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AUTHOR Lamolinara, Guy, Ed. TITLE The of Congress Information Bulletin, 2001. INSTITUTION , , DC. ISSN ISSN-0041-7904 PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 423p. AVAILABLE FROM For full text: http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/. r)Tro w^-k. JOURNAL CIT Library of Congress Information Bulletin; v60 n1-12 2001 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC17 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Electronic ; *Exhibits; *Library Collections; *Library Services; *National Libraries; World Wide Web IDENTIFIERS *Library of Congress

ABSTRACT These 12 issues, representing one calendar year (2001) of "The Library of Congress Information Bulletin," contain information on Library of Congress new collections and program developments, lectures and , financial support and materials donations, budget, honors and awards, World Wide Web sites and digital collections, new publications, exhibits, and preservation. Cover stories include:(1) "5 Million Items Online: National Digital Library Program Reaches Goal";(2) "Celebration and Growth: The Year in Review"; (3) "The World of : Selection of Papers of Political Philosopher Now Online"; (4) "'Born in ': An Introduction to the WPA Slave Narratives"; (5) "Photographer to the Czar: The Startling Work of Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii"; (6) "World Treasures: Library Opens New Gallery of Global Collections"; (7) "National Festival: First Lady, Library To Host First-Ever Event"; (8) "Shadows, Dreams, Substance: 'The Floating World of Ukiyo-e' Exhibition Opens"; (9) "'The Joy of the Written Work': Library and First Lady Host First National Book Festival"; (10) "'Human Nature and the Power of Culture': Exhibition Opens"; and (11)"Photos from the Clarence H. White School: Library Acquires Warren and Margot Coville ." (Contains 91 references.)(MES)

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. The Library of Congress Information Bulletin, 2001

GIN LAMOLINARA, Editor JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research end Improvement FUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality.

Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.

BE'STCOPVAI/AiLAPI 2 LC Information Bulletin - January 2001

lheInformationLIBRARY CONG RES Bulletin

January 2001 Vol. 60, No. 1

kotanf...6,_ 5 Million Items Online

INDEX PAGE ON THE COVER

PREVIOUS NEXT A representative sample of the millions ISSUE ISSUE of items now available to the public on the Library's award-winning Web site. r11..1.44 NO11 11,1,4 CPt.II ti 111.11.Col.Mir r*L001,i.iwt

Th.eLibraryJ Congress WEB SITE Cover Story The Library The Library's American Memory project has reached an important milestone: 5 Today million items online. America's Library Significant Cinema American Twenty-five have been added to the National Registry. Memory Exhibitions Poetry Prize THOMAS David Ferry has won the 2000 Rebekah Johnson Bobbit National Prize for Poetry. Copyright Office Collections & "E-Journals" Services The Library has acquired its first complete set of an electronic journal archives. Home Horblit History The Science, Technology and Business Division has collected nearly the entire run GethrgAround of an important scientific .

Help & FAQs Eminent Emeritus Search the Site Former Librarian of Congress Daniel Boorstin was honored at a recent " & Site MaP Beyond" program. Search the Catalog Bicentennial Wrap-Up http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/index.html (1 of 3) [3/15/02 1:49:39 PM]' 3 LC Information Bulletin - January 2001

In the last installment of our "Bicentennial Background" series, we review how the Library of Congress celebrated its 200th birthday.

A Poem of Praise In 1922, Amy Lowell wrote a poem celebrating the Library of Congress.

Pacific Punditry Tadashi Yamamoto discussed the need for government reform in Japan in the annual Mansfield Lecture.

Cola Commercials Coca-Cola has donated some 20,000 television commercials to the Library for its archives, and a curator reviews the history of television advertising.

Television Advertising A Brief History

Cataloging Confab Leaders in cataloging and library systems assembled at the Library in November.

Call for Fellows Applications are now available for the 2001 American Memory Fellows Program.

Audio Archives The Library will lead an audio preservation initiative. 18 Globalization Conference: The Library hosted a conference on law in Muslim societies.

Classification Schedules ihrpry -rp.Qtc rAnccifirs.tion Qchdu!cs Onne

Globalization and Sponsors Event on Role in Muslim Societies

Polk County An unpublished play by was read in the Coolidge Auditorium.

Copyright Symposium Library Hosts Copyright Symposium

News from the

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/index.html (3 of 3) [3/15/02 1:49:39 PM] 5 5 Million Items Online

*p The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin January 2001 5 Million Items Online

lInfla.r1r totil R;o1111-t int National Digital Library Program Reaches Goal

As its concluding event during its Bicentennial year, the Library of Congress has announced a gift to the nation of 5 million American

CURRENT ISSUE historical items on its Web site. The National Digital Library Program's award-winning project, American Memory (www.loc.gov), has reached PREVIOUS NEXT ARTICLE ARTICLE its goal of making these materials from the collections of the Library and other institutions freely available. American Memory is one of the

The Library gr Congress leading providers of high-quality, noncommercial content on the WEB SITE Internet. The site now receives more than 18 million "hits" per month and is one of the federal government's most popular Web sites. Since The Library its inception in October 1994, it has received more than 700 million Today hits. America's Library The more than 90 American Memory collections offered cover the American breadth of U.S. history, from the nation's founding, the wars it has Memory fought, the and the great inventors to baseball, the Exhibitions civil rights movement, modern music and theater, the conservation THOMAS rn^vcArnent and photography. The papers of Presidents Washington, Copyright Office Jefferson and Lincoln bring to life these men and their times. A Collections & century later, film brought a new dimension to the public's perception Services of the careers of presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt, the first U.S. Home president to have his life chronicled on a large scale by film (even though his predecessors Grover and William McKinley were the first to be filmed). Ceding Arourtd

Help & FAQs American Memory represents one of the major goals and Search the Site achievements of the Librarian of Congress, James H. Billington, who Site Map came to the Library in 1987 with the idea of sharing as widely as Search the possible the incomparable resources of the institution. Catalog "The U.S. Congress and the American people are the greatest

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/5million.html (1 of 3) [3/15/02 1:49:44 PM] 6 5 Million Items Online supporters of libraries in history," said Dr. Billington. "Our American Memory project enables us to share with all Americans the riches of their nation's library, the largest repository of knowledge in the world."

The Librarian also acknowledged the significant contributions to American Memory of more than 30 institutions nationwide, whose collections are also available on the site. The digitization and inclusion of these materials were made possible by a $2 million gift to the Library from Ameritech.

The National Digital Library Program of the Library of Congress began in 1994 with major contributions from Metromedia President John W. Kluge and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation ($5 million each) and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation ($3 million). This public-private partnership effort has received $15 million in appropriations from the U.S. Congress and more than $45 million in donations from the private sector.

The Council, a private sector advisory group to the Library, has been the program's chief source of support. The council is chaired by Mr. Kluge, who has recently donated $60 million to establish the John W. Kluge Center in the Library of Congress and the John W. Kluge Prize in the Human Sciences. The gift is the largest private monetary donation ever given to the Library.

Among the honors American Memory has received are the prestigious Government Information Infrastructure award for the Best Site in Education; a Five-Star Site award from Surfing the Net with Kids; a Pick of the Ages citation from Yahooi; Time magazine's Best Web Sites for 1996; PC Magazine's Top 100 Sites every year since 1996; Top 5% of the Internet Award; CNN and PC Magazine's "Best 100" award; Best of the Web by eBlast, Encyclopaedia Britannica's internet guide; History Channel Hot list; and Best of the Web by the Net Guide.

Congress OKs Library Budget

The Library's final fiscal year 2001 budget, approved by Congress on Dec. 15 and signed into law by President Clinton' on Dec. 21, totals $547.2 million, including a special appropriation of $99.8 million to begin a major undertaking to develop standards and a nationwide collecting strategy to build a national repository of digital materials. http://www.loc.gov/loclIcib/0101/5million.html (2 of 3) [3/15/02 1:49:44 PM] 7 5 Million Items Online

The Library's basic budget for 2001 remained largely unchanged from the version that emerged from a congressional conference committee on July 27, when $448.5 million was authorized for salaries, expenses, furniture and furnishings, representing a $21 million increase (4.9 percent) from the fiscal 2000 budget.

Before approving the final budget in December, Congress gave the Library an extra $100 million for national digital collection and preservation, but then cut the Library's and other agencies' budgets across the board by .22 percent to reduce overall spending. The effect of the rescission was to eliminate $1.2 million from the Library's 2001 budget and reduce the special appropriation to $99.8 million.

Until the Library's final budget was signed into law as part of the Legislative Branch Act of 2001 (P.L. 106-554), the Library operated at last year's spending level under 21 continuing resolutions passed by Congress between Sept. 30, the end of the last fiscal year, and Dec. 21, when the new spending authorization took effect.

Complete details of the Library's fiscal 2001 budget will be published in the February issue.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/5million.html (3 of 3) [3/15/02 1:49:44 PM] Library of Congress Adds 25 More Films to the National Film Registry

p. The LIBRARY qf CONGRESS , Information Bulletin January 2001 New on the National Film

,Dnr.,Itntr ECM Rarlichnt Librarian of Congress Adds 25 More Films

CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT ARTTCLE ARTICLE

TheLibrary of Congress WEBSITE

The Library Today America's National Film Registry of the Library of Congress Library American Memory Dr. Billington on Dec. 27 announced his annual selection of 25 motion Exhibitions pictures to be added to the National Film Registry. This group of titles THOMAS brings the total number of films placed on the reaistry to 300. Copyright Office Collections & Under the terms of the National Film Preservation Act, each year the Services Librarian of Congress names 25 "culturally, historically or Home aesthetically" significant motion pictures to the registry. The list is designed to reflect the breadth and diversity of America's film heritage, thus increasing public awareness of the richness of American cinema Ceding'Around and the need for its preservation. Help & FAQs Search the Site This year's selections span the 20th century, from 1901 to 1990, and encompass films ranging from Hollywood classics to lesser-known, Site Map but still vital, works. Among films named this year: "Dracula," one of Search the the all-time horror greats, featuring the unforgettably creepy Catalog performance of Bela Lugosi; "," Godfrey Reggio's

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/significant_cinema.html (1 of 4) [3/15/02 1:49;48 PM] 9 Library of Congress Adds 25 More Films to the National Film Registry mesmerizing collage of American vistas set to Philip Glass music; "Let's All Go to the Lobby," the once-omnipresent intermission trailer seen by millions of Americans; "Little Caesar," showcasing Edward G. Robinson's timeless performance as a small- time hood determined to reach the top; "Love Finds ," perhaps the best entry in the long-running Andy Hardy series of beloved Americana, with a cast including on-the-cusp-of-fame teenagers and ; "Multiple Sidosis," chosen to represent the thousands of films produced by amateur cine clubs throughout the ; the wickedly satirical portrait of television news in "Network"; "Peter Pan," the classic children's tale in its definitive film version; "Porky in Wackyland," master animator 's zany cartoon classic sending Porky Pig on a surreal journey; President McKinley inauguration footage, deftly illustrating that the connection between movies and presidential politics is not a recent phenomenon; "Sherman's March," a hilarious, one-of-a-kind romantic exploration of the South; and the "" seriesfilms produced during World War II to explain to the American soldiers and public the reason for U.S. involvement in the war.

"Taken together, the 300 films in the National Film Registry represent a stunning range of American filmmaking, including Hollywood features, documentaries, avant-garde and amateur productions, films of regional interest, ethnic, animated and subjectsall deserving recognition, preservation and access by future generations. As we enter the next millennium, the registry stands among the finest summations of American cinema's wondrous first century," said Dr. Billington.

The Librarian chose this year's titles after evaluating more than a thousand titles nominated by the public and following intensive discussions, both with the distinguished members and alternates of his advisory body, the National Film Preservation Board, whom the Librarian consults both on Registry film selection and national film preservation policy, and the Library's own Motion Picture Division staff.

Dr. Billington added, "Our film heritage is America's living past. It celebrates the creativity and inventiveness of diverse communities and our nation as a whole. By preserving American films, we safeguard our history and build toward the future.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/significant_cinema.html (2 of 4) [3/15/02 1:49:48 PM] 1 0 Library of Congress Adds 25 More Films to the National Film Registry "Despite the heroic efforts of archives, the motion picture industry and others, America's film heritage, by any measure, is an endangered species. Fifty percent of the films produced before 1950 and at least 90 percent made before 1920 have disappeared forever. Sadly, our enthusiasm for watching films has proved far greater than our commitment to preserving them. And, ominously, more films are lost each yearthrough the ravages of nitrate deterioration, color-fading and the recently discovered 'vinegar syndrome,' which threatens the acetate-based (safety) film stock on which the vast majority of motion pictures, past and present, have been preserved."

For each title named to the registry, the Library of Congress works to ensure that the film is preserved for all time, either through the Library's massive motion picture preservation program at Dayton, , or through collaborative ventures with other archives, motion picture studios and independent filmmakers. The Library of Congress contains the largest collections of film and television in the world, from the earliest surviving copyrighted motion picture to the latest feature releases.

For more information, consult the National Film Preservation Board Web site at www.loc.gov/film.

Films Selected to the National Film Registry Library of Congress-2000

"" (1979) "Dracula" (1931) "The Faii of the House of Usher" (1928) "" (1970) "" (1990) "Koyaanisqatsi" (1983) "The Land Beyond the Sunset" (1912) "Let's All Go to the Lobby" (1957) "" (1937) "Little Caesar" (1930) "" (1953) "Love Finds Andy Hardy" (1938) "Multiple Sidosis" (1970) "Network" (1976) "Peter Pan" (1924) "Porky in Wacky land" (1938) 1 1 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/significant_cinema.html (3 of 4) [3/15/02 1:49:48 PM] Library of Congress Adds 25 More Films to the National Film Registry "President McKinley inauguration footage (1901) "Regeneration" (1915) "Salome" (1922) "Shaft" (1971) "Sherman's March" (1986) "A Star Is Born" (1954) "The Tall T" (1957) "Why We Fight" (series) (1943-45) "Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?" (1957)

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/significant_cinema.html (4 of 4) [3/15/02 1:49:48 PM] 1 2 David Ferry Wins 2000 Bobbitt Prize

0 The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin January 2001 Poet 'Of No Country' David Ferry Wins 2000 Bobbitt Prize

David Ferry, Sophie Chantal Hart Professor Emeritus at Wellesley College, has been awarded the 2000 Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry for his book Of No Country I Know: New and CURRENT ISSUE Selected Poems and Translations (1999, University of Chicago PREVIOUS NEXT ARTICLE ARTICLE Press).

The Library of Congress The $10,000 award was presented on Dec. 18. Mr. Ferry read from WEB SITE his Bobbitt Prize-winning collection that evening at the Library. Joining Mr. Ferry in the program were former Bobbitt Prize winners Frank The Library Bidart and Louise Gluck and 1997-2000 Poet Laureate Consultant in Today Poetry Robert Pinsky. America's Library David Ferry, born in Orange, N.J., attended Amherst College and American , and served as a sergeant in the U.S. Army Air Memory Force from 1943 to 1946. He joined the faculty of Wellesley College in Exhibitions 1952. His other collections of poetry and translation include The THOMAS Ecloaues of Virail (1999), Thp OdpR nf FinrrP: A TrPri-clAtinn (1998), Copyright Office Dwelling Places: Poems and Translations (1993), Gilgamesh: A New Collections & Rendering in English Verse (1992), Strangers: A Book of Poems Services (1983), On the Way to the Island (1960) and The Limits of Mortality: Home An Essay on Wordsworth's Major Poems (1959). His Epistles of Horace: A Translation will be published this year. Of No Country I Know also won the Academy of American Poets' 2000 Lenore eiroing Around Marshall Poetry Prize and the Bingham Poetry Prize from Boston Help & FAQs , and was a finalist for Book Award and Search the Site the L.L. Winship/PEN New England Award. Site Map The biennial Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry, a Search the privately funded poetry prize given on behalf of the nation, recognizes Catalog the most distinguished book of poetry written by an American and

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/poetry_prize.html (1 of 2) [3/15/02 1:49:51 PM] 13 David Ferry Wins 2000 Bobbitt Prize published during the preceding two years. The prize is donated by the family of the late Mrs. Bobbitt of Austin, Texas, in her memory, and established at the Library of Congress. She was President Lyndon B. Johnson's sister. While a graduate student in Washington during the 1930s, Rebekah Johnson met college student 0. P. Bobbitt when they both worked in the cataloging department of the Library of Congress. They married and returned to Texas.

The previous Bobbitt Prize recipients are James Merrill (1990), for The Inner Room; Louise Glück and Mark Strand (1992), for Ararat and The Continuous Life, respectively; A.R. Ammons (1994), for Garbage; Kenneth Koch (1996), for One Train; and Frank Bidart (1998), for Desire.

The winner of the 2000 Bobbitt Prize was chosen by a jury appointed by a selection committee composed of the Librarian of Congress, the Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry, a publisher named by the Academy of American Poets and a literary critic nominated by the Bobbitt family. The original jury for this year's prize was Carol Muske, John Peck and Willard Spiegelman. When Ms. Muske was unable to continue to serve on the jury, literary critic agreed to serve as its third member.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/poetry_prize.html (2 of 2) [3/15/02 1:49:51 PM] 14 APS Electronic The LIBRARY of CONGRESS 4z2e Information Bulletin 4') Ar January 2001 APS Electronic

LA it to Itlabk-t ial Library Acquires First Electronic Journal Archives -661MM-A

Beginning this month, the Library acquired its first complete set of an electronic journal archives.

CURRENT ISSUE The American Physical Society (APS), representing more than 42,000 PREVIOUS EXT ARTtCLE ARTICLE physicists and a leader in the creation of e-journals, will soon begin electronically sending to the Library information from more than a

The LIbraryof Congress century of physics research, including scientific history on the electron. WEB SITE The complete archives of eight of the world's premier physics journals will soon be freely accessible to all Library users. These archives will The Library be continually updated, creating a repository of both historic articles Today and the latest physics research. America's Library Associate Librarian for Library Services Winston Tabb said that American "publishers are attracted by the idea of having secondary sites for Memory protection of their assets. At the same time, of course, libraries are Exhibitions concerned about saving memory as well as about making intellectual THOMAS creation available for snholarq This prnjors.t arkiroccoe hnthicci " Copyright Office Collections & The Library will serve as a permanent repository of the journals. Services Home "Electronic archives are like a living thing," said APS Treasurer Thomas Mcllrath. "Not only is the information from a particular journal literally at your fingertips, but so are links to referenced research both GerYing A ro nd backward and forward in time. Historians, for example, can easily see Help & FAQs the impact of a paper on later scientific thinking." He noted that Search the Site another advantage of e-journals is that they can include moving Site Map images and other media that cannot be reproduced in print. Search the Catalog "This will assure that there will be a copy of our archive available to the world, and preserved for future generations," said APS Editor in

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/e journals.html (1 of 2) [3/15/02 1:49:53 PM] 15 APS Electronic Chief Martin Blume. "Librarians, as archivers of journals in the print world, have been concerned that digital resources might not be similarly preserved. This step with the Library of Congress should reassure them that access to our journals will always be available."

"The best way to make progress in the digital environment is to enter into pilot-like agreements to test the benefits, costs, policies and procedures of various models," Winston Tabb added. "This pioneering agreement with the American Physical Society marks a major step in the right direction for America's national library."

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/ejournals.html (2 of 2) [3/15/02 1:49:53 PM] 16 Horblit History Nears Completion

,JA The LIBRARY of CONGRESS

4r. , a!, Inforfilation Bulletin January 2001 Horblit History Nears

P. Unr,,vrir4.,1.te'l -I iui Completion Library Seeks Remaining Titles in Science Series

BY RONALD S. WILKINSON

CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT ARTECLE ARTICLE The Library's holdings of classic milestones in the history The Library ny' Congress of science are extensive and WED SITE impressive, but there is always room for improvement. The Library Today America's Photo by Jan Stephan van Library Calcar American Memory The title page of De humani Exhibitions corporis fabrica by Andreas THOMAS Vesalius (Basel; 1543), Copyright Office depicts Vesaliuspioneer Collections & anatomist and professor of Services medicine at the University of Home Paduaconducting a dissection.

GerthrgAround

Help & FAQs Some years ago, what is now the Science, Technology and Business Search the Site Division initiated the Horblit Project, with the aid of a that is Site Map one of the most authoritative guides to its subject, Harrison D. Horblit's Search the One Hundred Books Famous in Science (, 1964). Catalog Despite its title, the Horblit book (based on a 1958 exhibit at the http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/horblit_history.html (1 of 4) [3/15/02 1:49:57 PM] 17 Horbli,t History Nears Completion Grolier Club in ) describes 129 items. The Library's aim has been to procure originals or facsimiles of all of these items for scholarly research. When that has not been possible, early editions have been considered acceptable, so long as they were printed in the same language as the originals.

Of course, many of the Horblit items are of great rarity. That rarity, their importance and the fact that they are listed by Horblit, ensure their high prices in the antiquarian book market. No library is known to have every one of the Horblit originals; after all, the book was based on an exhibit of materials borrowed from many libraries. In the future, the Library hopes to acquire more of the originals, when opportunities occur and funds are available.

When the project began, the Library had originals of more than 70 of the exact editions listed by Horblit. The first was acquired when Congress purchased 's library in 1815; it is Jefferson's copy of a work that laid the foundation for much of modern chemistry, Antoine L. Lavoisier's Traité élémentaire de chimie (, 1789). Over the years, the Library obtained numerous others, including what historians of science consider the three most influential scientific titles: Nicolaus Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (Nuremberg, 1543), his explanation of the heliocentric nature of the solar system, as opposed to the previous assumption that the sun and planets revolved around Earth; Isaac Newton's Philosophice naturalis principia mathematica (London, 1687), which mathematically presented the principle of universal gravitation; and Charles R. Darwin's On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Sa !action (London, 1859), ounning ihe way in which favorabie variations lead to survival and the formation of new species, thus continuing the process of evolution.

Acquisition of Horblit editions proceeded apace through fiscal year 2000, when the Library was able to purchase Claude Bernard's Nouvelle fonction du foie (Paris, 1853), on the glycogenic function of the liver, and Nicolaus Steno's De solido intra solidum (Florence, 1669), one of the foundation works of geology, concerning the origin of sedimentary rocks and the effects of faulting and erosion.

The first of Rudolph J. Camerarius' De sexu plantarum epistola (Tubingen, 1694), which demonstrated the sexual characteristics of plants and the role of pollen in fertilization, is an extremely rare http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/horblit_history.html (2 of 4) [3/15/02 1:49:57 PM] 18 HorblitsHistory Nears Completion imprint; only about six copies are known to exist, and these do not appear on the market. However, Camerarius' letter was reprinted in Michael B. Valentini's Polychresta exotica (Frankfurt am Main, 1701), and the Library obtained a copy of that edition in 2000.

As the Horblit project nears completion of its goal, the acquisition of all of Horblit's titles in their original editions, facsimiles of the originals or early editions, several problems are yet to be overcome. Two Horblit items, papers on relativity published by Albert Einstein in Anna len der Physik ("Zur Electrodynamik bewegter Körper," 1905, and "Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie," 1916), are not in the Library's collections. The same is true with Nicolai I. Lobachevskii's publication (in Russian) On the Elements (Principles) of Geometry (Kazan, 1829-30). John Napier's Mirifici logarithmorum canonis constructio (Edinburgh, 1619), the inventor of logarithms' explanation of the construction of logarithmic tables, exists at the Library only in a 19th century English translation, considered unsuitable for this purpose. The Library is now seeking copies of these Horblit items and would be grateful for information about available copies.

Several of the Library's multi-volume sets of Horblit titles lack particular volumes. Examples are Karl Ernst von Baer, Ober Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere (Kanigsberg, 1828-88), which lacks volumes 2 (1837) and 3 (1888); Otto Brunfels, Herbarum vivae eicones (Strassburg, 1530-36), needing volume 3 (1536); and John Harris, Lexicon technicum (London, 1704-10), lacking volume 2 (1710).

The Ubrary is attempting to remedy this situation by obtaining originai volumes or photocopies. Most of the Library's original Horblit items are in the Rare Book and Special Collections Division, but many are still in the general collections. Volumes in the latter category will be transferred to the rare book collections.

The end of the project is in sight.

Mr. Wilkinson is in the Science, Technology and Business Division.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/horblit_history.html (3 of 4) [3/15/02 1:49:57 PM] 19 Horblit History Nears Completion

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2 0 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/horblit_history.html (4 of 4) [3/15/02 1:49:57 PM] Fornwr Librarian of Congress Honored

P 3- At The LIBRARY of CONGRESS T' P w' 0 Information Bulletin January 2001 Boorstin & Beyond Nrirtraotilln Former Librarian of Congress Honored ailiEn ',;:k.:17C11 ^ BY YVONNE FRENCH

CURRENT ISSUE

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The Library of Congress WEB SITE 4,4 The Library Today America's Library American Photo by Paul Hogroian Memory Exhibitions Twenty-three years after he established the Center for the Book, THOMAS Daniel Boorstin (center) acknowledges the help of his wife, Ruth, Copyright Office and John Cole, the center's founding director. Collections & Services Home Historian and author Daniel J. Boorstin, who served as Librarian of Congress from 1975 to 1987, was honored at a "Books & Beyond" Gelyikr Around program sponsored by the Center for the Book on Dec. 4.

Help & FAQs "Dan's writings lift the reader up to a higher standard and direct us Search the Site outward to look at aspects of life that we may have overlooked Site Map beforeor we may not have seen as part of history, law, language, Search the , advertising....He saw the Library of Congress as a Catalog multimedia encyclopedia," said current Librarian James H. Billington. "He comes as close as anyone living to being its encyclopedist. It is

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/eminent_emeritus.htm (1 of 4) [3/15/02 1:50:00 PM] 21 Formef Librarian of Congress Honored entirely fitting as our Bicentennial year draws to a close that we hail this eloquent contributor to, and statesman of, the world of the book."

Dr. Billington is the 13th Librarian of Congress; Dr. Boorstin was the 12th.

Dr. Boorstin described the satisfaction he gained from writing the works included in the . "For me, the task of the historian is not to chisel a personal or definitive view of the past on granite. Rather, it is to see the iridescence of the past, fully aware that it will have a new and unsuspected iridescence in the future."

The event marked the publication by Greenwood Press of Daniel J. Boorstin: A Comprehensive and Selectively Annotated Bibliography, edited and compiled by Angela Michele Leonard. Ms. Leonard is a historian and librarian who is currently assistant professor of history at Loyola College in .

Ms. Leonard called the book a "bio-bibliography, a biography of an individual's mind." She explained: "My task was outlining the scholar's mind and tracking his intellectual development." She examined all of Dr. Boorstin's areas of thought and located the sources from which he drew. "I joined my intellectual journey to his," she said.

Ruth Boorstin, Dr. Boorstin's wife and editor, said: "Angela has an eagle eye. She misses nothing. She seeks and never gives up." She presented Ms. Leonard with an eagle pin like the one she was wearing herself, saying it was "an eagle for Angela the eagle." Dr. Boorstin caHed Ms. Leonard's work "scrupuious and comprehensive."

The bibliography includes a chronology of Dr. Boorstin's life and work, as well as 1,300 entries describing print and nonprint material by and about him from 1930 to 1999. Dr. Boorstin is 86. The bibliography covers his "monographs; book reviews; newspaper, magazine and scholarly articles; chapters or sections of books; manuscripts and archival material; theses; audio books; videocassettes; sound recordings; microforms; CD ROMs; and Web sites," according to the introduction. Dr. Boorstin's work has been translated into 22 languages.

Five typewritten manuscripts of his 1998 book, The Seekers: The Story of Man's Continuing Quest to Understand His World, were on http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/eminent_emeritus.htm (2 of 4) [3/15/02 1:50:00 PM] 22 Formv Librarian of Congress Honored display at the ceremony. Each manuscript, some showing the caring notations of Mrs. Boorstin, showed the book at a different stage of development. The typewritten manuscripts for The Seekers are being added to the Boorstin Papers in the Manuscript Division.

Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole recognized in the audience Alan Fern, former Prints and Photographs Division Chief, now director of the National Portrait Gallery, his wife, Lois, and their guest Herman Liebers, who is honorary president of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. He also read several letters from people who could not attend.

Alberto Vitale, former head of Random House, Dr. Boorstin's longtime publisher, expressed his "admiration for [Dr. Boorstin] as a writer, historian, librarian emeritus and as a man of letters, who has contributed enormously to our culture and to the heritage of the United States."

Bob Loomis, Dr. Boorstin's editor at Random House, wrote, "His energy, his special ability to instill his enthusiasm for whatever he was writing about was unique in my experience....He believed that history should tell us what life was really like at a certain time, not what the generals did, not what the politicians thought, but how people really lived and what they experienced and believed."

Lee Annenberg wrote: Dr. Boorstin "has made millions of his fellow citizens aware of how much books contribute to our lives as individuals and as participants in a shared civic life." Mrs. Annenberg and her husband, Waiter, in 1994 gavein honor ofDr. Boorstin a major endowment to support the Center for the Book, which relies on private funding for all of its programs.

Dr. Boorstin established the Center for the Book in1977and immediately named Mr. Cole as its first director. "It was a lucky break for me because the job combined my professional, scholarly and personal interests," said Mr. Cole, who in1989edited the Library of Congress book The Republic of Letters: Librarian of Congress Daniel J. Boorstin on Books, and Libraries,1975-1987.

The Center for the Book stimulates public interest in books, reading and libraries. For information about its activities and those of its affiliated centers in 41states and the District of Columbia, visit its Web http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/eminent_emeritus.htm (3 of 4) [3/15/02 1:50:00 PM] 23 Foray. Librarian of Congress Honored site at www.loc.gov/cfbook.

Ms. French is a writer-editor in the Librarian's Office.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/eminent_emeritus.htm (4 of 4) [3/15/02 1:50:00 PM] 24 Bicentennial Background The LIBRARY of C ONGRE S Informationulletin January 2001 Bicentennial Background Ut,f'n;.iLk 1-1-0Dh-tico How the Library Celebrated in 2000 esrm BY JOHN Y. COLE

This concludes a series of monthly articles about the Bicentennial that began in June 1999 with "Looking Back to Look Ahead: How the CURRENT ISSUE Library Celebrated Its Sesquicentennial in 1950." PREVIOUS NEXT ARTCCLE ARTICLE OF CQ "This Bicentennial occasion is not to be a self-congratulatory institutional The Library of Congress one," stated Librarian of Congress WEB SITE James H. Billington during a news conference on Oct. 6, 1997, when The Library he announced the Library's Today - Bicentennial plans. Instead, he America's noted, the Library was working with Library its major users to develop a American celebration that would focus on Memory "leaving a legacy for the future." Exhibitions Nil ALV6° THOMAS This iegacy consists of important Copyright Office projects, events, gifts, publications, relations efforts and products that Collections & have strengthened and will continue to strengthen the Library's ties Services with its patronsCongress in particular, libraries, the scholarly and Home educational communities and the general public. Furthermore, the Bicentennial has brought the Library more national publicity than it has Getting Around ever received in its history, and thus more Americans are taking advantage of its services, especially those offered online at Help & FAQs www.loc.gov. Search the Site Site Map Looking more to the institution's future than to its past was only one Search the way in which the Library's Bicentennial celebration was unusual. It Catalog was staff-driven and staff-directed, both in planning and execution. Thanks to the early involvement of the James Madison Council (the http://www.Ioc.gov/Ioc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.htnhl(1 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 25 Bicentgnnial Background Library's private sector advisory group) and subsequent help from other generous donors, it was supported mostly by private funds. It enjoyed the enthusiastic support of Dr. Billington and hundreds of staff members, who along with the Librarian recognized the unique opportunity the Bicentennial presented to the Library, its collections and its programs.

