Week 15 Part 1: Vol. 1 Issue 3 &RORQLDO&RQÁLFW Third Quarter OK5-3 ‘Camera Angles’ in New England Click! … winter months they could starve. Especially since the leader of the Wampanoag. He’s also the son of “Alana, are you sure this is a good idea?” the English made them surrender (give up) many Massasoit, the previous sachem who had a better “Of course, Jackson! We’ve been in tighter of their guns.” working relationship with the colonists than he situations before. Besides, we want to be able to “But what about the colonists? They must be did!” get a good picture of what it was like, right?” afraid, too. Did you see that group of American “Lots of English colonists called this King “Well, yes, but in the middle of a war? I don’t Indian warriors in the woods on the other side Philip’s war.” know.” of the river? I’m pretty sure they had several “I guess that’s because they think he started it.” “We’ll try to stay out of site, so don’t worry too colonists with them—and not just soldiers! I saw “And I’m pretty sure he thinks that they did, much. Can you think of a better way?” a woman with three children all being treated like Jackson. It’s all about the ‘camera angle.’ Let’s go “No, but—” prisoners. I don’t mind telling you that now I’m get both perspectives!” … Click! “Calm down, Jackson. We’re just going to getting a little nervous, too!” use the camera to get some snapshots from both ´:KDW":KHUH",GHÀQLWHO\WKLQN sides.” you should get a picture, Alana, “But these guys are really upset!” so that we can learn more “Of course they’re upset. Can you blame about it! Was Metacomet WKHP"'LG\RXVHHWKH:DPSDQRDJFRUQÀHOGZH with them? Did you see passed? I took a picture of it to study more closely him?” later. It looked to me as if the colonists’ livestock “Oh right, had destroyed it. I’m no hoofprint expert, but I’d Metacomet, or King say the cattle trampled everything that they didn’t Philip!” eat along the way.” “Yes, the “I know. That’s not good, Alana.” English called him “Not good at all. If the American Indians here King Philip. The in New England don’t have enough of the three Wampanoag knew sisters for the winter months—” him as Metacomet, “That’s right, the three sisters—corn, beans or Metacom. He’s and squash! If they don’t have enough for the the Great Sachem— American Indians in New England Today fter King Philip’s War, New England even has a huge museum and educational AIndian tribes and colonists of the center. In addition to their work on tribal region worked to rebuild their relationships history and heritage, the Mashantucket over time. Today there are about 20 Pequot run golf courses, a casino and recognized tribes in the New England one of the MGM resorts. This makes the region. A recognized tribe means that the Pequot Nation one of the largest employers WULEHKDVDQRIÀFLDOUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKWKH in the state! Another tribe in Connecticut, U.S. or state government. Some tribes, like the Golden Hill Paugussett tribe, has a the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation reservation that’s only one fourth of an in southeastern Connecticut, have a lot acre. No matter what the size is of the tribe of land and run large businesses. Some or the reservation, American Indians work Mashantucket Pequot live on one of the hard, go to school and are proud of their 0DVKDQWXFNHW3HTXRW0XVHXPDQG5HVHDUFK&HQWHU oldest reservations in the country. This tribe heritage! :HHNRI3DJH a hom Okla .LQJ3KLOLS·V:DU³)LJKWLQJ IRU/DQGDQG/LYHV &RQÁLFWLVVRPHWKLQJZHDOONQRZDOLWWOH Land Acquisition and the What did the American Indians think these about. If you’ve ever had a disagreement with treaties meant? Many tribes thought they would a friend or sibling, you know how easily we New England Settlements share the land with the newcomers. Instead, FDQJHWLQWRDUJXPHQWVRUÀJKWV6RPHWLPHV In 17th century New England, land meant many colonists fenced, farmed and hunted lands ZHÀJKWRYHUWKHODVWVOLFHRISL]]DRUIRUWKH survival for the American Indian tribes who that had been important to American Indians’ FKDQFHWREHWKHÀUVWWRGRVRPHWKLQJ:KDWLI lived there. Wampanoag, Pequot, Nipmuc and survival. Both the colonists and American you fought for something that would make a 1DUUDJDQVHWW,QGLDQVÀVKHGWKHFRDVWVDQG ,QGLDQVORVWOLYHVZKHQFRQÁLFWVWXUQHGYLROHQW huge difference to your family’s life or to its farmed the land for thousands of years before HVSHFLDOO\LQZKHQFRORQLVWVIRXJKWWKH survival? What if there was just enough food to places like Rhode Island, Massachusetts or Pequot. However, while colonial populations feed your family and someone stole it? There