Walter Wilbur Wilbur [Paris, [Paris, Charles Edward Edward Biologia rds of of the rds Georges Georges credits Augustus Augustus . A. (Alfred) (Alfred) A.

Stockholm: Stockholm:

Paris,1904. Ericsson LM. The Avifauna of The Avifauna Narrative of the Narrative

London, 1893-1900. London, date of the bi date , edited by Frederick Frederick by edited , Louis Térès. Farrell-Cheek Steel Co. Steel Farrell-Cheek (1879-1882). (1879-1882).

L’Aerophile. Paris, 1908. Paris, All images from All images from

Brüder Wright; eine Studie Wright; Brüder Philadelphia, 1844. Philadelphia, All images from All images from

Nathaniel Philbrick, pho- Philbrick, Nathaniel “Himantopus “Himantopus knudseni, “La machine volante des des volante “La machine Mollusca & shells Mollusca

Transit of Venus photograph Venus of Transit “Didephis Derbiana,” Tab. Tab. “Didephis Derbiana,” Photos by Gwen Leighty. Gwen by Photos All images from from All images

Papillons (Butterflies). Papillons

Berlin, 1909. Berlin,

Narrative of the United States States of the United Narrative Charles Wilkes. Philadelphia, 1844. Philadelphia, Mammalia DuCane Godman and Osbert Salvin. Godman and OsbertDuCane Salvin. M. Frederick Dr. 1879-1915. London, photograph by Overstreet, & Leslie Bayer Gwinn. E. Nancy editor: Robert Kearns design: Elizabeth Periale Page 5: Kearns. Bob by Page 6: Page 7: Alston. R. 22. centrali-americana A. Gould. A. Wilkes. exploringexpedition. During the years 5 volumes, 1842. 1841, 1840, 1839, 1838, atlas. Page 2: L to R): Page 3 (clockwise, Séguy. A. about 1925]. March. Wright Hildebrandt. über die Entwicklung der Flugmaschine Wright (TheWright von Lilienthal bis Brothers). Page 4: All images DiLoreto. tograph James by from exploring States expedition. DuringUnited 5 1842. 1841, 1840, 1839, the years 1838, atlas. volumes, for Industry. Products Circular Steel Finest 1940s. Ohio: Sandusky, Rothschild. and Pullus.” Adult Stejn. Laysan and the neighbouringLaysan islands with historya complete to possession. Hawaiian Can Efficiency be Measured? 1946. Besancon. Besancon. Wright.” frères Cover:

Smithsonian Institution Libraries Presorted Standard Washington, DC 20013-7012 U.S. Postage PAID Washington, DC Penalty for Private Use $300 Permit No. G94 Rachael Penniman, Penniman, Rachael Dale Miller, Barbara Insidioso Frampton Susan from Hardy Michael Tutt, Gladys Larry MSC Baukin, Schliapin, Nick Services Preservation Office Director’s Moved to AA/PG from Preservation Services Preservation from Services Program to Coordinator, Office Director’s Annex SIL to NMAH Retired Services Preservation Library Cataloging Departed Conrad Ziyad, Cohlman, Jennifer Sosa, Karen Hill, Kathleen Jane Sanchez, Sanchez, Jane Swayne, Joyce Thompson, Keri Der Van Kirsten Watson, Amy Maryann Wilson, Martha Rosen, Martha Rosen, Office Media New Library CHM Services Preservation Administrative Services Joined NMNH Library NMNH LIbrary NMAH Acquisitions Office Systems Dibner Veen, Library Library HMSG LIbrary NMAH y Jody Mussoff, Mussoff, Jody Ronald Lindsey, Lindsey, Ronald Elizabeth Missell, Sharon Layne, Layne, Sharon Michael Hardy, SIL SIL Hardy, Michael Ronald Brashear, Brashear, Ronald Green, Regina Ninete Axelson- Ninete Dick, John Angel Aguirre, Aguirre, Angel Marcia Adams, Adams, Marcia Cataloging NMNH Librar NMNH Office Systems (acting) Preservation Preservation Services Annex Dibner Library Dibner Cataloging Dean, Cataloging Dean, Acquisitions STRI Library STRI Director’s Office Director’s (acting) Promoted Personnel Changes Personnel 2004 annual report