Photos by Ethel Kessler and Michael Freeman, N. Alicia Byers, Fred Viebahn, James Baker Hall, and Matthew Carlos Schwartz,

The Library's Bicentennial commemorative stamp and coins featured images of the Jefferson Building; poetry events were enlivened by (clockwise from top left) poet laureate Robert Pinsky and special consultants Rita Dove, Louise Gluck and W.S. Merwin.

And, in the view of this writer, who first discussed the Bicentennial in a planning meeting with Dr. Billington in December 1989, the timing could not have been more foriukoub. By accident of history, the Library of Congress was created at the beginning of a century, bringing to the celebration many convenient zeros, as in "200 years old in the year 2000." The Library did not have to search for a "millennium project:" it had one in its Bicentennial celebration and was able to focus resources and goals on a project that would have a lasting effect on the institution.

Moreover, the reopening of the Jefferson Building in 1997 (the building's centennial year) after a 13-year restoration gave the forthcoming Bicentennial commemoration a significant boost through publicity for the Library and, in the Jefferson Building itself, an unparalleled setting for key Bicentennial events. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.html (2 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 26 Bicentennial Background Highlights of the Library's Bicentennial program and celebration follow.

December 1989

Dr. Billington convenes the first meeting to discuss several proposed approaches to the Bicentennial celebration. He emphasizes that the Bicentennial must "demonstrate why the history of the Library of Congress is relevant to the institution's future and to the intellectual and cultural life of this country and of the world."

March 1995

Dr. Billington informs the Joint Committee on the Library about the Library's developing Bicentennial plans and seeks congressional sponsorship of a bill to authorize two commemorative coins in 2000.

May 1996

Dr. Billington writes the Citizens Commemorative Stamp Advisory Committee, requesting a Bicentennial stamp that would be issued on April 24, 2000, the Library's 200th birthday.

August 1996

In a letter to the director of the U.S. Mint, Dr. Billington seeks the approval of the Citizens Coin Advisory Committee for two commemorative coins in 2000.

October 1996

The staff Bicentennial Steering Committee is established and begins regular meetings. Chaired by John Y. Cole, director of the Center for the Book, its members are: Norma Baker, director of Development; Jill Brett, public affairs officer; Jo Ann Jenkins, chief of staff; Geraldine Otremba, director of the Congressional Relations Office; Winston Tabb, associate librarian for Library Services; and Roberta Stevens, staff assistant. Committee members also become involved in planning the 1997 centennial celebrations of the opening of the Jefferson Building. Also this month, the Madison Council Advisory Committee for the Bicentennial meets for the first time.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.html (3 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 27 Bicentennial Background August 1997

Dr. Billington makes a presentation in New York City before the U.S. Mint's Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee.

Oct. 6, 1997

During a news conference in his ceremonial office in the Jefferson Building, Dr. Billington outlines preliminary plans for the celebration of the Library's Bicentennial, including the Bicentennial goal of "inspiring creativity in the century ahead by stimulating greater use of the Library of Congress and libraries everywhere" and the theme and logo "Libraries, Creativity, Liberty."

Oct. 7, 1997

The Bicentennial celebration is officially launched with a gala fund- raiser, supported by the Library's Madison Council, that raises more than $800,000 for the Bicentennial Fund.

Photos by Paul Hogroian, Richard Menzies, and Susan Davis International

Participants in the Library's Bicentennial celebration on the Capitol's East Lawn included (top, from left): Big Bird; Dr. Billington in the crowd; vocalist Dianne Reeves; and folk singing legend Pete Seeger. Bicentennial Living Legends (below, from left) included Jeanne Kirkpatrick, , , Katherine Paterson, Jaroslav Pelikan, Colin Powell and Tito Puente; among the hundreds of Local Legacy projects submitted to the Library was Utah's Lamb Day celebration held annually in the farming community of Fountain Green.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.html (4 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 28 BiceAtennial Background

Nov. 13, 1997

At an all-day retreat, the Bicentennial Steering Committee agrees on a general schedule of Bicentennial events, adds "Gifts to the Nation" as a component of the commemoration and invites Laura Campbell, director of the National Digital Library Program, to become part of the committee. U.S. Ambassador to the Vatican Lindy Boggs and former Sen. Mark 0. Hat- field are named honorary Bicentennial co-chairs.

December 1997

The Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee recommends to Congress that the nation's first bimetallic coin be issued, to commemorate the Library's Bicentennial in 2000.

Dec. 18, 1997

The Bicentennial Steering Committee presents its overall plan for discussion and approval to Dr. Billington, the Library's Executive Committee and the Library's Senior Management Reporting Group. Ms. Jenkins becomes co-chair of the Bicentennial Steering Committee.

January 1998

The Bicentennial Steering Committee solicits proposals for Bicentennial projects from the Library's staff.

February 1998

Postmaster General Marvin T. Runyon informs Dr. Billington that the Citizens Stamp Advisory Committee has approved a Library of Congress Bicentennial stamp for 2000. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.html (5 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 29 Bicentennial Background

July 1998

Roberta Stevens becomes Bicentennial Program Manager and the Bicentennial Program Office begins operations.

Oct. 21, 1998

President Clinton signs the Library of Conaress Bicentennial Cnin Ant of 1998, authorizing two commemorative coins for the Library's celebration.

April 5, 1999

The Library announces a "once-in-a-century" series of appointments for the Library's poetry program in preparation for the Library's Bicentennial. Robert Pinsky will serve an unprecedented third term as poet laureate consultant in poetry, along with three special consultants: former poet laureate Rita Dove, Louise Glück and W.S. Merwin.

Photo by Glen Krankowski

Madison Council member Jerry Jones and his wife Gene made a $1 million contribution to help rebuild Jefferson's original iibrary.

April 14, 1999

The Bicentennial's Gifts to the Nation program is launched during a news conference announcing a $1 million gift from Madison Council member Jerry Jones to replace books lost in an 1851 fire that destroyed nearly two-thirds of Thomas Jefferson's library.

May 20, 1999

The first Bicentennial exhibition, "The Work of Charles & Ray Eames: A Legacy of Invention," opens and remains on view until Sept. 4, http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.html (6 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 30 Bicentennial Background 1999. It then travels to other venues across the country.

June 1999

In cooperation with the American Library Association, the Library distributes nationwide a "Toolkit" and "Tip Sheet" with ideas for celebrating the Library's Bicentennial and underscoring the importance of all libraries to the communities they serve.

June 14-17, 1999

The first Bicentennial symposium, "Frontiers of the Mind in the Twenty-First Century," is held. Distinguished scholars in some 20 fields of knowledge examine significant developments in the past century and explore the challenges ahead.

June 26, 1999

Winners of the national photography contest "Beyond Words: Celebrating America's Libraries" are announced. Sponsored jointly by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association, the contest invited photographers to feature people using libraries.

October 1999

To mark the Bicentennial, the Music Division launches "I Hear America Singing," a three-year series of concerts, recordings and educational programs emphasizing America's musical heritage from Colonial days to the end of the 20th century. Taking its title from Walt Whitman's poem, the series is excerpted for radio broadcast nationally and internationally.

Nov. 18, 1999

The second Bicentennial exhibition, "John Bull & Uncle Sam: Four Centuries of British-American Relations," opens and remains on view until March 4, 2000.

Feb. 29March 1, 2000

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.html (7 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 31 Bicentennial Background

"Informing the Congress and the Nation," a Bicentennial symposium for Congress and its staff, is held.

March 7-10, 2000

The Bicentennial symposium "Democracy and the Rule of Law in a Changing World Order" is sponsored jointly by the Library of Congress and School of Law.

April 2000

Three books are published in honor of the Library's Bicentennial: America's Library: The Story of the Library of Congress, 1800-2000 by James Conaway ( Press); Thomas Jefferson: Genius of Liberty, with introduction by Garry Wills. Essays by , Charles A. Miller, Annette Gordon-Reed, Peter S. Onuf and Joseph J. Ellis (Viking Studio); and The Library of Congress: An Architectural by Blaine Marshall (Pomegranate Communications Inc.).

April 3-4, 2000

The Bicentennial symposium "Poetry and the American People: Reading, Voice and Publication in the 19th and 20th Centuries" is held as part of the "Favorite Poem" Bicentennial initiative. Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky presents to the Library tapes made during the past two years of Americans from all walks of life reading their favorite poems.

14trais1/4M A p ri I 21, 2000 wmg9 Laltoelm. `GA iV4 fra < , The third Bicentennial exhibition, "The Wizard of Oz: /44 An American Fairy Tale," opens and remains on view until Sept. 23, 2000. The exhibition celebrates the 100th anniversary of one of the most famous works ever registered for copyright by the U.S. Copyright Office in the Library of Congress.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.html (8 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 32 Bicentennial Background April 24, 2000

The Library's 200th birthday party. After many days of rain, the sun shines on the Library, its friends and its staff. Highlights include the issuing of the commemorative stamp and two commemorative coins in a ceremony in the Great Hall; the launching of America's Library (www.americaslibrary.gov), an easy-to-use Web site for families and young people; the opening of the major Bicentennial exhibition, "Thomas Jefferson"; the announcement of three resolutions (from the U.S. Congress, the American Library Association and the state Senate) and two proclamations (from the president of the United States and the mayor of the District of Columbia) congratulating the Library on its Bicentennial; a program and concert on the U.S. Capitol's East Lawn honoring 84 Bicentennial "Living Legends" and featuring top American singers and entertainers; a luncheon for the Living Legends; and a celebratory reception chaired by Madison Council member Mrs. William Cafritz.

May 23, 2000

Nearly 2,000 Local Legacies project participants, including many members of Congress, gather in the Library's Great Hall to celebrate America's local cultural traditions.

September 2000

The Nation's Library: The Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., by Alan Bisbort and Linda Barrett Osborne (Scala Publishers), the Library's first guide book in more than a decade, is published.

Oct. 5, 2000

The Library announces an unprecedented gift of $60 million from Madison Council Chairman John W. r- Kluge as part of the Bicentennial Gifts to the Nation program. The gift will establish the John W. Kluge Center in the Library and the John W. Kluge Prize in the Human Sciences and will include endowed chairs in several areas.

Oct. 6, 2000

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.html (9 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 33 Bicentennial Background

The Madison Council celebrates its 10th anniversary. The Library thanks the council for its support with a display of representative projects and items their generosity has made possible. Since its founding in 1990, the 103-member Madison Council has provided $134.6 million in support of 208 Library initiatives. This includes $87.1 million of the $106 million the Library has received as part of its Bicentennial Gifts to the Nation program.

Oct. 23-26, 2000

The Bicentennial symposium "National Libraries of the World: Interpreting the Past, Shaping the Future" explores the influences shaping national libraries today. The conference is co-sponsored with the American Library Association's Library History Round Table and the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions' National Libraries Section, Reading Section and Library History Round Table.

Oct. 30-31, 2000

The Bicentennial symposium "To Preserve and Protect: The Strategic Stewardship of Cultural Resources" focuses on the Library's role in safeguarding its collections, which represent the nation's intellectual heritage.

Nov. 15-17, 2000

The Bicentennial symposium "Bibliographic Control for the New Millennium: Confronting the Challenges of Networked Resources and the Web" brings together authorities in the cataloging and metadata communities to discuss outstanding issues involving improved descriptive information and access to resources on the Internet within the framework of international standards.

December 2000

The Library meets its goal of mounting 5 million digital items on the Library's American Memory Web site by the end of the Bicentennial year (see story on page 3). Also, the U.S. Mint reports sales figures for the Library's Bicentennial commemorative coins. Sales of 251,548 silver coins and 34,571 bimetallic coins yield a potential surcharge of

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.html (10 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 3 4 Bicentennial Background

I nearly $3 million to fund Library of Congress programs.

Dec. 20, 2000

The Bicentennial year draws to a close with the sealing of a Time Capsule containing some 85 items documenting the daily life of the Library's staff in 2000. It is stored in the walk-in safe in the Librarian's ceremonial office in the Jefferson Building.

John Y. Cole is director of the Center for the Book and was co- chair of the Library's Bicentennial Steering Committee.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/bicentennial.html (11 of 11) [3/15/02 1:50:09 PM] 35 Amy Lowell's Word Portrait of the Library of Congress

N The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin

,44a January 2001 .4? N s 'The Congressional Library' Iii!i..lii Amy Lowell's Word Portrait of the Library of Congress

S-41.0AM: t6i BY KURT S. MAIER

CURRENT ISSUE I As the Library's Bicentennial year draws to a close, the Bulletin takes PREVIOUS NEXT a look at a poem written in the Library's honor 78 years ago. ARUCLE ARTICLE In December 1922 the Literary Digest International Book Review The Library of Congress published Amy Lowell's "The Congressional Library." The poem found WEB SITE no response with readers. Indeed, the only letter to the editor mentioning it was from Lowell herself, who pointed out in the January The Library 1923 issue that the typesetter had transposed pages two and three of Today her manuscript "to the utter confusion of the poem." The editor America's accommodated Lowell by reprinting her work in its correct form. Library American Lowell, far from being the proverbially poor poet, was born in 1874 into Memory a distinguished Massachusetts family and received the best education Exhibitions available to women in the 19th century. Other prominent Lowells THOMAS -L _II u _ .1 IL.ILAUGIG1 11101. 1.AJU011 LII dIILUI..IdLIt , pueL Jcil I leb Russell Luweii Copyright Office (1819-1891), her brother Percival (1855-1916), who left his mark as Collections & an astronomer, and her cousin-poet Robert Lowell (1917-1977). Services Home Until her death in 1925, Amy Lowell was also a noted essayist and biographer. Her first poems had been conventional. But joining the awing Around Imagist school of poet Ezra Pound, she soon became one of its leading proponents, together with Hilda Doolittle, William Butler Yeats, Help & FAQs Ford Madox Ford, Richard Aldington and John Gould Fletcher. Search the Site Site Map Pound had played on Amy Lowell's poetic aspirations, received Search the generous subsidies and treated her cruelly. However, theAmerican Catalog public, always hungry for sensation, knew Amy Lowell more for her eccentric ways, Cuban cigars and corpulence. She stayed up all night

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/poem_praise.html (1 of 4) [3/15/02 1:50:14 PM] 36 Amy Lowell's Word Portrait of the Library of Congress and slept till the afternoon. She employed three maids, a butler, eight gardeners, two chauffeurs, a footman and two secretaries. Once a week, a man reported to her home to wind the mansion clocks. She knew how to stay in the public eye, promoting herself through lectures, public readings and interviews. She was very rich, and she was famous.

Her magnum opus completed shortly before her death, a two-volume biography of Keats, ran to 1,300 pages. The honor that eluded her in life came a year after death when the Pulitzer Prize Committee acknowledged her collection of short lyrics, What's O'Clock.

As to Lowell's "The Congressional Library," initially one is struck by the graphic word picture called a "decoration" in the journal's table of contents that accompanied the poem. Looming over the dome of the Thomas Jefferson Building, a woman with angel's and cape holds a large book and a giant quill. A mass of people stream below her, fill the Library plaza and mount the Library's granite stairs. Still others rise from a mountain valley on the horizon and emerge from a field shoulder-high with plants and flowers. Barely discernible is the artist's name, L. Soderston.

This almost nebulous mass seems to represent all mankind. A Mexican sombrero, an Asian straw hat, a cowboy hat, laborers' headgear and hats seen on.American streets give the only clues to national identities. She writes:

We, the people without a race, Without a language; Of all races and of none; Of all tongues, and one imposed; Of all traditions and all pasts. With no traditions and no past. A patchwork and an altar-piece,

Vague as a sea-mist...

Lowell describes the Library with its marbles "all mounting, spearing, flying into colour...a dome and a dome, a balcony and a balcony." She summarizes the symbolism of the multihued marble with three words: "This is America" and describes it as a "vast, confused beauty."

With unusual imagery, she then compares the contents of the Library http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/poem_praise.html (2 of 4) [3/15/02 1:50:14 PM] 37 Amy Lowell's Word Portrait of the Library of Congress to a strange beast with blood and viscera that comes alive at night: "But behind the vari-coloured hall?/The entrails, the belly,/The blood- run veins, the heart, the viscera." The mute voices of dead poets and writers soon echo. "These are the voices of the furious dead who never die."

In the final stanza, she looks beyond the ages when the Library will be no more and civilization is destroyed. But even in this vision of "white columns thrown and scattered/Our dome of colours striped with the crawling of insects/Spotted with the thrust of damp clay" she sees life once more stirring so that it will "become the blood and heat ... which forever whips...the static present ..."

Not much is known of the poem's source of inspiration. No doubt Amy Lowell had toured the Library and been impressed by its art and architecture. In a letter to Professor Paul Kaufman of (March 29, 1923), she wrote that the Library should be seen as a symbol of America:

"I was not observing the Library from an architectural standpoint, nor was it the reading room that I referred to. It was the main hall with its tiers of balconies and its bright coloured marbles. The confusion and brilliance of the whole, from floor to roof, are, I think, very typical of America. I did not intend "wine-blues" to carry any emotional meaning; I was referring to colour. Have you forgotten the 'wine-dark' ocean of Homer?"

An anonymous critic once wrote of Lowell: "There has never lived a woman poet of such range, versatility and puwer. She reminds one of Byron or Browning. I am convinced that future time will find in her one of the literary giants of our time...She is a great poet."

Mr. Maier is a cataloger on the Germanic History and Literature Team.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/poem_praise.html (4 of 4) [3/15/02 1:50:14 PM] 39 Mansfield Lecturer Urges Japanese Reform The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Inforination Bulletin January 2001 'From Governing to rznxiarn,nnea' Mansfield Lecturer Urges Japanese Reform

BY PROSSER GIFFORD

CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT ARECLE ARTICLE Tadashi Yamamoto, president of the Japan Center for International Exchange, spoke at the Library on Nov. 20 from an unusual 714, Library of Congress I perspective, at least for someone from Japan. WEB SITE Mr. Yamamoto drew on his more than 30 years of experience as the The Library leader of one of that nation's very few early nonprofit and Today nongovernmental institutions. Not until legislation was passed in 1996 America's had there been any substantial development of the nonprofit and Library nongovernmental sectors there. American Memory Former ambassador Michael Armacost, now head of the Brookings Exhibitions Institution, introduced the speaker. The lecture was cosponsored by THOMAS the Pvlansfield Center for Public Affairs. The rviansrieici Arnerican- Copyright Office Pacific Lecture series explores the shared and competing interests Collections & that underlie U.S.-Japan policy debates. Services Home From March 1991 until January 2000, Mr. Yamamoto served as a member and executive director of the late Prime Minister Keizo

Getithg Around Obichi's commission on "Japan's goals in the 21st century." That experience led himand the 50-member commissionto believe that Help & FAQs radical reforms in the Japanese government were needed. Search the Site Site Map One of the most important of the commission's recommendations was Search the to urge a shift from "governing to governance." In other words, the Catalog centralized bureaucratic style of Japanese governing should be reduced. Second, the commission recognized a need to "empower the

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/pacific_punditry.html (1 of 2) [3/15/02 1:50:17 PM] 40 Mansfield Lecturer Urges Japanese Reform individual" in Japanese society. The nation needs greater citizen participation in public affairs and to develop a much larger group of "public intellectuals." To enable individuals to give "full rein to their abilities and creativity," there has to be a significantly greater emphasis on individualism over the traditional group approach, which leads to stasis.

Mr. Yamamoto concluded by noting two trends that he believes offer hope of radical reform: the large increase in the number and variety of nongovernmental and nonprofit organizations operating in Japan without bureaucratic guidance, and, second, the willingness of some young lawmakers to introduce legislation that is antithetical to traditional bureaucratic interests. He is optimistic that Japan is headed in the right direction, toward an era of new initiatives that will energize its society.

Mr. Gifford is director of the Library's Office of Scholarly Programs.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/pacific_punditry.html (2 of 2) [3/15/02 1:50:17 PM] 41 Coca-Cola Donates Ad Archives

a ol;

January 2001 'I'd Like to Teach theorld to r Ord:',,r_rms.,LiitI 141111111-tint Sinig' Coca-Cola Donates Ad Archives

BY CRAIG D'OOGE

CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS -NEXT ARTTCLE ARTICLE rah- "Northern Lights" used state-of- TheLibrary Congress the-art computer animation to WEB SITE produce a cheerful, Coke- sipping polar bear (1993). The Library Today America's "For the last 115 years, Coca- Library Cola has been embedded in the American psyche of people around the Memory world. Brand Coke became a cultural icon by forging an exceptional Exhibitions bond with them. Today, we call that brand-building...a successful THOMAS brand both reflects a culture and shapes it. The body of our Copyright Office I advertising, therefore, is a mirror on the reality of the past 100 years." Collections & Services So said Douglas Daft, chairman and chief executive officer of the Home Coca-Cola Co., at a gala reception in the Library's Great Hall on Nov. 29. The event marked the donation of some 20,000 Coke television commercials to the Library as a Bicentennial "Gift to the Nation." GetfingAro`und Standing between two towering obelisks displaying video images of Help & FAQs vintage Coke commercials, the Librarian of Congress said, "This Search the Site agreement is a model for how the private and public sectors can work Site Map together to meet the common goal of preserving and making available Search the culturally important research materials." Catalog http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cola_commercials.html (1 of 3) [3/15/02 1:50:26 PM] 4 2 Coca-Cola Donates Ad Archives

"Hilltop" ad teaches the world to sing with a song that later topped the pop charts (1971).

"It has been a central part of Coca- Cola's advertising that we tell stories through which we build rAlntinnhipc with pPnpla around the world," said Mr. Daft. He introduced schoolchildren from the Urban Nation Hip Hop Choir, the Sidwell Friends Choir and the Children's Chorus of Washington, who sang "Our World," a new song from Coca- Cola that premiered at the event.

The gift will be conveyed to the Library over the next three to five years. The collection covers the early 1950s to the present and includes both U.S. and international ads from the company's portfolio of brands, including products such as Lilt and Fanta that are better known abroad. A preview of a number of Coca-Cola ads along with historical information and images of Coca-Cola television advertising is now on the Library's Web site at www.loc.gov. The collection comes to the Library fully digitized, with both preservation and access copies, as well as a catalog prepared by the Coca-Cola Archives in Atlanta.

The key scene from the "Mean Joe Greene" commercial.

A highlight of the collection is a compilation of outtakes from the famous "Hilltop" commercial of 1971, showing various scenes and actors that did not appear in the final version. Other spots include "Mean Joe Greene" (a television commercial that was so popular it spurred its own made-for-TV movie), the first "Polar Bear" spot, some experimental color television ads from 1964, some early black-and-white ads from the D'Arcy Agency in 1953 and contemporary international ads from Malaysia and Morocco.

The Coca-Cola Co.'s gift to the Library is expected to be continual, http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cola_commercials.html (2 of 3) [3/15/02 1:50:26 PM] 4 3 Coca-Cola Donates Ad Archives with additions being made to the collection on a regular basis as new advertising is produced.

During the reception, Mr. Daft also announced an additional gift of $125,000 for the Library to establish a fellowship for the study of communications and local culture. The fellowships will provide a stipend of $20,000 per year. Fellows will be chosen by a committee of scholars drawn from the fields of communications, and the humanities, according to Mr. Daft.

Mr. D'Ooge is a public affairs specialist in the Public Affairs Office.

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January 2001 Coca-Cola Archives Donation , Television Advertising: A Brief History tAiliffla'71 17L BY MIKE MASHON

CURRENT ISSUE Radio Precedents

PREVIOUS NEXT ARTICLE ARTICLE Although broadcasting was initially conceived as a means to sell radio sets, broadcasting and advertising have become virtually synonymous 2rAwLlbrary6f Congtess for American listeners and viewers, taken for granted as being WEB SITE fundamental to both the structure and function of radio and television. If one were to isolate a single event that marked the birth of The Library commercial broadcasting in America, it would probably be the radio Today program emanating'from station WEAF in New York City on Aug. 28, America's 1922, a 10-minute advertisement for suburban apartment housing. By Library Christmas of that year, several major New York department stores American were "renting" the airwaves for similar pitches. Memory Exhibitions This marriage of big-business advertising, public entertainment and THOMAS information, and mass media technology was unlike any form of Copyright Office communication ever devised, bringing economic, ideological, cultural Collections & and technological forces together in an elaborate and unprecedented Services coalition. By the late , this coalition had matured to the point Home where advertising agencies had taken control of the schedule, buying air time from the networks or individual stations and producing

CedingAround programs themselves on behalf of sponsors.

Help & FAQs I The Single- Era Search the Site Site Map Yet there is little doubt that as a force for advertising, radio was in Search the many ways a preludealbeit a complex and remarkably successful Catalog oneto the eventual arrival of television. Although the Depression and then World War II stalled the newer medium's progress, when full- http://www.Ioc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/tv_ad_history.html (1 of 3) [3/15/02 1:50:30 PM] 45 Television Advertising: A Brief History time telecasting began in 1948 its impact was considerable. The advertising world approached television cautiously at first, unsure whether the new medium would prove to be simply "radio with pictures" or require an entire reconsideration of selling principles. However, the rapidity with which television captured the public imaginationcombined with surveys showing that brand recognition levels were higher than in radiomeant that television evolved as a genuine mass medium, providing sponsors with an unprecedented means of reaching the consumer. Thus television schedules in the 1950s were full of programs with titles such as "Kraft Television Theater," "Colgate Comedy Hour" and "Coke Time." As with radio, these programs were produced by advertising agencies for their sponsor-clients.

However, the television audience was (and remains) a paradoxical, abstract entity, not an amalgam of individuals with differing backgrounds, tastes and interests but a huge consumer collective that could be attracted en masse and delivered, so to speak, to advertisers. Since the networks were competing for that national audience, television programming became more important to their economic success. Increasingly, the networks found themselves coveting the sponsor-ad agency programming control, and the sponsors in turn found themselves hard pressed to underwrite increasingly costly programs.

The Triumph of the 'Magazine Concept'

NBC executive Sylvester L. "Pat" Weaver advanced the networks' answer to the problem: participation advertising, dubbed the "magazine concept." Under this arrangement, advertisers purchased discrete segments of shows (typically one- or two-minute blocks) rather than entire programs. Like magazines, which feature ads for a variety of products, the participation show might carry commercials from up to four different sponsors. Similarly, just as a magazine's editorial practice was presumably divorced from its advertising content, the presence of multiple sponsors meant that no one advertiser could control the program. By Weaver's reckoning, the network would assume that responsibility.

While participation advertising met with some initial resistance on Madison Avenue, many agencies saw that it was the ideal promotional vehicle for packaged-goods companies manufacturing a cornucopia of http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/tv_ad_history.html (2 of 3) [3/15/02 1:50:30 PM] 4 6 Television Advertising: A Brief History brand names, such as Procter and Gamble with such disparate products as Tide (laundry detergent), Crest (toothpaste) and Jif (peanut butter). By 1960 the magazine concept dominated television advertising, as it has ever since. Instead of relying on audience identification with a specific show, sponsors now spread their messages across the schedule in an effort to reach as many consumers (or at least as many of those within a specified demographic) as possible. There is no denying that, as an instrument of mass communication conveying information and entertainment to the generai American public, and as an instrument of mass merchandising and advertising for the business community and a source of massive profits for the networks, American commercial television is eminently successful.

Mr. Mashon is a curator in the Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division.

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o The LIBRARY qf CONGRESS Information loulletin ..., c'') January 2001 ....if N .1 Bibliographic Symposium

"4 UtiGhl 1171.'1. ii It) 11:110111 'Control for the New Millennium'

Ti BY SUSAN MORRIS and JANE MANDELBAUM

CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT ARTICLE ARTICLE

TheLibraryof Congress WEB SITE

The Library Today America's

Library '41 1 American T Memory Exhibitions THOMAS Phnto by Ana Cristan Copyright Office Collections & Director for Cataloging Beacher Wiggins was the conference host. Services Home More than 135 leaders in cataloging and library systems called on the Library of Congress to set the pace in making the library catalogs of Gating Around the 21st century viable tools for discovering information in all formatstraditional books and maps, born-digital content, visual Help & FAQs images, digitized reproductions of conventional materials and other Search the Site formats yet to be imagined. Site Map Search the At the Library of Congress Bicentennial conference on "Bibliographic Catalog Control for the New Millennium," held Nov. 15-17, these invited guests reviewed the current state of bibliographic control, heard about http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cataloging_confab.html (1 of 6) [3/15/02 1:50:36 PM] 4 8 Bibliographic Symposium

cutting-edge research in catalog design and came up with approximately 100 specific recommendations for shaping catalogs in the digital age.

Director for Cataloging Beacher Wiggins welcomed the conferees on Nov. 15 by noting that, in many respects, the conference planners had anticipated the recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences report LC21: A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress (see Information Bulletin, August-September 2000). More than a year ago, they had envisioned a conference that would be both scholarly and action-oriented to advise the Library on achieving bibliographic control of digital resources in the near and long term.

The conference they designed included about 30 invited papers, grouped into five major topics: the Library Catalog and the Web; Assessing Current Library Standards for Bibliographic Control and Web Access; Future Directions; Experimentation; and Exploring Partnerships. The papers were posted on a conference Web site ahead of the conference and viewers were invited to comment.

Mr. Wiggins urged the conference participants to be vocal in sharing their ideas: "The Cataloging Directorate has a critical role to play and we've made a start, but we have a lot more to do. We need your synergy and expertise."

Mr. Wiggins hosted the conference, which received major financial support from netLibrary, EBSCO Information Services and the Gale Group, with additional support from other library vendors and publishers: 3M Library Systems, Blackwell's, Blue Angel Technologies, Bowker, Brodart, Epixtech, Ex Libris, H.W. Wilson, Ingram Library Services, MARCIVE, OCLC Inc., VTLS Inc., Wiley, the Library Corp. and the Library of Congress Cataloging Distribution Service.

Keynote Address

Michael Gorman, dean of library services at California State University at Fresno, gave the keynote address, "From Card Catalogs to WebPACs: Celebrating Cataloging in the 20th Century," a sweeping and witty overview of the development of library catalogs in the last century from his perspective as one of the editors of AACR2, the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition. Mr. Gorman said http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cataloging_confab.html (2 of 6) [3/15/02 1:50:36 PM] 4 9 Bibliographic Symposium that in this "century of erratic progress in cataloging," the story of cataloging is the story of standards and of the means by which catalog records are communicated. He reminded all participants that "effective cataloging involves controlled vocabularies and adherence to the standards that have evolved during the past 100 years."

Honoring the Past

Since the conference on Bibliographic Control was convened to honor the Library's Bicentennial, it was fitting that several speakers reviewed the proud achievements of cataloging over the past century. Conferees were reassured that, although the challenges facing them are unprecedented, they are not so different in nature from those of a century ago.

Cornell University Librarian Sarah Thomas quoted William Warner Bishop, superintendent of the Reading Room in the Library of Congress, who wrote in 1915: "Catalogs and catalogers are not in the forefront of library thought....Shallow folk are inclined to belittle the whole cataloging business." Mr. Bishop predicted that libraries would have to collaborate to maintain control of the burgeoning universe of information and that the form of the catalog would evolve or even experience "total change of form."

Celebrations and Reunions

Photo by Ana Cristan

Conference speakers included AMIl& (from left) Karen Calhoun, ; Paul Weiss, Innovative Interfaces; Library ILS Director Barbara Tillett; and Brian Schottlaender, University of Calfornia, San Diego.