Connecticut were even thought of. The arrival continued to rise, the American Indians fought are always two perspectives, or two sides, to of Europeans, though, would change American for enough land to hunt or farm to feed their DQDUJXPHQWRUÀJKW%RWKVLGHVFDQEHOLHYHVR Indians’ lives forever. families. Their populations began to decrease. strongly in their perspective that if one group Colonists had come from Europe to build By 1675, Metacomet led the Wampanoag, feels threatened by the other, the outcome new settlements and practice their religions and they had had enough. Known to the can be tragic. Let’s look at what happened in freely. They saw the land in the Americas English as King Philip, Metacomet organized &RORQLDO1HZ(QJODQG,WZDVWKHUHWKDWDÀJKW as a gift from God. These colonists brought a rebellion against the Plymouth Colony. for land led to a little-known but deadly war in new religions, powerful weapons, a hunger (QJOLVKRIÀFLDOVKDQJHGWKUHH:DPSDQRDJ our country’s history. for wealth and land, as well as diseases that Indians. These Wampanoag were accused infected the American Indians. When colonists of killing another American Indian who had made land treaties with American Indians, they warned colonists. Warrior attacks on colonial thought the tribes would leave the area. YLOODJHVEHJDQRQ-XQHDQGODVWHGIRURYHU a year. The Nipmuc and Narragansett tribes soon joined the Wampanoag. These tribes ÀHUFHO\DWWDFNHGYLOODJHDIWHUYLOODJH6RPH tribes, such as the Pequot and the Mohegan, sided with the colonists. Colonial leaders also called for all men between the ages of 16 and 60 to join a local militia (armed force). They formed an army of 1,000 men and mounted their own attack—with devastating results. In December 1675, the militia destroyed a large American Indian village near South Kingston, R.I. Estimates of the number of Narrangansett killed range 'LDU\RI$OH[DQGHU%DUFOD\ 0HUFKDQWRI)RXUWK6WUHHW3KLODGHOSKLD -XQH :KDWDÀQH-XQHGD\WRKDYHPHWWKHVKLSWKH7KUHH6LVWHUVLQ WKHKDUERU2XUKRXVHKROGDZRNHHDUO\WRKHOSFODLPRXUVKLSPHQW 7KHÀJKWLQJZLWKWKH)UHQFKDQG$PHULFDQ,QGLDQVKDGHPSWLHGRXU shelves and barrels faster than we could replenish (restock). Crowds at the dock were cheering as the crates came down the gangplank. We were thrilled! :HUHDFKHGKRPHDVWKHVXQFOLPEHGDERYHXV1RPLGGD\UHVWDV FXVWRPHUVGHPDQGHGJRRGVEXWZHKHOGWKHPDWED\XQWLOZHFRXOGJHW organized. Spirits rose even higher as we checked items off the list—a JUHDWYDULHW\RIXVHIXOLWHPVLQGHHG:HQRZKDYHSOHQW\RIZRROHQV VLONVVROHOHDWKHUEXWWRQVDQGGU\JRRGV7KHFUDWHVRIULFHVXJDU and oil will be especially appreciated. Pistols and muskets remain in FUDWHVIRUWKH&RORQHOWRLQVSHFW,FKHFNHGRQWKHEDUUHOVRISRZGHU and they seemed to be dry and ready for customers to collect. ,WLVÀQDOO\WLPHIRURXUHYHQLQJPHDO:HVHWWOHGVHYHUDOGHEWV (monies owed) today and were promised by the Colonel that our goods ZRXOGQRWEHWDNHQDZD\,QH[FKDQJHZHZLOOH[WHQGFUHGLWWRWKHP IRUWKHUHPDLQGHURIWKHFRQÁLFW 9RO,VVXH$XJUSA Studies Weekly — 1607 to 1806 (ISSN 2325-7261) is published in August, October, January and 0DUFKE\$PHULFDQ/HJDF\3XEOLVKLQJ,QF$SSOLFDWLRQWR0DLODW3HULRGLFDOV3RVWDJH3ULFHVLV3HQGLQJDW3OHDVDQW*URYH87 DQGDWDGGLWLRQDOPDLOLQJRIÀFHV.QRZQRIÀ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he war lasted into the summer of 1676, but Metacomet lost support as disease and starvation took its toll on area tribes. Only a few small tribal communities survived, and King Philip was killed as KHÁHGIURP(QJOLVKWURRSV%\WKH 6XGEXU\0DVVDFKXVHWWV end of the war, about 50 colonial villages had been attacked, and 6XGEXU\0DVVLVDWRZQRIDERXWSHRSOH:LWK some of them were completely WKHKHOSRIPRGHUQWUDQVSRUWDWLRQLWLVQRZFRQVLGHUHGSDUW destroyed. When we look RI%RVWRQ·VVXEXUEDQ0HWUR:HVWUHJLRQ%XWZKHQFRORQLVWV from both perspectives, VHWWOHGWKHYDOOH\LQ6XGEXU\ZDVMXVWDFROOHFWLRQRI misunderstandings and VLPSOHVKHOWHUVRQWKHEDQNVRIWKH6XGEXU\5LYHU,WZDVD violence made life for everyone \HDUODWHUWKDWZRUNHUVFRQVWUXFWHGWKHÀUVWPLOODQGWZR H[WUHPHO\GLIÀFXOW \HDUVODWHUWKDWSHRSOHEXLOWWKHÀUVWFKXUFK7KHWRZQZDV RIÀFLDOO\IRXQGHGLQDQGPRUHVWUXFWXUHVZHUHDGGHGDV people settled the area. (DUO\LQLWVKLVWRU\6XGEXU\EHFDPHDSDUWRI.LQJ3KLOLS·VZDU 6XGEXU\ZDVDWWDFNHGRQ$SULO:DUULRUVEXUQHGKRPHV DQGIDUPVDQGDERXWVROGLHUVGLHGDWWKH%DWWOHRI*UHHQ +LOO:KLOHWKLVZDVDYLFWRU\IRUWKH$PHULFDQ,QGLDQV6XGEXU\ UHVLGHQWVGHFLGHGWKH\ZHUHQ·WJRLQJDQ\ZKHUH7KH6XGEXU\ PLOLWLDDOVRIRXJKWLQWKH)UHQFKDQG,QGLDQ:DUDQGWKHWRZQ RUJDQL]HGVL[FRPSDQLHVRIVROGLHUVIRUWKH5HYROXWLRQDU\:DU WKDWIROORZHG)RUDVWDUW6XGEXU\WURRSVSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKH 1775 battle in the neighboring town of Concord. ,Q6XGEXU\ZDVGLYLGHGLQWRWZRWRZQVRQHLWKHUVLGH