Week 15 Part 1: Vol. 1 Issue 3 &RORQLDO&RQÁLFW Third Quarter OK5-3

‘Camera Angles’ in New England Click! … winter months they could starve. Especially since the leader of the Wampanoag. He’s also the son of “Alana, are you sure this is a good idea?” the English made them surrender (give up) many Massasoit, the previous sachem who had a better “Of course, Jackson! We’ve been in tighter of their guns.” working relationship with the colonists than he situations before. Besides, we want to be able to “But what about the colonists? They must be did!” get a good picture of what it was like, right?” afraid, too. Did you see that group of American “Lots of English colonists called this King “Well, yes, but in the middle of a war? I don’t Indian warriors in the woods on the other side Philip’s war.” know.” of the river? I’m pretty sure they had several “I guess that’s because they think he started it.” “We’ll try to stay out of site, so don’t worry too colonists with them—and not just soldiers! I saw “And I’m pretty sure he thinks that they did, much. Can you think of a better way?” a woman with three children all being treated like Jackson. It’s all about the ‘camera angle.’ Let’s go “No, but—” prisoners. I don’t mind telling you that now I’m get both perspectives!” … Click! “Calm down, Jackson. We’re just going to getting a little nervous, too!” use the camera to get some snapshots from both ´:KDW":KHUH",GHÀQLWHO\WKLQN sides.” you should get a picture, Alana, “But these guys are really upset!” so that we can learn more “Of course they’re upset. Can you blame about it! Was Metacomet WKHP"'LG\RXVHHWKH:DPSDQRDJFRUQÀHOGZH with them? Did you see passed? I took a picture of it to study more closely him?” later. It looked to me as if the colonists’ livestock “Oh right, had destroyed it. I’m no hoofprint expert, but I’d Metacomet, or King say the cattle trampled everything that they didn’t Philip!” eat along the way.” “Yes, the “I know. That’s not good, Alana.” English called him “Not good at all. If the American Indians here King Philip. The in New England don’t have enough of the three Wampanoag knew sisters for the winter months—” him as Metacomet, “That’s right, the three sisters—corn, beans or Metacom. He’s and squash! If they don’t have enough for the the Great Sachem—

American Indians in New England Today fter King Philip’s War, New England even has a huge museum and educational AIndian tribes and colonists of the center. In addition to their work on tribal region worked to rebuild their relationships history and heritage, the Mashantucket over time. Today there are about 20 Pequot run golf courses, a casino and recognized tribes in the New England one of the MGM resorts. This makes the region. A recognized tribe means that the Pequot Nation one of the largest employers WULEHKDVDQRIÀFLDOUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKWKH in the state! Another tribe in Connecticut, U.S. or state government. Some tribes, like the Golden Hill Paugussett tribe, has a the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation reservation that’s only one fourth of an in southeastern Connecticut, have a lot acre. No matter what the size is of the tribe of land and run large businesses. Some or the reservation, American Indians work Mashantucket Pequot live on one of the hard, go to school and are proud of their 0DVKDQWXFNHW3HTXRW0XVHXPDQG5HVHDUFK&HQWHU oldest reservations in the country. This tribe heritage! :HHNRI‡3DJH a hom Okla .LQJ3KLOLS·V:DU³)LJKWLQJ IRU/DQGDQG/LYHV

&RQÁLFWLVVRPHWKLQJZHDOONQRZDOLWWOH Land Acquisition and the What did the American Indians think these about. If you’ve ever had a disagreement with treaties meant? Many tribes thought they would a friend or sibling, you know how easily we New England Settlements share the land with the newcomers. Instead, FDQJHWLQWRDUJXPHQWVRUÀJKWV6RPHWLPHV In 17th century New England, land meant many colonists fenced, farmed and hunted lands ZHÀJKWRYHUWKHODVWVOLFHRISL]]DRUIRUWKH survival for the American Indian tribes who that had been important to American Indians’ FKDQFHWREHWKHÀUVWWRGRVRPHWKLQJ:KDWLI lived there. Wampanoag, Pequot, Nipmuc and survival. Both the colonists and American you fought for something that would make a 1DUUDJDQVHWW,QGLDQVÀVKHGWKHFRDVWVDQG ,QGLDQVORVWOLYHVZKHQFRQÁLFWVWXUQHGYLROHQW huge difference to your family’s life or to its farmed the land for thousands of years before HVSHFLDOO\LQZKHQFRORQLVWVIRXJKWWKH survival? What if there was just enough food to places like Rhode Island, Massachusetts or Pequot. However, while colonial populations feed your family and someone stole it? There Connecticut were even thought of. The arrival continued to rise, the American Indians fought are always two perspectives, or two sides, to of Europeans, though, would change American for enough land to hunt or farm to feed their DQDUJXPHQWRUÀJKW%RWKVLGHVFDQEHOLHYHVR Indians’ lives forever. families. Their populations began to decrease. strongly in their perspective that if one group Colonists had come from Europe to build By 1675, Metacomet led the Wampanoag, feels threatened by the other, the outcome new settlements and practice their religions and they had had enough. Known to the can be tragic. Let’s look at what happened in freely. They saw the land in the Americas English as King Philip, Metacomet organized &RORQLDO1HZ(QJODQG,WZDVWKHUHWKDWDÀJKW as a gift from God. These colonists brought a rebellion against the Plymouth Colony. for land led to a little-known but deadly war in new religions, powerful weapons, a hunger (QJOLVKRIÀFLDOVKDQJHGWKUHH:DPSDQRDJ our country’s history. for wealth and land, as well as diseases that Indians. These Wampanoag were accused infected the American Indians. When colonists of killing another American Indian who had made land treaties with American Indians, they warned colonists. Warrior attacks on colonial thought the tribes would leave the area. YLOODJHVEHJDQRQ-XQHDQGODVWHGIRURYHU a year. The Nipmuc and Narragansett tribes soon joined the Wampanoag. These tribes ÀHUFHO\DWWDFNHGYLOODJHDIWHUYLOODJH6RPH tribes, such as the Pequot and the Mohegan, sided with the colonists. Colonial leaders also called for all men between the ages of 16 and 60 to join a local militia (armed force). They formed an army of 1,000 men and mounted their own attack—with devastating results. In December 1675, the militia destroyed a large American Indian village near South Kingston, R.I. Estimates of the number of Narrangansett killed range

'LDU\RI$OH[DQGHU%DUFOD\ 0HUFKDQWRI)RXUWK6WUHHW3KLODGHOSKLD -XQH :KDWDÀQH-XQHGD\WRKDYHPHWWKHVKLSWKH7KUHH6LVWHUVLQ WKHKDUERU2XUKRXVHKROGDZRNHHDUO\WRKHOSFODLPRXUVKLSPHQW 7KHÀJKWLQJZLWKWKH)UHQFKDQG$PHULFDQ,QGLDQVKDGHPSWLHGRXU shelves and barrels faster than we could replenish (restock). Crowds at the dock were cheering as the crates came down the gangplank. We were thrilled! :HUHDFKHGKRPHDVWKHVXQFOLPEHGDERYHXV1RPLGGD\UHVWDV FXVWRPHUVGHPDQGHGJRRGVEXWZHKHOGWKHPDWED\XQWLOZHFRXOGJHW organized. Spirits rose even higher as we checked items off the list—a JUHDWYDULHW\RIXVHIXOLWHPVLQGHHG:HQRZKDYHSOHQW\RIZRROHQV VLONVVROHOHDWKHUEXWWRQVDQGGU\JRRGV7KHFUDWHVRIULFHVXJDU and oil will be especially appreciated. Pistols and muskets remain in FUDWHVIRUWKH&RORQHOWRLQVSHFW,FKHFNHGRQWKHEDUUHOVRISRZGHU and they seemed to be dry and ready for customers to collect. ,WLVÀQDOO\WLPHIRURXUHYHQLQJPHDO:HVHWWOHGVHYHUDOGHEWV (monies owed) today and were promised by the Colonel that our goods ZRXOGQRWEHWDNHQDZD\,QH[FKDQJHZHZLOOH[WHQGFUHGLWWRWKHP IRUWKHUHPDLQGHURIWKHFRQÁLFW

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:XQHHNHHVXT7KDWLVRQHZD\WR (DFKPRUQLQJZHZDNHLQWKHZHWX and on the water so that I may help the say hello (good day) if you are a proud EDUNFRYHUHGKRXVH DQGZHVWUHWFKWR tribe. My mother and sisters tend crops PHPEHURIWKH:DPSDQRDJWULEH2XU meet the day. Through the warm summer RIFRUQEHDQVDQGVTXDVK7KH\VHZWKH name means “people of the dawn.” My PRRQVZHUDFHDJDLQVWWKHVXQXQWLO GHHUVNLQ,ZHDURQP\EDFNNHHSWKHÀUH QDPHLV1RRWLPLVZKLFKPHDQV´RDNµ nighttime falls. We scramble to hunt and pits going in the wetu and cook nourishing In the evenings I hear stories from ÀVKDQGZHKDUYHVWHQRXJKWRNHHSRXU VWHZVIRURXUIDPLO\:RUNLQJWRJHWKHU my grandfather about the days of our stomachs full long after the frost sends we will be here for many years to come. ancestors. They lived here before the us scurrying away to our winter villages. white intruders. I listen carefully so that It is my job to keep weapons ready for I may one day tell my grandchildren. use. I also practice my skills in the forest :HHNRI‡3DJH

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ACROSS 9. give up 2. Men ages 16 to 60 10. town with zip code of were called to join 01776 this in 17th century 1HZ(QJODQG DOWN 5. another name for 1. people of the dawn King Philip 3. FRUQEHDQVDQGVTXDVK 6. site of December 4. monies owed 1675 massacre: 7. Wampanoag South ______bark-covered house 8. suburban Boston region

.LQJ3KLOLS·V:DU .LQJ3KLOLS·V:DUZDVIRXJKWRYHUPXFKRIWKH1HZ(QJODQG&RORQLDO territory. Look at the map. Use a present-day atlas or online map to help \RXODEHOPRGHUQODQGPDUNVDQGRWKHUSK\VLFDOIHDWXUHVRQWKLVPDS1H[W use a crayon or colored pencil to lightly shade each colony a different color. Add your symbols and what they mean to the map key. Be sure to include a compass rose!