Conference participants enjoyed the video "How the Web Was Won," a lighthearted tale of conquest in the modern bibliographic universe, produced by Joan Biella and video- graphed by Henry Lefkowitz, both senior catalogers on the Hebraica Team in the Regional and

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cataloging_confab.html (3 of 6) [3/15/02 1:50:36 PM] 50 Bibliographic Symposium Cooperative Cataloging Division. The heroine, "The Web site," was played by cataloger Robin Dougherty of RCCD's and North Africa Team. Other stars included Lynn El-Hoshy, Kay Guiles and Tom Yee of the Cataloging Policy and Support Office, Coop Team members Sami Kotb and John Mitchell, and many Special Materials Cataloging Division staff. Original video lyrics by Hebraica Team cataloger Peter Kearney were set to melodies from the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta H.M.S. Pinafore.

During the conference's gala dinner in the Great Hall of the Thomas Jefferson Building on Nov. 16, Clifford Lynch, executive director of the Coalition for Networked Information, gave an after-dinner talk that defined bibliographic control as support for "finding things." He suggested that the public was willing to underwrite libraries and related services because people want to "find things." He saw the application of the human mind to organize and describe material as a well-established, honorable tradition.

Looking to the new millennium, Mr. Lynch said, there is no doubt that the vast majority of works to be created will exist in digital form. We will need to be able to apply new tool kits to these works. Mr. Lynch concluded that the context of bibliographic description is different now, and we ignore the context at our peril.

Calls for Action

Each conference participant chose a topical discussion group that met in breakout sessions to address a major challenge facing catalogers and their allies in the vendor and publisher communities. The groups presented their recommendations at the final plenary session on Nov. 17.

Major recommendations included: Create a national-international database of standard records for Web resources; define core competencies for catalogers in the digital age; involve the library community in the development of the publisher metadata scheme ONIX to ensure that it meets the needs of both communities; create a long-term research-and-development program, including partnerships with publishers and registration (standard numbering, etc.) agencies; develop a strategic plan for the continuing development of the Anglo- American Cataloguing Rules; promote semantic and systems interoperability; develop a metadata creation tool that authors can use http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cataloging_confab.html (4 of 6) [3/15/02 1:50:36 PM] 51 BibliographicSymposium to help with bibliographic control of their works; create a definable access framework for integration of traditional catalogs, abstracting and indexing services, and other databases; improve and promote standard metadata schemes; and hold open meetings at American Library Association conferences with catalogers, reference librarians, vendors, systems people, publishers and administrators to ensure that reference librarians' needs for resource description are heard.

The recommendations have been edited and circulated for comments from all conference participants via e-mail. The recommendations can be viewed on the conference Web site at www.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol. The site also includes a Webcast of the actual conference and final versions of all the invited conference papers. The full conference proceedings will be edited for publication in late spring.

Meanwhile, Library staff, under Judith Mansfield's leadership, will rank the dozens of specific recommendations to develop an implementation plan.

In wrapping up the conference, Mr. Wiggins asserted, "Whatever is in our power to do, we will do."

Ms. Morris is assistant to the director for Cataloging. Ms. Mandelbaum is manager of Systems Development Group 4 in the Library's Information Technology Services office.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cataloging_confab.html (6 of 6) [3/15/02 1:50:36 PM] 53 Call fo'r 2001 American Memory Fellows Applications The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Informationulletin January 2001 Call for 2001 American

til' kora, 4it,el H18116-tial MOITIAIM ralintILIC Annlieafinne ArivI .WV%ir N Urord/I41.IAIY1100

The American Memory Fellows Program is an excellent opportunity for CURRENT ISSUE outstanding teachers, librarians and media specialists to work with the PREVIOUS NEXT ARTDCLE ARTICLE Library of Congress to understand better how primary sources can enrich the learning experience of students in grades 4 through 12.

TheLibrary of Congress This is a yearlong professional development opportunity, the WEB SITE cornerstone of which is the American Memory Fellows Institute, held The Library in Washington at the Library of Congress in two six-day sessions: July Today 15-20 or July 22-27, 2001. America's Library The American Memory Fellows Institute sponsors 25 two-person American teams of exemplary grade 4-12 educators for their stay in Washington. Memory Teams will attend only one session; however, to be eligible for Exhibitions consideration, teams must be available for both sessions. To apply, THOMAS use the application found online at memory.loc.qov/learn/amfp. Copyright Office Collections & Applications must be postmarked by Feb. 26, 2001. Services Home American Memory Fellows Institute

During the six-day institute, Fellows will work with Library of Congress CedingAround staff and consultants, examine both actual and virtual primary source Help & FAQs artifactsphotographs, maps, graphic arts, video, audio, documents Search the Site and textsplus learn strategies for working with these electronic Site Map primary source materials. Participants will also develop sample teaching materials that draw upon the American Memory online Search the materials. Catalog

54 http://www.Ioc.gov/Ioc/Icib/0101/caLfor_fellows.html (1 of 3) [3/15/02 1:50:40 PM] Call fot, 2001 American Memory Fellows Applications , The Fellowship Year

Following the institute, Fellows will continue to develop, refine and test their teaching materials with other colleagues and students. These teacher-created materials are then edited for presentation on the Library of Congress Learning Page at memory.loc.gov/learn. Throughout the school year, Fellows participate in online discussion groups. American Memory Fellows, as mentors to their professions, are also asked to share their knowledge with other colleagues throughout the nation at workshops and seminars or in writing.

Selection Criteria

The Library is seeking applications from two-member teams of humanities teachers, librarians and media specialists who:

Have frequent access to and a high level of comfort using the World Wide Web, e-mail and other technologies; Have experience using primary sources to motivate students, promote their critical thinking and help them connect history to their lives; Are active leaders in their fields, or have the ability to disseminate their expertise to teachers or librarians in their community and region; Work with student populations that are diverse (e.g. by region, income, race and ethnicity, language, ability, etc.).

If you meet these criteria, print out and complete the online application at memory.loc.gov/learn/amfp. You may make copies of the application for interested colleagues.

Remember, applications must be postmarked by Feb. 26, 2001. (No e- mail, fax or disk-based applications, please.) Notification letters to all applicants will be mailed the week of April 23, 2001. Send inquiries to Andrea Savada at [email protected] or (202) 707-8148.

American Memory is a project of the National Digital Library Program of the Library of Congress.

Mr. Mashon is a curator in the Motion Picture, Broadcasting and http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/call_foriellows.html (2 of 3) [3/15/02 1:50:40 PM] 55 Call fot 2001 American Memory Fellows Applications Recorded Sound Division.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/call_for_fellows.html (3 of 3) [3/15/02 1:50:40 PM] Libra!), Leads Audio Preservation Initiatives

Ls The LIBIURY of CONGRESS 0 Information Bulletin January 2001 Saving Sound Library Leads Audio Preservation Initiatives

b.44, 0.:3011 On Nov. 9, President Clinton signed the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000, establishing the National Recording Registry CURRENT ISSUE of the Library of Congress (P.L.106-474). The new law was introduced PREVIOUS NEXT ARTICLE ARTICLE and supported by Reps. William Thomas (R-Calif.) and Steny Hoyer (D-Md.) and Sen. (D-La.) to encourage the preservation of historic sound recordings, many of which are at risk from The Library of Congress deterioration. It directs the Librarian of Congress to name sound WEB SITE recordings of aesthetic, historical or cultural value to the Registry, to The Library establish an advisory National Recording Preservation Board and to Today create and implement a national plan to assure the long-term America's preservation and accessibility of the nation's audio heritage. Library American The advisory National Recording Preservation Board will be made up Memory of leaders in the field of music, sound recording, librarianship and Exhibitions audio engineering. Through consultation with this board, and studies THOMAS conducted by the board, the Librarian of Conaress will commission Copyright Office and carry out a national preservation plan for historic audio Collections & recordings. The plan will outline recommendations on the use of new Services technologies for preservation, programs to increase public awareness Home of audio preservation, and strategies to increase accessibility of sound recordings for educational purposes.

ceiling Around "It is gratifying to know that Congress has recognized the challenge of preserving the historic sounds and music of America and entrusted Help & FAQs the Library to lead this effort," said Dr. Billington. "Audio preservation Search the Site has long been a priority of the Library. The National Recording Site Map Preservation Act will help the Library of Congress and other archives Search the preserve their audio holdings for study and enjoyment by many Catalog generations to come."

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/audio_archives.html (1 of 2) [3/15/02 1:50:43 PM] Library Leads Audio Preservation Initiatives

The Library of Congress has been a leader in the audio preservation field for more than a half-century. Its Recording Laboratory has been reformatting audio recordings for preservation since the late 1940s. Several important audio preservation initiatives are now under way. Leading them is the establishment of the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center in Culpeper, Va., which includes state-of-the-art archival storage facilities and preservation laboratories for motion pictures, video and sound recordings. It is scheduled to open in 2004. While the center is being designed, audio engineers, archivists and information technology specialists at the Library are building the prototype of the Library of Congress Digital Repository for the preservation of audio and video. It will be the first digital preservation initiative for sound and video recordings undertaken by a major archives in the United States.

Mr. Mashon is a curator in the Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division.

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58 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/audio_archives.html (2 of 2) [3/15/02 1:50:43 PM] Library Tests Classification Schedules Online The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information 1 ulletin January 2001 Library Tests Classification

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Joan T."fan1 , 47j snivarill!Pc Onhne

Library of Congress Classification schedules will be available online CURRENT ISSUE as a pilot project by the Library's Cataloging Distribution Service PREVIOUS NEXT ARUCLE ARTICLE I (CDS) until March 31, 2001. Developed by Cactus Software Inc., Classification Web will be accessible on the CDS Web site at www.loc.gov/cds. The Library of Congress WEB SITE "Classification Web provides instant access to Library classification The Library data wherever a user has a Web connection," said CDS Chief Peter Today Young. "Pending the results of the pilot, Classification Web may be America's offered as a subscription service." Library American Classification Web speeds the process of verifying and assigning Memory Library of Congress classification numbers to library materials. It Exhibitions allows the user to view a full-text class schedule display of the data THOMAS and hypertext links within and between classes and subclasses. Copyright Office Search and navigation tools enable the user to perform key word and Collections & phrase searches across all classes. Along with automatic calculation Services of table numbers, MARC classification records, personal notes and Home related Library of Congress Subject Headings are accessible online.

CDS publishes the Library's cataloging publications for the library awing Around community. For additional information about the pilot test, visit the Help & FAQs CDS Web site or contact: Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, Customer Services Section, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Search the Site Washington, DC 20541-4912. Telephone: (800) 255-3666 (toll-free in Site Map U.S.), outside U.S.: (202) 707-6100. Fax: (202) 707-1334. E-mail: Search the [email protected] Catalog

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/classification_schedules.html (1 of 2) [3/15/02 1:50:46 PM] 59 Library Tests Classification Schedules Online

Mr. Mashon is a curator in the Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division.

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6 0 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/classification_schedules.html (2 of 2) [3/15/02 1:50:46 PM] Libraq Sponsors Event on Role in Muslim Societies The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin January 2001 Globalization and Law Library Sponsors Event on Role in Muslim Societies

BY MARY-JANE DEEB

CURRENT ISSUE On Dec. 7 the Library's African and Middle Eastern Division and the

PREVIOUS NEXT Office of Scholarly Programs co-sponsored a conference on ARECLE ARTICLE "Globalization and Law in Muslim Societies." The conference was part of a series of symposia on globalization in Muslim societies made The Library of Congress possible by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. WEB SITE The keynote speaker, Ibrahim Shihata, who retired in 2000 from the The Library World Bank, where he was senior vice president and general counsel, Today was introduced by Carolyn Brown, assistant librarian for Library America's Services and acting director of Area Studies Collections. Mr. Shihata's Library address, "Globalization and Islamic Law: Some Comments," provided American a broad picture of the development of Muslim law as it adapted to the Memory requirements of international trade over the centuries. He pointed out Exhibitions that a number of commercial terms that are used even today come THOMAS fr^m tha Arabic, such as the word "check" from the Arabic "sag." Copyright Office Collections & With the subsequent introduction of law in many Muslim Services countries, Islamic law became isolated from the new social realities Home and confined primarily to matters of personal status, inheritance, legacy and waqf (religious trust). The Islamic law of transactions,

GmingAround however, could be readily adapted to modern conditions, Mr. Shihata argued, especially if its rules are codified to allow for uniform Help & FAQs application. He concluded that "Islamic countries cannot, and should Search the Site not, insulate their respective economies from the world economy.... Site Map They should take full advantage of the unprecedented expansion in Search the world trade and investment, fully recognizing the monetary value of Catalog time and reflecting it in their transactions."

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/globalization jaw.html (1 of 4) [3/15/02 1:50:49 PM] 61 Library Sponsors Event on Role in Muslim Societies The first panel, "Muslims in Courts," was chaired by Ms. Brown and included Lawrence Rosen, chair of the Anthropology Department at ; Azizah al-Hibri, professor of law at the University of Richmond; and Richard Freeland, a lawyer, journalist and visiting researcher in the Islamic Legal Studies Program of the Harvard Law School. The panel focused on a micro level, on personal-status laws in the United States and the Muslim world. The dominant argument was that with globalization and the increase in the number of cases of intermarriage between members of societies with different systems of iaw, both Muslim and Western laws are accommodating the new needs arising from the application of different laws when those marriages fail.

The second panel looked at changes occurring at the macro level in the Middle East. It focused on "Islamic Law and Trade, Governance and Human Rights."

Frank E. Vogel, director of the Islamic Legal Studies Program at the Harvard Law School, discussed the persistence of Islamic commercial law in a number of countries of the region, including , despite the changes introduced by globalization.

David L. Khairallah, former deputy legal counsel at the World Bank and now with the law firm of White and Case, was critical of the political systems in the region but maintained that globalization is accelerating change "toward a rational participatory system of government where rulers are accountable and citizens enjoy basic rights and freedoms and are fully protected by the rule of law."

Finally, Maryam Elahi, director of the Human Rights Program at Trinity College in Connecticut, argued that, although human rights organizations in the Middle East are led by the elite and focus primarily on a narrow range of issues such as the fate of political prisoners, globalization has made it possible for such organizations to receive resources, recognition and support from international organizations and states.

The afternoon panel, chaired by Prosser Gifford, the Library's director of the Office of Scholarly Programs, focused on case studies meant to illustrate how globalization has affected legal systems and the study and practice of law in the Muslim world.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/globalization_law.html (2 of 4) [3/15/02 1:50:49 PM] 62 Librar57 Sponsors Event on Role in Muslim Societies Don Wallace Jr., professor of Law at , was very critical of both 's and Turkey's ability to let the private sector operate independently. He talked of the need to allow lawyers involved in commercial disputes to work freely to settle matters without state interference and maintained that pressures from global institutions such as the World Trade Organization would eventually make that possible.

The case of Malaysia was presented by Osman Bin Bakar, chair of Islam in Southeast Asia and visiting professor at the Center for Muslim- Christian Understanding. He argued that the country was moving aggressively to be in the forefront of the communications revolution, even creating a multimedia city, Cyberjaya, to service not only Malaysia but other parts of Southeast Asia as well. To placate Islamic religious institutions that view the impact of globalization as a form of cultural invasion from the West, the Malaysian government built a beautiful, high-tech multimedia mosque at the center of the new city.

The last presentation was made by Lesley Wilkins, bibliographer for law of the Islamic World at the Harvard Law School Library, who described the enormous number of sources on Islamic law now available online and the materials made available not only by academic and religious institutions but also by various Islamic groups around the world.

Ms. Deeb is an Arab world area specialist in the African and Middle Eastern Division. She chaired the panel nn "Iglamic Law and Trade, Governance and Human Rights."

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p The LIBRARY qf CONGRESS Information'Olefin January 2001 Unpublished Hurston

Un(Armloki4:41 .1.114011-1ial Zora Neale Hurston Play Read at Library

ri BY HELEN DALRYMPLE

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Library 111111111.1.-._ American Memory Exhibitions THOMAS Copyright Office Playwright Zora Neale Hurston Collections & Services Big Sweet, Dicey, Lonnie and My Honey took center stage at the Home Coolidge Auditorium on Dec. 11 and 12, when 19 performers from the Arena Stage did a concert reading of Zora Neale Hurston's unpublished play Polk County after only nine hours of rehearsal time. awing Around

Help & FAQs The event, which nearly filled the Coolidge Auditorium for both performances, was a co-production of Arena Stage in Washington and Search the Site the Library of Congress in celebration of the Library's Bicentennial and Site Map the 50th anniversary of Arena Stage. It was made possible in part Search the through an award to Alice Birney, the specialist in American literary Catalog and cultural history in the Manuscript Division, from the James H. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/unpublished_hurston.html (1 of 5) [3/15/02 1:50:54 PM] 65 Unpublished Hurston Billington Endowment, funded by the generous support of Madison Council members Abraham and Julienne Krasnoff.

Characterized as "a comedy of Negro life in a sawmill camp" by Ms. Hurston and her collaborator, Dorothy Waring, the play was copyrighted in 1944 but never published or produced professionally. The was one of 10 "rediscovered" Hurston plays in the Library's Copyright Deposit Drama Collections brought to light in 1997 by retired copyright specialist John J. Wayne.

Once Alice Birney started publicizing the discovery, scholarly interest in the scripts was overwhelming.

"The discovery of the unpublished Hurston play scripts radically changed scholarly appraisal of this important Renaissance author," said Ms. Birney. "It now seems that the theater may have been her best medium for integrating folklore, autobiography and music. Hurtson's goal to create a 'new Negro art theater' was brilliantly demonstrated in this concert reading. Rather than musicals, her plays are comedies with musictheater about peoplefor whom making music was a natural and important part of their lives. It has been gratifying to co-produce this production that brought the pages to life."

Cathy Madison, literary manager at Arena Stage, was one of the earliest readers of the typescripts and soon chose Polk County as the one that she thought would work best as a cooperativeventure between the theater and the Library. This spring, Arena Stage Artistic Director Molly Smith met with Diane Kresh, director for Public Service Collections at the library, and they agreed to join forces on a reading of the play.

"Our Literary Manager Cathy Madison and Director Kyle Donnelly have been fascinated with Polk County since Cathy's first introduction to it," said Ms. Smith. "Hearing the vibrant voice of Zora Neale Hurston through this wonderful group of actors is reason for celebration. This program by the Library of Congress [affects] American Theater everywhere."

The setting: the Lofton Lumber Co. big mill and quarters deep in the primeval woods of south central .

On stage: 19 actors sit in chairs in a semicircle, each with a music

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/unpublished_hurston.html (2 of 5) [3/15/02 1:50:54 PM] 66 Unpublished Hurston stand and script in front of them. Two of them hold guitars. They are all dressed in black except for the actress who plays the voodoo - queen, Ella Wall; she sports a bright purple cloak.

The play is in three acts. Through Zora Neale Hurston's words, using only their own voices, a few songs and body language, the actors are able to bring to life the characters of Polk County and convey the complex interplay among the members of this sawmill community. Archival audio clips of Ms. Hurston's singing voice add texture and authenticity to the event.

Big Sweet is the strong, dominant female figure who keeps everyone in line in the camp. Lonnie, the dreamer and one of the hardest working men in the camp, is her sweetheart. Dicey is jealous of Big Sweet. When newcomer Leafy Lee comes into the camp to learn their music, Big Sweet shows her tender side and takes her under her wing. Leafy quickly captures the heart of My Honey, whom Dicey (without justification) considers to be her man, and the vitriol begins to flow.

Ida Elrod Eustis, a Library staffer in the Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division of the Congressional Research Service, played the supporting role of Bunch. She said she has been acting in area theaters for the past 25 years and usually appears in one production a year at the Arena Stage. "It was a lot of fun," she said. "Hurston did a really good job with that script."

Asked how the actors could be so successful in "becoming" the rtnrnr*ters without costumes, sets or movement around the stage, Ms. Eustis said, "You put yourself in that scene, and even without sets and costumes you can get the idea across to the audience. You want to do as much as you can to make the scene come alive."

Zora Neale Hurston, who died in 1960, was an , novelist and folklorist as well as a playwright. She was born not far from Eatonville, Fla., America's first black incorporated town, and she drew on the culture in which she grew up for the characters and stories in her plays. Director Kyle Donnelly observed during the question period following the production on Dec. 11 that Hurston's work documented real women like those in Polk County. "She knew a Big Sweet and a Dicey," said Ms. Birney. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/unpublished_hurston.html (3 of 5) [3/15/02 1:50:54 PM] 67 Unpublished Hurston Hurston studied anthropology under at . She conducted folklore studies in the South during the 1920s and made folk recordings there and in the Caribbean area with Alan Lomax between 1935 and 1939 during her association with the Archive of American Folk Song at the Library of Congress.

The objective of the two evenings of Hurston readings was not only to expose patrons to the play itself, but also to give them an opportunity to view some items about Hurston from the Library's collections in a small display in the foyer of the auditorium and to watch archival footage that Hurston herself shot during her folklore travels in the South in 1929. This footage was saved by anthropologist Margaret Mead and donated to the Library.

Items in the display included the original script of Polk County; a Hurston letter to B.A. Botkin of the Archive of American Folk Song expressing her views on race relations in America; the first page of a seven-page typescript Hurston prepared on a "Proposed Recording Expedition into the " in her role as "Negro editor of the Florida Project" of the Work Projects Administration; photographs of and by Hurston; and two cardboard film containers for some of the 16mm footage Hurston made to document activities during her folklore collecting trips.

"What would you take away from the play? How would you describe it"? asked Cathy Madison of the audience members who stayed to discuss the production the first evening.

Answers included "the euu of community" that Hurston conveyed through the play; the way "Zora created such wonderful women characters"; "a love story and not just between the men and the women but also caring between the men"; the strong senseof moral issues; the storytelling; the earthiness of the language; and the joy and fun the characters were able to make for themselves even in the midst of hardship.

Celebrating its 50th anniversary during the 2000-2001 season, Arena Stage is the oldest and largest of the Washington area's not-for-profit producing theaters. Founded in 1950 by Zelda and Thomas Fichandler and Edward Mangum, Arena was one of the original leaders of the resident theater movement and is still widely regarded by its national peers as the flagship of the American not-for-profit

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/unpublished_hurston.html (4 of 5) [3/15/02 1:50:54 PM] 68 Unpubilshed Hurston theater. Under the leadership of Artistic Director Molly Smith, Arena Stage has as one of its artistic goals to firmly establish the theater as an artistic home for American playwrights and as a center for the development of new dramatic works in the United States.

Ms. Dalrymple is a senior public affairs specialist in the Public Affairs Office. F

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The LIBRARY 01 C ONGRE S

2 Information Bulletin

Piqr 4-1) January 2001 .4? Library Hosts Copyright

iltiNvywhititlt1 [banalito aiken Symposium r 1.

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The Library_ Today America's Library American Memory Photo by Lisa Whittle Exhibitions THOMAS tikr. Porfirirvnn+alvivi-411.., 11%." ILGIIctwaucie vvpyi ILILute (from Copyright Office left): Pushpendra Rai, deputy director of the World Intellectual Collections & Property Organization Worldwide Academy; Xinia Montano, Costa Services Rica; Do Khac Chien, ; Henry Olsson, Ministry of Justice, Home ; Pei Edwin Gausi, Liberia; Kajit Sukhum, Thailand; Gao Hang, WIPO; Nawal Mahmoud El Sayed El Hawary, Egypt; Ruben

Calling Around Trajman, Peru; Osvaldo Garay Opazo, Chile; Maria Kolomeytseva, Russian Federation; Mazina Kadir, Trinidad and Help & FAQs Tobago; Oleksiy Kotsyuba; Ukraine; Akalu Wolde Mariam, Search the Site Ethiopia; Eugen Carpov, Republic of ; Marybeth Peters, Site Map ; Maria Kejo, United Republic of ; Search the Slavomir Olsovsky, ; and Xu Chao, . Catalog

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/copyright_symposium.html (1 of 3) [3/15/02 1:50:59 PM] 7 0 Libraryl-losts Copyright Symposium Copyright officials from around the world participated in an international symposium on the effect of technology on copyright and related rights Oct. 30 to Nov. 3. Hosted by the Copyright Office and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), a Geneva-based United Nations organization, the symposium presented the participants with the opportunity to hear from governmental and copyright industry experts on how the digital age is affecting the protection and use of copyrighted works.

Register of Copyrights Marybeth Peters said she hoped the symposium would lead to "understanding and respect for copyrighted works throughout the world."

The symposium was an activity of the International Copyright Institute (ICI), a comprehensive international copyright education program that Congress created within the Copyright Office in 1988. The goal of the ICI is to promote improved copyright protection abroad for U.S. creative works.

Participants were all high-level government officials from countries that are primarily either developing nations or countries making the transition to market economies. In some instances, the nations have copyright laws on the books, but lack enforcement of those laws.

Speakers included representatives of the American , motion picture, software and database, recording and photographic industries.

A major focus of the symposium was the two WiPO "Internet" treaties passed in 1996, the WIPO Copyright Treaty and WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, which deal with protection of works in the digital environment. With the passage of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act in 1998, the United States ratified these treaties. The treaties require ratification by 30 countries for implementation; to date they have been ratified by 19 and 16 nations, respectively. A number of speakers urged ICI participants to take home the message to ratify the treaties.

Ruth Sievers is a writer-editor in the Copyright Office.

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72 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/copyright_symposium.html (3 of 3) [3/15/02 1:50:59 PM] News fl'om the Center for the Book The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Inforthation Bulletin January 2001 News from the Center for the

Lif lisaLlt-h41 Ronk Washington, D.C., Literary Map Published

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The Library Today America's Library American Memory Exhibitions THOMAS Copyright Office Collections & Services This attractive new literary map of metropolitan Washington, D.C., Home authored by Martha Hopkins and published as a joint project of the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress and the

CedingA rou nd Washington chapter of the Women's National Book Association, is available for $7.95. Help & FAQs Search the Site Site Map The Center for the Book and the Washington Chapter of the Women's Search the National Book Association (WNBA) have produced a new literary map Catalog of Metropolitan Washington that locates more than 90 sites associated with authors who have lived in the Washington area. Martha Hopkins http://www.Ioc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cfb.html (1 of 5) [3/15/02 1:51:02 PM] 73 News from the Center for the Book of the Library's Interpretive Programs Office is the map's author. Its publication continues a Center for the Book project launched in 1992 to promote literary maps as valuable educational tools.

The new map includes portraits of , Frederick Douglass, Paul Laurence Dunbar, , , , Archibald MacLeish, Katherine Anne Porter, Ezra Pound, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Mark Twain, Walt Whitman and Eleanor Wylie. Additional information on the map is divided into these categories: "Biographical Information on Authors," "Authors Born in the Area," "Authors Buried in Washington and Vicinity," "Other Places with Literary Connections," "A Selective List of Books Set in Washington" and "Sources."

A Literary Map of Metropolitan Washington, D.C. was previewed on Nov. 1 at a Library of Congress program sponsored by the Center for the Book, the WNBA Washington Chapter and the new District of Columbia Center for the Book, located at the Martin Luther King Jr. Library. Featured speaker Martha Hopkins used illustrations from the book Language of the Land: The Library of Congress Book of Literary Maps (Library of Congress, 1999) to discuss literary maps as a genre and introduce the Washington, D.C., map. Prior to the program, WNBA Washington Chapter President Eileen Hanning and Sheila Harrington of Studio Five, who designed and illustrated the map, presented Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole with the original artwork. Mr. Cole said the artwork would be added to the Library's collections and also noted that the Washington map was the fourth new literary map added to the collections since the publication of the h^^k Language of the Land, by Ms. Hopkins and Michael Buscher of the Geography and Map Division. The other maps are the Kentucky Literary Map, produced by the Kentucky Council Teachers of English/Language Arts and the Kentucky Center for the Book at the Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives; Montana's Millennial Literary Map, produced by the Montana Association of Teachers of Arts, with partial funding from the Montana Center for the Book and the Montana Humanities Committee; and A Reader's Map of Rhode Island, by C.D. Wright.

A Literary Map of Metropolitan Washington, D.C. is 26-by-19 inches and printed on both sides. It costs $7.95 and is available in the Library of Congress Sales Shop (credit card orders: 202-707-0204) and in bookstores and museum shops throughout the Washington area. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cfb.html (2 of 5) [3/15/02 1:51:02 PM] 74 News ffbm the Center for the Book

Celebrating,the Freedom to Read

Photo by John Y. Cole

American Library Association President Nancy Kranich is interviewed by a reporter at the

.1011116. Sept. 95 "FrRAdom tn RPnri" event hosted by the Center for the Book.

"Banned Books WeekCelebrating the Freedom to Read," the annual observance that reminds Americans not to take the freedom to read for granted," was launched in the Library's Madison Hall on Sept. 25. The program, sponsored by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress, featured remarks by Dr. Billington; former Rep. Patricia Schroeder, president of the Association of American Publishers (AAP); Nancy Kranich, president of the American Library Association (ALA); and Chris Finan of the American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression. A highlight was the presentation by of medals to four "Banned Books Week Heroes," two adults and two young people, who were lauded for opposing challenges in their communities to the popular Harry Potter book series. The heroes program was created by AAP, ALA and the American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression.

Photo by Lynn Dykstra, Focused Image Photography

"Banned Books Week heroes" accept their honors in front of the of James Madison in the Library's Madison Memorial Hall. They are (from left): Nancy Zennie, Julia Mayebohn, Billy Smith and Mary Dana.

This year's Banned Books Week theme was "Fish in the River of Knowledge." Across the nation, many bookstores, schools and http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cfb.html (3 of 5) [3/15/02 1:51:02 PM] 75 News flit= the Center for the Book libraries presented special displays and events featuring the theme and readings from banned or challenged books. The American Library Association's Office of Intellectual Freedom published a list of the 100 most frequently challenged books of the decade. For more information visit the American Library Association's Web site at www.ala.org/bbooks.

Favorite Poem Update

Through its networks of affiliated state ,x-ctPOEMP 0 centers and national reading promotion partners, the Center for the Book continues to support "Favorite Poem" readings at libraries around the country. On June 14, the national center, the Chicago and the Center for the Book sponsored a favorite poem reading at the Chicago Public Library. Organized by Library of Congress Witter Bynner fellow Joshua Weiner, the program featured readings by 14 Chicagoans, including Studs Terkel, Chicago Public Library Commissioner Mary Dempsey, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times and representatives from Young Chicago Authors, the Operation Push Coalition, the Mexican Fine Arts Center and the Neighborhood Writing Alliance.

San Antonio author and poet Naomi Shihab Nye, the Library of Congress's other Witter Bynner fellow for 2000, hosted a Favorite Poem reading at the San Antonio Pubiic Library on Nov. 9. The Texas Center for the Book was one of the sponsors. More than a dozen residents of San Antonio read and talked about their favorite poems, which included song lyrics, a Shakespeare sonnet, verse in Spanish and Bangladeshi, poems from the Texas Hill Country and a selection of "favorite lines" from .

The evening closed with a selection from the Favorite Poem video produced by former Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky and seen both on the "Jim Lehrer News Hour" on PBS Television and at the presentation of the Favorite Poem videos and tapes to the Library of Congress on April 3, 2000 (see the Information Bulletin, May 2000). Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole introduced the programs in both Chicago and San Antonio.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cfb.html (4 of 5) [3/15/02 1:51:02 PM] 7 6 News eit-om the Center for the Book

Utah Book Awards

On Nov. 17 at the Public Library, Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole announced the winners of the Annual Utah Book Awards. The awards program, now in its second year, is a project of the Utah Center for the Book. The winners were: Nonfiction, Leap, by Terry Tempest Williams; Fiction, The Time of the Little Black Bird, by Helen Papanikolas; and Poetry, Easing into the Light, by Kollete Montague. The Salt Lake City Public Library is the home of the Utah Center for the Book, and staff member Debra Olson serves as the center's coordinator. The center's advisory board includes representatives from the Utah Arts Council, the Utah Humanities Council, the Utah State Library, the University of Utah's Marriott Library and Utah's community of writers, book sellers and publishers.