Smithsonian Institution Libraries from the director SI Libraries Board Journeys to STRI In 2004 I celebrated my 20th year with the Smithsonian Institution Libraries, a cause for reflec- tion on the transformation that has taken place in the On February 13-18, the Libraries escorted six members of the way that we do business and serve our multiple con- SIL Board and their spouses to the Smithsonian Tropical Research stituencies. In 1984 we had just begun to implement Institute (STRI) for an overview of the Smithsonian’s tropi- an automated cataloging system; now our records are cal biology research and the support it receives from the STRI on the Internet. Then we served mostly Smithsonian Library. Participants engaged in exciting experiences, including staff; now we reach millions of others with a diverse visits with STRI scientists in the Gamboa, Barro Colorado Island, Panama City and Bocas del Toro research stations. The oppor- selection of digital books and collections, online exhi- tunity to ascend to the top of the forest canopy in Panama City’s bitions, webcasts of lectures, and other offerings. In a Parque Metropolitano in STRI’s research-oriented construction spring survey to determine if SIL was meeting its users’ crane was a special treat. Board members were impressed with expectations, Smithsonian staff gave the Libraries high STRI and pledged addi- marks for service. We must be doing something right. tional support to the Streamlining was also a cornerstone of 2004. SIL STRI Library as a result completed the two-year study of work efficiency in of the trip. acquisitions, cataloging, preservation, and interlibrary loan and began actions that promise to move library materials to the shelves more quickly. The “checking- in” of journal issues for over 3,000 current subscrip- tions is now completely automated, so that any user can see whether a specific issue has been received. This is a great achievement and time-saver. Educational programming expanded greatly with the help of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which funded six lectures to accom- pany SIL’s exhibition about the transits of Venus. SIL also hosted/gave another twelve lectures, produced a teacher’s guide on the transits of Venus, led 117 tours, and hosted a School Librarians and Media Specialists Night. From top: The generosity of donor/collectors is crucial to our Hope Furth, Rosemary ability to provide Smithsonian scientists and curators Ripley & Baxter with necessary items. One of these is Dr. Frederick M. Ripley enjoy Bayer, a zoologist emeritus with the National Museum the view; of Natural History and a shy bibliophile (see page 7.) Diane Oksanen- Dr. Bayer’s donation of more than 100 rare natural Gooden & history volumes ensures that these beautifully illus- C. Michael trated folios and vital scientific works will be used Gooden for generations. Printed works on paper and digital offerings now co-exist side-by-side: one offers global access, the other assures endurance, and both feed our hearts and intellects. Our family of donors and supporters enlarges year- by-year, for which we remain truly grateful. Your con- fidence in our programs and activities-and our staff- inspire us to persevere to provide trustworthy, credible SI Libraries Board information and resources to our many users. We thank you. Rosemary L. Ripley, Chair Frank J. Quirk, Vice-Chair

Julianne K. Bailey George G. Hill Mary C. Falvey Margery F. Masinter Nancy E. Gwinn Jay W. Freedman Judith M. Moore Hope L. Furth Emmett E. (Jay) Stobbs C. Michael Gooden Beatrice E. Taylor Brian J. Heidtke Anton R. Valukas

2 expand information delivery

The Libraries in 2004 20 ...... Branch Libraries 111 ...... Number of staff 19,824 ...... Volumes added to collection 1,530,810 . . . . Total volumes held 190,214 . . . . . Microfilm & -fiche items 6,692 ...... Journal subscriptions (3,438 gifts) 1,510 ...... E (electronic) Titles 4,482 ...... Monograph orders prepared 12,908 ...... Gift volumes selected for collection Largest Digital Edition Produced: 1,254 ...... Volumes bound or boxed Electronic Biologia Centrali-Americana 707,052 . . . . . Catalog records in SIRIS