Boston Atlantic Ocean Massachusetts Bay Colony Plymouth

Hartford Providence Plymouth Colony

Rhode Island Colony Colony of Connecticut

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English Victory Indian Victory Major City Boundary before Massachusetts statehood

This week you learned that the zip FRGHRI6XGEXU\0DVVLV What zip code would your town have if the zip code were related to the year of an event in your 1. Who was Metacomet and why was he important? WRZQ·VKLVWRU\"'RVRPHUHVHDUFKWRÀQGDQHYHQWWKDWZRXOG 2. What does it mean to have two perspectives? be worthy of a zip code. Then write about why you chose that What can happen when groups have different \HDU·VHYHQWIRUWKH]LSFRGH perspectives? 3. Compare and contrast the daily life articles featuring the merchant and the American Indian boy. You can read a legend about the “Three Sisters” at this website: 4.:KHQFRORQLVWVÀUVWDUULYHGLQ1HZ(QJODQGWKH KWWSZZZQFPXVHXPRIKLVWRU\ relationship with the American Indians was fairly RUJFROODWHUDODUWLFOHV)OHJHQGWKUHHVLVWHUVSGI IULHQGO\0HWDFRPHW·VIDWKHU0DVVDVRLWHYHQKHOSHG Plimoth (Plymouth) Plantation built a wetu a few years ago. WKHVHWWOHUVVRWKDWWKH\ZRXOGQ·WVWDUYH2YHUWLPH You can watch a video of the work here: http://blogs.plimoth. the relationship changed. How did the colonists lose RUJZHWXXQFDWHJRUL]HGQXVKZHWXKRXVHZRUNJRLQJZHOO WKH,QGLDQV·WUXVW" )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHKLVWRU\RI6XGEXU\ 0DVVDQGWRWDNHDYLUWXDORQOLQHWRXUYLVLWhttp://www. VXGEXU\RUJ ,I\RX·GOLNHWRPDNHDQ\HGLWRULDOFRPPHQWVDERXWRXUSDSHU SOHDVHZULWHWRXVDWIHHGEDFN#VWXGLHVZHHNO\FRP Week 16 Part 2: Vol. 1 Issue 3 &RORQLDO&RQÁLFW Third Quarter

War in the New World: The French and Indian War By the 1750s, Great Britain and France were claiming more and more land in the New World. The two countries were bound to clash sooner or later. In 1754, these two powerful countries went to battle over control of an important piece of North American land, the Ohio River Valley. Why We Fought Advantages and Disadvantages Great Britain Great Britain :HQHHGHGWKHODQGRIWKH2KLR5LYHU9DOOH\7KHUHZHUH :HKDGPDQ\PRUHWURRSVWKDQWKH)UHQFK(DFKRIRXU PDQ\VHWWOHUVLQRXUFRORQLHVZKRZDQWHGWRIDUPWKHULFK FRORQLHVKDGLWVRZQPLOLWLDRUYROXQWHHUDUP\(DFK VRLOWKHUH7KH\KDGFRPHWRWKH1HZ:RUOGIRUMXVWWKDWUHDVRQ FRORQ\JUHZLWVRZQIRRGVRRXUVROGLHUVZRXOGQRWJRKXQJU\2QH ,IWKH)UHQFKZDQWHGWKHODQGWRRWKHQWKH\·GKDYHDÀJKWRQWKHLU SUREOHPZDVWKDWHDFKRIRXUFRORQLHVKDGLWVRZQJRYHUQPHQW KDQGV 6RPHWLPHVWKDWFDXVHGDUJXPHQWVRYHUVPDOOWKLQJVWKDWZHUHQ·WDOO WKDWLPSRUWDQW France :HKDGEHHQWUDSSLQJDQLPDOVDQGWUDGLQJIXUVIRUPDQ\ France \HDUVLQ&DQDGD:HKDGWKHULJKWWRWUDSEHDYHULQWKH %HFDXVHZHKDGPDQ\VHWWOHPHQWVQHDUWKH2KLR5LYHU 2KLR5LYHU9DOOH\WRR:HNQHZZHFRXOGZLQWKLVZDUDJDLQVWWKH 9DOOH\ZHNQHZWKH\ZRXOGVHQGKHOSTXLFNO\LIZH %ULWLVK1RRQHEHDWVWKH)UHQFK³DWWUDSSLQJRUDWZDU QHHGHGLW7KH\ZHUHHDV\WRGHIHQGEHFDXVHWKH\ZHUHDOOFORVH WRJHWKHU7KHVHWWOHPHQWVZHUHDOOXQGHUWKHFRQWURORIRQH JRYHUQPHQWVRWKH\PDGHGHFLVLRQVTXLFNO\+RZHYHUZHKDGWR KDYHIRRGVKLSSHGIURP)UDQFHDQGZHVRPHWLPHVGLGQRWKDYH Key Battle Points HQRXJKIRURXUWURRSV Great Britain 7KRXVDQGVRI%ULWLVKVROGLHUVIRXJKWVLGHE\VLGHZLWKWKH FRORQLVWV$WÀUVWWKLQJVGLGQRWORRNJRRGIRURXUVLGHDW After the War DOO:HORVWPDQ\EDWWOHVEXWVRRQHYHU\WKLQJEHJDQJRLQJRXUZD\ :HGHFLGHGWKHEHVWZD\WRZLQWKHZDUZRXOGEHWRWDNHFRQWURORI Great Britain &DQDGD,QRXUWURRSVFDSWXUHGWKH&DQDGLDQFLW\RI4XHEHF 7KHWUHDW\JDYHXVFRQWURORI&DQDGD:HDOVRJRWWKH :HFOLPEHGIRRWWDOOFOLIIVWRRYHUFRPHRXUIRHV HQHPLHV  ODQGEHWZHHQWKH0LVVLVVLSSL5LYHUDQGWKH$SSDODFKLDQ :HFRQWLQXHGWRZLQEDWWOHDIWHUEDWWOHHQGLQJZLWKWKHFDSWXUHRI 0RXQWDLQVWKH2KLR5LYHU9DOOH\8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKHZDUFRVWD 0RQWUHDO:HDJUHHGWRVLJQDSHDFHWUHDW\ ORWRIPRQH\6LQFHZHVSHQWPRVWRIWKHPRQH\RQSURWHFWLQJWKH FRORQLHVZHKDGQRFKRLFHEXWWRUHTXLUH$PHULFDQVWRSD\WKH France GHEW:HKDGWRUDLVHWKHLUWD[HVDQGWKH\ZHUHQ·WKDSS\DERXWWKDW ,WZDVDJRRGWKLQJIRUXVWKDWZHZHUHRQIULHQGO\WHUPV ZLWKWKH$PHULFDQ,QGLDQV%HFDXVHRIWKDWPDQ\RIWKH France ,QGLDQVIRXJKWRQRXUVLGH,WZDVHDV\WRVXUSULVHWKH%ULWLVK7KH\ :HORVWFRQWURORIDOPRVWDOOWKHODQGZHRQFHFODLPHGLQ ZHUHVRHDV\WRVSRWLQWKHLUEULJKWUHGFRDWV:HZRQVHYHUDOPDMRU 1RUWK$PHULFD2QHJRRGWKLQJDERXWWKHZDUZDVWKDWZH EDWWOHVHDUO\LQWKHZDUEXWHYHU\WKLQJFKDQJHGLQ,Q4XHEHF VKDUHGRXUEDWWOHWHFKQLTXHVZLWKWKH$PHULFDQ,QGLDQV/DWHUZKHQ WKH%ULWLVKGHIHDWHGXVDQGWRRNRYHUWKHFLW\%\LWZDVFOHDU WKH$PHULFDQFRORQLVWVZHUHÀJKWLQJIRUWKHLUIUHHGRPIURP*UHDW ZHKDGORVW&DQDGD7KHZDUHQGHGLQZKHQERWKVLGHVDJUHHG %ULWDLQWKH\XVHGVRPHRIRXULGHDVWRKHOSWKHPEHDWWKHUHGFRDWV WRVLJQWKH7UHDW\RI3DULV 7KDWZDVDOPRVWOLNHDYLFWRU\IRUXV :HHNRI‡3DJH a hom Okla 0RUH&RQÁLFW in the Colonies

RQÁLFWLQWKH%ULWLVK&RORQLHVGLGQ·WHQG John Adams—Patriot First, +HVRRQJRWLQYROYHGLQWKH3DWULRWPRYHPHQW &DIWHUWKH)UHQFKDQG,QGLDQ:DU5DLVLQJ President Second (1735-1826) E\SXEOLVKLQJDSRSXODUDUWLFOHFULWLFL]LQJWKH WD[HVWRSD\IRUWKHZDUPDGHWKHFRORQLVWV 6WDPS$FW+HPDUULHG$ELJDLO6PLWKLQ “… liberty cannot be preserved without DQJU\:KHQFRORQLVWVEHJDQPRYLQJDFURVV DQGWKH$GDPVIDPLO\EORVVRPHGLQ%RVWRQ general knowledge among the people …” ~ WKH$SSDODFKLDQ0RXQWDLQV$PHULFDQ,QGLDQV .QRZQWREHDYHU\VPDUWODZ\HU$GDPVULVNHG John Adams DOVRJRWDQJU\7KH\GLGQRWZDQW(XURSHDQ KLVMREDQGSDWULRWLFUHSXWDWLRQE\VWDQGLQJXS 7KHUHLVQRGRXEWWKDW-RKQ$GDPVZDVD VHWWOHUVWDNLQJWKHODQGDQGKXQWLQJWKHDQLPDOV IRU%ULWLVKVROGLHUVFKDUJHGZLWKWKHPDVVDFUH IDPRXV$PHULFDQ+HZDVWKHVHFRQGSUHVLGHQW $PHULFDQ,QGLDQVDWWDFNHGPDQ\FRORQLVWV· RI%RVWRQFLWL]HQVLQ6L[RIWKHVROGLHUV RIRXUFRXQWU\DIWHUDOO%XWPDQ\KLVWRULDQV IRUWVDQGKRXVHV*UHDW%ULWDLQNQHZLWKDGWR ZHUHIRXQGQRWJXLOW\DQGWKHRWKHUWZRZHUH ZRXOGDUJXH³RUDJUHH³WKDWWKHZRUNKH SURWHFWWKHSHRSOHDQGVWRSWKHÀJKWLQJ7KH IRXQGJXLOW\RIPDQVODXJKWHU GLGEHIRUHKHZDVSUHVLGHQWZDVHYHU\ELWDV 3URFODPDWLRQRIJDYH$PHULFDQ,QGLDQV 7KDWVDPHVXPPHU LPSRUWDQWLIQRWPRUHVR WKHULJKWWRWKHODQGZHVWRIWKH$SSDODFKLDQ $GDPVZDVHOHFWHG $GDPVZDVERUQLQLQ%UDLQWUHH 0RXQWDLQV6HWWOHUVZHUHQRWDOORZHGWRPRYH WRWKH0DVVDFKXVHWWV 0DVVDFKXVHWWV%D\&RORQ\+HZHQWWRFROOHJH WKHUHDQ\PRUH7KHODZPDGHPDQ\FRORQLVWV DW+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\DQGEHFDPH DQJULHU6RPHRIWKHPLJQRUHGLWDQGPRYHG DVXFFHVVIXOODZ\HU ZHVWDQ\ZD\0RUHDQGPRUHVHWWOHUVEHJDQWR WDONDERXW%ULWDLQ·VFRQWUROOLQJZD\V 7KHFRQÁLFWHYHQWXDOO\OHGWRDZDU³ WKH$PHULFDQ5HYROXWLRQDU\:DU+HUHDUH WKHVWRULHVRIWKUHHSHRSOHZKROLYHGLQWKH 0DVVDFKXVHWWV%D\&RORQ\EHIRUHDQGGXULQJ WKHZDU³-RKQ$GDPV0HUF\2WLV:DUUHQDQG 3KLOOLV:KHDWOH\

/R\DOLVWV3DWULRWVDQG1HXWUDOLVWV As colonists began to argue about whether or not QRWOLNHWKHZD\*UHDW%ULWDLQWUHDWHGWKHFRORQLHV³ WKH\VKRXOGGHFODUHWKHLULQGHSHQGHQFHWKH\VWDUWHGWR 3DWULRWV7KH\ZDQWHGWKHFRORQLHVWREHFRPHDQ take sides. LQGHSHQGHQWFRXQWU\WKDWWKH.LQJRI(QJODQGFRXOG 6RPHSHRSOHWKRXJKWLWZDVEHWWHUIRUWKHFRORQLHV not control. The Patriots gave speeches and WRVWD\XQGHUWKHUXOHRI*UHDW%ULWDLQ7KH\ZDQWHG wrote articles about the unfair treatment of WRUHPDLQOR\DORUWUXHWRWKH.LQJRI(QJODQG7KHVH the colonies. SHRSOHEHFDPHNQRZQDV/R\DOLVWV0DQ\/R\DOLVWVZHUH 6RPHFRORQLVWVGLGQRWWDNHVLGHV7KH\ ULFKODQGRZQHUV6RPHRIWKHPKDGMREVLQJRYHUQPHQW ZHUHNQRZQDV1HXWUDOLVWV:KLFKZRXOG\RX or churches. KDYHEHHQ³/R\DOLVW3DWULRWRU1HXWUDOLVW" ,WZDVHDV\WRWKLQNRIDQDPHIRUWKHSHRSOHZKRGLG 7DONDERXWLWZLWK\RXUFODVV 'RVRPHUHVHDUFKWRFRPSOHWHWKHFKDUW8VHDWOHDVWRQHSULPDU\VRXUFHDQGRQHVHFRQGDU\ VRXUFH:ULWHWKHQDPHVRI/R\DOLVWV3DWULRWVDQG1HXWUDOLVWVLQWKHFRUUHFWFROXPQ

