York with her lady lover. There was layers of Greek bureaucracy, in-fighting and She wanted to be a serious author but her talent was children’s prat-falls. And of course it didn’t turn a profit. books. But she didn’t like children. Then they hit upon the idea of small postcard sized But she could write. The Runaway Bunny she composed booklet reprints of famous short stories, and Paravion while skiing and wrote it down on her ski receipt. Her normal Press was born. It was an artisanal hit with tourists. preference was a quill pen. Now everyone is 35 and wondering whither At- See — Susannah Cahalan, “Goodnight Moon author was lantis Books. a bisexual rebel who didn’t like kids,” The New York Post, See — David Kamp, “The Accidental Bookshop,” Jan. 7, 2017, n.p. Vanity Fair, Dec. 2016, p.112.

and are found and enjoyed by the as possible, while still retaining the high qual- The Value of Publishing ... readers who need them? ities that authors and their readers appreciate. from page 8 • Publishers will want to define for The essays in this collection highlight just a themselves which books will be bet- few of the values that publishing activities and this as a mark of quality. For which ter served via an OA-subsidy model, their practitioners offer to the scholarly lifecy- titles is the “art” of publishing in fact and which they prefer to develop and cle. As scholars, publishers, librarians and all a business necessity? In which cases sell. An obvious way would be to others in the scholarly communications chain might it be less important? determine which titles are the ones continue to experiment with new formats, • One possible first step is a close that will ultimately cost more than new business models, and new organizational assessment of where a press’ costs they generate. Deciding this is noto- structures, coming back to a discussion of the lie today. My colleague Kim riously difficult. (Publisher: “About value of the various activities that together Schmelzinger and I developed a half my books break even or better; constitute “publishing” may be a good way Monograph Costing Tool3 for the the other half lose money.” Critic: to avoid decisions that are made based on AAUP that permits publishers to “Why not only publish the half that spreadsheets alone. study a group of already-published sell?” Rimshot.) Scholarly books titles, by examining staff time, direct have a notoriously slow fuse. Some Endnotes costs and overheads. may take a few seasons to start to 1. Maron et al, “The Costs of Publishing • For those publishers just getting catch on, perhaps as course adoption Monographs: Toward a Transparent Meth- started and considering OA models, titles. Those that do may continue odology,” Journal of Electronic Publishing, it will be worth considering which to sell well for years. None of this Volume 19, Issue 1: Economics of Pub- may be at all obvious at the start. lishing, Summer 2016), doi: http://dx.doi. of the values of the full publishing org/10.3998/3336451.0019.103. acquisitions — development — Still, it may be necessary to define a type of book for which a quick 2. Mick Gusinde-Duffy, “Why Peer Re- production — design — promotion view is the Worst Form of Quality Control — distribution cycle are worth and efficient distribution method is and Credentialing Except All Those Other maintaining and investing in. Some valuable, and perhaps sufficient. For Forms that Have Been Tried From Time to may seem to be “sales-related” but titles a publisher sees as diamonds in Time,” Against the Grain, v.28#4, Septem- also have deep mission-based value. the rough, and sees the potential in a ber 2016, page 75. Which ones will help advance the deeper investment, they may choose 3. Maron and Schmelzinger, “Monograph ultimate aim of creating new works a different path. Costing Tool” (AAUP, 2016). http://www. of scholarship? Which will insure aaupnet.org/resources/for-members/hand- The next few years will be a fascinating books-and-toolkits/digital-monograph-cost- that those works of scholarship are of time, as publishers of all types wrestle with ing-tool highest quality, are well-produced, the tensions of sharing scholarship as broadly

10 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017

I’ll take “Sifting and Winnowing” for $1000, Alex by Dennis Lloyd (Director, University of Wisconsin Press)

ast year, I appeared as a contestant look comfortable, who convey fun. They also the argument goes, and see what happens. on Jeopardy! I came in third. Which must aim for gender and ethnic diversity. An In metaphoric terms, it would be as if the Lsounds pretty good if you ignore the invitation to travel to LA for a taping can take producers of Jeopardy! chose not to whittle the fact that the game is played with only three up to 18 months — or it may not come at all, contestant pool down, but gave us (almost) all contestants. Unless you also bear in mind in which case it’s back to square one for the 70,000 players to watch and to decide ourselves that more than 70,000 took the online test last determined contestant. who truly deserved to appear on the show. year — the first step in getting onto the show. For HSS book publishing, the area in which As ludicrous as this sounds, in certain Only about 450 new players appear on air each I’ve spent my entire career, the process is sim- fields this might actually represent the better season, which still put me in the top 0.65% — ilar, if on a smaller scale — with differences in approach to peer review. Let’s say I’m con- an unheard-of acceptance rate in the field of percentages at each cut. Hundreds of hopeful ducting research in combating MS and am scholarly publishing, where I’ve worked for authors submit proposals or inquiry letters; working with a specific protein. As I review the past two decades. many are politely declined, either because they the existing literature, I don’t want to know Also last year, I was appointed director don’t fit with the list or do not yet seem fully only the success stories; I want to know what of the University of Wisconsin Press. This formed. Those who make the next stage (the failed, how similar proteins behaved, what took place around the same time that Gov. percentages vary, depending in part upon how were the effects on other conditions. I also Scott Walker made the news for attempting one defines the initial inquiry, but 10–15% is need to know these things urgently, in order to to dismantle the Wisconsin Idea. Most fa- perhaps a safe assumption) send in completed apply them to my ongoing research; after all, mously elucidated by UW President Charles manuscripts, which are shared with peer re- actual lives may be at stake. In other words, Van Hise in 1904 when he declared he would viewers. Some of these are declined, others I need to be able to access and review a broad “never be content until the influence of the are asked to revise and resubmit, others are swath of research, unfettered by a selection university reaches every family in the state,” accepted for publication — but most make it process that — from my perspective — hides this philosophy is one of two cornerstones of through the review process eventually, thus things from me or a pay-to-read model that our academic identity. The other is a well- highlighting the key role played by acquisi- prevents me from reading the articles I can’t known quote from an 1894 Board of Regents tions editors in the initial selection process. access. report about academic freedom, which asserted In making the final decision, publishers are In a world where a few thousand dollars that Wisconsin “should ever encourage that looking not only for the best scholarship but the can be added to a grant to cover the costs of continual and fearless sifting and winnowing best addition to their list, the ones that will sell publication, this is a very appealing model. If by which alone the truth can be found.” well or burnish their reputation, or help them I were the director of a publisher in the STEM After the adrenaline (and disappointment) acquire the next project, or some combination fields, it would also help me extend the reach of from my game show performance wore off, of the above. the university throughout the state, the country, I found myself returning to this phrase again In both situations, the sifting and win- and the world, helping fulfill the Wisconsin and again. While originally written to defend nowing is a key part of the process. The Idea that almost sounds as though it could have the liberal and pro-union economics professor television show is popular in part been written as a pro-OA bullet point. Richard T. Ely against charges made by because of the quality of the con- And yet. then state education superintendent testants; if the screening process Oliver Elwin Wells, it struck me — weren’t as severe, perhaps the Does this model translate to the human- and continues to strike me — as show wouldn’t have lasted 33 ities or nonquantifiable social sciences? I’m an excellent summation of the seasons (and counting). In not convinced. As Karin Wulf eloquently selection process for book or addition, stories abound of reminded us in a Scholarly Kitchen post last journal publication, which aspiring players who take the year, “humanities scholarship is not a report- includes peer review as well test for years and are invited ing of research results, but evidence-based as the role of the acquisitions to multiple auditions before argument developed through narrative and editor (for books) or the finally receiving the coveted analysis.” If, say, I’m a musicologist ex- volume editor (for journals “call,” not because they in- amining the development of the chorus in or essay collections). Fur- creased their raw knowledge eighteenth-century opera, I need to focus on ther, I began to see ways but because they improved archival documents and pay attention to the in which the review pro- their on-camera performance. most well-crafted interpretations of similar cess by which Jeopardy! Likewise, every university press ac- materials in other research projects. I don’t contestants are chosen might quisitions editor has a favorite project need — nor do I want — to review every scrap serve as a metaphor for how we determine what that went through multiple rounds of readings written to offer one explanation or another. I (and who) gets published. only to emerge as a stronger project than benefit when someone else rigorously vets The first step in appearing on “America’s anyone could have initially imagined. Built similar work, focusing on quality of writing, favorite quiz show” is to take a fifty-question into the peer review process is the assumption depth of contribution to my field, and clever- online test, which is offered once a year. To that constructive, objective criticism helps the ness of argument. To return to my governing get to the next stage one has to have both author focus their argument. In many ways, metaphor: I want to watch the smallest sample knowledge (demonstrated by answering a high it’s no wonder that administrators and others possible compete on the game show. In short, percentage of questions accurately) and luck who help make tenure and promotion decisions curation deeply matters to me. (typically more people meet the first criteria have depended upon publishers’ rigorous se- In addition, within the STEM fields, a freely than there are audition slots available). The lection criteria to help ensure scholarly merit available article describing one’s research 2,500–3,500 people invited to an in-person and quality. doesn’t prohibit one (or one’s university) from audition must take another fifty-question test It is this entrenched system that some monetizing and patenting the results of that and be videotaped playing a sample game and proponents of Open Access seem to want to research. That is not the case in HSS fields. answering questions about themselves. The blow up. Particularly in the STEM fields, To quote Karin Wulf again, from a different producers are looking not only for individuals megajournals such as PLOS One have Scholarly Kitchen post, “for creative writers who can play the game well, they’re looking successfully pioneered the concept of post- and humanists ... narrative structure and ar- for people who make good TV, who smile, who publication peer review. Put the work out there, continued on page 16

12 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Building a List by Richard Carlin (Executive Editor, OUP)

ne of an editor’s most important jobs — the list contacts in areas that have not been This brings up another common misunder- and one that is perhaps the least easy to previously explored but that the publisher feels standing among potential authors: many feel Odescribe — is to “build” a list of titles should be a part of its list. that the “bigger” the publisher, the better the that will form a coherent publishing program. Defining the parameters of a list usually job they will do selling a book. My experience This goes well beyond evaluating proposals on involves a combination of editorial and mar- as an author is almost the exact opposite, or at an individual basis to having an overall vision keting considerations. A publisher that has a least I’ve found that publisher size does not of where you as an editor want to take the list. long tradition in publishing books on jazz or correlate to success. A one-man operation that It also means that the editor doesn’t merely sit molecular physics or animal behavior is more really knows how to sell to, let’s say, specialists at his/her desk waiting for proposals to arrive; apt to continue publishing in those areas to in dance notation or nuclear physics, might instead, he or she actively solicits titles that build on its reputation. Plus, it makes market- do a far better job than a larger university or will fit into the publishing program. ing’s job easier because a number of titles can commercial press that has no experience in Editors rarely get the opportunity to build be promoted to the same readership. Potential these areas. For example, Simon & Schuster a list from scratch, although occasionally a authors — seeing that a publisher has a strong published a book on the early country music publisher will determine that it needs to expand reputation in their field — are more likely to group The Carter Family, and it was quickly into a new area where it has never be attracted to working with that remaindered after selling far fewer copies than been before. In most cas- publisher rather than an- the commercial press hoped; whereas the es, however, an editor other that doesn’t have University of Illinois press has had decades is hired to carry on a as long a tradition in of success publishing titles in their “Music vision that was estab- the area. The argument in American Life” series, with some titles lished by sometimes that a publisher with a remaining in print for years. several generations of smaller list might make In building a list, an editor has to consider previous editors. Over to a potential author is several factors. Of course, trends in academic time, of course, the vi- that their book might study are important to follow. Queer Studies sion changes as the market matures as well as get more attention from them; my experience, has been a growing area of interest since the new topics are addressed in the field; so there however, as an author and editor, is that if a 1970s, but it took most publishers a while to is usually a mix of continuity and change that publisher doesn’t have experience selling to a catch on and begin publishing in this area. And occurs in any list. And a new editor may be particular market or readership, they are less ideas about and approaches to Queer Studies hired specifically because he or she brings to likely to be successful in promoting a new title. continued on page 14

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 13 Records, ran his label very much in this way; I have yet to address either ebooks or open Building a List he released about 80 recordings each year, and access materials, as each represents new chal- from page 13 each was given the same amount of attention lenges to the industry. Etexts are really just (or lack thereof) by Asch and his small staff. another “format,” like print or recorded books. have changed over time, so that those publish- The idea was to make these recordings — many The content still has to be developed and the ing in this area have had to adjust their lists ac- of which were from areas of the world rarely list carefully built; the delivery is all that is cordingly. Often, a large area will open — such heard on other labels — available to what was different. And although many think etexts are as Popular Music or Visual Culture — and then at least at first a very small audience (typically, cheaper to produce, the real “cost” of a book publishers will identify smaller subsections in Asch would press as few as 200 copies of a is not in the paper and printing; it is in the which to specialize. So, for example, MIT new record). Always a shoestring operation, process of its development and authoring. The Press takes a rather technical approach to its Asch had to keep his costs to a minimum to problem for the academic press and editor is books on art and visual culture, whereas a press survive. And his motivation was never to make that the savings in cost (if any) from producing like Routledge takes a more social-cultural a large profit; he was on a mission to preserve etexts is more than offset by the loss in revenue one. Some presses become known for their the entire sound world, and profitability was from the price that is acceptable to buyers to particular approach; one joke I made when secondary to that goal. His operation was pay. Most expect etexts to cost half or more I was working at Routledge was that every “editorially” or content driven, as opposed to the cost of a print book. Cutting revenues in proposal had to “problematize” something bottom-line oriented. half would mean that many lists would be before we would consider publishing it. Note Nonetheless, most publishers — whether impossible to maintain. that some commercial and university academic While open access is a laudable goal — why presses play a role themselves in building dis- commercially owned or university operated — have to keep an eye on profitability. Edi- shouldn’t all knowledge be free? — it begs ciplines; thus many academics will recognize the question of what “free” really means. If that a field is growing or changing by reviewing tors — who often have very little training in mathematics, let alone business accounting by free you mean that no creator or producer the latest publications from a major university should be paid anything for their work, then press. Although many academics may not — are required to create plans, including sales and revenue projections, to justify their list’s obviously the model is not sustainable. Nor recognize this, an editor with deep knowledge can a list be built if no one is paid to build it; of a field, in building his or her list, is actually direction. These spreadsheets get distributed to various managers at a press, who will massage the investment of time, energy, and intelligence contributing to the field’s survival, growth, has to be recompensed. Maybe what “open and change. the numbers in order to be able to show to their bosses that they are generating sufficient access” means is that someone else — besides Financial considerations play a different revenue to keep the press in the black. Ideally, the reader/consumer — pays for it; entities like role in publishing houses depending on their they would like to show not only profitability the government (through grants), businesses, or size and mission. A one-man (or small) press in one year, but a projection of growth over a even presses themselves (presuming they can that is guided by an interest in spreading knowl- period of years. It’s all very well to say you raise the capital to do so) could provide enough edge in a specific area — such as how to play believe in publishing more titles in a specific money to support publishing operations. But the recorder or the history of baseball — will area, but if it’s not sustainable to do so your of course this would skew publishing towards tend to give more weight to the importance list won’t survive. the more “valued” subjects (such as the STEM of the work to the field than to whether its or so-called professional disciplines), which — financially going to be successful. Of course, The advantage of editorially focusing a list because practitioners in these areas tend to do if they publish enough titles that don’t cover is that you can develop a team of authors. It best in our economy — are the least in need their costs they will soon go out of business; takes a lot of time to identify authors who are of “free” materials. And of course most uni- but every editor and publishing house will try to good writers, can meet deadlines (or at least versities—as we have noted — are no longer balance these two needs, the quality and impor- come close), and share your vision. I always supporting their presses financially but rather tance of the work versus the cost of producing it view the editor-author relationship as ideally expect the presses to carry their own weight if and its potential sales. University presses used being a collaboration; I will sometimes suggest not throw off a profit. to be more apt to publish “important” works to topics to my better authors, knowing of their in- terests, and hoping that they will share my view In the end, there is no way to have quality serve their communities and many still have a in a publishing house without investing in the “mission statement” that explicitly addresses that there’s a need for a new book in that area. I rarely publish a manuscript as it’s received. people — the authors, editors, marketers, and the need to publish works that may have a lim- yes sales people — who ultimately make a list ited audience, no matter what the financial im- Most authors benefit from editorial guidance, going well beyond just correcting grammar and successful. Building a list is something that plication. However, in these bottom-line days takes time and vision; it involves balancing when most universities look to their presses to usage to helping them shape the flow of the ma- terial, knowing how much detail is needed (and personal enthusiasm, knowledge of the field, at least break even — and hopefully generate a and sensitivity to the need to be able to sus- consistent and growing profit — there’s more when there’s simply too much for the reader to absorb), to issues of interpretation and analysis. tain a list financially so that it can continue to emphasis on sales potential or at least carefully grow. No one gets rich in this process, or at controlling costs. This is one reason that many Some authors thrive in this kind of relationship; others bristle at the idea of giving up some least no one I know; for most, it is the pride presses have turned to using standard designs in creating works that offer something new for the covers and interiors of their titles, along control over their work. On the other hand, if an author is known for a particular approach, and important in the field in a text that can be with cutting back on marketing costs and other understood by the widest possible audience expenses. the editor is best advised to step back and let them follow their own muse. Knowing when that is the foremost concern. The success of Some lists are based simply on the idea of academic publishing depends on every part of volume; this is particularly true of those focus- to intervene and when to step aside is key to a sensitive editor’s success. I once published a the community — beginning with scholars and ing on scholarly monographs. Because each authors and including editors, marketers, sales individual monograph is likely to only generate book by a well-known Cambridge University professor and I didn’t touch a word; but this people, and publishers — supporting the work. a small amount of revenue, the idea is that in This again is both a financial and an intellectual publishing a greater number — sometimes as was an anomaly for me, although I’m sure other editors could tell similar stories. challenge, but I believe that — acknowledging many as 60 or more books in one area in a year our common goals — we can work together to — the overall revenue stream will increase. Of Once you’ve built a list in an area and have maintain and grow special interest publishing course, this also means that less attention can come to have your pool of authors, the momen- for the next generation of readers. be paid to each individual volume, from every- tum is such that you should ideally become the one from the editor to the marketer and sales “first choice” for anyone writing in that area. folks. The overall costs of producing the book Your happy authors will recommend other have to be kept to an absolute minimum. Mo- colleagues who are working on interesting ses Asch, the pioneering founder of Folkways projects; and so your family of writers grows.

14 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 • Over 750 reviews now The Charleston available • Web edition and database provided with ADVISOR all subscriptions Critical Reviews of Web Products for Information Professionals • Unlimited IP filtered or name/password access • Full backfile included comparative“The Charleston Advisor reviews...reports serves up timely editorials and columns, from • Comparative reviews of standalone and comparative reviews, and press releases, among the field...interviews with industry aggregators featured other features. Produced by folks with impeccable library and players...opinion editorials... • Leading opinions in publishing credentials ...[t]his is a title you should consider...” every issue comparative— Magazines reviews...reports for Libraries, eleventh edition, edited from by the field...interviewsCheryl LaGuardia with consulting with editors Billindustry Katz and $295.00 for libraries Linda Sternberg Katz (Bowker, 2002). players...opinion editorials... $495.00 for all others

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Lucid Prose, Good Timing, Happy Authors: Steps Toward Successful Editorial Production by Jenya Weinreb (Managing Editor, Yale University Press)

t university presses, the “editorial” sure that authors have communicated what they correctness, both in the service of clarity: if part of an Editorial, Design, and Pro- wish to say and have not been unintentionally there are no inexplicable variations in names, Aduction (EDP) group is often known misleading or funny or ambiguous. Having terms, dates, citations, or other elements to mar as manuscript editorial, to distinguish it from someone scrutinize the manuscript, line by line, the reader’s experience and if the grammar acquisitions editorial. If the acquisitions editor and query confusing reasoning adheres to standards for formal writing, then can be considered the architect of the publish- or unclear word choice can be the reader is more likely to trust the author’s ing process, the press’ in-house production invaluable. One grateful author words and expertise. editor (or “project manager” or “manuscript devoted half his acknowledg- The copyedited man- editor”) is the general contractor, supervis- ments section to his copyed- uscript is shared with the ing freelance copyeditors, proofreaders, and itor (the other half went to author, who reviews the indexers and working closely with the author peer reviewers): “I thank ... suggestions and answers through the various stages of book production. Robin DuBlanc for perfect- queries. The final decision The production editor may also copyedit or ly superb editing and the about wording is always proofread — although that work is more often ability to detect incoher- the author’s, but most find outsourced — and must have an eye for detail ence.”1 It’s not even that that copyediting makes while implementing the big picture of the proj- Robin fixed incoherence; their books better. They ect’s production schedule and publishing plan. it’s that she pointed it out so acknowledge copyeditors Copyediting can be a scary prospect for au- the author could address it. whose “keen attention to thors, who envision their pristine files redlined Copyeditors and produc- detail was remarkable” and into oblivion and marred by picky notes about tion editors are not tasked with whose “careful corrections and split infinitives. But a professional copyeditor fact checking (that’s the responsibility of the smart suggestions were invaluable.” One is a manuscript’s “home improvement expert,” authors, aided by peer reviewers), but they commented, “Where the sentences flow, and who smoothes out blemishes and brings out the are alert and informed readers. A reference to logic follows, you will experience [my editor’s] book’s best features. Copyediting, at its best, “National Security Adviser George McBundy” mark on the book.”2 achieves three goals: clarity, consistency, and prompts them to look up the name and insert a After the author returns the reviewed man- grammatical correctness. The most important correction: it’s McGeorge Bundy. And copy- uscript, the files are “cleaned up” — tracked is clarity. The purpose of copyediting is to en- editors do impose consistency and grammatical continued on page 16

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 15 technical glitches involving fonts (especially if All this checking — of the text, the illus- Lucid Prose, Good Timing ... the book contains non-Latin alphabets or other trations, the jacket, the laid-out pages, and from page 15 special characters), unanticipated issues with so on — takes a lot of time, and therefore layout, and inconsistencies among elements money. Our authors relish the attention to changes are accepted and any loose ends re- that need to match. detail and feel that the time is well spent, but solved. The production editor checks to make Production editors are trained to be on the we wonder how the process could be stream- sure all the various elements of the manuscript lookout for such problems. The production lined. One way would be to produce fewer match each other. Do the note numbers in editor reviews the author’s changes carefully, formats. If a book were neither printed nor the text agree with the note numbers in the collates them with the proofreader’s, reviews made available as a “fixed-format” (pdf) file, endnotes? Does the table of contents match and edits the index, and ensures that every there would be no need for page proofs as we the chapter titles? Do the captions refer to necessary change is correctly implemented. know them. We could go from copyedited, the correct illustrations? If a figure, table, or The production editor also reviews jacket cleaned-up manuscript to a reflowable-format quotation is taken from another source, does copy and blurbs, and proofs and reproofs eBook. Conversely, if a book were available the author have permission, and is appropriate the designed jacket. In the process of all only in print, we could eliminate the steps of credit given? this review, the production editor may detect eBook conversion and quality control. It’s In addition, the files are readied for typeset- errors that no one else has found. In one set more likely, though, that multiple formats will ting. Every element of the manuscript — the of page proofs, a figure caption read, in part, continue to be useful and requested, so perhaps basic text, chapter titles, epigraphs, subheads, “Three graphs with progressively decreasing it’s the software that will evolve, to allow for block quotations, lists, endnotes, illustration density, from left to right.” But the production smoother conversion between the various fixed captions, and so on — must be identified and editor noticed that the three graphs were not and reflowable book formats. There will still be tagged. The book’s designer provides “spec- placed side by side but were stacked from a need for skilled production editors to ensure ifications” for each element so the typesetter top to bottom, and the highest-density figure that changes appropriate to each format are can make it look the desired way. was in the middle, not on top. She alerted properly implemented. The typesetter formats the manuscript, the authors, who reworded the caption and In this future scenario, as in our current creating “page proofs,” or “first pages,” which reordered the graphs. landscape, the three components of the ideal show the design and pagination of the print Every editor can tell a story about a mistake editorial process will be quality, timing, and edition, with illustrations and tables in place. (usually a misspelled proper name, like Georg author relations. A high standard of quality Now that the page numbers are set, the index Lukács spelled “Lukàcs” or Bill McKibben means copyediting that, above all, does not can be assembled. At the same time the author, spelled “McKibbin”) missed by author, co- compromise the author’s intent or style but and sometimes a professional proofreader as pyeditor, and proofreader but found by the improves the book’s clarity, consistency, and well, can read the entire book and mark errors production editor right before the book went correctness; and it means project management that need fixing. This is the last chance to to press. At the end of the revision process, the that involves catching mistakes and not insert- correct facts, dates, and names. For example, book may not be perfect, but it will be as close ing new errors at any stage. Quality standards in a book of biblical studies, Esau’s father was as professional eyes can make it. must be met while adhering to a schedule that identified as Jacob rather than Isaac; the proof- As the book is readied for printing, the accords with the project’s publishing needs. Is reader caught the error and queried the author. eBook files are also prepared, in ways that vary the author doing fieldwork in Ghana without The proofreader may also flag inconsistencies somewhat among university presses. Usually an Internet connection for three months? The missed in the copyediting stage: “In the text it the process is largely automated, but the files production editor will find a way to get the reads ‘wife,’ but she was described as his mis- for the eBook formats — Kindle, iBook, book done in time for the right academic con- tress in note 11.” Although such mistakes can universal pdf — may need to be checked by a ference, while attending to twenty or so other be fixed, the layout is now final and indexing is human to fix conversion glitches. For example, projects, each with its own constraints. Main- under way, so any additions to the proofs have Yale University Press uses an eBook vendor taining quality and keeping to a schedule are to be compensated for by deletions of the same whose conversion process automatically inserts impossible, however, without the cooperation length, just as deletions have to be compensated links to other chapters in the book: if an author of the author, which is why developing the best for by additions. writes “See chapter 2,” the reader can click possible relations with authors is paramount. The main reason to read page proofs is not that link in the eBook and go right to the new Establishing trust and good communication to catch previously overlooked errors but to chapter. But with at least one book in the field requires care, tact, judgment, and sensitivity. identify any new errors that occurred during of biblical criticism, most of the references to Working closely with authors to negotiate typesetting. In our computer age, the text isn’t “chapter” were actually to the Bible, not to the schedules, revisions in proof, design issues, retyped, so typos don’t usually creep in as they eBook in hand. The links needed to be found and every aspect of the book’s production may used to in the days of hot metal, but there can be and removed. take as much time and skill as copyediting or proofreading. If upon a book’s publication the authors feel, as one told her production editor, that they have partnered with a “team of intrep- id editors, whose work makes us look better than we are,” then our goal is achieved. as revolutionary as Open Access has been, it I’ll take “Sifting and Winnowing” ... won’t completely supplant other means of from page 12 dissemination. As we move forward, exploring new models, I remain convinced that the sifting Endnotes gument are the research product” (emphasis and winnowing—what others have called the 1. Jerome Kagan, On Being Human (New added). Adopting a one-size-fits-all approach “gatekeeping” role of academic publishers — Haven: Yale University Press, 2016), p. xiv. to “scholarly articles,” as an increasing number remains central. Yes, perhaps this will cause 2. Zara Anishanslin, Portrait of a Woman of universities are doing in establishing OA a given manuscript to be delayed in reaching in Silk: Hidden Histories of the British At- policies, seems problematic to me. its audience. But the urgency of speed of lantic World (New Haven: Yale University publication is different for articles on Zika Press, 2016), pp. 408–9; Alon Tal, The Land The impacts of technological developments Is Full: Addressing Overpopulation in Israel on scholarly publishing have been enormous research compared to an analysis of Chaucer’s (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016), (one need only compare a mail room today description of the astrolabe. Besides, not p. xxiii; Max Page, Why Preservation with one from thirty years ago for a striking, everyone appears on Jeopardy! the first time Matters (New Haven: Yale University Press, pragmatic example). And every library and they try out. I didn’t. 2016), pp. x–xi. publisher I speak with now acknowledges that,

16 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Dust Jackets to Dust? by John Sherer (Director, University of North Carolina Press)

he first LP I ever bought was Queen’s steady decline in university support combined an image. Some News of the World. I remember flipping with sustained reductions in library collection requests are in through a bin of records and coming development budgets have squeezed most print the thousands of T dollars, but most across that absurdly illustrated, gate-folded runs into a number somewhere between a speed album. I had no idea what to expect from it limit and a batting average. And there’s no in- publishers try to musically, but the cover compelled me to buy dication that there will be an upward inflection limit them to the hun- it. I literally discovered the music of Queen point on this asymptotic decline. dreds of dollars. But these costs are only the because of the cover art. Three decades later, But even facing these economic headwinds, tip of the iceberg. The real costs for a publisher my daughter discovered Queen through a we are actually doing a much better job now aren’t the manufacturing or permissions — it’s Spotify playlist. of meeting our mission and goals. We’re the internal time spent creating the cover design The dust cover of a book is a sacred con- bringing high quality scholarship to our largest in the first place. cept where I work at the University of North audiences ever. The formats are easily discov- The process frequently looks like this: Carolina Press. The halls still echo with the ered, shared, and reused. And it is all because • A solicitation is sent to the author memory and works of the legendary book de- of our ability to make our titles available in asking whether they have an image signer Rich Hendel. Our Press library is a ca- digital formats. or concept in mind. thedral, celebrating the art of the printed book. The merits of digital formats are well • The concept is usually discussed at a Each volume can be pulled from the shelf and known and obvious — lower incremental seasonal launch meeting attended by handled, and the designed cover is the first production costs and more easily preserved a significant percentage of the mar- step in a careful revealing of the contents and formats. But we’re also on the cusp of a keting, editorial, and design staffs. audiences the author and Press worked hard heightened utility for our books. A generation • An internal team (usually represent- to capture. Scanning the densely line shelves, ago, scholars perhaps read reviews of them, or ing both marketing and editorial) re- it’s hard to visualize a better representation of saw them at a conference, or discovered them views the launch and author’s ideas nearly ten decades of publishing. in a visit to the library stacks. But the book and forwards them with a charge to But for some university press books, we was still something the scholar sought out on the design department. should have an honest conversation about the its own after they made a deliberate decision • A good designer spends some time costs and benefits of continuing to design and to use books in their research. As we build with the manuscript to make sure print covers. tools to code our manuscripts and link their they have a sense for the author’s Our most scholarly books — the ones we texts to larger bodies of digitized humanities voice and intended audience. They exist to publish — are simply no longer being scholarship, our books can now potentially be review the book’s art program for discovered the way they were a generation ago. surfaced any time a scholar anywhere is doing ideas and frequently do more image People frequently refer to the 60s and 70s as computer-based research. and permissions research. the glory days for university press publishing, This is because more and more scholars • Then they begin creating completely and from an economic perspective, that is al- 1 are beginning their research digitally. They original designs from scratch. Usu- most certainly true. There was a reliable and still want print when it comes time to engage ally rough designs are bounced off recurring standing order program from libraries deeply, but by the time they’re ready for print, other members of the department for well-published humanities monographs. they’ve already decided they’re going to ob- or a design director, who suggests Scholars descended on publishers’ exhibits at tain the book. Which means the design of the further improvements. academic conferences to browse and purchase cover almost certainly wasn’t a factor in their our new releases and classic backlist titles. They • The cover is then ready to be circu- decision to read the book. Gone are the days lated internally within the publishing would frequently leave the exhibit hall with of satchels of purchases at conferences. Gone bags full of discounted books as they built their house. Acquisitions, copyediting, are the serendipitous discoveries in the library sales, publicity, and the director will collections. Professors assigned stacks of our stacks. Gone are the moments of browsing a books as secondary reading for their students all be asked to review, comment on, bookstore’s shelves. In all those searches, an and approve a design. who bought and then held on to them as the intelligent and carefully planned cover with a beginnings of their own libraries. It’s easy to compelling design and marketing text could • Then the design is shared with the see why publishers would miss those salad days. make the difference in whether the book might author whose feedback is incorpo- But truth is that from a dissemination and get read or not. Now we are all starting our rated. preservation perspective, that era had major searches on our keyboards. Our “browsing” • Finally, a full printer-ready pdf of flaws. While we were printing up to a thousand is done via a digital platform. We are learning the full mechanical is prepared and copies of these volumes, our dissemination about new books through social sharing on circulated (again) internally for ap- strategy was limited to placing them into the web. Which means a scholarly publisher proval. the most elite institutions on the planet. Our with finite resources (is there any other kind?) In the best-case scenario, this is all a linear marketing campaigns were targeting a highly should be investing more in SEO (search en- process. But when you consider that there privileged clientele. For all but the most gine optimization) and robust metadata, and are thousands of new monographs published exceptional titles, the library purchases were less on a striking design. every year, it’s not hard to imagine that there most likely one day to be de-accessioned and The ever-present challenge of limited re- are hundreds of times where this process is ultimately placed in a black garbage sack out sources triggers the question of how much it derailed and steps are revisited. back next to the dumpster bin. When the print costs to put a cover on a book. The physical The Ithaka study on the costs of mono- run ran out in our warehouse, frequently the manufacturing cost is easiest to express. For graphs2 creates a methodology to help us cal- books went out of print. We have an employee a standard hardcover book, printing and wrap- culate these costs. The process I’ve described at the Press today who spends most of her time ping a cover usually costs at least $1 per copy. above probably involves between 20-30 hours “republishing” those books we supposedly It’s less for a paperback, although the differ- of staff time for a standard book. It’s more for published so well. ence between a four-color cover and a duo- ones where the process is less linear and more The ensuing decades have not been particu- tone one still runs in the hundreds of dollars. recursive. But for a standard book, if you use larly kind to university presses. A gradual but There’s frequently a cost for permissions for continued on page 18

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 17 Dust Jackets to Dust? Making Connections, Building from page 17 a very rough calculator of $50/hour (recalling Community that many freelance designers charge at $100/ hour) the staff time probably costs between by Kathryn Conrad (Director, University of Arizona Press) $1,000-$1,500 per book. Tack on the permis- sions ($300 on a good day) and printing and wrapping costs for a 400 copy print run, and n 2010, the University of Arizona Press those metrics don’t measure the full impact of we’ve now racked up $1,700-$2,200 in costs published La Calle: Spatial Conflicts and a book. Making scholarship available and dis- per title. We tell ourselves that the designed IUrban Renewal in a Southwestern City by coverable is not the same as making it known cover is meant to increase sales, but by this Lydia Otero. The book, which was widely and putting it into people’s hands. Most of the math, it adds up to $5 to the price of each and well-reviewed, is an important contribution attendees at our book launch for La Calle were copy we sell. to the history of urban renewal in the United not scholars, but they are people for whom A mid-sized university press might publish States and to our understanding of structures scholarship matters. nearly 100 books a year so the dollars add up of power, racism, resistance, and historical La Calle took root in our community. quickly. The prevailing economic trends are memory. In particular, this book speaks to the Beginning with that book launch, it became a forcing publishers to look at every dollar they history of the place where we live. It details book that was talked about and referred to not spend. When you combine this with the grow- the history of the urban renewal projects that just in academic circles, but among Tucson ing realization that discoverability is more about razed eighty acres of land in downtown Tucson, locals and newcomers alike. It became a touch- digital tools and less about individuals handling land that was deemed blighted by the growth point in dialogue around new urban renewal the physical volume, it challenges the conven- lobby but which was a vibrant community to efforts to succeed those of decades past that tional wisdom of how we allocate resources. Mexican American families who lived there, in were widely deemed as failures. Six years after the most densely populated space in the state Many of us are now dramatically increas- publication, it inspired a community collabora- of Arizona. This history was one of the first ing the digital discoverability of our books by tion called the Barrio Stories Project. Working things I learned about my new community upon creating chapter level abstracts and indexes. with ethnographers from the University of moving to Tucson in the mid-1990s. Though We’re at the first days of encoding texts with Arizona’s Bureau for Applied Research, nine three decades in the past, the destruction of the electronic tagging allowing them to be im- youth-scholars conducted interviews with for- space that represented the beating heart of Tuc- mersed and scanned within large bodies of mer residents of the demolished neighborhood, son’s Mexican American community remained humanities scholarship. These activities are which became a script at the an open wound for many in our time consuming and expensive for a publisher, hands of three award-winning diverse community. but they will ultimately allow our books to be playwrights working with Dr. found and used much more effectively. The La Calle is a scholarly Otero as historical consultant. challenge is that we have to find a way to pay monograph — a book writ- In March of 2016, the Bor- for these costs. ten by a scholar to expand derlands Theater produced the scholarly record — but The designed book cover has always been a theatrical event in which Otero’s research has special about discoverability, and for many books audience members gathered on meaning for our own com- we publish it will remain a key feature. A the outdoor plaza of the Tucson munity. As is our custom well-designed cover distinctly signals to the Convention Center, the site of for books with special sig- reader an indication of what it is they’re hold- La Calle, to be led through the nificance to a particular community, especially ing in their hand as well as the investment the actual spaces where this history occurred as our own, our marketing department planned publisher is making in the work. But for our actors brought communal memories to life. a book launch. Such public events create most scholarly books, where the economic This unique form of public history and civic opportunities for media attention as well as pressure is overwhelming and where the dialogue will be long remembered and the unique sales opportunities. They may be held discoverability patterns are rapidly shifting students’ oral histories are preserved online at at bookstores, libraries, museums, or other to digital, the dust cover is one of the most BarrioStories.org. venues. They build awareness of a new book, visible relics of an obsolete system — but it is Marketing books is part of our mission. Be- generate sales, and honor the culmination of by no means the only one. There are also the yond promoting sales, our brand of marketing, the author’s work. costs of designing interior pages; the costs of especially visible in stories such as the launch storage, supply-chain management, and obso- And so, on a warm fall day in 2010, we cele- of La Calle, extends scholarship in ways that lescence; QA associated with manufacturing; brated the publication of La Calle at a Mexican are both subtle and profound. When we help and the significant overhead needed at a press restaurant in Barrio Hollywood, not far from scholars share their work with indigenous to manage cost recovery. the Tucson Convention Center and the al- communities with which they collaborate, we ready-failing office complex calledLa Placita Presses need to accept the growing truth are aiding the work of decolonization. When Village that was built where La Calle once was that for a growing percentage of our high-end we secure interviews for academic authors, home to 1,000 residents. More than 100 people scholarly output, the traditional tools of mar- feature stories for their books, and spots on gathered at the celebration, many from families ket-based cost-recovery are becoming more panels at major book festivals, we are expand- who had been displaced by Tucson’s efforts at and more nonsensical and indefensible. Once ing the reach and impact of their work. We are urban renewal. Attendees scanned the book’s we begin shifting our resources to reflect this connecting the academy to the community. index for names of their friends and family reality, the result could be a new golden era As our mission statement says, “We advance members who had been interviewed as part of of unprecedented output, dissemination, and the University of Arizona’s mission by con- Otero’s research. Speakers highlighted the access. necting scholarship and creative expression to significance of the book. Food and memories readers worldwide.” University presses serve were shared. In this festive atmosphere, the a unique role in translating the work of the community gave a collective “thank you” to academy to the world at large. Scholarship Endnotes the author for documenting their story. is for everyone and universities, especially 1. http://www.sr.ithaka.org/publications/ Occasions such as these are some of our land grant universities like the University of ithaka-sr-us-faculty-survey-2015/ proudest moments as university press pub- Arizona, are for the people. 2. http://www.sr.ithaka.org/publications/ lishers. While book sales and awards are As scholarship moves to a digital envi- the-costs-of-publishing-monographs/ signs of success for a publisher and citations ronment, this very human kind of marketing and reviews are signs of success for an author, continued on page 22 18 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 The world’s largest collection of optics and photonics applied research More than 450,000 interdisciplinary academic & research papers from around the world.