On June 7, SIL launched its largest digital edition, the Galaxy of Knowledge Electronic Biologia Centrali-Americana (EBCA), the first step in a major collaborative project with the National 42,366 ...... Images of collections added to website Museum of Natural History (NMNH) and the Natural 72,525 ...... Total collection images History Museum, (London). Biologia Centrali-Americana, issued between 1879 and Information Service 1915, is a fundamental work for the study of neotropical 73,214 ...... Reference questions answered (up 62%) flora and fauna and includes nearly everything known about 31,616 ...... Library materials consulted on-site the biological diversity of Mexico and Central America at the 261,255 . . . . . Circulation transactions (items checked time of publication. Funding for the project, which involved in or out or renewed) scanning, designing, and mounting 58 volumes, came from 35,511 ...... First-time borrows of items the Smithsonian’s Atherton Seidell Endowment in 2002. The 7,124 ...... Non-Smithsonian Library researchers text was rekeyed into a newly developed record format so 8,621 ...... Interlibrary loans of books and articles that its important contents could be linked to major bioin- 3,646 ...... Books and articles borrowed for SI formatics databases in use by biologists and conservationists throughout the world. The Electronic Biologia Centrali-Americana may be viewed at: http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/bca/

Notable Acquisitions

Retired Natural History Museum zoologist Dr. Frederick M. Bayer donated to the Smithsonian Libraries an extraordi- nary collection of rare natural history books dating from the 1500s. The collection is housed in the Joseph F. Cullman 3rd Library of Natural History. Volumes include James D. Dana’s Zoophytes (Philadelphia, 1846-1849), one of the scientific reports of the U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842, led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes. Wilkes’ personal copy was pur- Serial Check-in Project chased by Dr. Bayer from Wilkes’ descen- In 2004 the Libraries replaced its manual dants. Other titles check-in procedures for journals with an of note include: the automated system. Now, library staff can magnificent natu- ral-history atlases show directly in the Libraries online cata- of Napoleon’s expe- log that a journal issue has arrived, so any dition into Egypt; user, no matter where located, can see and the Natural Historie of C. Plinius it immediately. Before this, every branch Secundus, trans- library kept a written record locally. By lated into English by the end of the year the Libraries had cre- Dr. Frederick M. Bayer Philemon Holland. ated over 4,000 automated serial check-in & Leslie Overstreet London (1634-1635.) records in SIRIS.