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7KH6WDPS$FW Parliament vs. the Colonies

These paragraphs were written WKHOHDVW1RWLFHRIWKH6WDPS$FW,I\RXEHKDYHLQWKLV DERXWWKH6WDPS$FW7KHÀUVW VSLULWHG0DQQHU\RXPD\EHDVVXUHGWKDWHYHU\&RORQ\RQ WKUHHZHUHZULWWHQE\FRORQLVWV WKH&RQWLQHQWZLOOIROORZWKH([DPSOHRID3URYLQFHVRMXVWO\ DQGWKHODVWWZRZHUHZULWWHQE\ FHOHEUDWHGIRULWV/LEHUW\KDV@WKHRQO\H[FOXVLYHULJKW«WROHY\WD[HV UHVSRQVHWRWKH6WDPS$FW idea in each paragraph. «RQWKHLQKDELWDQWVRIWKLVFRORQ\DQG«HYHU\DWWHPSWWRYHVW VXFKDSRZHULQDQ\SHUVRQRUSHUVRQVZKDWVRHYHURWKHUWKDQ James Otis WKHJHQHUDODVVHPEO\«LVLOOHJDOXQFRQVWLWXWLRQDODQGXQMXVW« 7KHÀUVWSULQFLSOH«RIJRYHUQPHQWEHLQJWRSURYLGHIRU WKHEHVWJRRGRIDOOWKHSHRSOHWKLVFDQEHGRQHRQO\E\«WKH &KDUOHV7RZQVKHQG SHRSOH«EXWWKHLQFRQYHQLHQFLHV«RIDODUJHERG\RISHRSOH DQGQRZZLOOWKHVH$PHULFDQVFKLOGUHQSODQWHGE\RXU KDYHPDGHLWQHFHVVDU\WRWUDQVIHUWKHSRZHU«WRDIHZ7KLV FDUHQRXULVKHGXSE\RXU,QGXOJHQFH«DQGSURWHFWHGE\RXU QHFHVVLW\JDYHULVHWR«DULJKWRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ DUPVZLOOWKH\JUXGJHWRFRQWULEXWHWKHLUPLWHWRUHOLHYHXV 2WLVZURWHWKLVDERXWWKH6XJDU$FWDQGWKHSURSRVHG IURPWKHKHDY\ZHLJKWRIWKHEXUGHQZKLFKZHOLHXQGHU" 6WDPS$FW Thomas Whately -RKQ'LFNLQVRQ 7KH5HDVRQDEOHQHVVDQGHYHQWKH1HFHVVLW\RIUHTXLULQJ WRWKHFLWL]HQVRI3HQQV\OYDQLD DQ$PHULFDQ5HYHQXHEHLQJDGPLWWHGWKH5LJKWRIWKH0RWKHU ,WDSSHDUVWRPHWKHZLVHVWDQGWKHVDIHVW&RXUVH &RXQWU\WRLPSRVHVXFKD'XW\XSRQKHU&RORQLHV«FDQQRWEH IRU\RXWRSURFHHGLQDOO%XVLQHVVDVXVXDOZLWKRXWWDNLQJ TXHVWLRQHG« :HHNRI‡3DJH ACROSS DOWN Name ______1. writer who argued that 2. author of colonists should not “The Virginia Resolves”:  TXHVWLRQ%ULWDLQ·VULJKW Patrick ______to tax the Colonies: 3. mountain range in the Thomas ______Proclamation of 1763 6. *UHDW%ULWDLQ·VHQHP\LQ 4. 0DVVDFKXVHWWVFLW\ a war in 1754 where John Adams was 8. branch of British born government that 5. colonists who wanted to makes laws UHPDLQD%ULWLVKFRORQ\ 9. YROXQWHHUDUP\ 7. unfair treatment 8. name of both a slave ship and an African American poet

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Each of the colonies had its own government.

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LQWKDWSHUVRQ·VOLIH Samuel Adams 7KHQZULWHDWKUHH $ELJDLO$GDPV SDUDJUDSKELRJUDSK\ 3HQHORSH%DUNHU $ELRJUDSK\LVD 6XSSRUW\RXULGHDV 1.5HUHDG´$GYDQWDJHVDQG'LVDGYDQWDJHVµIURPWKHVWRU\ :LOOLDP'DZHV on Page 1. List two main ideas and at least two supporting W\SHRIZULWLQJWKDW with information Nathan Hale tells about events in a \RXIRXQGLQ\RXU GHWDLOVDERXWHDFKFRXQWU\·VSRLQWRIYLHZ8QGHUOLQHWKH 3ULQFH+DOO SHUVRQ·VOLIH&KRRVH research. Be sure PDLQLGHDVLQ\RXUDQVZHU $JULSSD+XOO one of the names to write in complete 2.:K\ZHUHWKH)UHQFKDQGWKH%ULWLVKZLOOLQJWRJRWRZDU 6\ELO/XGLQJWRQ from the following sentences and RYHUWKH2KLR5LYHU9DOOH\"2Q3DJHKLJKOLJKWWKHWH[W list (or pick a colonist FKHFN\RXUZRUNIRU 0ROO\3LWFKHU WKDWKHOSHG\RXJHW\RXUDQVZHUV QRWRQWKHOLVW 8VH FRUUHFWJUDPPDU 6DPXHO3UHVFRWW 3. How was the British Parliament passing tax acts in the PDQ\VRXUFHVWR punctuation and Paul Revere VOLNHWKH86&RQJUHVVYRWLQJWRUDLVHWD[HVWRGD\" UHVHDUFKNH\HYHQWV spelling. 'HERUDK6DPSVRQ +RZZDVLWGLIIHUHQW" 4.([SODLQWKHGLIIHUHQFHVDPRQJ/R\DOLVWV3DWULRWVDQG 1HXWUDOLVWV:KLFKZRXOG\RXKDYHEHHQLI\RXKDGOLYHG GXULQJWKH$PHULFDQ5HYROXWLRQ" ,I\RX·GOLNHWRPDNHDQ\HGLWRULDOFRPPHQWVDERXWRXUSDSHU 5.:KLFKSDUDJUDSKDERXWWKH6WDPS$FWGR\RXWKLQNLV SOHDVHZULWHWRXVDWIHHGEDFN#VWXGLHVZHHNO\FRP WKHEHVWDUJXPHQWIRURUDJDLQVWWKHWD["([SODLQ\RXU answer with examples from the text on Page 3. Week 17 Colonial Vol. 1 Issue 3 Government Third Quarter

Strong States, Weak Nation?

lana, do you think your camera could take us to visit our country from Great Britain and create a new country, each colony became a state “A in 1781?” in the new union. Each state continued to use its own constitution. For “Sure, Jackson, but why 1781?” the most part, these constitutions were very successful in governing the ´:HOOWKDW·VWKH\HDUWKDWWKH$UWLFOHVRI&RQIHGHUDWLRQZHUHUDWLÀHG people who lived there. These state constitutions were even used later RIÀFLDOO\DSSURYHG +DYH\RXKHDUGRIWKHP"µ as guides for creating the Constitution of the United States. The main ´,WKLQNVREXW,·PQRWTXLWHVXUHZKDWWKH\DUHµ problem was that these documents had no power to govern anything ´7KH$UWLFOHVRI&RQIHGHUDWLRQZHUHRQHRIWKHÀUVWSODQVRIJRYHUQPHQW outside their own state. LQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV

Who Signed the Articles of Confederation? A Teacher!

You’ve probably heard the names of But who signed the Articles of signature is also on some Continental currency many men who signed the Declaration Confederation? A group of 48 men that included (money) issued by the government to support of Independence. They included Thomas lawyers, judges, plantation owners, doctors and WKH&RQWLQHQWDOWURRSV7KLVPD\EHWKHÀUVW Jefferson, who wrote the document; John a teacher—Edward Langworthy. He was born time you’ve heard Edward Langworthy’s name, Adams, who went on to become our 2nd in Georgia, and it is believed his parents died but in the late 1770s, people saw his name on a president; and John Hancock, who is best when he was very young. He was raised in an lot of important papers! known because his signature is the largest. The orphanage and later became a teacher there. He Illustration: Please include an image of U.S. Constitution was signed by many of our was one of three delegates chosen to represent the Articles of Confederation with Edward most well-known Founding Fathers: George Georgia in the Continental Congress. He signed Langworthy’s signature highlighted. The Washington, Benjamin Franklin and James the Articles in July 1778 and continued to serve illustration can be just part of the document and Madison, to name a few. in Congress until 1779. Edward Langworthy’s doesn’t have to include all the signatures. :HHNRI‡3DJH a hom Okla The Articles of Confederation— Too Weak to Work?

hen the Revolutionary War ended, impossible for the national government to ‡ 7KHQDWLRQDOJRYHUQPHQWKDGRQO\RQH Wthe United States became a free and control what went on in the United States as branch: the legislative, or lawmaking, independent country. The new nation faced a whole. branch. This branch could pass laws, but a great challenge in setting up its own A committee came up with a plan called could not carry them out or interpret them government. The leaders of the new United the Articles of Confederation to govern the once they were passed. There was no way States wanted a government that allowed new nation. This plan stated that the states to make the states obey the laws passed the people to have a say in how it was run would keep their independence and that by Congress. and they didn’t want the government to WKH\ZRXOGEHMRLQHGLQD´ÀUPOHDJXHRI ‡ &RQJUHVVKDGWKHSRZHUWRSULQWPRQH\ have too much power. Because these leaders IULHQGVKLSµ(YHQWXDOO\DOOWKHQHZVWDWHV but so did the states. With different types were afraid of a strong national government, signed the Articles of Confederation and of coins and paper money being issued WKHÀUVWGRFXPHQWWKH\FUHDWHGWXUQHGRXWWR WKH\ZHUHUDWLÀHGRURIÀFLDOO\DSSURYHGLQ in each state, as well as by the national be too weak to govern the new nation. 1781. JRYHUQPHQWQRRQHNQHZH[DFWO\ZKDW these different types of money were Articles of Confederation Problems Caused by a Weak worth. The After the signing of the Declaration of National Government national Independence, the nation’s leaders met to It didn’t take long for problems to start. money, form a new government. Most of these Here is a list of some of the weaknesses of called leaders believed the new states should be the Articles of Confederation: continentals, soon able to govern themselves, with very little ‡ &RQJUHVVKDGQRSRZHUWRFROOHFWWD[HV became worthless. help from a national government. These This power belonged to the states. ‡ 7KHQDWLRQDO leaders formed a national government that :LWKRXWWKHSRZHUWRFROOHFWWD[HVWKH government had no took most of its power from the states, new nation could power to deal with other making it nearly not pay its war countries. Without the debts (money power to enforce laws, owed). Congress had no way to control trade between the new nation and foreign countries. Many countries had little respect for the United States and believed that the new nation would fail. Shays’ Rebellion One of the events that focused the nation’s attention on the weakness of