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Powered by photonics Small But Mighty: How University Presses Bring Academic Ideas to the World by Jessica Lawrence-Hurt (International & Institutional Sales & Marketing Manager, The MIT Press)

ne of the unspoken assumptions of open tal materials for texts, and chapter reorgani- ing every book find its audience, and this access advocates seems to be that the zation. Often our feedback is related to ways includes some pretty small audiences. We are Ocrowd-sourcing magic of the Internet to make the overall package more appealing: also seeing more interdisciplinary work being obviates the need for the core curation and mar- we make suggestions for endorsers and preface published that has multiple audiences that don’t keting functions of publishing; in other words, writers, title changes (often!), offer ideas for always talk to each other. “post it and community response will take the jacket and even interior design, such as, this Finding and connecting these readers is a place of peer review, and indexing and search has gift potential, let’s make it a different trim big part of what we do. Because we have a long will make the content discoverable.” Nothing size to capitalize on that. term, global relationship with sales reps, book- could be further from the truth. In fact, the University presses also are responsible store buyers, library suppliers, and professors, value of curation and marketing — for authors for maintaining and burnishing the values we can gather and synthesize information that and readers alike — remains high, regardless of and standards of the university whose name will guide authors and editors in meeting their the ultimate business or dissemination model we share, which gives us an even greater re- readers’ needs. We also use this information for a published work. sponsibility to advocate for the reader. These to troubleshoot problems before they arise, Sales and marketing at a large university readers come from all over the globe and bring anticipating demand and getting books where press are similar in many ways to operations with them expectations for high quality, careful they are needed at the right time. Recently, at any press: we dedicate staff and budgets research, and thoughtful ideas. Preserving this we had a book on a subject that all of a sudden to publicity, advertising, direct mail, exhib- trust is no small part of my and my colleague’s started popping up in news outlets around the its, social media, digital marketing, account task. As has been observed before, living in world. The release date was a month away, but management, and distribution; but as a not- a world where anyone can publish virtually we were able to move quickly to release early, for-profit, we do so with a focus on mission, anything anywhere, thus removing the barriers airmail some stock to the UK warehouse (not a close relationship with our audiences, and to publication, means we’re all drowning in something we like to do on a regular basis!), of course, far fewer resources than com- information. Scholars, students, and curious and take advantage of the percolating publicity. mercial presses. I’ve come to believe one people seek out university press books because Unfortunately, despite laying the groundwork, of the key things we do that doesn’t show we deliver something of unique timeliness and we still do spend quite a bit of time in reaction up in anyone’s job description, but without exceptional quality. mode, responding to market changes. There’s which we wouldn’t be in business very long, Once we’ve done as much advocating for no silver bullet for this, and be wary of anyone is our advocacy for the reader. Sales and the reader as is necessary, we start laying the who tells you there is. marketing staff excel at this by asking (a lot groundwork for the new release. Marketing So what does “best in class” for effectively of) questions, both internally and externally: does much of the legwork on this through distributing books look like? Depending on Why should we publish this? Who will read writing catalog and web copy, sending ad- who you talk to, you’ll get different answers, it? What could be changed to make it more vance copies for review, creating promotional and it’s difficult to quantify. But I would start useful for the reader? Do we have the right materials for exhibits, and offering faculty with: Best in class means no international marketing and distribution mix to reach this pre-publication exam copies for textbooks. barriers to sourcing a book, and no warehouse audience? Do we really know who this audi- Sales also lays the groundwork for key titles glitches where the publicity is flowing in ence is? Really understanding the answer to with our buyers and sales reps, often a season but Amazon is telling buyers not to expect this last question is especially important for in advance, to get them excited about what’s stock for 6-8 weeks. When our authors can sales managers, since we in turn have to pitch around the corner. For example, I will share sleep easy at night, knowing their book will external sales representatives and account particularly glowing endorsements and in- be available in stacks for their signing event buyers where we are competing with many troduce a forthcoming series or series editor. the next day. Where a new book is eagerly other books and publishers, so we need to be One recent title had generated exceptional anticipated because the groundwork has been able to clearly explain how this book differs backorders even before the catalog released, appropriately laid. from every other book out there. Asking which I conveyed to major accounts that hadn’t The value in matching readers with books is these questions often results in the kind of yet ordered. obvious to authors, publishers, librarians, and collaboration across editorial and sales/mar- booksellers alike. Recent improvements in keting that provides university press authors The sales function in book publishing is not quite as glamorous as you might have heard. our global distribution partners means we can with a wealth of developmental information, reach faculty and students in Southeast Asia a clear and strategic marketing plan, and the I spend a large portion of my time staring at Excel spreadsheets, and an even larger portion with the finest introduction to algorithms at a sense of a unified effort behind the author price they can actually afford to adopt. That and her book. managing distribution channels. Distribution is one of those areas that isn’t particularly English-language readers in Brazil can find For example, at The MIT Press, sales sexy, but is truly where we bring value to a recent trade title on neuroscience, despite managers have the opportunity to weigh in our authors and readers. This is the nuts massive reductions in government spending on every title before we contract it, and and bolts of getting a book — whether and fewer than ten academic bookstores in the again once the manuscript has been physical or digital — into the hands of entire country that import books. turned over. Getting an early look at the reader. What stores, wholesalers, Of course expanding access only to print forthcoming lists allows us to help digital retailers will stock this book? books is not the goal: digital distribution has shape the development of the book How will they get there? Which been invaluable to getting books to people and the release plan. In recent shipping method? What discount who wouldn’t ordinarily have access to them, meetings, sales managers have will they receive? What are either because their local store didn’t carry it, helped influence new works the credit terms? When can or (more likely) they didn’t even have access by asking for things like they return ones that don’t to a local store and shipping rates were too additional content, an sell? We don’t publish exorbitant. At this point, ebook sales are still abbreviation of some everything — but we small for university presses, but the ability to chapters, supplemen- do specialize in help- continued on page 21

20 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Small But Mighty ... Adding Media, Adding Value from page 20 by Susan Doerr (Assistant Director, Digital Publishing and Operations, University provide eBooks where once no books would have arrived is clearly a win for our mission of Minnesota Press) of information dissemination. Author’s Note: This article discusses the • A book that incorporates rich media, Yet we clearly have more to do on this front, expanded media resources that may accom- such as audio, video, and interactive as thorny obstacles relating to distribution and pany a web-based, edition of a monograph game files; access in the digital environment still remain: and the impact the higher number of media • A book that integrates scholarly con- competing digital rights management formats brings to bear on a publisher’s time. — SD versations in social media channels; that hinder reader satisfaction but seem to do nothing to discourage piracy; multiple • A book that incorporates social software formats that need to be downloaded ublishers have heard countless authors reading practices such as reader depending on your device, and issues with ease ask to include many images, tables, feedback and critique (separate from of highlighting and annotation. charts, even multimedia in their schol- peer review). P Enabling access to primary research docu- What else needs to change with the times? arly books and are used to saying, “Sorry, but From a marketing perspective, our budgets it is not possible. The print format and space ments and data, embedding or linking to archi- are torn between the many buyers who still constraints just don’t allow for that materi- val materials, and incorporating rich media all prefer to receive print catalogs and promotional al.” Today, with the creation of new digital require that editors and authors secure — and materials, and the opportunity to reach more platforms, the space and format constraints of pay for — permissions, prepare and deliver people through digital promotion. We’ve had print is becoming a thing of the past. Those of media files to production staff, and create meta- success with our social media channels and us who are building these new platforms are data for each item. While we are not limited blog tools for reaching individual readers. The realizing that more is not always better, and that by technology to a maximum number of media goal here is not to sell books through Facebook, more media can lead to higher costs. that we can include in a Manifold edition, but to drive awareness of our brand and books Two digital publication platforms that are both the author and press staff are limited by to populations that may not ordinarily find out currently in development, Manifold, from the time that they can realistically devote to a about books through more traditional channels. the University of Minnesota Press, and project, and this imposes a limitation on the We see the large trade houses expanding their Fulcrum, from Michigan Publishing at the number of media we are able to include in a D2C marketing efforts considerably, finally University of Michigan Library — both Manifold edition. realizing that understanding the end reader, funded by grants from the Andrew W. Mellon At the University of Minnesota Press not just the store buyer, is key to maintaining, Foundation — allow authors and publishers we estimate that our editorial and production much less increasing, relevance. This is one to expand the amount and types of media staff collectively spend approxi- area where being specialized is really helpful: that can be included in a published project. mately 20 to 30 minutes on each university presses have strong connections As more media are added, a press’ media resource that appears with many of our individual readers already editorial and production staff, in a book. This time is spent as a result of creating a home for unique and and the author, will spend more working with the author to de- specialized work and connecting readers and time preparing these media for termine if permission is required writers to one another. publication. At the University for illustrative content, quoted And while we’re on the topic of change, as of Minnesota Press we were texts, and previously published the largest percentage of our books are bought able to quantify the increase chapters of works and securing through online retailers, the perennial issue of in the amount of time we spent required permissions; working helping readers discover our books has led us on our first projects prepared for the with the author on captions; and to devote additional staff time to the creation Fulcrum and Manifold platforms, giving us an adding information to our rights and dissemination of increased metadata: more idea of how much more time we might expect and permissions logs within a manuscript’s formats, more accurate, more thorough, and de- to spend on this work. record in our database. livered more quickly to vendors. Current proj- Manifold, developed in collaboration with Securing permission is a hybrid responsibil- ects we’re working on at MIT Press include the GC Digital Scholarship Lab at CUNY ity. Many university presses ask that authors increased frequency of ONIX feeds, releasing and the digital development agency, Cast seek permission and pay any licensing fees book data on ONIX feeds earlier than in the Iron Coding, is a platform being developed to required by the copyright holder. The press past, and including greater keywords in our publish a monograph as a dynamic web-based is responsible for maintaining permissions re- ONIX feeds and Amazon book descriptions. digital edition — the “Manifold edition.” In cords and adhering to the restrictions imposed As we transition more thoroughly into a the grant proposal for the Manifold platform by the copyright holder. In practice, editorial more digital, more open space, there may be we defined the characteristics of a Manifold staff often advise authors about when/if permis- books published in exclusively Open Access edition as: sion is needed and provide template letters and formats, where generating sales is no longer • A book that makes visible its own forms for requesting and granting permission. the driving force it is today. Still, the value process of creation (published it- The Association of American University of excellence, the skill of advocating for the eratively, in pieces as the research Press offers a 21-page permission FAQ for reader, the relationships with distributors and and writing evolves) culminating authors and university presses (http://www. buyers all over the world, the knowledge and in a formal, peer-reviewed Release aaupnet.org/policy-areas/copyright-a-access/ network of individual readers, and the granu- Version; copyright-a-permissions/copyright-a-permis- larity of our metadata will only enhance the sions), a document that both press staff and • A book that is versioned, while still authors use in doing this work. value we bring as publishers to the reading allowing access to (and citations of) ecosphere. previous iterations of the text; Creating metadata for media begins with the author. At the University of Minnesota • A book that enables access to the Press we provide authors with a permissions primary research documents and log in which they list all the media they wish data; to include in a book. This document asks for • A book that links to archives (either the media’s title, creator, copyright holder, is through hyperlinks or by embedding permission needed, if so, was it obtained, cap- archival materials, as permissions tion, and location within the text. Upon com- allow); continued on page 22 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 21 reduced by about one-third to half the amount have 300 media resources to publish in their Adding Media, Adding Value of time our graduate student and Digital Pro- project. Not every project will benefit from from page 21 duction Editor have spent, or approximately the inclusion of 300 media resources, even seven to ten minutes per media item. For when platforms like Manifold and Fulcrum pletion, the author sends the permissions log a project with 323 media items this would are able to include them. to the editorial assistant at the press who will equal 37 to 53 hours of staff time, or about a University of Minnesota Press author add the information to the permissions log in week of work. John Hartigan, in his blog post, “Writing our title database. When media are published For one or two projects an additional the Continuous Book,” http://www.uminn- in a Manifold edition, or on a companion web week of work can be absorbed by our existing pressblog.com/2014/11/upweek-writing-con- site to a book (as on the Fulcrum platform), staff. The University of Minnesota Press tinuous-book.html says, “The best part is that we must create additional descriptive meta- publishes approximately 110 books per year. though I keep accumulating more material data that is not part of our existing process. If one-third of our list, or 36 projects, were than I know what to do with, my anxieties This new metadata includes alt-text for ac- to be published on dynamic platforms that over what to do with it all are dissolving. I’m cessibility, additional or new descriptive text required the creation of additional metadata just watching what unfolds and trying to learn because these media may be viewed without this would equal 1,332 to 1,908 staff hours, from it all, rather than worrying about how the context of the book’s text, adjustment to or 33 and 48 weeks of time — almost a full it will fit in the next book — or anticipating the captions to remove references specific to time employee. The amount of staff time we all that won’t make it between the next set of the print edition (i.e., “the image to the left”), are able to allocate to working with an author covers.” Platforms like Manifold and Ful- DOI assignment and registration. on media permissions and metadata will be a crum will allow authors like John to include The University of Minnesota Press significant factor in determining how many many of the materials they are accumulating hired a graduate student from the History books we can publish as Manifold editions. in their published projects. We believe that department to assist the authors and editorial The conversation between author and when selected thoughtfully more media will assistant with securing permissions and gen- editor about inclusion of media is both a cu- enrich a reader’s engagement with a scholar’s erating metadata for the illustrative material in ratorial and practical consideration of time. work. The addition of more media in a Mani- Canoes: A Natural History in North America Do all the media that an author proposes to fold edition will be a meaningful investment by Mark Neuzil and Norman Sims. Canoes include enhance a reader’s understanding of both the author’s and press staff time and has a companion website for its illustrative and experience within this project, and if so, effort. Our challenge then, is to make this content, hosted on the Fulcrum platform. does it merit the time? Not every scholar will work an efficient part of our workflow. Our graduate student spent approximately 80 hours completing the metadata spreadsheet required for the Fulcrum platform. Canoes has 323 photos, maps, paintings, and other media, which means our graduate student’s 80 hours of work equaled approximately 15 minutes of time per item to create the metadata Rumors nounced that the energetic, innovative, and needed for Fulcrum. incredible Judith Russell, the Dean of from page 6 University Libraries at the University of Manifold adapted the Fulcrum metadata Florida, has been selected to receive the spreadsheet for media and the Digital Projects created Logo art utilizing both the ATG and NFAIS 2017 Miles Conrad Award. NFAIS’s Editor at the University of Minnesota Press Charleston Conference graphics. Some audio Miles Conrad Award, long considered the is presently at work to prepare the metadata content from the 2016 Charleston Conference information community’s premier annual and media for The Perversity of Things: Hugo plenary sessions is being configured to put into honor for achievement in fostering the Gernsback on Media, Tinkering, and Scien- podcasts. These will be made available shortly growth of information services, is being tifiction by Hugo Gernsback and edited by on the Charleston Conference and Against given to Russell in recognition of her signifi- Grant Wythoff for upload into the Manifold the Grain websites. Stay tuned! cant achievements in librarianship and for her platform. As we refine the process of com- http://atgthepodcast.libsyn.com/podcast leadership in information services throughout posing the additional metadata required — as Do you keep up with libraries by reading the a career spanning academia, government, we build it into our routine workflow — we the non-profit and private sectors. Russell expect the time for metadata creation will be ATG NewsChannel? Did you read that Jackie Gleason, the television comedian and motion will be honored at the NFAIS 2017 Annual picture actor had “a deep and abiding interest Conference, February 26-28, in Alexandria, in parapsychology and its many components.” VA, and will deliver the annual Miles Conrad So much so that he collected “approximately Memorial Lecture. You all will remember 1,700 volumes of books, journals, proceedings, Ms. Russell was also featured with Charles pamphlets, and publications in the field of Watkinson, Associate University Librarian Making Connections ... parapsychology.” His collection for Publishing at University of from page 18 consists of “both scholarly and pop- Michigan Libraries and Direc- ular works published in the United tor of University of Michigan remains essential. Connecting scholarship to States and abroad” and will impress Press, at the 2016 Charleston readers, opening the academy, and fostering anyone interested in this fascinating Conference in the presentation the impact of scholarship in communities will topic. (See also: Special Collections: The Devil is in the Details: remain part of our mission, as it is for our larger The Jackie Gleason Collection.) Challenges of Collaborative institutions. Fortunately, Marilyn Gleason, the Collecting. Lydia Otero documented the history of widow of Jackie Gleason, donated the col- Also — Check out our Penthouse Suite a place. The University of Arizona Press lection to the University of Miami Library in interview with Judith Russell from this helped take that history to the community. 1988 and their Special Collections has assem- year’s Charleston Conference! While the story of La Calle is an extraordi- bled a website featuring numerous examples https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= nary example, it exemplifies our values as a from the collection. http://scholar.library. VMyU294IZxs&list=PLIGLt62pr1M6F- publisher and the value of university presses miami.edu/gleason/index.html QS1R1X9FkGPMS9AP-Ah&index=19 more broadly. Books can take root in commu- www.against-the-grain.com/ https://nfais.memberclicks.net/miles-conrad- nities, and university presses help scholarship The National Federation of Advanced lectures flourish. Information Services (NFAIS) has an- continued on page 62

22 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Journey Back to America's Roots

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accessible-archives.com Ditching the Guillotine: An Education in Accessibility by Becky Brasington Clark (Director, Publishing Office, Library of Congress)

he other day I was reading through the The process is even more labyrinthine when page proofs of a forthcoming title when digital files are neither provided, nor available. TI spotted a drawing of a book-holding In those cases, the staff purchases a print copy device for a gout-suffering scholar. of the book, removes the spine with a guillo- In the drawing — from a rare book pub- tine, scans the text, and fixes the file. To offset lished in 1588 — the man sits before an enor- some of their costs they rebind the guillotined mous contraption that looks like a waterwheel. book and sell it back to the campus bookstore. Multiple books are arranged on panels at It’s bad enough that this process is inefficient intervals and it appears that the scholar turns and expensive. What’s worse are the delays the wheel when he needs to go from one book often endured by waiting students. All too often, to the next. We don’t know who collected the students with disabilities don’t have usable cop- books or positioned them on the machine. But ies of required texts before the first day of class. it is abundantly clear from this illustration that Most publishing professionals I know are issues surrounding accessibility and reading caring, socially conscious people. So why are have been with us for a very long time. we doing such a poor job of serving readers There are more than 54 million Americans with disabilities? One issue may be that the with disabilities. One in eight struggles to read push for greater accessibility comes in the conventional print. In addition to people who midst of a sluggish economy that has dampened are blind and vision-impaired, this population retail sales and eviscerated the academic library includes readers with “invisible” disabilities market. The resulting diminished operating such as ADHD and autism.1 margins cause even the most good-hearted Fewer than 5% of books published in the publishers — many already struggling to United States are available to individuals with Photo Caption: Drawing from Le diverse et arti streamline processes and cut costs — to pause print disabilities.2 Without accessible books, ciose machine del capitano Agostino Ramelli before committing to another new workflow. the chances of living independently diminish (The Varied and Ingenious Machines), Kasdorf points to another factor hindering significantly.3 In fact, of the 285 million people published in Paris, 1588. The machine shown our progress: many publishers haven’t mas- with visual impairments worldwide, only 10- here is a wheel-operated book-holding device tered the steps necessary to ensure that new 25% are employed.4 for a scholar who suffers from gout. Rare content is born accessible, in addition to being Last March I joined the Library of Con- Books and Special Collections Division, born digital.6 gress as director of publishing. As home to Library of Congress. I had always believed that EPUB solved the National Library Service for the Blind and the problem. As it turns out, however, the file Physically Handicapped — which provides preparation sufficient to create most eBooks free braille and talking books for people with materials to students with qualifying disabil- isn’t enough to make books fully accessible, visual impairments or physical disabilities — ities. Jamie Axelrod, Director of Disability even if those files are wrapped and packaged the Library stands alongside several other ma- Resources at Northern Arizona University and according to the latest EPUB standards. jor institutions in championing literacy through president-elect of the Association on Higher Without appropriate tagging, descriptions, and accessibility. When I was asked to develop a Education and Disability, discussed the reali- file structure, readers with print disabilities comprehensive eBook publishing strategy for ties he and his colleagues face when attempting and mobility impairments will not be able to the Library shortly after arriving, I recognized to meet the needs of their disabled students. distinguish text elements like headings; they that it was time to get serious about learning Most of the publishers I know happily won’t be able to navigate through the book how to create accessible digital content. comply with requests from campus libraries for properly; they won’t be able to know what’s My education began last June with a day- digital files of assigned books to accommodate in the illustrations or charts; and the files won’t long seminar hosted by the Association of disabled students. I had always thought the interact properly with assistance technology 7 American University Presses. Entitled Ac- library’s role was simply to facilitate the ex- (AT) like text to speech. cessibility is Accessible and organized by Bill change of files between publisher and student, But there is good news too. The processes Kasdorf of Apex CoVantage, the seminar fo- but the reality is far more complicated. we use to create born digital eBooks provide cused on the convergence of “a new publishing Consider this: 82% of the files received by an excellent foundation for creating accessible paradigm” built on two fundamental principles: Northern Arizona University can’t be used content, especially if we are using EPUB3. And 1. People who need to use assistive without text conversion or remediation.5 The publishers seeking easy-to-understand guidance technology should be able to buy book might come as a single PDF without now have an excellent resource in BISG’s Quick 8 and use the same digital books ev- chapter-level bookmarks or as an image file Start Guide to Accessible Publishing. The sec- erybody else does, without enduring without text. Some files aren’t structured prop- tion entitled “Top Tips for Creating Accessible the delays and expenses that are erly, others lack necessary tags. Page numbers, EPUB 3 Files” can calm the nerves of the even currently required to provide them footnotes, and side notes might not match those the most technophobic among us. the books they need. of the printed text — or they might not exist at We can also consult with pioneering pub- 2. By incorporating good accessibility all. Often there is no descriptive text for the lishers who have incorporated accessibility into practices into their editorial and charts, illustrations, graphs, and mathematical their editorial and production processes. The production workflows, publishers symbols. Without this text, visually impaired University of Michigan has made significant will make their books better for all students who rely on machine readers can’t progress in this regard, and interested peers can users. ... making books accessible access the information. glean a lot of great information from Jonathan makes them better, period. At Northern Arizona University, staff in McGlone’s excellent slide presentation from 9 One of the first presentations brought home the office of Disability Resources must step last June’s seminar. the difficulties faced by institutions of higher in to fix these shortcomings. They open files, Michigan is an institution with a robust learning in meeting state and federal mandates add missing elements, and repair flaws as disability studies initiative and the Press has to provide accessible textbooks and learning students wait. continued on page 25

24 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Publishing Forum’s a11Y11 QA checklist. The Press, the New Republic, Counterpoint Press, Ditching the Guillotine details of this process — along with helpful and Moon Travel Handbooks. She serves from page 24 tips — are described in McGlone’s slides. on the Board of the American Association of In reviewing Michigan’s efforts, two pieces University Presses (AAUP), and has served as a strong list in the field. But it was the 2015 of advice stand out: “collaborate with campus an adjunct faculty member in George Wash- protest of a blind professor of disability studies experts” and “start small, iterate often.” This ington University’s Master of Professional and literature that pushed Michigan Press to eminently sensible approach gives all publish- Studies in Publishing program. up its game. ers permission to blunder forward as best we Stephen Kuusisto expressed his frus- can. We won’t get it right immediately. As trations at the difficulty of reading content with other new processes we’ve had to master published by the Press on his blog, Planet of — like ONIX compliance, metadata exports, Endnotes the Blind. The post, entitled “My Everest: The digital catalogs, and eBook production — 1. BISG Content Structure Committee’s University of Michigan Press,” vividly de- Accessible Publishing Working Group, we’re going to meet with staff resistance and Quick Start Guide to Accessible Publishing scribed the obstacles encountered by the author make some mistakes along the way. (New York: Book Industry Study Group, in trying to read content labeled as accessible. But the potential benefits are significant. Inc., 2016), 8. “They make the experience of attempting to According to BISG, publishers that invest in 10 2. BISG, 10. read one of their books nearly impossible.” accessible content can enjoy a variety of an- 3. Accessible Books Consortium, http:// It would have been cillary benefits, including www.accessiblebooksconsortium.org/export/ tempting to respond to this new markets, better discov- abc/abc_brochure.pdf. criticism with any one of erability, and streamlined 4. World Blind Union, http://www.world- the whiny retorts to which production workflow.12 blindunion.org/English/resources/Pages/ we publishers resort when And think of the mon- Global-Blindness-Facts.aspx. on the defensive. “We’re ey that could be saved by 5. http://www.slideshare.net/aaupny/ understaffed!” “We’re un- aaup-2016-accessibility-presentation-j-axel- shedding the cumbersome, rod derfunded!” “We’ve been expensive, and inefficient told to cut costs!” 6. Bill Kasdorf, “Accessibility has Never processes of retrofitting Been More Accessible to Publishers,” IBPA But press director that keep campus col- independent, May 2016, 34, no. 5, https:// Charles Watkinson chose to respond in a leagues shackled to scanners and disabled stu- www.ibpa-online.org/article/accessibili- fashion from which we all might tear a page: dents lagging behind their able-bodied peers. ty-has-never-been-more-accessible-to-pub- humility. He wrote: I still have a lot to learn, but I’m ready to lishers/. “We are very aware that we have more ditch the guillotine and make the short leap 7. BISG, 8-9. to do in making our works more widely from born digital to born accessible. Care to 8. https://bisg.site-ym.com/store/ViewProd- accessible… Please know that we are join me? uct.aspx?id=6972996 actively working on the issue and hope 9. http://www.slideshare.net/aaupny/aaup- to provide a better service to both our 2016-getting-to-accessible-publishing-at- authors and readers soon.” Becky Brasington Clark is director of the-university-of-michigan-press-j-mcglone the Library of Congress Publishing Office 10. https://stephenkuusisto.com/2015/07/21/ Charles Watkinson and his colleagues my-everest-the-university-of-michi- launched a process to produce born accessible (LCPO), which partners with trade and gan-press/ eBooks. They reviewed and updated their university press publishers to produce books, 11. a11y is a community-based effort to production and image description guidelines calendars, and other consumer products that facilitate web accessibility, by providing, and revised their instructions to authors to showcase the Library’s collections. She spent among other things, automated content audit incorporate necessary requirements. They also 12 years as director of marketing for the tools. http://a11yproject.com/ developed a process by which they could audit Johns Hopkins University Press and held 12. BISG, p. 13. EPUB3 files using the International Digital similar positions at the Brookings Institution

The Singularity of the Book by Carey C. Newman (Director, Baylor University Press)

acebook is the world’s most wildly lishing into an all-information, all-e, all-OA, fracked. The quiet, quaint, and erudite, for- successful media company that neither and all-cloned enterprise, all the time. Books merly located in some comfortable anteroom Fproduces nor owns any content. Airbnb — and any part of any book — can and should of global publishing, has been transformed at is the world’s most wildly successful hotel be free to all. Books can and should be digital a dizzying pace into a bastardized mashup of company that neither buys nor owns property. and perpetually available, anywhere, anytime, frenzy: academic publishing is now an all-out Uber is the world’s most wildly successful on any device. And books can and should be arms race for technology and a Texas-sized, transportation company that owns no cars. bot-built, opening up infinite AI iterations of Powerball-lottery bet on content. Publishers Alibaba is the world’s most wildly successful content based on carefully mined aggregations now must secure and digitize all the content retail company that owns no inventory. Aca- of readerly whims. Datum sans corpus. possible — not knowing whether any of it is demic publishers must follow suit — or so say But to pass into full technological bliss, and really valuable, but hoping that some of it just the industry gurus, the barons of third-party to leave behind an undue and outdated fixation might be — and become experts in optimizing funding, the rajas of professional societies, on print, academic publishers must master that content’s maximum discoverability and and the high priests of power within academic the mysteries of Big Data. The challenge is lure before, finally, creatively (and cravenly) publishing itself. Publishers must become to capture and tag all the data and content monetizing the whole process for revenue. This software companies without any books. that can be captured and tagged, and, as it is the future, so say the wise. This vision of the future capitalizes on the turns out, there’s quite a bit to be captured, Well, whatever this is, I am pretty sure it technological confluence of the cloud, broad- acquired, tagged, stacked, indexed, remixed, isn’t publishing. band, and mobility to transform academic pub- clustered, cited, extracted, packaged, and continued on page 26

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 25 unique practice of the craft, slowly but surely, the courses ahead. The book is a symphony The Singularity of the Book tells a larger story and gains a purchase on the of detail masterly conducted by Harvard, its from page 25 academic disciplines it serves. The decision publisher. not to publish is equally artistic. To publish Since Manutius publishers have lavished What crime did the physical book commit the wrong book is to insert the wrong character attention on covers, font, leading, gutters, to be so summarily treated with such disdain? into a novel; it is to paint a Dutch realist face margins, headers, trim sizes. Publishers have What is it about the traditional book that is into the corner of Starry Night. long labored over prefaces, introductions, so offensive and so irritating to so many? Manutius’ singular genius can also be prose, notes, and conclusions. None of this Why such a dogged and determined effort to measured in his attention to detail. Under the art is plug and play. dinosaur the book? Poor books. They really colophon were the Latin words festina lente, Publishing is not technology, though it em- did mean well. They had no idea that their “hasten slowly.” And that he did. He hastened ploys technology. Publishing is not a business, paper and ink, their spines and folds, would very slowly, laboring over every aspect of though it depends on money. Publishing is art. cause such a fuss. Wooden. Fixed. Isolated. form. Famously, Manutius invented italic type It is a dangerous art at that. It is dangerous Dead. Unsearchable. They could probably and insisted on a Roman type that was clean, because it is so consistently irrational and be forgiven if they weren’t so stubborn. But readable, and elegant. But his attentions were decadent. To spend so much time, imagination, there they are, such as they are, and they, and also drawn to the smallest creative aspects of and treasure on one book makes no sense. their publishers, have become the villains in publishing. He invented the modern use of the Madness. The danger of a book resides in its the new meta-narrative for this post-disruption, semicolon and the comma. He preserved the wisdom. Any old machine can spew informa- tech-driven economy. The true heroes are extravagant art and beauty of the illuminated tion; but the profusion and superabundance those who liberate content from its tradition- manuscripts of previous ages and transferred of information should never be confused with al, generically hegemonic bindings. For far the calligraphy of his day into his publications. a specific and unique incarnation of wisdom. too long these arbitrary containers have held But he also tinkered with the trim size of his Publishing, like the work of the author, is thus information constrained and shackled. At long books, being careful to marry books to use. built upon an element of impossibility. It takes last information can be free, instantly, and free He thus developed small, smartly designed a publisher, as an artist, to conjure a book. to — and for — an immense, invisible, and vast editions, with plenty of room for marginal readership. Links and tags. Links and tags. notes, of classics in a series he called libelli Using the latest technology to screen Star- Content, links, and tags. portatiles, “portable little books.” In doing ry Night — or even a mashup of several van Against this backdrop the solitary figure of so, Manutius helped invent the modern idea Goghs — on a T-shirt to make it available to Aldus Manutius (1449–1515) appears unique of a personal library. Manutius thus created the masses does not make the T-shirt art. It just and even comical. Manutius, one of the very something so unrepeatable and, yet, something makes it a cool T-shirt. The very particular glo- first post-Gutenberg publishers, established the that other publishers have sought to replicate ry of a van Gogh is accentuated and enhanced glories of the Aldine Press. His anonymous through the centuries. by the work of curators in providing a frame. Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (1499) is often said Kecia Ali’s The Lives of Muhammad The singularity of Wheatfield with Crows, pos- to be the most beautiful, and possibly the most (Harvard UP) rests on my desk. Having lost sibly van Gogh’s last, is perceived only at the unreadable book, ever published. Graced with this book to Harvard in the hand-to- end of a long, carefully orchestrated 168 woodcuts, unsurpassed typography, and hand combat that is acquisitions, series of van Goghs. By the time riddled with bizarre and often indecipherable I remained keenly aware of the that particular painting is reached loan words from Greek, Hebrew, and Latin book’s progress toward publica- in the museum in Amsterdam you (and some invented languages), the book is tion. I was aware and jealous, are both prepared — and utterly eccentric — both Jung and Eco loved the jealous because I desper- unprepared — for it. The power book — lavish, and excessive. At first glance ately wanted the book on of that unique painting com- Manutius is the poster child for all that’s my list, not only because municates because of frame claimed wrong with decadent and irrational Kecia is a great person and framing. academic publishing today. But, upon closer (which she is), and this There is no techno- inspection it might be that old Manutius may was a great book (which logical substitute for the have something important to say to us today it is), but because this singular work of a pub- about the singularity and enduring worth of individual book would lisher, just as there is no our common craft. fit and define Baylor’s technological substitute Manutius invented a true publishing im- own imprint. But my ev- for the book itself. As print. He produced books of such quality, in er-present jealously turned to Umberto Eco reminds, both content and form, that his books, collec- admiration when a copy of the finished book “The book is like the spoon, scissors, the tively, constituted a recognizable brand, sym- arrived in the mail — awe of the perfect way hammer, the wheel. Once invented, it cannot bolized beautifully in a colophon — the anchor Harvard married the design of the book, right be improved. You cannot make a spoon that and dolphin — a colophon still employed by to the smallest detail, to the soul and vocation is better than a spoon.” All that can be done Doubleday today. The Press’ imprint was so of the book. It is perfectly sized and weighted. is make wonderful, glorious particular spoons. distinctive and effective that it was pirated. The volume nests comfortably in the hand. The As it turns out there’s a craving for such artisan- Manutius was compelled to distribute fly matte finish invites exploration. The interior ship. The obsession with $6 coffee is because sheets warning of the forgeries. In language font’s ability, ever so slightly, to echo the art each bean is hand selected. Chicken coops that sounds all too eerily familiar, he protested of the cover and the arabesque that graces a dot urban backyards because of the desire for that the knockoffs used inferior paper, substan- mosque forms a hermeneutically robust koan intimate connection to what is produced. The dard typography, and were, um, marked by a for the whole. The leading is adjusted upward infatuation with everything handmade and certain “smell” — they emitted a distinctively ever so slightly so that eyes are encouraged locally sourced could be judged irrational and “French” odor (having been printed in Lyon). to skip along with Ali’s crackling prose. The decadent. And it may just be, when publishers The books a publisher chooses to publish decadent endpapers, surely a wanton and practice the artistry of their singular craft well, are a dramatic expression of singularity. It irrational choice by today’s standards, mime their particular books will be talked about on is not just a particular book’s individuality, the book’s signal of importance. The table of Facebook, bought and sold on Alibaba, read though it is that for sure; it is the collocation contents brimming with concision, symmetry, in an Airbnb apartment, and accidentally (and of a publisher’s particular books — their en- and progression is poetic in sight and sound serendipitously) left on the seat of an Uber chainment into a unique whole — that forms and arcs the narrative of the volume. Ali’s ride. a house and defines an imprint. A publisher’s very brief introduction sets the table for all

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There was a period of include to expanded be to information contact the for long too take didn’t It number. telephone a and address ing mail a of form the in was information contact that course, of days, early the In on. early fairly established was Us” a page entitled something like “Contact organization. The convention of a link to an and public the of members between they might be the source of initial contact that understanding the with built were publishing platformofsorts. Weba the as of was had administrators in that sense I guess the first view many so — university or college a of tivities to want might public the of members interested that out figure could people Most for? things these were what — pages Web accessible publicly for processes and planning their in room make to efforts early making were colleges as Web, tered in the early days of the World Wide United States. this quote from the 28th President of the business processes I sometimes think of into technology of incorporation the ments illadaptedforthepurpose.” Column Editor: Clubs” Pelikan’s Antidisambiguation—“DigitalGolf I remember a college office which office college a remember I that pages Webcollege recall can I It reminds me of an episode I encoun “Golf isagameinwhichoneendeavorstocontrolballwithimple about the programs or ac- or programs the readabout of patterns discernable in discernable patterns of that to around swings tion conversa- of topic the hen Michael P. Pelikan(PennState) - - - —Woodrow Wilson in the forefront of such things. And things. such of forefront the in been have to ago enough long place in them put that institution an in running systems legacy mainframe-based ered tration, a pair of heavy-iron steam-pow - field, is strictly a matter of coincidence. Btfsplk Joe the or Field, Murphy the or field 240 a not and field, 239 it’sa that fact the overlooked, I’ve one in there if or,— describe to about I’m way the in university system employing a 239 field or college no of aware I’m up. this ing field. I wish to emphasize that I’m mak- has produced is that of the fictitious 239 design system and evolution process of interaction the of observations my is which. does not always accurately judge which One horse. the before cart the place to not knows One years. the over over, traded places as cart and horse over and technologies. new the about skepticism healthy hibit ex- to worldliness and enlightenment of sign a became It in. set Cynicism before. than impacted and up blocked more even were arteries corporate the anything, If exist. not did they because untold were efficiencies were realized! efficiencies new untold transformed overnight and entire business model was The Voila! And cesses. pro- paper-based existing the into them fold simply and forms filled-in those out print to assistants administrative the asked administrators the — right That’s forms? web those filling started out andmailedin.Easy, right? take form that previously had been filled a Web-basedin- produce the of version to initiated was project a quickly, very So understand! could administrators initiator.contact last! At Athe process the by out filled be to form, web-based that contact could be initiated through a back andforth. accurate to say that the discussions went other attempt to get in touch? I think it’s — or were they simply contacts, just like form of color-coding in the filing system But imagine, for the sake of the illus fables enduring most the of One have selection tool and Workflow new The no. Well, prospects once happened what And realized somebody point some At - - more, the shiny new system will have will system new shiny the more, or figures six or five in expenditures and implementation, and planning of field buttheywouldn’t listen!” and says, “I told them we needed the 239 seen consequences, somebody stands up that might occur later if, owing to unfore- disaster the prevent it’sto way only the than to overcome the objection. Besides, because it’s lessworkforthemtodoso simply field, 239 the incorporating tion fold. customiza will a in build They’ll architects the and consultants the tered, proper estimates!” need the 239 field if we’re going to make field to drive the estimation process. We we use the numbers totaled from the 239 “But anymore. data that move to need don’t you — now system same the in Well, the young whelps point out, it’s all the 239 field to get that data over there.” use field. We 239 “Youthe out, forgot terms “bailing wire and spit”) will point (sometimes referred to with the technical customizations and adaptations one-off tems, its processes and the unique sets of familiarity with the organization, its sys- deep personal, has who someone — out loud, these systems are older than our to modernize these systems — fer crying time It’s reviewed. being are systems it allwent. looking back at it later, wondering where were you unless — fast it didn’t feel least, at or “fast,” that really wasn’t of retrievalforSystem“B.” this data from System “A” and as a for point deposit of point a as serve to field, 239 the field, interchange an devised the wizards and gnomes of the IT realm “Previous Affiliation” in System “B.” So “Affiliation” in System “A” was and became it Perhaps “B.” System in field different a to “A” System in field one piece of data needed to be brought from between those systems. So, a particular data selected interchange to need a was there discovered was it that imagine And And as a result, after months or years encoun- I’ve moments such most In New blood is on site. Old hoary Old site. on is blood New It years. twenty fast-forward Now students! So the consultants the So students! and the architects arrive, and begin to examine systems examine to begin and processes, to bring to bring to processes, and reality the promise of new of promise the reality efficiencies tobewon. been around a long time long a around been who’s somebody findings, their socialize and out As they begin to trot to begin they As continued onpage 29 - Collecting to the Core — Cross-disciplinary Criminal Justice Resources by Beth Sheehan (Asst. Professor & Social Sciences Research Services Librarian, Social Sciences, Health, and Education Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Criminal Justice and Law Editor, Resources for College Libraries: Career Resources) Column Editor: Anne Doherty (Resources for College Libraries Project Editor, CHOICE/ACRL)

Column Editor’s Note: The “Collecting relationship between intimate partner violence well and Encyclopedia of Criminology and to the Core” column highlights monographic and substance abuse, all will require some Criminal Justice published by Springer.1-2 If works that are essential to the academic li- level of criminal justice research limited resources require a choice brary within a particular discipline, inspired relevant to their topic. between these two large, expen- by the Resources for College Libraries bib- If a college library has a sive sets, this author recom- liography (online at http://www.rclweb.net). limited budget for purchasing mends the Wiley-Blackwell In each essay, subject specialists introduce criminal justice resources be- encyclopedia, edited by Jay S. and explain the classic titles and topics that cause it is not a major curricular Albanese. This five-volume continue to remain relevant to the undergrad- focus of the institution, careful work contains approximately uate curriculum and library collection. Dis- selection is critical to ensure 500 entries and is available in ciplinary trends may shift, but some classics that titles will be useful for print and electronically. It has never go out of style. — AD applied and interdisciplinary received several accolades, criminal justice research. This including selection as a 2014 essay recommends several titles drawn Choice “Outstanding Academic any two-year and four-year colleges from the “Criminal Justice and Law” section Title,” and recommendation by the Reference offer associate or bachelor’s degrees of Resources for College Libraries: Career and User Services Association in the “2015 in criminal justice and criminology. It Resources that should be considered core for Outstanding Reference Sources List.”3-4 Al- M though the Springer encyclopedia provides is also common for sociology and other social supporting criminal justice-related study and science programs at colleges and universities research, even at institutions without criminal more breadth and depth, since it is comprised of that do not offer dedicated criminal justice justice programs or course concentrations. 10 volumes and approximately 600 entries, the degree programs to include criminal justice This list is not all-inclusive but offers one Wiley-Blackwell version offers accessibility courses and course concentrations within the or two representative titles for each type of for introductory-level students and those with curriculum. However, even when colleges reference resource. limited prior background and knowledge of lack dedicated criminal justice degree programs criminal justice. The online and print versions or academic courses, students often require Encyclopedias of the Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia facilitate criminal justice and criminology resources. With a potentially vast and diverse number browsing by topical category in addition to the Whenever students are given license to select of student research interests, ideal collection traditional A-Z alphabetical list and search topics for research projects, invariably some candidates are those which provide breadth of functions, a feature which is lacking from will choose a theme that intersects with crimi- coverage on a variety of criminal justice and Springer’s encyclopedia. In addition, some nal justice. Whether it is the sociology student criminology topics, balanced with sufficient of the Wiley-Blackwell entry headings are examining issues related to undocumented depth of content to provide students with more intuitive and contain less jargon, and immigrants and border control, the education useful background information and suggested the content of entries is generally written to student who wonders whether prisoners with readings for further research. Two compre- provide a general overview as opposed to the access to G.E.D. classes are less likely to be hensive encyclopedia sets that fit these criteria more in-depth analysis of subtopics found in re-incarcerated, the computer science student were published in 2014, with nearly identical some of the Springer entries. For example, the writing a software encryption protocol to deter titles: The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia has one entry hackers, or the social work student studying the Criminal Justice published by Wiley-Black- continued on page 30

seen a world organized around the produc- got a process stage that used to be triggered by Op Ed tion, sale, distribution, and management of a ball dropping into a hole. How can we best from page 28 paper-based artifacts evolve into a world in trigger it now?” which some of the most valuable assets take My guess would be that the average reader been field-modified to behave exactly like the on the appearance to the uninitiated of being of Against the Grain doesn’t need to be shown twenty year old dinosaurs it replaces. intangible. any of this. First of all, let’s be honest: there Honestly — if your business process re- We’ve learned that it’s not enough merely to really are no average readers of Against the lies on getting a small white ball into a hole, translate the processes that were relevant to the Grain! For the most part, those whom I’ve would you use golf clubs to get it there? If physical business model into a digital format — met or spoken with over the years are canny, some end-state relies on that ball being in the but rather that a more thorough transformation storied, long-term observers of all the forces hole, your end-users won’t even know about of the underlying processes themselves must discussed here. Perhaps I can serve merely the ball anyway — they’ll just know about the occur — one that’s based upon analysis that to affirm the impressions and insights you’ve end result. They don’t care about the ball; let starts with the desired end state and works gathered, or to say, “Hmmm. Yes, it looks like alone how you get it into the hole. There are backward, rather than one that starts where that from here as well…” Perhaps you can tuck no style points being issued. we are and works forward. In other words, this away for use at an opportune time. Truly So we’ve been well positioned over these an analysis that doesn’t begin with, “We’ve — when was the last time you got to quote past couple of decades to observe the evolution got this excellent set of golf clubs, beautifully Woodrow Wilson to underscore a point? of libraries’, and publishers’, and book sellers’ designed, evolved, and handed down to us,” responses to the evolving environment. We’ve but rather begins with the question, “We’ve

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 29 those who are interested in choosing a criminal Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Collecting to the Core justice topic for an argument paper or debate Department of Homeland Security’s Office from page 29 assignment. Chapters include references of Immigration Statistics, the Pew Research for further reading (including citations to Center, and the NAACP Legal Defense and entitled “Police Discretion” on this topic, while relevant court cases when applicable, as well Educational Fund, to name a few.17 It is the Springer encyclopedia has three separate as to scholarly articles, books, and reports), especially helpful for statistics from 2002 to entries: “Police Discretion and Its Control,” and are appropriate for readers with no prior 2011, but some topics include statistics dating “Police Discretion in Law Enforcement,” and knowledge of the topic, as well as those with back to the 1970s and ’80s. This free online “Police Discretion in Providing Services and some background who want to further explore resource is essential for online research guides Assistance.”5-8 In terms of breadth and depth of the history or opposing positions. and bibliographies related to criminal justice coverage on this subject, Springer comes out and law, and is particularly helpful for under- on top, but for students looking for a straight- Statistics Sources graduate and non-specialist students looking forward, non-specialized definition with a basic It is common for researchers to seek for quickly available statistics to incorporate history and discussion of the current issues, criminal justice and law-related statistics to into research assignments. Wiley-Blackwell is more direct. Although include in papers or presentations, and a good The encyclopedias, handbook series, and both encyclopedias have entries edited by one-stop shop for statistics in this area is the online statistics sourcebook described here are scholars from around the world, the Springer Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, examples of resources that would be most help- version has a more obvious international scope published online by the University at Albany’s ful and applicable to a broad range of students (as evidenced by main entries like “Commu- Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Cen- and scholars searching for criminal justice in- nity Service in Europe”), making Springer’s ter.16 Last updated in 2013, this resource draws formation to incorporate into cross-disciplinary encyclopedia potentially preferable if global 9 on data from major government and research research. For libraries at institutions without criminal justice is a curricular focus. organization sources, as well as individual a strong criminal justice focus or the ability to In summary, both of these encyclopedias researchers, including the U.S. Department of support exhaustive collections on this subject, provide thorough overviews of criminology Justice’s Bureau of Justice Statistics, the U.S. these works are important inclusions for a core and criminal justice terms and concerns, and Department of Transportation’s National reference collection. are complimentary in terms of coverage rather than strictly duplicative. Entries in both works include extensive bibliographies of references and balanced coverage of topical issues. If Endnotes collections budgets allow, it would be worth- 1. Albanese, Jay S., ed. The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Wiley Series while to purchase both sets; however, the of Encyclopedias in Criminology and Criminal Justice. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Blackwell, 2014.* Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia may be more 2. Bruinsma, Gerben, and David Weisburd, eds. Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal accessible and helpful to the general researcher Justice. New York, NY : Springer, 2014.* without criminal justice specialization. 3. “Outstanding Academic Titles, 2014.” Choice 52, no. 5 (January 2015): 741–71, doi:10.5860/ CHOICE.52.05.741. Handbooks 4. Reference and User Services Association, American Library Association. “2015 Outstanding An excellent series of handbooks that Reference Sources List: Reference Publications for Small and Medium-Sized Public and Aca- would be useful to undergraduates and demic Libraries.” ALANews press release, 02/01/2015, http://www.ala.org/news/press-releas- non-specialist researchers who need back- es/2015/02/2015-outstanding-reference-sources-list-reference-publications-small-and. ground information related to criminal justice 5. Brown, Ben. “Police Discretion.” In The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, and law is the SAGE Key Issues in Crime and edited by Jay Albanese. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Blackwell, 2014. Punishment series published in 2011. There 6. Cordner, Gary, and Michael S. Scott.“Police Discretion and Its Control.” In Encyclopedia of are five stand-alone, thematic volumes in this Criminology and Criminal Justice, edited by Gerben Bruinsma and David Weisburd. New York, series, which can be purchased individually NY: Springer, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_414. or as a set: Crime and Criminal Behavior; 7. Worden, Robert E., and Sarah J. McLean. “Police Discretion in Law Enforcement.” In Ency- Police and Law Enforcement; Courts, Law clopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, edited by Gerben Bruinsma and David Weisburd. New York, NY: Springer, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_415. and Justice; Corrections; and Juvenile Crime and Justice.10-14 Each work includes twenty 8. McCluskey, John D. “Police Discretion in Providing Services and Assistance.” In Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, edited by Gerben Bruinsma and David Weisburd. New York, chapters, each based on issues that are either NY: Springer, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_416. frequently the subject of popular and scholar- 9. Dünkel, Frieder, and Tapio Lappi-Seppälä. “Community Service in Europe.” In Encyclopedia ly debate or are fundamental themes for the of Criminology and Criminal Justice, edited by Gerben Bruinsma and David Weisburd. New York, volume. Within each chapter, readers will NY: Springer, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_567. find a fairly thorough history and background, 10. Chambliss, William J., ed. Crime and Criminal Behavior, Key Issues in Crime and Punishment contextual information regarding the recent 1. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2011. http://www.credoreference.com/book/sagecrime.* impact and coverage of the topic in contempo- 11. Chambliss, William J., ed. Police and Law Enforcement, Key Issues in Crime and Punishment rary media and scholarly discourse, and a pro/ 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2011. http://www.credoreference.com/book/sagepolice.* con section, which gives equal coverage and 12. Chambliss, William J., ed. Courts, Law, and Justice, Key Issues in Crime and Punishment 3. treatment to different viewpoints on the issue. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2011. http://www.credoreference.com/book/sagecourts.* For example, Crime and Criminal Behavior 13. Chambliss, William J., ed. Corrections, Key Issues in Crime and Punishment 4. Thousand contains the chapters “Euthanasia and Assisted Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2011. http://www.credoreference.com/book/sagecorrections.* Suicide,” “Prostitution,” “Internet Crime,” and 14. Chambliss, William J., ed. Juvenile Crime and Justice, Key Issues in Crime and Punishment “Terrorism and Extremism.” Topics covered 5. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2011. http://www.credoreference.com/book/sagejc.* in Courts, Law and Justice include “Drug 15. See table of contents in each of the five volumes in the Key Issues in Crime and Punishment Laws,” “Insanity Defense,” and “Mandatory series (SAGE) for complete lists of chapter titles. Sentencing.” In Corrections, example chapters 16. University at Albany, Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center. Sourcebook of Criminal of interest include “Mentally Ill and Mentally Justice Statistics. http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/index.html. Accessed June 14, 2016.* Challenged Inmates,” “Prison Overcrowding,” 17. University at Albany, Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center. “Annotated List of and “Healthcare and Medical Assistance for Sources and References.” In Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics. http://www.albany.edu/ Prisoners.”15 As these examples illustrate, the sourcebook/bib.html. Accessed June 14, 2016. subjects covered may appeal to a wide range *Editor’s note: An asterisk (*) denotes a title selected for Resources for College Libraries. of students, and would be especially helpful to