7 Research U.S. Exploring Expedition Featured SIL’s Resident Scholar Program gives new and estab- With approximately 300 people in atten- lished scholars the opportunity to use the Libraries’ dance on January 21, SIL celebrated the unique rare and special collections to further their launch of a website featuring digital versions research. This year’s scholars pursued a variety of of all 32 volumes resulting from the U.S. interests. Exploring Expedition. The U.S.ExEx, as it is popularly known, sailed from 1838 to 1842 Dibner Library Resident Scholars 2004 under the command of Lt. Charles Wilkes. The expedition ships carried back more Daniele Cozzoli, Ph.D. candidate, Department of than 4,000 zoological specimens, thousands Nathaniel Philbrick Philosophical and Epistemological Studies of the of ethnographical artifacts, and quanti- University of Rome “La Sapienza” - “Optics and ties of gems, fossils, corals, and botanical Scientific Method in Britain from Hobbes to specimens, most of which were transferred to the new Smithsonian Newton.” Institution in the 1850s and form the core of the Institution’s natural history collections. Dr. Cibelle Celestino Silva, postdoctoral fellow, Group The main event of the evening, which was of History and Theory of Science of the Gleb Wataghin co-sponsored by the National Museum of Physics Institute of the State University of Campinas, Natural History, was an illustrated lecture Brazil - “Unraveling the Hidden Electrical Fluids: The by Nathaniel Philbrick, author of Sea of Debate Between Nollet, Dutour, and Franklin.” Glory: America’s Voyage of Discovery; the United States Exploring Expedition 1838- Michael E. Chauvin, director of the Hawaiian Skies 1842 (Viking, 2003.) Philbrick captured the program “Before Mauna Kea: Astronomy in Hawaii essence of the voyage and personality of in the 19th-century.” He received an M.Phil. from the its mercurial leader and argued that the Department of the History and Philosophy of Science expedition had more impact on the shaping at Cambridge University in 1988. of American science than the more celebrated Lewis and Clark Expedition. http://www.sil.si.edu/Libraries/Dibner/ The U.S.ExEx website contains nearly 15,000 page dibnerscholars.htm and plate images, which required over 32,000 image files and 14.7 gigabytes of storage. It is possible to start with the title page and Baird Society Resident Scholars 2004 read all the way to the end. SIL has also created several searchable databases from the text that include databases of the plates and other Matthew T. Sneddon, Ph.D. candidate in the illustrations, a database of all the officers and men who served on the Department of History at the University of Washington expedition, and a database of over 2100 cultural artifacts collected - “Exhibiting Real America: History and Heritage in during the Expedition. Museums of Science, Technology, and Industry.” Libraries Introduces Shirley Teresa Wajda, Assistant Professor of History Program Webcast and American Studies at Kent State University - “The Fennells Build Their Dream House: Furnishing Family Nathaniel Philbrick’s 2004 lecture was the Libraries’ in 1930s America.” first live webcast. Now there are many more inter- esting and informative lectures to enjoy from our http://www.sil.si.edu/ResearchIntern/ growing archive of streaming videos: BairdScholars.htm Nathaniel Philbrick. Sea of Glory: America’s Voyage of Discovery. The U. S. Exploring Charles Wilkes Expedition 1838-1842. Wilbur Applebaum. The First Observation of a Transit of Venus. Richard Fisher. Endeavour’s Wake: Captain Cook and the Transit of Venus. Steven J. Dick. The American Expeditions of 1874 and 1882. Jay M. Pasachoff. Solution of the Black-drop Mystery. David DeVorkin. Public Reaction to the Transit of Venus, 1882. Michael Chauvin. Between Captain Cook and Mauna Kea: The 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii.

These lectures can be found at the following internet address: http://smithsonian.tv/programs/sil/ 4 outreach Public Programs Reach Diverse 2004 Exhibitions Focus on Science and Technology Audiences October 3, 2003 Chasing Venus: Observing the Transits of Venus SI Teacher’s Night 1631 - 2004 October 4, 2003 National Book Festival booth On March 23, 2004, SIL opened an exhibition celebrating the history of scientific interest in observing the transit of Venus. World-wide interest November 5, 2003 focused on June 8, 2004, when a transit of Venus was to occur, the first Ken Alder, The Measure of the World, Dibner since 1882. Measuring the transits of Venus from different observation Library Lecture points was initially important to help astronomers measure the distance November 6, 2003 from the earth to the sun. School Librarians & Media Specialists Night At 6:00 a.m. on June 8, 2004, SIL hosted a small group of 35 people in conjunction with Odyssey in Print on the roof of the National Museum of American History (NMAH) to exhibition view the phenomenon. The company included Smithsonian Institution Undersecretary for Science David Evans, Libraries Board members, NMAH December 3, 2003 staff and guests. Staff of the National Air & Space Museum brought tele- Henry Petroski lecture, Perfect Posture for scopes for the viewing, which received excellent press coverage, with sto- Your Books ries in the Washington Post and New York Times and a broadcast on CNN. January 21, 2004 Gala reception to launch U.S. Exploring Expedition website, with Nathaniel Philbrick, author of In the Heart of the Sea, Sea of Glory