Loyalty

´-DFNVRQDUH\RXOR\DOWR\RXUFRXQWU\"µ The Quill Pen “Of course I am, Alana. But did you know that many of our HDUO\$PHULFDQFLWL]HQVGLGQ·WIHHOWKLVZD\"µ The writers of the Declaration ´:K\ZRXOGQ·WWKH\EHOR\DOWRWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVZKHQ of Independence, the Articles of WKH\IRXJKWVRKDUGWRFUHDWHLWLQWKHÀUVWSODFH"µ Confederation and the Constitution “Well, loyalty is a feeling of dedication, duty or all used quill pens to create these attachment to someone or something. When the United famous documents. Quill pens had 6WDWHVRI$PHULFDZDVÀUVWFUHDWHGPRVWFLWL]HQVIHOWD been around for centuries, but deep feeling of loyalty to their states, but not for the new during this period, they were still nation. After all, the country was brand new and people were QRWXVHGWRLW\HWµ the best tools for the job. ´,JXHVVWKDWPDNHVVHQVH-DFNVRQ7KDW·VSUREDEO\ZK\ Quill pens were usually made from the the men who wrote the Articles of Confederation gave so ÁLJKWIHDWKHUVRIJHHVH$QLERUZULWLQJSRLQWZDVFDUYHGLQWR much power to the states and so the end of the feather so the letters could be formed properly. OLWWOHWRWKHQDWLRQDOJRYHUQPHQWµ The quill pen was then dipped into an inkwell. The hollow feather ´7KDW·VULJKW$ODQD%XW ZRXOGWKHQDEVRUELQNXSLQWRLWVVKDIW7KHZULWHUKDGWRUHÀOO LWGLGQ·WWDNHORQJIRU the pen often because the pen held very little ink. national loyalty to :KHQWKHZULWHUZDVÀQLVKHGIRUWKHGD\WKHSHQZRXOGEH EHJLQWRJURZµ washed in water and allowed to air dry. The feather would return to its natural shape as it dried and the quill pen would be ready IRUDQRWKHUGD\·VXVH

© USA Studies Weekly — 1607 to 1806‡7ROOIUHHSKRQH  ‡)D[  ‡)RUSULFLQJLQIRUPDWLRQJRWR ZZZVWXGLHVZHHNO\FRP‡)RURUGHULQJLQIRUPDWLRQRUTXHVWLRQVHPDLOVHUYLFH#VWXGLHVZHHNO\FRP‡)RUHGLWRULDOFRPPHQWV DQGIHHGEDFNHPDLOIHHGEDFN#VWXGLHVZHHNO\FRP‡0DWHULDOLQWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQPD\QRWEHUHSURGXFHGIRUVDOHLQSULQWRU electronic format. © 2014 American Legacy Publishing, Inc. :HHNRI‡3DJH its new government was Shays’ Rebellion. When farmers couldn’t afford to pay GHPDQGHGORZHUWD[HV7KH\DOVRZDQWHG Daniel Shays was a farmer who fought in WKHLUWD[HVVWDWHFRXUWVWRRNWKHLUIDUPV to shut down the state courts that threw the Revolutionary War. After the war, he away and put the farmers in jail. Shays citizens into prison if they couldn’t pay. went back to his farm in Massachusetts, but was angry at the harsh treatment of the Shays led a group of about 700 farmers he soon found that his state was asking him farmers in his area. He formed a group that WRWKH6SULQJÀHOG&RXUWKRXVHDQGIRUFHG IRUPRUHWD[PRQH\WKDQKHFRXOGSD\/LNH the debtor’s court to close for the day. The other states, Massachusetts had borrowed group didn’t have enough weapons to do ODUJHDPRXQWVRIPRQH\WRÀJKWWKH much damage, but the court did take notice. Revolutionary War. Once the In 1787, Shays and his men attacked an war was over, the state began arsenal (place where weapons are stored) WD[LQJWKHSURSHUW\RILWV LQ6SULQJÀHOGWRJHWPRUHULÁHVDQG citizens to pay back its ammunition, but the men were debts. Farmers like captured and sentenced to death. Shays were hit hard Later, Daniel Shays and the other because they were rebels were pardoned, or released from forced to pay high punishment. WD[HVRQDOOWKHODQG Shays’ Rebellion didn’t change the laws they owned. in Massachusetts, but it got the attention of men like George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and other leaders. These men realized that the national government would have to be strengthened or rebellions (attempts to overthrow the government) like the one led by Shays could eventually destroy the new nation. Constitutional Convention After dealing with the problems of a weak national government for several years, many of America’s best and brightest leaders called for a meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation. It wasn’t long before these men joined together at the Constitutional Convention to create a new document that would be strong enough to govern what would become one of the most powerful nations in the world.

George Washington

Primary Source Sleuths In a letter to a friend about the new Here is a letter George Washington wrote government, George Washington wrote, WR-DPHV:DUUHQLQ)LQG:DVKLQJWRQ·V “In a word, the confederation appears quote about the confederation being “without to me to be little more than a shadow VXEVWDQFHµ+LJKOLJKWLWZLWK\RXUIDYRULWHFRORU ZLWKRXWWKHVXEVWDQFHµ+HEHOLHYHG the Articles of Confederation “... but I confess to you freely, My Dr. ZHUHQ·WVWURQJHQRXJKWRJRYHUQ Sir, that I do not think we possess wisdom the nation and they should be or Justice enough to cultivate it properly. replaced. Illiberality, Jealousy, and local policy mix too In 1787, Washington was much in all our public councils for the good chosen to represent Virginia at government of the Union. In a word, the the Constitutional Convention. He confederation appears to me to be little more QHDUO\GLGQ·WDWWHQGEHFDXVHRI than a shadow without the substance; and poor health. He was also mourning Congress a nugatory body, their ordinances the death of his brother John. He being little attended to. To me, it is a solecism ÀQDOO\DJUHHGWRPDNHWKHWULS LQSROLWLFVµ George Washington arrived in Philadelphia the day before the With permission, visit this link to view an Constitutional Convention began. He LPDJHRI:DVKLQJWRQ·VDFWXDOOHWWHU ZDVMXVWRQHRIWKHPDQ\VHOÁHVVDQG http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=m noble men who gathered to help create the U.S. JZ ÀOH1DPH JZSDJHGE UHF1XP  Constitution. :HHNRI‡3DJH

Name ______

ACROSS DOWN 1.WRRIÀFLDOO\DSSURYH 1. an attempt to overthrow 3. a feeling of dedication, the government duty or attachment to 2. release from punishment someone or something 4.ÀUVWSDSHUPRQH\SULQWHG 6. a written plan of by Congress government 5. writing point on a quill pen 7. to control 8.ÀUVWZULWWHQGRFXPHQW governing the new nation: Articles of ______9. place where weapons are stored

Replacing the Articles of Confederation

Using the persuasion map below, show why the Example Articles of Confederation needed to be replaced if Why the country was going to survive. In the box labeled ´*RDOµOLVW´5HSODFLQJWKH$UWLFOHVRI&RQIHGHUDWLRQµ 7KHQLQWKHER[HVODEHOHG´:K\µOLVWVHYHUDO weaknesses of the document, or reasons it needed Example to be replaced. For each reason, give one or two examples of the problems these weaknesses caused for our new nation.

Goal Why

Example

Why Example

Example

7KHZRUOG·VVPDOOHVWSDUNZDV Did You Know? made in Portland, Oregon, Did you know that the paper bills printed by WRFHOHEUDWH6W3DWULFN·V Congress after the new nation was formed were called continentals? These bills were worth so Day. The park is a two-foot little that people began saying that something diameter circle and was made for leprechauns ´ZDVQ·WZRUWKDFRQWLQHQWDOµZKHQLWZDVRI and snails to race in. little or no value.

Daniel Shays was an ordinary farmer, but his actions made a 1. What are the Articles of 5. What do you think was the Scan this with big difference in the development Confederation? biggest weakness of the a smartphone, of a stronger government. What 2.:K\ZHUHQ·WWKH$UWLFOHV Articles of Confederation? or go to would you like to change about our of Confederation 6. How did George StudiesWeekly. country today? Write a paragraph successful in governing the Washington feel about the new nation? Articles of Confederation? com to earn or two telling what you would like 3. Were most citizens more 7. Why was the quill pen points as you to change about our country, why loyal to their states or the important in history? learn! Help me you would want to change it, and nation? Explain why. 8. How were the original 13 upgrade my home how you would go about making 4.+RZGLG6KD\V·5HEHOOLRQ colonies governed before and garage! these changes. Try to persuade help change the national they joined together to your readers to agree with you! government? form one nation? Week 18 Mounting

Vol. 1 Issue 3 Tensions in the Third Quarter Colonies

A Party in the Harbor K\GLGZHVKRZXSGUHVVHGDV$PHULFDQ ÀQLVKHGµ PHDQVZHZRQ·WEHVWRSSLQJIRUWHDDQGFUXPSHWVµ “W,QGLDQV$ODQD",VWKLVDFRVWXPHSDUW\"µ ´:KDWZDVWKDWDERXWQRWEUHDNLQJFUDWHV ´*RRGRQH-DFNVRQ

A Census Full of Treasure 2Q$SULOWKHJRYHUQPHQWUHOHDVHGWKH ZHQW

Acting Up: Acts That RQPDNLQJWKH&RORQLHVSD\LWDOVRDGGHGVHYHUDO EHWD[HG%ULOOLDQWULJKW"7KHNLQJGHFODUHGWKDWDOO RWKHULWHPVWRWKHOLVWLQFOXGLQJVXJDUFRIIHHDQG SDSHUPDWHULDOVLQWKHFRORQLHVKDGWRFDUU\D%ULWLVK Led to a Revolution FORWK7KHJUXPEOLQJZDVJHWWLQJORXGHU VWDPS(YHU\WLPHDFRORQLVWZDQWHGD ,QWKHPLGVFRORQLVWVZHUHUHVWOHVV QHZVSDSHUDELUWKFHUWLÀFDWHRUHYHQ (QJODQGWUHDWHGWKHPOLNHPLVEHKDYLQJFKLOGUHQ The Quartering Act: 1765 DGHFNRIFDUGVKHRUVKHKDGWR Stamp Act: 1765 .LQJ*HRUJHKDWHGORVLQJPRQH\+HWKRXJKW DWWHQGWKHPHHWLQJVLQ(QJODQGZKHUH FRORQLVWVWRULVHXSDQGUHYROW RIDQLGHDWRJHWVRPHFDVKDIWHUVSHQGLQJVRPXFK %ULWLVKRIÀFLDOVKHOSHGPDNHWKHVH UXOHV"(QJODQGVHQWVROGLHUVWR The Royal Proclamation: 1763 RQWKH)UHQFKDQG,QGLDQ:DU7KHFRORQLVWVVKRXOG 6LQFH(QJODQGFRQWUROOHGVRPXFKRI1RUWK $PHULFDFRORQLVWVKHDGHGZHVWLQWRQHZDUHDV 7KLQNDERXWDOOWKDWRSHQIDUPODQG$KKWKH IURQWLHU:HOOZKHQ.LQJ*HRUJHKHDUG WKDWKHVDLGQRRQHFRXOGPRYHZHVWRIWKH $SSDODFKLDQ0RXQWDLQV:K\",IFRORQLVWV KHDGHGZHVW%ULWDLQZRXOGKDYHWRVSHQG PRUHPRQH\WRNHHSSHRSOHVDIHIURP $PHULFDQ,QGLDQDWWDFNV7KHFRORQLVWVZHUH DSSDOOHG VKRFNHG 7KHNLQJKDGJRQH WRRIDU7KH\VKRXOGEHDEOHWROLYHZKHUH WKH\ZDQWHGULJKW"7KHNLQJVHQWPRUH VROGLHUV³QRWWRSURWHFWVHWWOHUVEXWWR PDNHSHRSOHIROORZKLVUXOH%R\GLG WKLVFDXVHVRPHJUXPEOLQJ%XWLW ZDVRQO\WKHEHJLQQLQJ« The Sugar Act: 1764 7KLVDFWZDVDQ\WKLQJEXW VZHHWHYHQWKRXJKLWFXWWKHWD[ RQPRODVVHVLQKDOI

A Patriotic Pair of Founding Fathers

Samuel Adams (1722-1803) FRQÀGHQW+HNQHZPDQ\DJUHHGZLWKKLPDQGKHZDVUHDG\WR Samuel Adams was born in Boston and attended school at put his life on the line for his beliefs. +DUYDUG+HZDVQ·WDYHU\JRRGEXVLQHVVPDQEXWKHZDVJRRG at spreading news and persuading people to Patrick Henry (1736-1799) listen. He spoke out loudly against “taxation Patrick Henry was born in Virginia. He became without representation.” He encouraged a lawyer and then governor of Virginia. People his fellow colonists to organize so they knew Patrick Henry for his speeches against could stand against England and started a the British. He was quite convincing when Committee of Correspondence that met he told his fellow colonists, “Give me liberty secretly in the Colonies. During their or give me death!” He got a lot of people to meetings, they made rules and government listen to his ideas about independence, and he decisions as if they were in charge instead HQFRXUDJHGSHRSOHWRJRWRZDUDQGÀJKW of Britain. Adams went from tavern to for their rights. He was in danger tavern, telling people to band together IURPWKH/R\DOLVWVWRREXWKH DQGER\FRWW(QJOLVKJRRGVÀJKWWKH shouted, “If this be treason, make taxes and defy (resist) King George. the most of it!” His fearless words This was dangerous. Many people in and eloquent (well-expressed) WKH&RORQLHVZHUH/R\DOLVWV OR\DO speaking got the attention of to the British king) and thought George Washington, John Adams what Adams was doing was treason DQG7KRPDV-HIIHUVRQRXUÀUVWWKUHH EHWUD\LQJ\RXUFRXQWU\·VJRYHUQPHQW  presidents. When people heard Henry Treason was punishable by death, but Sam was speak, they wanted to revolt! He was another true Patriot.