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T: 650.493.4400/800.523.8635 (us/can) Both Sides Now: Vendors and Librarians — Value: A View from Different Angles Column Editor: Michael Gruenberg (Managing Partner, Gruenberg Consulting, LLC) www.gruenbergconsulting.com

ver the last five years, I have had the The following year, Matt and I were joined involve pleasure to attend the Charleston Con- at our session by our mutual friend, Carl planes, Oference primarily as a speaker. Prior to Grant, Associate Dean and CTO of the Univer- rental cars and hotels need prior attention that, I attended the conference for many years sity Libraries at the University of Oklahoma. so that the best rates are obtained so that the as both an exhibitor and an attendee while Instead of the back room of the restaurant, this company travel budgets are spent wisely. working as a sales executive for a number of time we were scheduled on a Friday afternoon Moreover, agendas of purpose for the meet- information industry companies. I like being at a ballroom located in the Embassy Suites ings need to be sent in advance so as to make a speaker because it gives me the opportunity Hotel, just a short walk from the Francis sure that all parties are on the same page with to interact with a wide variety of people from Marion. We stressed over the fact that “no mutually understood goals and objectives for many types of libraries somewhat differently one ever wants to attend a session on a Friday their meeting. It is of no value to attend a than trying to sell those same people a product/ afternoon” of any conference. We arrived at substantive meeting at a library without careful service. the room to find that every seat was filled and prior preparation by both parties. I vividly remember the first time Matt over 100 people were there waiting for us to The value for a sales rep is knowing that Dunie and I spoke about “Negotiation Skills for begin our session. We surmised that all those through careful preparation that there will be Information Professionals” at the conference. people were really there to see and hear Carl, a receptive audience waiting to hear about a Matt and I were accompanied at our session by but it was more the topic than Carl, Matt or product/service/technology that will ultimately a librarian, Amelia Brunskill. We asked her me that drew the crowd. Clearly, those folks be beneficial for the library that ends up as to join us because we felt that just having two understood the value our topic represented a sale. The value for the library is knowing sales and marketing guys presenting our views for them. that the salesperson has carefully researched really needed the point of view of a library At the 2016 pre-conference sessions that the library’s needs and is recommending a person to drive home our collective thoughts I recently participated in with my long-time product/service/technology that will save the on how the vendor/librarian negotiation should friend, Buzzy Basch, I spoke about under- organization time and money while at the same essentially play out. Our goal was to speak standing the library market on Tuesday and on time provide users with a valuable resource. about effective negotiation from the sales and the following day, was panelist with a group of marketing view and she was to talk about how industry colleagues talking about negotiation For both parties, value is in the relationship the librarian works efficiently with the vendor. skills for information professionals. As was the that builds trust. “People buy from people; they don’t buy from companies.” What this I guess the Charleston Conference orga- case from those sessions in the past, the popu- larity of the topic exceeded the space originally simply means is that whatever the purchas- nizers were somewhat unsure as to how many es, we always feel more comfortable with a people would attend our session because they allotted which meant that the original room that was scheduled to host our talk had to be salesperson that is a known entity. “Yes, I’ve scheduled us on a Thursday afternoon right known Kevin for years and he’s always been after lunch in the back room of the restaurant changed to a larger room due to the increased number of people paying money to hear us honest” a customer may say to a colleague prior located on the ground floor of the Francis to Kevin calling on the library. That is a huge Marion Hotel. That room was so remote speak. Once again, the value of our session resonated with the conference attendees. value for both the customer and the salesperson and out of the way, that I didn’t even know it since they have established a mutual trust over existed even though I had many a meal at that I am a firm believer in having a frank and a number of years of working together. restaurant. honest exchange of ideas with the people that Earlier in the day I met my friend, Russlene attend my sessions. My panel colleagues at the There are, of course, many hidden values Waukechon from the Texas State Library 2016 conference were similarly inclined. We for both the information professional and the and Archives Commission. I asked her if all encouraged audience participation. At one sale rep. In the case of the salesperson, a sale she was going to attend our session. She said point, a gentleman from the audience spoke may mean a significant commission which that she had planned on attending, but that about the librarian/vendor relationship. He may help in reducing some personal financial a previously scheduled appointment might stated to the group that it is of no value for the burdens. The sale could have value if that sale cause a delay in getting there on time. She salesperson to travel to a library if the library gives the salesperson added bonuses and/or was concerned that she would arrive too late does not have the money to pay for the product/ job promotion for achievement. On the other to be seated. Being the eternal optimist that I services that the salesperson will undoubtedly hand, a major library purchase may mean that am, I said that there would be plenty of room attempt to sell. “You need to tell the sales rep the salesperson simply hits their sales goals for her no matter when she arrived. She told upfront of your financial dilemma prior to mak- and objectives for the year thus guaranteeing me that she specifically knew of a number of ing the appointment” he said. The salesperson continued employment. people who had indicated to her of their desire should be aware of the financial situation of the For the information professional, the value to attend which meant to her that prime seating library in relation to the possible purchase of of the acquisition of a new resource may lift was going to be at a premium. any new materials. If the rep chooses to visit the burden of having to spend extra time in Matt, Amelia and I arrived a few minutes even after learning of your financial plight, then the library researching topics that now could before the scheduled start of our session and let the meeting begin. be more easily found in this proposed new very shortly thereafter, every seat was taken The information industry salesperson has to database or technology. Perhaps the librarian by an overflow crowd. People were standing constantly make value judgments as to the wis- is stressed because the extra time spent re- in the back and by the door, not to mention a dom of planning a trip, completing that journey searching interferes with coming home each whole bunch of folks sitting on the floor. I and ultimately reporting to management on the night at a reasonable time. Having the ability knew immediately that the topic of “Nego- possible outcome of those visits to prospects to spend more quality time with the family tiation Skills for Information Professionals” and current library customers. Salespeople for the information professional because the was of great value to all Charleston Confer- (especially the successful ones) don’t just wake library purchased a significantly better database ence attendees. After all, it’s a topic that has up one morning and decide which libraries they resource constitutes a clear personal value that relevance for all librarians who interact with are going to visit that day. Their sales meet- cannot be minimized. vendors at all types of libraries. ings are always carefully planned. Visits that continued on page 45 32 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 From the Reference Desk by Tom Gilson (Associate Editor, Against the Grain, and Head of Reference Emeritus, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29401)

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Contem- by a summary of the topic including how the porary Early Childhood Education (2016, The CQ Press Guide to Urban Politics entry is organized. After this comes definitions 9781483340357, $525) is another in SAGE and Policy in the United States (2016, of principal terms and then a discussion of the Publications’ collection of specialized ed- 9781483350035, $185) is another recent topic’s relevant concepts followed by a list of ucation reference works. Edited by Donna addition to CQ Press’ respected reference further readings. Explanatory illustrations, Couchenour and J. Kent Chrisman, this guide series. It attempts to provide a balanced diagrams, star charts, and photographs are Encyclopedia is a three-volume set that approach to urban politics that includes ele- interspersed. As one might expect, among the explores key issues related to childhood ments from historical, political, economic and topics covered are stars, constellations and education from birth through eight years of environmental perspectives as well as those other celestial bodies like planets, asteroids, age, or third grade. that explore the specifics of policy, and comets. However, there is also A look at the Reader’s Guide shows governing, and service delivery. discussion of space exploration with expansive coverage of major topics ranging As one examines this single vol- essays on topics like deep space nav- from assessment to child care and from pol- ume work it becomes apparent that igation, earth-imaging satellites, and icy and advocacy to teaching and learning. editors Christine Kelleher Palus and space robotics. In addition, there are Articles also delve into subjects related to Richardson Dilworth employ the articles on related scientific processes early intervention, curriculums, and issues thorough, informed, and fact-filled like crystal spectroscopy, interstellar related to child development like cognition, approach one has come to expect from chemistry, and particle acceleration. motor skills, language and literacy, and such CQ Press guides. The volume Value added is provided by a series of social-emotional development. is divided into seven parts appendices including Nobel notes, a There are also entries that treat the made up of 44 chapters that run the glossary, a bibliography, a list of web resourc- family and social environments as gamet from coverage of cities in the es, a timeline, and a list of famous figures and well as those covering theories and early republic to the role of racial events. A general index provides access to models of practice and the impacts and ethnic politics to promoting specific subjects. of professional associations. In economic development to water and Principles of Astronomy is another well-de- addition to the nearly 425 entries, waste management. In addition, signed volume in a series that provides strong, the editors have also included ten there is coverage of specific issues basic coverage of key concepts in the primary “anchor” essays that are lengthier like sanitation, zoning, public hous- sciences. Those libraries that have found the and involve discussions of essen- ing, mass transit, and annexation other volumes in the series to be of value will tial concerns. Entries are linked and consolidation. Each chapter want to add this title to their collections as well. by “see also” references and each has a list gives the reader a solid background as well as As is true with other Salem Press titles, free of readings helpful for further exploration. rich detail regarding the issues being discussed. online access is available with a print purchase There is also an appendix that consists of There are also numerous tables and figures allowing the flexibility of placing print copy an annotated list of other useful resources. that offer relevant, supplemental information in circulating collections while relying on the Providing additional access to specific infor- as well as substantial and impressive bibliog- online version for reference. mation is a well-designed and useful general raphies that provide real value in expanding (The other titles making up the current index. Although the set is text rich, tables one’s research efforts. A full table of contents Principles of Science series include: Principles and charts are used when relevant and the along with a complete listing of illustrations of Chemistry (978-1-61925-501-2; e-ISBN: layout employs effective use of bold font and a general index lend organization to the 978-1-61925-502-9); Principles of Physics and bulleted lists to maintain visual interest. volume and provide access. (978-1-61925-946-; e-ISBN: 978-1-61925- The SAGE Encyclopedia of Contem- The CQ Press Guide to Urban Politics 947-8); and the Principles of Computer Science porary Early Childhood Education will and Policy in the United States will undoubt- (978-1-68217-139-4; e-ISBN: 978-1-68217- be a welcome entry on numerous education edly take its place on the shelf among the 140-0). Principles of Biology and Principles reference shelves. It offers thorough and other reference works in CQ Press’ series of of Physical Science are set to join the collection comprehensive coverage and is informed by standard political guides. It is informed by in 2017.) the most recent scholarship. The approach is the most recent scholarship as well as being multidisciplinary and draws from the theories well organized and reader friendly. It is one Shakespeare and Visual Culture: A Dic- and research of several related fields but main- of those works that deserves consideration for tionary (2017, 9781472568069, $165) is the tains the focus on providing a useful resource circulating collections as well. Both academic latest entry in the Arden Shakespeare Dictio- for education students, practicing teachers, libraries and larger public libraries where there naries series from Bloomsbury Publishing. and other early childhood professionals. is interest will want to consider it. Written by Armelle Sabatier who is a Senior This title is also available electronically Lecturer at the University of Paris II-Assas, on the SAGE Knowledge online platform. Principles of Astronomy (2016, 978-1- this work is a single volume reference that 61925-948-5; e-ISBN: 978-1-61925-949-2 attempts to assist readers in “re-assessing the $165) joins the other titles in Salem key role played by visual culture in Press’ Principles of Science series. Shakespeare’s drama and poetry.” With its 140 entries, it strives to pro- Visual culture is interpreted vide an understandable introduction broadly for the purposes of this ref- to the fundamentals of astronomy erence. It refers to more than paint- for upper division high school stu- ings and statues. It includes discus- dents and undergraduates. sion of artistic methods and specific Those familiar with the Princi- tools, not to mention individual col- ples of Science series will immedi- ors and jewels as well as lesser stud- ately recognize the general format ied objects like tapestries, hangings employed in this volume. Each entry starts and chimney pieces. Each entry is divided into with a list of related fields of study followed continued on page 34 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 33 understandable language. Entries 2016, 978-1-61069-229-8, $198) is From the Reference Desk also include key terms, related fields a two-volume set that “starting with from page 33 and are further supplemented with the beginning of the First Dynasty to photos, illustrations, charts, models the death of Cleopatra, … explores three sections. The first, section A, provides and diagrams…” the family life, politics, religion, the general definitions and different meanings SAGE Publications will also release some and culture of the Nile Valley from of the term as applied in Shakespeare’s time. new sets within the next few months: Aswan to the Delta, as well as the Section B discusses the way that Shakespeare peripheral areas of Nubia, the Oases, • The SAGE Encyclopedia of Out- uses the word, showing how it evolved within the Sinai, and the southern Levant. of-School Learning (April 2017, one play or showing examples of the term’s Each topical section opens with ISBN: 9781483385211, $395) is a use from different plays. Section C is akin to a an introductory essay, followed by three-volume reference that “doc- brief bibliographic essay A-Z entries on such topics as food, uments what the best research has that mentions as many fashion, housing, politics, and com- revealed about out-of-school learn- secondary and primary munity. The book features a timeline ing: what facilitates or hampers it, sources as is practical. In of events, an extensive bibliography where it takes place most effectively, addition, there is a cumu- of print and digital resources, and nu- how we can encourage it to develop lative bibliography and a merous photographs and illustrations talents and strengthen communities, useful general index. throughout…” and why it matters…” The Shakespeare and Gale is publishing a few new annuals: • The SAGE Encyclopedia of Com- Visual Culture: A Dic- • What Do I Read Next?: A Read- tionary is a highly spe- munication Research Methods (April 2017, ISBN: 9781483381435, er’s Guide to Current Genre Fic- cialized reference work tion, 2016 Edition (Dec. 2016, that will be welcomed by serious researchers $695) is a “comprehensive A-to-Z reference work exploring methods 9781410316844, $310) is an “advi- ranging from undergraduate English Literature sory guide, published twice per year, majors to advanced Shakespeare scholars. The specific to communication and media studies. Entries, authored that helps readers to independently Dictionary is steeped in informed and up-to- choose titles of interest from those date scholarship and is logically designed to by key figures in the field, focus on special considerations when ap- published in the last year. Ar- provide the most relevant information in a ranged by author within eight genre straightforward, easy to access fashion. It is plied specifically to communication research, accompanied by engaging sections, detailed entries provide another work that will be equally at home in publisher and publication date, reference and circulation collections. And one examples from the literature of communication, journalism, and names and descriptions of charac- suspects that many committed Shakespearean ters, review citations, a brief plot scholars will want personal copies. It is also media studies. Entries cover every step of the research process, from summary, listings of other books by available as a PDF eBook (9781472568069, the author as well as recommended $145.99) the creative development of research topics and questions to literature similar books by other authors and reviews, selection of best methods much more…” Extra Servings (whether quantitative, qualitative, or • Business Rankings Annual: Cumu- mixed) for analyzing research results lative Index, 2017 Edition (2017, Salem Press is adding some new titles to and publishing research findings, 9781410318367, $118) “helps li- its list including: whether in traditional media or via brarians answer reference questions • Great Events from History: Afri- new media outlets…” related to rankings information. can American History (Dec. 2016, Working from a bibliographic file ISBN: 978-1-68217-152-3; e-ISBN: New titles from ABC-CLIO/Greenwood include: … built up over the years, we have 978-1-68217-153-0, $295) is a culled thousands of items from pe- three-volume set that “provides com- • Encyclopedia of African Colonial riodicals, newspapers, financial ser- prehensive coverage of the many Conflicts (Nov. 2016, 978-1-59884- vices, directories, statistical annuals, events that define the framework of 836-6, $189) “examines the wars and other printed material. The “top African American history, including of colonial conquest fought in Af- 10” lists from each of these rankings social, cultural, and political move- rica during the 19th and early 20th are grouped under standard subject ments, and the struggles to gain free- centuries. From Britain’s efforts headings for easy browsing. Readers dom, equality and civil rights. Just to wrest control of the Sudan from can quickly locate all rankings in as the history of African Americans military leader Muhammad Ahmad which a given company, person, or has been dominated by struggles for al-Mahdi, to Italy’s decisive defeat product appears by consulting the freedom and equal rights, articles in at the Battle of Adowa in Ethiopia, comprehensive index…” Great Events from History: African to Leopold II’s brutal reign over the Belgian Congo, the work surveys the • Who’s Who in Art, 37th Edition American History emphasize key (Dec. 2016, 9780953603930, $190) events in the study of slavery, the devastation reaped upon the conti- nent by colonization and illustrates “contains biographies of over 3,800 abolitionist movement, civil rights, contemporary artists exhibiting discrimination, voting rights, and how its combative influence contin- ues to resonate in Africa today…” and/or represented in the United Supreme Court decisions.” Kingdom and Ireland as well as • Principles of Physical Science (Jan. • Chronic Diseases: An Encyclopedia leading personalities in British Con- 2017, ISBN: 978-1-68217-326-8; of Causes, Effects, and Treatments temporary Art. It is compiled from e-ISBN: 978-1-68217-327-5, $165) (Dec. 2016, 978-1-4408-0103-7, information personally provided by “provides high school and under- $189) is a “comprehensive two-vol- the individuals in the directory. In graduate researchers with a solid ume work that provides an overview addition, research for the title has foundation to begin their study of of an area of growing concern, offer- been completed with the assistance physical science. The volume begins ing readers a one-stop resource for of leading Academies, Societies, with a helpful introduction to the researching the chronic conditions Artists’ Clubs, Galleries, Art Fairs field, followed by over 100 detailed that increasingly plague our soci- and publishers of art books in the entries. Entries range from 1-5 pages ety…” UK…” in length and include a detailed over- • The World of Ancient Egypt: A view of the topic, written in clear, Daily Life Encyclopedia (Nov. 34 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Book Reviews — Monographic Musings Column Editor: Regina Gong (Open Educational Resources (OER) Project Manager/Head of Technical Services and Systems, Lansing Community College Library)

Column Editor’s Note: I can’t believe that this is the last issue of should be in the shoulders of librarians and staff no matter where they ATG for the year. As always 2016 flew by so fast and what a year this are in the organizational chart. has been. I hope this year has been a rewarding and fulfilling one for Another chapter worth highlighting is the one by Maureen Sullivan, you and here’s hoping that 2017 will be a good year for all of us. I’m former ALA president and now a strategic planning consultant and lead- happy to let you know that with the help of my awesome crew of regular ership facilitator for the ALA Leadership Institute (which I attended book reviewers, we have reviewed forty-six books in the six issues of in 2015). In this chapter, she discusses the challenges, opportunities, ATG. I hope next year, we can review more and surpass this figure. and pathways in transforming libraries. She encourages librarians to ALA Midwinter is in Atlanta this year and I’m glad to be there reframe challenges as an opportunity for growth and improvement. again. Midwinter has gotten better through the years with more Sullivan talks about crucible experiences or those that arise from within programming and events for all attendees. I’m definitely looking ourselves such as personal dilemmas that force us to confront our lead- forward to it. ership styles and biases. I like how Sullivan provides a rundown of the important works by authors such as Gallos and Bolman (Reframing As always we have a good lineup of books that we’ve reviewed in Academic Leadership) or Ron Heifetz (Adaptive Leadership) and this issue. I have one new book reviewer, Melissa Cardenas-Dow, James Kouzes and Barry Posner (The Truth About Leadership) as a who is a good friend and librarian at Chaffey College and Crafton way to stimulate the readers’ minds to explore more about the different Hills College in CA. Welcome Melissa to the ATG roster of reviewers. styles of leadership and learn from each of them. And for those of you who like to read and write opinions on what All of the chapters are well written. Some chapters may resonate they’ve read, I welcome you to try and be one of our book reviewers. more with others depending on where you are in your career. What I I’m very accommodating plus there’s a free book waiting for you. like is that every chapter contains reflections and key lessons for leaders. Happy new year and happy reading! — RG These are what you may call takeaways that the chapter authors want to highlight and maybe serve as food for thought for further explora- Bell, Steven J.,ed. Crucible Moments: Inspiring Library tion. This book is well worth the read and deserves a place in every Leadership. Santa Barbara, CA: Mission Bell Media, 2016. librarians’ bookshelf. 9780990730057, 271 pages. $39.99.

Reviewed by Regina Gong (Open Educational Resources Lankes, R. David. The New Librarianship Field Guide. Project Manager/Head of Technical Services & Systems, Lansing Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2016. 9780262529082. Community College Library) 226 pages. $22.00.

Reviewed by Ashley Fast Bailey, MLIS (Director, Collection There is no shortage of books published on leadership. However, Development and Workflow Solutions, Central US, GOBI Library in the library and information science field, there seems to be. Many Solutions from EBSCO) of the books we see on library leadership often deal with the narrative of leading, managing, mentoring, and influencing. However, the book Crucible Moments: Inspiring Library Leadership is more than The New Librarianship Field Guide, by R. David Lankes, is a that. The title itself gives us pause to think of leadership as a series manual outlining how librarians can play a vital role in their communities or accumulation of crucible moments. What this means is that in our and facilitate profound change. Lankes, Director of the University of leadership journey, we will at multiple points encounter that critical South Carolina’s School of Library & Information Science, brings moment, incident, decision, or crossroad that will define who we are the reader into a conversation on what librarianship is. This book serves as a person. Crucible moments are those trials and challenges that we as a guide to prepare librarians to be the change within their communi- battle in our everyday lives that transform us into better persons and ties. Each chapter contains a core concept in relation to librarians, the consequently, into a much better leader. library, and the community it serves. Lankes segments the work into This book, edited by Steven Bell, Associate University Librarian three main parts — Librarians, Libraries, and Excursus: From Mission for Research and Instructional Services at Temple University, hopes to to Missionary. This guide is about librarianship and these three parts highlight why librarians become leaders. Through the stories by library walk the reader through the past, present, and future of the field. leaders from libraries of all types, we learn about their journey and how Lankes begins the work in a section titled “Librarians.” In this divi- the transformative power of their own crucible moments enables them sion of the book he paints the picture of where the concept and mission to rise above and be who they are at this point in their careers. Steven of librarians began. Before there were brick and mortar libraries, there Bell needs no introduction since he is a well-known author, columnist, were librarians. The people came first. Expanding on how librarians and library leader having been a former ACRL president. He writes a have improved society over time shows how vital librarians were in not column regularly in the Library Journal where he talks about leadership, only the setting up of libraries but in the conversations that took place management, mentoring, and other thought-provoking issues that affects within communities. Through ongoing conversations, librarians have librarians. The contributors are prominent library leaders as well who facilitated knowledge creation. The role of librarians in this process is are mostly directors, deans, or department heads. critical. They assist in providing access to their community, creating en- One chapter that stands out for me is the one written by Joshua vironments where conversation and learning can take place, and helping Kim, Director of Digital Learning Initiatives at Dartmouth College. to motivate and bring together people. By building and putting in place He writes on leading non-incremental change in your library. Kim systems to service those in their communities, librarians bring about provides an outsider’s view of how to be an effective leader in a positive social change and improvements in society. In this section of rapidly changing academic library environment where the resources the book, Lankes expands on all the ways that librarians have created are scarce and yet the demand for our services are at an all-time high. change and ways the field can improve society. He makes the case for librarians to look beyond the narrow confines The second section of The New Librarianship Field Guide dives of their libraries and reframe their work in the context of the entire into the topic of libraries. Lankes defines a library and goes into details institution. The big picture view should not be reserved only for those on why it is more than just a place for books or a building taking up at the top, i.e., library directors or deans. Rather, the responsibility space. Libraries serve as so much more than a storage facility. Many and commitment for leading the change — even an incremental one, continued on page 36 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 35 there is always something that can be learned from a different type of Book Reviews library or librarian. The graphs of self-evaluation of visibility were a from page 35 little hard to read, as the number selected was simply bolded and not marked as effectively as it could have been. chapters in this section are dedicated to topics on how libraries make the While many of the librarians interviewed were from European li- world a better place because of the involvement within the community braries, the information Lawton presents is easily transferrable to other they serve. Some of these topics include the library being a platform countries and situations. for knowledge development and making the community serves a better place. Lankes goes into details on various types of libraries — academ- Following the case studies, Lawton has a chapter on how to measure ic, school, and public libraries. Each type of library serves a purpose visibility for the library and librarian and what kinds of data will con- for its community. The library as a place must reflect its community tribute to this analysis. Chapter eight is a ten-point plan for increasing and embrace a mission to enrich the community. visibility, using the acronym V-I-S-I-B-I-L-I-T-Y. This is a practical chapter that will help readers devise their own plan to raise their profile To wrap up, Lankes writes about new librarianship learning. Librar- in their organization. She rounds out the book with a solid discussion ianship is proactive. It can shape and transform the community it serves. on strategies that have worked in many situations. Librarians improve communities. They take active roles in informing those around us. He goes into details of working with current librar- For anyone who is struggling with being taken seriously in their ians in the field, practical skills, and observations from the field. The organization or fearing their position or library’s is being threatened, this observations are broken down to a chapter level with discussion points book gives actionable suggestions that should help librarians understand for each chapter, and contains a section of frequently asked questions and reveal their value to their constituents and stakeholders. The only to keep the conversation going. He wraps up with a proactive call to detractions I have for this book is that it is printed on very shiny paper his readers — this is an open-ended discussion. Librarians are part of and it is very heavy for its size, so actually reading it was a bit of a a larger community and the whole profession is a conversation. challenge for these older eyes. The New Librarianship Field Guide is not only a look at the profes- sion, but also a call to action. It reminds all librarians of their mission. Hankins, Rebecca and Miguel Juárez, eds. Where are All Lankes provides practical resources, examples, and discussion points the Librarians of Color? The Experiences of People of Color to prepare librarians for the work of bringing about far-reaching change in Academia. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2016. in their communities. Each chapter offers a core concept and practical 9781936117833. 352 pages. $45.00. applications. This book is a relevant read for a library student, a librarian currently in the field, or someone who wants to dive into a broader view of Reviewed by Melissa I. Cardenas-Dow (Adjunct Librarian at the field. It is a great guide that moves through where libraries have been, Chaffey College and Crafton Hills College) where they are going, and how we can all find our place on the journey.

Lawton, Aoife. The Invisible Librarian: a Librarian’s Guide When we think of the profession of librarianship in the United States, to Increasing Visibility and Impact. Amsterdam: Chandos we must take note that the profession is predominantly white, female, and Publishing; Elsevier, 2016. 9780081001714. 349 pages. $78.95. between the ages of 45 to 54. This is according to the 2012 update of the American Library Association’s (ALA) Diversity Counts Summary Reviewed by Leslie D. Burke (Collection Development & of Findings report (http://www.ala.org/aboutala/sites/ala.org.aboutala/ Digital Integration Librarian, Kalamazoo College Library) files/content/governance/officers/eb_documents/2012_2013ebdocu- ments/ebd12_10_diversity_counts.pdf) which listed librarianship at 87.9% white and 82.8% female. Librarians of color in academic set- tings are indeed few and far between. Rebecca Hankins and Miguel Librarians who do not like to be in the limelight will ignore this Juárez’s edited book Where Are All the Librarians of Color? The book — perhaps to their peril. Lawton’s purpose for writing this Experiences of People of Color in Academia illuminates for readers book is to help librarians of all types increase their visibility (and their the challenges faced by many of the contributing authors, all librarians corresponding value) to their organizations. Her definition of what of color, particularly in the areas of recruiting others to the profession, constitutes “visibility” appears in Chapter 7, where she says “…visibility their own retention and career advancement in academic librarianship, encompasses three things. First, whether the librarian is recognized mentoring and being mentored, and networking, especially with other by name or by reputation. Second, whether what the librarian does is librarians and archivists of color. This volume delivers the message understood. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, whether the job and that academic librarians and archivists of color have support needs that contribution of the librarian to the organization is valued. Visibility is go beyond their successful transition from student to professional, their essentially a determinant of relevance.” (p.215) initial recruitment to working in the field, and their securing professional Lawton’s introduction revisits the principles of Ranganathan, positions and working as early-career academic librarians. which are still useful today, and sets up the format of the book. Chapter Rebecca Hankins is an archivist-librarian at Texas A&M Uni- one “Step into the Shoes of a Librarian” is an interesting “choose-your- versity, where she works to build collections in the subjects of the own-adventure” presentation of scenarios that may occur in multiple Africana Studies, Race & Ethnic Studies, and Arabic language, culture, types of libraries. For each type of library/librarian, Lawton presents a and society. Miguel Juárez is a doctoral candidate at the University dire situation, and the reader can select three different courses of action of Texas at El Paso and has worked as an archivist-librarian at Texas and see what outcome their choice has given them. She offers cases A&M University. This title includes a preface from Dr. Loriene Roy, for school, academic, health sciences, public, and special librarians. professor at the University of Texas at Austin School of Information This model allows the reader to try on their possible responses and see and the 2007-2008 President of the ALA. Dr. Roy’s preface echoes what actions are most effective. It may have been easier to follow if the 2012 ALA Diversity Counts Summary of Findings report mentioned the scenario choices had been sequential instead of paging to and fro earlier and the subsequent essays in the text. She also mentions that through the chapter to get the desired answers. this book is by no means comprehensive in scope. For instance, the Chapters two through six consist of case studies, by library type, in contributed essays do not compare the diversity issues in library and which a practicing librarian is interviewed about what they do in their information studies with other disciplines and professions or provide organization and how they feel their visibility in their environment accounts of changes in the trajectory of work experiences of librarians has changed over time. How the library and the librarian fit into the of color in order to discern important points of intervention. Dr. Roy’s organization are examined in each chapter. Librarians respond to the suggestions for further research are significant ones to consider in mov- interview questions indicating what they have done to increase their ing the scholarly and practitioner literature on diversity and inclusion visibility and how effective they felt it was. Readers who want to focus in library and information studies forward. on one particular type of library could skip the other chapters, but I feel continued on page 37 36 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 NOTE: This is the version without the landing page URL

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Book Reviews Jacobson, Trudi E. and Thomas P. Mackey, editors. from page 36 Metaliteracy in Practice. Chicago, IL: ALA Neal-Schuman, 2016. 9780838913796. 256 pages. $70.00. The volume is divided into three sections: “Setting the Stage for Di- versity in the Profession,” “How Diversity Benefits the Profession,” and Reviewed by Margaret M. Kain (Reference Librarian for “Personal Diversity Stories.” All the essays tackle the issue of retention Education, University of Alabama at Birmingham Libraries) and promotion of librarians of color in academia through these three themes. The theme of “Setting the Stage for Diversity in the Profession” include essays that focus on the foundational issues of recruitment, talent development, mentoring, and networking among librarians of color. Editors, Jacobson and Mackey in this follow-up to their book Metalit- They relate strategies employed, concepts used, and analyses that discuss eracy: Reinventing Information Literacy to Empower Learners have taken the efficacy of some over others. In the section “How Diversity Benefits the discussion of metaliteracy one practical step further. Metaliteracy in the Profession,” the essays include support of the idea that diversity is Practice, provides information on in-practice metaliteracy projects that indeed a benefit. However, the essays also show the varied, difficult are being developed and implemented; demonstrating how librarians are challenges often faced by librarians of color, illustrating how the profes- moving from theory to creating comprehensive metaliteracy learning goals sional environments of archives and libraries fail to reinforce the notion and objectives in actual learning environments. The authors detail how that diversity is a value that promotes organizational and institutional they have incorporated metaliteracy into projects developed to enhance excellence. The third section, “Personal Diversity Stories,” showcase students’ ability to think critically; using a metaliteracy framework for essays that reveal the many different ways librarians of color challenge information literacy adding life to the teaching and learning environment. the dominant norms and narratives in their workplaces, as well as the This edited volume, divided into nine uniquely authored chapters, provides received wisdom that make up common case studies that take readers through real-life experiences of working understanding of diversity and equity. professionals; each presents issues relevant to the ACRL information liter- acy competency standards for higher education. Chapter one begins with All the essays in this book focus the basics, what to do when the digital content website used in a course on the experiences of library infor- drastically changes right before the beginning of the teaching term, and mation professionals in the academic how to ensure the change does not get in the way of the learning objective. setting after the initial stages of ear- This beginning shows how metaliteracy works in a flexible course design, ly-career recruitment and training. and how it impacts course preparation, effectively handling an upgrade This emphasis makes the book a to a database platform that significantly changed the platform so that all valuable contribution to the literature prior instruction information techniques are no longer valid, and demon- on diversity in the library workplace strating how-to successfully integrate the use of social media tools such as and a must-read for all interested in Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest and Facebook into the learning environment. academic librarianship. continued on page 38

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 37 to cover the category fully — for instance, “Librarians at Work” consists Book Reviews of three articles: one on Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s concept of “flow,” from page 37 one on technology anxiety in academic library staff, and one on resilience as a concept in librarianship. Continuing the discussion, authors show how students using e-portfolios An essay tying the topics in each section together and filling in the gaps as tools are empowered as creators and teachers of information. The dots would have been very welcome, but unfortunately the editors’ work was are connected between learning objectives of disciplinary writing and limited to selecting and arranging the papers and providing an introduction metaliteracy. Readers discover how students learn to explore metaliteracy to the work as a whole. Especially because their expertise is so highly in the context of library collections, using the open, collaborative nature of relevant (Gullickson-Spencer holds both an MLS and an MA in clinical institutional repositories and research guide software as opportunities to psychology, and VandeCreek is a former clinical social worker), I found become content creators and curators. A lesson in how to teach students myself wishing that the editors’ presence was more visible in the text. in middle school through high school to be empowered critical cognitive users of digital texts is provided. Exploring real-life examples of how Overall, this book reads like an issue of the non-existent scholarly jour- teaching librarians using a metaliteracy framework are able to guide nal The Psychology of Librarianship rather than like a monograph. While students to become information producers, not just information users. the quality of individual papers does vary, overall the selected pieces are Taking the 2000 ACRL Information Literacy Standards a step further is thoughtful and well-researched. As a result, I would recommend treating the focus of chapter seven. Demonstrating how multimedia exercises The Psychology of Librarianship the way you would treat a somewhat and working groups may be used to explore social media sources and relevant journal that you don’t personally receive: check out the table of online information management. Using a student based course, authors contents, but only acquire a copy if one or more of the individual articles recant how to teach digital identity and participatory culture by looking is a particular topic of interest. at the successes and challenges faced when empowering students in the development of the course, tying elements of the course to metaliteracy Holmberg, Kim. Altmetrics for Information Professionals: goals and learning objectives. Jacobsen and Mackey round out this practical metaliteracy conversation by examining metaliteracy within the Past, Present and Future. Boston, MA: Chandos Publishing, larger context of literacy itself. The need to establish agency as a basis of 2016. 9780081002735. 159 pages. $79.00. metaliteracy is discussed, exploring how the agency of networked social spaces require students to develop discrete skills that include the ability Reviewed by Susan Ponischil (Access Services Librarian, to make choices. Grace Hauenstein Library, Aquinas College) Bottom line, Metaliteracy in Practice is a wonderful resource on how to incorporate metaliteracy techniques into actual practice — what has worked, what has not worked, and how teaching strategies may be Most librarians who work in academia are familiar with the term modified to meet learning objectives. The authors of each section are at bibliometrics, a means to measure the value of research based on the the forefront of incorporating metaliteracy into their courses, providing number of associated citations. The growth of technology, both as a real-life experiences, practical tips, information about how their practice source of information and a means to gather data, has inspired new was modified, as well as “new” ways to incorporate metaliteracy into ways of thinking about the science of measurement. In Altmetrics for teaching students critical thinking tools they can use in life. Extensive Information Professionals, Kim Holmberg, a research associate in bibliographies offered at the end of each chapter, plus information about the Research Unit for the Sociology of Education at the University of the editors and authors, allow researchers seeking additional information Turku, Finland, discusses the most recent addition to the conversation. a place to start. Metaliteracy in Practice is recommended reading for He describes this as an “alternative to traditional, citation based metrics” librarians interested in further exploring metaliteracy opportunities. and says available data has “the potential to give a more nuanced view of the impact research has made and to reflect the attention from a wider audience.” Jason Priem, the information scientist who coined the term Spencer, Lynn Gullickson, Leanne VandeCreek, and H. in a 2010 tweet, in his chapter in the 2014 publication Beyond Biblio- Stephen Wright, eds. The Psychology of Librarianship. metrics, describes altmetrics as “an approach to uncovering previously Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2015. 9781634000161. unavailable traces of scholarly impact by observing activity in online 406 pages. $45.00 tools and systems.” Holmberg and Priem are both pioneers in the field, yet they represent different approaches — Holmberg as researcher and Reviewed by Emma Olmstead-Rumsey (Adult Services Priem as public outreach. Holmberg’s approach is evident here and, at Librarian at the Cromaine Library) times, seems reiterative. He has authored a number of articles and book chapters about the study of alternative metrics since successfully defending In the introduction to The Psychology of Librarianship, co-editor H. his dissertation on Webometric Network Analysis, in 2009. This book, Stephen Wright (Emeritus Professor at Northern Illinois University) however is his first. makes a strong argument for the value of studying the role of psychology In a compact 159 pages that include an extensive list of references, the in librarianship. Many of the behaviors and rules common in librarianship author provides ample context for research assessment as a whole. He are strongly driven by psychological factors, not just (as we might prefer divides the book into the past, the present, and the future. An extensive to think) by the demands of the library or other external forces. In order history of bibliometrics and other metric based systems is provided in to understand — and especially in order to change — how librarians work, the first section. The author provides ample context and methodologies it is important to understand why we work the way we do. Wright pres- for each system. There is a Venn diagram illustrating the “relationship ents The Psychology of Librarianship as one of the first books to bring between the different metrics-based research areas.” The meta category attention to the topic and puts it as “an attempt to raise awareness of the of infometrics includes bibliometrics, scientometrics, cybermetrics, we- vast and neglected element of our work and start a conversation about it.” bometrics, and altmetrics. Bibliometrics is discussed throughout the text Wright and his co-editors Lynn Gullickson Spencer (cataloger and used as the standard measure. A discussion about big data, access at North Park College and Wilmette Public Library) and Leanne to datasets and the construction of datasets, provides a snapshot into the VandeCreek (Psychology Reference Librarian at Northern Illinois mechanics and motivations behind data collection in general. The exam- University) deserve substantial credit for starting this conversation. ination of the Internet’s impact and the influence of social media provide However, the same introduction also acknowledges that The Psychology a strong foundation for the section of the book that follows. of Librarianship is of course “not the final word on the role of psychology Altmetrics is discussed primarily in the second section of the book in librarianship,” and that is unfortunately an understatement. The volume where a third definition further defines the term as “web-based metrics collects papers in four seemingly-comprehensive categories: Librarians for the impact of scholarly materials, with an emphasis on social media and Identity; Librarians at Work; Librarians, Libraries, and Users; and outlets as sources of data.” The discourse in this section includes con- Moving Forward: Action and Awareness. Unfortunately, in most cases versations around social media and scholarly communication, potential the subjects covered by the papers within each category are too specific continued on page 39 38 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Book Reviews from page 38 McFarland and critique of altmetrics, and stakeholders. The majority is devoted to identifying data sources, service providers, and impact. Segments on data sources such as ResearchGate, Mendeley and Twitter may be of interest to researchers considering entering these arenas. Interestingly, under service providers, Priem is mentioned again as co-founder of Impactstory which aligns with his approach of public outreach. Throughout the book, Holmberg’s research reveals a variety of approaches and provides a comprehensive assessment of this topic. The last section is approximately half as long as the first two sections. The author’s interest in each discovery is still evident here as he continues to focus on altmetrics’ potential. Concerns summarized in the second section, i.e., lack of stability, easy manipulation, and lack of standards, are reiterated and courses of action presented for consideration. The author makes it clear that altmetrics is not about replacing citation analysis, but supplementing it by examining available data. For those interested in the infometrics journey thus far, this is a good place to begin.

Wilkinson, Frances C. & Rebecca L. Lubas, Eds. Practical Strategies for Academic Library Managers: Leading with Vision Through All Levels. Santa Barbara, CA.: Libraries Unlimited, 2016. 9781610698900. 168 pages. $65.00.

Reviewed by Corey Seeman (Director, Kresge Library Services, Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor)

In this excellent series of essays, editors Frances Wilkinson and Rebecca Lubas provide a great primer to help academic library managers navigate through these interesting times. In a time where we might be experiencing unparalleled pressure within library to meet the expanding needs of our academic campuses, while doing so with potentially contracting resources, having a good by Elaine Harger road map is vital if a library director is to be successful. For those of us who find ourselves thrust $25 softcover (7 10) 2016 into the role of library administration these days, dusting off the textbooks we might have used for × our one “management” class in library school is not going to be that helpful. ISBN 978-0-7864-9455-2 In this excellent volume, we find essays covering a variety of fields that represent the core of Ebook 978-1-4766-2471-6 our work as library directors and managers. The essays include: communication and organiza- tional mission, library organization, human resources, finances, marketing, space, information technology, blended librarianship and collaboration. The authors hail from many of the leading academic libraries across the United States including UCLA, UNLV, MIT, Claremont Colleges, University of Oklahoma among others. Each essay is presented as an individual entity, with notes and references that provide the framework for the reader to dig deeper into the subject. As the title of the work indicates, the issues are addressed in a practical manner, which helps us find solutions along the path of what may be accomplished in our libraries. Too often, the focus of these works is about presenting “pie in the sky” solutions that have little application to our libraries. This is one of the real values of this work. I would like to focus on some essays that I found particularly useful. In Steven Mandeville-Gamble’s (UC Riverside) essay on communication and organizational vision, he provides readers with a case for using storytelling as an effective means to communicate with both internal and external audiences. And maybe this is the business librarian in me, but I love how he brings in examples from not only the library literature, but also from management literature and related social sciences. This provides a much more grounded approach that will help library administrators communicate with their staff, librarians, and community, especially as they undergo tremendous change. Mary Ellen Spencer (University of Oklahoma) and Sarah Barbara Watstein (UNC Wilm- ington) write an excellent essay on library buildings and space. The function of library space has been evolving over the past 15 years with many academic libraries reducing the footprint for print journals as these have become digital assets. The real challenges come over the next 20 years as campus appetite for space meets the perceived value (or lack therein) of book “storage” in our centrally located library buildings. For organizations such as libraries (often that are blessed with long institutional memory), maybe nothing puts our plight more bluntly than their statement “even by Alfred Kagan spaces renovated ten to fifteen years ago require a second look.” (p.78). The authors did a great $55 softcover (7 × 10) 2015 job of placing the current pressures and changes with library space in a proper context. They also list out all the pressures that we might need to respond to in an academic library and include bullet ISBN 978-0-7864-6400-5 points (Takeaways) that crystalize some of the main issues that might arise out of these particular Ebook 978-1-4766-1729-9 exercises. Susan Parker’s (UCLA) essay on library budgets is also excellent and serves as a primer on financial and accounting terms that may come in handy as you have financial conversations C ARLAND IS PUBLISHING with others at your library and university. Budgeting is an essential skill as we aspire to balance M F between the inflationary pressures of our key allocations for personnel and subscription content NEARLY 400 NEW BOOKS AND (which represent the majority of many, if not most academic libraries) and the resource constrained EBOOKS THIS YEAR. VISIT OUR environment that most of us operate in. WEBSITE FOR MORE INFORMATION I am very fond of this book and think it will be an excellent addition to the bookshelves of library . administrators. Wilkinson and Lubas have compiled a very strong collection of viewpoints that capture the demands of library administrators in these changing times. www.mcfarlandpub.com ATG Multi-Perspective Interview on Video Streaming featuring: Leandra Preston-Sidler, PhD, Associate Lecturer, Women’s and Gender Studies Program, University of Central Florida; Kiren Shoman, Editorial Director, SAGE Publishing; Michael Arthur, Department Head, Resource Acquisition & Discovery, University Libraries, The University of Alabama by Tom Gilson (Associate Editor, Against the Grain) and Katina Strauch (Editor, Against the Grain)

ATG: From your experience can you tell level, either faculty or students, and does not KS: I would say one of the biggest chal- us how library-provided video streaming ser- appear to be aligned with course requirements. lenges is that students aren’t always aware vices get used across an academic institution? Our streaming video is mostly available in of their library’s video collections (in fact, Are they primarily for classroom use? Or large collections and we have monthly data our survey revealed that only 32 percent of does individual, unprompted viewing account that easily shows trends in usage. It is easy students report searching for videos in the for most of the usage? Can you estimate to see when usage of a specific title is trend- library or on the library’s website). Our re- percentages? ing upward, and that is usually attributed to search shows that video is used and watched LP-S: I can only speak for myself as an assignment in a course or the film supports a more when it is recommended by professors, Instructor, and I have used streaming films popular initiative on campus. A review of 2016 has an absolute link to students’ independent primarily in the online classroom with a couple data from Swank, Kanopy, Alexander Street study needs, is indexed to learning outcomes exceptions in a face-to-face classroom or for a Press, and Films on Demand showed that a on courses, or will enable students to follow film screening in an educational setting. small percentage of films have usage levels procedures with success. We focused on these KS: Since launching SAGE Video in 2015, that clearly separates them from the pack. I areas when developing our video collections we’ve found that library-provided streaming think it is clear that most usage is individual, across eight disciplines in the social sciences services are well-used by faculty as a pedagog- unprompted use. and our comprehensive and cross-disciplinary ical tool for their students in the classroom or ATG: How does distance education factor methods collection, as well as the platform for setting assignments in a flipped classroom into library streaming services? through which they are delivered. We wanted model. As our video is embeddable, we see the to ensure that we are offering highly curated LP-S: For me, a thousand percent. I used material that maps disciplines and draws from highest usage of SAGE Video content when films heavily in my face-to-face teaching faculty embed the clips that they have select- faculty as both advisers and contributors. We and over the years in my online or mediated thought about the value of the audio-visual ed, reinforcing topics covered in their course classrooms but as my teaching became predom- material. At the same time, we are also seeing and different learning preferences, as well inately then exclusively online, streaming films as suitability of different content types (case strong signals that students and researchers use became essential to my teaching. video in self-guided work, wanting reliable and studies, in-the-field documentaries, tutorials, citable visual sources, or videos that improve KS: Distance education sees streaming as and expert interviews) to help students and practical skills (particularly methods skills, a prime need; the simplicity of being able to faculty find value across their spectrum of for example). For students living off-campus, access media and distribute amongst a distance needs and interests. having access to the videos they need anywhere learning community is incredibly enabling. Offering excellent metadata and indexing to and anytime is important. In fact, currently some of our highest usage ensure quick and suitable discoverability (tran- is coming from institutions with strong DE scripts, title-level MARC records, indexing in We’ve also conducted research on the use programs. of video across campus that reflects these major discovery service providers, YouTube trends. In 2014, we conducted a survey of MA: On most campuses today it is critical channel) and a highly functional platform that 1500+ students and found that 68 percent to evaluate how the resources we acquire will gives users choices and accessibility (e.g., report watching videos in their classes and 79 serve the needs of students who are not on the clipping, HTML5 playback, viewing and speed percent voluntarily watch them to enhance their campus. We need to be sure that the content choices, responsive web design, keyboard understanding of a topic, to better understand can be easily accessible, with unlimited users shortcuts) was also incredibly important for material introduced in class, to learn the steps and site wide license. We try to avoid access optimal use. necessary to do something successfully, to models that can result in authentication prob- MA: I think right now streaming video understand the practical application of a theo- lems for remote users. delivery models vary greatly so it is important retical concept, and to find a video that they can ATG: What are the unique challenges in to evaluate them closely. I was fortunate as a use during their own presentations (read more ensuring video streaming services are used in member of the SAGE Publishing Library Ad- in our 2015 white paper, “Great Expectations: the most optimal way by students and faculty? visory Board to be involved with testing many Students and Video in Higher Education”). How can those challenges best be addressed? features of the SAGE Video platform and was MA: I regularly review usage data, and LP-S: As an Instructor, I have issues with able to listen to my librarian colleagues as we have conversations with faculty, librarians and film access expiring with some programs or thoroughly reviewed the details from content video providers. My comments are based on having to renew every semester, embed codes development to purchasing models. There all of the feedback I have been getting over failing — things like that. Librarians are are so many factors when evaluating services, the past few years. Streaming video as we are extraordinarily helpful with these issues. I do purchase vs. lease, ease of integration into on- providing it today in the academic setting is a hate the reality of how much expense affects line courses, aggregator or publisher platform, recent addition to our collection strategy. Most our ability to seamlessly offer streaming to DDA vs. auto selection, packages vs. individual of the usage appears to be at the individual students and faculty across semesters. continued on page 41

