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Indiana Territory Indiana Territory The Indiana Historian A Magazine Exploring Indiana History Indiana was admitted to the Union Territorial Governor William as the nineteenth state on Decem- Henry Harrison spent much time Focus ber 11, 1816. Leading up to that making treaties with Indian tribes event were many years of prepara- to buy their lands. Relations with tion as the United States tried to Indian tribes are briefly discussed Front cover illustration: Two entries define itself as a nation after the on page 10. from the original Journal of the American Revolution. A major issue was financing Proceedings of the Executive Government When the U.S. won the government. A summary is pre- of the Indiana Territory located in the Indiana State Archives, Commission on American Revolution, it also won sented on page 11. Public Records. The upper illustration is hundreds of thousands of square On pages 12-13, the ques- the first page, written by Secretary John miles of land east of the Missis- tion of slavery in the territory is Gibson. It is dated July 4, 1800, the official beginning of the Indiana Territory. sippi River. The Treaty of Paris in introduced. It was not written, however, until July 22 1783 with Great Britain defined On page 14, a journal ex- when Gibson arrived in Vincennes. The the borders of the U.S. (Patrick, 8). cerpt and other material provide lower illustration from January 10, 1801 An important first step was to some insight into life during this records the arrival of Governor William Henry Harrison (Woollen, 91, 95). survey the land so that it could be period. sold to settlers. On pages 3-4, The bibliography and addi- Back cover illustration: A plat map of there is an introduction to how tional resources are provided on Vincennes in 1792 located in the Indiana Division, Indiana State Library. The Congress accomplished that need. page 15. document by Samuel Baird is labeled The Ordinance of 1784 and The timeline throughout “Plat of the Village of Vincennes on the the Ordinance of 1787 were provides many details for a Ouabache in the County of Knox & Territory North West of Ohio June 10th passed by Congress to provide an broader historical context. Will- 1782.” It is 26.5 x 19.25 inches in size. orderly process of government to iam Henry Harrison’s life and form new states. These ordinances career are highlighted in the are discussed on page 5. Specific timeline. steps for the formation of Indiana A plat map of Vincennes in The Indiana Historian March 1999 are charted on page 6. 1792 is reproduced on the back ISSN 1071-3301 Order Number 7047 A brief introduction to the cover. Part of the official record of Editor Northwest Territory is on page 7. the beginnings of Indiana Terri- Pamela J. Bennett Lead Researcher An introduction to Indiana Terri- tory is reproduced on the front Paula A. Bongen tory is on pages 8-9. cover. Designer Dani B. Pfaff Contributing Editors Carole M. Allen, Janine Beckley, Alan Conant, Dani B. Pfaff, Virginia Terpening The Indiana Historian provides re- sources and models for the study of local history to encourage Indiana’s citizens of all ages to become engaged with the his- You be the historian tory of their communities and the state of Indiana. The Indiana Historian (formerly The • Sites related to the state’s territo- day? How important is land survey Indiana Junior Historian) is issued quar- rial and early statehood periods have information today? Compare survey- terly from March through December. It is a membership benefit of the Indi- been preserved. Find out more about ing today with surveying in 1785. ana Junior Historical Society. One compli- those sites. • Discuss the question of the dis- mentary subscription is provided to Indi- ana libraries, school media centers, and • Investigate what your town, placement of Native Americans so cultural and historical organizations. county, or region was like in the that Americans could settle the lands. Annual subscriptions are available for $5.00 plus tax. Back issues are available territorial period before Indiana be- How has this issue continued into the at individual and bulk pricing. came a state. This material is available to visually present day? impaired patrons in audio format, cour- • Identify the names and dates of • Identify and discuss some modern tesy of the Indiana History Project of the statehood of the thirty-one states Indiana Historical Society. Tapes are avail- issues of land use and displacement able through the Talking Books Program of that entered the Union under the of citizens. the Indiana State Library; contact the Talk- ing Books Program, 317-232-3702. terms of the Northwest Ordinance. • Discuss how eighteenth-century The Indiana Historian is copyrighted. Six more states have subsequently communication technology affected Educators may reproduce items for class use, but no part of the publication may be entered the Union. When—and un- the early governance of the North- reproduced in any way for profit without der what laws—did they become west Territory. How have advances in written permission of the Indiana Histori- cal Bureau. Room 408, 140 North Senate states? technology changed communication Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46204; 317-232- • How is land bought and sold to- over the decades? 