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FRQWUROWKHSURWHVWV7KHNLQJUHSHDOHG FDQFHOOHG  7KH\ZRXOGQ·WKDYHWRSD\WD[HVRQWKLQJVWKH\ 7KH\DORQJZLWKPDQ\RWKHUFRORQLVWVPDGHSODQV WKH6WDPS$FWLQ%XWWKHLGHDRIWD[LQJWKH GLGQ·WEX\7KHSUHVHQFHRIVRPDQ\5HGFRDWV WRJHWEDFNDW(QJODQG7KHQLWZDVWLPHIRUWHD« FRORQLVWVKDGUHDOO\FDXJKWRQ« %ULWLVKVROGLHUV VWLUUHGXSPRUHEDGIHHOLQJV &RORQLVWVZHUHPDGDQGFRQIXVHGDQGWKH\GLGQ·W The Tea Act: 1773 The Townshend WUXVWWKHLUPRWKHUFRXQWU\$QGWKH\ZHUHQ·W 7KLVZDVQ·WDQHZWD[,WZDVDQRWKHUUXOH7KH Acts: 1767 LQFOXGHGLQWKHGHFLVLRQPDNLQJSURFHVVDWDOO NLQJUXOHGWKDWWKHFRORQLVWVFRXOGRQO\EX\WHDIURP %ULWLVKJRYHUQPHQWRIÀFLDO&KDUOHV7RZQVKHQG 6RRQGLVDVWHUVWUXFN« WKH%ULWLVK(DVW,QGLD&RPSDQ\7KHFRORQLVWVOLNHG KRSHGWRORZHUWD[HVIRUWKH WKH%ULWLVKWHDEXWWKH\GLGQ·WOLNHSD\LQJPRUH SHRSOHLQ(QJODQGEXW The Boston Massacre: 1770 IRULW6PXJJOHUV SHRSOHZKREULQJWKLQJVLQWRWKH (QJODQGVWLOOQHHGHG 2QH0DUFKHYHQLQJDQDQJU\PREDSSURDFKHG FRXQWU\LOOHJDOO\ ZHUHRYHUMR\HG7KH\VQHDNHG PRQH\VRPRUHWD[HV %ULWLVKVROGLHUVRQSDWUROLQ%RVWRQ&RORQLVWV LOOHJDOWHDLQWRWKH&RORQLHVDWHYHU\FKDQFH IRUWKHFRORQLVWV VKRXWHGQDPHVDQGWKUHZVQRZEDOOVDWWKHVROGLHUV &RORQLVWVUHIXVHGWRIROORZWKHQHZXQUHDVRQDEOH VHHPHGOLNHWKH 7KH5HGFRDWVRSHQHGÀUH)LYH$PHULFDQVZHUH UXOH7KH\EORFNHGVKLSVDQGVWRSSHGSHRSOHIURP RQO\VROXWLRQ NLOOHGDQGPRUHZHUHZRXQGHG$PRQJWKHGHDG XQORDGLQJWHD7KHQDV-DFNVRQDQG$ODQDVDZWKH $JDLQWKH.LQJ ZDV&ULVSXV$WWXFNVDQ$IULFDQ$PHULFDQZKR FRORQLVWVGHFLGHGLWZDVWLPHWR´SDUW\µ« VHQWVROGLHUV LVFRQVLGHUHGWREHWKHÀUVW$PHULFDQWRGLHLQWKH WRHQIRUFH 5HYROXWLRQDU\:DU7KHPREZHQWFUD]\DQGWKH The Boston Tea Party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´1RWD[DWLRQZLWKRXW KHOSHGVWDUWDJURXSFDOOHGWKH6RQVRI/LEHUW\ UHSUHVHQWDWLRQµ.LQJ*HRUJHZDVRXWUDJHG7KLVDFW ZDVDKXJHVWHSWRZDUGWKH$PHULFDQ5HYROXWLRQ 'HVWUR\LQJWKHWHDZDVLQWROHUDEOH« The Intolerable Acts: 1774 7KHNLQJJRWH[WUHPHO\ PDGDQGPDGHHYHQPRUH UXOHV+HFORVHGWKH%RVWRQ +DUERUIRUEXVLQHVV+HVDLG WKDW%ULWLVKVROGLHUVDFFXVHG RIFULPHVVKRXOGEHWULHG LQ(QJODQGDQGQRWLQWKH &RORQLHV0DVVDFKXVHWWV &RORQ\ORVWLWVFKDUWHU+H UHLQIRUFHGWKH4XDUWHULQJ $FWV2KER\WKLQJV JRWVWRUP\« Tempest in the Teapot: A Storm is Brewing! 7KHVHHYHQWVOHGWRWKH$PHULFDQFU\IRU LQGHSHQGHQFHIURP%ULWDLQ&RORQLHVÀQDOO\JRW RUJDQL]HGDQGVWDUWHGZRUNLQJWRJHWKHU'LGWKH\ UHYROW"

Massacre or mistake? You be the judge

Are historic pictures always of people. It shows wounded men SHUIHFWO\DFFXUDWH"6RPH bleeding on the ground while a historians claim the Boston British commander gives a signal Massacre was really the to keep shooting. However, some ÀUVWJXQÀUHRIWKH$PHULFDQ eyewitness accounts say the Revolution. But was it truly a colonists started the whole thing, massacre, or just a terrible WKURZLQJLQVXOWVÀUVWDQGKDUG PLVWDNH":HNQRZWKDWFRORQLVWV objects later. The soldiers were were angry about the new rules, forced to protect themselves. unreasonable taxes and the $WWKHWLPH/R\DOLVWV British soldiers patrolling their VDLG5HYHUH·VHQJUDYLQJZDV streets. We know a group of exaggerated and the Patriots colonists taunted (yelled at, were to blame. Some people teased) soldiers in Boston. They today believe the engraving even threw chunks of ice and a was propaganda. Propaganda is few snowballs at the soldiers. incorrect information that is :HNQRZÀYHSHRSOHZHUHNLOOHG spread to convince others that that night. So, when the Redcoats it is true. Compare the two RSHQHGÀUHLQUHWXUQGLGWKH\ images of the massacre. Which simply kill innocent people, or one do you think tells the true were they defending themselves VWRU\"'R\RXWKLQN3DXOVSUHDG DJDLQVWDQDJJUHVVLYHPRE" SURSDJDQGDRUSDWULRWLVP":DV Well, Paul Revere would say the WKLVDPDVVDFUHRUDPLVWDNH"

Name ______

ACROSS 10. 1765 rule that made 2. a person who brings things colonists pay taxes on all into the country illegally paper materials 4. type of picture Paul Revere made of the DOWN Boston Massacre 1. to cancel 6. a crime of betraying your 3. Sons of _____ FRXQWU\·VJRYHUQPHQW 5. colonists who wanted the 8. incorrect information king to stay in charge that is spread to convince 7. nickname of British others that it is true soldiers 9. refuse to buy

Tension in the Colonies This week you read about many events that created tension in the Colonies and eventually led to the Revolutionary War. Complete the timeline by following these steps: 1.3XWWKHHYHQWVEHORZLQRUGHUE\ÀQGLQJ the date each one happened and writing the years on the lines. 2. Draw a long horizontal line on a blank piece of paper turned sideways (landscape). 3. For each event draw two diagonal lines. (See the example.) 4. Write the year with its event(s) on one line. 5. Write a short description of the event on the other line. If you have room on your timeline, you can draw extra diagonal lines to write more information.

Stamp Act ______Boston Massacre ______Quartering Act ______Boston Tea Party ______Tea Act ______Royal Proclamation ______Intolerable Acts ______– Paul Revere was born. Sugar Act ______became leader of Patriot Townshend Acts ______1735 movement in the Colonies

Declaring Independence Click! … “Alana, where are we?” “Shhh, Jackson. We’re outside a house in Philadelphia in June 1776.” “Oh, wow! Look in the window, Alana. That’s Thomas Jefferson! This is so cool!” “Listen. He’s talking to himself while he’s writing something.” “‘When in the course of human events it becomes necessary …’ That’s a good start. Yes, yes, that sounds about right. ‘… requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to …’ Hmm. That’s rather good. I hope the committee will approve.” “Oh, my gosh, Alana. Do you know what he’s writing?” “Of course I do. It’s the Declaration of Independence.” “Can you believe it? That camera of yours is amazing! Wait … he’s saying something else.” “‘We hold these truths to be sacred and undeniable …’ ” “Jackson, the Declaration says ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident …’ not ‘sacred and undeniable.’ What’s up?” “This must be Jefferson’s rough draft.” “Are you kidding? A great writer like Thomas Jefferson wrote rough drafts?” “Of course he did. Then he took the rough draft to the committee. they made several changes. One thing they changed was switching ‘sacred and undeniable’ to ‘self- evident.’ CONTINUED ON PAGE 4

Hear Ye, Hear Ye!