40 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 LP-S: From Instructor perspective, the usage data and user feedback to help manage ATG Interview on Video Streaming accessibility of librarians and their willingness selection and procurement. from page 40 to work on behalf of faculty to attain stream- ATG: What new metadata/cataloging and ing, as Ms. Moran has done for us, has made titles, technical specifications including ease of discovery issues are associated with video streaming so much more accessible for us. The and streaming services? Are there specific use with multiple devices, licensing and fair new streaming services such as Kanopy have use, and marketing support from the provider. challenges that have to be overcome to make been TREMENDOUSLY beneficial to online video collections accessible? These can all be challenges and the best way students and faculty. LP-S: N/A to address them is to thoroughly review the KS: N/A content delivery and purchasing models from MA: N/A KS: With respect to metadata and dis- various providers, focus on the usability of the covery, a key challenge is that the process of ATG: How do publishers work with fac- platform, read and understand the licensing digitizing video does not automatically yield ulty and librarians to make sure their video agreement and establish clear guidelines and extractable information as text-based content offerings meet content and user experience policies that will help guide the library in the does. This means that metadata application needs? Are there formal processes that en- selection of streaming content. and transcription becomes a necessary part of able faculty and librarian input? What about ATG: From your observation, are there the publishing workflow to enable discovery student input? of video. specific subject areas where videos get more LP-S: I directly communicate with a use? Is there data to back up those obser- librarian who has been “assigned” to our de- Additionally, finding the most relevant vations? partment based on her research specialization section of videos in a large set of content can LP-S: N/A and interests, a new model which has led to col- be an ongoing discovery issue. Books are assumed to be chapterized, but videos are not KS: We’re learning from our own experi- laborative events, publications, and enhanced always created that way. SAGE addressed ences in content commissioning in the social use of various library materials. this issue by segmenting each video in our sciences, but certainly courses that have huge KS: Our vision at SAGE has been to create collections based on change of subject matter participation involving a diverse range of stu- much of the content within our existing collec- or natural breaks in the video. In doing so, we dents or that are regularly delivered online or in tions, building from our base as a textbook and enable users to find the most relevant segment “flipped” formats, are getting high usage. We journal publisher as well as what we’re learning of a longer video for viewing or referencing. are also struck by good usage where the aca- from other digital products such as cases and demic concepts explored are complex so that data, for instance. This has positioned us well MA: N/A the visual context enables learning. There are within networks across faculty and librarians as ATG: Speaking of accessibility, can mo- a host of courses across our subject collections we are able to directly engage with their needs. bile devices access video streaming services? that are showing these strong trends ranging The guidance of librarians, faculty mem- How does that impact costs/pricing? from communication studies to American bers, and students is thus instrumental in LP-S: I don’t know about this from my government and politics, child development shaping SAGE Video. We have faculty edi- perspective but I foresee it and hope for it and organizational behavior. torial board advisors in each discipline to help though I predict costs will keep it from being MA: A review of the usage data by title us determine the scope and content coverage accessible for TOO long. does not really indicate that certain subjects get of the collections and we have entrusted our more use than others. Usage tends to be rather library advisory boards to inform us about stu- KS: Our research has revealed that all even across several subjects with the exception dent and faculty use cases for video, the value patrons — students, faculty, or librarians of those films that appear to have been assigned of exclusivity of our content, and the library themselves — highly value being able to access or mentioned in a course. I think that the use of infrastructures required for enabling products materials via the library while on the move. streaming video for educational purposes is an to fit in the library. We have also conducted So it was absolutely necessary for us that our area that is just starting to emerge. Usage will student surveys (as previously mentioned) video collections are on a mobile-responsive continue to grow as faculty become more aware and hosted a number of student focus groups platform. Additionally, each video is encoded of the large selection of titles available to them, to work on user testing, discoverability and with multiple bit rates so that users with lower and the ease of use within online course. Usage ensuring our final products work well for our bandwidth can still stream video on the plat- can be elevated through marketing campaigns, end users. form — an extra step for us, but one we felt was a core requirement. and active involvement by subject librarians. I Often, our most active video participants think usage trends will be institution specific. are leading textbook authors who have received MA: My understanding is that most of the I have seen a few faculty embrace streaming recognition for the impact of their teaching or platforms make use of responsive design. I am video and as they share positive experiences course delivery. Incorporating videos of those sure the cost is figured into the product though with their colleagues that may drive more use. who are proven to elevate learning experiences I have never heard any discussions. I can say I am not an expert on the impact of streaming in the classroom has been vital and we’ve for sure that being included in the development video in the classroom though I have heard enabled both students and faculty to help de- phase for SAGE Video was an important from colleagues that some data is emerging termine who these people should be. opportunity for me to get insight on just how much planning goes into the process. I was that may help promote its use. MA: Publishers/content providers defi- impressed by focus on accessibility, usability, ATG: Are there any kinds of streaming nitely offer to work with faculty and librarians selection of content, and pricing models. video that you would find valuable for your with the idea of providing guidance and also campus, but you are unable to find? gaining valuable feedback. I have participated ATG: How do streaming services fit into LP-S: There have been but Carrie Moran, in many discussions with content providers, library budgets? Are there creative pricing our Women’s and Gender Studies librarian has and I know that certain publishers actively seek models that allow librarians to stretch shrink- helped us tremendously. I would like MEF out opportunities to visit campus, or conduct ing funds? Do public performance rights fit (Media Education Foundation) entire film virtual meetings with librarians, faculty and into the pricing mix? library available streaming. students. I believe, for most of these com- LP-S: N/A KS: N/A panies it is difficult to establish connections on campus. More user studies are needed. I KS: N/A MA: N/A think we will continue to move to streaming MA: I believe that streaming video is ATG: What infrastructure support is video and it will be interesting to see if there still rather new for most libraries. Libraries essential to make video streaming a success? are more studies on the impact of video in the do not necessarily have the same structure in Are there specific IT needs that have to be classroom. If such studies produce positive re- place for selection, acquisition and funding for considered? How are the additional costs sults the popularity of streaming video among this format. In my experience, thus far, most dealt with? faculty will increase, and librarians will have continued on page 42 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 41 able stronger learning — case studies, tutorials, es. While you can show streaming videos in ATG Interview on Video Streaming in-the-field or in-practice vignettes, documen- face-to-face environments, you cannot show from page 41 taries etc. Stability of video collections also non-streaming videos in online environments, matters to librarians, so we’ve ensured well so it only makes sense to move to streaming streaming video is purchased in large collec- over 60% exclusivity in SAGE Video. as the primary video mode. tions, or it is acquired through demand driven So, content fit, stability, and professional KS: We’ve seen some interesting trends or lease options. Funds are not specifically video offer, we believe, the magic formula to as video use in higher ed continues to grow. allocated for streaming video and there are not enable librarians to be confident in using their For example, ensuring disability legislation separate funds used to track streaming video. I budget on these resources. compliance; providing better tools for cus- think that could change if more faculty embrace tomization (e.g., clipping and embedding); streaming video for classroom use. That would MA: When possible it is helpful to involve allowing stronger indexing for discoverability; result in the need to provide better fund level librarian selectors and to market existing col- providing better exclusivity in product lines for tracking. My experience has been that most lections to faculty. Going back to my previous libraries, just to name a few. streaming video is purchased with one-time response, I think it is important for libraries to funds and is the result of not purchasing other decide what they are trying to accomplish with MA: Over the past few years it seems that resources including journal backfiles, or eBook streaming video. Is this part of a larger collec- the demand has risen, resulting in more pro- collections. I am not sure the point has come tion strategy, or just a means to provide access viders and more options for how the content where libraries will specifically allocate funds without any expectation of having long term is delivered and acquired. There has been an for streaming video. I think vendors should access? Leasing should always be a cheaper increase in leasing and demand driven acqui- consider multiple pricing models that allow option than purchasing (as long as the library sitions (actually more like leasing) with the for both subject collection or title-by-title pur- does not lease the same film multiple times), library often paying annually for the same film. chasing, demand driven acquisition, or leasing. and purchasing in bulk can lower the price per ATG: How do you see the future of video How libraries allocate money often has a direct film. The drawback is that often there will be streaming services evolving in academe? link to selection. Funding is used to drive what films in the collection that get little or no use. I think we want to avoid the Big Deal for stream- LP-S: Because I see the future of academe is collected and how. Right now, libraries are as increasingly media and web-based, as well making decisions about where streaming vid- ing video. I think it is important to develop a collection policy for streaming video and then as students as more media savvy/dependent eo fits in the overall collection strategy. Will and desiring instant access, I assume streaming the film have long term demand and does it to test the various models to determine the best bets for the library and university. I have been services will become the norm in the next five complement other materials in the collection to ten years. I have pushed for it and been a (collection development focus) or is the film reviewing content delivery and pricing models, and evaluating usage for a few years now. My very early adapter and even harasser to gain serving an immediate need without an expec- access for my students, as my program and tation of long term need (service focus). The belief is that more time is needed to know where things will end up regarding preferred courses are greatly enhanced by the use of answer to that question will influence the level streaming video. to which libraries develop detailed purchasing ways to select and acquire streaming video. KS: I believe the immediate future will see strategies and thus change long standing prac- ATG: Have there been any open access a significant increase in the amount of video tices related to funding and selection. efforts in the video space? How about patron driven acquisitions? used by students and faculty and that academia ATG: Given concerns about budgets, what will continue to embrace this because the medi- LP-S: I use TedTalks and YouTube as strategies would you recommend to librarians um supports a wide range of teaching, research, much as possible that ensure they select the best videos for their and learning styles. We are witnessing video institutions? KS: N/A transition from a “nice-to-have” resource to an LP-S: Talk to instructors and teaching MA: We do have a demand driven acquisi- essential part of the library’s holdings/offering. faculty to see what they need and use on a tions plan with Kanopy. It was started after my This trend will continue in the future as we regular basis. Work with publishers and let arrival at The University of Alabama in Fall see an increasing number of distance learning instructors know what is available. I usually 2015. As with most purchasing models there programs and faculty/students who rely on contact the library about videos which I am are pros and cons to demand driven purchas- video resources right alongside journal, book, often privy to thanks to publisher promotions ing for streaming video. However, we have and database content. via email and mailers. monitored the usage routinely and feel that MA: I think that eventually a few models KS: While usability is obviously a must being able to pay based on usage combined, and providers will win out. I have spoken with in building video collections, we still believe and having access to the full selection of titles people at YBP about what role they might play that content is king. We feel that our historic on the platform is a good option for our users. with helping libraries manage streaming video. and continued value as an academic publisher Demand driven acquisitions with streaming I often wonder if there would be a market for enables us to focus well on ensuring content is slightly more complicated than the model the types of services provided by YBP, only for fits with learning and research needs. As such, is for eBooks. Often the trigger results in a streaming video. There still may be something building on our current content and relation- one-year lease of the title rather than an actual like that which will come along. I also think ships with leading social scientists, we have purchase. At the end of the lease the title be- that streaming video will either succeed or not launched seven video collections in the social comes available for demand driven selection so based on faculty embracing it and making use sciences including business & management, the library could pay for the same film again in of it in the classroom. Some providers have education, politics & international relations, subsequent years. While I am not a proponent really invested in providing video collections counseling & psychotherapy, media, commu- of paying more than one time for materials with outstanding content, and well developed nication & cultural studies, psychology, and intended to be one-time resources, it can be an platforms. I think the next step is marketing most recently, research methods. In 2017, we advantage as part of a larger collection strategy directly to faculty and trying to encourage them will add criminology & criminal justice and for streaming video. to make use of the film and provide libraries sociology to our collection making for a robust ATG: What current trends have you no- with feedback. Right now I am planning for a suite of videos across social science disciplines, ticed in video streaming services? gradual increase in streaming video purchasing all of which build on decades as a social science LP-S: From a faculty perspective, I think and leaning toward demand driven acquisitions and methods publisher. folks are using and will benefit from streaming models. We also decided to map each subject to a services more and more. Largely because of discipline taxonomy, and worked to ensure the increase of online course but also because we had different types of educational video students respond to new technologies. So I attributed to the different sub-topics and learn- don’t know that it “adds” anything but I do ing objectives within each field. We devised see video streaming as more imperative than different content types to suit subjects and en- ever, particularly in the context of online class- 42 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 ATG Interviews Stephen Rhind-Tutt President, Alexander Street by Tom Gilson (Associate Editor, Against the Grain) and Katina Strauch (Editor, Against the Grain)

ATG: Just prior to ALA Annual Alexander I didn’t pull punches. I was honest. You’re difficult to license, with the best functionality Street caused quite a stir when you announced big. I don’t see you caring about staff. I don’t and the highest usage. that you were becoming a ProQuest Company. see you innovating. He could have come up No website in a discipline can be truly It surprised a lot of people. What led to your with platitudes, but he didn’t. He organized comprehensive without journals, eBooks, and decision to join ProQuest? Why ProQuest? meetings with specific staff to overcome my dissertations. Every website trying to do this Why now? concerns. He did so in an open way. He ex- must have an outbound discovery service — SR-T: Almost since Alexander Street was plained how ProQuest does take care of staff with tools that ideally are applicable across founded, we’ve been approached by companies and when I talked to staff I found them open large swathes of content, not just silos. Now, wishing to acquire us. For sixteen years, I and too and excited about where the company was with Alexander Street and ProQuest working my fellow investors said “no.” However, the headed. He gave me specific examples of together, these things are possible. market changes in the past few years made us innovation — like PQ’s new Insight Series and he talked through how I could contribute. ATG: Where does Alexander Street fit into reconsider. ProQuest’s overall strategy? The catalyst was seeing how important Simply put he overcame my objections. SR-T: Alexander Street will be the video in the academy is becoming and the I’ve worked for several large companies streaming media engine behind all of Pro- realization that we were too small to take full and I can honestly say with 120 days of expe- Quest. It will be the developer of phenomenal advantage of the trend. I could see that large rience under my belt that PQ does care about discipline-specific websites in fields like music vendors were going to enter the space, and that employees. This isn’t an attempt to curry and literature. It will innovate. It will continue we’d not be able to compete as effectively in favor with my new employers, it’s a reflection to build important niche databases that are true the future as we’d done in the past. of what I’ve seen at top level meetings in the company. (It’s not because PQ is being nice to the Alexander Street mission “to make Having started down that path, I began silent voices heard.” to see other advantages. Joining with the per se — it’s because it’s the best way to get right partner could really propel us in other the best out of people.) ATG: It sounds like this new arrangement fields, too. For example, when talking with And for the record this interview is open. will really allow you to expand your offerings. ProQuest, we imagined putting Alexander I’m speaking in the same way I would have Are there any specific new niche databases on Street’s original newsreels of Pearl Harbor before the acquisition…no-one’s dictating the drawing board at the present time? What alongside contemporaneous newspaper front what I say! can libraries look forward to from Alexander pages; linking ProQuest’s music journals to ATG: Can you tell us about the negoti- Street in the coming months? our audio tracks, so that users could listen to ations? From your perspective, what was S R-T: Lots! We’re just about to launch Alexander Street music mentioned in the text; essential to make the deal happen? What did our new Borders & Migration Studies Online, adding our contemporary, ethnically diverse you insist on? What did ProQuest insist on? we’ve just launched Caribbean Studies in writers to the content in Literature Online SR-T: The sale document runs to hundreds Video (the full Banyan archive), great new edu- (LION) and streaming Alexander Street’s the- of pages, which will give you some idea of cation oriented videos from the Association for atre-performance videos alongside; allowing how long the negotiations were! For us the Supervision and Curriculum Development and our business databases and their extensive line key thing that mattered was less the price than lots more. In 2017 expect us to launch more of business journals to enhance one another. making sure that we were “doing the right than 10 new titles. We’ll also be revamping up At Alexander Street, we’ve developed thing” for all the parties concerned. our video offerings — with new functionality, a simpler UI and new PDA features. We’ve many of our products specifically to avoid the At Alexander Street we love what we do, just signed an agreement exclusively to deliver specific subject areas and/or media offered by and all of us were extremely keen to see that feature films fromSONY-Columbia on PDA. large vendors like ProQuest, Gale, EBSCO the work we’ve done and what we’ve built and Newsbank. The results have been col- wouldn’t be wasted, but instead would live ATG: As you know the trend toward con- lections that are almost all complementary to on and grow. We’ve always felt tremendous solidation is a major concern for a number those of the bigger publishers. We’ve known gratitude towards our customers, business of people in the industry. What do you say to that faculty want comprehensive resources. partners, and employees for all the guidance those who think that that the acquisition of An acquisition would let us offer those in a and support they’ve given us over the years. Alexander Street by ProQuest has a negative better way. In business as in life, circumstances can impact on the market by restricting compe- A key concern for me was to make sure that change quickly. What Eileen Lawrence and tition? Alexander Street’s new home would provide I were looking for wasn’t a guarantee that SR-T: My strategy at Alexander Street a cultural fit. As the negotiations progressed, everything would stay the same, but that our specifically has been not to offer the same I began to see that ProQuest was such a fit; baby and now teenager would have the best solutions as companies like ProQuest. Editors many of their values were the same as ours, chance to grow into a solid, contributing adult. would come to me with ideas around newspa- such as open communication, engagement ATG: When you announced the deal you pers, journals, and eBooks, and I’d say, “No, with customers, passion for what you do, said that one of the arguments that convinced we can’t hope to provide a superior experience innovation, and ownership. you to make the deal was that ProQuest in that space. Let’s leave it to them and focus ATG: What specifically led you to believe could accelerate and expand the vision for on what we do best.” that ProQuest shared values like open com- Alexander Street. How so? What else was ProQuest’s acquisition of Alexander munication, engagement with customers, on Alexander Street’s wish list? Street will increase competition. I’m willing innovation, etc.? SR-T: Our vision at Alexander Street to bet that following the announcement, other SR-T: These values are literally written on has been to build the ultimate websites in lit- organizations have bumped up the importance the walls at ProQuest, but that’s not what con- erature, music, theatre, women’s history, and of video and are preparing to launch compet- vinced me. Before the acquisition, I expressed other fields. We want to provide access to the ing products. And here within Alexander reservations about ProQuest to Andy Snyder. best content, from all sources, no matter how continued on page 44 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 43 In music, we plan to integrate ProQuest’s ATG: Can you be specific as to what Interview — Stephen Rhind-Tutt International Index to Music Periodicals platform advantages ProQuest will provide? from page 43 (IIMP), also known as the Music Periodicals What sophisticated tools are you referring to? Database, with Alexander Street’s extensive How do you see libraries taking advantage of Street, we now have additional resources that Music Online offerings. these tools? are going to make our products much more You’ll soon see ProQuest’s Literature SR-T: ProQuest has a team that tracks competitive. Online enhanced substantially by the addition exactly how users are interacting with our da- A good parallel might be what happened of Alexander Street’s literature resources. tabases. We can see using “heat maps” where with Adam Matthew. Prior to the SAGE We’ll create a combined offering that’s much users eyes go on screen, and we track which acquisition, they were a small, albeit respected, more current, diverse, and rich than anything parts of interface are leading users to useful in- competitor to Alexander Street, Gale, and else available. formation and which are leading to dead ends. ProQuest. After SAGE’s investment, with There are many, many other benefits to That translates to award winning interfaces, the infusion of expertise and added salesforce come over time — including a unified ad- higher usage and much more functional tools. power, they’ve become a more formidable ministrative portal, better training programs, The same is true in other areas. Librarians competitive force. The net result is the most stronger video functionality in ProQuest’s can look forward to much more sophisticated thriving primary-source competitive landscape products, and more. usage statistics that show in depth how users since the heyday of microfilm. ATG: Do you have any projections as are engaging with Alexander Street content. ATG: Who is currently on the Alexander to how much usage of Alexander Street Users can look to new data mining tools that Street management team? How much au- resources will increase due to the ProQuest will allow analysis of content. And developers tonomy do you all have? How are you being acquisition? Have you seen any growth in will be able to interact with our content via integrated into the ProQuest’s organizational subscriptions due to the increased exposure APIs, so providing much richer interactions. structure? Who do you report to? you are getting in ProQuest databases? ATG: Alexander Street has been an SR-T: The management team remains SR-T: It’s only been a few days since innovator in open access with your Video as before. Key staff include Andrea East- we’ve switched on the ability to search Alex- Commons hosting service. Will that continue man-Mullins, our COO; David Parker, ander Street content from within ProQuest’s in the ProQuest era? our licensing and editorial VP; and Eileen main platform, so it’s too early to tell. We have SR-T: Absolutely! Our hosting services Lawrence, our Senior VP and indefatigable been seeing substantial growth in subscriptions continue, and now they’re free to AVON sales champion. Julie Stevens continues to and usage, but this is probably due to our re- subscribers with an upload tool and unlimited be responsible for Alexander Street in Asia cently opening our platform to external search space for local content. We’ve also embarked Pacific and Adam Gardner for Europe. engines like Google. on two other open initiatives. The freely avail- I report in to Rafael Sidi, Senior VP and ATG: How is the deal affecting current able Open Music Library (openmusiclibrary. General Manager of ProQuest Information prices? What future pricing changes should org) was launched just before the acquisition Solutions — my first boss in sixteen years! libraries anticipate? and is growing quickly. Before the end of ProQuest has been clear from the start that SR-T: The deal isn’t affecting prices at this year expect to see a major improvement they want us to continue the good work we’re all. We’re going to make decisions on future that will make it even more valuable. We’ve doing and build on it, and so the issue of au- pricing exactly as we would have done as an recently published the Ruth Benedict Papers to tonomy hasn’t yet arisen. I’m sure from time independent company. kick-start our free anthropology open archive. to time there will be questions of resources, ATG: It seems to us that price increases ATG: We know that it’s early days but can and I expect the conversations will be similar are inevitable, if not necessary, to develop, you give us a progress report on how thing to those I had before with Alexander Street’s create and deliver products that merge exist- are going? What is on your wish list for the board. ing ProQuest offerings with Alexander Street future now that Alexander Street is part of ATG: Speaking of staffing? In the recent products. What are we missing? ProQuest? past ProQuest had to let some employees go. S R-T: If Alexander Street sells more as SR-T: As you can imagine, there was a Will this affect the delivery of information to a consequence of this deal, we should be able good deal of concern internally about how your and their customers? to cover additional costs of migration. And we it would be. I’m pleased to say that by and SR-T: Not at all. Even without accounting are selling more! large things are going very well. The prob- lems that we’ve bumped into are nagging little for Alexander Street, there are more people To me the key thing about pricing is to annoyances around switching email systems, working at ProQuest now than there were a deliver services that are good value for money. coordinating different calendars, and such. The year ago. At Alexander Street specifically, It’s up to us as publishers to get our costs sorted sales reps are really enjoying collaborating with far from letting people go we’ve just hired out to be able to do that. And if we don’t then their new ProQuest colleagues, while continu- two new customer service reps to make sure we should not expect them to sell! ing to be customers’ key points of contact for we can cope with the additional traffic as a ATG: What about product development? consequence of this deal. Alexander Street products, as before. It’s all How much of a say does ProQuest have been very good. ATG: What benefits can libraries expect in what Alexander Street will bring to the from Alexander Street becoming a ProQuest marketplace? My plan is to have Alexander Street evolve and thrive as a critical part of ProQuest. company? How will it impact the delivery and SR-T: Our basic job for the past sixteen discovery of your products? How/will they be years has been to create great products. ATG: You have always been an astute integrated into the ProQuest platform? ProQuest can help us do that. For example, observer of our industry, what do you see as the future of librarianship and libraries? SR-T: Lots of benefits. Let’s start with ProQuest’s platform development team has And how do you think that future will impact usage. In the next couple of months, the created sophisticated tools far beyond what content providers like Alexander Street and thousands of users of ProQuest will be able we had at Alexander Street. ProQuest? to seamlessly access to 60,000 video titles in Over the next three years or so, I want to every search in the ProQuest platform simply build out discipline websites like Literature SR-T: I could write many pages on this! by subscribing to Academic Video Online Online and Music Online to become, quite Here’s a quick few lines… (AVON). Those who already subscribe to simply, the best resources in the field, allowing Librarians and higher education publishers AVON will find usage jump substantially, as new research and much better learning. That’s can’t succeed without each other. Together we their users are led to video resources in the what I was planning to do when we were have to provide a service to our mutual patrons same ProQuest platform search result, for the independent — but now we can integrate and that really helps them learn better, research first time. Other cross-linkages will follow, link to dissertations, eBooks, newspapers, and better and drive better results. driving up usage and value. much more from ProQuest. continued on page 45

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Interview — Stephen Rhind-Tutt Both Sides Now ... from page 44 from page 32

If I look back over the past 15 years or so I see that most of the So value is not only measured in the contents of the product/service/ big improvements in our field have been driven not by libraries or technology purchased, but also in the personal value that the purchase traditional publishers, but by organizations like Google, Facebook, represents to both parties. A significant commission payment, a possible and Wikipedia. Over the next 15 years we can do better, by focus- promotion, keeping one’s job can all be counted as values coveted by the ing harder on what our users’ needs really are. The most important sales rep. For the library person, the value in the purchase may represent of these for me is to untie the business of tenure and credentialing an upgrade to the library’s collection and reputation, recognition from the from old formats like books and journals. Websites, indices, video, Library Director acknowledging the wisdom of the librarian for the pur- software, 3D models, and countless other forms of expression are chase or just the ability to get home each night at a reasonable hour due to making definitive scholarly contributions and receiving substantial using a new resource. usage. We have to develop mechanisms to have their authors receive In 1981, the great Phil Collins released his first solo album after many academic credit. In doing so we’ll become less tied to journals and years with the group, Genesis. Most reviewers at the time called Face books, and we’ll innovate faster and more effectively. Value an honest album. ATG: Stephen, this must be an exciting but exhausting time In the world of negotiations, honesty by both sides goes hand-in-hand for you and Alexander Street. Are you able to make time to relax with understanding the value each party will derive by completing the and re-energize? What activities help you make that happen? buying and selling process in an open and forthright manner. SR-T: I just took two weeks of vacation in Greece. Costa Na- varino. Beach. Kids. Reading Ministers at War, a great monograph Mike is currently the Managing Partner of Gruenberg Consulting, that explores in depth what a tough time Churchill had keeping his LLC, a firm he founded in January 2012 after a successful career as a team in check during World War II. Visiting Olympia and seeing the original stadium and ruins. I didn’t check email. It was GREAT! senior sales executive in the information industry. His firm is devoted to provide clients with sales staff analysis, market research, executive However, towards the end, leaving the beach for the hotel room in coaching, trade show preparedness, product placement and best practices 95-degree heat with that saltwater sticky feeling one gets, I couldn’t advice for improving negotiation skills for librarians and salespeople. stop myself looking forward to engaging on those swirling issues His book, “Buying and Selling Information: A Guide for Information like open access, outbound discovery, open linked data… Professionals and Salespeople to Build Mutual Success” has become ATG: Thank you so much for taking time from what must be the definitive book on negotiation skills and is available on Amazon, a chaotic schedule to talk to us. Information Today in print and eBook, Amazon Kindle, B&N Nook, Kobo, SR-T: Thank you for interviewing me. Apple iBooks, OverDrive, 3M Cloud Library, Gale (GVRL), MyiLibrary, ebrary, EBSCO, Blio, and Chegg. www.gruenbergconsulting.com

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 45 ATG Special Report — The Charleston Library Conference Fast Pitch 2016 by Ann Okerson (CRL), Steve Goodall (Outsell, Inc.), and Katina Strauch (Against the Grain)

n November 2016, the Charleston Conference began the Fast GPS unit and a finger cuff that measures galvanic skin response (a way Pitch sessions. Fast Pitch was conceived by Ann Okerson (Senior of reading a body’s emotional reaction to its environment). These vol- IAdvisor, CRL) and supported by Steve and Jane Goodall’s Family unteers will also keep a walk journal to record any unusual experiences Foundation. In 2015, the Charleston Conference had presented sever- during the route. This combination of data will then be overlaid onto al well-received panels about startups, innovations and entrepreneurship. a campus map to find out what students were feeling and where. The For 2016, we decided to expand on those themes by actively areas on campus that have the lowest or least excited readouts encouraging creative solutions in academic libraries. will be marked as “relax zones.” We asked conference registrants to submit proposals to The RelaxMap will be distributed in the library, posted present at the Charleston FAST PITCH plenary session on our Website, and displayed on our Discovery Wall. To at the Charleston Conference. Fast Pitch was open to continue to help us better serve our constituents, we hope those in the process of developing new, innovative, and to then adapt this process for assessment of library implementable ideas to improve their academic libraries or services and post-occupancy evaluation of newly ren- related organizations. The intent is to showcase innovation in ovated spaces. library information management and to award the most deserving While the RelaxMap didn’t receive funding at the examples of innovation. Two monetary awards ($2,500 apiece) were Fast Pitch Competition, Auraria Library is still ex- offered to further support the development and implementation of cited about this project and is actively seeking alternative compelling library innovations as well as to provide a strong “vote of funding. We have expanded the reach and integration of the project confidence” from a panel of experts and fromCharleston Conference to encourage use of our new creative technology spaces, for example attendees. Participation in this process helps library entrepreneurs having our student volunteers build the devices themselves in our Make- further develop their innovations and contribute to meaningful impact. Lab or Innovation Garage. We are also collaborating with psychology In 2016, we had an amazing group of hard-charging entrepreneurs classes on campus on related applications of the project. who competed for the awards. Four finalists were selected to make a Once complete we will develop an online toolkit of process doc- ten-minute presentation to the Charleston Conference audience and umentation, code, and required hardware. This information would to the three judges — Jim O’Donnell (Arizona State University), enable other libraries to create their own biometric and environmental Anthea Stratigos (Outsell, Inc.) and Martha Whittaker (American assessment tools, as well as local RelaxMaps for their patrons. Society for Microbiology). If you want to keep up with our progress (or give us money!), please What follows are summaries from the four finalists and eight sum- contact . maries from those proposals selected for Honorable Mentions. The winners of the two $2,500 awards were Scott Warren (Judges Endnotes award) and Kate Ross (Conference attendee award). 1. American College Health Association. (Spring 2015). National We look forward to the Charleston Conference Fast Pitch com- College Health Assessment: Spring 2015 Reference Group Data Re- port. Retrieved from http://www.acha-ncha.org/docs/NCHA-II%20 petition for 2017 and know you are too! WEB_SPRING_2015_REFERENCE_GROUP_DATA_REPORT.pdf.

The Four Finalists 2) Strengthening Collections Collectively to Share Statewide — 1) RelaxMap — by Katy DiVittorio (Acquisitions Librarian, Coordinated Collection Development API Project — by Kate Ross Auraria Library) library.auraria.edu (Lavery Library, St. John Fisher College) On November 4, 2016 Katy DiVittorio from the Auraria Library The CCD (Coordinated Collection Development) API Project in Denver, Colorado pitched the RelaxMap during the first Fast Pitch is unique in supporting the shared development of collections by Competition at the Charleston Conference. real-time delivery of information needed to make purchase decisions. The RelaxMap proposal was a collaboration between Shea The project will continue development of a platform that analyzes Swauger, Head of Researcher Support Services, Jenny Filipetti, real time interlibrary loan requests, holdings, and collection building Creative and Educational Technology Manager, Sommer Browning, profiles from participating libraries, and communicates information Interim Associate Director of Technical Services, and Katy DiVittorio, between libraries in order to facilitate data-driven coordinated collection Acquisitions Librarian. development decisions. Auraria campus is home to three institutions, University of The CCD API Program is unique because the tool increases the Colorado Denver, Metropolitan State University of Denver, and communication among participating libraries without delay; enhanc- Community College of Denver, and it is located right in the middle of es the responsible growth of collections shared among participating downtown. According to the 2015 National College Health Assessment libraries where monograph budgets are shrinking; and utilizes data 33% of students indicated that stress affected their academic perfor- that already exists about user requests and collections. Striving toward mance.1 With over 51,000 students on campus, that’s a lot of stress! coordination of real-time purchasing and sharing requested materials Traditionally, libraries offer study breaks with free food or games around while maintaining fast delivery time through a shared platform is exam time, but some libraries have been more creative in attempting to unique. This project brings a sustainable approach to collection devel- reduce student stress. For example, some libraries “circulate” therapy opment where participants reduce duplication, reuse library materials, animals, or provide stationary bikes or even nap pods. The RelaxMap and leverage information that already exists in separate systems. The aims for the same outcome, a relaxed, successful student, but in a CCD platform helps partners interested in shared collections use data completely different way. to decide whether to purchase and who should buy material that is the The RelaxMap is a view of the Auraria Campus that highlights best fit for the local institution and group. calm, stress reducing areas. Students who feel overwhelmed by exams The project’s overall success will be the result of partnerships, or stressed out by final projects could refer to theRelaxMap and head to relationships, participation, and ultimately more diverse collections. the most serene locations on campus to take a breather, read quietly, med- Assessment will include the number of high-demand or unique items itate, or just relax. The RelaxMap will be created through biomapping. added to the region due to CCD API recommendations. Student volunteers will walk specific routes around campus wearing a continued on page 47 46 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 for entrepreneurial centers by tying what’s in library DNA to such centers. The Charleston Library Conference Fast Pitch 2016 This idea should be widely applicable to academic libraries supporting from page 46 entrepreneurship and Blackstone has expressed interest in scaling the idea to the nearly twenty other campuses in its network of LaunchPad During this current grant year, we will work with several libraries and sites. Because the LaunchPad utilizes sophisticated metrics, the SU focus on using the CCD API to generate purchase recommendations of Libraries may be able to connect resource use to venture starts and unique, highly-requested books and videos. We have targeted libraries demographic data, which could result in a richer understanding of how that will expand the use of the tool outside our region and outside of the Library services and collections drive successful student outcomes. As IDS Project, as well as develop workflows for real-time Coordinated a result, entrepreneurial centers within libraries is a natural win-win that Collection Development (buying at the point of ILLiad request). At strategically helps libraries develop their own capacity for innovation least two more libraries are interested in participating. and entrepreneurial, risk-taking action while benefitting students. More In the future, we hope to further develop the API and workflows about the LaunchPad can be found at http://launchpad.syr.edu/. to be used in software systems throughout New York State. We will continue to build our platform within ILLiad and other systems, as well as our approach to collaborative demand driven CCD using real-time 4) Fulcrum – Online Platform for University Presses and Li- requests and data for decision making. braries — by Charles Watkinson (University of Michigan Library) Fulcrum (http://www.fulcrum.org) is a new online platform designed 3) Syracuse University Libraries Blackstone LaunchPad Idea by university presses and libraries to publish media-rich scholarship. — by Scott Warren (Associate Dean for Research and Scholarship, Our mission is to make digital publishing safe for humanists. Our Syracuse University Libraries) and Linda Dickerson Hartsock (Exec- core values are discoverability, flexibility, and durability. Since 2015, utive Director, LaunchPad, Syracuse University Libraries) at Indiana, Minnesota, Northwestern, and Penn State to design the Syracuse University has a history of entrepreneurship which its platform. Our first publications are companion Websites for books Libraries have long supported. Now the Libraries are trying something produced by these partners, but we’re progressing to host complete new. We partnered with the Blackstone Charitable Foundation and publications and collections. For example, Fulcrum will also host Lever received a three-year grant with University Librarian David Seaman as Press (supported by over 50 liberal arts college libraries aligned with principal investigator, which put entrepreneurship inside the Libraries, at the Oberlin Group) and the ACLS Humanities Ebook Collection. the heart of academic life! A versatile 625 sq. ft. glass cube, named the To build the platform, we’re using the Hydra/Fedora open source soft- LaunchPad, was constructed on the first floor ofBird Library — the ware framework employed by many libraries to build repository tools. campus’ most visible and heavily trafficked spot. The LaunchPad is Initial development is supported by a generous three-year grant from not just a tenant, however. Rather, it is the Libraries’ service point to the Mellon Foundation and we’re partnering with Lyrasis to create a support student-focused entrepreneurship across the entire university. sustainability plan which will include a hosted version. Staffed by an executive director, Linda Dickerson Hartsock, who What problem is Fulcrum trying to solve? The problem is that comes from an economic development background, the LaunchPad is all our authors are digital scholars but lack the tools to publish their strongly integrated within the Libraries’ broader programs and services. work. The minute a professor picks up a digital camera, she starts ac- What makes Syracuse’s LaunchPad special is its location. Plac- cumulating a rich electronic archive of visual materials. She may also ing a student-focused entrepreneurial center within a library means it create audio, video, 3D models, and numerical datasets. But current becomes truly cross disciplinary and cross cultural, reaching a much digital platforms do not meet the needs of the digital scholar: A digital more diverse audience. Moreover, it can readily tap library resources humanities platform like Scalar won’t be discoverable through the including the deep expertise of subject liaisons and collections that information supply chain; a commodity eBook platform like Atypon already span disciplines. is built around a traditional conception of the book and lacks flexibility; And it’s working! More than 1,000 students have engaged with meanwhile WordPress and other DIY options have no preservation plan the LaunchPad since its April 2016 opening. They’ve taken part in for complex digital files. ideation workshops, team and mentor meetings, networking events, Unlike currently available platform solutions, Fulcrum makes rich coaching and training sessions, venture demos and product launches, media objects simultaneously discoverable, flexible, and durable. As a as well as other collaborative activities. Most come from non-business basis for discoverability, every image has a stable digital identifier and backgrounds and for many the LaunchPad is their first place to explore we’re working with supply chain partners to make sure these objects are ideation, innovation and venture development and meet other students indexed, taking advantage of the fact that the University of Michigan interested in the same. After all, there is nowhere better than a library Press already has relationships with vendors and discovery services. to bring students from many different majors together! We can be flexible because the Hydra open source community is already LaunchPad strengths include: developing many applications to support the ambitions of our authors • Campus-wide accessibility, open to students across all majors and we can repurpose these. We’re already delivering images, film, via inclusive entrepreneurship: and audio players and will soon support interactive 3D visualizations. Above all, Fulcrum is distinguished from other platforms by its com- • One-on-one mentoring that cultivates entrepreneurial thinking mitment to durability. We display rich metadata to make sure that every and problem-solving; object can be migrated forward and we use the University of Michigan • Interdisciplinary team-building that fosters a team approach Library’s distributed preservation infrastructure to ensure that we are to ideation, and utilizes collaboration as a tool for innovation good stewards of digital objects entrusted to us. Next steps include developing a print collection, beginning with What’s next with Fulcrum? We’re excited to be developing a hosted books, to be located within the LaunchPad. Titles were crowdsourced service for publishers who share our commitment to sustaining digital from faculty, providing further stewardship and engagement with the scholarship and will work with Lyrasis to roll out an attractive offer- Libraries and include books on ideation, creativity, design thinking, data ing. We don’t have the capacity or inclination for hard sell marketing science, and innovator biographies. What we are really excited about, — we’d prefer to use the power of the non-profit network that we as however, isn’t the collection itself, but the conversations and ideas the a library-based publisher are part of. And you’ll see new publications books will spark. This is collections driving a community and vice versa. with increasingly sophisticated functionality appearing from Univer- To facilitate that experience, an entrepreneurship book club will be led sity of Michigan Press, committed as we are to authors in fields like by Dickerson and Stephanie McReynolds, the Business, Management, music, theater, archaeology and natural history who are particularly and Entrepreneurship Librarian. interested in presenting multimodal publications. While we believe Building a working collection for the Syracuse University Black- that the Fulcrum platform offers Michigan and its partner publishers a stone LaunchPad further demonstrates why libraries are the best sites continued on page 48

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 47 Our project is called “Design, Build, Experience: Visual Strategies The Charleston Library Conference Fast Pitch 2016 for Infusing Next Generation Library Spaces with Next Generation from page 47 Resources.” The goal of the project is to make electronic resources “tangible” by coordinating a team of students to design and build an competitive advantage in recruiting authors, we also measure success art installation that physically represents the Claremont Colleges by how many other publishers and libraries reuse the open source code Library’s complex Web of electronic information and to help library that we’re making available through GitHub. After all, we all share users make the connection between the physical library building and an interest in helping authors in the humanities and qualitative social the digital collections it supports. This idea was inspired by the work sciences move to creating publications that fully leverage the affordances of Daniel Goods, a visual strategist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Labo- of the digital environment, and the more that other publishers can help ratory, whose mission is to communicate complex scientific concepts scholars move “beyond the container” the happier we’ll be. through site-based works of art. With the Claremont Colleges Library currently undergoing an exciting physical renovation, the art installation will be a centerpiece of The Honorable Mentions newly remodeled second floor spaces, and allow library visitors a means 1) The Charleston Conference Library Innovation Award 2016: of experiencing electronic resources in real space. Claremont Colleges Fast Pitch Competition — by Tahirah Akbar-Williams (Co-Director Library’s recent building renovation projects help to demonstrate the of the 2016 Diversity Immersion Institute, Education & Information value of the Library by engaging users in new technology-rich spaces Studies Librarian, UMD Libraries) and Cynthia Sorrell (Co-Director and by providing opportunities to collaborate and explore. We want to of the 2016 Diversity Immersion Institute, Assistant Head, Collection make sure there is a similarly clear connection between the Library’s Development / Liaison Librarian: Arabic & Persian Studies, UMD value and its digital collections. Libraries) To complete the work, the Library is collaborating with Sarah Diversity is one of the major objectives in practically every academic Gilbert, a sculptor and professor of art at Pitzer College, who has in- and business Strategic Plan. The multiplicity of people with various corporated the art installation project into her Spring 2017 course ART racial identities, cultures, sexual identities, and age groups are now more 176: Materiality, Craft, and Labor. Students will have the opportunity prevalent than ever before in our workforce. In such service-oriented to consult with collections librarians, subject specialists, and faculty organizations as libraries, whether public, academic, private or special, it across the disciplines to learn about the nature and breadth of electronic is imperative to initiate diversity programs. Such strategic and mandated resources in our collection. We will also partner with the Rick and goals help staff to address, appreciate, and interact with a plethora of Susan Sontag Center for Collaborative Creativity (also known as differences as well as commonalities in the people who are served and “The Hive”), a cross-campus center for innovation whose mission is to the various groups with whom we interact daily. support creative, experiential learning opportunities for students. We The American Library Association’s (ALA’s) document entitled are committed to documenting the project in our institutional repository, the Core Values of Librarianship, states “We value our nation’s diver- Scholarship@Claremont. sity and strive to reflect that diversity by providing a full spectrum of We are very excited about the “Design, Build, Experience” proj- resources and services to the communities we serve.” (ALA Policy ect, and the opportunities it provides students to engage deeply with Manual 53.8 [Libraries: An American Value]) electronic resources, library spaces, and complex issues of information Two African American librarians at the University of Maryland literacy in the digital age. Libraries turned that pedagogical principle into action by designing and implementing a program known as the 2016 Diversity Immersion Institute (DII). By garnering the assistance of dedicated professional 3) Section108Video.com – A Due Diligence Database for VHS colleagues and organizations based on and off campus, the DII began Preservation — by deg farrelly (Arizona State University Libraries) sessions with six volunteer graduate students from the University of Maryland iSchool. We identified several learning outcomes for the In the mid-1970s advent of the VHS format revolutionized libraries’ iSchool graduates: 1) gain a better perspective of issues regarding ability to collect and loan film. Now, collections developed during the diversity and inclusion through readings and self-reflection, 2) an op- 25+ years of the format’s dominance present an impending crisis. Con- portunity to develop and implement targeted educational programs, and servative estimates are that between 15 and 25 percent of all VHS titles 3) learn about diversity and inclusion by interacting with pre-collegiate in academic collections titles were never released in DVD or streaming African American teens, as well as librarians and faculty members of format and/or are no longer available in the marketplace. color. Our goals for our pre-collegiate African American male students Section 108 of U.S. Copyright law: 17 U.S. Code § 108 specifically were: 1) expose them to the field of librarianship, 2) teach them prac- allows libraries to make up to three digital copies of works that are lost, tical research and writing skills, and 3) provide them with first-hand damaged, stolen, deteriorating, or in an obsolete format. VHS is now experience navigating college life and culture. an obsolete format; the last VHS player, by the last VHS manufacturer, With supporting funds from the UMD Libraries and other organi- rolled off the assembly line summer 2016. VHS is also a deteriorating zations, the DII made it possible to invite eight African American high format. Research by Walter Forsberg and Eric Piil reveals that even school students and their chaperones to the campus. This experience brand new VHS tapes fail to perform to industry specifications. provided an exceptional learning experience for everyone involved — Section 108 requires libraries to engage in reasonable effort to the teenagers, the iSchool graduates, library faculty, the administration determine that an unused copy cannot be obtained at a fair price. of the UMD Libraries, and library support staff — to witness the true This due diligence represents an onerous task. Searching for meaning of diversity and inclusion. replacement copies on a title-by-title basis is detailed, tedious, and A quote from 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. time consuming. Three academic librarians (Chris Lewis, American Roosevelt, which provided hope to America during the great depression University; Jane Hutchison Surdi, William Paterson University; still rings true today, providing hope and direction for those of us who and deg farrelly, Arizona State University) developed a database seek to improve the conditions in libraries and in our world today with of titles for which due diligence has been completed. This database respect to diversity and inclusion. He said, “If civilization is to survive, is now available to other libraries as a resource to consult in their we must cultivate the science of human relationships — the ability of own preservation efforts. all peoples, of all kinds, to live together, in the same world at peace.” Section 108 Video is freely available online at www.section108video. com. The database lists more than 1600 titles for which due diligence was conducted, resulting in a determination that these titles may be 2) Design, Build, Experience: Visual Strategies for Infusing Next duplicated within the parameters of copyright law. Only titles that Generation Library Spaces with Next Generation Resources — by meet the requirement of being no longer available in the marketplace Madelynn Dickerson (Information Resources Coordinator, Claremont are included. Titles identified as being available for purchase either in Colleges Library) continued on page 49