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77 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0101/cfb.html (5 of 5) [3/15/02 1:51:02 PM] LC Information Bulletin - February 2001

rha LIBRARY of CONGRESS NtOFCO), Information gico Bulletin

February 2001 Vol. 60, No. 2

Library of Congress Bicentennial 1800- 2000 INDEX PAGE

PREVIOUS NEXT ON THE COVER ISSUE ISSUE The Library celebrated its Bicentennial with a series of special programs, concerts and symposia. Me LI brary vf Congress WEB SITE

The Library Cover Story Today The year 2000 was a year of growth and celebration at the library. America's Library Final Budget American Congress approved the Library's budget for fiscal year 2001. Memory Exhibitions 'Telling America's Stories' THOMAS The Center for the Book and the American Folklife Center are sponsoring a new national reading promotion campaign. Copyright Office Collections & Services Red Ink The Library has opened for research copies of the records of the Communist Party Home USA.

Getting Around Daring Dancer A $1 million grant will support a program to purchase the archives of dancer Help & FAQs . Search the Site Site Map Conservation Corner Search the Library conservators have treated 's first inaugural address. Catalog http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/index.html (1 of 2) [3/15/02 1:52:12 PM] 7 8 LC Information Bulletin - February 2001 Solemnly Swearing An online collection features highlights of presidential inaugurations past and present.

Electronic Registration The Copyright Office has signed an agreement with the National Music Publisher's Association to register and deposit musical works via the Internet.

Changing Technology Retiring Information Technology Services Director Herb Becker looks back on 15 years of technological change at the Library.

Open Society George Soros discussed his views on global capitalism at the Library on Jan. 22.

'Frontiers' Update New maps and photos have been added to the Library's "Meeting of Frontiers" web site.

New from the National Library Service Beowulf in and recorded sound; and the history and significance of braille.

Digital Futures The Library sponsored a workshop of library professionals on identifying and developing competencies in digital futures environment of libraries.

News from the Center for the Book

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7 9 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/index.htm I (2 of 2) [3/15/02 1:52:12 PM] Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review The LIBRARY qf CONGRESS Informationulletin February 200 Celebration and Growth The Year in Review

BY AUDREY FISCHER

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The Library of Congress r WEB SITE 44. if's :1 The Library '4111)II Today America's Photo By Ira Lax Library American A new Web site for children and familes (left) and a nationwide Memory program celebrating American folklife (right, Jimmy Garrison at the Exhibitions Ann Arbor Jazz and Blues Festival) were among the highlights of the THOMAS Library's Bicentennial year. Copyright Office Collections & Services With a theme of "Libraries, Creativity, Liberty," the Library's Bicentennial Home in 2000 provided a unique opportunity to feature the Library's collections, its role in American life and the importance of libraries in a democratic society as providers of free and open access to knowledge Cien.ing Around and information.

Help & FAQs While celebrating its 200th birthday, on April 24, the Library continued t Search the Site implement a new Integrated Library System (ILS), administered a Site Map Russian Leadership Program that brought emerging Russian political Search the leaders to the United States to observe the workings of democratic Catalog institutions and increased the physical security of the Library's collections, facilities, staff and computer resources.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (1 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM)8 0 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review

The Library also received a number of important new acquisitions, improved service to Congress and the nation through the use of technology and continued to make more of its vast resources available electronically on its celebrated World Wide Web site. At year's end, the Library reached its five-year goal of making freely available 5 million items on the its Web site (www.loc.gov) by 2000 as a gift to the nation.

Bicentennial

The Library celebrated its Bicentennial with a wide array of programs and activities held April 24 and throughout the year.

New Web Site. "America's Library," a new, easy-to-use Web site for children and families, was launched during a news conference on April 24. Accessible at www.americaslibrary.gov, the site makes learning about history fun through stories accompanied by photographs, maps, prints, manuscripts, and audio and video recordings from the Library's collections. With donated media and creative advice contributed through the nonprofit Advertising Council as part of its Children's Initiative effort, the site was developed and promoted through a nationwide public service campaign with the tagline: "There is a better way to have fun with history. Log On. Play Around. Learn Something." Through public service advertising on the Internet, television and radio, the site received more than $17 million in free advertising last year.

Cnmmpmnrativp Stamp and Cninc AA rPrPrnnniPc hofri in the Great Hall on April 24, the U.S. Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp and the U.S. Mint issued bimetallic and silver commemorative coins. Some 46,000 stamps were sold on that day, and, beginning on April 25, more than 200 libraries in 43 states held second-day issue events for the stamp. The U.S. Mint experienced record-breaking sales for a first-day launch event and by year's end had sold 251,548 silver coins and 34,571 bimetallic coins, with a potential surcharge of nearly $3 million to fund Library programs.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (2 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] 81 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review

Photo by Fern Underdue

A commemorative stamp (with cachets, left) and two Bicentennial coins were popular at the Library and across the nation.

National Birthday Celebration. A national birthday celebration attended by more than 5,000 people was held on the East Front lawn of the Capitol on April 24. Among the program's celebrities were political analyst , who served as master of ceremonies; Gen. Colin Powell, retired chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Roger Baum, great- grandson of L. Frank Baum, author of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz; children's author and illustrator Maurice Sendak; magician and illusionist David Copperfield and Big Bird of "Sesame Street." The U.S. Army Blues Band and a host of other artists provided a variety of American music in a concert led by former Grateful Dead musician Mickey Hart. Honored at the event were 84 "Living Legends" selected by the Library for their significant contributions to American life.

82 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (3 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review

The Library honored more than 80 "Living Legends."

Local Legacies. Working through their members of Congress and with local organizations and groups, people from all walks of life documented America's cultural heritage at the turn of the millennium as part of the Local Legacies project. All told, 414 of the 535 members of Congress registered nearly 1,300 Local Legacies projects from every state, trust, territory and the District of Columbia. Four thousand Americans provided photographs, written documentation, sound and video recordings, newspaper clippings, posters and other materials as part of their projects. By year's end, the nearly1,000 projects that were received by the Library became a permanent part of the American Folk life Center collections.

Photos by Yusef El-Amin & Lyne Ellis

Sen. Ted Stevens (R-) congratulates Dr. Billington on the success of the Local Legacies project; a scenefrom a New Hampshire pie-eating contest from thatproject

Exhibitions. The premier Bicentennial exhibition, "Thomas Jefferson," opened on April 24 with treasures from the collections illuminating the legacy of the third president of the United States. Included in the exhibition was Jefferson's personal library, the seed from which the Library's present-day collections grew. The Jefferson exhibition joined "The Wizard of Oz: An American Fairy Tale," which opened on April 21, as one of two Bicentennial exhibitions mounted in2000. These two exhibitions, along with two mounted in 1999, "The Work of Charles and Ray Eames: A Legacy of Invention" and "John

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (4 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] 83 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review Bull and Uncle Sam: Four Centuries of British-American Relations," reflected the Bicentennial theme of "Libraries, Creativity, Liberty."

Publications. Four Bicentennial publications were issued during the year. America's Library: The Story of the Library of Congress, 1800-2000 by James Conaway is the first full narrative history of the Library of Congress in more than half a century. Thomas Jefferson: Genius of Liberty, a companion volume to the Bicentennial exhibition, examines the life of a central figure in the history of the Library of Congress and the nation. The Library of Congress: An Architectural Alphabet is a visual introduction to the art and architecture of the Jefferson Building. The Nation's Library: The Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., is the Library's first guidebook in more than a decade.

Symposia and Concerts. Several Bicentennial symposia were held during the year. The Congressional Research Service hosted a two-day symposium (Feb. 29-March 1) titled "Informing Congress and the Nation." Open to members of Congress and their staff, the symposium included sessions on the ways Congress gathered information in its legislative role during the 19th century, the evolution of the informing function in the contemporary Congress, and the relationship between the Library and Congress. Co-sponsored by the Law Library of Congress and the New York University School of Law on March 7-10, "Democracy and the Rule of Law in a Changing World Order" examined the relationship between the rule of iaw and the spread of democracy. "Poetry and the American People: Reading, Voice and Publications in the 19th and 20th Centuries" was cosponsored by the Library, the Poetry Society of America and the Academy of American Poets on April 4. The role of national libraries was explored in a symposium held at the Library on Oct. 23-27 titled "National Libraries of the World: Interpreting the Past, Shaping the Future." Preservation and security were the focus of "To Preserve and Protect: The Strategic Stewardship of Cultural Resources," a symposium held at the Library on Oct. 30-31. The final Bicentennial symposium, "BiOographic Control for the New Millennium: Confronting the Challenges of Networked Resources and the Web," was held on Nov. 15-17.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (5 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] 84 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review The multiyear concert series, "I Hear America Singing," continued through the year with musical events featuring the work of American composers Cole Porter, Richard Rodgers, Jerome Kern and Stephen Sondheim, whose 70th birthday was commemorated with a musical tribute held at the Library on May 22.

Gifts to the Nation. The Gifts to the Nation program brought special donations and historically significant items to the collections, including Harry A. Blackmun's papers; the first American Haggadah; a letter of Beethoven's; a Persian celestial globe; a survey of land in Frederick County, Va., signed by George Washington; and James E. Hinton's 1960s civil rights photographs. Started with a $1 million contribution from Gene and Jerry Jones, the effort to re-create Jefferson's library was undertaken as a Bicentennial initiative. Eighty- three embassies also presented more than 1,200 items to the Library as part of the International Gifts to the Nation Project.

-

Photos by Christina Tyler Wenks, Susan Davis International, Natalie J. Evans, and Paul Hogroian

Bob Weir (clockwise from bottom left), the Eastern High School Choir and the Saturday Night Live Band; Big Bird; Cokie Roberts; the Kan Kouran West African Dance Group; and Tito Puente were just a few of the performers at the Library's Bicentennial birthday party, held April 24, on the East Front lawn of the U.S. Capitol.

Legislative Support to Congress

85 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (6 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review Serving Congress is the Library's highest priority. During the year, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) delivered nearly 598,000 research responses to members and committees of Congress. CRS provided information on matters ranging from agriculture to taxation and trade, from China to Kosovo, and Internet technology to Social Security, Medicare and related issues. CRS also assisted Congress as it considered reforms in the areas of aviation, bankruptcy, campaign finance, education and health care.

The Law Library kept members of Congress and their staffs informed o developments around the world through the monthly World Law Bulletin and the Foreign Law Briefs, a new research series produced exclusivel for Congress. The Law Library staffed answered nearly 3,800 in-person reference requests from congressional users and produced 581 written reports for Congress, including comprehensive multinational studies on issues such as human rights, health care and crime.

The Copyright Office provided policy advice and technical assistance to Congress on important copyright laws and related issues such the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, the Intellectual Property and Communications Omnibus Reform Act, and the copying and transmittin of sound recordings over the Internet. The Copyright office also responded to numerous congressional inquiries about domestic and international copyright law and registration and recordation of works of authorship.

Russian Leadership Program

Photo by Neshan Naltchayan

Hand-painted Persian celestial wooden globe, ca. 1650, a "gift to the nation."

Now in its second year, the Russian Leadership Program brought more than 1,600 Russian political, civic, business and intellectual leaders to the United States in 2000 to observe the workings of democratic institutions. Administered by the Library of Congress, the program has enabled nearly 4,000 participants from to visit 48 states and the District o Columbia during the past two years. At year's end, funding was

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (7 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] .8-6 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review approved for a third year, as part of the Library's fiscal 2001 budget appropriation signed by the president on Dec. 21 (Public Law 106-554). This same law authorized the creation of a Center for Russian Leadership in the Legislative Branch-independent from the Library-to implement the exchange program in the future.

Integrated Library System

,-.1.C.:.-Zil .z.. ...-- .i...... -4,',. .:44.2.2

"4.fer..!.11..1.1.%'.:.1: Thie opening screen of tl-ie a-, alitinia Cat:010a Library's comprehensive online , rT.,41.ir,..,7,- N - 1 4-L4 *4.9440.. 4*4. :-...... I ...U....dad...... de. catalog, made possible through 17.., .160. Caaaaart, A the successful implementation of

...ea.. 1.... eel,. nand I. IDw-d a; .!,w4 1.e. If!=11-6.dta.:.:1,KL1.1.,..i'd adl, the Library's Integrated Library ro. rikri ,m)Rai* am am Cu.... 40 ...idea., 11-,...11.1E1(.....au!4 ,., t,L. ,....1 _.s..'..ii .. tk.t.-5.is .4 ....46.,,...Tag,46 System (ILS) project .4. .c...... 1...... II, ..i,iipiiiiriA...4, r....j a.., .._I d saal...digamtatai tua a Re +a- IF .ar.4 heu.....Ameri la F. .laid.a.,4 Ull...d.:. tun .i. data wra sod ...di. lid *mud. Having successfully completed initial implementation of all module of the Integrated Library System (cataloging, circulation, acquisitions and serials check-in modules, online public access catalog), online access to the MUMS legacy system was turned off on Jan. 11, 2000. On Aug. 21, the Library officially accepted the new system after extensive testing and 40 consecutive days of acceptable response times.

During the year, the Library and the ILS software vendor, Endeavor, identified, tracked, resolved and reported on software problems and implemented solutions. The Library added a test server and software to !ppnrt system roPrfnrrnnnr.0 rrrnitoring and staffed a help desk. At year's end, preparations were under way to expand Library-wide use of the ILS by establishing databases for the Congressional Research Service and the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.

Financial Highlights

In February 2000 the Library's independent accountants, Clifton Gunderson LLC, issued an unqualified "clean" audit opinion on the Library's fiscal year 1999 Consolidated Financial Statements. In additio to the fourth consecutive "clean" audit opinion, the auditors found no material internal control weaknesses.

87 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (8 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19PM] Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review Improved Service to Congress and The Nation Through Technology

The Library continued to improve its cataloging, copyright, research, management and information delivery systems through the developmen and use of technology. Specific achievements in 2000 include:

Legislative Information System. The year began with a Y2K- cornpliant Legislative Information System (LIS) for the exchange of data among the House, Senate and Library of Congress. The focus of development for the LIS during 2000 was the implementation of backup and recovery processes and the implementation of additional security controls. Accomplishments included the establishment of backup servers, installation of system monitoring software, improvements in the Library's firewall and the development of methods to test the integrity of data. A number of enhancements were also made, including summaries of committee sessions.

Electronic Briefing Books. The Congressional Research Service continued to develop one of its newest products, the electronic briefing book, by preparing new interactive briefings on trade and K-12 education. Briefings on other topics of continuing congressional interest were continually updated.

National Digital Library Program. At year's end, 5.6 million items were available on the Library's Web site, including 1.1 million items from collaborating institutions. Durinci the year, more than 20 multimedia historical collections were added to the Library's American Memory Web site, bringing the total to 90. Included in this total are 12 collections from institutions that participated in the Ameritech program. Through this cooperative program, a total of 33 institutions received $1.75 million to digitize their historical collections and make them available through the Library's American Memory Web site.

During the year, the Digital Futures Group, composed of senior Library managers, completed its work begun in 1998 to develop a five-year digital library strategy that emphasizes content development (especially content created in electronic format), access and the creation of a comprehensive and stable digital library infrastructure capable of managing new http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (9 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM) 88 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review and more diverse kinds of electronic content. Concurrently, the Librarian of Congress commissioned a study of its future in the digital age from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to study the Library's readiness for the digital age. Released in July 2000, the NAS's report, LC21: A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress, strongly encouraged the Library to pursue aggressively its strategy for acquiring, describing and preserving electronic journals and books, Web sites and links, databases and other materials created and distributed only in electronic format. /-:s part of its fiscal 200A1 budget appropriation, the Library may have as much as $98.8 million to develop a nationwide collecting strategy and repository for digital material (for details, see budget story on page 27).

Internet Resources. The Library continued to provide more information to Congress and the nation with its Internet-based systems. The Library's Web site was continually cited for excellence in 2000 and was included on many "best of' lists, including USA Today, Yahoo and The Scout Report. Throughout the year, close to 1 billion transactions were recorded on the Library's public electronic systems. The THOMAS public legislative information system continued to be an enormously popular resource, with nearly 13 million system transactions logged on average each month-up from 10 million monthly transactions in 1999. Use of the American Memory historical collections increased by more than 25 percent-from an average of 15 million monthly transactions during 1999 to 19 million per month in 2000. America's Library, the Library's new Web site for children and families, recorded more than 60 million hits in 2000 during just eight months of availability. The site received several awards, including the "Standard of Excellence" award from the Web Marking Association and the "2000 New Media Invision Bronze Award for Best Education Site for Kids" from Hypermedia Communications.

CORDS. Developed in collaboration with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and Corporation for National Research Initiatives, the Copyright Office Electronic Registration, Recordation and Deposit System (CORDS) was designed to help the Copyright Office streamline its internal registration, recordation and deposit processes, as well as provide the Library with copies of new copyrighted works in digital form for its National Digital Library repository. During http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (10 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19Piv19 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review the year, the Copyright Office continued to develop, test and enhance the basic CORDS production system and systematically build toward national implementation in 2003 for electronic registration and deposit of copyrighted works over the Internet. In April 2000 the Copyright Office began CORDS production processing with the Harry Fox Agency, the licensing subsidiary of the National Music Publishers Association, together with four music publishers. The Copyright Office also continued its collaboration with Bell and Howell Information and Learning (previ-ously kil0WrI EIS Urvii), a national publisher of digital dissertations and a major submitter of copyright applications, using the CORDS system-to-system communications processing capability for electronic registration and deposit of about 20,000 dissertations per year.

Global Legal Information System (GLIN). GLIN is a cooperative international network in which nations are contributing the full, authentic text of and regulations to a database managed by the Law Library of Congress.Two new member countries were added during the year,bringing the total to 14 countries participating via the Internet.

Collaborative Digital Reference Service (CDRS). With a goal of providing professional reference service to researchers any time, anywhere, through an international, digital network of libraries and related institutions, the Collaborative Digital Reference Service (CDRS) pilot project was launched in 2000. The program is piloting the use of new technologies to provide reference service online by taking advantage of electronic and physical resources and collections held by libraries around the world. Now in its third phase, the pilot project, which began with 16 participating libraries and the Library of Congress, has expanded to include more than 60 libraries and other institutions internationally. When fully implemented, participating libraries will assist their users by connecting to the CDRS to send questions that are best answered by the expert staff of CDRS member institutions from around the world, including the national libraries of and .

Geographic Information Systems. The Geography and Map Division (G&M) continued to work closely with the National Digital Library Program to digitize cartographic materials for electronic access throughout the nation. In cooperation with

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (11 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] 90 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review the Congressional Research Service and the Congressional Relations Office, G&M produced customized maps and geographic information for members of Congress. Working with private-sector partners, G&M continued to expand a collection of large-format images available through the Internet. During the year, the "U.S. Railroad Maps" digital collection was completed and a project to digitize 1,800 Civil War maps was inaugurated. A special presentation was added to the "Meeting of Frontiers" Web site, including maps from the 17th to the 20th centuries by American, Russian and European cartographers. By year's end, nearly 4,000 maps were made available to the world on the Library's Web site.

Security

During the year, the Library made progress in implementing its security enhancement plan for major physical security improvements, including completion of a preliminary design for a state-of-the-art police communications center and central security system to integrate the Library's intrusion detection and security monitoring systems. The Library also worked toward expanding entry and perimeter security to include installation of additional screening equipment and development of designs for security upgrades of building entrances, exterior monitoring cameras and lighting, and garage and parking lot safeguards. In addition, the Library increased police staffing with the addition of 46 new officers and three administrative personnel. Other major accomplishments included upgrading security controls protecting the Library's most valuable collections; installing security controls protecting high-risk collections on exhibition; allocating 61 secure book carts and five safes to protect high risk collections in Library Services and the Copyright Office; and contracting for random sampling of the Library's collections to produce baselines of and mutilation in selected divisions.

The Library began the year with fully functioning "Y2K compliant" computer systems, having completed a more than two-year-long project to ensure that its 99 mission-critical and 292 nonmission-critical computer systems, as well as its communication systems, would function properly at the turn of the century. Other computer security measures included implementation of a firewall to isolate the Library's private network servers from outside intrusion and installation of hardware and software in the Senate Computer Center as a first step toward a disaster recovery site for THOMAS and the Legislative http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (12 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] 9 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review Information System.

The Collections

Photo by Toby Kinnahan L Thomas Jefferson's library, on display in the Jefferson Building

During the year, the size of the Library's collections grew to nearly 121 million items, an increase of nearly 3 million over the previous year. This figure includes 27.8 million books and other print materials, 54 million manuscripts, 13 million microforms, 4.6 million maps, 4.2 million items in the music collection, and 13.5 million visual materials (photographs, posters, moving images, prints and drawings).

Arrearage Reduction/Cataloging. At year's end, the total arrearage (unprocessed materials) stood at 19,215,629 items, a decrease of 51.6 percent from the 39.7-million-item arrearage at the time of the initial census in September 1989. Staff created cataloging records for 224,544 print volumes and inventory records for an additional 50,275 items. With the Library serving as the secretariat for the international Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC), approximately 350 PCC member institutions created 128,160 name authorities, 8,914 coric ,n1 l+kes.-;+;", 7(11 n-In IeN ,ji L, I:./I UIJ JUL A. OUL1 101 11.1G0, 0 0 Lk./ Classification proposals, 19,744 bibliographic records for serials, and 62,423 bibliographic records for monographs. The Library worked with the bibliographic utilities and libraries with large East Asian collections to replace the outmoded Wade- Giles system for romanization of with the more modern pinyin system. During the year, 156,000 pinyin name and series authority records were loaded into the Integrated Library System.

Secondary Storage. Linked to the Library's arrearage- reduction effort is the development of secondary storage sites to house processed materials and to permit growth of the collection. The architectural team led by Hal Davis of the

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (13 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review Smith Group continued work on the design of the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center at Culpeper, Va., on behalf of the Library and the , with funding from the Packard Humanities Institute, the owners of the facility. Scheduled to open in June 2004, the center will house the Library's collections of film, video, radio and recorded sound and the Library's film and audio video preservation laboratories. The Library also continued to work with the Architect of the Capitol and its contractors to ensure that the first storage module at the Fort Meade, Md., campus wiH meet environmental specifications and be ready for occupancy in March 2001. The module will house 2 million paper-based items in proper containers.

Important New Acquisitions. The Library receives millions of items each year from copyright deposits, from federal agencies, and from purchases, exchanges and gifts. The celebration of the Library's Bicentennial through the Gifts to the Nation program resulted in a year of extraordinary gifts (collections and funds for acquisitions) to the Library, both in number of gifts received and in the importance of each acquisition for the collections. Notable acquisitions during the fiscal year included nearly 100 additional titles that match Thomas Jefferson's original collection; a complete and perfect map describing the whole world (Venice, ca. 1559); the maps drawn by Lafayette's cartographer; the papers of author Philip Roth and of composer-conductor Lucas Foss, the Kenneth Walker Architectural drawings, the letters of poet Edna St. Vincent Mil lay, the first known map of Kentucky, the Coville Photography coiiection, a unique collection of Russian sheet music covers and the film collection of Baron Walter de Mohrenschildt. During the year, the Library also reached agreement on the regular, continuing deposit of the archives of electronic journals published by the American Physical Society; continued its relationship with Pro Quest on cost- effective access to its digital archives of U.S. doctoral dissertations; and built on the existing gift agreement with the to select and acquire open-access Web resources of special interest to the Library-such as theWeb sites of all U. S. presidential candidates.

Preservation

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (14 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] 93 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review The Library took action during 2000 to improve the preservation of its vast and diverse collections by: (1) completing the mass deacidification treatment of 47,736 volumes using the Bookkeeper process; (2) binding 178,593 volumes and labeling 11,598 volumes; (3 expanding the applied internship program to include a photo conservator, the Library's first intern in Preventive Conservation and tw advanced fellows; (4) completing conservation of 700 rare books from the Thomas Jefferson Library for the "Thomas Jefferson" exhibition; (5) completing the digital reformatting of an embrittled 10-volume journal, Garden and Forest, and presenting it as the first complete periodical on the Library's Web site; (6) coordinating the preservation microfilming of 1.6 million pages of historically significant U.S. newspapers, adding more than 6,000 titles to the national union list of newspapers; (7) microfilming 3.8 million pages from the Library's collections; (8) beginning a program for the systematic conversion to microfiche of selected embrittled technical reports in the Publication Board Collection in the Science, Technology and Business Division; (9) inspecting and processing 398 positive and 170 negative reels of microfilm acquired from Moscow's Library of Foreign Literature and military archives in , and Romania; and (10) implementing, with the Copyright Office, the use of security laser-marking equipment to place Library property information safely on CDs, audiotapes and videotapes in the Library's collections.

The Library continued its commitment to preserving the nation's film heritage. At year's end, 25 films were named to the National Film Registry, bringing the total to 300. On Nov. 9, President Clinton signed the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000 to preserve historic sound recordings. The new law directs the Librarian of Congress to esiabiish a Nationai Recording Registry, an advisory board, and to create and implement a national plan to assure the long-term preservation and acccessbility of the nation's audio heritage.

Copyright Office

The Copyright Office received 588,498 claims and made 515,612 registrations in fiscal 2000. The office responded to more than 383,500 requests from the public for copyright information, of which nearly 12,000 were received electronically. The Library's collections and exchange programs received 751,944 copies of works from the Copyright Office, including 217,986 items received from publishers under the mandatory deposit provisions of the copyright law.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (15 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 P.M] 94 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped

The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) continued to refine the Library's free national reading program for blind and physically handicapped people. NLS distributed 22.8 million items to nearly 760,000 readers in 2000.

Braille readers may now access nearly 3,200 Web-Braille (digital braille book files created by the Library with a computer or electronic note-take and a or a refreshabie braille display, which is an electronic device that raises or lowers an array of pins to create a line o braille characters. At year's end, 1,078 users had signed up for the new Internet service. In July, NLS announced a new feature that links its International Union Catalog of Braille and Audio Materials to Web- Braille. NLS also completed a draft digital-talking-book standard under the auspices of the

National Information Standards Organization and completed installation of a prototype digital recording system at the NLS Recording Studio (where five digital talking-books have been completed) and a duplicatio system at the Multistate Center East, the NLS contract distribution enter in . Specifications were developed for the procurement of digitally recorded masters, to begin in fiscal 2002.

American Folk life Center

The American Folk life Center continued its mandate to "preserve and present American folklife" through a number of outreach programs and by adding five new collections to the Library's Web site. Staff in the American Folk life Center participated in the Local Legacies project to document the nation's cultural heritage (see above). The center also continued its participation in the Millennium Council's "Save America's Treasures" program, in concert with the . Known as "Save Our Sounds," the program seeks to preserve a priceless heritage of sound recordings housed at the two institutions. In November, the center launched the Veterans' Oral history Project. Signed into law by President Clinton on Oct. 27, (P.L. 106-380), the project encourages war veterans, their families, veterans groups, communities and students to record (on audio and video tape) the memories of more than 19 million veterans currently living in the United States.

Sharing the Library's Treasures http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (16 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PMI .95 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review

In addition to making many of its unparalleled resources available on its award-winning Web site, the Library's collections were shared with hundreds of thousands of national and international audiences through exhibitions, special events, symposia, traveling exhibitions and major publications.

A sampling of the year's exhibitions at the Library includes the work of Charles and Ray Eames; L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz; Chic Young's "Blondie"; Thomas Jefferson; and .

In addition to the two Bicentennial exhibitions that opened during the year, "Thomas Jefferson," and "The Wizard of Oz: An American Fairy Tale," a number of new exhibitions featured the Library's unique collections. The Bob Hope Gallery of American Entertainment opened on May 10 with an exhibition featuring clips of the famous comedian an fellow entertainers. Several new exhibitions featured the work of some of America's most beloved cartoonists: "Blondie Gets Married! Comic Strip Drawings by Chic Young," "Herb lock's History: Political Cartoons from the Crash to the Millennium" and "Al Hirschfeld: Beyond Rrnpriwny." rnntinuing mxhihitinne irIP!..c.L.d "Here to Qtay: The Legacy of George and Ira Gershwin" and "The Gerry Mulligan Collection." In keeping with conservation and preservation standards, items were rotated routinely throughout the year into the "American Treasures of the Library of Congress" exhibition, the long-term installation of the rarest and most significant items relating to America's past from the Library's collections. Three major

Library of Congress exhibitions, which toured nationally and internationally during the year and will continue to venues in the upcoming year, included "The Work of Charles and Ray Eames: A Legacy of Invention," "Sigmund Freud: Conflict and Culture" and "Religion and the Founding of the American Republic." Eight new exhibitions were added to the Library's Web site, bringing the total to 28

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (17 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] 96 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review Library exhibitions accessible on Internet.

The Publishing Office produced more than 25 books, calendars and other products describing the Library's collections, including four major publications honoring the Library's Bicentennial (see above). Publications that garnered overall design excellence awards from Washington Book Publishers were Thomas Jefferson: Genius of Liberty Life of the People: Realist Prints and Drawings from the Ben and Beatrice Goldstein Collection, 1912-1948; and The Declaration of Independence: Evolution of the Text. Gathering History: The Marian S. Carson Collection of Americana, and The Library of Congress Architectural Alphabet received awards from the American Association for Museums.

The Visitor Services Office conducted 3,138 tours for 59,536 visitors. Included were 686 tours for 12,185 congressional constituents from 363 congressional offices and 326 special-request tours for members of Congress and their spouses, families and friends. Some 1,769 tours were conducted for 36,065 visitors. The office also arranged 581 professional appointments for 1,851 dignitaries, professionals and students representing 101 different countries.. A cadre of 190 volunteer provided 26,238 hours of service (the equivalent of more than 17 full- time staff positions, at a savings of $650,000 to the Library). Volunteers also responded to inquiries from 189,393 visitors and assisted 10,255 first-time patrons at the researcher guidance desks.

The Library continued its pilot program to broadcast events of wide national interest on its Web site. Events that were cybercast during the year included "Democracy and the Rule of Law in a Changing World Order March 7-10; and "Poetry in America: A Library of Congress Bicentennial Celebration" on April 3.

The bimonthly Civilization magazine included many articles during the year about the Library's Bicentennial programs and activities. The October/November issue was the last to be published under the licensing agreement between the Library and Civilization LLC. The agreement was mutually terminated after six years.

Gift and Trust Funds

During fiscal year 2000, the Library's fund-raising activities yielded a total of $85.7 million representing 1,097 gifts and pledges to 76 different Library funds. These gifts included $5.4 million in cash gifts and $80.3 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (18 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PIV1]- 97 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review million in new pledges, making it the best year ever for gifts received from the private sector. Eighteen new gift and trust funds were established. At year's end, outstanding pledges (including conditional amounts) totaled $81.5 million.

In 2000 the Library celebrated the 10th anniversary of the James Madison Council, a private-sector group dedicated to assisting the Library in sharing its unparalleled riches with the nation and the world. During the past 10 years, the Madison Council has given $134.6 million ft. IL.ibrary.

Private gifts supported a variety of new and continuing programs throughout the Library, including exhibitions, acquisitions, symposia and an extensive series of Bicentennial programs. By year's end, the Library had received 384 gifts totaling $109.8 million through the Bicentennial Gifts to the Nation program. This included an unprecedented gift of $60 million from Madison Council Chairman John W. Kluge to establish the John W. Kluge Center in the Library of Congress and the John W. Klug Prize in the Human Sciences.