The roots of town hall meetings run deep in The polls are only open for one minute, and then our U.S. history. In many smaller communities, WKHEDOORWVDUHFRXQWHG7KHÀUVWYRWHVRIWKH they remain the most important and direct way 2012 presidential election to be counted and that citizens can participate in government. announced came from Dixville Notch. The 2012 For example, ever heard of a little place called, UHVXOWV"$WLHIRUWKHÀUVWWLPHLQWKHWRZQ·VKLVWRU\ Dixville Notch, New Hampshire? Only 12 people And if you’re wondering whether Dixville Notch live there, according to the 2010 census, but the has been successful in predicting the winner, town often makes the news on Election Day. they’ve only correctly selected seven of the last 13 Every four years, voters in Dixville Notch SUHVLGHQWV0D\EHEHLQJÀUVWGRHVQ·WDOZD\VPHDQ meet at midnight to place their vote for president. being right! :HHNRI‡3DJH a hom Okla The Road to Independence :KDWPDGHWKHFRORQLVWVÀQDOO\GHFLGHWRZULWHWKH'HFODUDWLRQRI Independence and send it to the king? Well …

fter the Boston Tea Party, King George closed warning system. When British soldiers approached for the Redcoats. When the British got there, the ABoston Harbor. Nobody was allowed to ship Boston, Patriots would light lanterns in the Old Patriots began shooting furiously. The British were anything in or out. The colonists were furious and North Church. They would light one lantern if shocked! They tried to run back to Boston, but they weren’t going to let the king get away with this. the British came by land and two if by sea. When were attacked all along the way. If King George They began to stockpile gunpowder and as many Revere saw the light, he would warn people across WKRXJKWWKH$PHULFDQVZRXOGQ·WRUFRXOGQ·WÀJKW guns as they could lay their hands on, just in case the countryside. So, did he take out his cell phone his armies, he was wrong. He was now thinking that they needed them later. The British caught wind of and send a tweet to warn everyone? If cell phones he probably should have read that letter after all. WKDWDQGVWDUWHGWRFRQÀVFDWH WDNHDZD\ FRORQLVWV· had been around then, it would have been a great He was going to have to get serious about bringing weapons. idea. Since they weren’t invented yet, he had to do order back to his Colonies. Meanwhile, the Colonies began to organize. things the old-fashioned way. He warned them on In 1774, representatives from each colony had a horseback! This is how it happened. On the night Second Continental Congress meeting, or congress, in Philadelphia. You might of April 18, 1775, British ships stealthily arrived. The colonists had ideas of their own. They have heard of some of the delegates: Patrick A Patriot climbed the church tower and lit two held the Second Continental Congress in May of Henry, Samuel Adams, John Adams and George lanterns. Minuteman Paul Revere jumped on a 1775. Representatives talked about strengthening Washington. They called this the First Continental horse and rode with his friend, William Dawes, to the militias into a real Continental Army. Hear, Congress. Congress sent a strong letter to King Lexington on the way to Concord. He wanted to hear! Who would be its leader? They talked about George asking him to give them certain rights. King warn Adams, Hancock and others that the British following the king’s rules peacefully and stopping George refused to even read the letter! were coming by sea. DOOWKHÀJKWLQJ:DLWZKDWDERXWWKHXQIDLUWD[HV After that, colonists again boycotted British without representation? And all the soldiers and goods. However, they weren’t foolish enough Lexington and Concord rules? Do you think both sides were ready to to think the king wouldn’t send more soldiers to The British were angry! They had been exposed! compromise? In these confusing times, colonists defend his rules. Redcoats arrived by the hundreds. They decided to march from Boston to Lexington, could only hope that common sense would take &RORQLVWVRUJDQL]HGWKHLURZQPLOLWLDV JURXSVRI where they heard the weapons were concealed over. FLWL]HQVROGLHUV LQWRZQVDQGFLWLHV6RPHZHUH KLGGHQ 2IFRXUVHZHNQRZWKHZHDSRQVZHUH called minutemen because they could be ready to farther along the road in Concord. Revere and Declaration of Independence ÀJKWWKH%ULWLVKLQVHFRQGVRUOHVV7KH\GLGQ·W Dawes kept riding to warn fellow Patriots. Along the The following year, a delegate named Richard have bright red jackets or fancy boots, but they had way they met Samuel Prescott, who joined the ride. Henry Lee read a statement to Congress that said the lots of heart and one goal: independence. People The British captured Revere but Dawes and Prescott Colonies should be “free and independent states” started thinking the Colonies could be a separate escaped. Prescott made it to Concord and spread the and that all ties with Great Britain should be broken. country with no more ties to England and the king. word. ,WZDVQ·WDQHZLGHDEXWWKLVZDVWKHÀUVWWLPH They wanted to be the United States of America! On April 19, 1775, the Redcoats arrived in VRPHRQHVDLGLWDWDQRIÀFLDOPHHWLQJ&RQJUHVV The small colonial militias were ready to take on /H[LQJWRQDWGD\EUHDNUHDG\WRÀJKW0LQXWHPHQ decided that it should make a good, solid list of big, bad Britain. Take that, King George! No more in Lexington met a large troop of British soldiers. A complaints to get the king’s attention. This time, taxation without representation! VKRWZDVÀUHG7KH$PHULFDQ5HYROXWLRQKDGWUXO\ they weren’t asking. They were telling King George begun. Sadly, the colonists at Lexington took quite they wanted independence. But who would write Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride a beating, and many were killed. But that’s not the the statement? Only one of the best writers around, The Patriots and Loyalists began to have end of this beginning. A spy told the British general Thomas Jefferson, would do. It took him two many heated arguments within the Colonies. The that they’d been tricked again, and that the weapons ZHHNVWRGUDIWRXUÀUVW´IUHHGRPGRFXPHQWµWKH %ULWLVKVROGLHUVÀJXUHGWKH\KDGEHWWHUÀQGWKRVH were actually in Concord. Bad news for the British! Declaration of Independence, in June 1776. On July stashed weapons, as well as those “traitors” Samuel Thanks to Paul Revere, William Dawes and 2, Congress voted to send the Declaration to King Adams and John Hancock. Colonists moved their Samuel Prescott, the colonists heard the British were George. A few changes were made, and on July 4, weapons and supplies to Concord, Massachusetts. coming and moved the weapons once again! Then 1776, the 13 United States of America adopted the Paul Revere and other minutemen wisely created a they gathered at Concord’s North Bridge and waited Declaration of Independence. Wow!

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Clarity of Expression: Thomas Paine and ‘Common Sense’

Thomas Paine was a failure as a student, sailor, businessman people. “Common Sense” sold thousands of copies, and Paine and soldier, but wow, could he write! He published pamphlets in became famous. He wrote, “The birthday of a new world is at Colonial America that stirred the hearts of people hand…” history has proven how true his words in a way that no one else had ever done. were. Born in England in 1737, Paine dropped out Paine joined the Continental Army and dis- of school at a young age. He bounced around covered he wasn’t cut out to be a soldier, either. in various jobs without success. He worked for Writing was his special skill. His next pamphlet, his father, then as a sailor, then as a tax collec- “7KH&ULVLV” contains his most famous line: tor. But his life changed when he met Benjamin “These are the times that try men’s souls.” Franklin, who convinced him to come to General Washington had Paine’s pamphlets read America in 1774. aloud to encourage the American troops during Paine was caught up in the fever for inde- the Revolution. pendence that was sweeping the Colonies. He Paine’s facts and ideas were clear and persua- ZURWHDSDPSKOHW DVPDOOQHZVSDSHURUPDJD sive. Many of these ideas were written into the zine, much like an issue of 6WXGLHV:HHNO\ WLWOHG Constitution, the core of our government. When “Common Sense.” It made a passionate argu- have you been successful in using your words to ment that the only choice for the colonists was change someone’s mind? Can you think of other to fight for their independence from Britain. The cover of Common Sense, times when clarity of expression helped change the pamphlet. His clear and logical writing spoke to the the course of history? :HHNRI‡3DJH

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Declaring Independence CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 Listen. He’s saying something else.” “How should I say this? Ah! ‘… that all Road to Revolution men are created equal …’ ” &UHDWH\RXURZQURDGWRUHYROXWLRQ

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Taking Fort T Click! … ´+ROGRQ-DFNVRQ:H·UHJHWWLQJUHDG\WRODQGµ ´:KRD$ODQD:K\GLGQ·W\RXWHOOPHZHZHUHWLPHWUDYHOLQJRQWRDERDW, ´&KHFNRXWWKDWIRUWµ DOPRVWIHOORYHUWKHVLGH:KHUHDUHZHDQ\ZD\"µ ´

Military Technology of Yesterday and Today: the Turtle

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A Brave and +RQRUDEOH:RPDQ

Have you ever seen a movie where a woman dressed up as a man or vice versa? Well, Deborah 6DPSVRQGLGMXVWWKDWGXULQJWKH5HYROXWLRQDU\ :DU9HU\ULVN\EXVLQHVV*LUOVZHUHQ·WDOORZHG WREHVROGLHUVEDFNLQWKHV'HERUDKMRLQHG the Army under the name of Robert Shurtleff. 6KHGLGQ·WORRNPXFKGLIIHUHQWIURPWKH\HDU ROGER\VÀJKWLQJQH[WWRKHU6KHZDVDÀQH soldier until she was shot in the leg. A doctor should have treated her right away. However, if she were to go to a doctor her identity would be revealed. So, “Robert” used a knife to remove the bullet, and things got riskier. Deborah got an infection and had to go to a doctor anyway. If VKHGLGQ·WVHHNPHGLFDOWUHDWPHQWWKHLQIHFWLRQ could have killed her. Deborah had to tell the doctor that she was a woman. Still, Sampson got DQKRQRUDEOHGLVFKDUJHLQIRUDMREZHOO done. Would you do something that risky to help your country?

© USA Studies Weekly — 1607 to 1806‡7ROOIUHHSKRQH  ‡)D[   ‡)RUSULFLQJLQIRUPDWLRQJRWRZZZVWXGLHVZHHNO\FRP‡)RURUGHULQJLQIRUPDWLRQRU TXHVWLRQVHPDLOVHUYLFH#VWXGLHVZHHNO\FRP‡)RUHGLWRULDOFRPPHQWVDQGIHHGEDFNHPDLO IHHGEDFN#VWXGLHVZHHNO\FRP‡0DWHULDOLQWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQPD\QRWEHUHSURGXFHGIRUVDOH LQSULQWRUHOHFWURQLFIRUPDW‹$PHULFDQ/HJDF\3XEOLVKLQJ,QF WKDWWXUQHGWKHWLGH WUHQG RIWKLVZDU ´7KHVHDUHWKHWLPHVWKDWWU\ :HHNRI‡3DJH +HSODQQHGDVXUSULVHDWWDFNRQWKH PHQ·VVRXOV7KHVXPPHU +HVVLDQVGXULQJ&KULVWPDVQLJKWZKLOH VROGLHUDQGWKHVXQVKLQHSDWULRW WKHHQHP\ZDVVWLOODVOHHSDIWHUKROLGD\ ZLOOLQWKLVFULVLVVKULQNIURP SDUWLHV7KH+HVVLDQVQHYHUH[SHFWHG WKHVHUYLFHRIWKHLUFRXQWU\ Winter at Valley Forge WKH$PHULFDQVWRDWWDFNRQ&KULVWPDV EXWKHWKDWVWDQGVE\LWQRZ “To see the men without clothes ... without blankets to lie 7KH\GLGQ·WWKLQNWKH3DWULRWVZRXOG GHVHUYHVWKHORYHDQGWKDQNVRI upon, without shoes ... without a house or hut to cover them until ÀJKWDJDLQXQWLOVSULQJ$OO*HRUJHKDG man and woman. …” those could be built, and submitting without a murmur, is a proof WRGRZDVJHWKLVWURRSVDFURVVDQLF\ of patience and obedience which ... can scarcely be paralleled.” ULYHUWKH'HODZDUH5LYHUWREHH[DFW³ 7KLVFHUWDLQO\ZDVDWLPHWRWU\ George Washington at Valley Forge, April 21, 1778 LWVHSDUDWHG3HQQV\OYDQLDIURP1HZ PHQ·VVRXOV)RUVRPHVROGLHUVKLNLQJ -HUVH\ WR7UHQWRQDIWHUFURVVLQJWKHULYHUZDV (YHQLI\RXKDYHQ·WKHDUGWKHVWRU\RI9DOOH\)RUJH\RXFDQ 2.VRLWZDV&KULVWPDV2.VR SRVVLEOHRQO\EHFDXVHWKH\FRXOGVHH UHDGZKDW*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQVDLGDQGJHWDSUHWW\JRRGLGHD LWZDVIUHH]LQJFROG2.VRWKHUHZDV WKHEORRG\IRRWSULQWVLQWKHVQRZRI about what happened there. Crossing the Delaware was a time DOLWWOHLFHLQWKHZDWHU³PDNHWKDW PHQZKRZHQWEHIRUHWKHP7DONDERXW WKDW´WULHGPHQ·VVRXOVµEXW9DOOH\)RUJHZDVHYHQZRUVH,W DORWRILFH+RZGR\RXJHWKRUVHV FROGDQGVDG,WLVVDLGWKDWWZRGLHGRQ WHVWHGWKHVROGLHUV·SDWLHQFHOR\DOW\VRXOVDQGERGLHV FDQQRQVDQGIUHH]LQJPHQLQWRERDWVLQ WKHZD\HLWKHUIURPLOOQHVVRUIUHH]LQJ In December 1777, the troops arrived at Valley Forge and WKHGDUNDQGPDNHLWWRWKHRWKHUVLGH" RUERWK6WLOOWKHUHVWFRQWLQXHGRQ EHJDQVHWWLQJXSFDPS:DVKLQJWRQ·VSODQZDVIRUWKH&RQWLQHQWDO $QGWKHQGRLWDJDLQDQGDJDLQXQWLO DQGHDUQHG´WKHORYHDQGWKDQNVµRI soldiers to build log huts and spend the winter training for battle. WKRXVDQGVRIVROGLHUVPDNHLWDFURVV" WKHLUQHZIHOORZFLWL]HQV7KH\ZHUH 8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKLQJVGLGQ·WJRH[DFWO\WKHZD\KHSODQQHG 2KDQGRQFHWKH\ZHUHDFURVV7UHQWRQ 3DWULRWVRQHDQGDOO :DVKLQJWRQ·VPHQZHUHH[KDXVWHGIURPORQJPDUFKHVDQG ZDVVWLOORYHUQLQHPLOHVDZD\-XVW battles with the British when they got to Valley Forge. Most had MXPSLQDUP\ERDWVDQGWUXFNVDQGEH Cross and no shoes and their clothes were tattered (old and torn). There GRQHZLWKLWULJKW":HOOWKH\GLGKDYH was not enough food to feed the 12,000 men at Valley Forge, and ERDWVEXWRQWKH1HZ-HUVH\VLGHWKH\ Double-Cross the Army did not get the support it needed from the Continental KDGWRGUDJWKHFDQQRQVDVWKH\ZDONHG :DVKLQJWRQ·VVROGLHUVÀQLVKHG Congress. During the winter of 1777-1778, almost 2,000 men died WKRVHQLQHPLOHV'LGVRPHRQHPHQWLRQ FURVVLQJWKHULYHUDQGKLNLQJLQWKH of exposure to the cold and diseases like typhoid and pneumonia. WKHUDLQKDLODQGVOHHW"$QGGRQ·W HDUO\KRXUVRI'HFHPEHU Still, most of them survived the ordeal, and the ones who did IRUJHWWKHKRZOLQJZLQGDQGEOLQGLQJ 7KH\DWWDFNHGWKHVQRR]LQJ+HVVLDQV were better soldiers. The daily training made them stronger VQRZ1HHGOHVVWRVD\FRQGLWLRQV 'HÀQLWHO\D&KULVWPDVWLPHVXUSULVH DQGPRUHFRQÀGHQW6SULQJEURXJKWQHZVXSSOLHVDQGHTXLSPHQW ZHUHJRLQJWREHKRUULEOH:DVKLQJWRQ IRUWKH*HUPDQVROGLHUV,WZDVDQ DQGPRUHVROGLHUVDUULYHGWRMRLQWKHWURRSV7KH5HYROXWLRQDU\ KDGWRLQVSLUHKLVWURRSVVRPHKRZWR LPSRUWDQWYLFWRU\KRZHYHUIRUWKH :DUZDVIDUIURPRYHUEXW:DVKLQJWRQ·VDUP\OHIW9DOOH\)RUJH SUHSDUHIRUWKLVDOOLPSRUWDQWFURVVLQJ QHZ8QLWHG6WDWHV*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQ ready to face the British again. +HIRXQGWKHSHUIHFWZRUGVZULWWHQE\ JDLQHGDJUHDWGHDORIUHVSHFWDQG How would you have felt if you were one of the soldiers at 7KRPDV3DLQH 5HPHPEHUKLP" RQ PDGHDJLDQWOHDSIRU$PHULFD7KHUH Valley Forge? Would you have been as patient, loyal and obedient 'HFHPEHU ZRXOGEHZRUVHEDWWOHVDQGZRUVH as they were? ZLQWHUVGXULQJWKLVZDUEXW$PHULFDQV ZHUHJUDGXDOO\ZLQQLQJWKHZD\WR FRQWLQXHGIUHHGRP