48 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 While this project was a great pilot project, the fast pitch proposal The Charleston Library Conference Fast Pitch 2016 would have expanded the project beyond the sample size and beyond from page 48 the single library where the camera was housed. This project represents an innovative approach to assessment as well as a creative partnership hard copy or with in-perpetuity/life of file format streaming files are with the Engineering school at our institution. not included in the database. Anyone is free to view the database. Registered users may add to the database, either by generating new records for titles not already 5) CC-PLUS Fast Pitch, Fall 2016 — by Anne Osterman (VIVA included, or by tagging existing entries with their own local identifiers. Director, George Mason University) The goal of the project is, through crowd-sourcing, to continue to amass The success of library consortia in facilitating collection development a record of titles eligible for duplication within Section 108. It is hoped decisions for shared purchases depends heavily on the availability and that just as the database will reduce the need for multiple libraries to analysis of usage data. In a 2014 survey conducted by the International conduct individual due diligence, its metadata will identify titles for Coalition of Library Consortia (ICOLC), more than 40 consortia coordinated preservation of video content. around the world articulated a mission-critical need for a usage data A Charleston Conference Fast Pitch grant would have provided management system, yet solutions in this area are lacking in both funds for initial planning implementation of such a coordinated effort. availability and functionality. Documentary and educational video exists as part of the collected A number of ICOLC members (PALCI, VIVA, Jisc, Couperin, record of human knowledge and deserves as much as the printed record HKN, CRKN, CDL, and USMAI) have partnered to address this to be preserved. But time is running out! Estimates are that VHS and need by seeking funding to develop an open usage data management other analog video formats will be unplayable by 2025, due to lack of platform. The resulting partner proposal is known as CC-PLUS, or functional equipment. Consortia Collaborating on a Platform for Library Usage Statistics. Section108Video.com is but a first step in assuring the preservation Many other consortia, from 14 countries, have noted their support, and of this irreplaceable material. stand ready to participate in this critical effort. CC-PLUS will be an international, modular, open technology, proof of concept platform for the collection, display, and analysis of consortial library usage data. It 4) Using Change Detection Software to Assess Reference Usage will be adapted from software previously developed by a partnering at USC Libraries — by Caroline Muglia (Head, Resource Sharing organization (Jisc’s existing Journal Usage Statistics Portal, or JUSP, and Collection Assessment Librarian, University of Southern California) codebase) to collaboratively address community-identified usage data challenges. No open solution is currently available for consortial usage My fast pitch proposed an expansion of the small grant-funded proj- statistics, and existing commercial alternatives are too costly, potentially ect I am already engaged with at University of Southern California risky in terms of divulging competitive intelligence, and too inflexible Libraries in collaboration with the Viterbi School of Engineering to to address the wide variety of consortial needs. assess the usage of our physical reference collection. By harnessing the collective power of the consortial community, In libraries, we create and collect data related to circulation, down- the CC-PLUS tool would: provide an open usage statistics platform loads, EZ proxy, storage use, study spaces, and so much more. Even to manage data for multiple libraries simultaneously; provide consortia with the increasing sources of data, there are a lot of shadowy corners greater leverage in procuring improved vendor usage data through the in the assessment and evaluations of collections in an academic library adoption of a standard, international platform; and improve the effec- setting. In particular, the usage of physical non-circulating reference tiveness and efficiency of library consortia by decreasing time spent books represents a quandary in our assessment. USC Libraries has managing systems, allowing for greater focus on the analysis and use of a large collection of reference books including language dictionaries, usage data for practical purposes, such as vendor negotiation, collection handbooks and companions, encyclopedias, and test preparation management, and resource sharing. guides. These books line the shelves in the reading room of our This adaptation of the JUSP tool and services has the potential for flagship library and are interspersed throughout the other libraries tremendous impact across thousands of libraries worldwide, as many on main campus. consortia harvest and track usage statistics on behalf of their member My research question was simple: how often do these reference libraries. Evidence of the scalability of this project can already be found books get used? Since I could not rely on circulation data (they are in the Couperin consortium’s successful adaptation and customization non-circulating materials), and low-tech approaches seemed to provide of the JUSP software for their local needs. A successful platform would inconsistent results, I engaged the Viterbi School of Engineering at scale internationally and may result in a new consortial service orga- USC to find a more creative and accurate solution. There I paired up nization. The partners are excited about this project and are currently with a Professor of Environmental Engineering, Dr. Sam Masri, and a exploring external funding options to make the CC-PLUS tool a reality. PhD student, Preetham Manjunatha, with a focus on computer science and vision detection software. Focused on a sample of size data (one wall of books in the reading 6) The University of Tennessee Pop-Up Library Program — room of the flagship library), we mounted a small, lightweight camera by David Ownby (Acquisitions & Continuing Resource Specialist, powered by change detection software developed by my research partner, University of Tennessee, Knoxville) Preetham. The computer was connected to a server that housed images The University of Tennessee Libraries are engaged in an effort to captured every 10 seconds. With the algorithm Preetham developed, expand first year studies initiatives promoting student engagement and image 2 would be compared to image 1 to detect the changes in the research skills. Special Collections continues a collaborative instruction image. If a book was taken off the shelf, then image 2 would indicate course with the Department of English introducing undergraduates to no book where a book once was and a change would be registered. primary source research including Civil War era correspondence and Specific to assessment, this project fills in the gaps in several ways. other documents. Library Take Out is a newer program where librar- First, the data collected by the camera provides usage information that ians visit residence halls to hold sessions with students about research I was not able to glean before. Second, this is important because the services, acclimating to the academic environment, special events, and books consume valuable shelf space. With space constraints impacting more. These efforts align with UT’s strategic vision for becoming a all libraries, I can begin to make a value case about either keeping the top 25 university and the Libraries mission for serving as the Knoxville books on those shelves, or replacing them with more heavily used titles. campus’ main street. Third, many reference subjects are being duplicated in databases and However, current programming remains localized to library locations other electronic resources. The data from this project allows me to an- across campus. Library Take Out and the Pendergrass Agriculture alyze the content overlap between the reference books and the reference and Veterinary Medicine Library’s “roaming library” are the only databases subscribed to by the Libraries. current exceptions. This limits outreach efforts to students already continued on page 50 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 49 licensing, determine the best price for purchase from article vendors, and The Charleston Library Conference Fast Pitch 2016 can create user profiles and system configuration that will allow more from page 49 refined instant purchasing of research articles. This opens up another method for libraries to meet the information needs of researchers and aware of services and resources from visiting the library, participating in students and helps to ensure that content is delivered in the most seamless more structured, scheduled library instruction, or attending class-based and cost effective manner. The IDS Article Gateway fully automates sessions. Building on the concept of Library Take Out presents an resource sharing article requests and allows for automatic borrowing opportunity to grow our user audience and provide another alternative of articles from other libraries or purchasing articles from document outreach point to the undergraduate community. providers. In addition, this service also standardizes and completes The Pop-Up Library Program is designed to move some library citations to ensure that the data for the decision is accurate and that staff services and more instruction into the residence halls. A proposal time is not needed to correct request information. group of interested faculty and staff was formed in 2016 to organize Beta testing has been underway for nine months at three libraries, the program and work to implement its core components. The three with fifteen more libraries currently in production. Additional libraries core components are: will be added as implementation scheduling allows with the goal of Mobile Location: A weekly route servicing all freshmen res- having thirty libraries using IDS Article Gateway by the end of calendar idence halls where students can return circulated materials and year 2016. As more libraries adopt IDS Article Gateway, new features interact with volunteers from the Libraries faculty and staff to and functionality will be added such as Open Access filtering, expanded learn about library services and receive personal assistance. delivery configurations, and a customizable analytics dashboard. Microprogramming: A semester-long rubric of short library instruction using a modified elevator speech model. Sessions lasting 1-3 minutes are designed to establish initial contact and 8) UU (Utrecht University) Easy Access: A Browser Extension provide students with information most relevant during the — by Johan Tilstra (Lean Library) leanlibrary.org early, middle, and late semester. This will include information A few years ago, the staff at Utrecht University Library had to on tutoring centers found at the Libraries, De-Stress for Success make a difficult decision: continue with their aging home brew local activities, etc. search engine, Omega, or do what so many other libraries do these days: Liaison Coordination: During middle and late semester, volun- buy a commercial, off-the-shelf local search solution. Clearly, there teers will coordinate with assistant librarians to schedule meetings was no alternative between spending a lot of money and spending a lot with students for individual research assistance. Volunteers will of time and energy (and, thus, money again) — or was there? After also have access to a schedule of subject liaison open office extensive research into patron behavior, it became apparent that there hours to direct undergraduates wanting more detailed research is a third way: accept that more and more, patrons aren’t using the support in their subject area. An overall goal is the promotion of library as their starting point for their research activities, and draw the undergraduate research within the Libraries’ service environment. inevitable conclusion: don’t pour scarce resources into an expensive The members of the proposal group are currently refining plans for local discovery. Instead, the staff decided to 1) focus on supporting programming and reaching out to stakeholders — from both the Librar- discovery, wherever it takes place, and 2) improve the delivery of their ies’ organization and the campus community. Current goals are to submit owned or licensed materials. a formal proposal and budget request to the Libraries administration This strategic refocusing eventually led to a new and highly appreci- during 2017 with a program testbed starting in the next 1-2 academic ated service called UU Easy Access: A Browser Extension that proac- years. The group looks forward to an opportunity to share the results tively notifies users whenever they’re browsing a Website that contains of this program with its professional community in the near future. material licensed by their library. It’s in active use nowadays by a large portion of the Utrecht University population, but at the time, there was only a hunch: “What would happen if we wouldn’t ask our patrons to 7) Improving Access to Research Materials via IDS Article come over to us — to the physical desk, or to our Website – whenever Gateway — by Shannon Pritting (Library Director SUNY Polytechnic they felt they might need our services? What if we were to offer some Institute) of our services proactively, within their browsers?” Libraries of all types are struggling to maintain subscriptions as prices Various browser extensions for library services do exist (think increase while library budgets remain flat. Electronic subscriptions Zotero, LibX, Lazy Scholar), but not what we had in mind. As the occupy an ever increasing portion of budgets and prevent libraries from program manager at the time, I decided to use a methodology popular expanding services in other areas. There are few attractive options for with tech start-ups that intrinsically deal with innovative and unproven libraries which want to provide access to research materials to users in a solutions: the Lean Startup. That methodology, with its emphasis on way that is cost effective and simple. Libraries are caught between sub- user feedback, guided us through various iterations of the browser scriptions to single journals, large research collections, or article-level extension: from the very first raw sketches on paper that we discussed purchasing that is either not instant or must allow expensive access for with students and researchers over (lots of) coffee, to a working proto- everyone, which can quickly become costly. The IDS Article Gateway type that nowadays more than 3,000 patrons use on a daily basis to get platform, developed by the IDS Project (idsproject.org) and SUNY access to library licensed material. Polytechnic Institute Library, uses Resource Sharing technology and A working prototype that draws positive reactions doesn’t instanta- workflows to deliver fast or near-instant access to research material to neously constitute a robust production service. For that, there’s a lot of users in a way that involves little or no staff time and removes as many work still to be done — more than a single library might want to take barriers to user access as possible. Where resource sharing has typically on. At the same time, we realized that this browser extension might be a sought to deliver articles in 1-2 days, libraries using Article Gateway valuable addition to the services of every research and university library deliver articles either within a few minutes or a few hours. around the world that uses some kind of proxy solution for access to In the past, Resource Sharing and Interlibrary Loan have helped their e-resources. So, with the help of the Utrecht University incuba- users gain access to research material far beyond what their libraries tor, I’ve founded Lean Library: an organization that’s committed to could afford as a single institution. Going forward, resource sharing can offering library patrons worldwide easy access to licensed resources, offer many options for libraries to provide users near-instant access to while at the same time offering librarians invaluable insights into how research material in a way that is convenient yet cost effective, allowing their patrons are using those e-resources. Together with my cofounder expanded access without the need to wait a day or more for access. I’m off to a new start, and things are looking bright: we’ve only just The Article Gateway platform integrates with various Web services, started, but are already getting lots of positive feedback, from librarians providing IDS libraries with more options to access research materials around the world. while also removing the need for staff to review requests. Using IDS-developed resource sharing technology as the foundation, the IDS Article Gateway can automate verification of copyright and 50 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 LEGAL ISSUES

Section Editors: Bruce Strauch (The Citadel) Bryan M. Carson, J.D., M.I.L.S. (Western Kentucky University) Jack Montgomery (Western Kentucky University) Legally Speaking — The Long Arm of the Law, A Charleston Conference Presentation, November 5, 2016 by Bill Hannay (Partner, Schiff Hardin LLP, Chicago, IL)

An Update on the Protection Regulation, but the new rule will offerings and “pay compensatory damages to “Right to Be Forgotten” not cut back on the “right to be forgotten.” aggrieved individuals.” EU citizens will still be able to request data In September, Berkeley issued a statement As you may recall from prior “Long Arm custodians like Google to remove negative in- of the Law” presentations, the European Union that it is — in effect — between a governmental formation about individuals. But there remain rock and a fiscal hard place, unable to afford vigorously protects privacy rights. Twenty limits on it, as Viviane Reding, Vice-President years ago, the European Parliament and the the cost of restructuring the programs. It may of the European Commission and EU Justice therefore have to remove the content from the Council of Europe adopted the “EU Data Pro- Commissioner has remarked: tection Directive,” i.e., Directive 95/46/EC of public. Sadly, this is a no-win situation. 24 October 1995. It protects individuals with “The right to be forgotten is … not an And Berkeley is not alone among schools regard to the processing of “personal data” and absolute right. There are cases where that have been sued by the DOJ for ADA the movement of such data. there is a legitimate reason to keep data accessibility violations: 25 others have too. in a database. The archives of a newspa- Where will it all end? It is hard to say at this What is personal data, you may ask? It per are a good example. It is clear that is any information relating to an individual, point. Perhaps the Trump Administration will the right to be forgotten cannot amount take a different view of the situation. whether it relates to his or her private, profes- to a right to re-write or erase sional or public life. It can be anything from history. Neither must Georgia State — e-Reserve Case a name, a photo, an email address, the right to be forgot- As you may recall, Georgia State Univer- bank details, to posts on social ten take precedence sity became the target of a copyright suit for networking Websites, medical over freedom of ex- allowing professors to designate portions of information, or a computer IP pression or freedom books and periodicals to be copied by the li- address. of the media.” brary, scanned, and put on “electronic reserve” Two years ago, the European The latest controversy or compiled into “electronic course packets.” Court of Justice handed down a about the right to be forgotten is the ruling Three publishers (Cambridge University, landmark ruling that EU privacy law required of the French data protection agency (CNIL) Oxford University and Sage Publications) Google to take down (or “de-index”) negative in September 21, 2015, now on appeal to the sued, alleging that substantial portions of information about an individual citizen of French courts. There, the CNIL ruled that 6,700 works had illegally been copied and Spain, Sr. Mario Costeja. See Google v. Google must take down or “delist” results on transmitted to students for some 600 courses Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, all of its extensions, including its U.S. portal, at the school. Case C-131/12 Google.com. The ruling is not just limited to After discovery, the case proceeded to trial, On May 13, 2014, the ECJ held that Google Google’s European ones (e.g., .fr; .es; .co.uk). and in 2012, the district court largely ruled for (as an operator of a search engine) is obliged Thus, the French ruling would directly affect Georgia State, holding that it was “fair use” to remove from the list of search results any searches done in the U.S. for the university to electronically copy up to Web pages links relating to an individual if The International Federation of Library 10% of a book or even a whole chapter. Geor- such information is “irrelevant” in relation to Associations and Institutions (IFLA) is a gia State University v. Becker, 863 F. Supp. 2d the purposes for which the data was collected strong voice urging restraint in applying this 1190 (N.D. Ga. 2012) (Evans, J.). or processed and in light of the time that has privacy right. Most recently, in an October In 2014, the U.S. Court of Appeals in elapsed. 2016 letter, IFLA urged the French courts to Atlanta reversed and ordered the trial judge In short, the ECJ required a “balancing” of reverse the state agency and not to expand the to take another look, using a more nuanced the legitimate interest in access to information right beyond national borders. analysis. Cambridge Univ. Press v. Patton, and the data subject’s fundamental rights. 769 F.2d 1232 (11th Cir. 2014). Significantly, The court’s decision opened a floodgate of Can the ADA Spell the the appeals court held that the non-profit, ed- privacy requests from other EU residents. In End of MOOCs? ucational nature of the university’s use of the the past two years, Google has received a half On August 30, 2016, the U.S. Department material favored a “fair use” finding. million requests to remove information and has of Justice formally notified the University of Publishers were horrified. They look at this complied with 43.2% of them. While many California at Berkeley that it had violated sort of wholesale copying as undercutting the applaud this development, there has been some Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act entire “ecosystem” of academic publishing. fear among historians and librarians that the (ADA) by making free audio and video content They hoped for a better result on remand, but role of libraries in preserving historical records available to the public on YouTube and iTunes that did not work out for them. In March of is being impaired. and in MOOCs … but not making that content 2016, the trial court again ruled in favor of The 1995 EU Data Protection Directive accessible to the deaf and blind. The DOJ Georgia State after taking a second look. The will be replaced in 2018 by the General Data advised Berkeley that it must modify its free continued on page 52

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 51 Legally Speaking from page 51 Questions & Answers — Copyright court largely tracked the same logic as before. Where will it all end? Spurred by the ap- Column parent success of Georgia State, other colleges and universities have adopted similar eReserve Column Editor: Laura N. Gasaway (Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, and/or eCoursepacket approaches. Publishers University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Law, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; have fought back, filing similar cases against Phone: 919-962-2295; Fax: 919-962-1193) U.S. universities, including UCLA, and against www.unc.edu/~unclng/gasaway.htm foreign institutions, including York Universi- ty, Delhi University, and in New Zealand. The QUESTION: A librarian at the National tribution of copies as would occur if the library jury is still out, but the publishers have so far Library of Medicine notes that significant creates a database of digital copies requested not done well in the Indian case. changes have taken place in hospital libraries through ILL. Delhi University Photocopying Case over the past few years and asks about copy- (3) Moving these libraries out of DO- right concerns due to these changes. Today, In September, a trial court in India ruled CLINE interlibrary loan and into Loansome many hospital libraries have neither a physi- against publishers in an even more blatant case Doc is an administrative decision that NLM cal library space nor any staff with extensive of copying, one where the university worked can make, and it may be a better choice for library training. They have become bor- directly with a photocopy service to make copyright purposes. Loansome Doc allows row-only libraries, and borrow via DOCLINE hardcopy course packets for sale to students. registered users in country and abroad to send interlibrary loan. (1) Can these “libraries” See University of Oxford et al. v. Ramesh- a request to a medical library and receive full- be considered libraries for the purposes of wari Photocopy Services et al., CS(OS) No. text of a document. The ordering library may section 108? (2) Are cached and ephemeral 2439/2012, High Court of Delhi, Decision dat- charge a fee. If there are any royalties due, digital copies delivered to borrow-only librar- ed 16 September 2016. The trial judge stated: the ordering library would forward those to ies from which that library then makes copies the copyright owner. [Providing course packets], in my view, to deliver to their patrons counter to 108? (3) by no stretch of imagination, can make Should these libraries be moved away from QUESTION: A college music composition the [photocopy shop] a competitor of the DOCLINE and into Loansome Doc, more of major seeks help in determining the copyright [publishers]. Imparting of education by a document delivery system but without the status of a short poem which he wants to set the defendant … University is heavily commercial prices? to music. His grandmother found a framed subsidized with the students still being copy of the poem at a garage sale some years charged tuition fee only of Rs. 400 ANSWER: (1) While much has changed ago. The poem has no credited author; to 1,200/- per month. The students in society and in the library world, section 108 when searching the lines of the poem, there can never be expected to buy all the has changed only in minor ways. The are few results. Each result books, different portions whereof are statute does not define library, but there credits “Unknown Author.” prescribed as suggested reading and can are some criteria that have to be met Nor can the student locate never be said to be the potential custom- in order to take advantage of information about when the ers of the plaintiffs. If the facility of the of the 108 exceptions. poem was published. For photocopying were to be not available, First, any reproduction must poems of this nature, where they would instead of sitting in the be made without direct or no information can be found comforts of their respective homes and indirect commercial advan- about its origin, what are the reading from the photocopies would be tage. Second, the collection laws regarding public use? spending long hours in the library and must be open to the public or to researchers doing research ANSWER: It is certainly making notes thereof. When modern possible that the poem is in the technology is available for comfort, it in the same or a similar field. Third, repro- ductions must contain a notice of copyright. public domain, for a variety of reasons. One rea- would be unfair to say that the students son might be the age of the poem, another reason should not avail thereof and continue to From the description, there is no collection could be that the copyright owner published the study as in ancient era. No law can be that can be open to the public, so it appears that poem without notice under the 1909 Copyright interpreted so as to result in any regres- these hospital libraries do not meet one of the Act, in effect until 1978. Or the poem may have sion of the evolvement of the human criteria to take advantage of the section 108 been used so often, with no author attribution or being for the better. [Page 84] exceptions. The purpose of DOCLINE is “to copyright notice that the work has moved into Social advocates hailed the verdict, saying provide efficient document delivery service the public domain. among libraries in the National Network of the court had correctly upheld the supremacy So, the real question may be whether there of social good over private property. Students Libraries of Medicine.” So, it is reasonable to assume that if the national network defines is any risk in setting the poem to music and had rallied behind the photocopier, saying most either publishing it or performing it publicly. of the books were too expensive. those hospital libraries as libraries, then they are so. The hospital library would be covered If there is no commercial use of the poem, the The publishers plan to appeal, arguing that by section 108(g)(2), the suggestion of five, risk is very slight due to the search the student the trial court’s approach goes far beyond any for receiving copies through DOCLINE in- has conducted and the fact that the poem was reasonable interpretation of the exception in the terlibrary loan. repeatedly cited as “Unknown Author.” copyright act for educational copying. (2) Just as other libraries are not permitted QUESTION: A public librarian asks Stay tuned for next year’s updates of these about the copyright status of documents from fast-changing legal areas. to retain cached copies for a time longer than reasonable for delivery to the patron, the same the United Nations. is true of these hospital libraries. The statute ANSWER: Documents produced by the Bill Hannay is a partner in the Chicago- does not permit creation and use of a database United Nations are protected by copyright. The based law firm, Schiff Hardin LLP, and is of digital copies received via patron requests to UN Website (http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/ an Adjunct Professor of Law at IIT/Chicago- be used repeatedly. Copies received from ILL copyright/) states that permission is required Kent College of Law. He is a frequent speaker must become the property of the user and not to use, reproduce or transmit by any means at the Charleston Conference. that of the hospital library, according to section materials from its Website. There is an excep- 108(d)(2). Further, under section 108(g)(1) tion for news-related materials which may be there may be no concerted or systematic dis- continued on page 53

52 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Website to download and manage music from tration is good for only three years and must Questions & Answers a collection of more than 500,000 tracks li- then be renewed, however. All of the old paper from page 52 censed for use in company presentations. For designations of an agent expire at the end of an annual fee, the license provides the right December 2017. The difficulty for service used if credit is given and the UN is notified to use high-quality music to enhance training, providers will be remembering to renew the of the use. To request permission to use UN marketing and sales presentations and videos designation to avoid liability for copyright documents, see United Nations Publications: along with the assurance that the organization infringement by anyone using the service Rights and Permissions, https://shop.un.org/ is backed by indemnification. provider’s system. rights-permissions. QUESTION: A university librarian asks QUESTION: An archivist inquires about QUESTION: A corporate librarian asks about the new regulations for designating an whether digitizing a letter written before 1978 about creating a short video highlighting the agent under the Digital Millennium Copyright and making it available on the Web creates library’s services for its users. She wants Act. How does a university now designate any copyright concerns. to use a popular song as background music an agent? ANSWER: The short answer is yes. But in the video. How does the company obtain ANSWER: Under the DMCA, service it depends on when the letter was written, permission for using the music? providers such as colleges and universities that whether it has remained unpublished, etc. If ANSWER: There are several possibilities provide email services and host Web pages may the letter was written before 1978 and remained for obtaining permission to use music in a cor- avoid liability for infringement of copyrighted unpublished until the end of 2002, it passed porate video. First, it is important to note that materials stored on their servers in the course into the public domain then or life of the a company’s ASCAP and BMI license do not of providing the internet service, see section author plus 70 years, depending on which is cover such use. Those licenses are for public 1201 of the Copyright Act. Among other greater. If it was written before 1978 but was performance of the music only. Incorporating requirements, service providers that wish to published between then and the end of 2002, music into a video requires a synchronization take advantage of the exception are required the copyright extends until the end of 2047 or or “synch” license as well as a master use to name an agent to receive infringement com- life of the author plus 70, whichever is greater. license for use of the sound recording. plaints from copyright owners. The interim Digitizing the letter for preservation pur- An alternative is to use music covered un- regulations that were in effect required the poses is unlikely to be a problem. It is the der a Creative Commons license (see https:// filing of a form and payment of a one-time fee posting it on a Website that may be problematic creativecommons.org/about/program-areas/ to the Copyright Office. If the agent or any if the letter is still under copyright. If the letter arts-culture/arts-culture-resources/legalmusic- other information changed, the service provider is still under copyright, the archive should forvideos/ for a list of such royalty free music). was required to correct the information and request permission from the copyright owner For companies that want greater assurance, pay another fee. to post the letter on the Web. there is RightFind Music from the Copyright The new regulation substitutes electronic Clearance Center. RightFind provides a filing plus greatly reduced fees. The regis-

Optimizing Library Services — Collaborations and Partnerships for the Modern Academic Library by Brian Doherty (New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, FL 34243) Column Editors: Ann Lupold (Promotions Coordinator, IGI Global) and Lindsay Johnston (Managing Director, IGI Global)

he world of higher education is in an era of continuous change. In the past, libraries were commonly seen as the heart of the cam- Rising tuition and fees, accumulating student debt, and a pus, collecting knowledge — mostly in print formats — from outside Tperceived disconnect by the general public between a college the institution, organizing it and making it accessible to those it served. education and personal prosperity have forced colleges and universi- The purpose of the library was rarely questioned. Today, the academic ties to examine their products and change the ways they do business. library has morphed into a less centralized yet more dynamic entity. Pressured more than ever to demonstrate their impact on students and While the collection of information still occupies an important place in the broader economy, colleges and universities are now viewed through the mission of the library, the content is now packed largely in digital the lenses of multiple audiences, including consumers, politicians, and formats. With relative ease of access and abundance of content, digital employers. Fiscal challenges, competition from many sources, information has presented both challenges and opportunities and political pressures to lower cost and increase value have to the academic library. forced institutions to look long and hard at how they expend While some institutions have embraced the changes in their resources and educate students. libraries, many institutions do not see the need to invest in Like the institutions they serve, academic libraries face them. With numerous competing priorities for institutional pressures from many of the same sources, being held ac- resources, libraries are often left behind in the competition for countable to multiple constituencies. Weaver (2013) identi- funding. To meet the challenges of the 21st century, libraries fies eight challenges facing contemporary academic libraries: have become a more service-intensive organization with less changing student profiles and expectations; new methods of emphasis on their role as a repository for information. Libraries delivering curriculum and accommodating different learning styles; continue to provide access to expensive information, but they have organizational structures resulting from convergence and super-conver- less to spend on that information. Reference services persist at most gence; the need for librarians and staff to develop new knowledge and libraries, but the librarians who perform these services are challenged skills; uncertain political and economic forces; increased performance to offer new services involving digital technologies, data, and other measurement and assessment; a constant need to engage with new means of supporting teaching, learning and research. In order for the technologies and ways to communicate; and a need to develop shared modern academic library to be successful, the ability to collaborate with services to deliver services in challenging economic times. continued on page 54

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 53 Academic libraries play a critical role in the scholarly communica- Optimizing Library Services tions process, including open access. The information ecosystem has from page 53 always had libraries at its core. Now academic libraries have expanded their services to support not only access and discovery of information, internal and external partners is essential. but also the creation and dissemination of it. Libraries are taking on the Academic libraries are catalysts for partnerships and collaborations role of publisher, often in partnership with university presses. Scholarly with faculty, students, various campus departments, and external orga- publishing has come to academic libraries at an opportune moment where nizations. Libraries tend to have welcoming cultures and are willing many in academia are becoming aware of how unsustainable current to cross disciplines and service borders to create results. Whether on commercial publishing models are. the network where access and services are delivered in virtual and in- Physical spaces are a central element of libraries — part of the stantaneous fashion, or through collaborations with those whom they public exchange of ideas and personal collaboration and learning. serve — faculty and students — or other external entities, academic Library space is among the most desirable on college campuses. libraries have come to rely on partnering to effectively serve their con- With buildings that are generally open more hours than any other on stituencies. Effective collaboration can lead to more investment in the campus, libraries are naturally attractive to students. Reconceiving library by institutional administration. Compelling cases for additional existing spaces and bringing student support and technology services resources can be made based on outcomes and impacts of successful into the library has paved the way for new collaborations involving collaborations. For example, a partnership between the library and the librarians and library staff. Joint-use and shared libraries continue to writing center can lead to the development of services that improve be supported at many institutions. Sharing library services between the research and writing capabilities of students, positively impacting two or more organizations has become more sustainable with the retention and graduation rates. An investment in such a partnership development of collaborative technologies and institutional needs for could be attractive to administrators. space to learn and collaborate. Good partnerships and collaborations rely on strong and trusting Technology has been a catalyst for library collaborations for some relationships with high ethics and sustainable standards from all parties time. From the advent of computerized cataloging in the 1960s and the involved. The term “collaboration” describes working relationships development of the ILS in the 1990s, to the advent of digitized collec- characterized by a very tight affiliation with shared goals and objectives. tions and the digital humanities, libraries have discovered new ways to “Partnership” evokes a long-term and durable collaborative working partner to share resources and develop new services. relationship. In order to be successful, collaborations and partnerships Libraries no longer have the fiscal resources to afford the ever should be mutually beneficial to all participants. Because trust is at the increasing cost of collection materials. After the Great Recession of center of any successful collaborative activity, it is seldom something 2008, budgets have stagnated or decreased. Prices for scholarly journals that can be imposed upon individuals or organizations. Willingness to and other resources are rising again, and cuts in content are becoming compromise and work together for the common good are essential to common even at large research libraries. Although publishers claim all collaborations. increased value with more content and better technological platforms, Academic libraries have had a long history of collaboration and many libraries are unable to keep up with the costs. New paradigms partnerships. Kaufmann (2012) cites a number of examples, ranging for collection development have come to the fore. As digital materials from the sharing of collections in the early twentieth century through continue to overtake print resources in library collections, they bring sharing catalog cards and, later, catalog records, to partnering on digi- with them technologies that enable new collaborations among libraries tized collections and services. In the past few years, academic libraries for all collection formats. have looked within their organizations as well as outside to collaborate My two books, published by IGI Global, are targeted at academic and partner in order to serve their changing constituencies. The library librarians as well as technologists, researcher and faculty members. profession at-large has collaborated on developing shared professional The chapters focus on how libraries and librarians work with many ethics and beliefs in the form of a Code of Ethics (ALA, 2008) and the different constituencies to meet the challenges of change in the 21st Library Bill of Rights (ALA, 1996). century. There are many partnerships and collaborations that are in While the culture of libraries has always been compatible with place in academic libraries, and these books document a sampling collaboration, new paradigms in librarianship have opened the door for of them. more intensive and innovative partnerships. Kaufman (2012) states that Space and Organizational Considerations in Academic Library “although cooperation and collaboration are far from new concepts in Partnerships and Collaborations covers topics ranging from librar- academic librarianship, never before has the imperative to cooperate and ian-faculty collaborations to collaborations surrounding collections. collaborate been so clear or so urgent. With the insufficiency that derives The overall content covers: from declining resources, plunging buying power, and the enormous pressures to do more and more and more — more content, more services, • Partnerships with faculty and researchers who see the library more technology, more new ways of doing more new things — comes and librarians as legitimate partners in the research and schol- the imperative to create new types of collaborations” (p. 54). During arly processes a period of increasing fiscal challenges that face academic libraries, • Collaborative collection development and management for new service opportunities have presented themselves. The importance both print and digital resources of data in the research process has surfaced, and libraries are needed • Repurposing of space and to collaborate with faculty and other to access, manage and preserve it. The growth of digital humanities support services presents opportunities for libraries to assure that projects are described • Collaborative open access projects adequately and discoverable, embedded in sound technology that can • Collaborative events be versioned and migrated, and are properly curated into the future so • Sharing of knowledge and best practices with new paradigms that they are not lost to time. in professional development Librarians are beginning to forge relationships with faculty and • Shared and joint-use libraries researchers that places them on a more equal footing. A new paradigm Technology-Centered Academic Library Partnerships and Collabo- of faculty-librarian partnerships is evolving in light of endeavors such rations covers topics that focus on technology that facilitates working as grant compliance, digital humanities, project management, new together. The overall content covers: pedagogies, and a host of other initiatives. Historically, librarians have worked at information organization, access and retrieval. These • The deployment of technologies to collaborate with faculty activities tapped into many of the skills that are needed to support and develop other services emerging services that engage the broad information landscape of the • Facilitation of training and professional development through internet. Continuing to build on the culture of collaboration that has the use of technologies sustained librarianship for many years is essential to teaching, research • Consortia-led implementation of technologies to recover from and learning in the 21st century. natural disasters continued on page 55 54 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Little Red Herrings — A Life Now Lived by Mark Y. Herring (Dean of Library Services, Dacus Library, Winthrop University)

“Death closes all: but something ere the end, so clearly, and yet always to be grasping after it, reaching for it as it fades over the horizon Some work of noble note, may yet be done.” of our youth. Now all of this to this point must sound hile he may have lost much if not In some ways, it’s appropriate to be so depressing to some. But if you think about it all of his allure in our modern age, taken with Ulysses no matter your age. If you long enough, how can it be? All things have WTennyson’s works remain a bright remember your Homer, Ulysses is Odysseus their end, and the end should be celebrated as exhalation in my mind. I do not recall every- (in its Roman style) in that now neglected epic, much as the beginning. Ulysses sees boats thing that I have read by him, but I recall some the Odyssey. Homer marked the legendary in port, the sails folded, but he sees them not of his more famous lines from time to time, hero but Tennyson, while all so much docked as ready to especially In Memoriam, a poem I go back to but neglecting the epic, en- bloom full again. To touch the routinely. Frankly, my repastinations in his larges upon it, to any life now “happy isles,” and end his days work are always so richly rewarding I do not lived. I mentioned Tennyson’s as he began them, toiling after know why I ever put him down. famed In Memoriam earlier. that which had been placed I cannot say that I have read Tennyson re- He wrote that about a decade before him as a duty. lentlessly or even annually. But I have read him after the great loss of his dead There is always something throughout my career and have always man- friend and fellow poet, Arthur new, something to look to even aged to find something applicable to whatever Henry Hallam. But Ulysses in the twilight of one’s career, it was I was doing at that time. When I began was written while the sting and “tho’ much is taken, much my career, when I found myself at mid-career, of that loss still hung in his abides,” as Tennyson remarks. and now as I close it out in a few years. His undried sorrow. We might say that the fire still work always resonates. I have found, too, that We moderns have a strong aversion to burns even though it may flicker in the shad- when quoted, and my audience doesn’t run (or death, and even especially death talk. We don’t ow of retirement (or as Ulysses puts it, “We isn’t capable of doing so in a captive moment), like thinking about it at all, and our billion-dol- are not now that strength which in old days/ he resonates with them as well. lar industries focused on preserving youth are Moved earth and heaven”). One end is but And so, a case in point is this column, as a good case in point that the majority of us are the start of a new beginning, isn’t it? There I count down the days to my retirement in a looking for that proverbial fountain. Much in is still much to conquer, should we desire to few years. The lines at the header are from Ulysses can be read in a way that would seem pursue it. Tennyson remonstrates those who Ulysses, perhaps a lesser work but still chockful to many too depressing for a second thought, see nothing but failure and doom in endings of crackling spark that irradiates thought. As too much deathlike gloom and atrabilious with his muscular close, “to strive, to seek, to I pass now my grand climacteric, I see those doom. But I don’t see it that way as much as find, and not to yield.” two lines, coming as they do near the end of the I see it as a reflection upon what sort of life Tennyson isn’t the easiest poet to read. poem, all the more important to reflect upon, you’re building, what “epic” you are writing His syntax isn’t the way we think or write not just because I am at the close of my career, for yourself right now. or talk today. And he cannot be condensed but because they are important no matter where Earlier in the poem, Ulysses reflects on to 140 characters, though he has many lines you are in your career, its beginning, middle, his life and his excursions, “drunk [with the] that would serve as profound provocations or its end. delight of battle of my peers,” a fine phrase in whatever the context (I thought to write and not an uncommon thought of many an “profound tweets” but that seemed to mock ambitious youth. But the lines quickly strike them unreasonably). For example, the line a still finer pose: “I am part of all that I have from among so many in Locksley Hall rises met/Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough/ to view: “Knowledge comes but wisdom lin- Optimizing Library Services Gleams that untraveled world, whose margin gers.” Yet, to send Tennyson off, piecemeal from page 54 fades….” While he has surely picked up much like that in snippets, would be to show the from those around him, he also knows that the beauty of a flower, not in a full and glorious • Collaborative systems and technol- trajectory of his career has left behind, for bet- color, but one petal at a time. ogies in support of new services, ter or for worse, bits and pieces of himself. All No, I’m not arguing that everyone rush including data management and the that experience is but an arc no matter its size out to read Tennyson, though I cannot think digital humanities that creeps across the sidereal of life to those of many other authors one could do better References margins that fade from its lived existence to its by. To say that much of Tennyson’s poetry coming close. For whatever else it may mean American Library Association (2008). is melancholy would be something of an to scholars, can there be any better image of a Code of Ethics of the American Library Associ- understatement. It isn’t the cheery stuff career, long or short, robust or marginal, that ation. http://www.ala.org/advocacy/proethics/ that many favor, nor is it the revolutionary reminds us daily how short our time is, and codeofethics/codeethics lines that many modern poets bomb us with. how quickly it races to the end? “‘Life piled You’ll find little politics in him, and very little American Library Association (1996). on life” Ulysses says a bit later, as if to remind that excites the excitable. But you will find Library Bill of Rights. http://www.ala.org/ us that all this living, all these experiences, are haunting lines that will cause you to stop in advocacy/intfreedom/librarybill but faint phrases, short utterances, in the long midsentence and think long and hard about Kaufmann, P. (2012). “Let’s Get Cozy: dialog of existence that will have its full stop what you’ve read. Isn’t that what we ask of Evolving Collaborations in the 21st Century.” soon enough, its eternal period. all so-called great writers? Journal of Library Administration, 52:1, 53-69, We leave behind our work, whether noble So, if you’ve run out of things to do, grab DOI: 10.1080/01930826.2011.629962 or not, whether known or unknown; we leave it a volume of Tennyson’s poetry and read a Weaver, M. (2013). “Managing complex for others to pick up and make it better. It has few pages. He may not strike you in the same change collaboratively.” In Collaboration in been, especially for librarians, a “follow[ing] manner he does me, but I daresay he will, at Libraries and Learning Environments. Edited of knowledge like a sinking star” that Ulysses least once or twice, give you pause enough to by Maxine Melling and Margaret Weaver. later remarks upon. I love that line because it so read him all the more. London: Facet Publishing. expresses what it is to see knowledge so close,

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 55 The Scholarly Publishing Scene — PROSE Awards, Again Column Editor: Myer Kutz (President, Myer Kutz Associates, Inc.)

I’m a PROSE Awards judge again this categories, including a textbook category. I The piles of books for academics and year, as I have been for more than a dozen like Kate to send me books as she receives practitioners also give me hope, although previous years. The awards, as you probably them (and her back allows.) I receive journal these books face the same Internet onslaught know, are conducted annually under the aus- and eproduct entries (and one multi-volume that books for general readers do. Actually, pices of the Professional and Scholarly Di- reference work entry this year) electronically. the problem for high-level books might be vision (PSP) of the Association of American I wind up hefting heavy cartons of books my- even worse. The quality of what I see avail- Publishers (AAP). Publishers submit books, self throughout November, much to my lanky able for free on the Internet indicates to me journals, and electronic products (eproducts) wife’s displeasure. that a substantial number of knowledgeable in some four-dozen categories, delineated not I’ve described in past columns the proce- people might rather contribute to a high-level only by discipline (ranging through science, dure for laying out multi-volume reference scientific Wikipedia article than get involved technology, medicine, law, economics, the arts works on my garage floor (man, are they heavy) with writing, or contributing to, a book for a — including coffee-table-size art exhibition and for making piles of books separated by for-profit publisher, or even for a not-for-profit books published by university and museum category on the floor of the my office (where who nevertheless charges for books. At the presses — and the humanities), but also by type it’s much warmer than my unheated garage same time, I continue to see high-level books of book. There are monographs, single and even during sunny December days in upstate written by superstars. A couple of years ago, multi-volume reference works for commercial New York, global warming notwithstanding). there was mathematician Terence Tao; this and academic audiences, plus popular science My purpose in this column isn’t to recount year, there is astronomer/physicist Priyam- and textbook categories which were separated my judging procedures. Instead, I want to vada Natarajan. Here they are, writing from professional and scholarly book catego- say a few things about what the books that books that summarize what they’ve learned, ries some years ago because, it seemed to me are shipped to me tell me about the state of instead of authoring yet more journal papers as the judge responsible for the science and science and mathematics book publishing at that set forth their new discoveries. Frankly, mathematics categories, there was no fair and both the scholarly/professional level and for I’m amazed. rigorous way to compare books for different general readers with an interest in these often It’s not all champagne and roses. One audiences. While nearly all publishers who intellectually challenging subjects. university press accustomed to sub- submit entries specialize in professional and Let me take the popular science mitting cartons of books every year scholarly materials and textbooks, a separate and mathematics category first. As I and winning multiple awards (I category, championed by PROSE Awards mentioned above, I asked that the recall seeing the press’s direc- chair John Jenkins, was introduced recently books in this category be split tor some years ago looking for trade houses. from those that were clear- contentedly at a table where Although journals are where the money is ly written for professionals, he’d lined up his press’s many for many commercial and not-for-profit pub- whether they be in industry or award plaques) decided that lishers, and the future may lie with eproducts, in academia. The popular science and the $85 fee for each entry some of them online versions of multi-vol- mathematics books that I received this would bust their budget. And ume references works and others entirely year covered a wide range of interests. a commercial publisher, also a new departures, much of the emphasis in the As usual, there are natural science major player, failed to appoint PROSE Awards is on books. One reason for titles (covering bees and fireflies this anyone to spearhead their awards this emphasis is that there are far more book year), mathematics diversions (which effort, left it up to individual edi- entries than either journal or electronic-product may require pencil and paper aids to tors, and the number of entries is entries. The main reason is there are far fewer reading comprehension), doomsday envi- significantly lower than usual. new journals in either the humanities or in ronmental laments, short books that briskly Only a fool wouldn’t acknowledge the STM than there are new books. (In addition, explain aspects of scientific methodologies, headwinds book publishing faces. Still, I wait publishers are encouraged to new editions of books with biographical hooks (this year, with great anticipation for the books to arrive books if they differ substantially from previous another in the long line of books on Turing’s every November. Some of the high-level editions.) And given the expense and exper- role in the birth of computer science and one books I eventually see strike me as unexpected tise eproducts require, as well as how few are on the women who worked on military and and unusual, while others seem more routine. considered really innovative, the relatively low civilian space programs), at least one book that Nevertheless, all of them are infused with a number of eproduct entries is to be expected. can characterized as a how-to, and, finally, a level of quality that testifies to the care and In the judging process, when it comes down totally unexpected title (How Men Age is this effort that authors and production people put to selecting winners in the five ubercatego- year’s out-of-left-field entry). I surmise that into them. Multi-volume sets and even some ries — humanities, social sciences, physical publishers continue to bet that they can sell large single volumes are particularly notewor- sciences and mathematics, biological and life such books to audiences already soaked by the thy with regard to high quality. These books, sciences, and reference works — monographs Internet information deluge (which undoubted- as well as nearly all the others I get to judge may be pitted against textbooks, journals, ly includes a plethora of fake science sites on every year, testify to the professionalism, ex- eproducts and even trade titles. (The ultimate Facebook, but that’s another matter, I suppose). pertise, and integrity of a group of publishers, winner of the RR Hawkins Award is selected Perhaps the fame of some authors — in certain many of whom are reviled for their business from among the uberwinners,) quarters, if not in the wide world — helps sales. practices on the journals side of their houses. The deadline for entries is November 1, I don’t know the sales expectations for any of As always, things are more complicated than but books can straggle into the AAP’s New the books I get to judge, nor do I have estimates what one might think at first. York City offices after that date. Kate Ko- of how many total titles in this popular science lendo, who runs the awards program, can and mathematics category were published ship a judge’s books out as they come in or with 2016 copyrights. In any case, the pile of altogether in a single shipment, depending on a books on my office floor gives me a glimmer judge’s individual preference. I’m responsible of hope that the general-book-reading public for seven physical science and mathematics will endure, at least for a while.

