Unit 2 Graphic Organizer Declaration of Independence (4A) Sources
The ______Enlightenment was a time period featuring ______revolutionary ideas in ______philosophy and ______political thought. Writer’s like ______John Locke influenced American ideas about the purpose of ______.government Many of these ideas were used by Thomas ______Jefferson and the ______Committee of Five when drafting the ______.Declaration of Independence Natural rights and the “social contract theory.” Declaration of Independence (4A) Organization
The ______Declaration of Independence has a ______preamble explaining the ______reasons for the document; a section explaining the ______political principles underlying the document; a lists of ______grievances against King ______George III and ______;Parliament and a statement of ______independence from Great Britain. Declaration of Independence (4A) Argument
Thomas ______Jefferson and the ______Committee of Five argued that Britain had repeatedly violated the ______unalienable rights of the colonists, which ______justified their decision to declare ______independence from Great Britain and form their own ______independent nation. American Revolution, 1775-1783
The ______American Revolution was a war fought for the ______independence of the 13 British colonies. It pitted the colonists against the British ______.redcoats After the battle of ______,Saratoga the ______French entered the war on the side of the ______.colonists With the French ______navy and the other materials they provided, the colonists defeated the ______British with their victory at the battle of ______Yorktown in 1781. The ______British officially recognized American ______independence with the signing of the ______,Treaty of Paris 1783. French alliance in American Revolution (4B)
The US relied heavily on an alliance with ______French to defeat Britain. The colonists had a great desire for independence and the willingness to fight, but they had no ______,navy barely an ______,army and very little ______money for supplies. ______France could supply all these things. ______Benjamin Franklin was sent to Paris to form an open alliance with the ______.French John ______Adams was named as a commissioner in 1777 to work with Benjamin ______Franklin in negotiating a French alliance. ______John Adams worked hard convincing the French to use their navy in the War for ______.Independence George Washington & Marquis de LaFayette (4C) Washington demonstrated outstanding ______leadership qualities. As ______inCommander ______Chief of the ______Continental army Washington proved to be an amazing military leader. His willingness to ride into the heat of the battle, risking his own ______,life greatly ______inspired & won him the ______loyalty of his soldiers. Washington’s ability to hold his ______army together and frustrate the British allowed the ______Continental army time needed to grow its _____ranks and become better ______.trained The Marquis de ______Lafayette used his family influence and played a major role in persuading the ______French to give their support to the colonists during the ______Revolutionary War. Battle of Trenton, December 1776 General ______Washington and the ______Continental Army were nearly defeated when they surprised the ______Hessian mercenaries by crossing the ______Delaware River on Christmas night. This dramatic victory for the ______Americans lead to other victories and greatly lifted American ______.people It gave people hope that the ______revolution might succeed. Battle of Saratoga, 1777
A major ______turning point in the ______revolution occurred at the battle of ______.Saratoga This victory for the ______Americans convinced the ______French to sign an ______alliance with them. The French now sent parts of its ______navy and increased material support for the ______.Americans The British also began keeping their troops close to the ______coast in order to be re-supplied by the British ______.navy Battle of Yorktown, 1781 (4D) In order to resupply his men, General ______Cornwallis moved his troops onto the Virginia peninsula near Yorktown. Sensing an opportunity for victory, General ______Washington sent ______Lafayette (who planned the strategy) with 5,000 ______American soldiers to block the British from escaping by land. The ______French Navy arrived in the Chesapeake Bay and blocked the British escape by sea. After a 3 week long siege, General ______Cornwallis surrendered to General ______.Washington This final victory at ______Yorktown effectively ended the Marquis de Lafayette ______.American Revolution Battle of Yorktown, 1781 (4D) Treaty of Paris, 1783 (4F) The treaty forced the British Parliament to officially recognize ______.American independence
The new boundary of the US stretched from the ______Atlantic Ocean in the east to the ______Mississippi River in the west. The northern boundary of the new US was the ______inGreat Lakes/Canada the north to Spanish ______Florida south. Articles of Confederation (5A)
The newly ______independent states were cautious about giving too much authority to a ______central government and created a confederation of ______.states Each state would maintain its sovereignty while loosely unified as a nation. ______Ratified in 1781, this document failed because it did not give enough ______power to the Federal Gov’t. Two effective laws passed under the Articles were the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the NW Ordinance of 1787. The Land Ordinance provided a plan for surveying the land in the ______Northwest Territories (Ohio Region). Land was divided into ______townships & ______.sections To encourage westward ______,migration land was sold cheaply. Many ______Americans moved into the NW ______,territory as a result. To fund public education, the money from every16th _____ section of land sold would fundschool a ______for that township. Land Ordinance of 1785/Townships and Sections Northwest Ordinance 1787 (5A)
Congress provided a procedure for dividing the land into ______.territories Requirements were set for the ______admission of new states, without considering Native American _____land claims. Slavery was ______banned in the NW Territory by the Federal Government. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation (5B)
Daniel Shays’ Rebellion (5B)
Due to high state in ______Massachusetts and ______falling farm prices, a large number of farmers were about to face ______.foreclosure To prevent this, Daniel ______Shays led these farmers in a ______.rebellion Without an adequate ______,national government Massachusetts______was forced to deal with the ______.revolt Shays’ ______Rebellion proved that the new nation needed a stronger ______central government to deal with the nation’s ______.problems Great Compromise The ____Great ______Compromise made sure that the interests of ______large and ______small states were represented in the ______legislature that was created by the U.S. ______.Constitution Limited Government
The framers of the U.S. Constitution Checks & Balances included ______limited ______government as a feature to ensure that the ______national government would not Federalism overpower the rights of the ______people and ______.states Checks & balances, separation of powers, federalism, and the Limited Government
Bill of Rights were mechanisms used to Bill of Rights limit or control the power of the ______national government.
Separation of Powers Three-Fifths Compromise (5C)
Representation based on ______population raised the question of whether ______slaves should be counted. ______Southern delegates, whose states had many slaves, wanted slaves included to increase their numbers in the ______House of Representatives______. Northern delegates disagreed. The ______⅗ Compromise called for ⅗ of a state’s slaves to be counted in its ______.population Federalists ➢ Strongly favored ______ratification Anti-Federalists (5D) of the U.S. ______Constitution ➢ Strongly ______opposed ➢ Believed that a ______stronger ratification of the U.S. national government was needed Constitution (Shays’ Rebellion) ➢ Believed the ______national gov’t was ➢ Felt that a ______Bill of Rights was too strong under the Constitution not necessary to protect individual ➢ Insisted that a ______Bill of Rights and states’ rights be added to protect the rights of ➢ Alexander ______Hamilton and ______and the ______individuals states James ______Madison wrote against the ______. The ______Federalist Papers to national government encourage support for ______ratification of the ______Constitution Federalists: Alexander Hamilton (above) & James Madison
Anti-Federalist Leaders: Opposed Constitution/supported Bill of Rights Bill of Rights (5E) The ______Anti-Federalists originally refused to ______ratify or vote for approval of the US Constitution because it didn’t do enough to protect the rights of ______andstates the ______.people A ______Bill of Rights was added because of this demand. The Bill of Rights is also known as the first ______10 amendments to the U.S. ______.Constitution