The Thrill of Victory, The Agony of Defeat Ticonderoga

1RWHYHU\FRQÁLFWHQGHGOLNH7LFRQGHURJD7KHUHZHUHWHUULEOHEDWWOHVZKHUHWKH Saratoga Americans suffered greatly by losing soldiers, land and control. Some call the American YLFWRU\LQWKH5HYROXWLRQDU\:DUDPLUDFOH+DYH\RXKHDUGWKDWZKHUHWKHUH·VDZLOO WKHUH·VDZD\"+HUH·VDFKDUWRIVRPHLPSRUWDQWEDWWOHV'RVRPHUHVHDUFKWRÀQGRXW who won each battle and write the answers in the “Winner” column.

Revolutionary War Battles Trenton Bunker Hill Name of State Date Winner Battle New York Ticonderoga May 1775

Massachusetts Bunker Hill June 1775 Yorktown December New Jersey Trenton 1776 New York Saratoga October 1777 April-May South Carolina Charleston 1780 Charleston Virginia Yorktown October 1781 :HHNRI‡3DJH

Name ______

ACROSS DOWN 2. someone who betrays 1. site of important his or her country, like Christmastime battle in Benedict Arnold 1776 5. the fort Ethan Allen and 3. river crossed by Benedict Arnold took Washington and his from the British troops in the winter of 8. month when the battles 1776 of Lexington and Concord 4. (WKDQ$OOHQ·VJURXSRI were fought ÀJKWHUV*UHHQBBBBB 9. famous Revolutionary Boys War song 6. *HUPDQVROGLHUVZKR 10. woman who dressed helped the British OLNHDPDQWRÀJKWLQ 7. writer of “These are the Revolutionary War: WKHWLPHVWKDWWU\PHQ·V Deborah ______souls”: Thomas _____

Making Music—A Yankee Doodle Dandy

+RZGRHVWRGD\·VSRSXODUPXVLFUHÁHFWZKDW·VJRLQJRQLQWKH world? The “it” song in the Colonies during the late 1770s was Yankee Doodle My Version “Yankee Doodle,” written by Richard Shuckburgh. Who would have thought a song you learned in school was the #1 hit of Yankee Doodle went to “______” WKH&RORQLHV",I\RXWKLQNLW·VDVRQJDERXWSDVWDLQ\RXUKDW then you are wrong! The British sang it during the American town ______Revolution to make fun of Yankee (American) doodles (fools). A-riding on a pony The lyrics, or words, that we know say the Yankees wore Stuck a feather in his cap ______feathers in their hats to copy a popular European wig style NQRZQDVWKH´PDFDURQLµ$VWKH$PHULFDQVJDLQHGFRQÀGHQFH And called it macaroni. ______the song became longer. They added lines to make fun of the Yankee Doodle, keep it up %ULWLVKDQGWRSUDLVH*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQWKH&RQWLQHQWDO$UP\ Yankee Doodle dandy ______and the U.S. as a whole. The song went from being an insult to the people of our new country to being an anthem (popular Mind the music and the step ______song) that Americans sang with pride. An American band played And with the girls be handy. the anthem to celebrate the U.S. victory on the last day ______soldiers battled in the American Revolution—October 19, 1781. Father and I went down to This form of song is known as musical satire. It makes a ______political statement and it pokes fun at things without being camp ______mean. Read the lyrics $ORQJZLWK&DSWDLQ*RRGLQJ below and listen to And there we saw the men a recording of the ______song at: http://222. and boys ______youtube.com/ As thick as hasty pudding. watch?v=7X7QZ8KL3as Yankee Doodle, keep it up ______Add a verse or two of your own. Make a Yankee Doodle dandy ______statement about a Mind the music and the step current event in your And with the girls be handy ______school or community, EXWGRQ·WEHUXGHMXVW ______funny. Sing it for the class! You can do it! ______

Think & Review ÀJKWLQJHYHQXQGHUWHUULEOH Personal Narrative: Pep Talk 1. Which individuals and conditions like the ones *HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQXVHGWKHZRUGVRI groups were on the Patriot they faced when crossing Thomas Paine as a pep talk to motivate his side in the taking of Fort the Delaware? troops in the Revolutionary War. Think of a time you had to do Ticonderoga? 6. Why do you think Benedict VRPHWKLQJGLIÀFXOWDQGVRPHRQHJDYH\RXDSHSWDON:DVLWD 2. How did Deborah Sampson Arnold became a traitor coach before a big game? Did a parent give you courage? Has ÀJKWLQWKH5HYROXWLRQDU\ after helping the Patriots GXULQJWKHÀUVWSDUWRIWKH a teacher helped you relax before an important test? Tell the War? war? story of a time you received or gave a pep talk. 3. :K\ZDV*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQ reluctant (unsure or 7. Why would Hessians help doubtful about) to lead the WKH%ULWLVKÀJKWWKH Continental Army? Americans? 4. Why do you think a soldier 8. What do you think, “Where ,I\RX·GOLNHWRPDNHDQ\HGLWRULDOFRPPHQWVDERXWRXU in the Continental Army WKHUH·VDZLOOWKHUH·VDZD\µ paper, please write to us at might consider deserting? means? 9. What type of song is IHHGEDFN#VWXGLHVZHHNO\FRP 5. What do you think would make a Patriot soldier keep “Yankee Doodle”? Week 21 Growing Vol. 1 Issue 3 Pains for the Third Quarter New Nation

Ending the Revolution, Once and for All Click! … “Good point, Jackson.” “Hey, Alana, where are we?” ´%RWKVLGHVKDGWRFRPSURPLVHWRJHWWKHWUHDW\SDVVHG.LQJ*HRUJHKDGWR “Paris, France. It’s 1783 and we’re here to watch the signing of the Revolutionary recognize the U.S. as a free and independent country.” War peace treaty. It’s called the Treaty of Paris.” “Yeah, and the U.S. got all the land between the Atlantic Ocean and the “Can you believe it took two years to make a peace treaty? The Revolutionary War Mississippi River, north to Canada and south to Florida. The British were kicked ended in 1781 when British General Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown.” out of America completely, right?” ´5LJKW-DFNVRQEXWWKHUHZHUHVWLOOVPDOOÀJKWVKHUHDQGWKHUH.LQJ*HRUJHMXVW “Not totally, Alana. We had to compromise, too. The British still got to use the wouldn’t give up. He kept his troops in the United States even after his star 0LVVLVVLSSL5LYHUDQGZHUHDEOHWRÀVKRIIRXUVKRUHVLQWKH$WODQWLF7KH%ULWLVK JHQHUDOZDYHGWKHZKLWHÁDJµ soldiers, however, were supposed to get out of the states and stay out.” ´$ODQDORRN7KHUH·V%HQMDPLQ)UDQNOLQµ “What about all the Americans who died during the war? Not to mention the “Yeah, let’s listen to what he’s saying.” thousands of people who were hurt. Didn’t the treaty include any consequences or “There has never been a good war or a bad peace.” punishment for the British?” “Did you hear that, Alana? That’s one of Franklin’s most famous quotes! Ben “As Ben Franklin said, war is never good. People on both sides were killed or Franklin got France to help us in the Revolutionary War, and then he helped set up wounded. This war was about freedom and that is why the soldiers gave their lives. the peace treaty. Good thing he spoke French. See those two men with him? That’s Unfortunately, war still happens. Here’s another saying: Freedom isn’t free.” John Adams and John Jay. All three represented the U.S. and signed the treaty.” “You’re right, Jackson. I’m glad I live in America, aren’t you?” “Cool, Jackson, but why was the treaty signed in France? The war was between “You bet! Hey, can we hang out in Paris after the treaty is signed? I’m getting us and England.” hungry. Parlez-vous lunch?” ´:HOOWKH\VXUHFRXOGQ·WKDYHVLJQHGLWLQ.LQJ*HRUJH·VWKURQHURRP)UDQFH … Click! was a neutral—and safe—place to sign the treaty.” Note: Parlez-vous (say par-lay-voo) is French for “Do you speak …”