56 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Straight Talk — Signs of Scientific Publishing Disruption A Look at Elsevier, the World’s Largest STM Publisher Column Editor: Dan Tonkery (President and CEO, Content Strategies, Inc., 17 W. 17th Street, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10011; Phone: 210-416-9524) www.contentstrategies.com

rofessional library literature, conferences, and blogosphere are attack, the other companies in the group make up the difference. It is filled with comments that claim the open access movement has therefore important to have a much closer look at the Elsevier unit to Pbroken the back of scientific publishing. Everyone is rejoicing determine if the company that is the main target of the OA movement that open access has gained the strength it needs to crush the traditional is showing signs of business disruption. Elsevier perhaps more than publishing model with its high subscriptions prices lurking behind the any other company has been the target of librarian revolt, researcher paywall. Per many of my library friends, the OA movement has finally boycott and about as much negative press as any company in the reached the tipping point and we are on our way to a new world where library marketplace. access is going to be free and the author pay model will put the The question is has revenue suffered? Have they lost jour- subscription model to rest. While I am not here to debate the nals? Is their subscription based business model under stress merits of Open Access, I thought it might be beneficial to test with widespread cancellations? Has the researchers’ boycott this theory that finally scientific publishing has been disrupted damaged their journal manuscript submissions? Has there and that OA has taken over and replaced the subscription based been widespread editor revolt? Are there signs of disruption model. Perhaps the best place to test this theory is to look at of any type? the world’s largest and most successful scientific publisher, the The answer to these questions is found in the financial and well-known and much criticized Elsevier who have recently key operating facts for the Elsevier unit of RELX Group. changed their corporate name to RELX Group. Once again the case for disruption has been strong from the The RELX Group is a very successful company that is library community. For ten years or more the Elsevier name comprised of Elsevier — Scientific, Medical and Technical has been a rallying cry for the OA community. What do we Publishing, the LexisNexis company now split into Risk & know about Elsevier? Business Analytics and Legal, and the Exhibitions business. In 2015, they published over 2500 journals and employed Long gone, sold off or closed are the former Reed Business Journals and 7,200 employees and served customers in 170 countries. Science Direct Educational Publishing. The RELX Group is led by Erik Engstrom is used by 12 million monthly users. Subscription revenue represents who joined the company in 2004 and the company employs over 30,000 69% of their sales with 49% of the sales coming from North America. with about 50% of the employees based in the U.S. They published 400,000 articles out of 1.3 million manuscripts submitted At first glance I would like to look at the general financial perfor- which yields an average rejection rate of 70%. mance of the RELX Group and then spend some time looking at the Some more detailed information on Elsevier including key financial Elsevier unit in more depth as this is where the signs of disruption should information. stand out. My analysis is based on a review of the annual reports from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Basically, a review of the key financial Elsevier STM Business data for the past 15 years which is perhaps the time where the group Revenue Adjusted Operating Profit has faced the strongest period of protest, lobbying effort, and outright 2000 £ 693 m £ 252 m boycott from librarians and some researchers. 2005 £ 1,436 m £ 449 m For RELX the past 15 years have been a period of growth and in- creased profitability, much of which has come from careful management. 2010 £ 2,026 m £ 724 m Having to dispose of the Reed business journals was painful as they 2015 £ 2,070 m £ 760 m waited too late to sell off a large group of advertising based journals The Elsevier STM business unit is still a vital component of the and got caught with significant properties that lost advertisers, revenue RELX Group and is still delivering a major contribution to the bottom and the downturn occurred rapidly. Along with the Reed situation came line. In 2015 the STM business unit contributed 35% of RELX Group’s the world financial meltdown in 2008 that caught many companies by revenue and 42% of the adjusted operating profit which is only a slight surprise. However, even with all the external factors and library com- change from 2010 when it contributed 46% of RELX Group’s adjusted munity pressure to change business models RELX remained profitable. operating profit. In the past few years they have spent more than a billion pounds on share buyback, and continue to have an active acquisition program. The most interesting fact is that during the last five years the Bottom line, RELX has strong cash flow from their business units and LexisNexis units have been growing at 7% per year which is faster than they are well positioned to fund development, upgrade their products the STM business and by 2015 the revenue from these two groups is and services, participate in share buy backs, and continue to acquire now grown to £3,044 with an adjusted operating profit of £ 849 which companies that they consider strategic. exceeds the contribution of the STM unit. Per revenue dollar the STM business is still more profitable but since theLexisNexis units’ revenue RELX Key Financial Indicators now exceeds the STM unit by £ 1 million pounds, LexisNexis is now Revenue Adjusted Operating Profit the profit leader and represents a sound investment by Elsevier which 2000 £3,768 m £793 m paid a $1 billion for LexisNexis a few years ago. 2005 £5,166 m £839 m So, let’s look for signs of disruption. What do the major business indicators show? Has Elsevier been shaken to its core? Are they chang- 2010 £6,055 m £1,555 Operating margin 25.7% ing their business model? Moving away from the prepaid subscription 2015 £5,971 m £1,822 Operating margin 30.5% model? Are there any signs of business collapse? The RELX Group has been delivering a modest but stable 3% First up is annual revenue. Here again we don’t see any major short- revenue growth since 2011 and perhaps more importantly they have fall or decline in revenue. I think the 3% growth rate has more to do with delivered an average adjusted operating profit of 5% a year since 2011. the health of the library marketplace than any change in business prac- The company is somehow getting more efficient each year. The past tice. From 2000-2015 we see revenue growth from £693m to £2,070m 15 years have been relatively stable and there is little evidence that the which is a strong indicator that there have been few cancellations. group has suffered any major disruption in revenue or profitability. Science Direct now accounts for nearly 60% of their revenue and their However, it is possible that as one company in the group comes under continued on page 58

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 57 published 170 OA journals which are totally author pay titles which Straight Talk produces a minuscule amount of revenue but does show that they are from page 57 willing to experiment. Elsevier continues to process a record-breaking number of manu- investments in new products and services such as Scopus and SciVerse scripts each year working with over 18,000 editors. So there appears to have proven successful revenue drivers. The past 15 years the revenue be no disruption to Elsevier’s publication program from the researcher remains solid and there are no major signs of disruption in this area. community. Their revenue from the site license program, sales of Now let’s look at the Operating margin. The entire RELX Group in Science Direct, Scopus, and SciVerse remain strong with almost 100% 2015 has an operating margin of 30.5% which is outstanding. Behind renewal rates despite the frequent name calling and calls for a change these numbers is the STM business which in 2000 had an operating in business practice from the library community. The past 15 years margin of 36.4%. There is no evidence that this level of operating Elsevier has weathered the storm of negative public opinion and over- margin has changed. For years, the Elsevier STM business has been come the researcher boycott. Elsevier continues to be the dominant a large contributor to the adjusted operating profit for the group. In STM publisher in the library marketplace. At this point in time, the 2010 Elsevier’s contribution was 46%, and by 2015 the contribution prepaid subscription model is alive and well at Elsevier and the other was 42% which is still a significant number. Based on the numbers it top 10 STM publishers. appears that Elsevier has not suffered a margin collapse and that their While OA publishing has gained, a strong following in the library publishing model is still strong, stable, and a major contributor to the community and produced a growing number of titles, there is still a profitability of theRELX Group. strong and viable market for the traditional publishing model with What about the impact of the researcher boycott in 2012? Has its strong peer review process. Most libraries still support Elsevier there been a major decline in manuscripts submitted? Once again, and other STM publishers partly perhaps because the faculty demand even though there were over 10,000 researchers who signed up to access to this material. Elsevier and other top STM publishers are not boycott Elsevier, there is little evidence that that effort hurt Elsevier’s taking the future for granted and have an active acquisitions program publication program. In 2010 before the boycott, Elsevier published to acquire companies operating in this new marketplace. The past 15 200,000 articles in some 1,500 journals and after the boycott by 2015 years of weathering the OA storm is no indication of how the next they received a record breaking 1.3 million manuscripts of which they 15 years will play out. For now, Elsevier is still making money the published 400,000 articles in 2,500 journals. From the publication old-fashioned way, managing a stable of 2,500 journals publishing output it does not appear that the boycott had any material impact on 400,000 papers a year, and enjoying an operating margin in excess Elsevier. When you consider that 70% of the manuscripts are rejected, of 30.5%. it is easy to understand why 10,000 researchers have had little impact. The number of titles continues to grow each year. By 2015 Elsevier

Random Ramblings — The Primary Advantage of Literary Scholarship Column Editor: Bob Holley (Professor Emeritus, Wayne State University, 13303 Borgman Avenue, Huntington Woods, MI 48070-1005; Phone: 248-547-0306)

remember well the morning discussion The Text as the Key Post printing press group when one of the participants started Primary Evidence texts also present diffi- making fun of medieval peasants who be- culties. Typographical errors may corrupt the I The first issue is the establishment of a lieved in angels. He said: “How could anyone author’s original manuscript. Authors may be so stupid to accept the existence of any such definitive text. The problem is most press- revise their works for later editions. Posthu- entities with so little proof?” Maybe I was in ing for texts created before the invention of mous texts depend upon the skill of the editor in a querulous mood that morning, but this state- printing. For mythic authors like Homer, the working with draft versions. To gain additional ment rubbed me the wrong way. I turned to accepted versions were most likely created by insights, scholars may study revisions to the him to ask: “Do you believe in quarks?” He consensus long after the author was dead. In author’s manuscript before initial publication replied: “Certainly, because they are backed a more contentious area, the same is true for though the digital age may destroy this scholar- by scientific findings.” My next question was: the Bible since Biblical scholars agree that the ly specialty. The issues above usually rise to a “But do you have any personal evidence that first definitive texts were created long after the level of research importance only for the most they exist?” He said: “No, I’m not a scientist presumed authors were dead. The copying of studied authors such as Shakespeare, Balz- and don’t have access to the laboratories that texts also introduced variants either through ac, Goethe, and Tolstoy. For writers of the would provide proof.” I countered: “Then mistakes or through conscious attempts to last few centuries whose works justified only you’re just like the medieval peasants because amend the text in the next copy. For example, one edition, the key text is the one published you believe your authority figures in the same scholars believe that many references to Athens version where researchers seldom attempt any way that they believed theirs.” in Homer were added by pro-Athenian scribes deep textual analysis. centuries after writing down the first text. One I recount this story to introduce my main of the fundamental tasks of literary scholars Value Added Expertise point that literary studies have the advantage of before the age of printing is thus to establish the About the Text having the primary scholarly resource available definitive “critical edition” that almost always The first level where literary scholars can so that, in many cases, anyone can have direct includes variant readings and critical notes. add value is to explicate the definitive text as access to the “evidence” to test the research This text then usually becomes the one used defined above. Serious research normally at- and possibly argue a different point of view. for future editions of the text and as the base tempts to discuss the text within the framework This general statement, of course, has many document for translations and modernizations. of the time in which it was written. Especially limitations including issues about the authen- Even when only one manuscript survives, if it is an older “classic” work, the meanings of ticity and accuracy of the text. In addition, researchers may still argue about obvious the words may have changed since the author’s the correctness of any textual interpretation errors of language and about whether the text time, may be unfamiliar local variations of the may draw upon additional knowledge from represents correctly the original thoughts of standard language, or may be intentionally de- outside resources. the author. continued on page 59 58 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 favor though it can still produce useful results. Random Ramblings Its success, however, requires access to primary from page 58 or secondary sources. In some cases, the author may have written an autobiography or kept a formed by the author. The text may also speak diary that will shed insight on the works though about events, people, places, organizations, etc. many authors have been shown to be less than where a footnote would help the average reader perfect critics of their own literary production. understand the context. For long and complex The last strategy is to place the text within works, a list of characters with a brief descrip- its cultural context. By definition, researchers tion may help the reader remember who they are. will bring their differing points of view to their A second level is to put the concepts within results. Beyond generalities, perspectives on the framework of the culture of the author or of the culture of any age or place vary enormously the time or place in which the work takes place. even within restricted areas such as the nobility This process faces the difficulty that modern in 19th century England or the working class readers don’t always read older works with the in post-industrial America. same mindset that the author and contemporary The Best readers would. To give three examples, modern Other Considerations readers often consider Dido as a heroine and My overly broad comments above have of Aeneas as an ungrateful cad in Vergil’s Aeneid focused on the study of texts by an individual when the intended message was that duty should author, but many other possibilities exist for Pharmacy triumph over love. In the early part of Milton’s literary research. Among others, the literary Paradise Lost, Satan is the hero, a trait that he researcher can compare and contrast individual In One loses later in this epic poem that many readers texts for similarities or differences, look at an don’t complete. Finally, I heard a speaker claim entire genre during certain time periods or in Collection that today’s high school students often consider a specific locality, or study themes narrowly or Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner to broadly. The success of this type of research be about preserving the environment, a concept depends in part on the identification of the that would be foreign to its original intended authors and text to include in the study since readers. On the other hand, requiring readers to a comprehensive review of all possibilities is understand the original meaning of the text may seldom possible. The ability to choose may be a useless concept if the words themselves also lead to a conscious or unconscious bias in interpreted through contemporary eyes find a selecting those texts that support the research- different new meaning even if the insight is er’s point of view. historically inaccurate. In fact, this may be one What Does This All Mean? of the strengths of great literature and occurs To return to my original point, the text is much more often in our reading that most of us the key primary source for literary research; would acknowledge. and the text in almost all cases is available to The third level for literary research is making all. I don’t have to take on faith interpretations explicit concepts in the text that are not readily based on the text since the text is almost always apparent but that can be justified by a textual available for my review. I won’t need millions analysis without recourse to outside sources. A of dollars of scientific equipment, the ability vocabulary analysis and resulting Wordle chart to manipulate large data sets, or trust that the provide graphic evidence of the author’s key author has accurately reported survey results. I concerns and focus. The literary researcher may agree that I may not have access to the non-tex- examine, for example, why a novel set in 1916 in tual components of the research such as the Europe does not include any references to World biographical and cultural insights that support War I. In other words, a good literary critic will the interpretation. I may also be duped by a discover points that enrich the text but that have “dishonest” selection of textual examples, but been overlooked by readers and other critics. I can read the texts myself if I suspect this is Value Added from External the case. In this way, the reader of the text can confront the “expert” in a way that is seldom Knowledge Applicable to the Text possible in other disciplines. Even high school Knowledge of the author’s other works students may have valid insights about the text and similar works is one of the key ways that that contradict the “experts,” especially if the a literary researcher can increase the under- work portrays their age group. 30 References standing of the text(s). For prolific authors like The second point that has more importance Shakespeare or Balzac, deep familiarity with for scholarly communication is that a reason- Over 450 Case Studies the entire literary production can be daunting; ably intelligent person with average critical and but many authors of all periods have a re- writing skills can become the world’s expert on Preceptor Central stricted number of texts. In fact, many literary a literary subject. I accomplished this for my researchers study the entire literary production doctoral work by picking an obscure literary NAPLEX of even a prolific author in general or in rela- genre, dialogues of the dead, as my dissertation tion to specific topics. Studying related works topic. Enough famous authors had written on is even more difficult. A speaker at a recent the topic to make it respectable, but a restricted Charleston Conference gave figures on the corpus and minimal prior critical attention For more information 18th century English novel with the comment allowed me to complete my dissertation in contact us at that it would take several lifetimes to read them thirteen months yet come up with new knowl- all. As a more current example, no one could edge. The number of competent authors who [email protected] ever hope to read all romance novels to write have not yet attracted serious critical attention or a study of the genre. offers almost endless possibilities for students, visit us online at Another strategy is to examine the life of faculty, and independent scholars. The same the author for clues to the meaning of the texts. is true for comparative studies and thematic pharmacylibrary.com Overall, this literary approach has fallen out of continued on page 60 15-302 Collection Management Matters — A Requiem for the Reference Collection Column Editor: Glenda Alvin (Associate Professor, Assistant Director for Collection Management and Administration, Head, Acquisitions and Serials, Brown-Daniel Library, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd., Nashville, TN 37209; Phone: 615-963-5230; Fax: 615-963-1368)

or the most part, I have single handedly I could not help but think back to my train- microfiche in the adjacent Microforms area. embarked on the weeding of our collec- ing in library school in the late seventies and After the reference books are shifted and the Ftion, since the librarians show no interest how I spent semesters in classes that taught microfiche cabinets removed, we should be in this and the faculty cannot be compelled to how to select the correct reference book: able to claim more floor space in that area. do it unless there is urgent accreditation issue “Reference and Information for the Social This will provide us with expansion of our at stake. The process has been going on for the Sciences,” “Reference and Information for computer pods or a small area designated past five years and I hope to reach the end be- the Humanities,” etc. Nowadays, there are so for Makerspace projects. The shifting of the fore I retire. I had completed the Ns and started many reference eBooks from Gale, Oxford, Reference collection will also make it more on the first row of Ps, when an errand took me Cambridge and other publishers, as well as accessible to the disabled, because now we to the reference collection and I noticed some online providers such as Credo, that students can bring books down from the very top and dusty ancient of days’ bibliographies in the Z need not stir from their carrels to find what the bottom. section. The bibliographies had not increased they need. One obvious question that arose is how much since 1997, when I took over collection Although I had noticed that the department much of the print reference collection needs development, because they were never request- had dramatically downsized its “Ready Refer- replacing? I have told the librarians that unless ed. Unable to resist the temptation, I started ence” collection, the lack of use came as quite they specifically request a title, I am done adding obsolete titles to my cart and pretty a surprise to me because over the years, I had with expensive multi-volume sets. Our online soon I was off and running on a full-court press updated and built up the reference collection. maps database did not get much usage, so I reference weeding project. Many expensive multi-volume sets had been am replacing a limited quantity of oversize At first, I thought I would get through purchased, which I soon discovered were not general atlases. Last year I had asked the quickly by just stealthily pulling off the most getting enough use to merit their high price Senior Library Assistant in Acquisitions to go egregious volumes, but there were many more tags. Newer editions of titles had been add- through the Reference Section to pull super- than I estimated. My presence in the reference ed, but they appeared to be as useless as the seded editions of standing orders, but when area became more obvious, so I decided to older editions. I got more hands on, I realized that several inform the Reference staff about my project in With the approval of the reference librar- standing order titles have information that their area. I thought one or two of them, who ians, I decided to take a more serious look at can be found in our databases. I knew to be folks that loathed tossing things the collection and weed with a heavier hand. There is no doubt that the importance of out, might put up of fuss, but no, they After I finished going through the col- the print Reference Collection is on a decline. cheered me on and wished me well! lection for the first round, I went In addition to the availability of titles in The Head of Reference said through the entire collection electronic format, the spaces that house the most of the stuff could go a second time. In addi- collection are needed to provide computer or because the students very tion to the supersed- technology access for the students. The down- seldom used it and an- ed editions problem sizing of print book budgets, which parallels other reference librari- and books in poor with the increases in electronic resources bud- an said she hardly ever condition, I found get, often means that libraries cannot afford pointed anybody to the duplicate editions, to spend money on expensive multi-volume Reference Collection. which could be sent sets that receive little use or annuals, and other to our other campus. reference works that do not have relevance I also found books that had no business being for their current patrons. The demand for in reference and should have been cataloged increased functionality of libraries, within for circulation. One major discovery was their same square footage, has meant that books that had been overlooked in our most we have to scrutinize our space allocation to Random Ramblings recent inventory, including the entire oversize maximize our services. Some libraries are from page 59 atlas collection! shelving the circulating and the reference There was quite a number of books that books together to gain more floor space for studies. The issue, however, is whether these were more than ten years old. These were new services. The Reference Section as we literary studies, whether journal articles or pulled to see if newer editions were available. use to know it is passing into library history. monographs, have enough research or commer- Many of them were not in print, so we went They will continue to be downsized and dis- cial appeal to be published in traditional outlets. to Amazon to see if there were newer titles carded, as libraries continue to transform to Self-publishing and open access publishing in the subject area that could replace them. meet the challenges of providing meaningful offer alternative outlets though these works Other books were still in print after fifteen and viable services to their stakeholders and may not count for much for faculty in the quest or more than twenty years. Some titles were communities. for tenure, promotion, and merit raises. in questionable condition, but the cost of re- To return to our medieval peasants, they placing them with one in mint condition was may have believed in angels and miracles on not a viable option. faith, but they had much more direct evidence In addition to updating the collection of their immediate environment than we do. and getting rid of shelf-sitters, damaged and We today are the people of faith, especially in obsolete books, another objective of weeding science and technology, and must trust that our the reference section was to create more floor experts are giving us an accurate view of the space for student use. At the same time that world and the universe since we can’t directly I was combing through the reference section, test much of what they have to say. the Head of Cataloging was weeding Eric

60 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Curating Collective Collections — ReCAP, Centralized Book Housing, and the Economy of Shared Collections, or, From Book Barn to Service Center by Jacob Nadal (Executive Director, ReCAP) Column Editor: Bob Kieft (688 Holly Ave., Unit 4, St. Paul, MN 55104)

Column Editor’s Note: It’s a pleasure its particular affordances are best suited to read- engaged in the shelving and circulation of to welcome Jake back to these pages, which ers’ needs. But print usage and direct stacks collections, making a like-for-like comparison carried his byline in the February 2015 issue browsing are a small share of the information difficult. (v.27#1) on a piece called “Silvaculture in the seeking and usage that now occurs. Libraries Shifting the comparison to ReCAP staff Stacks, or, Lessons From another Conser- need to reenvision the services they offer to and ARL student staffing, as in the table below, vation Movement.” Jake continues to think support reading and research across a variety is good healthy food for thought, though like creatively and hard about library collections of formats and using a variety of methods other having an apple and an orange for a snack: from the vantage of his position at ReCAP and his membership on the HathiTrust Shared Print Program as well as his ongoing in- volvement in the preservation community. He presents widely and often at conferences and is a major force in shaping the national dis- cussion about the future of library materials access. In this column, he shares thinking he has done based on the elaboration of ReCAP’s role among its member libraries, Columbia, New York Public, and Princeton, as well as among libraries more generally. He makes a case for centering the activities of such facil- than cover-to-cover reading. In the current A facility like ReCAP radically improves ities as ReCAP in the future configuration of context our library storage facilities deserve library collections services and for regarding the efficiency of all the interstitial operations a second look. required to make libraries function. Every large-scale regional book housing as integral step between the decision to acquire and the to that configuration. The argument he makes At ReCAP, we have started to make the case that such facilities as ours should not be delivery of materials to address a research is a nuanced, provocative, and powerful, need happens at a lower cost when performed user-oriented glimpse of a reordering of the viewed as off-site but rather as the center of an expanded set of library services that are at scale in a facility designed around physical spaces that constitute libraries. — BK pertinent to the largest set of research materi- objects rather than call number. This is what als. When they are understood as the hubs for we knew all along about off-site high-density ince the Harvard Depository and the collective services or the anchors of our pres- storage, though. What becomes more im- University of California Regional ervation efforts, a small number of networked, portant is what is possible when we question Library Facilities opened in the 1980s, large-scale collections management facilities, the boundary layers and points of interface S like ReCAP, could have a transformative between a facility, a library, and a user. there has been a steady increase in the number of dedicated library collection storage facili- effect on the service offerings of all libraries. Because high-density library logistics ties. They all serve an essential role in allow- The potential for this transformation is latent centers reduce the time and costs of retrieval, ing libraries to continue collecting through in any center that handles library materials they can also shorten the turn time between a the simple expedient of giving their builders as freight rather than intellectual content, of request and the initiation of services. Storing a place to put things, but their utilization as course. Making this distinction lets us apply the content of ReCAP in conventional library a sort of second-class stacks needs reconsid- the best operating methodology to the largest shelving would involve about 60 miles of eration. Changing the way we think about portion of the library materials life-cycle: the stacks, enough to line the turnpike, roads, and this infrastructure gives us an opportunity to time between its acquisition by the library and tunnels from ReCAP to Columbia University. leverage the affordances of this infrastructure use by a reader. The benefits of this approach Unless you serve a user population of marathon to dramatically improve the level of service have been especially apparent at ReCAP for runners, you have to start piling that up in and comprehensiveness of access we offer to two reasons, though: scale and collaboration. multiple stories and running parallel aisles readers across the United States.1 Our initial It is the combination of these two factors that of shelving to make such a proposition work vision of these facilities — as closed stack, makes the case study for the collective collec- at all. In short, you have to repeat what we second-tier storage in an era when print was tions effort, but let’s start by examining each all ended up doing over the last 30 years, the only available information channel — made one individually. that is, recognize that high-density storage them more of a necessary compromise than ReCAP holds some 13.5 million items on is not a compromised version of open-stacks something intrinsically desirable. They were site, adds one million items in an average year, collections but rather a naturally emergent way not reader adjacent like the open stacks seemed and fulfills over 200,000 requests each year — of managing information density as collections to be, and this remoteness shaped their service sufficient holdings and enough transactions grow past the limits of browsability towards model to emphasize rapid delivery on request to make it a top-10 ARL in its own right and comprehensiveness. as an approximation of walking into the stacks. to give it the peculiar distinction of being the What really happens in library storage fa- That service model still has some merit, largest library under a single roof in North cilities is that we achieve a short turn time over but we are now operating in a world where America. More important, however, is that it a large volume of materials, with near-perfect print is only one of the channels of information provides these services with just 20 FTE staff. reliability. From there, compelling services our readers use. Print is an exceptionally rich That’s an unfair comparison, you’ll rightly start to be possible. Same-day digital fulfill- medium, and we know that it is favored where say, for most ARL library staff are not directly continued on page 62

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 61 the majority of the collection spends its time decisions libraries are making at present will Curating Collective Collections untouched on the shelf, and all the evidence have a profound influence on what it takes to from page 61 suggests that the vast majority of on-site col- achieve a more perfect union. And I do think lections are rarely consulted. that the fundamental weight of our professional ment up to 50 pages is our standard at ReCAP, My argument does not advocate for remov- commitment to increase the diversity of reader- and some requests get filled in just a few hours. ing books from libraries. It does, however, ship and the diversity of collections available to That means articles and chapters, tables of prompt us to consider two critical changes each reader means that we need to be diligent at contents and introductions, or selected figures in our thinking about making libraries more present about setting up well-managed regional and tables can sometimes be in front of a user effective. The first is to stop worrying about partnerships that can eventually be knit into before they could possibly find a time to go to adjacency to a place — the campus, the reading a cooperative national network. We need to the library, locate and check out the work they room — and start worrying about connections work on getting a critical mass of the materials needed, and throw it on a scanner-copier or get to fulfillment services. The second is to shift committed to those partnerships located in it back to their workspace. our thinking about the content of user-accessi- the kind of fulfilment center that lowers their From this vantage point, I think libraries ble library spaces in a more curatorial direction. management costs and raises their flexibility need to start revisiting the work habits and Scott Bennett’s description of successive for multi-site shared use. assumptions of users. Now, from the moment library service models — from the reader-cen- Most shared print projects are operating they click “request,” it is hours until the item tric, to book centric, to learning-centric — can on retention commitments that run from 10- moves from storage into its fulfillment channel. be valuable here when we read it not in terms of 30 years, and that is a comfortable timeline For digital requests, that means they have their displacement or deprecation, but as a layering to do this work. It will take several years to item within a day. For physical deliveries, that of services.4 Individual readers still read, we transition, several more to refine and perfect means affiliated users can have the item within still benefit from having browsable collections a new way of offering collections services, a day or two, and any user within a week, faster at hand, and we have ever more need to offer and several more years beyond for that way and more consistent than interlibrary loan. It is learning and research support services. But to become the new normal for our users. This also possible to think about chaining together those services should be interlinked around a timeline is comfortable and manageable, but it or scheduling these actions. The collection that is lean enough to has also started. request does not have to be for de- change rapidly in response to livery “as soon as possible,” but for new academic directions. the most convenient time according We should also to the user. consider the Claude Endnotes Altogether, this approach to Shannon-esque notion 1. I am focusing on the U.S. academic library logistics constitutes a that information is and research libraries in this essay, but in major advance in a key area principle, these ideas are applicable in other surprise as we think about library sectors and other countries. Focusing of library service: saving the library collections on large American research libraries brings the time of the reader and we assemble around our together a clear interest group within a ensuring that using the library on-site users. The longer common legal framework and logistics is simple. To borrow from we store large and static infrastructure, and it’s an interest group that Lorcan Dempsey’s formulation, we are in the collections of material on-site, the more we has a lot of books. attention support business now, and we want risk creating a steadily less surprising and 2. This is based on the total expenditure for our readers’ attention focused on their work, informative environment for our readers. We ReCAP staffing, but about half of ReCAP not on the complexities of how and when to risk creating the collection that fits inside a staff activity is devoted to intake, rather request a book from where.3 than retrieval, which has a per-transaction building up until a certain point in time, rather cost closer to $2.50, including retrieval Hand in hand with this approach, we ought than the collection that supports and challenges and refiling. the ideas in play at this point in time. to be rigorous in thinking of on-site open stacks 3. Lorcan Dempsey. “Libraries and the as a very specific user service that we offer Libraries are building shared collections Long Tail: Some Thoughts about Libraries against the backdrop of a collective collection right now, and the decision about how and in a Network Age.” D-Lib Magazine 12, no. managed at purpose-built library service cen- where they deploy those collections will have a 4 (2006). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april06/ ters. The chief virtue of thinking this way is profound impact on the ability to lower barriers dempsey/04dempsey.html that it’s objectively correct, of course. Most to access and raise opportunities for research 4. Scott Bennett. “Libraries and Learn- ARL libraries see an annual circulation rate for generations to come. Do not hear what I ing: A History of Paradigm Change.” around 4% and already have a great deal of am not saying: we are still a long way from the portal: Libraries and the Academy 9, no. their materials off-site. Even if readers browse governance and business models that will make 2 (2009): 181-197. https://muse.jhu.edu/ article/262845 an actual order of magnitude more materials everything for everyone, pretty much when than they check out each year (say 40%), and how they want it, into a reality, but the

A big Shout out from the 2016 Charleston of the group consisted of conference first timers! Rumors Conference! Thanks to Jason Price (SCELC) The Dine-Arounds were led by many Charles- from page 22 who filled in at the last minute for the clos- ton Conference regulars like Tony Horava, An- ing session of the conference when David thony Watkinson, Jack Montgomery, Glenda Speaking of interviews and the Charleston Worlock took sick! Jason Price joined Erin Alvin, Corey Seeman, Eleanor Cook, Rachel Conference, there are many! The interview Gallagher who has done the closing session Fleming. They are a nice feature created by and keynote with Jim Neal, the incoming for three years. They did an awesome job. Audrey Powers and administered by Caroline president of ALA is particularly provocative! Jason had to rush to make a flight but, hey, he Goldsmith (Leah’s sister by the way) to expand http://www.charlestonlibraryconference. had twenty minutes to spare! Thanks, Jason! on opportunities to socialize and get to know com/video-live-stream/ (live during the 2016 Ramune Kubilius did one of the Dine each other. We are always looking for volunteers Charleston Conference) Arounds on Friday night at the Conference! for the Dine-Arounds. Let Leah know if you https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FU Guess what? While the group was dining, are interested and if you have a restaurant to PHk4HMeBE&list=PLIGLt62pr1M6F- some cameras came in, filming the reality show recommend! Obviously, 492 King Street should QS1R1X9FkGPMS9AP-Ah&index=1 Southern Charm. Ramune says that about half probably stay on the list for next year. continued on page 71

62 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 International Dateline — Worlds Apart by Rita Ricketts (Blackwell’s Historian and Bodleian Visiting Scholar, Author Adventurers All, Tales of Blackwellians, of Books, Bookmen and Reading and Writing Folk) and Professor Lydia Wevers, ONZM (Distinguished Literary Historian, Director of the Stout Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand)

Introduction themselves during their leisure hours — short a name for himself promulgating teetotalism hen Kipling visited New Zealand as they would have been. The Beethams’ and worker education, he was selected as the in 1891, he famously described station clerk, John Vaughan Miller, born in first librarian of Oxford City’s newly opened Auckland as “last, loneliest, love- England, was a more diligent and ambitious public library. During the library’s first year W reader. His diary stands out in relation to over 13,000 books were issued for reference, liest.” Travelling around both the North and South Islands, he discovered that the distance, the Brancepeth collection, just as William and read by a daily (mostly nightly) attendance from England, had made New Zealanders’ King’s does in the Blackwells’ — King was of over 400. The sight of so many men eager “yarn power” distinctive.1 But what they read a bookseller’s assistant at Blackwell’s. Their for self-betterment must have gladdened Ben- put them straight back on Britain’s doorstep. diaries, rare finds, illustrate how an intellectual jamin Harris. As a child he had witnessed Rita Ricketts and Lydia Wevers explore the life could be pursued under less than promising unskilled men fighting for even half a days similarities, and differences, of two special circumstances. Both diaries offer a critical work, William Beetham, growing up in an collections: one housed at the Victoria Uni- portrait of the situated reader, which extended industrial town, Doncaster, must have also versity of Wellington (New Zealand), the out to their social contexts. Taken together, witnessed the struggle of working people to other at Oxford University (Britain).2 The they provide valuable material for historians, improve their lives in the midst of hardship Brancepeth collection consists of some 2,000 who must surely count themselves lucky to be and unemployment. Arriving in New Zea- books, which, together with their purpose-built able to call on special collections in libraries land at just the time free public libraries were wooden cases, was donated to Victoria Univer- across the world. springing up in England, William Beetham may have thought of setting up a collection of sity of Wellington by Hugh Beetham in 1966. An English Education He was the grandson of William Beetham who books to add to the collection he brought with had left England to set up a sheep station in the William Beetham, born three years before him, but his sons certainly did, establishing North Island of New Zealand. The archives Benjamin Harris Blackwell, was a portrait the Brancepeth Library sometime in the late of the farm remain in situ. The Blackwell painter who exhibited at the Royal Academy 1870s. Judging by the absence of self-help Collections comprise the library of Sir Basil and was commissioned to paint a number of books in the Brancepeth catalogue, it seems Blackwell, gifted to the Bodleian Library by notable figures in England and later colonial unlikely that the Beethams’ primary motive Julian Blackwell in 2006, archives gifted to New Zealand. Driven by the financial burden was autodidact education, but they were in- Merton College, University of Oxford, by of seven sons and three daughters and an ambi- terested in worker literacy. Julian Blackwell in 2003 and publishing pa- tion to settle his sons on the land, William took During William’s childhood displaced farm pers and back copies donated to the Bodleian his family to New Zealand in 1856 after a pro- labourers workers had poured into the factories by Wiley Blackwell, 2007. It may seem that tracted debate about which colony to choose. of new industrial towns like his own. But they the Brancepeth and Blackwell collections are Benjamin Harris, whose father was a jobbing were not likely to share in Adam Smith’s worlds apart, but they have interesting elements tailor in London, also had aspirations. He, too, wealth of nations, and employers feared that in common. The progenitors of both collections emigrated, but only as far as Oxford. He must they would be willing conscripts for revolu- (William Beetham, 1809-88 and Benjamin have been bookish, and it seems likely that he tionary foot soldiering. American and French Harris Blackwell, 1813-55) were Englishmen, helped out in the library of a London branch of revolutions still weighed on the establishment’s whose families came from “trade.” William the Teetotalers, where his father was a leading mind, and books, such as Paine’s Rights of Beetham emigrated to New Zealand, where his light. Having no intention of becoming a Man, of which more than a million and a half son established a subscription library on their tailor, he may have followed in the footsteps copies were in circulation in England, might, farm. Benjamin Harris Blackwell was the of Edwin Spears, whose father attended the it was feared, radicalise.6 The Bible and founding librarian of Oxford’s public library, same church as the Blackwells; Spears was Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress suggested that 1854. His son made a collection of books that making a success of a bookshop cum licensed people should accept their lot, but Blake’s he used to start a bookshop. The bookshop victualler’s in Oxford. Benjamin Harris set poetry delivered a stirring exhortation to build flourished and his son was able to stock his off for Oxford with little more than a handcart’s a New Jerusalem. William Beetham may own private library. worth of books, hoping to set up a circulating have heard his parents talk of the Luddite riots, A preliminary comparison of the collections library. Workers’ clubs also provided reading 1811-16, and the Peterloo Massacre, 1819 and suggests that readers at Brancepeth, whether rooms, and shops, often selling wines and the library contains a number of anti-Jacobin owners (the Beetham family), farm workers, spirits or stationery, haberdashery and bric-a- novels. Anti-Jacobins panicked when, in the Wairarapa Maori or swaggers seeking shelter, brac, sold the new, cheaper, editions of books mid 1830s Chartist pamphlets urged workers to shared much the same enthusiasm for reading and often had a subscription book club. In combine (unionise), to demand parliamentary 1850 the (English) Public Library Act made reform and the extension of the franchise. But as those who attended at Oxford’s new public 5 library or, later on, frequented Blackwell’s provision for free public libraries. Couched could literacy necessarily be equated with rad- bookshop.3 Reading was no longer an elite in High Victorian rhetoric, its aims were “that icalism? Robert Altick argues that education preoccupation.4 Seeing this had, perhaps, knowledge should triumph over ignorance” to subjugated, rather than radicalised.7 It certainly prompted the Beethams to sponsor their farm’s become “the means of enlightenment against did not improve their condition. Small wonder library. But while the Blackwells utter destitution by self-improvement.” then, as Kipling wrote “… men depart/To seek were active in the education of Benjamin Harris swopped his hand- the Happy Isles” (of New Zealand).8 Samuel their workers, albeit that cart for a shop, which soon became Parnell, an English carpenter who arrived in it should be “suitable,” the haunt of undergraduates and Petone (Wellington) in 1938, won the right the Beethams provid- dons and he started to export to an eight-hour day. It was a decade before ed works of fiction books to universities the Ten-Hour bill, restricting hours of work in to encourage literacy, overseas, first to textile factories, passed in England, and even which would enable the U.S. Hav- then it was not strictly enforced. the workers to content ing also made continued on page 64

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 63 paid quarterly — rather expensive given that sensation novels.12 There was a smattering of International Dateline weekly wages on the station, even by the non-fiction, mostly poetry, history, biography, from page 63 1890s, ranged from 15s to 25s. The farm geography and reference books. The frame- ledgers provide a record of who paid sub- work of most authors, ranging from the famous Perhaps the Beethams, liberal though they scriptions, their occupation and income. Not to the now forgotten, was imperialist, Anglo were — in her research Wevers found evidence all readers, however, were subscribers — the centric, culturally conservative and bourgeois. that they enjoyed excellent relations with the governess for example, is recorded as using There is a clear imperial periphery with strong Maori, from whom their land was leased, and the library frequently, and there were certainly representation from Australia, Canada, the Hugh Beetham was well-known for his fluen- friends and family of workers who borrowed USA, and a scattering of European authors cy in Maori — feared that too much education copies from subscribers. (Hugo, Maupassant, Flaubert, Zola etc.) and might produce “firebrands who would rock In its heyday, from 1884-1904, the farm a few “local” authors, who could be regarded the tractors.” The Blackwells, even though had a population of over 300, and the library as early pioneers of a distinctive corpus of New they did much to improve their employees’ was well used, and abused. The books are Zealand literature. But the vast majority of education and working conditions, would not stained, battered, torn and wax-spotted from the fiction was British; the Blackwells were tolerate a union shop: they held firmly to a love candles, and several have scorched edges to publish editions, of the Brontes, Trollope, us or leave us policy when it came to industrial suggesting readers fell asleep by the fire after Smollett and Swift, similar to those held at relations. For the Blackwells and Beethams, a hard day’s work. They were sometimes Brancepeth. education, it seems, was a matter of appropri- defaced and at least a third of the collection Basil Blackwell’s library, which he de- ateness. Even by the 1940s, when the provision is ornamented with marginalia. In contrast, scribed as typical of any constant and discur- of state-funded education was almost universal Basil Blackwell’s (private) “library” had sive reader, housed many authors popular at in the UK, as the Blackwell publishing papers suffered only the natural effects of time, dust, Brancepeth. Poets in common are Milton, revealed, Basil Blackwell (Benjamin Harris’s worm infestations, and sunlight, and its con- Coleridge, Pope, Tennyson, Scott and Arnold grandson) and John Betjeman discussed what tents were treated with a reverence accorded — surprisingly Brancepeth had Macaulay but type of poetry to give non-scholarship, mostly sacred vessels. Some books had been his not Basil Blackwell. Storytellers Boccaccio working class, children to read. Was this father’s, and had been proudly displayed in and Shakespeare were present in both, but evidence of class prejudice? The Beethams his workroom over the shop. They included there was no Chaucer at Brancepeth. Other had certainly joined New Zealand’s “landed works published by B. H. Blackwell — the authors in common include Walter Besant, gentry.” Benjamin Harris’s son Benjamin imprint started by Benjamin Henry from Boswell, the Brontes, Wilkie Collins, Defoe, Henry Blackwell, as his business prospered, 1879 — standard reference books and a Dickens, the Disraelis, George Eliot, Field- set his family up in a large house in the new and sprinkling of rare specimens. Basil Blackwell ing, Gibbon, Haggard, Hardy, Harraden, very genteel enclave of North Oxford, giving developed the collection over a period of fifty Jerome Jerome, the Kingsleys, Kipling, his son Basil a university (Oxford) education years, housing it in his arts and craft house in Charles Reade (friend of Benjamin Henry), in classics. Beetham, unlike Basil, did not rural Oxfordshire. But Brancepeth’s readers Masefield (also a friend of Benjamin Henry) join the family business, but they shared the would not often have dipped into the same Scott, Stevenson, and the works of Mrs. same “cultural” landscape. He supported his fare as Basil Blackwell. Their taste was more Humphry (Mary) Ward. Mary Ward was wife Mary, and their ten children, through like that of readers at Oxford’s public library. very much an Oxford character, living there commissioned portrait work; he had exhibited At Brancepeth, newspapers were in high when religious liberalism supplanted Catholic at the Royal Academy by the age of 25 and is demand, and a time limit of fifteen minutes Tractarianism.13 In her novel Robert Elsmere said to have painted at the court of the Tsar in was imposed on readership. As well as books, she deliberately used fiction to discuss religious St Petersburg. Making a living by portraiture which they could order from the catalogue problems — her son, Arnold, collaborated went hand in hand with Basil Blackwell’s when they ordered stores, extra copies of local with Benjamin Henry Blackwell to produce a business of furnishing houses with books. papers were sent out to fencing gangs. Ben- volume of undergraduate verse. Mary Ward’s Good Readers jamin Harris, overseeing his flock in Oxford, popularity may have had something to do with William Beetham did not live at Bran- had been disappointed by their preference for her radical inclinations; there is no mention of cepeth, which was run by his sons, but the newspapers over other reading material. He Elizabeth Gaskell at Brancepeth — perhaps grand family house still holds the collection was horrified by their voracious appetite for some of the content in her novels were a touch of books the Beethams brought out with the stories of blood and gore that dominated too near the bone for British émigrés? the press during the Crimean War; Bran- them. These include editions of Latin and Dissident Diarists Greek classics, prize books, some religious cepeth’s readers would also have known of books, poetry, some novels, histories, atlases men who had served there, and they too would A copy of Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus is 14 and several manuals which instructed the have experienced it vicariously though their listed in the Brancepeth holdings. Carlyle Beetham boys in practical skills needed on more immediate experience was of the South wrote that a book education was a right: it was the farm-carpentry, power generation, water African Wars. “not for rich men alone but for all men” and systems, animal management.9 There is a Women readers, however, were not, at Sartor Resartus advances the argument. Car- record of the books collected by Benjamin first, admitted to Oxford’s public library. lyle gives paramount value to the exercise of Henry, while apprenticed to a bookseller, Jonathan Rose observed that until the end of free will; his encouragement of readers to con- which also feature Greek and Latin classics the nineteenth century, autodidact culture was struct their own meaning of life equates Sartor amongst “modern” poetry, history and biog- overwhelmingly male territory. For girls, who Resartus with early existentialist texts. John raphy. He had acquired a copy of Keble’s were expected to help with the housework and Vaughan Miller, the sheep station’s clerk, like Christian Year, an 1874 edition bound in the younger children, the opportunity to read many educated Victorians, was an enthusiastic 11 calf, in exchange for a pack of cards and four was even more limited. At Oxford’s public reader of Carlyle and often quoted him. Born pence! He used this “library” as security to library women had to wait until a discrete, a gentleman (1839) in Bexley, Kent, Miller take a lease on a small shop in Oxford’s Broad partitioned space was provided — a separation was the eldest son of a dissenting clergyman Street.10 It was his son, Sir Basil Blackwell that continued until 1917. There was no such (John Cade Miller) and was educated at the (1889-1984), who established the collection division at Brancepeth. There was a heavy Grammar School in Birmingham. As part of now housed in the Bodleian’s Weston Li- concentration of novels by mid to late Victorian his work at Brancepeth, Miller kept the station brary, and it was William’s son, Hugh, with women writers, read by both male and female diary, which was the record of farm business. his wife Ruth, who set up the subscription readers, who are visible in marginalia and re- But he also used it to record a more personal library at Brancepeth. It was for the use of cords though few women were resident on the narrative of his life on the farm, his opinions family, friends and local people as well as farm. The novels, which make up 88% of the and feelings. His entries were, in tone, similar workers on the sheep station, permanent and library collection in cheap colonial editions, to those William King, an assistant in the seasonal. Subscriptions were £1 per annum, included a high proportion of romances and continued on page 65 64 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 student fraternity) and the monotony of the International Dateline work he had to do when really he should Endnotes from page 64 be writing. The colonial workers that sur- 1. Harry Ricketts, Rudyard Kipling, Radio New rounded him on the farm irked Miller. He, Zealand, 10 October 2013 Blackwell shop, made in his diary. King too, was an intellectual snob who having 2. This article is based on Lydia Wevers Reading writes forcibly of his dislike for established had to learn, or feign, humility, allied him- on the Farm, Victorian Fiction and the Colonial religion. A copy of Sartor Resartus was one self with the underdog perhaps as a kind of World, Victoria University of Wellington, 2010 and of his most valued possessions. His first penance, though he undoubtedly held strong Rita Ricketts Scholars, Poets and Radicals: Discov- copy “was in the wonderful series of cheap views about social and economic inequality. ering forgotten lives in the Blackwell Collections, books Cassell’s National Library.” Some The Bodleian, University of Oxford, 2015. See also Miller had, perhaps, hoped for a less rigid Lydia Wevers, “Reading on the Farm: a Study of years later, on a buying expedition, he went social hierarchy in New Zealand, but his role the Brancepeth Farm Library,” Bulletin of the Bib- to the house of the late Henry Morley, one as a station clerk placed him in a dependent liographical Society of Australia and New Zealand, of the first professors of English Literature and inferior position that he resented. He 28:1,2 (2004): 184-194, Rita Ricketts, Adventurers (University College London), who had ed- expressed his frustration in the station di- All, Blackwell, Oxford, 2002, Reid, Ricketts and ited the series. Morley’s daughter showed ary, newspaper articles and in the margins Walworth, The Merton Blackwell Collection, Mer- Rex the originals “in red, yellow and blue of library books. King, however, studied ton College, University of Oxford, 2014 covers with their advertisements for French the marginalia in the books he handled, 3. See for example Richard Altick, The English Coffee, Borwick’s Baking Powder, Mellin’s mostly from libraries that were sold on at Common Reader: A Social History of the Mass food for infants and Woodward’s Gripe Reading Public, 1800-1900, Ohio State Press, Blackwells. It gave him further ammunition University of Chicago, 1957, p 39 taken from Lack- Water.” She told him that her father had for his attacks on the literary establishment. ington’s memoirs (a London bookseller) received £5 for editing each volume. Writing in their diaries, both men tended 4. See for example, S. R. Fischer, A History of King had come to Benjamin Henry to present themselves as “great and wise” Reading, Reaktion Books, London 2003 pp 287-9 Blackwell’s notice when he offered his readers, men of letters, who were equipped 5. The Public Library Act, 14 August 1850. Joseph “poor man’s library” for sale; many of the to critique literary and other writing. Both Taylor, Oxford City Library, 1855-1954, pp 4 -7 titles corresponded with Brancepeth’s. were published in a small way, which King 6. Richard A. Altick, The English Common Reader, King had fallen into desperate poverty as thought was clearly less than his due. A History of the Mass Reading Public, 1800-1900, a result of ill health, which lost him his job Keeping a diary for both Miller and Ohio State Press, Univ. of Chicago, p 70 as a post office clerk. Being short-handed King provided solace as well as expiation. 7. ibid 141-2 because of the War, Benjamin Henry Miller’s diary was not, strictly speaking, 8. Rudyard Kipling, The Song of the Cities invited King to work in his second-hand “his.” It was the administrative record 9. Wevers, 58-60 department. His diary gives an account of which he was required to keep. But like 10. Benjamin Henry’s “library” was valued at £126 life during the First World War and provides King’s, Miller’s station diary had a strong 15 (diary entry 24 December 1878), with a nominal an invaluable record of what he read. His autobiographical component. King’s sale price of £190 mordant dissection of the texts amounts to a diary, like Miller’s, provides the reader 11. See also: S. R. Fischer, A History of Reading, critique of English culture (circa 1910-50). with a rich tapestry of the people and the Reaktion Books, London, 2003, p 272. Miller, like King, had known hard times. environments in which he found himself. 12. The Brancepeth library has some of the only Before emigrating, he had been an Admiral- Like most diarists, Miller and King also copies in existence — see Margaret Dalziel, Pop- ty clerk. It is not clear why he left this job, provide a record of change. Hermione Lee ular Fiction 100 Years Ago, An Unexpected Tract though like many he was in search of land. writes that it is necessary to re-tell stories of Literary History, London, Cohen and West, 1957 But his attempt to establish a successful for each generation.17 Such diaries make 13. Mary Ward was the granddaughter of Dr. hop farm in Motueka, New Zealand, was this possible. In the past such “marginal” Thomas Arnold, the famous head of Rugby School, doomed by a descent into bankruptcy and material was neither valued nor preserved, and the niece of the poet Matthew Arnold. alcoholism. Going back to his old occu- but academic fashion has changed. The 14. Thomas Carlyle’s major work, Sartor Resartus: pation, he was lucky to find a permanent English historian, David Kynaston, for meaning “The tailor re-tailored,” was first published position as station clerk. At Brancepeth, example, in his Tales of New Jerusalem, as a serial in 1833-34 he was living two days travel away from gives equal weight to the stories of ordinary 15. Records of what “ordinary people” read are his wife and nine children, and his reading citizens, to the “everyday as well as the scant — see Stefan Collini, in his TLS review of and writing kept him sane (and sober). His seismic.”18 Thomas Hardy, whose family Rose’s book commentary was wry, but though he came circumstances put higher education out of 16. As literary historian Stefan Collini suggests, across as likeable and witty, he was also reach, championed the self-taught and the books furnished the mind in a form the bailiffs pedantic, stuffy, tragic (when his youngest underclass, “humbly recording diverse cannot repossess. son died of consumption, he noted that readings” in his novels.19 Richard Altick, 17. “There are some stories which have to be re- transport difficulties made getting back to scholar and historian, collected autodidacts’ told by each generation,” see Hermione Lee, her Nelson for the funeral “hopeless”), and, introduction, Biography, in Virginia Woolf, Vintage, writing from the nineteenth century and 1997, p 11 above all, lonely. King, too, is a loner. He brought it under academic scrutiny, unusual is shy, withdrawn, acerbic and, above all, 18. See David Kynaston’s early work, King La- in the 1950s; one study yielded over 2,000 bour, 1976, Family Britain, 2006, Austerity Britain poor. Frequently facing the bailiffs, and documents. Jonathan Rose’s exhaustive 2007 also the work of distinguished New Zealand plagued with pain from his rotting teeth, study of workers’ reading provided further historians, Michael King and James Belich, for he finds comfort in his books.16 fodder.20 Stefan Collini, in his review of example. Miller and King are characters worthy of Rose’s book, sees this as a vital part of our 19. Thomas Hardy, Poems Past and Present, 1901 the best fiction. In many ways they resemble history. “If we could recover the reading 20. Jonathan Rose, The Intellectual Life of the Hardy’s protagonist Jude (the Obscure). practices of past generations, we would British Working Classes, Yale University Press, King, born in 1886 in Chesterton, 35 miles be in touch with an experience that was at New Haven and London, 2001. Rose is indebted from Oxford, won a scholarship to the local once intimate and formative.”21 Fortunately to the work of John Burnett, David Vincent, grammar school and worked as a teacher both the Beethams and Blackwells kept David Mayall et al The Autobiography of the the diaries, and in the case of Brancepeth, Working Class 3 vols New York University Press before he became a post office clerk; born 1984-89; see also John Carey’s The Intellectuals in a subsequent age he would undoubtedly the Beethams gave the library collection to and the Masses. Pride and Prejudice amongst the have been a scholar. He was certainly an in- Victoria University of Wellington, while Literary Intelligentsia, 1880-1939, Faber and Faber; tellectual snob. In his diary, he writes of his the Blackwell diaries went to Oxford’s London, 1992. irritation with fellow bookselling assistants, Merton College. Book and cultural his- 21. Stefan Collini, London Review of Books, Vol. academic customers, the idle rich (probably torians will find rich pickings in both the 23 No. 24, 13 December 2001, pp 33-35 collectors and, of course, the public-school Brancepeth and Blackwell collections.