Other major gifts received during the fiscal year included $9 million in conditional pledges from Jack Friedman, the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Foundation, John Kluge, the Gruss Lipper Foundation and Jack Nash toward the purchase of the Valmadonna Trust Library (the most important private collection of early and rare Hebrew books in the world); $3.7 million in additional gifts from the Starr Foundation and 34 other donors for the Henry A. Kissinger Chair in Foreign Policy and International Relations, bringing the total gifts received for the chair to $4.2 million; $2 million from an anonymous donor for the acquisition of materials for the American Folk life Center; $1.5 million from Cary and Ann Maguire to establish the Cary and Ann Maguire Chair in Ethics and American History; $1 million each from Charles Durham and Nancy Glanville to support the Edwin L. Cox American Legacy Acquisition Fun as well as the acquisition of the Kenneth Walker Collection of Architectural Drawings; and a $1 million bequest from the late Verna Fine to establish the Verna and Irving Fine Fund to support modern American music through activities related to the music of Irving Fine an other American composers whose works are housed at the Library.

Human Resources Improvement

The Library continued to make progress on its HR21 initiative to enable the institution to compete successfully for highly qualified staff, retain http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (19 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] 98 Celebration and Growth: The Year In Review high performers, reward excellence and innovation, train and manage staff to achieve Library missions and make personnel administration response efficient and effective. During the year, a user-friendly classification, staffing and workforce management tool was procured that will substantially reduce the time required to fill positions, redirect scarce Library resources toward mission-critical programmatic activities and away from administrative support and provide managers and supervisors with an accurate, online source of information in addressing challenging personnel issues. A Library-wide work group was convened to identify barriers to thc cfliuient pruing of time and attendance records.

The Library of Congress Internal University (LCIU) continued to offer a variety of services and programs, such as "facilitative leadership" training, and a wide range of computer training for management and staff. The LCIU successfully introduced online computer training with a pilot Internet-based program involving more than 400 participants throughout the Library. The LCIU also continued to coordinate the quarterly "Leadership Lecture Series," a forum for managers and staff t learn from top corporate officers, government officials and leadership scholars about current, effective leadership practices and techniques.

Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist in the Public Affairs Office. Part of this article were taken from other staff reports.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/celebration_and_growth.html (20 of 20) [3/15/02 1:52:19 PM] 99 Final Budget The LIBRARY qf CONGRESS Information Bulletin February 2001 FY 2001 Congress OKs $547 Million Budget for Library

BY GAIL FINEBERG

CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT ARECLE ARTICLE

72.4.. Library of Congress WEB SITE

The Library Today America's Library American Memory Exhibitions THOMAS L Copyright Office Collections & t(.-.99s.59-R Services Home Carol Highsmith

The Library's final fiscal year 2001 budget, approved by Congress on tridurthgAround Dec. 15 and signed into law by President Clinton on Dec. 21, totals Help & FAQs $547.2 million, including a special appropriation of $99.8 million to Search the Site begin a major undertaking to develop standards and a nationwide Site Map collecting strategy to build a national repository of digital materials. Search the The Library's basic budget for 2001 remained largely unchanged from Catalog the version that emerged from a congressional conference committee 100 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/final_budgethtml (1 of 5) [3/15/02 1:52:23 PM] Final Budget on July 27, when $448.5 million was authorized for salaries, expenses, furniture and furnishings, representing a $21 million increase (4.9 percent) from the fiscal 2000 budget.

Before approving the final budget in December, Congress gave the Library an extra $100 million for national digital collection and preservation, but then cut the Library's and other agencies' budgets across the board by .22 percent to reduce overall spending. The effect of the rescission was to eliminate $1.2 million from the Library's 2001 budget and reduce the special appropriation to $99.8 million.

Until the Library's final budget was signed into law as part of the Legislative Branch Act of 2001 (P.L. 106-554), the Library operated at last year's spending level under 21 continuing resolutions passed by Congress between the end of the last fiscal year, on Sept. 30, and Dec. 21, when the new spending authorization took effect.

Collaborative Digital Strategy

The special appropriation authorizes the Library to spend an initial $25 million to develop and execute a congressionally approved strategic plan for a National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program. Congress specified that, of this amount, $5 million may be spent for planning and to acquire and preserve digital information that may otherwise vanish during the plan development-and-approval cycle. These funds will remain available until expended.

Congress also directed the Library to seek private funds, to be received by March 31, 2003. Congress will match every doiiar raised, including in-kind contributions, up to $75 million, for the digital information preservation project.

The Library already has begun to formulate a national digital strategy, building on the work of its Digital Futures Group and the recommendations of a July 26, 2000, report issued by a committee of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). The report, commissioned by the Librarian, recommended that the Library take the lead in a national, collaborative effort to archive and preserve digital information, especially those "born digital" materials that exist only in digital formats.

Following congressional directives, the Library will collaborate with http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/final_budget.html (2 of 5) [3/15/02 1:52:23 PM] 101 Final Budget federal and nonfederal partners to establish responsibilities for what will be collected and preserved and by whom, facilitate an understanding of the copyright issues and develop protocols for electronic deposit, and develop the technical standards for repository architecture and preservation methods. The Library will execute this strategy in cooperation with stakeholders within the Library and in the creative, publishing, technology and copyright communities in the United States and abroad.

in its authorizing legislation, Congress specifically instructed the Library to work jointly with the Secretary of Commerce, the director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Archives and Records Administration. The legislation also states that the Library will seek participation of "other federal, research and private libraries and institutions with expertise in the collection and maintenance of archives of digital materials," including the National Library of Medicine, the National Agricultural Library, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Research Libraries Group, the Online Computer Library Center and the Council on Library and Information Resources.

Congress also emphasized partnership with creators of the digital medium. A Dec. 15 House conference report on the special authorization said: "The information and technology industry that has created this new medium should be a contributing partner in addressing digital access and preservation issues inherent in the new digital information environment."

ri;rnn+c +k, I trary "to uke mindful of conclusions Thm prInfearontsta1%.,-I V vLaI %A I I LG LI IG I drawn in a recent National Academy of Sciences report concerning the Library's trend toward insularity and isolation from its clients and peers in the transition toward digital content."

Operating in 2001

Including funds from all sources, the Library will have $699.2 million available in fiscal 2001. Fund sources are the $547.2 million appropriation, including authority to spend receipts of $36 million; $12.8 million in revolving funds; $43.2 million in gift and trust funds, a large part of which is earmarked for the National Digital Library Program; $80 million in reimbursable programs, such as those operated by FEDLINK and the Federal Research Division; and $16 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/final_budget.html (3 of 5) [3/15/02 1:52:23 PM] 102 Final Budget million that the Architect of the Capitol is authorized to spend on Library projects.

Appropriated funds include, after the rescission, $73.4 million for the Congressional Research Service; $38.4 million for the Copyright Office, which will have offsetting collections of $29.3 million; and $48.5 million for the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.

Conferees, before the .22 percent across-the-board program cut, had approved $8.5 million for mandatory pay increases; $10 million for the Russian Leadership Program; $5.95 million for Hands Across America, a project to train teachers how to incorporate the Library's digital collections into school curricula; $500,000 for arrearage reduction; $1.2 million for mass deacidification to protect embrittled books; $250,000 for the National Film Preservation Board; $404,000 for a digitization pilot with the U.S. Military Academy at West Point; $7.6 million for nonpersonal digitization costs; $618,000 to open the first offsite storage facility at Fort Meade; $300,000 for National Digital Library Program servers and storage; $2.3 million for security; and $4.3 million for a high-speed transmission line between the Library and educational facilities, libraries or networks serving western North Carolina.

Ms. Fineberg is editor of the Gazette, the Library's staff newsletter.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/final_budgethtml (5 of 5) [3/15/02 1:52:23 PM] 104 Telling America's Stories The LIBRARY qf CONGRESS Information Bulletin February 2001 'Telling America's Stories' New Library of Congress Reading Promotion Theme

Photo by Tom Raymond

Ray Hicks performing at the CURRENT ISSUE National Storytelling Festival in PREVIOUS NEXT ARTECLE ARTICLE Jonesborough, Tenn. The festival is one of the Library's 1,253 "Local Legacies" projects. The Library V Congress WEB SITE "Telling America's Stories" is the Library's new national reading The Library promotion theme, sponsored jointly by the Center for the Book and the Today American Folklife Center. America's Library American "Stories connect people to the world of books and reading," said Memory Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole. "We invite schools, Exhibitions libraries, museums, historical societies, families and individuals to join the campaign. We also will enlist the Center for the Book's affiliated THOMAS centers and reading promotion partners throughout the country." Copyright Office Collections & Services Home

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"Shape Your FutureREAD" was the Center for the Book's national reading promotion theme in 1995-1996.

"Telling America's Stories" takes advantage of existing Center for the Book projects, the Local Legacies project that documented the nation's cultural traditions during the Library's Bicentennial year in 2000, and America's Library, the Library's new Web site for children and families at www.americaslibrary.gov.

"The American Folk life Center is delighted to be part of this campaign," said Director Peggy Bulger. "In addition to complementing the congressionally sponsored Local Legacies project, it fits nicely with our American Veterans' Oral History Project and our plans to strengthen the center's storytelling collections."

America's Library, the Library's popular new 3uct4 Web site, was designed to stimulate interest in American history among families and young people. It presents lively stories from America's past using unique items from the Library's collectionsletters, diaries, prints and photographs, film, sound recordings, sheet music and maps. It recently received the 2000 New Media Invision Bronze Award for Best Education Site for Kids and the Standard of Excellence Web Award. It was also named one of the "Hot Sites for 2000" by USA Today.

The items on the Web site are presented in five categories: "Meet Amazing Americans," "Jump Back in Time," "Explore the States," "Join America at Play" and "See, Hear and Sing."

"Telling America's Stories" is the seventh national reading promotion campaign organized by the Center for the Book since 1987. Previous

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/telling_americas_stories.html (2 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:26 PM] 0 6 Telling America's Stories themes have included "The Year of the Young Reader" (1989), "Books Change Lives" (1993-1994), and "Building a Nation of Readers" (1997- 2000).

How to Participate in 'Telling America's Stories'

For Individuals and Families

Attend a storytelling festival (see the Book Event Calendar at www.loc.gov/cfbook) Collect your family's favorite storie Establish a family read-aloud hour Visit a local "literary landmark" Research and write about an event in the history of your cornmunity Visit the Library of Congress "Local Legacies" Web site at www.loc.gov/bicentennial/legacies.html Join a book discussion group Create a family cookbook Volunteer to read to patients in a hospital or nursing home Go to a reading at your local library or bookstore Ask friends and family members to tell you about their favorite book Volunteer to help at the local library, museum or historical society Visit the "America's Library Web site: www.americaslibrary.gov

For Schools and Libraries

Establish a storytelling group Create a local literary map Create a tour of significant or interesting places in your community Invite local authors, television stars and public officials to talk about their favorite books Ask local book collectors about their collections Study and document the history of an old building in your cornmunity Organize a field trip to the local historical society

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/telling_americas_stories.html (3 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:26 PM] Telling America's Stories For Organizations and Businesses

Sponsor an oral history of your organization Become a sponsor of a community book fair or storytelling festival Establish an employee storytelling or book discussion group Organize a contest asking members or employees to describe "a book that changed my life." Form a reading promotion partnership with a local school or library Become a sponsor of a local museum, library or historical society Organize a field trip to a local "literary landmark"

Ideas Based on the 'America's Library' Web Site (www.americaslibrary.gov)

Meet Amazing Americans

Read a book about or by one of the famous Americans featured on the site Plan a visit to the home of a famous American Write a one-page description of the most amazing American you'vpPVArknnwn

Jump Back in Time

Choose your favorite period in American history Find out what happened on one day in American historytoday, or on your birthday Chose a favorite display in your local museum and interview yourself about why you like it

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/telling_americas_stories.html (4 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:26 PM] 108 Telling America's Stories

Explore the States

Memorize the state capitals and challenge friends and family members to memorize them Visit your state capitol and make a list of statues on the capitol grounds List the most famous writers and poets who have lived in your state Learn about book events and reading promotion activities in your state by visiting the Center for the Book's Web site: www.loc.gov/cfbook Learn about folklife events and activities in your state by visiting the American Folk life Center's Web site: www.loc.gov/folklife

Join America at Play

Interview friends and family members about their favorite sports Start a new scrapbook about family vacations and travel Describe your first airplane ride

See, Hear and Sing

Make a list of your favorite songs and when you think you first heard them Visit a restored movie theater http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/telling_americas_stories.html (5 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:26 PM] 109 Telling America's Stories Try to remember the first time you listened to the radio and the first television program you ever saw

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110 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/telling_americas_stories.html (6 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:26 PM] Red Ink The LIBRARY of CONGRESS et. Inforthation Bulletin February 2001 Red Ink Records of the Communist Party USA Opened

The Library of Congress has opened for research copies of the records of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) covering the period

CURRENT ISSUE from the 1920s to the 1940s. This collection of documents had long been thought destroyed. However, in late 1992, after the dissolution of PREVIOUS NEXT ARTtCLE ARTICLE the , a historian in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress, John Earl Haynes, learned that the CPUSA had secretly

The Library of Congress shipped these records to the Soviet Union more than 50 years ago, WEB SITE where they were kept in a closed Communist Party archives. In the post-Soviet era the new Russian government took control of these The Library records and opened them for research. Today America's In January 1993, Mr. Haynes traveled to Moscow and was the first Library American scholar to examine this historically significant collection, American housed in what is today known as the Russian State Archives of Memory Social and Political History. Upon his return to the United States, he Exhibitions recommended that the Library of Congress propose to the Russian THOMAS Archives that the collection be microfilmed and a set of the microfilm Copyright Office deposited in the Library to ensure their permanent availability. Collections & Services I The Library of Congress opened negotiations with the Russian Home Archives in 1993 to microfilm the collection. The negotiations over the years that followed involved staff of the Library's Manuscript and European divisions as well as the Librarian of Congress. In late 1998, GetthogAround a formal agreement was signed by Winston Tabb, associate librarian Help & FAQs for Library Services, on behalf of the Library, and Kyrill Anderson, Search the Site director of the Russian Archives. The project has now been Site Map completed. In total, the film includes 435,165 frames on 326 reels. The cost of filming was supported by a "Gift to the Nation" from John Search the Kluge, chairman of the Library's Madison Council, and the Library's Catalog James B. Wilbur Fund for Foreign Copying. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/red_ink.html (1 of 4) [3/15/02 1:52:30 PM] 111 Red Ink

The previous paucity of the archival record has been a major obstacle to scholarship on the history of the American Communist movement. Accounts of the history of American communism and the related issue of anticommunism have been highly contentious, with the academic consensus varying widely over the decades in part due to the shallowness and resulting ambiguity of the evidential base. The CPUSA has always been a secretive organization; while occasional government raids, subpoenas, search warrants and congressional investigations made some documentation part of the public record, the quantity was never large because of the party's practice of hiding or destroying records. Although some party documents have also become available in the papers of various private individuals, the quantity is limited.

Now any researcher can read microfilmed copies of the original documents in the Manuscript Reading Room of the Library of Congress. Historians will, therefore, have a much stronger basis for reconstructing an accurate picture of American communism and anticommunism from the 1920s to the 1940s. A finding aid has been created to guide researchers through the collection.

Many of the documents in this collection are unique; the records are very detailed regarding the history of the CPUSA, particularly for its origins in the 1920s and the early and middle 1930s. There are fewer records for the 1937-1944 period than for the earlier years, probably due to the difficulties of shipping large quantities of records once war started in 1939. The CPUSA collection at the Russian Archives has no material later than 1944.

Among the items in the CPUSA collection are:

A 1919 letter from Nikolai Bukharin, head of the Communist International in Soviet Russia, to American radicals urging them to form an American Communist Party. The Comintern (as the Communist International was called) told American radicals that they should organize "Communist nuclei among soldiers and sailors...for the purpose of violent baiting of officers and generals,recognize the "necessity of arming the proletariat," tell radical soldiers when demobilized from the army that they "must not give up their arms,should expose President Woodrow Wilson "as a hypocrite and

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/red_ink.html (2 of 4) [3/15/02 1:52:30 PM] 112 Red Ink murderer, in order to discredit him with the masses," form "militant organs of the struggle for the conquest of the State power, for the dictatorship of the Workers" and adopt the slogan "Down with the Senate and Congress."

A 13-page application for admission to the Communist International from the newly organized Communist Party of America. The letter, dated Nov. 24, 1919, ends with the declaration that "The Communist Party realizes the immensity of its task; it realizes that the final struggle of the Communist proletariat will be waged in the United States, our conquest of power alone assuring the world Soviet Republic. Realizing all this, the Communist Party prepares for the struggle. Long Live the Communist International! Long live the World Revolution."

A 1926 memo regarding Soviet subsidies to the American Communist movement. Different Soviet agencies subsidized different American Communist activities, and sometimes the funds, sent to the United States by surreptitious means, were delivered to the wrong recipient. In this memo, the head of the American Communist party attempts to reconcile who got which subsidies and which transfers were needed to ensure that the various activities received what Moscow intended.

Some documents illustrate the emphasis that the CPUSA placed on organizing . A 1924 letter from the Comintern, for example, confirms that it was providing a subsidy of $1,282 to send 10 black Americans to the "Eastern University," a Comintern school in Moscow. Another document is a 15-page report on the party's work in Harlem in 1934.

There is a small collection of the letters of John Reed in the CPUSA collection. Reed, a well-known American journalist of the 1910s, was a founder of the American Communist Party in 1919 and one of its early representatives to the Comintern. However, he died of typhus in the Soviet Union in 1920. This material is thought to have been in his possession at the time of his death and was added to the CPUSA collection by Comintern archivists. (Reed was the subject a successful 1981 Hollywood film, "Reds," in which

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/red_ink.html (3 of 4) [3/15/02 1:52:30 PM] 113 Red Ink Warren Beatty played Reed.) Reed reported on the Mexican Revolution, and in a 1915 letter in the collection, written from , he tells his editor in New York about his impressions of several of the leading Mexican Revolutionary generals: Francisco "Pancho" Villa, Emiliano Zapata and Venustiano Carranza.

A six-page report discusses Communist attempts to organize sharecroppers in the agricultural South in 1934. It includes brief sketches of the sharecroppers the party attracted to a "farm school" it set up in St. Louis.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Ici b/0102/red_i nk.htm I (4 of 4) [3/15/02 1:52:30 PM] 114 Katherine Dunham Legacy Project

The LIBRARY of C ONGRE SS Information Bulletin February 2001 Katherine Dunham Legacy Project Library Receives $1 Million Grant for Dance Archives

CURRENT ISSUE Katherine Dunham in "Rara PREVIOUS NEXT ARTDCLE ARTICLE Tonga" from the musical Tropical Revue (1943), choreographed by Dunham. 7he Library of Congress Photo courtesy of the Dance WEB SITE Division, New York Public The Library Library for the Performing Arts; Today Astor, Lenox and Tilden America's Foundations Library American Memory The Library of Congress has Exhibitions received a $1 million grant from THOMAS the Charitable Copyright Office Foundation to support a two-year program (Dec. 1, 2000, through Collections & Services Nov. 30, 2002) to support the Katherine Dunham Legacy Project at the Library of Congress. The Home purpose of the project is to purchase the Katherine Dunham archives; to preserve materials that document and augment the Dunham GetrivAround legacy; and to expand educational programs.

Help & FAQs This is the second grant the Library has received from the DDCF in as Search the Site many years. Last year the foundation gave another $1 million grant as Site Map a "Gift to the Nation" in honor of the Library's Bicentennial to purchase Search the the archives, support performances of the Martha Catalog Graham Dance Company and to document Graham works.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/daring_dancer.html (1 of 4) [3/15/02 1:52:33 PM] 115 Katherine Dunham Legacy Project

"We look forward to working in partnership with Miss Dunham and the Dunham Centers on this important and innovative project," said Dr. Billington. "The Library continues to be extremely grateful to the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation for their support for our dance programs and collections."

The purchase of the Dunham archives will, first, allow the Library to take possession of the collection of film, video, sound and print materials that document the life and work of Katherine Dunham. Second, the grant will be used to document and augment the Dunham legacy through the preservation of existing materials; to videotape oral histories of Dunham dancers; and to make the resources more available to the public. Finally, the grant will be used to expand educational programs at the Dunham Center in East St. Louis, Ill.

Olga Garay, program director for the arts at the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, noted: "The work of Katherine Dunham has had major national and international impact. We are pleased to work with the Library of Congress to ensure her legacy is preserved for future generations."

Katherine Dunham, born in 1909 in Glen Ellyn, Ill., is an American dancer and choreographer who is best known for her choreography based on African American, Caribbean, West African and South American sources. As a young dancer and student at the University of Chicago, she became interested in anthropology and eventually pursued studies in both dance and anthropology. She received a Rosenwald Foundation Fellowship to study the dance forms of the vrAl ivvvcan,sperdig timeIn Jc:111101Udduu nau.MS.uunnam s rieia work helped develop a now recognized subdiscipline of anthropology and also led to Ms. Dunham's own understandingboth intellectual and kinestheticof the African roots of black dance in the West Indies. From that beginning, she began to develop for herself the first African American "serious" dance technique.

Upon her return to the United States, Ms. Dunham went to New York to perform and choreograph the new type of American Black dance that she was creating. Her work was well received, and in 1947 she created the Katherine Dunham School of Cultural Arts Inc. She continued to refine her technique and to expand her choreography, transmitting that body of knowledge to succeeding generations of dance students. In 1964 Ms. Dunham became an artist-in-residence at http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/daring_dancer.html (2 of 4) [3/15/02 1:52:33 PM] 116 Katherine Dunham Legacy Project Southern Illinois University and then professor and director of the Performing Arts Training Center there. She has continued to teach the Dunham technique to young dancers and has opened the Dunham Museum in East St. Louis, where she brings an awareness of Haitian and African art to area residents. Ms. Dunham was a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983, and she was named one of the first 100 of "America's Irreplaceable Dance Treasures" by the Dance Heritage Coalition earlier this year.

in the last 15 years, the Library has become more involved in documenting the efforts of innovators in the field of dance and collecting dance-related materials. Among these are the Bob Fosse- Gwen Verdon Collection, the Lester Horton Dance Collection, the Erick Hawkins Archives and the Martha Graham Collection. This most recent grant from the DDCF allows the Library to provide important leadership in supporting the Katherine Dunham legacy and to preserve an important dance collection based on her work.

Doris Duke, a lifelong philanthropist, distributed some $400 million, often anonymously, to a variety of charitable causes. When she died in 1993, she left her fortune, including her properties, to the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation.

The mission of the foundation, which was established in 1996, is to improve the quality of people's lives by nurturing the arts, protecting and restoring the environment, seeking cures for diseases and helping to protect children from abuse and neglect. With approximately $1.6 billion in assets, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation is among the +kr.. Irgunct phiinthrnpiac in the. unitad Qtntn. As of neoember 1999,LIP V foundation has awarded nearly $120 million in grants. Additional information can be found on the foundation's Web site at www.ddcf.org.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/daring_dancer.html (4 of 4) [3/15/02 1:52:33 PM] 118 Conservation Corner The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin February 200 Conservation Corner Washington's First Inaugural Address

BY HEATHER WANSER

CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT ARTICLE ARTICLE

nu: Library .gf Congress WEB SITE

The Library .400 Id Today America's Library American

Memory f Exhibitions THOMAS

rs rvr-C eN Collections & Services Home Photo by Marita Clance

GettirmAround Using a microscope, a Library conservator carefully removes discolored Help & FAQs repairs; the second page of the address before (top right) and after Search the Site treatment. Site Map Search the The Conservation Division has recently treated one of the most important documents in the Library's collections: George Washington's Catalog first inaugural address.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/conservation_cornerhtml (1 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:37 PM] 119 Conservation Corner This six-page, double-sided document, written in Washington's own hand, is from the Washington Papers in the Manuscript Division. It is historically significant for many reasons, not the least of which that it is the first inaugural address given by the first president of a new republic.

According to Gerard Gawalt, early American history specialist in the Manuscript Division, it is believed to be the copy that Washington used when he delivered his inauguration speech in New York in 1789. It remained in Washington's possession until his death in 1799.

The address presented many conservation challenges, which prompted its proposal for treatment. The original cream color of the paper was yellowed, with mended tears and paper losses, all evidence of deterioration. Numerous repairs had darkened over time and obscured letters, and additional paper damage indicated earlier unsuccessful attempts to remove them.

In 1952, the already fragile condition of the address called for it to be "laminated" between layers of cellulose acetate film and sheer tissue paper. This was once a popular treatment that has fallen out of favor because it obscures the image and leaves the pages unnaturally stiff. Recent analysis of this film suggests that it may not be as chemically stable as once thought. In addition, there was concern about the chemical stability of the iron gall ink, which is acidic in nature and know to progressively damage the paper to which it is applied. Evidence of the acidity is ink "strike-through," a conservation term for writing that migrates into the paper and becomes visible on the reverse.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/conservation_corner.html (2 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:37 PM] 120 Conservation Corner

Photo by Marita Clance

Laminating tissue on Washington's first inaugural address is carefully removed by one of the Library's conservation specialists.

Each page of the manuscript was carefully studied and its condition recorded in a detailed written report that included photographic documentation. This documentation, the first step in all major treatments, becomes a permanent record of condition prior to treatment At the same time, the conservator becomes thoroughly acquainted with the document by conducting all necessary tests to determine the most appropriate treatment.

Treatment started by dissolving the cellulose acetate film and removing the tissue paper. Each page was immersed in several solvent baths unti the acetate film was thoroughly eliminated. Prior testing determined that the solvent would not harm or change the antique paper or ink.

After removal of the cellulose acetate film, it was possible to perform additional solubility tests on the iron gall ink to determine the feasibility of future treatments. Testing indicated that the ink was somewhat water sensitive, requiring that all further processes be modified, thus adding t the challenge of the treatment.

121 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/conservation_corner.html (3 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:37 PM] Conservation Corner

Photos by Marita Clance

Corner detail, during and after conservation treatment

The next step was to remove each of the discolored repairs, many of which had been applied over Washington's writing. The old adhesive was softened with tiny applications of warm water until the old repair could be carefully lifted. This delicate process was conducted under a binocular microscope to make certain that none of the original writing or paper was disturbed.

Each page was carefully washed and deacidified in a magnesium bicarbonate solution, modified by substituting 65 percent of the water with ethanol. This procedure, designed to minimize the solubility of the iron gall ink, was recently developed in the Conservation Division, and tested thoroughly by the Research and Testing Division to verify its effectiveness. The treatment deposits an alkaline reserve in the paper t protect it from harmful acids, without disturbing the ink.

The many tears were mended with nearly invisible strips of Japanese tissue adhered with a wheat starch and methyl cellulose adhesive that I easily reversible. The losses were filled with multiple layers of Japanese tissue, or cellulose pulp powder worked into a paste with methyl cellulose adhesive. Each sheet was placed in a custom-designed protective housing of a nonreactive polyester film, fully supported by a sturdy acid-free mat to assure safe handling.

Now that it has been treated, the restored Washington's address will receive the careful attention given to all rare Library collection materials. Specifically, this item will be stored under stringent environmental controls and, when it is exhibited, light levels will be carefully controlled to limit the chance of photo oxidation, which accelerates the deterioration of paper.

122 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/conservation_corner.html (4 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:37 PM] Conservation Corner

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. kir,ver4e4`.. 4,41;.e.d.", 441.64 4... 40.6144.444.11...4.4. .2..:,...`. 4...... -:::: aMet.eAs.4_444744,r4r-64,24- 444'.4.4"124-4-4 zi ....- A.,..,-404-f.,-w.L.."-45. , 4rie 4a, e.4--cif-,,,A.--4.-- 4170CA iajOIR 042;" Asa dowg-44411....i..taar0 L e4,Ve.15 sl e0a-90.44$40.4at;:0441;44. cA4.4.4444,0 54.44. 411,i, MAO44;i7La 44.464 o,..,A:4f."464,et44 A :4. 4.: 4Z.:41.44A-0.3tkeelq,",i: CA.0444:10 "aim jivrea... ost,4, 41!,4,4es

Photos by Marita Clance

The second page of the address before (top right) and after treatment.

This challenging project combined the expertise of a historian, a professional conservator and a team of scientists to provide the most appropriate and advanced techniques available. The conservation treatment not only improved the appearance of this valuable document, but preserved it chemically and physically.

Mark Roosa, director for Preservation, noted in reference to the treatment of the address that "the uniqueness of the Library's collections, its excellent staff and this type of integrated activity make the Library a worldwide leader in the cnnsprvatinn nf prnpArtioq

Ms. Wanser is a senior paper conservator in the Conservation Division.

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124 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/conservation_corner.html (6 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:37 PM] Taking theOath

Itr The LIBRARY of CONGRESS 4y. Inforthation Bulletin February 2001 49' rti Taking the Oath Presidential Inauguration Collection Debuts Online

4 Photo by United Press

Scenes from inaugurals, now CURRENT ISSUE available online: Chief Justice PREVIOUS NEXT Frederick Vinson administers ARTTCLE ARTICLE the oath of office to Dwight Eisenhower as President Harry The Library e Congress Truman (far left) looks on, 1953 WEB SITE

The Library A collection containing materials from United States presidential Today inaugurations is now available on the American Memory collections America's Web site at www.loc.gov. "I Do Solemnly Swear...': Presidential Library Inaugurations" is a presentation of 400 items from each of the American inaugurations, from George Washington's in 1789 to 's in Memory 1997. Materials from George W. Bush's inauguration will be available Exhibitions sometime in March. THOMAS Copyright Office The collection represents a collaborative effort between the Library Collections & and other institutions. In addition to items selected from the Library's Services photographic and manuscript collections, materials were contributed Home by the Architect of the Capitol, the White House and the U.S. Senate Office of the Sergeant at Arms. The Web site offers associated qcnindr Around searchable text transcriptions of inaugural addresses through a cooperative effort with Yale Law School's Avalon Project, an online Help & FAQs archives dedicated to providing historical and legal documents in the Search the Site fields of law, history, economics, politics, diplomacy and government. Site Map Search the Catalog

http://www.Ioc.gov/Ioc/Icib/0102/solemnly_swearing.html (1 of 3) [3/15/02 1:52:41 PM] 125 Taking the Oath

The scene of Benjamin 4, Harrison's inaugural at the U.S. Capitol in 1889 37-7-

The Library has many treasures among its papers of 23 presidents 4 111 -12.N and those of their contemporaries. P: representative '.election (If papers for each inauguration is presented in the collection to encourage further research and study.

With support from the Madison Council, the Library's private-sector advisory group, the collection includes newly scanned items and items already available in other American Memory collections such as: "A Century of Lawmaking," "The Papers of George Washington," "Music for the Nation," "Words and Deeds," "Theodore Roosevelt: His Life and Times on Film," "Manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project" and others.

Included in the collection are diaries, letters, photographs, programs and sheet music that document the ceremonial aspects of presidential inaugurations. The handwritten drafts of inaugural addresses provide a glimpse at how these speeches were crafted.

Photo by Cecil Stoughton

1 Judge Sarah Hughes administers the oath to Lyndon Johnson aboard Air Force One following the assassination of John Kennedy in 1963

This new collection has been added to the more than 90 already freely available from American Memory, which is a project of the National Digital Library Program of the Library of Congress.