Becoming an American

re you an American? What did become Americans today? Three citizens, and families can be split up Ayou have to do to become one? ways. in some circumstances. Odds are, many of you didn’t have 7KHÀUVWZD\LVWKDWLI\RXU The third way involves tons of to do anything but have American parents were American citizens, paperwork and a test. Sounds like parents. so are you, even if you were born school, right? This process is called What have other people had somewhere else. “Naturalization.” Usually, if you to do to become Americans? The second way is by being born DUHDWOHDVWKDYHOLYHGKHUHÀYH You’ve been reading about the here, even if your parents are from years, can read and write English, Revolutionary War. To become another country. If they were in the and can pass a U.S. history test, Americans, those people had to U.S. when you were born, then you then you can become “naturalized.” FUHDWH$PHULFD7KH\FRXOGQ·WÀQG are automatically a U.S. citizen. Think that’s a lot of work? It’s worth freedom in other countries, so they This is sometimes controversial it for more than a million people made their own. But how do people because it doesn’t make the parents every year! :HHNRI‡3DJH a hom kla O Growing Pains for the New Nation

The Articles of Confederation: Why Can’t We Be Friends? After the Revolutionary War, the new United States of America still faced many FKDOOHQJHV7KHVWDWHVDJUHHGWRKDYHD´«ÀUP league of friendship” and to cooperate for the common good. That was part of the Articles of &RQIHGHUDWLRQZKLFKZDVUDWLÀHG DSSURYHG  in 1781. The document set up a congress that could declare war and pass laws. Each state got one vote. Nine of the 13 states had to approve laws, or they didn’t become laws at all. But the national government was very weak. The government had no president to lead the country and no court system to settle arguments. Do you know the difference between rules and guidelines? Rules should be followed and guidelines are more like strong suggestions. Those two ideas can get mixed up when you’re arguing with your parents. It was the same with the new states. States didn’t always follow the rules in the Articles of Confederation. They believed states should have more power United States, 1781 WKDQWKHIHGHUDO QDWLRQDO JRYHUQPHQW6LQFH there was no executive branch in the federal government to enforce the rules, the states Where mail ended up was sometimes a mystery. might have gone something like this: “Our state XVXDOO\WUHDWHGWKHUXOHVDVLIWKH\ZHUHMXVW The federal government couldn’t accomplish wants to be friends with your state. Wait. You’re guidelines. anything because they could never get nine friends with that state? Then we don’t want you Some states printed their own money and states to agree. The confederation wasn’t even as our friend, after all!” Sounds like the school made their own rules for trading with other able to tax its citizens to make money to pay off playground, right? states and countries. Some states tried to tax debts from the Revolution. Instead, they would So you see, things weren’t going so other states. This confused the systems for politely ask states for money and the other smoothly for the new nation. It was actually a WUDGLQJÀVKWREDFFRLQGLJRDQGULFH3URGXFHUV states would politely refuse. mess in a lot of ways. Leaders back in England of these crops began to lose money, because 7KH&RQWLQHQWDO$UP\GLVEDQGHG VSOLWXS  were probably happy to see the new nation traders bought tobacco and rice from states with after the Revolutionary War. However, states struggling. fewer taxes and better policies. That caused still had their own militias and small navies. some states to switch their cash crop to cotton 6WDWHVKDGVHSDUDWHDOOLDQFHV SDUWQHUVKLSV  Land Ordinance of 1785 to keep making money. with foreign countries and other states. But not The United States’ money troubles led to the 6WDWHVHYHQKDGVHSDUDWHSRVWRIÀFHV\VWHPV everyone got along. A conversation about it Land Ordinance of 1785. An ordinance is an act

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Things were often confusing YEAR INVENTION, DESIGN OR IDEA and unorganized in the new United States, and some citizens had it George Washington and Thomas Jefferson served a popular dessert URXJK$IWHUDOOLW·VQRWHDV\WRVWDUW 1780s FDOOHG´LFHGFUHDPµWRWKHLUGLQQHUJXHVWV:HNQHZWKH\ZHUH a brand new country! But the period intelligent leaders! of time right after the Revolutionary The Great Seal of the United States of America was designed. Why do you think the designers chose a pyramid, a big eye and an eagle for the :DUZDVQ·WDOOEDG/HW·VORRNDWVRPH 1782 interesting events that took place. Seal? Look at the back of a dollar bill to see both sides of the seal as it looks today. A new American trade route opened. The U.S. sold grain, rum and furs to China. It took about a year to get goods from the U.S. to China and 1784 about the same time for the ships to return. What do you think the ships brought back? Hot air and hydrogen gas balloons became a new form of transportation. )UDQNOLQDQG:DVKLQJWRQHDFKREVHUYHGÁLJKWVEXWGLGQ·WJHWRQERDUG 1780s /HJHQGKDVLWWKDWWKHÀUVW$PHULFDQ´PDQµWRJRXSLQDEDOORRQZDV actually a 13-year-old boy. Can you imagine hopping on a hot air balloon instead of a school bus every morning? Thomas Jefferson proposed a coin system that was adopted in 1785. The 1784 $10 coin was gold, $1 was silver, 1/10th of a dollar was also silver and 1/100th of a dollar was copper. Sound familiar? Early design of the 7KHEHVW\HW7KH1RUWKZHVW2UGLQDQFHVWDWHG´«VFKRROVDQGWKH 1787 Great Seal. means of education shall forever be encouraged.” Hooray!

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Minnesota Today Northwest Territory

Land Act Sectioning

Wisconsin

Michigan

Illinois Ohio

Indiana

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 In 1787 Congress came up with another or rule that a government makes. Some states debtors’ prison. All across the new nation, plan. Instead of selling more land to the had already claimed land that was technically former soldiers were getting angry. existing states, they would allow brand new SDUWRIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVDVDZKROH /DQG One former soldier named Daniel Shays VWDWHVWRMRLQWKHFRXQWU\$PHULFDQH[SDQVLRQ ODERUDQGORRWULJKW" 7KHRUGLQDQFHDOORZHG GHFLGHGWRWU\DQGÀQGDQDQVZHUWRWKH was open for business! Congress decided that the federal government to sell land west of the problem—at any cost! Shays led hundreds of the land to the north and west of the Ohio states to any of the existing states that had the IDUPHUVDQGIRUPHUVROGLHUVLQDUHEHOOLRQ DQ River would become the Northwest Territory money to buy it. The land was divided into RSHQDWWDFNXVXDOO\DUPHG DJDLQVWWKHQHZ of the United States. Individual states had to sections of one square mile. Each section was country’s leaders. In January 1787, Shays give up their claims to land there. The territory divided into 36 smaller sections. States could and his men took their guns and headed to would later become several new states. Part see the land on a map and understand exactly 6SULQJÀHOG0DVVDFKXVHWWV7KHUHWKH\DWWDFNHG RIWKH1RUWKZHVW2UGLQDQFH WKHDFWWKDW what they were getting. Pretty handy for the DJRYHUQPHQWDUVHQDO DSODFHZKHUHZHDSRQV FUHDWHGWKH1RUWKZHVW7HUULWRU\ VDLGWKDW buyers, don’t you think? DUHVWRUHG )RXUPHQZHUHNLOOHGDQGPDQ\ slavery in the new states would not be allowed were wounded. After the rebellion, Daniel and that all men are created equal. Now Shays’ Rebellion, 1786-1787 Shays escaped to Vermont. Congress was getting somewhere! Leaders Problems for the new country were piling 6KD\VÁHGDQGZDVODWHUSDUGRQHGEXWKLV like Alexander Hamilton and James Madison up. The weak Congress had no power to collect rebellion made Congress take a good look at the helped the country realize that the Articles of taxes from any of the states. That made it Articles of Confederation. Leaders realized they Confederation needed to be changed. They impossible to pay the soldiers who had fought needed a stronger national government. They wanted the United States to really be united in the Continental Army. The soldiers were knew they had better act quickly, or they’d have into one nation. Sounds like a good plan, right? very upset because they needed money to take QRWMXVWDUHEHOOLRQEXWDQDOORXWUHYROXWLRQRQ In future issues of Studies Weekly, you’ll care of their families and farms. They were their hands. read about why that plan didn’t work out in danger of losing their farms and going to after all!

7KH:RUOG·V1HZHVW1DWLRQ The United States of America

When the U.S. declared its VXIIHUZDVÀQHZLWKWKH)UHQFKDQG independence from Britain in 1776, Spanish. ZHEHFDPHWKHZRUOG·VQHZHVWQDWLRQ What about the American Indians We were such a young country that we and Africans? Well, they fought on needed help from some of our fellow both sides of the Revolutionary War. nations as we fought the Revolutionary Many American Indians fought with the War. Who stepped up to the plate to %ULWLVKWKLQNLQJWKH\·GEHSURWHFWHG help? from American expansion to the west. In 1778, America got some much- African slaves were promised freedom needed assistance from France. Soon if they joined the British, so thousands the Dutch and Spanish began to help, signed up. George Washington began to too. At Valley Forge, a Prussian soldier gradually allow African Americans to named Baron von Steuben trained the join his side. Continental soldiers to be a strong, The British were most nervous about FRQÀGHQWDUP\ their European neighbors supporting France and Spain were happy to American independence. They were provide money and soldiers to America afraid that the French, Spanish and during the Revolution. Both of these 'XWFKPLJKWDWWDFN(QJODQG7KDWGLGQ·W countries hated Great Britain. They KDSSHQDQGLQWKHZDURIÀFLDOO\ were sick of British domination ended. The United States of America (control) in Europe and were still ZDVWKHZRUOG·VQHZHVWQDWLRQDQGLW hurting after the French and Indian was on its way to becoming one of the War. Anything that made the British most powerful countries in the world! :HHNRI‡3DJH

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ACROSS 4. Articles of 6. This was outlawed ______in the Northwest 5. Patriot who Territory. persuaded France to 8. an open attack, help the Americans usually armed in the Revolutionary 10. Prussian soldier who War: Benjamin trained soldiers at ______Valley Forge: 7. type of money system Baron von ______designed by Thomas Jefferson Scan this with DOWN 9. a rule made by the a smartphone 1. another word for government or go to national StudiesWeekly.com 2. ______of Paris to earn points 3. leader of a rebellion as you learn! by farmers: Daniel Help me upgrade ______my home and garage!

The Northwest Territory

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 allowed the United States to grow. New state borders were set up and states were later added to the original 13. Look at the map and do some research to determine which states were created from the Northwest Territory. On the lines in each state, write its name, the year it gained statehood and what its current capital is. There was a small amount of territory left over that would later become part of a sixth state (see the white area of the map). Which state did that region become a part of?

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Think & Review 10. People in the 1700s and 1800s often wrote 1. What two events ended the Revolutionary journals and letters. (The letter George War? (Hint: They happened two years Washington wrote after he became apart.) president is just one example.) Why do 7KLVZHHNZH·UHDGGLQJ´:HE 2. :K\GR\RXWKLQNWKH86GLGQ·WRSHQ you think that is true? Surfers” to your writing. To learn a trade route to China until after the more about George Washington, Revolutionary War? such as his childhood, his home, 3. Why did Daniel Shays rebel against the his false teeth, his presidency, government? the true origin of the cherry tree 4. List four new inventions, designs or ideas fable and more, go to: http:// of the 1780s. gwpapers.virginia.edu/documents/ 5. What government rule allowed states to presdocs.html. You can view buy lands they had claimed to the west? primary source documents, do 6. What were some key features of the activities and look at pictures. Be Northwest Ordinance of 1787? warned—you could spend hours at 7. :KDWZHUHVRPHRIWKHEHQHÀWVRIWKH this site! After visiting the site, Articles of Confederation? write either a biographical essay 8. What were some major problems the U.S. DERXW*HRUJH:DVKLQJWRQ·VOLIH had under the Articles of Confederation? ,I\RX·GOLNHWRPDNHDQ\HGLWRULDO or an original George Washington 9. Why is George Washington called the comments about our paper, please write to fable. ´)DWKHURIRXU&RXQWU\µ" us at [email protected].