Western Expansion: Part 1 – Study Guide The War of 1812 Early Expansion The U.S. declared war on Great Britain because Northwest Ordinance opened new territory to Britain supported the Native Americans in their settlers, guaranteed freedom of religion and the fight against settlers. right to a trial by jury. It was the first area in the U.S. to ban slavery. Francis Scott Key – wrote the “Star-Spangled Banner” when he saw the American flag still flying over Fort McHenry. Daniel Boone – created the Wilderness Road. By cutting down trees and clearing brush, he fixed up Andrew Jackson – became a national hero during trails that became the main way people traveled to the Battle of New Orleans, even though the war the west. was over. (He later became President)

Louisiana Purchase – Jefferson wanted to buy New One effect of the War of 1812 was that Americans Orleans from France. The U.S. actually bought the felt a surge of national pride. entire Louisiana Territory, which doubled the size of the U.S. Adams-Onis Treaty – U.S. bought Florida from Spain to avoid war. expedition - a journey for a specific purpose Monroe Doctrine – warned European nations pioneer – a person who settles a new part of a not to colonize in he Americas. country.

Lewis & Clark – hired by Jefferson to explore the The Industrial Revolution Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific Ocean (They did NOT find a water route) cotton gin – made growing cotton more profitable They kept journals about the geography, plants, by cleaning raw cotton much faster than manually, or animals and Native American culture. Because of by hand. their maps more people began moving west. reaper – a machine with sharp blades to cut grain. Sacagawea – Shoshone girl who served the Corps Reapers could harvest four times as much grain as of Discovery as an interpreter and guide. people working by hand. mechanical plow – horse-drawn iron plow that Zebulon Pike – explorer hired by Jefferson to find replaced hand tools to plant seeds. It made planting the source of the Mississippi. He never did, but he quicker and easier. climbed part of the Rocky Mountains and Pike’s Peak John Deere’s plow – a polished steel blade plow that is named for him. could cut through tough soil without mud sticking to it.

Because of these important people and events, National Road – connected the East Coast with the Americans began settling the West. However, this West and made it easier to settle new lands. movement caused Native Americans to lose more Erie Canal – connected Lake Erie with the Hudson and more of their homeland. River and the Atlantic Ocean. The canal made foreign trade very profitable. railroads – became the main form of transportation and reduced shipping costs to make good affordable.

Map Skills - Be able to label a map of the U.S. with immigrants – people from Europe and other the Appalachian Mountains, Mississippi River, countries who were looking for a better life. Louisiana Territory, Florida and the Rocky Mountains