The latest Web site from the Library is aimed at kids and families. The colorful and interactive "America's Library" (www.americaslibrary.gov) invites users to "Log On...Play Around...Learn Something." http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/solemnly_swearing.html (2 of 3) [3/15/02 1:52:41 PM] 126 Taking the Oath

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/solemnly_swearing.html (3 of 3) [3/15/02 1:52:41 PM] 127 Online Copyright of Music The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin February 2001 Online Copyright of Music Copyright Office Announces New Program

The Library of Congress and the U.S. Copyright Office have signed a major new Cooperative Agreement with the National Music Publishers'

CURRENT ISSUE Association Inc. (NMPA) and its licensing subsidiary, the Harry Fox Agency Inc. (HFA) establishing the CORDS program (Copyright Office PREVIOUS NEXT ARTDCLE ARTICLE Electronic Registration, Recordation and Deposit System) for online copyright registration and deposit of musical works.

The Library of Congress WEB SITE The CORDS system allows music publishers to register their copyrights online through the HFA SongFile.com Web site, eliminating The Library paperwork and speeding up the registration process. Music publishers Today are also able to file deposit copies of their works online. America's Library In a recent test of the system, four music publishersEMI Music American Publishing, Peermusic, BMG and Famous Musichave effectively Memory used the CORDS system to register musical works and receive their Exhibitions copyright registration certificates within a few weeks. HFA developed THOMAS special software to enable its publisher principals to connect to the Copyright Office CORDS system. Collections & Services The U.S. Copyright Office worked closely with HFA to provide advice Home and expertise, and the CORDS developer, CNRI (Corporation for National Research Initiatives), provided extensive technical assistance to HFA as well. "I am delighted that music publishers are now able to Geh'freg Around use the CORDS system," said Register of Copyrights Marybeth Help & FAQs Peters. Search the Site Site Map "In this age of electronic commerce, an important part of our copyright Search the system is the ability of publishers to electronically submit copyright Catalog claims for their content, and the Copyright Office to expeditiously make available online accurate and timely information about their

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/electronic_registration.html (1 of 3) [3/15/02 1:52:44 PM] 128 Online Copyright of Music copyright registrations," she added.

"This is another major step for the Library of Congress as well, as the new arrangement also provides an efficient way for the Library to acquire new musical works in electronic form for its growing digital library collections," observed Associate Librarian for Library Services Winston Tabb.

"We are very pleased with the culmination of this NMPA-HFA joint project with the Copyright Office. CURDS takes the time-consuming and paper-intensive work of registering music copyrights and makes it faster, easier and more accessible," said Edward Murphy, president and CEO of the National Music Publishers Association Inc.

The copyright system has been a part of the Library of Congress since 1870. In addition to administering the copyright law, the U.S. Copyright Office creates and maintains the national public record of copyright registrations and recorded documents, provides technical assistance and policy advice on copyright issues to Congress and executive branch agencies, offers information to the general public and obtains copies of works for the collections of the Library of Congress. For more information, visit the U.S. Copyright Office on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/copyright.

The National Music Publishers' Association, founded in 1917, works to protect and advance the interests of the music publishing industry. With more than 800 members, NMPA represents music publishing firms throughout the United States. The Harry Fox Agency Inc., the licensing subsidiary of NMI=A, provides an information source, clearinghouse and monitoring service for licensing musical copyrights and represents more than 25,000 music publisher principals. Fox Agency International, launched in 1994, is a subsidiary of HFA.

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130 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/electronic_registration.html (3 of 3) [3/15/02 1:52:44 PM] Changing Technology The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information it ulletin February 2001 15 Years of Technological Change Retiring Director Reflects on Library Career

BY AUDREY FISCHER

CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT ARTDCLE ARTICLE Photo by Richard Barnes

Herbert Becker TheLibraryofCongress WEB SITE Fifteen years may be a brief moment in time, but it is long The Library enough to experience a revolution. Today So said retiring Information America's Technology Services (ITS) Library Director Herbert S. Becker, who American presented his reflections on 15 Memory years of technological change at Exhibitions the Library at a Nov. 21 program THOMAS pt.)1 IUl cu uy LI ICI ClaI II ivivuyI Copyright Office Users Group. Mr. Becker retired Collections & on Dec. 30 with 43 years of federal service. Services Home "It has been a remarkable time to be at the Library," said Mr. Becker. "As you work at the Library day to day, making a myriad of decisions, rethig Around change seems to be evolutionary rather than revolutionary. But when you look back, you realize that there has been a revolution in the Help & FAQs information industry that has had a major impact on how the Library Search the Site does business. Site Map Search the When Mr. Becker first came to the Library in July 1985, the mainframe Catalog computer was dominant, and "big" was the operative word. Two mainframes stretched across the entire computer room floor. While http://www.Ioc.gov/Ioc/Icib/0102/changing_technology.html (1 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:47 PM] 131 Changing Technology performance and storage capacity increased dramatically over time, the size of the mainframe and its associated storage devices were drastically reduced in size.

"We used to talk about runnina out of space," joked Mr. Becker. "Today we could actually lease some of our floor space. Compared with 400 gigabytes of storage in the entire Computer Center in 1985, we can now provide 10 gigabytes on someone's desktop," he added.

Much has also changed in the way information is distributed throughout the organization. During the early 1980s, staff members came to the Computer Center with a cart to pick up their computer output. Local area networks (LANs) were still in the future, as was the concept of a personal computer with a printer on nearly every desk. Mr. Becker recalled the days of the standalone word processor, with no other functionality.

"Sometimes it worked, and sometimes it didn't," he recalled.

The move from these early word processors to more versatile personal computers was a key component of the "revolution" of which Mr. Becker spoke.

"The ability to move computing power from a central room to peoples' desktops made computers a more integral part of everyone's workday," he observed. "But it also presented a management challenge."

For example, the upgrading of software could no longer be done at the mainframe level, but had to be distributed to everyone's machine. LANs held some promises, but the Library's technical staff soon realized that the Library's buildings were wired for voice, not data communications.

Thus began the "Premise Distribution System"the effort to upgrade the wiring in all three buildings to standard level five copper and fiberwhich made possible the installation of a LAN infrastructure. The renovation of the Jefferson and Adams buildings, which began in the mid 1980s, made this an opportune time for the upgrade. A second upgrade, which is now under way, will move the Library's telecommunications systems from a 4 megabits per second token ring connection to a 100 megabits per second Ethernet connection. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/changing_technology.html (2 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:47 PM] 132 Changing Technology

Photo by Richard Barnes

On behalf of the Librarian of Congress, Deputy Librarian Donald Scott (left) presented retiring ITS Director Herbert Becker with the Distinguished Sprvir.p. award.

Mr. Becker also noted that the Library has historically been a leader in many areas of the technology revolution. Outside of the scientific research community, the Library has been close to the cutting edge of technology, according to Mr. Becker. Early in the 1990s, when he began to serve as the Legislative Branch representative to the National Information Infrastructure (N II) Task Force, Mr. Becker noted that agencywide electronic mail was a novelty in many federal agencies. By comparison, a Library-wide e-mail system was already in place. With the aim of building "a seamless web of communications networks in the United States and around the world," one of the NI l's first assignments was to get its members connected through e-mail so they could work more easily together to support this initiative.

Similarly, the Library was quick to connect to the Internet when it was still in its infancy.

The Library's first use of the Internet during the early 1990s made possible a joint software development project with IBM to replace the Library's 3270 Comterms (mainly used for cataloging and searching the Library's databases) with more standard personal computers that could be used for word processing and many other functions. At the time, IBM's subcontractor on this project was located in England. "Since we could test the software being developed with them electronically over the Internet, we didn't get to visit in person," joked Mr. Becker.

On a serious note, Mr. Becker said that one of the themes of his

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/changing_technology.html (3 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:47 PM] .133 Changing Technology tenure as ITS director has been to make the Library's computer hardware and software more standardized by purchasing and implementing products that are commercially available and supportable. While customizing the Library's systems made sense when there were no products on the market to meet its information needs, the situation has changed. Mr. Becker believes that what is to be gained from standardization outweighs what is lost by no longer customizing its systems to specific Library applications.

On April 30, 1993, the Library's card catalog debuted on the internet.

"I wish I had kept my notes from the planning meetings," said Mr. Becker, who recalled a lively debate on the subject. "Some thought it would be just a novelty and that people wouldn't really use it." Today it remains one of the Library's most popular online resources. "The Library can be proud of its role in making geographic boundaries irrelevant in terms of the ability to communicate and share its resources."

Mr. Becker, who still keeps a box of vintage IBM punch cards in his desk, made some observations about the impact of the technology revolution.

"Technology is ahead of our ability to deal with the issues that come with implementation." said Mr. Becker. "The technology was quick to deploy, but the impact on social institutions is not as easy to manage. The barriers are no longer hardware and software, but our imagination in dealing with issues such as privacy, security and copyright. "As the inctitutinn thnt P^ntnins the r'opyright ^ffico, the Ubrary is sensitive to the issue of intellectual property rights. Balancing intellectual property rights with the ability to provide global access to electronic resources is an enormously complex issue, which will no doubt pose a challenge to this generation and most likely the next generation."

Similarly, Mr. Becker noted the challenges associated with managing large-scale digital assets. While the Library is accustomed to upgrading its systems and software periodically, in the past the amount of information to be migrated from old systems to new ones was manageable.

"In the future, we will be talking in terms of migrating petabytes [1,000 gigabytes] of information, not merely gigabytes." http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/changing_technology.html (4 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:47 PM] 134 Changing Technology

A case in point was the recent implementation of the Integrated Library System, which involved the migration of data from old legacy systems.

"The volume of these digital records was relatively small," said Mr. Becker. He also noted that the time period from their original creation in the late 1960s to the 1999 migration was also relatively short. "But what about long-range data migrations-50 years, 300 years, 500 years? These issues must be tackled or else the value of having vast digital resources will be diminished."

One of the most rewarding experiences of Mr. Becker's career at the Library has been his participation in the successful effort to provide the American public with information on how Congress works through the development of the THOMAS public legislative information system, and the Legislative Information System used by members of Congress and their staffs.

"This was a landmark experience," said Mr. Becker, who believes that many Americans take for granted free access to information. "Once the doors are opened on how government works, they are not easily closed. In fact, the desire is to open them even wider."

Since the inception of THOMAS in January 1995, many parliamentary leaders and representatives of other nations have contacted the Library to learn how to manage their legislative information.

"Thay or=, fnsi-int0d :vitb, the tochInology, but thIe policy iss-Jes arc just as important," he observed. "Clearly, a government can use technology to communicate effectively with its citizens, if that is what the government wants to do."

"Maybe it's just my own perspective upon leaving the Library," said Mr. Becker, "but with regard to the use of technology, I believe this is just the end of one chapter with many chapters yet to be written." The Library of Congress is the nation's library and an international library, and it will continue to remain a premiere institution."

Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist in the Public Affairs Office. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/changing_technology.html (5 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:47 PM] 135 Changing Technology

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/changing_technology.html (6 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:47 PM] 136 'Reforming Global Capitalism' The LIBIZARY qf CONGRESS Information Bulletin February 2001 'Reforming Global Capitalism' George Soros Reflects on the World Economy

BY CRAIG D'OOGE

Financier George Soros came to

CURRENT ISSUE the Library of Congress on Jan. 22 to discuss the views expressed in PREVIOUS NEXT ARTMLE ARTICLE his new book, Open Society: Reforming Global Capitalism.

The Library ef Congress WEBSITE Photo by Paul Hogroian The Library Today George Soros and James America's Billington Library American Memory Mr. Soros is a longtime supporter of various projects at the Library of Exhibitions Congress, ranging from an exhibition of "Secrets from the Soviet THOMAS Archives" to fellowships for librarians from Central and and the former Soviet Union. The program was sponsored by the Copyright Office Center for the Book as part of its "Books and Beyond" author series. Collections & Services The Librarian of Congress introduced Mr. Soros and moderated the Home question-and-answer session.

GerYing Around Mr. Soros manages one of the most successful investment funds in the world, the Quantum Group of Funds. Largely through currency Help & FAQs speculation, he has amassed a personal fortune worth billions. Search the Site Site Map But after mastering financial markets, he decided to take on Search the something new. Evidently there was not enough uncertainty for him in Catalog foreign exchange, so he decided to speculateon governments. Along the way, he has become a sort of "lapsed capitalist," a harsh critic of http://www.Ioc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/open_society.html (1 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:51 PM] 137 'Reforming Global Capitalism'

the very system he exploited. "I am the classic limousine liberal," he once said.

His principal means of speculating on governments is the Open Society Fund, a foundation he started in New York in 1979. It has since grown into a network of foundations that operate in 31 countries throughout Central and Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union and Central Eurasia, as well as southern Africa, , Guatemala and the United States. In 1999 his foundation network spent $560 million. His foundations are known for backing innovative projects with measurable results, such as an attempt to eradicate tuberculosis in Soviet prisons. Often their efforts are opposed by local governments.

"It is much easier and simpler to make money than do good," Mr. Soros said.

In discussing his new book, Mr. Soros decided to begin with the conclusion and work backward to his reasoning. What the world needs now, according to George Soros, is an alliance of democratic countries that would both foster the development of "open societies" throughout the world and lay the groundwork for a world governed by "open society" principles. Markets are global and outrun the ability of individual governments to control them. Sovereignty is a "somewhat archaic concept." The only solution seems to be a form of global government.

The "open society," a term he borrowed from his mentor, the philosopher Karl Popper, can be defined loosely as a government of frsr ro-se. thse beep!es by the beep!eCAI na 1.1 it..4 1-0%.Cit.1.7G I IG 1../G IIG V GO, along with Cardinal Richelieu, that "states have no principles, only interests," Mr. Soros is fundamentally skeptical of a government's ability to provide for the moral and material needs of people, so his open society alliance would include elements of civil society as well.

The United Nations has failed, in his view, because its structure is intergovernmental and its delegates represent governments rather than the people, as envisioned by its charter. Capitalism has failed, in his view, because there are collective social needs, such as disease control, environmental threats and education, that a free market ignores. Mr. Soros called this "the Capitalist Threat" in a controversial article in the Atlantic Monthly a few years ago. At the Library, he went even further, calling "market fundamentalism" a greater threat to http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/open_society.html (2 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:51 PM] 138 'Reforming Global Capitalism' individuals than either communism or socialism because of the widespread belief that free economic competition can cure all the world's ills.

At the core of his philosophy is the belief that truth cannot be known because the state of knowing changes what is known, or, as he says in his book, "the relationship between thinking and reality is reflexivethat is, what we think has a way of affecting what we think about."

Applied to markets, this means that the interaction of individual decisions affects the market in unpredictable ways. Applied to classical economics, it means there is no such thing as "rational expectations" that tend toward a perfect equilibrium of supply and demand, because changes in price shape demand and supply. Applied to political theory, it means that the "open society" cannot be described because it is something that people must be allowed to choose for themselves.

It is a political theory that only someone with a high tolerance for uncertainty and risk would be comfortable with.

"Maybe this sounds far-fetched, utopian and wooly in the abstract," Mr. Soros conceded more than once, "but the open society has to be built piece by piece. It is the totality of arrangements, particularly under the international rule of law. It is an ideal based on the recognition that the ultimate truth is beyond our capacity. But it can be achieved if we acknowledge an imperfect society that holds itself open to irnprovomGrt. Anything else can only be enroiced by compuision."

Mr. Soros knows this can work, because he has seen it. He is encouraged by a meeting of foreign ministers that took place in Warsaw last summer, along with a similar meeting of leaders from civil society. And he is encouraged by the part played by his foundations in mobilizing civil society to overcome oppressive regimes in Slovakia, and Yugoslavia. Other indications of a move toward the open society include such things as the Jubilee movement for forgiveness of debt in low-income countries, the effort to ban land mines and the Global Witness program to ban the international trade in diamonds used to finance civil wars. These are all signs of a global "open society."

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/open_society.html (3 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:51 PM] 139 'ReforminiGlobal Capitalism' Still, Mr. Soros would rather work through existing institutions by reforming them than by working against them. He thinks the United States should lead this effort, but only if it adopts a "multilateral" approach that takes differing views into account instead of its traditional "unilateral" stance based on American exceptionalism.

"Let's face it, the U.S. occupies a hegemonic position," Mr. Soros said. "The U.S. is in a better place to reform institutions than any other country. But we have an existential position to taketo what extent do we want to be a superpower and to what extent a leader of democracy?"

Nowhere is the tension between these two identities more apparent than in the "amazing" disparity between our military expenditures and our expenditures for foreign aid, Mr. Soros said. He drew laughter from the overflow audience when he said the difference was on the order of 100 to 1, "like the pâté in the Soviet Union that was one part goose liver and one part horse meat."

According to Mr. Soros, U.S. reluctance to dispense direct foreign aid persists in spite of the fact that foreign aid is a very cost-effective form of crisis prevention. Once something becomes a crisis, it often becomes a military matter, which is very expensive. Mr. Soros acknowledged that the current state of foreign aid is considered a "morass," but he believes it could be made better if it were designed to meet the needs of the recipients rather than the donors.

Asked by the Librarian to single out an international institution that Ilel k 11, R I A 1 chni14 I IJC4II7I uivi ii iou, ivil . uu ulol IlJe LI I VVUI IUDc111K.

"The provision of global public goods is not best served by traditional lending activities," he said.

Nevertheless, through the "financial gimmick" of having governments guarantee loans that are never called in, the World Bank is able to borrow money at AAA rates and reloan it for a profit. This profit is used successfully to fund small projects, but the much larger program of loans does not work because narrow national interests determine which loans are approved. Oppressive governments are rewarded, since all loans have to go through them. In addition, he said, some global problems such as AIDS do not allow a country to create the money to repay loans. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/open_society.html (4 of 6)[3/15/02 1:52:51 PM] 140 'ReformingGlobal Capitalism'

Commenting on the situation in Russia, Mr. Soros said that U.S. intervention was not sufficient because the United States went through the International Monetary Fund instead of using its own funds.

"There is no way a nonfunctioning government can meet the terms of the letter of intent required by the IMF," he said, and $15 billion "disappeared."

in contrast, the sort of trust fund that he envisions could have been used to fund the Russian social security system. Millions of people could have been helped by payments of $5 or $6 a month. Although his idea was rejected at the time, he did proceed to hand out $500 each to some 30,000 to 40,000 Russian scientists, giving them the means to stay in the country.

"I can take risks. I can act in an entrepreneurial way," he said.

He is now involved in efforts to strengthen self-government in Russia's provinces, because "if governments are run from the center, they are bound to be autocratic." He has given books to 5,000 provincial libraries and helped them get wired to the Internet.

Asked if he wanted a new international organization to replace the United Nations, Mr. Soros said he thought the United Nations was useful, but that we need to "lower our expectations" about what it can accomplish. It could be reformed, through his proposed alliance of open societies that could act as a "majority party" in the organization. This is a!ready hc..v inin vvh11/4,h countiles WUItogetherLu do things (such as keeping the from rotating into the chair of the Security Council), but he acknowledged that some countries would not like such an alliance. Sounding like the CEO of the world, he said, "those countries would be allowed to leave."

But perhaps nowhere did he sound more like a CEO than in answer to the Librarian's final question of the evening, which was, "How can you sustain a global open society in a world where resources are not sustainable?"

"Life is lived at the edge of chaos," he said. "There is great adaptability in societies. There are not necessarily limits to growth." http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/open_society.html (5 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:51 PM] 141 'Reforming Global Capitalism' Later, watching him in the lobby signing dollar bills that people presented for autographing (and thus increasing their value on the spot), it was hard not to agree.

Mr. D'Ooge is a public affairs specialist in the Public Affairs Office.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/open_society.html (6 of 6) [3/15/02 1:52:51 PM] 142 'Meeting aFrontiers' Updated

* f,

,C7 -1710 4.1 FPhrunry 9001 51,

S 'Meeting of Frontiers' Updated New Maps and Photos Added to Web Site

BY CRAIG D'OOGE

A map of the world by Peter CURRENT ISSUE Apian, ca. 1584, from the Elmer PREVIOUS NEXT ARITCLE ARTICLE Rasmuson Library at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks

TheLibraryof Congress WEB SITE Maps and photographs from the Elmer E. Rasmuson Library at the The Library Today University of Alaska Fairbanks, the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg and the Russian State America's Library Library in Moscow are now available online at the "Meeting of Frontiers" Web site, international.loc.gov. American Memory Exhibitions "Meeting of Frontiers" is a congressionally funded project to create a THOMAS bilingual, English-Russian digital library that chronicles the Copyright Office experiences of the United States and Russia in exploring, developing and settling their frontiers and the meeting of those frontiers in Alaska Collections & Services and the Pacific Northwest. With these additions, the site includes approximately 80,000 images from the project partner institutions in Home the United States and Russia. These itemsrare books, maps, manuscripts, photographs, films and sound recordingstell the story Geang Around of the explorers, fur traders, missionaries, exiles, gold miners and adventurers who peopled these frontiers and their interactions with the Help & FAQs native peoples of Siberia and the American West. Search the Site Site Map Search the Catalog

http://www.Ioc.gov/Ioc/Icib/0102/frontiers_update.html (1 of 3) [3/15/02 1:52:55 PM] 143 'Meeting o.f Frontiers' Updated

An Ainu-Giliak (shaman) from the village of Agnevo near the post of Due, part of Innokentii Pavlovskii's photo study of Sakhalin Island, ca. 1890, courtesy of the National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg

The Library of Congress is lending high-resolution digitizing equipment to libraries in Moscow, St. Petersburg and several Siberian cities to use in scanning unique and rare materials relating to the frontiers theme. The Library is also working with the University of Alaska Fairbanks to acquire digital copies of rare materials relating to Alaska. Scanning operations in Siberia will be carried out with support from the Open Society Institute of Russia.

Among the materials added to "Meeting of Frontiers" as a result of these partnerships are 62 maps that document the discovery and mapping of Alaska and the North Pacific; Views of Sakhalin Island, an of photographs taken in the 1890s that provide rare glimpses of life in this Russian penal colony; and The Clipper Ship Razboinik, an album from the photograph collection of Czar Nicholas ll that documents the 1889 Arctic voyage of the clipper Razboinik (Pirate). Other collections are being digitized and will be added to the "Meeting of Frontiers" site in 2001-2002.

The Russian clipper Razboinik as it set sail on a voyage through the Arctic in 1889, courtesy of Russian State Library in Moscow

"Meeting of Frontiers" is the Library's first major digital project involving international material and extensive cooperation with foreign institutions to obtain digital images for the Library's collections. It is the first component of "International Horizons," an international digital library project that builds upon the Library's National Digital Library Program. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/frontiers_update.html (2 of 3) [3/15/02 1:52:55 PM] 144 'Meeting a Frontiers' Updated

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/frontiers_update.html (3 of 3) [3/15/02 1:52:55 PM] 145 Beowulf iriBraille and Recorded Sound The LIBRARY of CONGRESS 4ZV" Information HiUlltjfl

z;1 04) FPhrunry 9001 New from the National Library k-"friaecvs Sprvina Beowulf in Braille and Recorded Sound

CURRENT ISSUE The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) has announced the publication in recorded and braille formats PREVIOUS NEXT ARTICLE ARTICLE of poet Seamus Heaney's critically acclaimed new version of Beowulf, the anonymous epic poem that is often said to mark the start of the

TheLibraryofCongress English literary tradition. WEB SITE The Nobel Prize-winning poet's long-awaited new translation of The Library Beowulf was initially commissioned by publisher W.W. Norton in the Today mid-1980s. The Old English classic about the exploits of a heroic America's Scandinavian clan chieftain was a best-seller on summer 2000 Library booklists. In advance of its renewed popularity, NLS selected the book American for production in braille and recorded formats because of its high Memory literary distinction. Exhibitions THOMAS The braille edition of Beowulf hashew) prnriir.Rri by NI Rin Copyright Office cooperation with the National Braille Press. In the Braille edition, Old Collections & English is treated as a foreign language and rendered in uncontracted Services grade 1 braille (braille in which every letter is represented by a braille Home character and the abbreviations or contractions that streamline the use of braille are eliminated).

Gtharg Around Narrated by Patrick Horgan, the audio version of Beowulf was Help & FAQs produced in the studios of the American Foundation for the Blind in Search the Site New York City. The modern English text of the poem and some Site Map explanatory material are followed by Mr. Heaney's commentary and then the narration of the Old English version. Search the Catalog Emerging from an ancient oral tradition, Beowulf was originally an http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/beowulf.html (1 of 4) [3/15/02 1:52:58 PM) 146 Beowulf in Braille and Recorded Sound exciting story meant to be read aloud. In addition to serving its constituents, NLS has produced a recording that restores the poem to its original intentions.

The finished recording will provide patrons with complete access to this literary masterwork, with the original language, translation and scholarly commentary intact.

Beowulf is available to eligible NLS users through their cooperating network libraries.

The History and Significance of Braille

Braille: Into the Next Millennium, a 600-page anthology of articles by international experts in the field of braille, has been published jointly by the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) of the Library of Congress and the for Blind and Physically Handicapped Individuals in North America.

In his foreword, NLS Director Frank Kurt Cy Ike notes, "With a tactile medium such as braille comes literacyspelling, writing and broad communication possibilities are open and available. With literacy comes the possibility of freedom. With freedom comes the possibility of endless achievementfrom pleasant living to significant social contributions. Personal and institutional commitments to braille by enthusiasts in the United States have helped advance literacy for blind individuals in North America and have therefore advanced the possibility of freedom for thousands."

The book is in three parts. Part I, "Braille in the Past," covers the origins of braille, embossed in the United States and the home of in . Part II, "Braille in the Present," includes 18 articles on such diverse subjects as the literary code, mathematics and music codes. Part III, "Braille in the Future," discusses braille as a predictor of success, electronic distribution of braille and future braille codes and fonts. In addition, there is an appendix of ASCII braille characters, a list of contributors and an extensive bibliography.

According to the book's editor, Judith Dixon, consumer relations officer for NLS and originator of the concept for the book, "We trace braille from its beginnings through the myriad of current uses and also http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/beowulf.html (2 of 4) [3/15/02 1:52:58 PM] 1 ArY Beowulf in Braille and Recorded Sound take a peek at the future. Each author is an expert in his or her field and has brought to this work a perspective that can be acquired only through experience and a profound closeness to the subject."

Kenneth Jernigan, who served for many years as prpsiriPnt of the National Federation of the Blind, states in his preface, "It is in this atmosphere of renewed opportunity and hope that the current book is produced. It will make a valuable contribution to the new emphasis on braille, and it will give historical background and perspective. It will also synthesize and draw together present thinking and point the way to the future."

The book will be available in braille and recorded formats for NLS readers by January 2001. Print copies have been supplied to libraries and universities in the United States and Canada through the Friends of Libraries for Blind and Physically Handicapped Individuals in North America.

Single print copies are available at no cost upon request to the Reference Section, National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20542; telephone (202) 707-5100.

For additional information, contact: Robert E. Fistick, Head, Publications and Media Section, National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20542; telephone: (202) 707-9279; e-mail: [email protected]; NLS Web site: www.loc.gov/nIs.

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149 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/beowulf.html (4 of 4) [3/15/02 1:52:58 PM] Digital Futures The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin Febr....ary 2001 Digital Futures Library Workshop Focuses on Developing Competencies

BY SUSAN WOLFE

CURRENT ISSUE The Library invited representatives from major library professional and PREVIOUS NEXT ARTtCLE ARTICLE educational organizations, including the American Library Association (ALA) and organizations focusing on the future of federal information

ne Library of Concireiss technology professionals to participate in a Jan. 10 workshop, "The WEB SITE Identification and Development of Competencies in the Digital Futures Environment of Libraries." The Library Today Winston Tabb, associate librarian for Library Services, explained the America's rationale for the workshop. "The Library's success in implementing its Library National Digital Library strategy depends on its ability to rapidly American develop a workforce with the knowledge and skills to acquire, select, Memory organize, preserve and make accessible collections both in digital and Exhibitions traditional formats," he said. "By collaborating with experts in both THOMAS library science and information technology. we will develop a Copyright Office competency model that will guide our efforts to recruit and train Collections & employees capable of working with new and continually evolving Services digital forms of expression." Home Supported by the Library's Digital Futures Group, this effort to identify the competencies required for digital librarianship will involve a sustained dialogue among professional library associations, library Help & FAQs and information science program educators and the federal information technology community. Also attending the workshop were Search the Site representatives from the Association for Library and Information Site Map Science Education, the Special Libraries Association, the American Search the Association of Law Libraries, the Society of American Archivists, the Catalog National Academy of Public Administration and the Chief Information

http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0102/digital_futures.html (1 of 2) [3/15/02 1:53:00 PM] 150 Digital FuCures

S. Officers Council.

The workshop gave participants the opportunity to:

gain a shared understandina of the job skills required by major libraries and related professional organizations and the federal government to capture, select, preserve and make available digital information; FF discuss the impact of these competencies on the training and career-development needs of staff in professional and nonprofessional library and related positions;

discuss the need for possible curriculum enhancement to include digital technology training in national library and information science and related degree programs; and,

identify the connections among the competencies required of future information technology professionals, especially in the federal sector, and the digital library environment.

Ms. Wolfe is in the office of the Director of Operations in Library Services.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/digital_futures.html (2 of 2) [3/15/02 1:53:00 PM] 151 News frorr1 the Center for the Book The LIBRARY of CONG ESS Inforniation Bulletin February 2001 News from the Center for the Book Library History Seminar X Convenes

CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT ARTtCLE ARTICLE

%Is

MeLibrary./ Congress WEB SITE

The Library_ Today America's Library r, American Memory Exhibitions Photo by Charlynn Spencer Pyne THOMAS -Copyright Office Librarian of Congress Emeritus Daniei Boursiin and Librarian of Collections & Congress James Billington welcome seminar participants. Services Home "National Libraries of the World: Interpreting the Past, Shaping the GalirtyArouad Future," the Library of Congress Bicentennial symposium held on Oct. 23-26 (See Information Bulletin, December 2000), also was designated Help & FAQs Library History Seminar X, continuing a 40-year seminar series Search the Site established by American library historians when the first seminar was Site Map held in Tallahassee, Fla., in 1961. John David Marshall of Search the Murfreesboro, Tenn., one of 16 historians to participate in the first Catalog Library History Seminar, was an honored guest at Library of Congress on Oct. 23-26.

http://www.Ioc.gov/Ioc/Icib/0102/cfb.html (1 of 6) [3/15/02 1:53:04 PM] 152 News fron1 the Center for the Book

The 1961 seminar was hosted by Louis Shores at Florida State University 14 years after Mr. Shores and another library-history pioneer, Wayne Shirley, established the American Library History Round Table (now the Library History Round Table) of the American Library Association. At thp I ihrary of rongrpcc nn June 97, 1998, the r'enter for the Book hosted a program that marked the 50th anniversary of the Library History Round Table. (See Information Bulletin, December 1998). The papers presented at the program, edited by Andrew B. Wertheimer and Donald G. Davis Jr., were published in the winter 2000 issue of Libraries & Culture (Volume 35). On the occasion of Library History Seminar X, the Center for the Book published Library History Research in America: Essays Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Library History Round Table, a hard bound volume containing the papers and an index (see story, bottom).

On Oct. 23, Dr. Billington, Associate Librarian for Library Services Winston Tabb, Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole and Librarian of Congress Emeritus Daniel J. Boorstin welcomed some 150 participants and Library of Congress staff attending the sessions. Dr. Billington said that the presentations and discussions for the next four days would "reach out both internationally and back into the past to broaden and enrich all of us." He noted that more than 25 distinguished library historians from 12 countries and 32 national library directors would be speakers and panelists. He asked participants to explore the potential of digital and other technologies to create a global library, while preserving, restoring and honoring historical collections and unique traditions.