March 23, 2004 Chasing Venus exhibition opens

April 8, 2004 Wilbur Applebaum lecture, The First Observation of a Transit of Venus

April 22, 2004 Richard Fisher lecture, Endeavour’s Wake: Captain Cook and the Transit of Venus

April 28, 2004 Fifth Annual Spencer Baird Society Viewing the transit of Venus on the roof of the National Museum of American History Benefactors Dinner featuring Dava Sobel, author of Galileo’s Daughter, Longitude

May 6, 2004 Doodles, Drafts & Designs: Industrial Drawings from Steven J. Dick lecture, The American Expeditions of 1874 and 1882 the Smithsonian May 20, 2004 The Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service organized a Jay M. Pasachoff lecture, Solution of the traveling exhibition developed by the Smithsonian’s National Museum Black-drop Mystery of American History, Behring Center, from the collections of June 3, 2004 David DeVorkin lecture, Public the National Museum of Reaction to the Transit of Venus, American History and the 1882 Smithsonian Institution Libraries. It appeared in June 20, 2004 two venues in 2004 and Michael Chauvin lecture, was at The Octagon, Between Captain Cook and Washington, D.C., from Mauna Kea: The 1874 Transit of December 2004 through Venus Expedition to Hawaii May 2005.

5 collections Endowments Donors (October 1, 2003 - September 30, 2004)

Jean Axelrod Endowment (acquisitions)** $50,000 or more Emmett E. Stobbs $100 - $499 Bailey Family Endowment (unrestricted)** Brian J. & Darlene & M.J. Hall D. Albrecht Frederick M. Bayer Endowment for Natural Heidtke J. and C. Berghoffen History Acquisitions* $1,000 - $2,499 Brenda Carlile Bruce Collette Fishes Acquisitions Fund* $25,000 - $49,999 Porter G. Dawson Jeannine S. Clark Cooper Hewitt, National Design Museum Frederick M. Bayer E. DeRosa C. Cortegiano Acquisitions Fund (Margery & Edgar Masinter) The Dibner Fund David & Frances Mary Lou Cowden Joseph F. Cullman 3rd Endowment for the Peter Gruber Dibner H. Rebecca Cutting Natural History Rare Book Library Foundation Eric & Harriet Scott Defrin Joseph F. Cullman 3rd Endowment for the Margery & Edgar M. Fraunfelter Florence Duhl Preservation of Natural History Rare Books Masinter Elizabeth W. Gwinn Cary J. Frieze C. Michael Gooden & Diane Oksanen Gooden National Aeronautics John F. Jameson Vicki A. Funk Endowment (unrestricted)** & Space Alan R. Kabat Heather H. Georges Nancy E. Gwinn & John Y. Cole Endowment Administration William K. & Alice Susan Hermanos (intern program)** Konze M. A. Hunting Brian J. and Darlene Heidtke Preservation $10,000 - $24,999 Abraham Krasnoff R. Hyman Endowment** Jay W. & Linda Richard Levy & Barbara Laux Alice Kennington Rare Book Fund Freedman Lorraine Gallard Margaret B. LeFever The Margery and Edgar Masinter Fund for Hope L. & John L. James F. Mrazek Edith MacGuire the Acquisition and Preservation of Illustrated Furth Howard Phipps, Jr. Betty Jane Miller Books** Frank J. & Betty James E. & Faye James A. Painter Quirk Preston Elizabeth Pitts Patrick M. Raher M. Piznar $5,000 - $9,999 Joseph R. Salcetti D. Powell Ruth O. Selig Erle J.Rappaport Apex CoVantage Albert H. Small Benjamin T. Richards Cambridge Allan J. & Kim Russell Shank Information Group Stypeck Stanwyn G. Shetler C. Michael Gooden Harold G. Walsh Barbara J. Smith & Diane Oksanen- Frances Smyth Gooden Leslie O. Sykes Nancy E. Gwinn & $500 - $999 J. G. Taylor John Y. Cole Elizabeth Carlson George Gwynn & Dahlin Christine Cox Hill Richard M. & Peggy Innodata-Isogen Inc Danziger James M. Kemper, Jr. Marilyn Friedman Harold F. Lenfest Michelle Kahn MCG Capital Shana Kaplan Frank J. and Betty M. Quirk Libraries ProQuest Information Marian S. MacIntyre Endowment (technology)** Brian H. Mason S. Dillon Ripley LibraryEndowment & Learning William A. Oliver (acquisitions)** Shelby Shapiro Cynthia Van Allen Smithsonian Institution Libraries Endowment F. Christian & Betty Thompson Schaffner Fund for Serials Acquisition and Preservation** Frederick M. V. R. Thiessen Smithsonian Institution Libraries General Young, Jr. Mary Augusta Support Endowment & George D. Smithsonian Institution Libraries Special Thomas Collections Endowment $2,500 - $4,999 Richard & Lloyd and Charlotte Wineland Library Juliane K. & Suzanne Endowment for Native American and Western Robert D. Bailey Willett Exploration Literature Jere & Bonnie Broh-Kahn *New endowments for 2004 Rosemary **Additions made in 2004 Livingston Ripley Janet L. Stanley