2535. 2 The Indiana Historian, March 1999 © Copyright Indiana Historical Bureau 1999 Surveying and selling the land Gaining control of the western land was one of the first goals of Maine Congress. Many of the states had was a part claimed land west of their borders claimed by Va. claimed by N. Y., of Mass. ceded 1784 N. H., and Mass. until 1820. and east of the Mississippi River. Massachusetts claimed by States eventually gave up their N. Y. and Mass. claimed by New Mass. and Va. New York Hampshire individual claims to the U.S. ceded 1784-85 government. More difficult were Massachusetts claimed by the Indian claims to much of the Conn. and Va. Pennsylvania Rhode Island ceded 1784-86 Connecticut area designated as the Northwest claimed by Va. New ceded 1784 Jersey Territory. Maryland Virginia Delaware Ordinance of 1785 claimed by Va. On May 20, 1785, Congress Ky. admitted as state 1792 claimed by N. C. passed the Ordinance of 1785. It ceded 1790 North Carolina contained a procedure for survey- claimed by S. C. ing and selling this western land. ceded 1787 South claimed by Ga. Carolina United States The money from sales was needed ceded 1802 after the Treaty to pay U.S. government debts from claimed by Ga., Georgia U. S., and Spain of Paris, 1783 the American Revolution. showing claims of western lands by various states This ordinance “laid the foundations of American land thirteen original states policy until the passage of the included in Northwest Homestead Act in 1862.” Territory, 1787 Florida Under the terms of the territory belonging Source: Richard B. Morris and Jeffrey B. Morris, eds., Encyclopedia of to Spain ordinance “before any of the American History, 7th ed. (New York:, 1996), 43, 45, 122. publicly owned land could be offered for sale the Indian claims In each township, Section 16 had to be purchased by the gov- every mile run, “including the was to be set aside for public ernment and the land surveyed by wages of chain carriers, markers, schools. Sections 8, 11, 26, and 29 the system set forth in the ordi- and every other expense.” Lines were to be reserved for use by the nance.” were to be measured with a U.S. government. The rest of the The ordinance was to be chain, plainly marked on “trees land was to be sold for not less carried out under the direction of and exactly described on a plat; than $1.00 an acre in units of a Geographer of the United States whereon shall be noted by the section or more. Thomas Hutchins. He was in surveyor, at their proper dis- Most settlers had little cash charge of the surveyors; one from tances, all mines, salt springs, and could not buy that much land. each state was to be appointed by salt licks and mill seats . and In 1796, the price was doubled. As Congress or a Committee of the all water courses, mountains and a result, many settlers farmed States. other remarkable and permanent public lands as squatters with no According to the ordinance, things . and also the quality of legal title to the land. Much of the surveyors would be paid $2.00 for the lands.” 1773 1773 1774 1774 1775 1776 1777 February 9 December 16 Spring September 5- June 17 July 4 Colonel Henry Hamilton, William Henry Boston Tea In Ohio River Valley, atrocities October 26 Battle of Continental lieutenant-governor of Detroit, Harrison born Party (Carruth, by Indians and whites against First Continental Bunker Hill, Congress approves recruits pro-British Indians to at Berkeley, Va. 80). each other escalate. Results in Congress meets Mass. Declaration of fight American frontier (Carruth, 80). Dunmore‘s War with troops under Gov. in Philadelphia to (Carruth, Independence; settlements. Indian attacks on Dunmore of Va. Movement to the west resist British 86). signed by members Ky. settlers increase increases after this campaign against tyranny (Carruth, August 2 (English, 81-85, 215-23). the Indians (English, 64-65). 78). (Carruth, 88). © Copyright Indiana Historical Bureau 1999 The Indiana Historian, March 1999 3 Public Land Surveys in Indiana Territory After Governor Harrison acquired the first treaty lands from the Indians, the U.S. began to survey the land to prepare for its sale to growing numbers of settlers. In 1804 Ebenezer Buckingham, Jr.
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