Photo by Charlynn Spencer Pyne 153 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/cfb.html (2 of 6) [3/15/02 1:53:04 PM] News fronl the Center for the Book

Library historian John David Marshall, who in 1961 participated in the first Library History Seminar, with John Cole.

The first two days of the symposium, organized by Mr. Cole, focused on historical topics, particularly "Library History in 2000: The State of the Art" (Oct. 23), and "National Library Development" (Oct. 24). The final two days, organized and chaired by Mr. Tabb, emphasized current and future issues facing national libraries, especially digital activities.

On Oct. 23, leading library historians and editors of major journals spoke about changes in the field of library history and current research in their respective countries and fields. Speakers included Boris Volodin, Russia; Huanwen Cheng, China; Peter Hoare, England; Peter Vodosek, ; Keith Manley, England; Dominique Varry, France; Donald G. Davis Jr., U.S.; Magnus Torstensson, ; Edward A. Goedeken, U.S.; Peter McNally, Canada; Phyllis Dain, U.S.; Paul Sturges, England; Wayne A. Wiegand, U.S.; Alistair Black, England; and William V. Jackson, U.S.

Photo by Charlynn Spencer Pyne

I 3Nre7s r% / c.4",ri " en071.,e1 oNelinet;ric.4....-±4...... c. es.-te+ietirs.-.11,-..-1 isnesle orlese4 .11 I. /I cal yI 1.J I ICAI I AI 1%4 C-4,6111111111JUCALVII J VI/ I IL/ 1JCA I sovetacAl%, %A II IVIL.44%.rta Hermina Anghelescu, Romania; Dominique Varry, France; Donald Davis Jr., U.S.; Irene Owens, U.S.; Huanwen Cheng, China; Gwynneth Evans, Canada...

Sessions on Oct. 24 began with keynote talks by Maurice Line, editor of Alexandria: The Journal of National & International Library and Information Issues, and Giuseppe Vitiello, program adviser, Electronic Publishing, Books and Archives, Palais de l'Europe-Counseil l'Europe. Mr. Line told how his view about national libraries has changed since his first involvement with them in 1970, and Mr. Vitiello addressed "National Libraries in the Age of Globalization."

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/cfb.html (3 of 6) [3/15/02 1:53:04 PM] 154 News frori1 the Center for the Book

Photo by Charlynn Spencer Pyne

41, K.4 Keynote speakers Giuseppe Vitiello and Maurice Line -NV addressed the development and future of national libraries in the global age.

Speakers during the day addressed specific topics regarding national library development. They included: Hideshige Hara, Japan, "National Libraries and Copyright Deposit: To Create a Legacy for Mankind:" Rebecca Knuth, U.S., "One People, One Culture: Libraries and Nationalism:" Hermina G.B. Anghelescu, Romania, "The National Library of Romania: A Continuation of Old Traditions or a Communist Creation?;" Jorgen Svane-Mikkelsen, Denmark, "Historical Development of National Library Tasks in Denmark:" Gwynneth Evans, Canada, "The National Library of Canada:" Sun Beixen and Huanwen Cheng, China, "The National Library of China:" William V. Jackson, U.S., "National Libraries in :" Paul Sturges, England, "The Poverty of Librarianship: National Library Services of Anglophone Africa," Irene Owens, U.S., "Two National Libraries and Ten 'Homelands:' A Brief History of the 1999 Merger of the National Library of :" and Mary Niles Maack, U.S., "National Libraries in Francophone Africa."

I

Photo by Charlynn Spencer Pyne

...Boris Volodin, Russia; Alistair Black, England; Mary Niles Maack, U.S.; Magnus Torstensson, Sweden; Peter Vodosek, Germany; and Peter Hoare, England.

Overall perspectives about national library development were presented by Ian Willison, University of London; Martine Poulain, http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0102/cfb.html (4 of 6) [3/15/02 1:53:04 PM] 155 News frotit the Center for the Book Universite de Paris X: Kenneth E. Carpenter, Harvard University Libraries; and David McKitterick, Trinity College, Cambridge, England. The final session was a slide presentation, "The National Library Debate in 19th Century America," by Mr. Cole and Nancy E. Gwinn, director of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries.

New Book about Research in Library History Published by the Library of Congress 1 Library History Research in America: Essays Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Library History Round Table has been published by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress. The 279-page hard-bound volume contains papers presented at the Library of Congress on June 27, 1998, when the Center for the Book hosted a program marking the 50th anniversary of the American Library Association's Library History Round Table. The papers, edited by Andrew B. Wertheimer and Donald G. Davis Jr., appeared in the winter 2000 issue (Volume 35) of the journal Libraries & Culture, which is published by the University of Texas Press. The book is enhanced by a 21-page index prepared by students in the Library and Information Science Program at Wayne State University in , under the supervision of Hermina G. B. Anghelescu and supported by the family of Oivind M. Hovde (1911-1986). The volume includes a preface by Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole and an introduction by the editors.

The 16 essays in the book are divided into four sections: "Library History Research in America"; "Critical Approach to Library History"; "Pioneers ot the Library History Hound Table"; "New Directions for Library History"; "Library History and Cognate Fields"; and "The Library History Round Table and the State of Library History Research."

Library History Research in America is available for $35 from Oak Knoll Press, 310 Delaware St., New Castle, DE 19720; telephone (302) 328- 7232; toll-free (800) 996-2556; fax (302) 328-7274. It can be ordered online at: www.oakknoll.com/pressrel/libhisr.html. It also is available in the Library of Congress Sales Shop.

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MeInformation LI BRA RY of CONGRCSS Bulletin ." .141.110410Akira. ZEIN March 2001 Vol. 60, No. 3

Hannah Arendt Papers Online

PREVIOUS NEXT issue ISSUE ON THE COVER Historian and philosopher Hannah Arendt was among MrLibrary of Congress the most prominent political WEB SITE theorists of her generation. Photo illustration by Andrea The Library Today Dillon, National Digital Library America's Program. Library American Cover Stou Memory The Hannah Arendt papers, located in the Library's Exhibitions Manuscript Division, are one of the principal sources for the THOMAS study of modern intellectual life. Selections have been made Copyright available online. Office Collections & Services LC and OCLC Home The Library of Congress and the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) will develop a prototype for a new reference service based on the Library's Collaborative Digital Reference Nathyr Around Service pilot.

Help & FAQs Telling More Tales Search the Site New stories have been added to the Library's award-winning Site Map "America's Library" Web site for children and families. Search the Catalog New from the National Library Service The NLS will welcome visitors from Russia and Eastern Europe as part of the Network Library Program of the Open Society Institute.

Organizing for Action Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson offered the keynote address for the Library's African American History Month program

Minorities in Muslim Cultures The Library sponsored the final event in a five-part series of international symposia on globalization in Muslim societies.

Report Issued The Library and the Architect of the Capitol are working to correct possible fire hazards found in the Library's three buildings.

News from the Center for the Book

158

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159

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I I

March 2001 TiYie INoridi of Hannah Arendt Selection of Papers of Political Philosopher Now Online

BY JEROME KOHN

Thepapersoftheauthor,

CURRENT ISSUE educator and philosopher

PREVIOUS NEXT Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) are ARTICLE ARTICLE one of the principal sources for the study of modern intellectual life. Located in the Manuscript Thr. Library.1Congress WEB SJTE Division at the Library of Congress,theyconstitutea The Library largeanddiversecollection Today reflecting a complex career. The America's papers contain correspondence, Library articles, lectures, speeches, American book manuscripts, transcripts of Memory Adolf Eichmann's trial Exhibitions proceedings, notes and printed matter pertaining to Arendt's THOMAS writings and academic career. The entire collection has been Copyright Office digitized and will be available beginning this summer to Collections & researchers in reading rooms at the Library of Congress, the Services Home New School University in New York City and the Hannah Arendt Center at the University of Oldenburg in Germany. Parts of the collection are now available on the Library's American awing Around Memory Web site www.loc.qov; the final release of the online collection will be this summer. The current preview of selections Help & FAQs from Arendt's writings also includes an essay on Arendt's Search the Site intellectual history, a chronology of her life and an EAD finding Site Map aid of the Arendt Papers. The digitization of the Hannah Arendt Search the Papers is made possible through the generous support of the Catalog Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

io enter the world of Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) isto encounter the political and moral catastrophes of the 20th century. Her life spanned the convulsions of two world wars, revolutions and civil wars, and events worse than war in which human lives were uprooted and destroyed on a scale never seen before.

Hannah Arendt with her grandfather, Max Arendt

r She lived through what she called "dark times," whose history reads like a tale of horrors in which everything taken for granted turns into its opposite. The sudden unreliability of her native land and the unanticipated 160 I of 9 3/21/02 1:33PM The World of pannah Arendt http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0103/arendt.html

peril of having been born a Jew were the conditions under which Arendt first thought politically, a task for which she was neither inclined by nature nor prepared by education.

Insecurity and vulnerability are the general conditions, as she came to realize, in which an urgently experienced need to think IQ politirnI, though not, to be sure, in a con ventiunal ov. Ful the traditional view of politics, which may be summarized as the perceived usefulness of government in securing the people's private interests, is in times of crisis precisely what has failed. In her determination to think through the darkness of the 20th century, Arendt discerned a radically different meaning of politics, whose source was the original clearing, in the midst of a plurality of human beings living, speaking and interacting with one another, of a public space that was brought into existence notforutilitybutforthesakeofhumanfreedom.

The River of Words poster is available from the International Rivers Network.

There is abundant evidence that Arendt's understanding of what it means to think politically has struck a responsive chord inthe contemporary world.Inrecent years,increasing numbers ofpeople have turned to her as a guide they trust intheir need to understand for themselves and realize in their own lives the courage it takes to be free. The earliest of Arendt's writings in the collection dates from 1925, when she was 19, and the latest from 1975, the year she died. By far the greater part of them comes from the period after her emigration to the United States, in 1941, as World War II raged in Europe.

Born in 1906 into a well-established, nonreligious German Jewish family, Hannah Arendt was raised in Konigsberg, the ancient capital of East Prussia. At the end of World War II, that strategic port on the Baltic Sea was ceded to the Soviet Union, its namechanged toKaliningrad,afterthe Russian revolutionary M.I. Kalinin, and its German population dispersed. ThP fnfa KiinfrOchørg, t^d.y tut was sealed when itfell under the sway of not one but two totalitarian regimes, first Hitler's and then Stalin's.

Unlike the city of Konigsberg, however, Arendt could and did move. As a young Jew working for a Zionist organization, she was arrested, escaped and fled her homeland in 1933. By way of Prague and Geneva she made her way to Paris and from that moment on was in effect stateless, a woman without a country. She was to remain so for 18 years. She knew from her own experience how "the infinitely complex red-tape existence of stateless persons," as she wrote to in 1946, fetters free movement, and from that experience came her insight that the denial of the right to citizenship, prior to any specificrightsofcitizenship,isintegraltotheriseof .

161 2 of 9 3/21/02 1:33 PM The World ofsHannah Arendt http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0103/arendt.html

"AffidavitofIdentityinLieuof

ma. Passport," in which Arendt wrote, "I famee.r. CA. with to use this document in lieu of .474: a passport which I,a state-less

'V person, cannot obtain at present."

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Arendt believed that the right to a i ,!1`. .111.0,11.41RA citizenship, the right of a plurality of people "to act together concerning things that are of equal concern to each,"is not onlydeniedby totalitarianism, asitisby every despotism, but stands opposed to the principle that guides the acts of destruction that characterize totalitarian systems. That principle is an ideology explaining the entire course of human affairs by determining every historical event and all past, present and future deeds as functions of a universal process. Looking deeper into the phenomenon of totalitarianism Arendt saw that the "idea," the content, of the ideology matters less than its "inherent logicality," which was discovered separately and prized by both Hitler and Stalin.

In broad outline, ideological logicality operates like a practical syllogism: From the premise of a supposed law of nature that certain races are unfit to live, it follows that those races must be eliminated, and from the premise of a supposed law of history that certain classes are on their way to extinction, it follows that those classes must be liquidated. Arendt's point is that the untruth of the ideological premises is without consequence: The premises will become self-evidently true in the factitious world created by the murderous acts that flow from them in logical consistency.

Hannah Arendt at the University of Chicago, ca. 1965.

Intheir adherence to the logicalityoftwo utterly mm.itedik distinct ideologies, one that originated on the far right -- and the other on the far left, Arendt found Nazism and Stalinism to be more or less equivalent totalitarian systems. If the ruined city of Konigsberg couldspeak after having witnessed the terror, the killings by torture and starvation under the regimes of both Hitler and Stalin, it is doubtful that it would point out significant differences between those regimes. To focus on the different content of racist and communist ideologies only blurs what Arendt at first thought of as the "absolute" and "radical" evil they both brought into the world. Her emphasis on the logical deduction of acts from ideologicalpremises,moreover, islinkedtoherlater understandingofevil,stemming fromthetrialof Adolf

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Eichmann, as "banal," "rootless," and "thought-defying." The logicality of totalitarian movements accounts for their appeal to the atomized and depoliticized masses of mankind, without whose support those movements could not have generated their immense power. Thus Hitler's "ice- cold reasoning" and Stalin's "merciless dialectics" contribute to Arendt's uncertainty as to whether any ntner totniitnrinn ragimach,v. .xisted-- perhapsinMao's China,butnotinthe despotisms of single-party or military dictatorships (seeThe Origins of Totalitarianism, "Introduction," third edition, 1966).

In 1941, after France fell to the Nazis, Arendt escaped from an internment camp in unoccupied Vichy, first to , then to Lisbon and finally to New York with little money and practically no English- language skills, once again a refugee from totalitarian persecution. But in America she found more than refuge. Within a year and consistently thereafter she published articles of a political nature, in a new and at first only half- mastered language, unlike anything she had written before leaving Germany. Only 10 years later, after assiduous work, she published The Origins of Totalitarianism ,her first major book and a tremendously complicated one. That it was first conceived as a study of imperialism suggests that when Arendt starteditshe saw Nazism and Bolshevism as a radical development of the 19th century European phenomenon of colonizationand as what shethencalled"full-fledged imperialism."

The book, however, grew and shifted ground as it was written, and in its final form totalitarianism appeared as an entirely new form of government, one that had no historical precedent, not even in the harshest of despotisms. The book also underwent major revisions in subsequent editions. Its original conclusion was replaced by an essay written in 1953, "Ideology and Terror: A Novel Form of Government." An epilogue on the Hungarian Revolution was addedin1958 andlaterdeleted,and substantial new prefaces were written in 1966 and 1967.

Althoughshortlyafteritspublication TheOriginsof Totalitarianism was hailed as a justification of the Cold War, that was not Arendt's intention. By that time the Cold War was being fought against the Soviet Union and its satellites and not against totaiitarianism, wnicn, according to Arendt, had ended in the Soviet Union, or at least had begun to end, with Stalin's death in 1953. Furthermore, the Cold War obscured the fact that the historical elements that had coalesced in totalitarian movements remained intact throughout the world and by no means only behind the Iron Curtain. Arendt's portrait appeared on the cover ofThe Saturday Review of Literature, a popular American literary magazine of the day. Her fame, which at times approached notoriety, increased with her subsequent publications and has continued to grow posthumously. Today her place among a handful of profoundly original, influential and controversial political thinkers of the 20th century is secure. In 1951, the same year that The Origins of Totalitarianism was published, Arendt became an American citizen, formally marking a new beginning in her life.

This new beginning in America and its political orientation, while constituting a break with the tradition of Western thought, has been misunderstood as a break with the past itself. Arendt 163 4 of 9 3/21/02 1:33 PM The World ofpannah Arendt http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0103/arendt.html

made a decisive distinction between a fragmented past that can be retrieved to give depth to the present and the continuity of a past handed down from generation to generation (tradition) across many centuries. She did not deconstruct the past but dismantled itstraditional structure as a uniform stream or unbroken thread that leads progressively from the past to the present ?MI frnm thP pracantint"the future. She was convinced that the advent of totalitarianism in the 20th century had irreparably ruptured the continuity of history and that the complacency of the idea of historical progress is deleterious to political life.

Arendt saw the present as a "gap " in which every individual's active recollection and deliberately selective retrieval of the "no longer" fosters responsibility for the "not yet." While the ability to respond to the past does not determine the future, it does throw light on it. In her seminars, which always had a historical dimension and which she conducted as if they were miniature public spaces, she urged her students to participate: "Insert yourself," she would say, "and make the world a little better."

Arendt never forgot her foundation in the German language and in German philosophy, particularly in the thought of Immanuel Kant. She was only 14 when she first read Kant, who in the 18th century had also lived in Konigsberg and, despite serious controversy with the Prussian autocracy over his teaching of religion, never experienced a need to leave it. The differences in the external circumstances of their lives notwithstanding, Arendt's appreciation of Kant deepened as she grew older. She increasingly came to esteem the subtlety of his philosophically radicaldistinctions,theroleof imaginationinhiscritical philosophy, his equanimity in destroying the shibboleths of metaphysics, andhisrecognitionof human freedom as spontaneity. To her he was more than the philosopher who reconfiguredtheEuropeantraditionbydiscoveringthe conditions prior to experience that make experience possible in our knowledge of the world, in our moral conduct and in our capacity to judge the beautiful and sublime. He was present to her she used to say she sensed him looking over her shoulder as she wrote -- as the last and greatest champion of humanity and dignity.

To plumb the depths of her fundamental concept of plurality as the essential condition of political life requires some familiarity with her unorthodox approach to Kant. In Kant's late work on aesthetics Arendt discoveredthepoliticalsignificanceof common sense, the world-orienting sense that both unites what appears to the private senses and fits what is thus united into a common world. That discovery was crucial, for the agreement of common sense realizes a world that lies between human beings, keeping them distinct and relating them, a shared world in which they can appear and be recognized as unique beings. In the last analysis, recognition of human uniqueness is the same thing as equality in freedom, which for Arendt is the raison d'être of political life. Kant not only revealed to Arendt a way of seeing of the 20th century, i.e., the refusal of totalitarian regimes to share the world with entire races and classes of human beings and, before that, the superfluity of the world-alienated masses who supported those regimes, but also pointed a way to go beyond that crisis by accepting the challenge of restoring a common world.

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The humanistic education to which Arendt was naturally drawn and received at the universities of Marburg and Heidelberg also deepened throughout her life. She studied philosophy, ancient Greek literature (poetry and history as well as philosophy) and Christian theology because she loved wisdom and tragic beauty snd wAs p1177IPH lP" hy tha exicti.nce than the exactions of a transcendent God of love. The teachers who exerted the greatest influence on her were and Karl Jaspers, whose "existential" philosophies were considered revolutionary by their peers and by themselves. With Heidegger and Jaspers, Arendt studied the tradition of philosophic thought from the vantage point of its self-conscious conclusion, and with them both she developed lifelong personal and intellectual relationships, equally meaningful but different in kind.

Karl Jaspers, 1961; , undated

Heidegger awakened in Arendt a passion for thinking, and that awakening, sometimes acknowledged and sometimes not, pervades her work. With him she experienced the awestruck wonder of pure existence that begins the activity of thinking. What Heideggercalledthe"facticity" (Faktizitat) and "thrownness" (Geworfenheit) of human being, the "naked that it is," not how or what or where itis, at one time led Arendt to think that a new political philosophy miaht be developed from the shock of "speechless horror," akin to "speechless wonder," atthe crimesoftotalitarianism.She thought thenthat Heidegger indicated a way to "directly grasp the realm of human affairs and human deeds," which no philosopher had ever done. She gave up that idea, or at least altered it beyond recognition, because of what she also learned from Heidegger: Philosophical thinking is "out of order" in the everyday world of common sense from which the thinker, the thinking ego, withdraws. Although habituated to the activity of thinking, Arendt was haunted by this withdrawal. In the end she turned away from philosophy because she did not believe its truths were relevant to the realm of human affairs. Not the truth but the ever changing meanings of the phenomena of the actual world were the "products" of thinking that increasingly concerned her. A philosopher such as Heidegger may dwell in a "land of thought," withdrawn from the world, but a political thinker like Arendt returns to the world where every nonanalytical truth becomes a meaning, in her case an often controversial meaning, an 165 6 of 9 3/21/02 1:33 PM The World of Hannah Arendt http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0103/arendt.html

opinion among the opinions of others.

Karl Jaspers introduced Arendt to a trans-historical, public realm of reason where it was possible to exist in the present and think in living communication with thinkers of the past, which is one important way that she retrieved the past. From Kant via Jaspers she derived her nntihn nf an autonomous faculty of judgment, and through active, public participation in the realm of reason she developed her own formidable power of judgment. If anything did, it was her exercise of that faculty that eventually reconciled her to what she once referred to as "this none too beautiful world of ours." That remark, made in 1944 at the height of the war against Hitler, is tempered by her beiiet. that "aii sorrows can be borne" if,like the chorus in a Greek tragedy, their witness sufficiently distances himself from them, fits them into a story and tells and retells that story. Dramas are made to be repeated, stories to be recounted and retold, in order to keep their meaning alive. Although she did not write fiction, Arendt believed that stories and not the methods of social, political and historical science capture the contingency of human events; and like all great storytellers she realized that the meaning of a story can never be entirely abstracted from it.

What she said in 1944 also differs markedly in mood from what she wrote almost 30 years later, toward the end of her life, about our natural fitness to perceive the diversity and the beauty of the world's appearances. That too is ultimately a function of judgment, of its "disinterestedness" or disinclination to evaluate appearances according to the standard of their usefulness.

Arendt examined the intricacies of St. Augustine's concept of love in her dissertation written under Jaspers's direction, an extremely personal work composed in the dense style typical of German scholarship of the period. Although her dissertation bears no indication of any interest in contemporary politics, a decidedly nontraditional Augustine, less Christian than Roman, wouldlaterplay avitalroleinher rediscovery of the prephilosophical,political conception of action.Inhis De Civitate Dei, Arendt found the perfect representation of her view of human beings as beginnings: Indium ut esset homo creatus esi Idi d beginning be made man was created") not only concludes The Origins of Totalitarianism but resonates as a leitmotif throughout her work. Nor is any political concern explicit in her second, ambiguously subjective, book, published in 1958, on Rahel Varnhagen, in which she dealt historically and critically with the question of Jewish social assimilation, in this case the vicissitudes of the life that an extraordinarily intelligent German Jew elected to live at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. Arendt wrote most of the book while stillin Germany (the first draft was completed in 1933) and completed it during the Paris years at the urging of Walter Benjamin and Heinrich Blucher -- "rather grumpily," presumably because its subject had become "remote" to her. By that time Arendt, as a Jew, had endured a rude political awakening, and the failure of Rahel Varnhagen to establish "a social life outside of official society" would take on a far darker aspect in The Origins of Totalitarianism.

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'NA

AMERth. "grIngOWN

Arendt met Heinrich Blücher (picturedin photo above with Arendt, ca. 1950) in 1936 in Paris, where he was a non-Jewish politicalexile, and married him therein1940. Under his influence, her mind was opened not just to Jewish politics but to the political as such. At the end of , in 1918, Arendt was only 12 years old, but Blucher, seven years her senior, had fought inthat war, experiencedits devastation and atits conclusion became an active leftist participant in the riots, strikes and street battles that led to the establishment of the German Republic. A member of the Berlin working class who had a limited formal education, Blücher was politically savvy and aware, as Arendt could hardly have been at that time, of the fundamental changes taking place in those postwar political upheavals. BlOcher revealed to Arendt a realm of political reality at the core of the actual world, a realm capable of generating human freedomand, when corrupted, human bondage. Although Arendt consistently avoided situating herself on the left, right or center of the political spectrum, Blucher became her political conscience, not only when she wrote The Origins of Totalitarianism ,which she dedicated to him, but throughout their life together.

The intellectually and spirituallyrarefied world of Hannah Arendt's youth was to be shattered by the rise of Nazism in Germany. Itis not possible to araspA renrit meaning wnon she writes of the newness of totalitarianism without realizing that not only her own world but the greater German world of which hers was a part -- the world of inherited religious beliefs and moral and legal standards thought to be eternal -- would be swept away. It must have been as difficult for her as it is for us to comprehend totalitarianism as neither necessary nor entirely accidental, as something brought forth by human beings of her own country and her own generation right in the heart of European civilization and not as some monstrous thing that attacked it from the outside. It must have been difficult for her to write about what she wanted to destroy rather than preserve. And it must have been difficult for her to think about the evil of totalitarianism, since, as she eventually came to see, that evil defies thought.

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ButArendt(picturedat right,in1975 photo) did think, write and try to understand what forher was the real turning point of the 20th century. As she put itin thP prPfPrP tn tha firet edition ofThe Origins of Totalitarianism, "The subterranean stream of Western history has finally come to the surface and usurped the dignity of our tradition. This is the reality in which we live." As her thought expanded beyond the framework of that work, her concern with the entire range of phenomena she associated with totalitarianism grew broader and deeper.

Among the most valuable and interesting features of the Arendt Papers at the Library of Congress is the presentation of her lecture notes and manuscripts,including those ostensibly dealing with Karl Marx but which in fact reach back to the beginnings of political philosophy. These documents furnish indisputableevidencethatArendt'sefforttounderstand totalitarianism continued in the early 1950s. Other documents make clear that her search for understanding continued beyond that period and underlies much of what she wrote inThe Human Condition and -- which, when read apart from the archival material in her papers, have frequently been seen as distinct from that search. Indeed, it can now be said that Arendt's effort to understand totalitarianism continued to the end of her life. Her work on the faculty of judgment, just begun at the time of her sudden death, was to have dealt with the way individuals bereft of moral rules and legal strictures can recognize evil and stand up and say no to it.

Mr. Kohn is director of the Hannah Arendt Center at the New School University in New York City. All photographs courtesy Hannah Arendt Trust.

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Ctx.r>ci

O ;XL-0, March 2001 k4/4Nv.:4 oeis Digital Reference Project Advances Library and OCLC to Develop Prototype

The Library and the Oniine Corn puter Library Center (O(LC) of Dublin, Ohio, have agreed to develop a prototype for a new reference service based on the Collaborative Digital Reference PREVIOUS NEXT ARTICLE ARTICLE Service (CDRS) pilot, which the Library and 16 participating libraries began early last year.

7/1, Library of Congress Now in its third phase, the pilot project has expanded to include WEB SITE more than 60 libraries and other institutions internationally.

The Library Today The goal of the Collaborative Digital Reference Service is to America's provide professional reference service to researchers anytime Library anywhere, through an international digital network of libraries American and related institutions. The collaborative service will have Memory these advantages: Exhibitions THOMAS It will provide a reliable and authoritative knowledge Copyright Office navigation service to a broad spectrum of users any Collections & place in the world with an Internet connection. Services Home Skilled reference librarians will hunt for answers in a large, searchable archives of authoritative information findauthoritative Codify? Around providedby CDRS institutions, information from Web sources or forward questions Help & FAQs that can be best answered by the expert staffs and from Search the Site specializedcollectionsof CDRS institutions Site Map around the world. Search the Catalog The project will increase visibility and support for libraries everywhere.

Availabletousers even whenlibrariesareclosed,the Collaborative Digital Reference Service will serve as a question "clearing house," providing information from electronic sources at hand orreferring questions to an appropriate CDRS institution. A library stumped by a user's questions may turn to CDRS reference specialists for help.

The Library of Congress will guide overall development of the serviceandcontinuetodesignkey elementsofthe collaborative digital reference effort begun under the leadership of Diane Nester Kresh, director for public service collections. Through this collaborative effort, the Library issetting the standards for providing electronic information and reference services.

According to the cooperative agreement that the Library and OCLC signed, OCLC will provide technical support and help develop the CDRS pilot by building and maintaining a database ofprofilesofparticipating CDRS institutionsand a question-and-answerdatabasethatwill enableCDRS 169 1 of 3 3/21/02 1:34 PM Digital Reference Project Advances http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0103/ocic.html

participants to catalog answers and store them in a searchable file. OCLC will also provide administrative support for CDRS, including marketing, registration, training and user support.

"By linking libraries for reference services, the CDRS would combine the power of local collections and staff strengths with the diversity and availability of libraries and librarians everywhere, 24 hours a day, seven days a week."

Diane Nester Kresh Director for Public Service Collections

Together, the two organizations will promote CDRS in the library and research communities and will continue to identify ways in which technology, coupled with the subject strengths and navigation skills of librarians, can serve the needs of all information seekers.

The Library and OCLC co-sponsored a symposium on "Building the Virtual Reference Desk in a 24/7 World" at the Library on Jan. 12, which was attended by more than 600 librarians attendingtheAmericanLibraryAssociation'smidwinter conference in Washington. Symposium speakers described their experiences with virtual reference services in academic and public libraries in the United States.

Ms. Kresh provided an overview of the Collaborative Digital Reference Service during the symposium. "By linking libraries for reference services," she said, "the CDRS would combine the power of local collections and staff strengths with the diversity and availability of libraries and librarians everywhere, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. There would always be a librarian available to provide to users located anywhere the interchange and experience of trained assistance in providing access to collections and resources both analog and digital."

Chip Nilges,director of new product planningat OCLC, informed the audience that OCLC was exploring several possibleroles in the cooperative referenceservices anvironmant that couk1 indude SuppurUiiy emerging networks, delivering a low-cost alternative for local use, and supporting cooperative efforts to deliver reference services through the Internet.Inhisconcluding remarks, Frank Hermes, vice president for planning and marketing at OCLC, said that "cooperative reference services is central to the OCLC strategy, and it is also central to the future of libraries and librarianship."

Both the library and the popular press have been watching this story with a great deal of interest. In addition to an article and a feature in Wired magazine that appeared last fall, the February issue of Library Journal featured Ms. Kresh on its cover and carried an extensive story on this project and related e-reference programs.

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171 3 of 3 3/21/02 1:34 PM New Stories in 'America's Library' http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0103/amlib.htm1

March 2001 New Stories in 'America's Library' Award-Winning Site Registers More than 75 Million Hits

New stories have been added to the "Amazing Americans" and "Explore the States" sections of the America's Library Web site for kids and families, available at www.americaslibrary.qov. In PREVIOUS NEXT ARTICLE ARTICLE just nine months, from its debut on April 24, 2000, until Jan. 31, 2001, the site has registered more than 75 million hits.

The Unary e Congress WEB SITE 1-r, Mark Twain, Pocohantas The Library Today America's Thesitehasalsoreceived Library numerous awards: the National Association of Government American Communicators' Blue Pencil Award for Best Web Pages for Memory 2000; 2001 Notable Children's Web Sites, from the American Exhibitions Library Association; Best 'Hot Sites' of 2000, from USA Today; THOMAS Forbes magazine and Forbes.com's "Best of the Web"; the Copyright Office "Standard of Excellence Award" in the Web 2000 Awards from Collections & Services the Web Marketing Association; the "2000 New Media Invision Home Bronze Award for Best Education Site for Kids"; and the "Gold Mercury Award" in MERCOM's Mercury Awards Competition

17eftivAround Below, Cesar Chavez; right, Help & FAQs Search the Site Site Map Search the Catalog This new Web site, which was designed to present history in a fun and interesting way using photographs, sounds,snortfilms and other visual elements, has recently added 14 new "Amazing Americans," including Amelia Earhart, W.E.B. Du Bois, Pocahontas, King Kamehameha, Cesar Chavez, Frank Lloyd Wright and Mark Twain. There are three stories for each new Amazing American and interactive "teasers" that draw users to the new stories about such topics as Earhart's flying exploits, Du Bois's quest for equal rights for all Americans, Kamehameha's success in uniting all the islands of Hawaii, Wright's lasting impact on modern architecture and Twain's great American novel.