6 provide digital knowledge

New Content Appears on Galaxy Website in 2004

SIL’s public website, Galaxy of Knowledge, added rare books, exhibitions, and many images from its collections during 2004. Chief among them were 58 volumes of the Biologia Centrali Americana, which is already helping biologists in Central America and elsewhere.

Digital Collections Incunabula in the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/incunabula United States Exploring Expedition http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex Digital Editions Walter Rothschild. Avifauna of Laysan and the neighbouring islands with a complete history to date of the birds of the Hawaiian possession. http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/nhrarebooks/rothschild Frederick D. Godman and Osbert Salvin (eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/bca Grace Rogers Cooper. Sewing Machine: Its Invention and Development. http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/hst/cooper Digital Publication Paul K. McCutcheon and Herbert A. Trenchard. Grinnell Hawaiian Missionary Stamps. http://www.sil.si.edu/silpublications/grinnell Online Exhibitions Chasing Venus: Observing the Transits of Venus 1631-2004. Galaxy of Knowledge http://www.sil.si.edu/exhibitions/chasing-venus Scores Record Numbers Doodles, Drafts & Designs: Industrial Drawings from the Smithsonian. http://www.sil.si.edu/exhibitions/doodles The Libraries website had record SIL On Display numbers of hits and visitors in 2004. Stephen H. Van Dyk. Czech Book Covers of the 1920’s and 1930’s in the Cooper-Hewitt In January 2004, Galaxy recorded National Design Museum Library. 4,871,005 hits and in April 2004, the http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/czechbooks website made another record with Vibrant Visions: Pochoir Prints in the Cooper-Hewitt, 176, 251 individual users. National Design Museum Library. http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/pochoir The total hits for fiscal year 2004 Joy Kiser. was 43,516,370, with individual users Illustrations of the Nests and Eggs of Birds of Ohio. totalling 1,814,059. http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/nestsandeggs The average hits for fiscal year 2004 Martin R. Kalfatovic. was 3,626,364 per month, with indi- Nile Notes of a Howadji: American Travelers in Egypt, 1837-1903. vidual users averaging 151,172 per http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/nile-notes month. Ronald Brashear. SIL added 42,366 images to the Ramelli's Machines: Original drawings of 16th century machines. website. http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/ramelli Paul K. McCutcheon. Parcel Post: Delivery of Dreams. http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/parcelpost Paul K. McCutcheon and William E. Baxter. Taking to the Skies: The Wright Brothers & the Birth of Aviation. http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/flight

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