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 65 Let’s Get Technical — A Herculean Task: Cleanup in Preparation for Migrating to a New ILS Column Editors: Stacey Marien (Acquisitions Librarian, American University Library) and Alayne Mundt (Resource Description Librarian, American University Library)

The Situation • Discrepancies between holdings and item location codes In 2014, it was decided that the Washington Research Library Con- • Two items attached to one holdings (which is a Voyager- sortium (WRLC), a nine-member consortia of libraries based in the specific problem given how Voyager displays multiple copies) DC area, would be migrating to a new ILS. Even though the timeline The committee also identified other areas that should be evaluated had not been officially set and the selection of the new ILS system had and cleaned up outside of bibliographic data, as well as stakeholders in not been chosen, the WRLC Metadata Committee (comprised of all different modules of the ILS with more expertise in those areas. These of the heads of metadata and cataloging at the WRLC schools) was included Acquisitions, Circulation, Archives and Special Collections, charged with identifying bibliographic and other data that would need and Electronic Resources departments, as well as other consortial cleanup before migrating. The group also had to identify other areas committees involved with resource sharing and access services. We for potential cleanup, such as patron and checkout information and gave general recommendations for cleanup such as fund codes and old purchase order data. purchase orders to be worked on by colleagues in Acquisitions depart- Despite not knowing which new ILS system would be selected, the ments and expired patron data and obsolete statuses to be worked on Metadata Committee was able to identify core areas that would need by colleagues in Access Services. The committee also identified areas cleanup in order to make a migration go as smoothly as possible. The that may require collaboration across areas of responsibility, including committee identified four main areas of cleanup work. Those areas items without barcodes, duplicate barcodes, and obsolete location codes. were prioritized in terms of importance to their impact on a migration. The Resource Description Unit and Circulation Unit at AU have a In areas where the committee did not have the necessary expertise, we strong working relationship and have collaborated on many projects over identified stakeholders that would need to weigh in separately. past years, including a massive move to storage initiative and various Areas for Cleanup inventory undertakings. As a result of this, the AU catalogers have gotten a head start on many of the areas for cleanup that were identified by The first, most critical area we identified for cleanup was the need the Metadata Committee that required cross-unit expertise and respon- for an OCLC reclamation. OCLC will provide libraries a one-time sibility. Although the Metadata Committee identified certain things as free reclamation, also known as a data synch, to synchronize a library’s priorities to ensure a smooth migration, certain areas already had work holdings against WorldCat. This reclamation will ensure that holdings in progress. These works in progress include a longstanding project are up to date and accurate. This can be done again after an initial rec- to clean up approximately 7,000 short records created by circulation lamation, but at a cost. At American University, we had performed this staff more than a decade ago; cleanup of outdated user/operator id’s; reclamation in 2009 as part of an experiment with using WorldCat Local. and separating out two item records attached to one holdings record. The consortia had also recently gone through a project to identify These pre-existing endeavors have been happening on a low-scale basis books for retention through Sustainable Collection Services (SCS, for some time. This work gave us a bit of a head start on getting our which has subsequently been absorbed by OCLC). Out of that project, data clean for migration, even though the areas AU was working on remediation lists of records with potential problems were produced, were already identified as being such as records without OCLC numbers and records for which the title relatively low-priority. and author do not match Worldcat. We identified those records as easy Subsequently, AU has been targets for evaluation and cleanup as necessary. American University working to identify and clean up (AU) had several hundreds of these records, which were easy to correct several thousand duplicate OCLC because the problems were straightforward. Numbers (035s) in the catalog that Another critical area the committee identified for cleanup was were incorrectly mapped when standardized bibliographic data. This area includes standard identifi- we did the OCLC reclamation ers and codes, fixed length elements, and other incorrect or outdated back in 2009. This is going as information such as: scheduled and is relatively time-con- • OCLC Number (035) suming, but is absolutely critical in terms • ISSN (022) of migrating correctly. When the Metadata Committee was charged with identifying • LCCN (010) areas for data cleanup, the new ILS system had • Leader (LDR) and Control Fields (006, 007, 008) not been chosen. In August 2016, the WRLC • Incorrect and/or missing indicators and/or subfields leadership decided that we will be migrating to Ex • Obsolete MARC fields/subfields Libris’s Alma platform in 2018. The 035 field is the unique identifier • Local notes used in migrating and mapping records into that platform so it is critical that this field be correct. We are also working to clean up fixed field A final area we identified was cleanup or evaluation relating to and fixed length elements, such as the Leader, 006, 007, and 008 fields, inventory. This includes: which are more complicated to identify errors in due to factors such as • Duplicate barcodes whether or not they are indexed and where characters are positioned in • Items without barcodes fixed length fields. These problems may be complicated but they are • Item records with empty barcodes or without barcodes far fewer in terms of volume to correct. • Empty holdings records Since WRLC has decided to move to Alma, Ex Libris has provided • Bibliographic records without holdings records us with recommendations for cleanup prior to migrating. Ex Libris’s recommendations are largely in line with what the Metadata Committee • Holdings records without item records identified previously, though there were some unexpected new recom- • Print items attached to electronic resource records mendations for cleanup. The most notable and complex of these has been • Short records (such as stub records created on the fly) separating out records that have been combined from multiple formats • Suppressed records continued on page 69

66 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Biz of Acq — Digging Deeper: Trends by Discipline after 4+ Years into Winthrop’s PDA Program by Antje Mays (Professor / Acquisitions & Description Librarian, Ida Jane Dacus Library, Winthrop University, 824 Oakland Avenue, Rock Hill, SC 29733; Phone: 803-323-2274; Fax: 803-323-2215) Column Editor: Michelle Flinchbaugh (Acquisitions and Digital Scholarship Services Librarian, Albin O. Kuhn Library & Gallery, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250; Phone: 410-455-6754; Fax: 410-455-1598)

Introduction Percentage Changes In Print and eBook ince the October 2011 inception of Winthrop University’s eBook Expenditures, 2011-2015 patron-driven acquisitions (PDA) program, the eBook program has Print expenditures by discipline — cumulative percentage Smatured and generated usage and expenditure data to a sufficient change: who’s up, who’s down? Between 2011 and 2015, print degree to spot trends between print and eBook preferences by disci- purchases went down for 16 areas, up for 13 areas, and remained un- pline. Usage and expenditures for eBooks and hardcopy materials were changed for one (Human Nutrition). The overall print book purchases analyzed through February 18, 2016. As a follow-up to the last ATG went down by 14%. Within areas, the largest expenditure decline was issue’s kickoff article (which described the study’s setup, data strategies, -100% and the largest rise was +175%. Of the top five declining areas, and broad print and eBook usage and expenditure findings from year (1) Physics, Mass Communication, and Chemistry purchases dropped 2011/12 through 2014/15), this second article in the three-part series completely, followed by (2) Psychology (down by 85%), (3) Business shows expenditures and usage trends in more depth by discipline for print (down by 67%), Computer Science (down by 65%), and (5) Health and eBooks from year 2011/12 through 2014/15, as well as preliminary & PE (-43%). The top five growth areas in print purchases were (1) usage data gleaned from our new integrated library system (ILS) through Women’s Studies (up 176%), (2) Sociology (up by 105%), (3) African February 18, 2016. Following the practice of the previous article, this American Studies (96%), (4) World Languages (up by 85%), and (5) article offers insights for data-informed collection decisions. The third Education (up by 72%). article (February 2017) will dig deeper into discipline-specific eBook expenditures and usage trends by examining usage and expenditure patterns by eBook collection type within each discipline. Outline of the Study Following up on the previous article’s presentation of four years of expenditure and usage data for print and eBooks, this study examines these print and eBook data by discipline. Print and eBook purchase data as well as hardcopy circulation data for 2011/12 to 2014/15 were gleaned from our old ILS. Partial year 2015/16 hardcopy circulation data were extracted from our new ILS. eBook usage data were gleaned from our eBook aggregator. All raw data were exported into Excel, standardized using Access, then analyzed and graphed with Excel for visualization of patterns and trends. Expenditure data include PDA and eBook firm order purchases, short-term-loan (STL) payments, eBook firm orders, and print book purchases broken out into 30 ac- ademic disciplines and professional fields. Because actual financial amounts could not be published, the study uses indexed values as a compromise for documenting trends and proportionality across formats and disciplines. Usage data include actual eBook usage broken out by perpetually owned titles, the PDA discovery pool, and the academic eBook subscription collection, in addition to print circulation. All data were examined in summary and broken out by 30 disciplines. Because July 2015 marked Winthrop’s go-live with a new ILS that measures circulation differently from the previous system, historical comparisons run from the operating years of 2011/12 through 2014/15. Preliminary comparisons for data since July 1, 2015 were conducted through February 18, 2016. Variables and definitions: To ensure meaningful comparisons, hardcopy circulation and eBook usage must be equivalent. Therefore the old ILS’s total circulation transactions were compared to total eBook user sessions (as a proxy for total eBook circulation) through June 30, 2015. Conversely, the new ILS currently provides number of titles circulated but not total circulation transac- tions. Therefore, the new ILS’s total number of titles circulated were compared to unique eBook titles accessed for data since July 1, 2015. Data and analysis plan: The subject groupings found in the raw data extracted from multiple data sources differed considerably across data sources. Standardizing such data by consistent subject breakdown is inherently labor- and time-intensive. As described in more detail in eBook expenditures by discipline — cumulative percentage the previous article, this task was made more efficient by designing changes: who’s up, who’s down? In contrast to a cumulative 14% a relational database with Access: master tables translate the various decline in print expenditures (owing to budget caps), total eBook pur- sources’ Excel-compatible raw data outputs into standardized subject chases went up by 400% over the same four years. Moreover, eBook groupings for financial and usage transactions which were then exported purchase fluctuations within areas were more extreme: The largest back to Excel for further custom analysis and graphing. continued on page 68 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 67 Biz of Acq from page 67 cumulative decline was -100% (Library & Information Science) and the largest increase was +9,108% (Theatre). This vast range stems partly from to the PDA program going back to only October 2011 and starting from absolute zero, partly from only sporadic purchasing in some areas, partly due to some areas’ true upward trends, and partly because some areas (especially in the arts) had the fewest PDA titles in the beginning and therefore grew by relatively higher percentages. eBook purchasing went down for only three areas: (1) Library & Infor- mation Science (down 100%), (2) Dance (down 30%), and (3) Computer Science (down by 23%), reflecting sporadic use-driven purchasing. The top five gainers in eBook purchasing are (1) Theatre (up by 9,108%), (2) Health & PE / Sports Management (up by 3,411%), (3) Fine Arts (up by 2,646%), (4) Mathematics (up by 1,733%), and (5) Education (up by 1,306%).

eBook usage changes by discipline — cumulative percentage changes: who’s up, who’s down? Between 2011 and 2015, total eBook usage went up by 34%. eBook usage went up for 23 areas and down for five. Despite the smaller range ofeBook usage changes (-76% to +900%) compared to print usage changes (-94% to +3,751%), more areas grew in eBook use, primarily because the eBook collections started from zero and grew much more rapidly than the print collections. The six areas whose usage declined over the four-year period are (1) Geography (-76%), (2) Chemistry (-52%), (3) Music (-43%), (4) Anthropology (-25%), (5) Mathematics (-23%), and (6) Dance (-15). The top five usage gainers are (1) Juvenile Literature (+900%), (2) World Languages (+275%), (3) Library & Information Science (+218%), (4) Education (+190%), and (5) Theatre (+149%). The disconnect between expenditure gains with same-area usage drops are attributable to instances of one-time PDA purchases followed by a drop in usage-driven STL charges and PDA purchases (e.g., Mathematics). Moreover, the areas with the largest percent increases started with small amounts of expenditures and usage.

Percentage Changes In Print and eBook Usage, 2011-2015 Print usage changes by discipline — cumulative percentage changes: who’s up, who’s down? Between 2011 and 2015, total print usage went up by 0.36%. Print usage went down for 21 areas and up for 9 areas. The largest decline among disciplines’ hardcopy usage was -94% and the largest rise was +3,751%. The five largest usage declines occurred in (1) Biology (-94%), (2) Geography & Geology (-82%), (3) Juvenile Literature (-81%), (4) Physics (-79%), and Anthropology (-73%). The top five print growth areas were (1) Military Science (up by 3,751%), (2) Computer Science (+1,895), (3) Design (+1,164%), (4) Library & Information Science (+829%), and Political Science in distant 5th place (up by 61%).

continued on page 69 68 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Expenditures by Discipline: Print, 2011-2015 Biz of Acq The top five print book purchasers are (1) English, (2) Fine Arts, from page 68 (3) Education, (4) History, and (5) Political Science. Of these, two areas are also among the top 5 eBook purchasers: Education (2nd place) and Print and eBook Expenditures by Discipline, 2011-2015 Political Science (3rd). Similarly to the last issue’s article on broad eBook and print use and expenditure trends, the findings showcased here present eBook and ex- penditure trends by discipline. This section presents cumulative data for years 2011/12 through 2014/15 and preliminary comparison data from the new ILS for the 2015/16 operating year through February 18, 2016. Subject-specific expenditures for eBooks compared to hardcopy: The chart below shows the 30 examined disciplines by each format’s expenditures for each of the four years from 2011/12 through 2014/15 (ending June 30). The top five purchasers over the four-year period for print and eBooks combined are (1) English, (2) Fine Arts, (3) Education, (4) Political Science, and (5) Biology.

continued on page 70

1) Plan early. Even if your library hasn’t identified which plat- Let’s Get Technical form they are moving to or when, certain areas are all but universal to from page 66 clean up when migrating, such as 035s, fixed-length fields, and unique identifiers. If nothing else, it will help improve your bibliographic onto one record. Merging multiple formats of continuing resources onto data and improve discovery for users, will make the migration process one bibliographic record had been a longstanding local policy in the go more smoothly, and will ease the burden of additional work by consortia, and will require collaboration among cataloging, electronic spreading it out over time. We began actively discussing cleanup resources, and acquisitions units to resolve, since it also involves moving in 2015, and are planning to migrate in 2018. purchase order data. 2) Communicate with colleagues. As one member of a nine-mem- Recommendations ber library consortia with a shared catalog, it has been imperative that the heads of cataloging stay in communication with one another With planning for the data cleanup taking place over the past year concerning data cleanup and sharing expertise. Additionally, within and the work already in progress, I would recommend the following one library, there are so many cross-functional workflows and practic- general principles for an ILS migration: continued on page 70

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 69 Print and eBook Usage by Discipline, 2011-2015 Biz of Acq Discipline-specific usage for eBooks compared to hardcopy: from page 69 The chart below shows year-to-year hardcopy and eBook usage and depicts the proportions of use between these two formats. While a Expenditures by Discipline: eBooks, 2011-2015 few areas’ eBook usage exceeds their hardcopy circulation (notably The following chart depicts eBook expenditures over the four-year Physics, Social Work), eBook usage is not on a consistently upward period examined in this study. It shows each area’s percentage of total trend among all disciplines. eBook expenditure year-to-year. The top five eBook purchasers are (1) Biology, (2) Education, (3) Political Science, (4) Psychology, and (5) Business. Of these disciplines, not all are the largest print purchasers: Education is in 3rd place, Political Science 4th, followed by Biology (8th place), Psychology (10th), and Business in 12th place.

Usage by Discipline: Print, 2011-2015 Of the top five print users, most are also among the higher-ranked purchasers as measured in expenditures, with some notable surprises: The top print users are (1) Design (7th among print purchasers), (2) Computer Science (in 21st place among print buyers), (3) History (in 5th place as print buyer), (4) English (1st–ranked print buyer), and (5) Health & PE (in 24th place among print purchasers). Two top five print purchasers were not among top five users: Fine Arts, the 2nd-ranked purchaser, placed 8th among users; while 4th-placed buyer Political Science placed 10th among users. The most dramatic usage increases occurred in Computer Science and Design, likely owing to the growth in course-taking and research projects in web and software design, interior design, and illustration. continued on page 71

the different Voyager modules. Subscribe to relevant listservs to see Let’s Get Technical what others are doing, and start getting familiar with SQL, Regular from page 69 Expressions, or other relevant tools to help you pull the data you want from your ILS to work on cleanup. Much of what you need es, colleagues across different silos can provide insight and valuable will already be out there in listservs, blogs, and articles, so you don’t perspectives on why certain things are the way they are and how need to become an expert in these tools, but it helps to be able to this should inform different parts of the ILS cleanup and migration. identify what you need to know. Befriend your systems librarian Internally, AU has just started to have scheduled cross department and ask for help from the community. meetings to start discussions, gather questions, and provide updates about the migration process. 3) Become an expert in running reports to pull data out of your ILS. For those of us on Voyager, we use Access to query data across

70 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Biz of Acq from page 70

2015/2016 Hardcopy and eBook Usage: Preliminary Findings New ILS, new data, new measurements: The new ILS went live July 1, 2015. The preliminary usage report of February 18, 2016 cap- tured new circulation since the system’s go-live. Prior years’ circulation data had not yet been loaded into the new system, which provided a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to capture spontaneous usage data as the circulation history was still being populated from scratch at that Usage by Discipline: eBooks, 2011-2015 time. Because the new system currently generates the number of titles Ebook usage was about half that of print usage between 2011 and circulated but not total circulation transactions, the figures below depart 2015. The top users of all eBooks were (1) Biology (also the top eBook from the prior years’ comparisons of total circulation and eBook usage purchaser), followed closely by (2) Business (in 5th place as eBook pur- respectively. Here, the figures reflect hardcopy titles which have circulat- chaser), (3) English (placed 15th among eBook purchasers), (4) Political ed at least once and the unique titles used from the eBook usage reports. Science (3rd -ranking eBook purchaser), and (5) Sociology (in 7th place The biggest user of hardcopy and eBooks, as measured by unique among purchasers). Two top eBook purchasers are not among top five titles used for both formats combined, is English (836 hardcopy titles eBook users, but both are among the top ten: Education, in 2nd place used; 264 eBook titles used), followed by History, Education, Philosophy among eBook purchasers, ranked 7th among users, while 4th-ranked & Religion, and Business. Business eBook titles used rose to the number buyer Psychology is in 6th place among users. Higher-than-usage rank- of hardcopy titles used; unique eBook titles used surpassed hardcopy ing among purchasers for some disciplines is attributable to purchases in Sociology, Psychology, and Political Science. of high-priced eBooks with multiple-user licenses. continued on page 72

Rumors Did you see that on December 14, Ingram Content Group hosted from page 62 clients and friends to celebrate the opening of their new office near Bryant Park in New York City. Ingram’s acquisition of Perseus’ dis- Was interested to read that the Italian publishing market has expe- tribution businesses earlier this year provided a unique opportunity to rienced a 21% increase in eBook sales in the first six months of 2016. relocate, grow and invest in the heart of the publishing industry. Turns out that 65,000 titled were digitized and 63,000 were converted I hope you didn’t miss Don Beagle’s Open Letter to Greta van to eBooks. http://goodereader.com/blog/e-book-news/the-italian-e- Susteren! He was reacting to the Inside Higher Education article about book-market-is-on-the-rise “Are Libraries ‘Vanity Projects’?” by Carl Straumsheim. Former The busy Simon Beale (SVP, Global Sales Strategy & Operations, Fox News host Greta Van Susteren attacks libraries and other con- John Wiley and Sons) writes that they have just had a baby, and he struction projects for driving up student debt. I just took a look at our mixed paternity and work over the holidays. Simon is planning to site stats for ATG and that article blew them out of the water! Greta come to the nineteenth Fiesole Retreat in Lille France in April, 2017. continued on page 72 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 71 Biz of Acq from page 71

To match eBook usage to the new ILS’s number of circulated titles, comparable eBook measures use the aggregators’ figures for unique eBook titles used. By this measure, the top five eBook users are English, History, Education, Business, and Sociology. English used the most hardcopy titles, followed by History, Juvenile Literature (used by Education majors learning how to deploy children’s books in the classroom), Fine Arts, and Philosophy & Religion. The prior years’ top usage by Computer Science is not reflected here – the number of Computer Science titles circulated ranked 7th from last, and the total usage of those titles cannot be gleaned from the new ILS at present. continued on page 73

Rumors to include reviews from The Charleston Advisor. The new service will be called Choice Charleston Advisor (CC Advisor) and will from page 71 provide up-to-date reviews of many e-resources of interest to libraries. Although hundreds of reviews will be included in the new platform, van Susteren linked to it from her site and we got 16,432 views! The certain key products have not been covered or, if they were reviewed, related article by Julie Todaro (president of ALA) and Irene M. H. the original reviewer has not been able to update the original work. Herold, “Smartphones Can’t Replace Libraries,” points out that The Charleston Advisor is in need of authors to help in this review academic libraries are a vital part of the higher education process. We effort. This could include existing authors as well as new authors can all agree that higher education costs are too high, but libraries are who have never published through the journal. All new reviews go not the problem!! https://www.insidehighered.com/users/julie-todaro- through a peer review process which will help academic authors in and-irene-mh-herold their promotion and tenure process. For more information, contact https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/11/01/librarians-criticize- George Machovec, Managing Editor for The Charleston Advisor greta-van-susteren-after-vanity-projects-comments , and he will be happy to work with you on And Don has promised part Two of his Open Letter. Stay tuned! participating in this exciting initiative. Last but not least, hopefully you have heard about the new collab- http://www.against-the-grain.com/2017/01/atg-newsflash-a-new- oration between Choice and The Charleston Advisor which is being collaboration-with-the-charleston-advisor-and-choice/ launched in Spring 2017. Choice has just released a new online plat- Happy 2017 to everyone! Love, Yr.Ed. form for their book review service and is creating a separate product

72 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Implications For Collection Decisions Biz of Acq Observations: In the four-year period from 2011/12 through from page 72 2014/15, print and eBook expenditures and usage changed considerably. Print expenditures, while cumulatively down by 14% on average across all areas, were not uniform in their changes. In fact, print purchasing virtually doubled in several areas in the humanities and social sciences traditionally rooted in print and face-to-face instruction; areas with professional programs, working students, and greater online emphasis reduced their print expenditures. Interestingly, Education expenditures nearly doubled in print and increased over ten-fold in eBooks — a reflection of students who work (especially at graduate levels), hybrid instruction, in addition to continued demand for print in the Education field. eBook expenditures, up cumulatively by 199% on average across all areas, rose in most areas because eBook purchasing started from zero, with the highest increases occurring in sciences, education, and business. Many of the highest growth areas reflect disciplines with growing online and hybrid course options, as well as the off-campus access needs of working adults and graduate students. Other areas with rising eBook expenditures (largely in the social sciences and humanities) simply re- flect the increasing availability of eBooks in previously little-represented disciplines. The four-year cumulative 0.36% rise of print usage masks the vast range of subject-specific growth and decline (from +3,751% for Military Science to -98% for Biology). Similarly, the cumulative 34% rise of eBook usage on average across all areas masks the vast range of subject-specific eBook usage growth and decline (from +900% for Juvenile Literature to -76% for Geography & Geology). These changes in print and eBook usage are driven largely by changes in course-project focus, research interests, as well as graduate students and working adults in need of off-site access to scholarly eBooks. The highest percentage changes reflect a combination of growth in very small collections and rising usage driven by growing research interest. In some subject areas, the four-year cumulative print expenditure and usage declines reflect shifts into eBooks. Programs with high enrollments of working adults and graduate students remained top purchasers and users of both print and eBooks. These print and eBook usage characteristics largely per- sisted in the new library system’s preliminary data analysis, even though the new ILS reports collection usage only as unique titles used and not as total circulation transactions - two distinct measures whose differences must be considered when endeavoring to ascertain long-term trends. Conclusions: Rise and decline in print and eBook expenditures and usage were neither uniform nor consistent from year-to-year for each subject area. Some fields’ increased purchasing and usage do reflect New ILS, preliminary findings: A lag in loading historical hard- upward trends, while some other increases are driven by explosion of copy circulation data into the new ILS provided the unique opportunity interest in niche areas (for example, Military Science showing surging to see organic growth of hardcopy circulation data from zero: For research on national and global security); other increases still have a major portion of the first year with the new system, only newly resulted more from availability (and subsequent use and purchase) of occurring circulation transactions were populating the circulation more eBooks rather than broader subject-related usage trends. Although statistics. These figures therefore show which subject areas saw the a few subject areas have indeed begun to trend away from print toward most active use between July 1, 2015 and February 18, 2016. So far, eBooks, other subject areas have fluctuated year-to-year owing to a the average number of unique hardcopy titles circulated is over twice disparate mix of reasons underlying the observed expenditure and usage that of unique eBook titles used, despite the ease of eBook access. changes. Over-reliance on these data gathered thus far for decisions on English and History are the top two users of titles for both print and print retention and weeding would therefore be premature: Continued eBooks during this 7.5-month measurement period. Moreover, the monitoring of usage and expenditure data is strongly advised to distin- print titles used outpaced over three-fold the eBook titles used for guish long-term trends from niche-interest spikes of uncertain longevity the two combined formats’ most active users. When the 2015/16 and the statistical effects of continual growth in eBook coverage of year ended on June 30, 2016, the bulk of prior years’ circulation data ever-expanding subject-area reach. Caveats: While these overall had migrated to the new system, thus eliminating the fresh view of patterns of print and eBook expenditures and usage provide a solid 2015/2016-only circulation activity. Because year-specific circulation overview, further insights are needed into the subject-specific reliance data by subject cannot be extracted from the new system, a full-year on eBook collections (subscription collections, PDA discovery pool, 2015/2016 completion of these preliminary data is not feasible at and perpetually owned eBooks). Such deeper insights can be gleaned present and a future redesign of extracting and analyzing comparable by measuring the intensity and depth of each eBook collection’s usage data is under consideration. across academic and professional disciplines — the subject of next issue’s article.

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 73 Don’s Conference Notes by Donald T. Hawkins (Freelance Conference Blogger and Editor) Discovery for Scholarly Research: Evolving Showalter said that data discovery varies; large datasets tend to be easily found, but smaller ones such as those connected to a single Needs and Services — An NFAIS Workshop article are more difficult. OCLC has recently produced a compilation of articles on the library Column Editor’s Note: Because of space limitations, this is an 2 abridged version of my report on this conference. You can read the full in the life of the user; some of its conclusions are: article which includes descriptions of additional sessions at http://www. • Discovery applications are just one tool to use. against-the-grain.com/2017/01/v28-6-dons-conference-notes/. — DTH • Users’ expectations are driven by what they use in other parts of their lives. esearchers are now accessing content through a variety of • The technology train keeps rolling; where will it be in 10 channels, and discovery services have become more important years? Rthan ever. NFAIS, the National Federation of Advanced In considering discovery, we tend to focus on advanced users, but we Information Services (http://www.nfais.org), held a one-day must recognize that undergraduates account for a significant amount of in-person and virtual workshop on this subject in Alexandria, VA the use of discovery services. When those students become graduates, on June 29, 2016. The workshop began with a review by Simon their expectations will be very different than we may think today. Inger, Principal, Simon Inger Consulting, of the recent report Dan Driscoll, Vice President, Database Partnerships at EBSCO, entitled “How Readers Discover Content in Scholarly Publications” said that EBSCO’s relevancy ranking involves more than simple that he co-authored with Tracy Gardner. (See my article on the keyword matching, and some metadata fields count more heavily than 1 2016 NFAIS Annual Meeting in the April 2016 issue of ATG and others in scoring. The goal is to determine what an article is about, not the accompanying online version for a full summary of the report.) just find the keywords. Unstructured and imprecise keyword searching Some of its major conclusions are: has been replaced with precise concept searching; user concepts are • Web analytics only show the “last hop”, not the origin of matched with the appropriate equivalent vocabulary terms. “Did you discovery, and they often do not capture either geographical mean” suggestions are a significant advance on spell checking, and origin or users’ demographics. EBSCO’s suggestions were significantly upgraded in 2015. EBSCO • Abstracting and indexing services (A&Is) are still first in has also developed a “Research Starters” product based on data from importance overall, even though a 4-year trend shows some PhDs at Salem Press and Encyclopedia Britannica. Alternative decline. metrics from Plum Analytics (http://plumanalytics.com/) are better • Academic researchers rate library discovery as high as A&Is. than citations and will be added to result lists in EBSCO’s EDS discovery service. • Publishers say they get more referrals from Google than Google Scholar. Christine Stohn, Senior Product Manager at ProQuest/ExLibris, noted that discovery is more than searching; it is a gateway that is used • Lower income countries tend to rate A&Is and Google Scholar in context to guide users to other resources. Users are impatient, mobile, as less important than publisher websites for searching. and social; they want simple fast results, will not read long explanations, Inger concluded that there is no single right answer in discov- and do not like cluttered pages. They are accustomed to personalized ery; many factors including brand, ease of use, information liter- experiences which are difficult to accommodate in discovery services. acy training, and availability of resources influence selection of a Here are some of her conclusions from user and usability studies. discovery service. • Discovery is about finding specific topics and going beyond Discovery Tool Services known items and topics. Mike Showalter, Executive Director, End-User Services at OCLC, • Users often consult with peers and start a search with some said that discovery services, librarians, and publishers share similar knowledge of a topic. goals: they are looking for validation that they have created and pur- • Many users start with Google because they are used to it and chased the right materials. Are users finding information that meets find it simple. their research needs? • Students’ reading lists are often the first entry point for finding As shown here, the discovery landscape has become more complex. material, but they must go beyond the lists. With a combination of aggregations, journal databases, books, archival material, open access repositories, and A&I content, it encompasses A&I Databases in Discovery more than just articles delivered to users. Joelle Masciulli, Head of Research Discovery at Thomson Reu- ters, described the role of Thomson’s Web of Science (WOS) product in discovery. She began by listing some of the top trends affecting research and researchers: • There is an increased focus on collaboration, especially across disciplines and geographic areas. • The demand for open science and data will continue to grow. • Career and reputation management is important everywhere. Researchers need to be sure they are representing themselves well. • All science is computational, so data must be linked at multiple levels. • Problem-oriented contextual research with an emphasis on solving practical rather than theoretical problems is growing, which has resulted in a decline in the distinction between science and technology. The WOS today contains over 62 million high quality records with over 1 billion cited references going as far back as 1898, all of which continued on page 75 74 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 and is used by over 65 publishers and 90,000 researchers. It works by Don’s Conference Notes explaining, sharing, and measuring. from page 74 • Explain: create plain language explanations of publications. Authors create plain language summaries describing what are searchable. It is a unique collection of metadata about the research their article is about and why it is important. ecosystem that can be accessed as a citation network to reveal connec- tions between scholarly works or to generate analytics. Overall usage • Share: create trackable links for sharing. Kudos integrates has grown significantly in recent years; in 2015, the WOS was the top with Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, so a single post can DOI referrer to CrossRef.3 appear in multiple channels. Much of today’s emphasis is still on search, not discovery, so a new • Measure: All authors receive a dashboard that lists their “WOS Everywhere” concept provides quick powerful access to the articles and shows the metrics and data used to measure the global research ecosystem using the world’s leading citation databases. impact of their work. Data is taken from 12,500 of the highest impact journals in the WOS A recent study of over 4,800 researchers showed that Kudos does core database, a new “Emerging Sources Citation Index,” and regional work: sharing increased downloads by 23%. The study also revealed citation indexes from emerging economies. The next step is to further that Facebook is used more commonly for sharing work than one might harness the power of the citation network by viewing the connections expect, but links shared on LinkedIn are more likely to be clicked. among researchers in new ways: through ideas, institutions, funders, Dominic Mitchell, Quality Control Manager of the Directory of etc. so that the way researchers engage with the literature and each Open Access Journals (DOAJ, https://doaj.org/), traced the history of other, explore connections and new disciplines, and keep current will DOAJ since its launch in 2003 and its impact on the discovery of OA be transformed. Discovery must come to the user, which will bring a content. DOAJ now indexes 9,075 journals from 130 countries that more social experience into the WOS. have published over 2.18 million articles. In 2015, there were over 1.5 Jessica Kowalski, Director of Market Development at Elsevier, million referrals to the DOAJ; the top referrers are Serials Solutions said that there has been a decline in usage of A&I products, primarily and EBSCO. because new forms of usage are emerging. In the past, discussions of A&I services have tended to focus on a few key players, but today, the DOAJ was created to provide a comprehensive service listing qual- research landscape has dramatically expanded, as shown here. ity-controlled peer-reviewed OA journals. It is especially valuable to small independently published journals; with its hallmark of quality, DOAJ provides them with a high level of discoverability. Its metadata is free to use and reuse, and it is open to spiders and crawlers, especially Googlebot. It provides a suite of APIs (see https://doaj.org/api/v1/docs) for the development of analysis applications. Discovery is as important as availability, and greater discoverability will lead to a greater use of OA. Publishers and editors know that DOAJ can be trusted and can be used to show faculty, researchers, and librarians that OA journals can be trustworthy outlets for research. Google refers 35% of its traffic (a huge amount) to DOAJ, which offers much more information about journals than Google does, and it also has a strong presence on large social media platforms. In 2015, DOAJ was named as one of the 2 most vital sources for the development of open content. It is a charity that is supported entirely by donations from publishers and libraries, so it is vulnerable in terms of funding. Mitchell therefore encouraged publishers and authors to In 2012, the primary decision criteria for selecting an A&I service consider supporting DOAJ. were the breadth of its database, ease of use, and citation quality; today, Emerging Discovery Tools the criteria are content coverage, author profile capability, and presence Dan Valen, Product Specialist at Figshare (https://figshare.com/), of citation analysis tools. To survive, A&I tools must continue to expand said that Figshare is a general all-purpose data repository in which their role in the research workflow. Formerly, they connected the initial one can easily manage research outputs and make them available in a search to content; now they must also include information from other citable, shareable, and discoverable manner. It provides data manage- sources, such as funding, alternative sources, etc. Disambiguation of ment for institutions, cloud services for publishers, and simplification resources by author or affiliation, integration with local sources, and of the research workflow. analysis of citation data and metrics are all important features for an A&I service to have. Figshare supports the FAIR data principles (data must be Findable, The most frequently used piece of metadata is funding: if you are Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). Metrics are available on all cited, are you also being funded? Researchers with the highest visibility content. Figshare is free for end users and sells its services to publishers receive funding. The current emphasis is on more than citations; we are and institutions. now entering a phase of “publish, be cited and mentioned, or perish.” Sara Rouhi, Director of Business Development, Altmetric, LLP, Article level metrics provide new ways to measure research impact; all said that alternative metrics (altmetrics) unlock opportunities for dis- records in Scopus have them. covery. Here are some useful definitions: Social Media and Open Access Impact on Discovery • Altmetrics: any trace of indicator of online behavior: sharing, downloading, saving, commentary, coverage in news media, This session featured two products with different pathways to dis- citations, engagement on scholarly platforms, web analytics, covery that can complement the traditional services. David Sommer, etc. Co-Founder and Product Director of Kudos (https://www.growkudos. com/), began with a familiar list of today’s information problems, most • Altmetric.com: a data science company dedicated to tracking of which stem from the appearance of over 1 million new publications and analyzing the online activity around scholarly research every year, which in turn results in too much information, many ways outputs to communicate, and many metrics to seek out and analyze. In such an • Research output: any digital object produced in the research environment, how can researchers understand which communications life-cycle. efforts will help their work to stand out? • Online activity: any form of engagement with scholarly re- Kudos, an award-winning toolkit, provides tools to help researchers, search. publishers, and institutions increase the impact of their published work, continued on page 76

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 75 and is incorporated into the bento system. Nearly 60% of the searches Don’s Conference Notes start from the Easy Search Everything tab; only 4% use the Advanced from page 75 Search tab. Users like the bento display of results. There is still a need for a display of catalog item availability and direct links to eBooks. Altmetrics are useful because they accrue in real time and are dy- Remaining questions for discovery systems: namic, in contrast to the long lag times with journal citations. Here are some important points to consider regarding altmetrics: • Are bento displays better? • Altmetrics rarely accrue for most research output. Most alt- • Should the focus be on known-item searching? metrics do not track web analytics. • What is the library’s role in discovery? • Altmetrics speak to attention, not quality (sometimes bad Challenges and Opportunities articles get a lot of attention!). Reputation management is The final session was a general discussion and summary which very important: attention can be positive, negative, or neutral. produced this list of the major conclusions of the workshop: • A post-peer review site should be checked carefully because • Discovery has solved many problems for publishers by ex- its data can be very qualitative; only an assessment of the posing a lot of their content. actual mention uncovers new audiences, collaborators, and opportunities. • Even if no money changes hands, relationships are still im- portant and worth cultivating. • Blog coverage is particularly interesting. • Everything on West and Lexis is not discoverable on a dis- • Altmetric data are used to listen to and amplify what re- covery system. There is lots of content like that. searchers in the field are saying. They allow a researcher to be collegial. • If you are the first one to buy something, you can spend a lot of time creating records for the systems. 4 A User Journey: University Perspective • There is much content in which users are interested that is According to William Mischo, Head, Grainger Engineering Library not articles, such as photos, maps, videos, news, etc. Most Information Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign discovery issues seem to be oriented towards articles. (UIUC), over the last 30 years, discovery has progressed from “su- • Personalization is at a crossroads because of privacy and percatalogs” including A&I services to federated search systems to questions of who the user is. web-scale discovery systems (WSDS). Now we have hybrid systems • How engaging a publisher website is depends heavily on the (also called “bento systems”) which are a combination of WSDS and business model and whether it can get the user to pay some- federated searching and present results with content grouped by type or thing. material. WSDS extend the OPAC and integrate local content. Delivery is the paramount concern for libraries; users want to get to the full text as quickly and easily as possible, and the gateway function of libraries is becoming more important.5 Endnotes Many studies of user behavior exist, but more evidence-based data is needed. The Illinois Transaction Log Analysis (TLA) and user 1. http://www.against-the-grain.com/2016/04/v28-2-dons-conference- notes surveys studied user behavior and found the following6: 2. “The Library in the Life of the User,” Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, • Many queries have over 5 search terms. OCLC Research Report, 2015. (Available at http://www.oclc.org/ • Users make very little use of explicit Boolean operators; content/dam/research/publications/2015/oclcresearch-library-in-life- instead they tend to cut and paste titles, authors, citations, of-user.pdf.) and DOIs into search boxes to formulate their searches. They 3. http://blog.crossref.org/2016/05/where-do-doiclicks-come-from.html depend heavily on the article literature. 4. Also see a summary of another talk on UIUC’s services described • Effective and efficient full text delivery is crucial. under “Researching Researchers: Evidence-Based Strategy for Improved Discovery and Access” in my report on the Electronic Research • Over half of the searches are for known items. & Libraries (ER&L) Conference, http://www.against-the-grain. • Users frequently have a material type in mind when they com/2016/06/v28-3-dons-conference-notes/. search. 5. For a discussion of some challenges to discovery, see “Spotlight • The use of search assistance is high. on the Digital; Recent Trends and Research in Scholarly Discovery Behavior,” Chowcat, Ian, Jisc Report, September 2015. (Available • Gateway tabs to limit searches to material type are used in at https://digitisation.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2015/10/spotlight_litera- about 24% of the searches. ture_review_sept2015.pdf.) The UIUC library’s gateway portal is powered by its in-house 6. Detailed reports on many of UIUC’s analyses are available at http:// developed Easy Search federated search system (see http://library. www.library.illinois.edu/committee/ddst/discoveryresearch.html. illinois.edu) which features contextual and dynamic search assistance

Predators, “Pirates,” and Privacy: Educating Researchers on New Challenges in Publishing — A Charleston Preconference Seminar

his preconference seminar at the 2016 Charleston Conference library. He noted that piracy is not new (the first recorded use of the addressed some growing problems in the publishing industry. term was in 1603), but it became a major issue in the mid-1990s when TSix speakers addressed predatory publishing, piracy, and privacy. information stopped being encoded in physical objects. The Internet has Several of the presentations addressed current issues surrounding Sci- made all copying and dissemination, including piracy, radically easier, Hub, a controversial search engine that provides unauthorized free access and piracy has become very difficult to stop. In addition, a growing to articles outside of publisher paywalls by using access credentials dissatisfaction with the scholarly communication economy has given obtained from researchers.1 rise to an opposition to paying for content. Predatory publishing (which is really deceptive publishing) is both Predatory Publishing old and new, especially in the areas of scholarly monographs and Rick Anderson, Associate Dean for Collections & Scholarly Com- journals. The result has been the appearance of a stream of books munication, University of Utah, and current President of the Society with scholarly sounding titles, but with low quality or relevance and of for Scholarly Publishing (sponsor and organizer of the seminar), began little use to anybody. The Internet has also made it easy for predatory with an overview of pirates and predators from the viewpoint of the continued on page 77

