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Unit 2 Graphic Organizer Declaration of Independence (4A) Sources

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Unit 2 Graphic Organizer Declaration of Independence (4A) Sources The ____________________Enlightenment was a time period featuring ________________revolutionary ideas in ___________________philosophy and __________political thought. Writer’s like _________________John Locke influenced American ideas about the purpose of _________________.government Many of these ideas were used by Thomas ______________Jefferson and the _________________Committee of Five when drafting the ______________________________.Declaration of Independence Natural rights and the “social contract theory.” Declaration of Independence (4A) Organization The _________________________Declaration of Independence has a __________preamble explaining the _____________reasons for the document; a section explaining the __________political principles underlying the document; a lists of _________grievances against King _____________George III and ___________;Parliament and a statement of ___________independence from Great Britain. Declaration of Independence (4A) Argument Thomas ________________Jefferson and the ____________________Committee of Five argued that Britain had repeatedly violated the __________________unalienable rights of the colonists, which _______________justified their decision to declare _______________independence from Great Britain and form their own _________________independent nation. American Revolution, 1775-1783 The ______________________________American Revolution was a war fought for the ___________independence of the 13 British colonies. It pitted the colonists against the British ____________.redcoats After the battle of _____________,Saratoga the _________French entered the war on the side of the ______________.colonists With the French _________navy and the other materials they provided, the colonists defeated the __________British with their victory at the battle of ____________Yorktown in 1781. The ____________British officially recognized American ______________independence with the signing of the __________,Treaty of Paris 1783. French alliance in American Revolution (4B) The US relied heavily on an alliance with _______________French to defeat Britain. The colonists had a great desire for independence and the willingness to fight, but they had no ________,navy barely an _______,army and very little ____________money for supplies. _____________France could supply all these things. _____________________Benjamin Franklin was sent to Paris to form an open alliance with the __________________.French John ________Adams was named as a commissioner in 1777 to work with Benjamin _______________Franklin in negotiating a French alliance. _____________John Adams worked hard convincing the French to use their navy in the War for ____________________.Independence George Washington & Marquis de LaFayette (4C) Washington demonstrated outstanding _________________leadership qualities. As _________________inCommander _________Chief of the ________________Continental army Washington proved to be an amazing military leader. His willingness to ride into the heat of the battle, risking his own _______,life greatly __________inspired & won him the ___________loyalty of his soldiers. Washington’s ability to hold his ________army together and frustrate the British allowed the _________________Continental army time needed to grow its _____ranks and become better ___________.trained The Marquis de ______________Lafayette used his family influence and played a major role in persuading the _____________French to give their support to the colonists during the _____________________Revolutionary War. Battle of Trenton, December 1776 General __________________Washington and the ________________Continental Army were nearly defeated when they surprised the __________________________Hessian mercenaries by crossing the __________Delaware River on Christmas night. This dramatic victory for the _____________Americans lead to other victories and greatly lifted American ___________.people It gave people hope that the __________revolution might succeed. Battle of Saratoga, 1777 A major ___________________turning point in the ______________revolution occurred at the battle of ______________.Saratoga This victory for the ______________Americans convinced the ___________French to sign an ___________alliance with them. The French now sent parts of its ________navy and increased material support for the ______________.Americans The British also began keeping their troops close to the _____________coast in order to be re-supplied by the British __________.navy Battle of Yorktown, 1781 (4D) In order to resupply his men, General ______________Cornwallis moved his troops onto the Virginia peninsula near Yorktown. Sensing an opportunity for victory, General ___________Washington sent ______________Lafayette (who planned the strategy) with 5,000 _____________American soldiers to block the British from escaping by land. The ___________French Navy arrived in the Chesapeake Bay and blocked the British escape by sea. After a 3 week long siege, General _____________Cornwallis surrendered to General ________________.Washington This final victory at _______________Yorktown effectively ended the Marquis de Lafayette _____________________.American Revolution Battle of Yorktown, 1781 (4D) Treaty of Paris, 1783 (4F) The treaty forced the British Parliament to officially recognize __________________________.American independence The new boundary of the US stretched from the ____________Atlantic Ocean in the east to the _______________Mississippi River in the west. The northern boundary of the new US was the _________________inGreat Lakes/Canada the north to Spanish _____________Florida south. Articles of Confederation (5A) The newly _____________independent states were cautious about giving too much authority to a _________central government and created a confederation of _______.states Each state would maintain its sovereignty while loosely unified as a nation. _______Ratified in 1781, this document failed because it did not give enough ____________power to the Federal Gov’t. Two effective laws passed under the Articles were the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the NW Ordinance of 1787. The Land Ordinance provided a plan for surveying the land in the ____________Northwest Territories (Ohio Region). Land was divided into ________________townships & __________.sections To encourage westward _________,migration land was sold cheaply. Many ____________Americans moved into the NW _________________,territory as a result. To fund public education, the money from every16th _____ section of land sold would fundschool a ________________ for that township. Land Ordinance of 1785/Townships and Sections Northwest Ordinance 1787 (5A) Congress provided a procedure for dividing the land into ______________.territories Requirements were set for the ___________admission of new states, without considering Native American _____land claims. Slavery was _________banned in the NW Territory by the Federal Government. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation (5B) Daniel Shays’ Rebellion (5B) Due to high state in _______________Massachusetts and __________falling farm prices, a large number of farmers were about to face _____________.foreclosure To prevent this, Daniel _________Shays led these farmers in a _____________.rebellion Without an adequate ____________________,national government Massachusetts___________ was forced to deal with the _______.revolt Shays’ ____________Rebellion proved that the new nation needed a stronger _______________________central government to deal with the nation’s ________________.problems Great Compromise The ____Great ______________ Compromise made sure that the interests of _________large and ________small states were represented in the _______________legislature that was created by the U.S. ___________.Constitution Limited Government The framers of the U.S. Constitution Checks & Balances included __________limited ____________government as a feature to ensure that the _____________national government would not Federalism overpower the rights of the _______people and ___________.states Checks & balances, separation of powers, federalism, and the Limited Government Bill of Rights were mechanisms used to Bill of Rights limit or control the power of the ____________national government. Separation of Powers Three-Fifths Compromise (5C) Representation based on ____________population raised the question of whether _______slaves should be counted. ________Southern delegates, whose states had many slaves, wanted slaves included to increase their numbers in the ______House of Representatives_____________. Northern delegates disagreed. The ________________⅗ Compromise called for ⅗ of a state’s slaves to be counted in its ______________________.population Federalists ➢ Strongly favored _____________ratification Anti-Federalists (5D) of the U.S. _________________Constitution ➢ Strongly ____________opposed ➢ Believed that a ______________stronger ratification of the U.S. national government was needed Constitution (Shays’ Rebellion) ➢ Believed the _____________national gov’t was ➢ Felt that a ________________Bill of Rights was too strong under the Constitution not necessary to protect individual ➢ Insisted that a ______________ Bill of Rights and states’ rights be added to protect the rights of ➢ Alexander _______________Hamilton and __________ and the __________ individuals states James ________________Madison wrote against the _______________________. The ____________________Federalist Papers to national government encourage support for ____________ratification of the __________Constitution Federalists: Alexander Hamilton (above) & James Madison Anti-Federalist Leaders: Opposed Constitution/supported Bill of Rights Bill of Rights (5E) The ________________Anti-Federalists originally refused to __________ratify or vote for approval of the US Constitution because it didn’t do enough to protect the rights of ________andstates the __________.people A _________________Bill of Rights was added because of this demand. The Bill of Rights is also known as the first _________10 amendments to the U.S. _________________.Constitution.
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