76 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 use in choosing a journal are its reputation, relevance to the discipline, Don’s Conference Notes impact factor, and readership. Finding the right audience is a key factor. from page 76 Most legitimate publishers have spent a long time investing signif- icant effort to establish a reputation; newer ones are the most likely to publishers to issue journals with little expense or investment of time. be hurt by predatory publishers because researchers tend to be skeptical These journals are almost always open access (OA), but criticism of of a relatively unknown publisher. OA is seen as a growth path by many predatory publishing should not be construed as a criticism of the OA publishers even though it has been tarnished by predatory publishers. movement. Predatory publishing is really an outgrowth of the Author The general public and media cannot easily distinguish between a pred- Publishing Charges (APC) model which gives publishers an incentive atory and legitimate publisher, which leads to an undermining of public to accept as many articles as possible. confidence in science. Academia must make these issues a priority and Regina Reynolds, Director, US ISSN Center at the Library of set standards with strict requirements for journals. A third party is needed Congress, said that many people are serving on the editorial boards of to monitor journal behavior, despite possible resistance from publishers. predatory journals, sometimes unknowingly, and some editors-in-chief never even see the articles before publication! The victims of these Copyright Piracy practices are libraries, junior authors, and scholars in developing coun- According to Craig Griffin, Solutions Engineer, Silverchair Infor- tries who need a place to publish. Reynolds quoted data from a recent mation Systems, indications of piracy include mass downloading, data study2 that showed the rapid rise of predatory OA journals in the last breaches from traditional hacking, and sharing content on a massive five years. From 2010 to 2015, the number of predatory journals grew scale. A significant issue in the piracy debate is to determine when from about 1,800 to 8,000. Governments are supporting OA which is sharing becomes piracy: how many people do you need to share with? encouraging, and there are some very high quality OA journals; Sci-Hub was established in response to high article prices, however, the increasing numbers of researchers has also re- the need for access through an institution, and the desire for sulted in a rise in the number of predatory publishers because convenience. Every publisher is affected by it. Even the researchers need a place to publish and many are willing to act of searching for an article by a researcher can lead to its pay to disseminate their results. inclusion in Sci-Hub’s database: if the article is not already The growth of predatory publishers is also raising the in its database, Sci-Hub uses one of its access passwords to concern of librarians, who are in a good position to call find and download it. Elsevier has spearheaded the legal attention to them. Jeffery Beall, a librarian at the Uni- opposition to Sci-Hub. versity of Colorado, Denver, began publishing a list of 3 Ken Varnum, Senior Program Manager, Universi- possible predatory publishers in 2009. Although Beall’s ty of Michigan Library, said that obtaining access to list has some detractors, it has served a useful function in content in the traditional (“right”) way has many advan- raising awareness of predatory publishers. tages. It respects the intellectual property of the author, Since one tactic of predatory publishers is to give their ensures the long-term validity of the scientific record, journals names closely resembling those of legitimate jour- provides altmetric credit where it is due, gets value from nals, Reynolds suggested that one way to distinguish pred- a service the library pays for and demonstrates its value to atory journals would be to assign an ISSN to all journals. management, and provides assurance that the content does Each ISSN has metadata behind it to allow a title to be distinguished not have any viruses. from similar titles; however, Reynolds cautioned that the ISSN is merely However, user experiences with online content could be better, which an identifying number that does not indicate quality or legitimacy. The we can easily see if we consider the steps the user must go through: ISSN Center has published guidelines for issuing an ISSN.4 • Figure out how to start and get on the right network, Reynolds identified these recent promising developments: • Determine how to log in, • The ISSN International Centre has developed the ROAD database,5 a directory of OA scholarly resources, which also • Decide which link is the correct one that will provide the provides information on the quality of OA publications and necessary access, gives a view of global OA scholarly publishing. • If there is a link resolver, find which possible option is the • The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)6 has estab- right one for them, lished best practices and has tightened its criteria for inclusion. • If links are broken, figure out how to report and solve prob- As a result, over 3,000 journals were removed. lems. • The Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OAS- • Finally, get the article. 7 PA) has established principles of transparency and best In contrast, consider the “dark side.” It provides instant access to practices in scholarly publishing. the content through a very smooth user interface, and there is no need to She also suggested that academia could play the following roles: expend staff resources updating entitlement lists or troubleshooting the • Raise the awareness of predatory practices and low quality various elements in the system. There is therefore a strong temptation journals, to access content the easy way, which is efficient but totally wrong. • Assess “publish or perish” requirements, In either case, we still must be concerned with the user’s privacy, • Assess the value of OA journals, confidentiality, and experience, and be able to help users get the informa- • Evaluate journal quality vs. prestige, and tion they need when they cannot find it themselves. The user experience • Scrutinize journal service as editors or editorial board mem- is absolutely critical; if we cannot demonstrate value, we will have a bers. hard time acquiring new technology or new content. Sci-Hub is a wake-up call for publishers. Its continued existence Todd Toler, VP of Digital Project Management at Wiley, discussed despite legal actions against it may be a consequence of access diffi- universal research access in the 21st century. He said that users need culties experienced by researchers. Reynolds wondered if Sci-Hub to be able to start their information journey from anywhere and have is a result of subscription-only access or a symptom of a more general a frictionless experience on any device with an experience as easy as problem with OA. Her conclusion is that we are in transitional times using Sci-Hub. Publisher business models must be preserved without marked by chaotic conditions. blocking IP addresses but must also prevent access to systems such as Sci-Hub. And user privacy and personalization must be protected David Crotty, Editorial Director, Journals Policy, Oxford Universi- without requiring them to register on publishers’ platforms. ty Press, said that many researchers are deliberately choosing to publish in journals from predatory publishers, a large majority of which are Here are some existing issues: located in Africa or Asia. In one way, they can be viewed as a response • Unsecured wi-fi networks are the most vulnerable part of to a market demand. Researchers are using them as a path of least campus computing facilities. resistance to get their work published. Among the factors that authors continued on page 78

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 77 Piracy Don’s Conference Notes • Libraries generally do not provide appropriate user education from page 77 about the use of passwords. • Communication is necessary when a new security system is • Off-campus access is cumbersome. implemented. • Personalization requires registration and authentication on • Many different parties must work together to combat piracy; each publisher site, and each publisher has its own unique how ready are institutions to integrate? (Generally, the larger interface. ones are ready, but the smaller ones are not in a position to • Systems lack scale or an agreed-upon infrastructure between make changes.) information providers and consumers. • What are good things for the user? Confusion stemming Toler suggested the creation of an institution’s authentication server, from the need to log in to systems with different credentials to which new users or users with new devices are automatically directed should go away, so that search and discovery can be a richer when accessing any publisher’s site. Once they authenticate themselves experience. There are benefits to a universal identity system. with that server, they can use their device to access any publisher’s content • IP address management is a difficulty now for many admin- from anywhere in the world. In this model, the authentication moves istrators because access should be based on individuals, not from the publisher’s site to the user’s institution, and there is no further institutions. registration or maintenance. The servers can use any type of authen- tication and transmit only the unique user identification and metadata Privacy required; no personal data is shared. A “WAYF” (Where Are You From) • Pressures on libraries are forcing them to address privacy cloud is an intermediate solution and is still needed. It would provide the issues. They want to deliver good access but also good ROI connection between the user’s device and publisher sites by installing a to administrators. cookie on the user’s device and keep track of all information provider • Libraries have a long tradition of protecting privacy. Policies systems and the content to which the user has access. The main issues are: are well meaning, but now we have a population that is much • How to get this model on to a library’s agenda, more comfortable sharing than in the past. They want to be • The readiness of institutions to maintain these environments, able to access their own data. • Publisher platforms that support this technology, • More experiments are needed; in the future only the data actually needed should be collected. • Maintaining the library’s mandate for privacy but still allowing publishers to transparently collect the usage data they need. • Vendors should help provide some level of support to users; more tracking may help them to be better partners with librar- Privacy ies. We need to study this in more detail. Todd Carpenter, Executive Director of NISO, said that security and privacy are intertwined. If you want to protect something, you must think about the value of what you are trying to protect. There is no common Donald T. Hawkins is an information industry freelance writer definition of private information. What you consider private may vary based in Pennsylvania. In addition to blogging and writing about depending on the circumstances, and things you consider private may conferences for Against the Grain, he blogs the Computers in actually not be. Network analysis might signal something about you; Libraries and Internet Librarian conferences for Information To- for example, if Amazon’s book cover images appear in a catalog and are day, Inc. (ITI) and maintains the Conference Calendar on the ITI clicked on, that might provide an insight into user behavior. We need Website (http://www.infotoday.com/calendar.asp). He is the Editor a better balance between privacy and providing services. The tactics of Personal Archiving: Preserving Our Digital Heritage, (Informa- we now use to understand our users are not working very well; opt-in tion Today, 2013) and Co-Editor of Public Knowledge: Access and systems might be a possible way to protect users’ privacy. Benefits (Information Today, 2016). He holds a Ph.D. degree from Closing Summary the University of California, Berkeley and has worked in the online After some audience round-table discussions, summaries were information industry for over 45 years. presented. Predators Endnotes 8 • Cabells International will be taking over the production of 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub Beall’s list. They have been publishing a journal directory 2. Cenyu Shen and Bo-Christer Björk, “Predatory” Open Access: A for 30 years and are well qualified for this task. Longitudinal Study of Article Volumes and Market Characteristics, BMC • Not everyone has access to an elite university and its informa- Medicine 2015 13:230. (Available at http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral. tion resources. How can we do a better job mentoring junior com/articles/10.1186/s12916-015-0469-2.) faculty and help them build a legitimate career? 3. https://scholarlyoa.com/2016/01/05/bealls-list-of-predatory-publish- • What is the role of research societies? Training for peer ers-2016/#more-6533 review? 4. https://www.loc.gov/issn/ • What is the role of libraries? Some of them provide literature 5. http://road.issn.org/ guides, but it is not clear who reads them. Libraries could 6. https://doaj.org/ perform a useful service by providing ethical training for 7. http://oaspa.org/ scientists. 8. https://www.cabells.com/about-us • Anything publishers issue would be helpful for libraries.

nation into the hands of every possible user on Back Talk the planet. In some exciting ways, INASP is a Some Frankfurt Book Fair from page 86 little closer to the edge of conventional library Facts and Figures: activity, and it benefits from the imagination http://www.buchmesse.de/images/fbm/ librarians. But I came away refreshed by a and generosity of many others in supporting its dokumente-ua-pdfs/2016/facts_and_ sense that for all the money and for all the “big mission. I’m happy that the skills developed figures_2015_en_57076.pdf business” atmosphere, the world of publishing in one very privileged kind of institution can https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_ and libraries still is a community united by a now be put to work for the benefit of people in Book_Fair commitment to putting knowledge and imagi- very different places worldwide.

78 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 ATG PROFILES ENCOURAGED

Michael A. Arthur how/where do I see the industry in five years: The one Head, Resource Acquisition & Discovery question that I am expected to answer is, of course, the toughest. I am The University of Alabama thinking back to my first Charleston Conference in 2000 and I realize that Gorgas 400G, Box 870266 as much as things change, a lot stays the same. The migration to elec- Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487 tronic access, changes in the expectations of faculty and students, and Phone: (205) 348-1493 • Fax: (205) 348-6358 pressure on libraries to show ROI definitely have an impact on what we do. However, we are still focused on supporting the educational and research mission of the university and now we have more opporutities to do that In Bloomington, IN. Born and lived: while also becoming more integrated with the faculty. Five years is really early life: Raised in Bloomington, IN, B.S. and MLS degrees from not that far off. We have seen a lot of rapid change in the past 5-10 years Indiana University in Bloomington, like many boys in Indiana I spent much with eBooks, streaming video, discovery tools, open access, and other of my time playing or watching basketball, and enjoying life by being out- new options for finding and accessing information. The profession has doors as much as possible. I lived in Bloomington until I moved to Ball been inundated with new advances. I do think that in 5 years we need to State University in Muncie, IN, for my first professional librarian position. be more focused on getting content in the hands of users where they are, professional career and activities: I have worked as a pro- and being actively engaged with faculty in order to have a positive impact fessional librarian at Ball State University, Old Dominion University, the Uni- on the research lifecycle and help faculty push new initiatives including versity of Central Florida and now at The University of Alabama. I earned open educational resources. a MPA degree from Old Dominion University. All of these positions have focused on technical services and collection development. My profession- Richard Carlin al activities are usually related to my areas of responsibility and to my own Executive Editor interests within librarianship. I enjoy attending professional conferences Oxford U Press as I find them to be an ideal learning environment that leads to collabora- 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 tion and networking. Phone: (201) 306-7617 Family: I am lucky to have a wonderful family. My wife and children have been supportive of my career and flexible as we have made relocations https://richardcarlin.com as I moved along in my career. My wife is a professional audiologist with Born in Fair Lawn, NJ. Live in Montclair, NJ. two degrees from Indiana University and a doctorate from The University Born and lived: of Florida. She has spent a good portion of her career working in pedi- professional career and activities: Author of over 15 books atric audiology and is currently working for MED-EL, a technology leader on popular music and many articles and reviews. in implantable hearing solutions, where she is able to share her expertise family: My wife is a retired librarian; my cat is an active mouser. with surgeons, audiologists and patients. We have three children. Our son in my spare time: Play the concertina. is now a freshman at The University of Alabama. Our daughters attend Godfather of the Music Business: Morris Levy. high school in Tuscaloosa with the oldest one already taking early college favorite books: courses with The Tide. pet peeves: People who say they value publishing but gripe about paying for books. in my spare time: I enjoy camping, hiking and kayaking. I practice Zen Judaism: “Nothing matters (but I still I enjoy reading books about early American history. philosophy: favorite books: worry).” Work related peeves include colleagues who are not moti- pet peeves: Surviving vated or who put up barriers to positive change. most memorable career achievement: The same I try to remember on a regular basis that I am serving the how/where do I see the industry in five years: philosophy: problems of sustainability will continue; format changes or new technolo- institution I work for and my profession. My intent is to always do what I gies do not answer the basic problem that few consumers value academic think is best for the faculty and students at The University of Alabama while work enough to pay for the cost of its production. also adhering as much as possible to the professional code that has guid- ed me throughout my career. Becky Brasington Clark most memorable career achievement: I feel fortunate to have ended my career at The University of Central Florida after being awarded Director of Publishing the 2015 Excellence in Librarianship Award. One of the Faculty Excellence Library of Congress awards through the Office of the Provost, this award recognizes sustained 101 Independence Ave., SE contributions to the university and the profession. I am honored that my Washington, DC 20540 faculty collegues at UCF selected me for this award. Phone: (202) 707-1520 www.loc.gov goal I hope to achieve five years from now: It is always difficult to foresee how one’s career will change in five years. We have a Born and lived: Urban hillbilly, born and raised in Asheville, NC. I’ve new Dean of Libraries here and he is actively making changes across the spent most of my life in cities on the east coast: Philadelphia, Baltimore, library and is trying to position the library to a have a central role in the ac- and Washington, with short tenures in San Francisco, Berkeley, Bodega ademic mission. My goal right now is to lead efforts at my level to support Bay, and Aiken, SC. the new university and library strategic mission and to remain active within professional career and activities: Launched my career as the profession. I will continue to seek out opportunities to serve profession- a newspaper reporter in Aiken, South Carolina. Migrated into marketing al organizations and to expand my scholarly contributions. continued on page 80

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 79 Jessica Lawrence-Hurt ATG Profiles Encouraged from page 79 International & Institutional Sales & Marketing Manager, The MIT Press communications, publicity, promotion, and sales, mostly in nonprofit orga- 1 Rogers Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 nizations, along with a three-year detour in investment banking (the focus Phone: (617) 258-0582 of a novel I might finish someday). I’ve spent the past 21 years in book publishing. I’ve had the pleasure of working in trade houses, a think tank, mitpress.mit.edu a major university press, and now, the world’s largest library. Born and lived: Born in Albuquerque, NM, grew up in Tuftonboro, NH, live in Boston now, after ten years in Washington, DC. Family: Happily married, with loads of family members in many dimen- sions. Early life: One of seven children; I grew up on a farm on top of a mountain in NH where weekly trips to the public library to stock up on Sewing, reading, writing. in my spare time: reading material kept us all sane. I’m obsessed with history. Two recent favorites in- favorite books: 15 years in academ- clude One Man Against the World (a biography of Nixon) and Five Days at Professional career and activities: ic publishing, bouncing back and forth between acquisitions and sales, Memorial. So many others... and in books, magazines, journals, databases, and back to books! Time pet peeves: Bad grammar, misuse of hyphens, em dashes, and the logged at Science Magazine, Heldref Publications, ICMA, and Alexander word “hopefully.” Street Press, bookended by roles at MIT Press. Member of AAUP, partici- philosophy: Unconditional positive regard (with thanks to Carl Rog- pant in Yale Publishing Program 2015. ers). I believe in peace and kindness. Family: Did I mention I’m one of 7 children? I also have a cat, Jack. Landing my dream job most memorable career achievement: In my spare time: I read, of course! Also enjoy traveling as much as at the Library of Congress. possible, trying new restaurants, museums, theatre, and live music. To work with oth- goal I hope to achieve five years from now: Favorite books: Cloud Atlas, by David Mitchell; The Wind-Up Bird er publishers, libraries, and industry leaders to sustain publishing models Chronicle, by Haruki Murikami; Crime and Punishment, by Dostoevsky, that support foundational scholarship and the dissemination of knowledge. anything by Elana Ferrante (and NO, I don’t want to know who she “really” how/where do I see the industry in five years: We’ll contin- is!), The Whitsun Weddings, by Philip Larkin, and The Four Quartets, by ue to see the erosion of the market-driven model and the necessary emer- T.S. Eliot. gence of a variety of funding models supporting open access publishing. Pet peeves: Rudeness, slurping of liquids, slow drivers. There will continue to be support for the publication of sound scholarship “We work in the dark — we do what we can — we give and serious works in fiction and nonfiction. The business models will con- Philosophy: what we have. Our denial is our passion, and our passion is our task.” tinue to evolve. Henry James Just getting a job in Kathryn Conrad Most memorable career achievement: publishing right out of college (during the dotcom bust and 9/11) felt like Director a little miracle. More recently, giving my first conference presentation (at University of Arizona Press AAUP this year). Phone: (520) 621-0225 Fax: (520) 621-8899 How/where do I see the industry in five years: Publishing is an industry, by and large, of incremental change, and academic pub- www.uapress.arizona.edu lishing even more so. Changes we’ve seen in the last five years will creep forward steadily, such as more OA journals and monographs, better tools Born and lived: From St. Louis, MO, lived in Columbia, MO, while for online reading and annotation of textbooks, and more flexible licensing working at the University of Missouri Press. models for libraries. This year we’ve seen renewed calls for greater diver- professional career and activities: Career publisher and sity in both what is published and who makes those decisions, and I hope book nerd. I’ve done just about every job there is to do in publishing — we see progress on that front in the next five years. from typesetter and copy writer to editorial assistant and sales manager — and loved every one of them. Dennis Lloyd family: Artist/photographer husband, two teenagers, and a corgi named Director Spike. University of Wisconsin Press 1930 Monroe St., 3d Fl, Madison, WI 53711 I study library and information science at the Univer- in my spare time: Phone: (608) 263-1101 • Fax: (608) 263-1120 sity of Arizona’s School of Information. favorite books: All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr; Dan- uwpress.wisc.edu ny, the Champion of the World by Roald Dahl; Their Eyes Were Watching Born in NC. Have lived in IL, KY, PA, AL, FL, and WI. God by Zora Neale Hurston; By the Lake of Sleeping Children: The Secret Born and lived: Life of the Mexican Border by Luis Alberto Urrea. early life: Raised on a dairy farm; first in my family to attend college. Majored in clarinet performance before going on to graduation school in Comma splices. pet peeves: musicology. philosophy: Be willing to fail. professional career and activities: Got my start in scholarly how/where do I see the industry in five years: A dramatic publishing as an acquisitions assistant at the University of Illinois Press, increase in open access to backlist monographic content; steadily where I later became advertising manager. Moved to University Press of increasing collaboration between university presses and university Kentucky and eventually became marketing manager. Served in similar libraries. roles at University of Pittsburgh Press, University of Alabama Press, and continued on page 81

80 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 how/where do I see the industry in five years: I would pre- ATG Profiles Encouraged dict that the university press business (where I reside) will look very differ- from page 80 ent. There will likely be a new economic model and new dissemination and discoverability pathways. University Press of Florida. Was promoted to Deputy Director at UPF be- fore moving to Wisconsin to assume directorship of University of Wisconsin Dr. Carey Newman Press. I have organized and participated on panels at various regional and national meetings of the AAUP, and gave a talk at SXSW.edu on an Director, Baylor University Press OER initiative. Baylor University Dr. Carey Newman is the Director of Baylor Uni- Family: Married; one daughter. versity Press. Before joining Baylor in 2002, Dr. I play competitive Scrabble, bike, row (on the erg), in my spare time: Newman was senior editor for academic books at complete crosswords and other puzzles, read, and enjoy cooking and eat- Westminster John Knox Press (1998-2002). For ing out. ten years Newman also held academic appointments, first as an under- favorite books: William Least-Heat Moon’s Blue Highways and typi- graduate professor at Palm Beach Atlantic University 1989-1993) and then cally whatever I’ve read recently. as an assistant and research professor in a graduate professional school how/where do I see the industry in five years: Increasingly (1993-1998). complex and multifaceted. Just as digital publishing now exists along- A graduate of the University of South Florida, Dr. Newman earned a mas- side print publishing (especially for humanities monographs), I suspect ter’s degree in theology from the University of Aberdeen (Scotland), a OA will develop alongside existing models, rather than actually replace or master of divinity from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, and his supplant them. I hope we will moved beyond trying to apply a one-size- doctorate in religion from Baylor. fits-all model to books and journals, HSS and STEM, for- and non-profit Dr. Newman is the author or editor of three books and numerous academic publishers. and professional articles. He is a participating and contributing member of the Society for New Testament Studies, the Society of Biblical Literature, Nancy L. Maron the Catholic Biblical Association, and the Institute for Biblical Research. President/Founder He is married to Dr. Leanne Lewis, a 1985 Baylor journalism graduate. BlueSky to BluePrint They have two perfect daughters, Savannah (22) and Eliza (20). 69 Oakland Avenue, Yonkers, NY 10710 Phone: (914) 882-8596 Kiren Shoman blueskytoblueprint.com Editorial Director SAGE Publishing Brooklyn! Then: Englewood, NJ; New Haven, CT; Born and lived: 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road Paris, France; Brooklyn again. Now: Yonkers, NY. London EC1Y 1SP EARLY LIFE: Public school kid, always out of the house at the crack of Phone: +44 (0)207 342 8525 dawn usually for marching or jazz band, depending on the season. I’ve worked in and around PROFESSIONAL CAREER AND ACTIVITIES: Born and lived: I was born in Belize, but moved to the UK in 1988 publishing: trade, library reference, textbooks, and scholarly. Once for where I went to Sussex University as an undergraduate. Afterward, I fun, I created an author speaker series for Coliseum Books (NYC), my ex- moved to London, where I am currently located. cuse to meet Susan Sontag, Tony Kushner and others. After grad school in history, I migrated to ITHAKA, where I got to merge my research and early life: I grew up in San Ignacio, in the Cayo District of Belize; I business backgrounds in a terrific role studying … new forms of publishing have fond memories of daily swims in the river after school to cool down. and the business models to support them. Today, doing same in a new professional career and activities: I have worked at SAGE start-up, BlueSky to BluePrint. Publishing since 1995, where I started as an editorial assistant and moved Married, with two utterly fabulous daughters. through the organization as an editor, publisher and then manager. I’ve FAMILY: worked across the books and journals programs and now have thrown SPARE TIME: Reading, puttering, serving as president of Yonkers Public myself in to launching video. Library Board of Trustees. Music, listening and playing. family: I have two children: Kamal, 14 and Maya, 10. John Sherer in my spare time: I’m really enjoying spending time with my kids as Director they grow up, always trying to recall what it feels like to be a teenager The University of North Carolina Press (though it was a very different experience in the days before all these 116 S Boundary St, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 screens!). Visiting friends, walking, and reading are my favourite pastimes. Phone: (919) 962-3748 favorite books: There are so many books to enjoy out there that I tend to stay away from re-reading books. So I feel a bit unusual in that I www.uncpress.org don’t have old favourites that I return to time and again. A book I’ve only recently read and was really struck by was The Book of Night Women by Born and lived: Navy brat; lots of California, and then DC, NYC, NC. Marlon James (2009). professional career and activities: Bookselling and publish- ing. pet peeves: I have a Caribbean accent, live in London and work a lot with US colleagues. My pet peeve is being told how to pronounce words! family: 2 teenage daughters. I sincerely feel Running, reading, binge-television. goal I hope to achieve five years from now: in my spare time: that our new Video programme fits perfectly within our mission to publish favorite books: Sebald, Faulkner, Orwell. high quality educational and scholarly works that support the entire aca- most memorable career achievement: College intramural demic community and ultimately, improve aspects of our social world. In championship in badminton. continued on page 82

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 81 how/where do I see the industry in five years: As far as the ATG Profiles Encouraged film/library industry, I think streaming films are the direction of the future from page 81 — really, having everything available and accessible online, immediately (as users increasingly demand), including streaming films and PDF/online five years, I’d like to see SAGE Video become a central part of our output books. I love my print books but imagine everything will be available on- and to have grown the video division to include all of the core disciplines line in the near future, even though print books will remain an important that make up our books and journals programmes. part of academia and pleasure. how/where do I see the industry in five years: In five years, I expect the industry to be much more at ease with the growing range of Stephen Rhind-Tutt content and format types that are increasingly relevant to furthering higher President education, such as a wide range of media like video, archives and new Alexander Street software that supports large amounts of data. To meet these needs, I see 3212 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314 the library, the classroom, and study environments enabling these new Phone: (571) 969-1962 forms of content. However, though the formats and delivery platforms may change, I have no doubt that books and journals are here to stay, and www.alexanderstreet.com certainly expect that to be true in five years’ time. Born and lived: Born in Windsor, UK. I’ve been lucky to live in many Dr. Leandra Preston-Sidler different places including London, UK: Jever, Germany; Wavre, Belgium; San Francisco, and Boston. Associate Lecturer University of Central Florida Early life: I went to a boarding school in the UK while my parents lived 158 Harding Avenue abroad. It was quite an experience being put on a plane aged 10 or so Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 and flying as an “unaccompanied minor.” I graduated from high school, Phone: (407) 620-6865 took a year out travelling around Mexico and Central America, and then went on to study English at University College London. Born and lived: Orlando, Florida — born, raised. I worked for a consumer foods company — you’d know them best for Hell- mann’s Maynonaise or Knorr soup. Initially I was in sales, then a brand Early Life: Born and raised in Orlando, Florida. My mom is from Italy and my dad from Kentucky, so it was a unique cultural mix. Happy life manager. I used to have to come up with the verbiage on the back of soup overall, with some rebellious teenage years — I was always pushing it, packets. They sold in the millions, making it possible for me to claim that whatever it was at the time. But my mama was always pushing back, I’m a “multi-million copy selling author.” thankfully. Stayed in Florida and moved to Cocoa Beach in 2004. Professional career and activities: I came to the US in 1987 for my MBA. I was hired by Abt Books, Inc, a fledgling CD-Rom publisher, Professional Career and Activities: I earned my B.A. and M.A. in Literature from the University of Central Florida, then taught English after which I moved to take over SilverPlatter’s Health Science business. Composition at UCF for a few years before moving into Women’s Studies From there I moved to Gale where I was responsible for product man- where I have been since 2004. I was the first full-time faculty member in agement. Then I became head of Chadwyck-Healey (US) just as it was Women’s Studies at UCF and have played an integral role in the develop- moving from CD-Roms to the internet. It was a very exciting time to be ment of the program, which is now Women’s and Gender Studies. In 2007, launching products like Literature Online and Digital Sanborn Maps. When I started a non-profit organization, Animal Safehouse of Brevard, which fos- CH was acquired by ProQuest I founded Alexander Street, together with ters pets of women in domestic violence shelters. That has been a labor of my colleagues Eileen Lawrence, Pat Carlson, Janice Cronin and others. In love but a necessary program in our county (and every county should pro- June — after 16 years — we sold Alexander Street to ProQuest. vide such a service until domestic violence shelters have kennels on-site). I’ve had an incredibly fulfilling career. When I started there was very little Family: I have one older sister who is my lifeline. My parents have been except A&I databases, most of which were only available through BRS and married for 50 years. I have a 3-year-old daughter who I raise solo — she Dialog or via tape direct to libraries. Over the years I’ve seen pretty much is a silly brilliant handful. We have a long-haired Chihuahua (rescue from every type of content move online — and together with colleagues at the Animal Safehouse) and a Yorkie. above companies I’ve been involved in the launch of some 500 electronic products. I’ve watched products on sepia colored ASCII UIs, delivered In my spare time: I don’t have much of that but I mostly hang out with my daughter and family, go to the beach, shop online, watch TV, and on suitcase sized screens migrate to video delivered on phones. Quite spend too much time on Facebook. a journey! I’m married with 3 kids — ages 7, 10 and 13. Favorite books: Toni Morrison Beloved; Anne Sexton Complete Po- family: ems; Augusten Burroughs Dry and Running with Scissors. in my spare time: I’m a big fan of movies, I like playing with the kids, I like eating out and travelling. Pet peeves: Ignorance, people with no personality. Philosophy: Be the Change. And something my mom instilled in us: favorite books: I like books that deal with a historical issue in real “you can do and be anything you set your mind to.” depth — most recently I read Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway. It was just great to understand in real depth how luck, Most memorable career achievement: Getting my PhD (in Texts and Technology) while teaching full-time with a newborn. It took six people, and technology came to make such an impact on history. years after a seven year hiatus and I was going through significant person- philosophy: “Do it with all thy might,” a passage from Ecclesiastes, al turmoil but, as my mom told me, I could do it and I did. was my school motto. I found it pretty corny at the time, but I keep turning to it in times of trouble. In life you can’t really do much more than try your Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: I would like to be on a tenure track appointment (we don’t have one in Women’s and hardest. And my experience is that if you do so, you are rewarded. Even Gender Studies yet), ideally a joint appointment with Women’s Studies and if you fail you still have the consolation you could have done nothing more. Texts and Technology. As a single parent, I want/need to make more mon- most memorable career achievement: Building up Alexander ey and would like to do so while doing what I love, teaching and promoting Street with my colleagues. social justice. continued on page 83

82 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 Jenya Weinreb ATG Profiles Encouraged from page 82 Managing Editor Yale University Press PO Box 902040, New Haven, CT 06520-9040 goal I hope to achieve five years from now: I’d really have liked to come up with the next generation of innovation in the library space. Phone: (203) 432-0914 During my career I’ve been lucky to be at the forefront of the move to CD- Fax: (203) 432-0948 ROM, in moving A&I databases, journals, books, music and video to the web. I’d really like to continue that trajectory. Born and lived: I’m a city person. I was born in Boston and have lived in Washington, DC; Providence, RI; Paris; Philadelphia; and New York how/where do I see the industry in five years: More content will be made digital. I know there’s been a resurgence of print lately, but City. For the past fifteen years the comparatively small town of New Haven, the trend to digital has been inexorable for the past 20 years. I don’t see it CT, has been my home. changing, rather accelerating. professional career and activities: Beginning with a job as Metrics and other analytical tools will increasingly drive expenditures and editorial assistant at The MIT Press, I have worked in university press pub- behaviors. Librarians and colleges will increasingly want to make sure lishing since 1990 and at Yale University Press since 1994. they get value for money. family: I’m the daughter of a musician and a physicist. My husband is Functionality will both become easier (like Google) and more sophisticated a middle-school technology specialist, and our son studies public policy (new features that allow data mining, additional analysis, sharing etc). and creative writing. There will be more consolidation, as network effects favor larger sites with in my spare time: Odds are you’ll find me at some sort of concert ven- more users. ue or community theater, as an audience member or occasional performer. There will be more open content and more inter-linking between resources. favorite books: An avid reader of fiction from Alcott to Zusak, I try not to play favorites. We’ll collectively do an ever better job for patrons. They’ll be able to learn faster, they’ll be able to conduct better research. how/where do I see the industry in five years: When politi- cians discount facts and reject scientific conclusions, then it’s even more imperative for in-depth research, fresh informed ideas, critical thinking, and artistic expression to find their way into the world. We’ll continue that pursuit as technology evolves.

COMPANY PROFILES ENCOURAGED

Alexander Street, a ProQuest Company goal of publishing large-scale digital collections of exceptional quality in Main address and affiliated addresses: the humanities and social sciences. We specifically sought out rare, hard US Headquarters to find content and added functionality to it — so fulfilling our mission of 3212 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314 “making silent voices heard.” United States Our first products were letter-and-diary collections in American history and Toll Free: 800-889-5937 women’s history. From there, we expanded our text-based online offerings Local: 703-212-8520 into fields including drama and the performing arts, black history, and Latin UK Office American literature. 30 Queen’s Road, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 4AU In 2004, we acquired Classical International Ltd. and became the first United Kingdom company to offer streaming media collections to libraries. This has since Tel: +44 (0)118 957 5659 expanded to include more than ten million tracks, millions of pages of China Office scores, thousands of videos and related content. No. 201 NingXia Road, Room 6J Shanghai China P.R. In 2006, we launched our first streaming video collection, Theatre in Video. Tel: +86 21 386875 Alexander Street is now the leading vendor of streaming video into libraries Websites: alexanderstreet.com with over 60,000 titles, exclusive rights to distribute programming such as openmusiclibrary.org Sixty Minutes and more than 60 collections. In recent years we launched what has become the largest library data- Officers: Stephen Rhind-Tutt, President; Andrea Eastman-Mullins, COO; David Parker, SVP Licensing and Editorial; Eileen Lawrence, SVP; base of streaming video — Academic Video Online. We’ve innovated with Julie Stevens, General Manager Asia-Pacific; Adam Gardner, General demand driven business models including Patron Driven Acquisition, Evi- Manager Europe dence Based Acquisition and most recently Access to Own — which allow patrons to access a collection in its entirety and choose selected titles to Streaming video, Rich, multi-format Key products and services: own at the end of a subscription. digital collections, Audio music tracks, Text / reference databases. Over the years we’ve fulfilled our mission in many ways. We were the first We serve primarily academic, public, Core markets/clientele: company to create a film script database — making canonical screenplays and school libraries worldwide. such as Casablanca and Singing in the Rain available for the first time. Number of employees: 100 We are still the only company to offer actual, anonymized transcripts of History and brief description of your company/publish- therapists and their clients. This year we launched Disability in the Mod- ing program: Alexander Street was founded in May 2000, with the continued on page 84

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 83 ATG Profiles Encouraged SAGE Publishing from page 83 SAGE Thousand Oaks (Headquarters) SAGE Publications, Inc. ern World and Caribbean Studies in Video — both collections specifically 2455 Teller Road intended to give voice to communities that have typically been neglected. Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA In the Summer of 2016 we became part of ProQuest, where we plan to Phone: 1-800-818-7243 continue our tradition. Fax: 1-800-583-2665 SAGE Washington, DC BlueSky to BluePrint, LLC SAGE Publications, Inc. 2600 Virginia Ave NW, Suite 600 69 Oakland Avenue, Yonkers, NY 10710 Washington, DC 20037 USA Phone: (202) 729-1800 @nancymaron Phone: (914) 882-8596 SAGE Asia-Pacific blueskytoblueprint.com 3 Church Street #10-04 Samsung Hub BlueSky to BluePrint supports pub- Key products and services: Singapore 049483 lishers, librarians and all those engaged in building innovative new prod- Phone: 65 6220 1800 ucts and services in the academic and cultural sectors. Consulting ser- Fax: 65 6438 1008 vices include support for early stage initiatives and business strategy for mature and growing ventures. Service areas include qualitative and quan- SAGE London itative research in user needs, market analysis, product definition, funding SAGE Publications Ltd. models, operational strategy and marketing. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London, EC1Y1SP UK Core markets/clientele: Publishers, librarians, digital project di- rectors, funders, and all those engaged in creating, developing, and sus- Phone: +44 (0) 207 324 8500 taining innovative digital initiatives. Fax: +44 (0) 207 324 8600 SAGE India SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd. The MIT Press B-1/I-1, Mohan Cooperative Industrial Estate Main address and affiliated addresses: Mathura Road, Post Bag 7 US: 1 Rogers Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 New Delhi 110 044 INDIA UK: Suite 2 Phone: +91-11-4053 9222 1 Duchess Street, London, W1W 6AN UK Fax: +91-11-4053 9234 Phone: 800-405-1619 SAGE Melbourne mitpress.mit.edu Level 9, 2 Queen Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia association memberships, etc.: AAUP, SSP, AAP, UKSG, ACRL. Telephone: 1-800-818-7243 Key products and services: Trade and professional books, text- books, journals, digital resources. Fax: 1-800-583-2665 www.sagepublishing.com Core markets/clientele: General readers; academic scholars, researchers, and students; libraries. Affiliated companies: CQ Press: www.cqpress.com Adam Matthew: http://www.amdigital.co.uk/ 100 number of employees: Corwin: www.corwin.com number of books published annually (print, electronic, Learning Matters: http://www.uk.sagepub.com/learningmatters/ open access, etc.): Approximately 220 Officers: Blaise R. Simqu, President & Chief Executive Officer number of journals published annually (print, elec- Tracey A. Ozmina, Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer, US 190 tronic, open access, etc.): Chris Hickok, Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer 4,500 total number of books on your backlist (in print): Stephen Barr, President of SAGE International total number of journals currently published: 32 Michele Sordi, Senior Vice President, US College History and brief description of your company/publish- Karen Phillips, Senior Vice President, Global Learning Resources ing program: The MIT Press is committed to re-imagining what a uni- Bob Howard, Senior Vice President, Global Journals versity press can be. Known for iconic design, rigorous scholarship, and Ziyad Marar, Global Publishing Director creative technology, the Press advances knowledge by publishing signifi- Katharine Jackson, Chief Operating Officer, UK cant works by pioneering international authors. The MIT Press is the only university press in the United States whose list Association memberships, etc.: SAGE Publishing has forged is based in science and technology, but publish in fields as diverse as art, strong partnerships with societies and associations for more than 50 years, architecture, economics, cognitive science, game studies, and computer publishing on behalf of more than 400 societies in 2016. science. Vital information: SAGE has been a privately owned company since its founding in 1965. Our founder and executive chairman, Sara Miller McCune, has put in place an estate plan that guarantees our inde- pendence indefinitely. This allows us to uphold our mission of supporting the dissemination of usable knowledge and educating a global community for the long-term. continued on page 85

84 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 14 ATG Profiles Encouraged number of employees: from page 84 number of books published annually: 55 print / e- simultaneous total number of books on your backlist (in print): 1200 Key products and services: Journals, books, and digital resourc- es for researchers, instructors, students, and librarians. History and brief description of your company/publish- ing program: Founded in 1959, the University of Arizona Press is the Core markets/clientele: Academic, educational, and profession- premier publisher of academic, regional, and literary works in the state al markets. of Arizona. Our editorial program features scholarly titles in Indigenous Number of employees: More than 1,500 studies, anthropology, archaeology, Latino studies, history, Latin American studies, and the space sciences, as well as works of contemporary Native Number of books published annually: More than 800 American and Latino literature and general interest books on Arizona and More Total number of journals currently published: the Southwest borderlands. than 1,000

History and brief description of your company/publish- University of North Carolina Press ing program: Guided by an unwavering dedication to academia and an entrepreneurial spirit, the passionate and determined Sara Miller Mc- 116 S Boundary Street Cune founded SAGE Publishing in 1965 just a few months shy of her 24th Chapel Hill, NC 27514 birthday. With the help of her mentor and future husband George McCune, Phone: (919) 962-0358 Sara founded a publishing house that would allow scholars to dissemi- www.uncpress.org nate quality research in their own voices, often breaking ground in new or affiliated companies: Longleaf Services emerging areas of study. The company’s name — SAGE — is derived from the first two letters of their names. number of books published annually: 105 books in print and digital formats More than 50 years later, SAGE remains an independent company that shares with librarians the belief that flourishing educational programs and number of journals published annually: 9 journals in print engaged scholarship create healthy minds and healthy societies. Our pub- and digital formats lishing program ranges across the social sciences, humanities, medicine, total number of books on your backlist (in print): ~5000 and engineering and includes journals, books, and digital products such as case studies, data, and video for academic and professional markets. History and brief description of your company/publish- For over ninety years, the University of North Carolina We value working closely with librarians to achieve shared goals, including ing program: Press has earned national and international recognition for quality books partnering on white papers and research projects to ensure that together and the thoughtful way they are published. A fundamental commitment to we meet the changing needs of students, researchers, and instructors. publishing excellence defines UNC Press, made possible by the generous Anything else that you think would be of interest to support of individual and institutional donors who created its endowment. In response to big changes in the instruction and prac- our readers?: In 1922, on the campus of the nation’s oldest state university, thirteen dis- tice of social science research methodology, SAGE is investing in new ways tinguished educators and civic leaders met to charter a publishing house. to support the researcher community. For example, we recently relaunched Their creation, the University of North Carolina Press, was the first univer- MethodSpace, our global community site and online network for research- sity press in the South and one of the first in the nation. Today, the UNC ers to connect and find resources and other support for their work. Also, Press imprint is recognized worldwide as a mark of publishing excellence over the summer, we redesigned and relaunched SAGE Research Methods — both in what we publish and in how we publish it. UNC Press books ex- (SRM), our comprehensive digital methods resource accessed through the plore important questions, spark lively debates, generate ideas, and move campus library and recently, we launched a collection of 480+ videos that fields of inquiry forward. They illuminate the life of the mind. With almost illustrate how research is done as a part of SRM. Furthermore, we are en- 5,000 titles published and almost 3,000 titles still in print, UNC Press pro- gaging with so-called “big data” research in new ways. For example, we re- duces books that endure. cently published a white paper called “Who is doing Computational Social Science” which reveals the findings of a survey of 9,000+ researchers and have launched a new monthly newsletter to keep researchers up to date Yale University Press on what is going on in the world of big data (and welcome all to sign up!). P.O. Box 209040 From our first methods journals in 1972 to the QASS and QRM series New Haven, CT 06520-9040 published since the 1970s (aka the “Little Green Books” and “Little Blue Phone: (203) 432-0960 Books”), to the launch of SRM in 2011, and our expanding support of da- Fax: (203) 432-0948 ta-intensive social science research; we’ve been honored to serve social yalebooks.com scientists at the forefront of research methods publishing for more than four number of books published annually: More than 400 (includ- decades. And we are dedicated to supporting librarians as they support ing titles distributed for museum partners). researchers, students, and instructors through this journey. total number of books on your backlist (in print): About 5,000 University of Arizona Press Main Library Building, 5th Floor History and brief description of your company/publish- 1510 E. University Boulevard ing program: Founded in 1908, Yale University Press is one of the Tucson, AZ 85721 oldest and largest American University Presses. By publishing serious Phone: (520) 621-1441 works that contribute to a global understanding of human affairs, Yale Uni- Fax: (520) 621-8899 versity Press aids in the discovery and dissemination of light and truth, lux et veritas, which is a central purpose of Yale University. The publications of association memberships, etc.: Association of American Univer- the Press are books and other materials that further scholarly investigation, sity Presses, Publishers Association of the West advance interdisciplinary inquiry, stimulate public debate, educate both Key products and services: Publisher of scholarly and regional books. within and outside the classroom, and enhance cultural life.

Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017 85 Back Talk — The Frankfurt Book Fair 2016 Column Editor: Ann Okerson (Advisor on Electronic Resources Strategy, Center for Research Libraries)

o experience cutting edge in the book a great research university. That world of li- my favorite there was the huge local shop of business, one has to go to a city that’s brary licensing has now grown from its humble Gudrun Sjödén, the colorful Swedish designer Tfive hundred years old. Every October, beginnings to something vastly larger, where who has begun branching out to cities around over a quarter of a million people descend on buyers are represented by consortia of every the world. And there’s no shortage of evening Frankfurt for the Buchmesse. The first Book stripe. Although these days publishers and receptions, as well as wonderful dining. Fair was held in 1454, just about the date on library licensors know each other better, the But one goes to the Fair because there’s which Gutenberg was turning out his first complexities of the business are great and the real work to be done. I was attending this Bibles, 25 miles away in Mainz. With ups amount of money changing hands still greater. year with the remarkable Anne Powell, Pro- and downs, the Fair has been an annual event Frankfurt can be an unglamorous city, as gramme Manager at INASP (formerly called ever since. A conscious decision was made fairgoers get there just in time for the cold the International Network for Availability of in 1949 to revive and promote it, and what and rain of October. This year, we were a Scientific Publications), the UK not-for-profit we see and experience now is a result of that couple of weeks past Oktoberfest, so the that works around the world to connect readers inspired decision the year after the revival of delights — I recall one year fresh hot potato in developing countries to the most important the Deutschmark and a year before people first pancakes, Kartoffelpuffers, from a kiosk on scientific and scholarly publishing, as well as spoke of the German Wirtschaftswunder — the pedestrian mall — are fewer, but the city to provide support for research, education, and “Economic Miracle.” makes a huge effort to welcome us. (Fair publication. Working with consortia in devel- Once upon a time, booksellers and publish- registration includes a pass good for unlimited oping countries is a special niche of licensing ers had to come to Frankfurt to see what had use of public transportation while you’re there, work, dependent on the commitment of the been published and what was on offer. Now and it’s an excellent system.) The Fair itself smallest to largest commercial publishers to we have more ways (and Book Fair clones) is beautifully organized in the vast halls of making their output available to users in places of getting information that pedestrian; but, if the “Messe” — which is used at other times where the first-world pricing models we love anything, the appeal of meeting, seeing, and of the year for many other kinds of fairs and to complain about just can’t work. INASP greeting has increased. The core business of meetings. People have to eat! The food trucks has projects in 22+ countries, and having had the Frankfurt Book Fair is business: doing are a variable delight, heavy on the pretzels the opportunity to meet some of the senior the deals that make the world of publishing go and bratwurst (70% of the people attending scientists in countries like Bangladesh has around. Buying, selling, and licensing rights are German, after all). It takes a sturdy pair given me a sense of enormous satisfaction as make the Fair a lucrative venue for people of sneakers to get from one floor to another, researchers become part of the global scientific from all over the world — literally. Now an one booth to another (over 7,000 exhibitors), community. What we learned over and over in American author’s agent is likely to be seen and it’s a MUST to have all one’s meetings our publisher meetings at the Fair is that our negotiating rights for Chinese translation with scheduled well in advance, because everyone publisher partners are also passionate about the semi-official state press that also publishes is so busy. For example, at one big publisher’s supporting emerging countries. the collected speeches of the supreme leader booth (Cambridge University Press), we INASP wouldn’t be doing its job if it of the moment. It’s also the venue of choice arrived on time for our appointment, but still weren’t also pushing forward to make sure for many parallel meetings — for example, had to wait for a small table at which to sit and that the important set of users it represents are the International STM organization’s annual have our meeting — the several tables were connected to the most important innovative fall meeting. all in use for other scheduled appointments! techniques and enterprises. For example, And then there are throngs of people like (I began scheduling appointments in July, 3 we attended a riveting presentation about me, working at a slightly less exalted level. months in advance.) Yewno, an exciting new type of discovery I’ve gone to the Fair off and on for over Quick daytrips are possible — my favorite tool. Stanford University Library is a beta twenty years. When electronic journals were is to Wiesbaden a few miles west, tester, and University Librarian Mike Keller young (1996), I remember an the home of our colleagues at happened to be at the stand to give us a aisle conversation in the exhibit Harrassowitz, the great and hospi- demonstration. Anne and I had a meeting with halls with Academic Press (a table German book publisher and Kent Anderson, CEO of RedLink, about the firm later absorbed by Elsevier bookdealer that has made North Library Dashboard, with its distinctive way of — in the year 2000), where American libraries their special presenting usage metrics. We discussed how we concluded one of the first market. And when one needs RedLink’s offerings could bring high value to licensing deals for bringing a little relief, there’s actually a library consortia in developing countries (those electronic journals to users in lot of interesting shopping — discussions continue). We were privileged to meet up with many long-time INASP friends and supporters, for example: Lenny Allen (OUP); Anne Dav- ADVERTISERS’ INDEX enport (Geological Society); Toby Green (OECD); Herman Pabbruwe (Brill); Anne 23 accessible Archives 8 the Charleston Report 88 Midwest Library Service Snoeyenbos (Project MUSE); Kim Steinle 9 alexander Street, a ProQuest Co. 7 cold Spring Harbor Lab Press 13 ProQuest (Duke); Martha Whittaker (ASM); and 59 american Pharmacists Association 11 copyright Clearance Center 45 rittenhouse Book Distributors many more — 24 scheduled appointments! Thanks to all for their support! 31 annual Reviews 37 emery-Pratt 19 sPIE Digital Library In summary, new work is begun at the Fair, 27 asME 3 gobi Library Solutions 87 world Scientific Publishing Co. some long-struggled-over work is completed, 5 atg 2 igi Global and of course there are some frustrating meet- ings as well. In the great world of Frankfurt, 15 the Charleston Advisor 39 McFarland an organization such as INASP is like a small For Advertising Information Contact: Toni Nix, Ads Manager, puppy running around between the legs of the , Phone: 843-835-8604, Fax: 843-835-5892. bigger dogs, and the Fair is hardly aimed at continued on page 78

86 Against the Grain / December 2016 - January 2017