W.E.B. Du Bois

In the "Explore the States" section, an interesting story about each state and theDistrictof Columbia is now available. Do you want to know where and how theicecream cone was invented?Or how coalpower fueledthe industrialrevolution? Or who was thefirst Spanish explorer to visit the Grand Canyon? The answers are 172 1 of 3 3/21/02 1:34 PM New Stories in 'America's Library' http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0103/amlib.html

in "Explore the States."

America's Library is a project of the Public Affairs Office and the National Digital Library Program of the Library of Congress. It marks the first time in its history that the Library of Congress hascreateda publicserviceadvertisingcampaignin partnership with the Ad Council to promote a service. This campaign "There Is a Better Way to Have Fun with History ... Log On. Play Around. Learn Something" -- was created through the Ad Council, withcreative services donated by DDB Worldwide in Chicago.

The spots can be heard on radio and seen on television and the Internet. The Ad Council is a private, that has been the leading producer of public service communications programs in the United States since 1942. The council supports campaigns that benefit children, families and communities. The communications programs are national in scope and have generated strong, measurable results. Ad Council campaigns, such as "Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk," "Take a Bite Out of Crime," and "A Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Waste," have helped to save lives and resources, to educate the public about issues and concerns of the day and to make America a healthier country in which to live. In 1998, Ad Council campaigns received more than $1 billion in donated media time and space.

DDB Chicago is the largest of the DDB agencies worldwide, with more than 750 employees and 1999 billings of $1.2 billion. The agency works for a strong roster of blue-chip clients such as Anheuser-Busch, Energizer, FTD, General Mills, Lands' End, McDonald's, Sara Lee,State Farm and US West Communications.

"America's Library" was designed by 415 Productions Inc. of . 415 Inc. is a full-service Web development firm providing custom online solutions that combine integrated strategy,cutting-edgetechnology, creativedesign and innovative user experiences. From Fortune 500 enterprises to internationallyrecognizedartsorganizationsandupstart dot-coms, 415's clientsinclude Macromedia, McGraw-Hill, Hewlett-Packard. Credit Suisse. . Fairmont Hotels. Intel, , Lego and Providian Financial.

The content of the Web site has been reviewed by historians in the Library of Congress as well as by Distinguished University Professor of Americanhistory James B.Gilbertatthe University of Maryland.

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174

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March 2001 Still Fighting for Equality Rep. Johnson Offers African American History Keynote

BY CHERYL McCULLERS

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The Library Today America's t.ibrary American MemorY Exhibitions THOMAS Copyright Office Collections & Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson Services Home "Who would have thought we would still be marching about voting rights in the year 2001?" So asked Rep. Eddie Bernice aynwsAround Johnson (D- Texas) during her delivery of the keynote address for the Library's African American History Month program on Help & FAQs Feb. 13. This year's theme was "Creating and Defining the Search the Site African American Community." Site Map Search the Voting rightsis one of the many issues of concern to this .Cataloq fifth-term congresswoman, particularly in the aftermath of the recent presidential election. Recalling the prophetic words of Martin Luther King Jr., Rep. Johnson said, "ii is imporiani io vote because one day that vote will determine who will lead our nation."

Inadditionto representing her Texas constituents,Rep. Johnson also serves as head of the 37-member Congressional Black Caucus for the 107th Congress.

"Every black American looks to us for leadership," she said. "But the Congressional Black Caucus's agenda goes beyond the black agenda and opens doors for all people." She lists workers' rights, the minimum wage, affirmative action and access to education as some of the issues affecting many segments of the population. "There's not a single thing that we do in Congress that's only for black Americans," she said.

Rep. Johnson's concerns for the community began early in her childhood. The second child of four, Eddie Bernice Johnson grew up in a close-knit neighborhood in Waco, Texas, on a block where people from all walks of life -- from maintenance

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men to college professors resided and looked out for one another. "Wewere disciplined by everyone in the neighborhood," she recalled. Her parents, who worked to register voters and raise money for the poll tax (a tax imposed to keep segments of the population from voting), were her "political, cultural and spiritual role models." From her father, chP !anrned dchating skiHs. From her mother, she developed a quiet strength. Both have served her well in her political life.

With her parents' strong work ethic and no-nonsense rules firmly ingrained in her, she enrolled at St. Mary's College at the at the early age of 16 and completed her degree in three years. Of her accelerated pace in college, she explained, "There were two of us in college at the same time. My parents simply told me to put my mind to it and finish and that's what I did."

Upon completing a degree in nursing, she returned to Texas, where she began working at the Dallas Veterans Hospital. Now earning a paycheck, she stopped at a booth where a woman was collecting poll taxes. She was promptly given "a lecture on the importance of voting" and asked to make a list of potential voters, regardless of their ability to pay the tax. Although not old enough to vote herself, Eddie Bernice did that and more. In addition to registering voters, she worked on public health issues throughout Dallas. She then turned her attention to her place of employment. Recognizing the importance of job opportunity and job security, she organized thefirstunionat thehospital."Idid my homeworkfirst. I memorized every personnelruleand regulation that related to opportunity and nonopportunity at the Veterans Hospital."

Volunteering by day and working at night, she was exposed to the racial bigotry prevalent in Dallas. To help promote racial equality and understanding, she formed coalitions among organizations such as the National Council of Jewish Women and the National Council of Negro Women. To change the attitudes and practices of the segregated city, she organized a group of "50 Sensitive Black Women." The group's sole purpose was to integrate downtown Dallas. Of this challenge Kep. Johnson said,"It taught me that unity can make a difference. We bought cameras and took pictures for the newspapersofpeoplethatpatronizedstores we were boycotting. Eventually stores closed."

With the experience gained from community organizing, Rep. Johnson soon became a political powerhouse in Dallas. First elected to the Texas House of Representatives in 1972, she quickly made a name for herself as an advocate for workers, childrenandfamilies. In 1977President appointed her regional director of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. In 1986 she was elected state senator, becoming the first African American woman from the Dallas area to be elected to this office since Reconstruction. In 1992 she was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. The discrimination she encountered as a young volunteer worker and state senator stilldrive Rep. Johnson in her crusade to fight injustice today. Incensed by racial slurs from the state comptroller, Rep. Johnson forced his removal and 176 2 of 3 3/21/02 1:35 PM Still Fighting for Equality http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0103/johnson.html

was instrumental in recruiting Robert Bullock for the position. Bullock went on to become lieutenant governor in Texas under then governor George Bush.

"I've never been able to understand why I'm despised because of my skin color. What is the fear? Isn't it silly that this nation has come along witb.out having the benefit of the b,rain power that all of us could bring to the table? Our diversity makes us a nation of nations. That is our beauty and that is our power."

Despitetheirdifferencesontheissues,Rep. Johnson anticipates an amicable working relationship with President Bush and Vice President Cheney, both Texas natives. "They know me andtheyknow my issues."Thepresident acknowledged this at a recent meeting with the Congressional Black Caucus when he jokingly said to Rep. Johnson, "I know you real well."

Ifit was a personality contest, Rep. Johnson said she might well have voted for George Bush. "But it's not about personality or party, it's about the issues," she said. Rep. Johnson's belief is echoed in the Congressional Black Caucus's theme, coined by former caucus chairman William Clay, "no permanent friends, no permanent enemies, just permanent issues."

"My issues will be the same as they have always been. They are access to educational opportunities for poor children, equal resources for inner-city schools and tax cuts that will also benefit the working class of this nation."In stressing the importance of education, she said, "We have gone from being concerned with reading, writing and graduating to making sure that we aredigitallyincluded. The bottomlineisbeing educationally included." Ms. Johnson's current status as a "triple minority" (black, female and Democrat) has only increased her resolve. "I cannot lose courage just as you cannot. We must continue to open doors, write our history and intertwine ourselves with this society because this is our nation."

Ms. Mc Cullers is on detail in the Public Affairs Office.

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177 3 of 3 3/21/02 1:35 PM Minorities in Muslim Societies http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0103/muslim.html

March 2001 Minorities in Muslim Societies Library Hosts Fifth Globalization Symposium

BY MARY-JANE DEEB

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The Library Today America's Library Dunstan Wai, Magda Gohar-Chrobog and the author during American the last of the Library's five-part series on globalization in Memory Muslim societies. Photo by An Chi H. Dianu. Exhibitions THOMAS On Jan. 30, the Library's African and Middle Eastern Division Copyright Office OfficeofScholarlyProgramsco-sponsoreda Collections & and the Services conferenceon "GlobalizationandMinoritiesin Muslim Home Societies." The conference was the last in a five-part series of international symposia on globalizationin Muslim societies, made possible by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. Geitiv Around Carolyn Brown, assistant librarian for Library Services and Help & FAQs acting director of Area Studies, welcomed the more than 80 Search the Site guests and Library staff members during her opening remarks. Site Map Search the The first panel, chaired by this writer, focused on "Minorities: Catalog Trends and RegionalPatterns."MajidFakhry,professor ,srzy,ritz.: of !s!rnic phi!^ophy thc Arn.,rin I in Beirut, addressed the issue of minorities in the pre-Islamic and Islamic civilizations that dominated the Middle East. While the concept of the "other" existedinthe Greek, Roman and Phoenician civilizations,it was based primarily on the national or ethnic identities of minorities that lived within the respective empires. Withthe advent ofIslam,national and ethnic boundaries disappeared, and the "other" became the religious other: the Muslim as distinct by faith from the non-Muslim. Among non- Muslims, the "People of the Book," i.e. Christians and Jews, became "protected" minorities, who in the Ottoman empire operated within a system that allowed them autonomy in all matters related to personal status. Mr. Fakhry maintained that this status still exists today in many countries of the Middle East where Christians and Jews are minorities.

Dunstan Wai, a senior adviser to the vice president of the World Bank, described the impact of globalization on ethnic, racial and religious minorities in Eastern Africa. He argued that globalization affected them differently: While some thrived, like the Asian minorities in Kenya and Tanzania because of their 178 1 of 3 3/21/02 1:35 PM Minorities in Muslim Societies http://www.loc.gov/1oc/lcib/0103/muslim.html

traditionally important role in business and trade, others did not. In the particular case of the southern Sudanese, for example, globalization made itpossible for the state to increase its control and means of repression over its ethnic and religious minorities. On the other hand, exposure of the mistreatment of minores through the worldwide media has led to global assistance for these minorities.

Magda Gohar-Chrobog, a public policy scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, addressed the issue of religious diversity in Middle Eastern societies and focused on the problem of the Coptic minority in Egypt. Ms. Gohar-Chrobog maintained that Islamic fundamentalism has eroded the status of Copts in Egypt, and whereas they played a very important role in government and politics in the first half of the 20th century,theirrolehasbeenseverelycurtailedby the government today under Islamic pressure. She said she hoped that with globalization and the economic and technological advances made in Egypt, there would be a greater liberalization and democratization of the political system and that all citizens, irrespective of their religious affiliation, would become equal under the law.

The second panel, chaired by Prosser Gifford, director of the Office of Scholarly Programs, began with a presentation by Suheil BushrUi, Bahái chair for World Peace at the University of Maryland, on globalization and the Bahái community. He maintained that the founder of the Bah 6i faith believed in "the creation of a truly global society and...emphasized the necessity of creating a universal global consciousness, a new spiritual awareness and a new responsibility." For Baháis, Mr. Bushrüi said, a future global system would include such global institutions as "a democratically elected world parliament," an international judiciary, an international police force, a worldwide communications system and many other features that would ensure that such a system would be a just one and benefit the whole of humanity.

The next speaker was Claire Mouradian, a research professor at the National Center for Scientific Research in Paris, who discussedtheconflictbetween Armenia and Azerbaijan. Although the conflict is often described in ethnic and religious terms, Ms. Mouradian argued, it is the result of the breakup of the Soviet "empire," whereby new and old nations emerged from "colonial" rule. She maintained that Russia also was interested in perpetuating the conflict to maintain its control over a "geo-strategically" important region of the world.

The final speaker was Edmund Ghareeb, a specialist on , who teaches at American University in Washington, D.C. He provided an overview of the problem for Kurds in Turkey, and Iran, noting that they are one of the largest minorities in the Middle East without a national homeland. Although more than 90 percent of the Kurds are Muslim, they are ethnically and linguistically distinct from Turks, Arabs and Persians. Mr. Ghareeb told how the Kurds have not been integrated into the social and political fabric in any of these countries, and they have suffered for it. He said he hoped that with globalization and the new economic and political opportunities available in the region, some solution to the Kurdish problem would be found.

179 2 of 3 3/21/02 1:35 PM Minorities in Muslim Societies http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0103/muslim.html

Mary-Jane Deeb is the Arab world area specialist in the African and Middle Eastern Division.

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180

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1

March 2001

8 Moving Toward a Safer Library Compliance Office Issues Fire Safety Report

BY GAIL FINEBERG

A yeariong fire-safety investigation of the Library's three Capitol

CURRENT ISSUE Hill buildings found "inadequate or ineffective fire barriers to

PREVIOUS NEXT retard the spread of fire and smoke, inadequate exit signs, ARTICLE ARTICLE deficient smoke detection and emergency lighting, inadequate sprinkler coverage and dangerous storage of flammable and toxic materials." 77. Library of Congress WEB SITE U.S. Office of Compliance "a The Library inspectorsalsofound Today regrettableconsistencyin America's the lack of proper testing Library and maintenance of major American electrical systems and of fire Memory safety systems, such as fire Exhibitions alarms,smokedetectors, THOMAS sprinklers, suppression Copyright Office systems and emergency Collections & generators." Services Home These and more detailed findings are contained in a public report issued Jan. 25 by the

Goring Around Office of General Counsel, Office of Compliance, which began inspections in the Adams Building about one year ago, on Jan. Help & FAQs 12, continued during the summer in the Jefferson Building and Search the Site finished this winter in the Madison Building. Site Map Search the The Office of Compliance inspection team, including Thomas Catalog Seymour, an independent fireprotection engineer with a national reputation for his expertise in fire safety, assessed compiiance with Occupationai Safety and Hewn Act (OSHA) standards for a hazard-free workplace and with National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards for protection against fire hazards.

Said the Library's safety officer, Robert S. Browne: "The Library of Congress wholeheartedly endorses thisinitiative and is committed to achieving the highest level of safety possible. The Library of Congress commends the Office of Compliance on the thorough and comprehensive report on building fire safety issues and the professional manner in which this investigation was conducted."

The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) maintains Library buildings and is responsible for most fire safety systems and devices. Library Police are responsible for monitoring the fire alarm system, staffing fire alarm control centers and responding to fires and other emergencies. Library managers and staffers are responsible for following appropriate fire safety practices.

Frank Tiscione, who seven months ago became the AOC 181 1 of 3 3/21/02 1:35 PM Moving Toward a Safer Library http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0103/fire.html

supervising engineer at the Library, said, "Our goal is to make sure these buildings are safe." Mr. Tiscione said 80 percent of the problems identified in the Office of Compliance report can be corrected with current AOC funding and staff, within 1.5 to 2 years. "It is our intent to respond to all findings as quickly as possible," he said, adding that a task team of some 10 AOC ctoffmrc ic nIrcinrhi nf Isa->nreic

However, he said, the other 20 percent of the corrective work is structural and will take longer to fund through the congressional budget cycle.

Mr. Tiscione said studies completed this coming summer with special FY 2000 funds should provide constructioncost estimates, butitcould take another four years to obtain appropriated funds and complete the work, which will involve changes to historic buildings.

Both Mr. Browne and Mr. Tiscione noted that the inspection was a cooperative undertaking of their agencies with the Office of Compliance.

Mr. Browne said the Library is responsible for about 25 percent of the problems noted. "Of all the issues out there, one in four is ours," he said. "We've gone through the confidential report [an inventory of hazards to be abated] item by item and identified who is responsible for each one."

Mr. Browne said the Libraryisresponsible for fire-safety training and education "to change habits" and regular audits to ensure that fire doors are not blocked; all pathways to safety are clear of any obstruction (trash, pallets, furnishings); books and other stored materials are not blocking sprinkler heads; chemicals are stored properly; telephones are workingin remote stacks; and signs are adequate. Library Police are being trained to operate new fire command center software, he said, and they need training to operate fire extinguishers. "We are formulating a plan to address the report. We are answerable to the Office of Compliance," Mr. Browne said.

The Library is not the only Capitol Hill agency subject to safety inspections, and its safety hazards are similar to those found recently in congressional office buildings and the Capitol.

For nearly allof their histories, these buildings had been exempt from safety regulations, fire codes and local or state fire inspectors' audits. In passing the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995, Congress made itsfacilities and employees subject to the same safety laws that applied outside the legislativebranch.Thislaw,fromwhichtheOfficeof Compliance draws its regulatory authority, required "employing offices to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Act standards and maintain workplaces that are free of recognized hazards likelyto cause death or serious physical harm," according to the report. In 1997 other provisions of the 1995 Congressional Accountability Act applied fire safety standards to congressional buildings, including the Library.

The compliance office report noted that some Library safety hazards identified during inspections were corrected promptly, and work orders were written to correct others. The Office of

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Compliance acknowledgedit may take "months" to fix the problems, which are itemized in a confidential report of more than 200 pages. "Finally, there are a number of serious fire hazardsremainingthatwillrequireadditionalfundsor institutional changes to remedy," the report said.

Gary Green, -general counsel in the '1/4:)ffice of .'7,onipliance, said hazard abatement citations "are under review" by his office; he could not say how many citations there will be or when they will be issued.

The Architect of the Capitol and Library of Congress will report their proaress to the Office of Compliance every three months.

Ms. Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, the Library's staff newsletter.

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183 3 of 3 3/21/02 1:35 PM News from the Center for the Book http://www.loc.goviloc/lcib/0103/cfb.html

0 , I 6

March 2001 News from the Center for the Book State Center Update

State Center Renewals

CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT The mission of the national Center for the Book is to stimulate ARTICLE ARTICLE public interest in books, reading and libraries. To extend this mission to the state and local level, the national center has authorized affiliated centers in 41 states and the District of 711, Library of Congress Columbia. Florida, approved in 1984, was the first state center. WEB SITE Arkansas, the District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, Mississippi The Library and West were approved in 2000. Most of the state Today centers are located in state libraries or large public library America's systems,butfive(Maine,Minnesota,Montana, Nevada, Library Tennessee) are in state humanities councils. Affiliations are for American three-year periods, and state centers must formally apply for Memory each three-year renewal. Renewal applications describe past Exhibitions accomplishments and future events and projects, including THOMAS plans for funding. During 2000, the national Center for the Book Copyright Office approved applications from all nine affiliated state centers due Collections & for renewal. The renewed state center affiliates and their Services founding dates are: Colorado (1988), Connecticut (1997), Home Georgia (1998), Idaho (1994), Illinois (1995), (1.995), Maine (1998), Nevada (1998) and Vermont (1994). For further

(-wain! Around information about the state center affiliates program and links to the affiliates, visit the Center for the Book's Web site at Help & FAQs www.loc.ciov/cfbook. Search the Site Site Map California Emphasizes Statewide Activities Search the Catalog ThenewlyrevitalizedCalifornia Center l'or the Buok [lien keti iis firsi anniversary in January 2001. Librarian of Congress James H. Billingtoninauguratedthenew center on Jan. 21 in a ceremony at UCLA's Royce Hall (see InformationBulletin,April2000). The event officially recognized the restructuring of the center, which now comprises 12 partner publicCalifornia Center and academic libraries from Shasta fOr the County to San Diego, and the move of the center's headquarters from theCaliforniaStateLibraryto 0 0 UCLA's Graduate School of Education and Information Studies. Sid Berger, previously the head of Special Collections at the University of California-Riverside, is the center's director. The California Center for the Book is funded for three years by the California State Library. In the inaugural issue of CrackerBarrel, the center's newsletter, Mr. Berger described the center's aims as bringing"literacy, enlightenment and the enjoyment of 184 1 of 4 3/21/02 1:35 PM News from the Center for the Book http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/0103/cfb.html

reading to all Californians." In a California Center for the Book "Update" published in the January 2001 issue of California Libraries, Assistant Director Natalie Cole outlined the wide variety of programs that the center and its partners had sponsored throughout the state and the center's intention "to serve as a statewide clearinghouse and resource for the dissemination of successful ideas and programming initiatives.

Colorado Moves into Its Newly Restored Home Last year, the Colorado Center for the Book completed a $250,000 renovation of its headquarters in Denver, a 110-year- old literary landmark that was the home of the late poet laureate of Colorado, Thomas HornsbyFerril. In Junethecenter co-hosted with the New York Review of Colorado Center Books a Denver event during the annual for the Book conference of the American Association of University Presses. Other continuing Colorado Center for the Book projects include: "Authors in the Classroom," "Letters About Literature," "Colorado Summer Reading Program," the annual Colorado Book Awards and the annual Mountain Book Festival. The center is a 501(c)3 organization.

Louisiana Promotes Writers and Jazz The Louisiana Center for the Book, a statewide project of the State Library ofLouisiana,has grown steadily since it was established in 1995. Its projectsin 2000 included the inauguration of LOUISIANA CENTERLouisianaWritersMonth FOR THE BOOK and the Louisiana Writer Award;spearheadingthe efforttoestablishtheLouisiana WritersNetwork,being developed with the Louisiana Division oftheArts; co-development and sponsorship of the first Louisiana Young Readers' Choice Award; presentation of "Jazz with Ken Burns and Foie! ids," pubiic program featuring fiimmaKer and author Ken Burns and clarinetist Alvin Batiste; and, in conjunction with the PBS broadcast of Burns's history of jazz in America, development of a statewide, traveling exhibition of the jazz portraits of Herman Leonard.

Maine Receives Major NEH Grant 011 TO REi\D The Maine Center for the Book,adivisionofthe 41,1tr Maine Humanities Council, reaches statewide through nine programs and a variety of projects. The center was greatly strengthened in 2000 through a major challengegrant to the council from the National Endowment for the Humanities. The center's major programs 185 2 of 4 3/21102 1:35 PM News from the Center for the Book http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0103/cfb.html

include:"BorntoRead,"afamilyliteracyprojectthat encourages adults to read to babies and young children; "New Books, New Readers," reading and discussion programs for adults who are new or infrequent readers; and "Let's Talk About It," reading and discussion programs in libraries and other community settings. Through nearly 700 group programs throughout the state, its programs rearthpd morA thnn 10,000 individuals in more than 100 cities and towns last year.

Nevada Center for the Book Has a New Home

TheNevadaHumanitiesCommittee isthenewhost organization for the Nevada Center for the Book. "We're delighted to welcome the Nevada Center for the Book to the Nevada Humanities Committee," said Judith Winzeler, the committee'sexecutivedirector."We area statewide organization that brings scholars and the public together to exchange ideas, stories and images that help us make sense of our lives and to think more critically about our world. The activities of the Nevada Center for the Book will help us focus on the importance of books, reading and libraries in Nevada and throughout the American West."

"I'm pleased with this new partnership," said Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole. "In moststates, thestatebook centers and humanities committees work closely together. The formal merging of the two in Nevadawillstrengthencurrent projects and create new opportunities and audiences throughout the state."

The Nevada Center for the Book was established in 1998 as a program of the Nevada State Library and Archives. Several of the center's projects, including the River of Words student poetry and art contest, will be continued and its association with the Great Basin Book Festival, a project of the Nevada Humanities Committee, will be strengthened. new project is a book of essays in me committee's Halcyon book series on print cultures in the American West. Also being explored is the feasibility of a Web site that could function both as a literary calendar and a directory of Nevada authors.

Vermont Loves Mother Goose

186 3 of 4 3/21/02 1:35 PM News from the Center for the Book http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0103/cfb.html

Since 1995 the Vermont Center for the Book has: given more than 115,000bookstomorethan 18,000families;engaged more than 62,000 schoolchildren inits Red CloverChildren'sChoice Picture Book Award projAct; provided more than 2,800 educators withworkshops on books,reading and discussion; and brought more than 40,000 book-lovers together todiscuss books.

The center's signature Mother Goose programs Beginning with Mother Goose, Growing with Mother Goose, Mother Goose Asks "Why?," You Can Count On Mother Goose -- provide books and educational activities for children and their families. Mother Goose Asks "Why?," a family science and literature project, has reached more than 10,000 families in 16 states.

Fourteen states will participate in the new You Can Count on Mother Goose program, which gives parents a second (and enjoyable) look at ways to make mathematics part of the family's everyday experiences.Both Mother Goose Asks "Why?" and You Can Count on Mother Goose are funded by the National Science Foundation.

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4 of 4 3/21/02 1:35 PM LIB

Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives Online 1 88 The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 60, No. 4 April 2001 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:At age 94, Charley Williams (pictured with his grand- daughter) described his life in slavery to archivists working for the Federal Writers' Project in the 1930s. Cover Story:A new American Memory collection contains thousands of conversations and photographs of former slaves. 86 Everybody Wins:First Lady visited the Library to promote literacy. 71 Beyond Words:A traveling exhibition of photos that celebrate libraries is now available. 71 RLP 2001:Congress has funded the Russian Leadership 74 Program for fiscal year 2001. 72 IG Appointed:Dr. Billington has named a new inspector general. 73 Ralph Bunche's Odyssey:Groundbreaking peacemaker Ralph Bunche was the subject of a film premiere and symposium. 74 Lafayette's Legacy:The Library has purchased maps of the 1824-25 visit to America by the Marquis de Lafayette. Our Conservation Corner highlights their preservation. 76 Pan-American Policy:The Library and the Woodrow Wilson Center cosponsored a symposium on public policy in the Americas. 80 Rocketeer:NASA engineer Aprille Ericsson-Jackson delivered the keynote address for the Library's Women's History Month. 82 77 Life Lines:The Library and the Women's Learning Partnership sponsored a conference of the literature of women's human rights. 83 Federal Awards:The Federal Library and Information Center presented national awards for federal librarianship. 84 Traveling Culture:A new collection on Circuit Chautauqua is available on the American Memory Web site. 85 :The Law Liibtary of Congress has launched a series of programs on foreign legal research. 96 Images of Identity:A recent conference at the Library examined the perception of Africa in historical writing through the years. 97 News from the Center for the Book 98 82 The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Rep,' an a Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC Nanaaal Rrudiar 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. Pr.1.111.01ICampaign Guy LAMOLINARA, Editor JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer 98 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor

9 Laura Bush Celebrates Reading First Lady Speaks at Library in `Everybody Wins' Proaram

Enrst lady Laura Bush, joined by Sens. 1 James Jeffords (R-Vt.) and Ted Ken- nedy (D-Mass.), Dr. Billington and journal- ist Bob Woodward, spoke out on behalf of literacy, reading and libraries at the Library on March 20. NBC Television's Barbara Harrison mod- erated the event, which was cosponsored by the Library's Center for the Book and Everybody Wins! D.C., the largest liter- acy mentoring program in the Washington metropolitan area. The evening's theme was "Celebrating the Children of Our Nation's Capitol." In his introduction of Mrs. Bush, Dr. Bil- lington praised her "quiet, persistent and effective way of supporting education and Paul Hogrotan what is best about Americans," noting that Sen. Edward Kennedy (D-iViass.), Dr. Billington, and First Lady Laura "we have much to learn from her example Bush were among the many who attended the Everybody Wins! and her determination." D.C. and Center for the Book program and reception. Mrs. Bush praised the one-on-one tutor- ing program of Everybody Wins! D.C. and eral Dynamics, an Everybody Wins! and more than 400 called attention to the president's plans to D.C. participant and supporter. and several members of Congress, emphasize education and reading. EverybodyWins!D.C.wasincluding Sens. Jeffords and Kennedy, Other speakers in the program, whichlaunched by members of the Houseread in the program each week. was filmed by C-SPAN for weekend view-and Senate in 1995 with 40 volun- Everybody Wins! is one of the Center ing on Book-TV, included Center for theteers reading to students in twofor the Book's 90 national reading pro- Book Director John Y. Cole, Joanie Chase and schools on Capitol Hill. Today more motion partners. This was the seventh Mary Salander of Everybody Wins! D.C., and than 1,400 children are being servedreading promotion event sponsored by Nick Chabraja, chairman and CEO of Gen- in schools throughout the region,the Center for the Book in 2001. `Beyond Words: Celebrating America's Libraries' Traveling Exhibition Opens Kristin Baker of Liverpool, N.Y., grand prize winner in the "Beyond Words: Celebrating America's Libreries" photog- raphy contest, shows her prize-winning photograph to John Y. Cole, director of the Center for the Book in the Library of Con- gress. Ms. Baker's entry is featured in a traveling exhibition of 21 prize-winning photographs from the contest that is now available from the American Library Association (ALA). The exhibition opened during the ALA Midwinter meeting in Washington on Jan. 12, 2001, when this photograph was taken. A trip to Wash- ington and visit to the Library of Congress were part of the grand prize. The photographs in the exhibition, taken by professional and amateur photographers, depict citizens of all ages using libraries. Each was a winner in the contest, which was sponsored in 1999 by ALA and the Library of Congress with underwriting from Ingram Library Services Inc. (see Information Bulletin, July 1999). The winning photos in the contest, which was a Library of Oscar and Associates Inc. Congress Bicentennial project, were displayed at ALA's annual conference in , June 24-30, 1999. Two copies of the traveling exhibit, which is cosponsored by ALA and the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress, are available for three-week display periods. For further information contact ALA Public Programs Office, 50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611; telephone: (800) 545-2433, press 1 x5053; fax: (312) 944-2402; e-mail: [email protected].

APRIL 2001 196 71 * 0

ss Russian Leadership Program 2001 Congress Approves Nearly $10 Million to Fund New Center to Manage Exchange Program he Librarian of Congress hasLIBRARY OF CONGRESSappointed by the U.S. Senate, Tannounced that Congress two by the U.S. House of Rep- has provided $9.978 million in resentatives and four by the fiscal year 2001 funding for the rre Librarian of Congress, who will Russian Leadership Program also serve on the board. (RLP) and has authorized the LEHININ Although it will take several creation of a Center for Russian months for the RLP to make Leadership in the legislative the transition to the center, branch to implement the uniquePROGRAM Dr. Billington held discussions exchange program. MOMINESNMINIONRSIIIDIS in Moscow in December with The RLP is a nonpartisan initiative of "The RLP's managers, hosts and par-Speaker Gennady Seleznyev and other the U.S. Congress designed to fosterticipants are honored that Congressleaders of the Russian Duma on a mutual exchange of ideas and opin-has chosen to continue to support the exchange priorities for the coming ions among political leaders and citizensRLP," said Dr. Billington. "The creationyear. "There seems to be general agree- of Russia and the United States. Sinceof the center is the culmination of ourment on placing emphasis on the rule 1999, 3,650 Russian leaders, includingefforts to establish lasting, mutuallyof law and on providing exchange 150 members of the Russian Parlia-beneficial relations between members opportunities not only for legislators, ment, have been hosted in the Unitedof Congress and other American politi-but also for judges, prosecutors and States for seven- to 10-day visits undercal and civic leaders and their counter- others responsible for law enforce- the auspices of the RLP. Congress askedparts among Russia's emerging leader- ment and administration," said Dr. the Library to administer the RLP forship." Billington. each of its two years as a pilot pro- The center will be independent of the The RLP was proposed by Dr. Bill- gram. Library of Congress, but the Library ington, a leading historian of Russian Public Law 106-554 established theis authorized to provide space andculture, who suggested that Russia Center for Russian Leadership withinsupport services to the center on acould benefit from a program similar the legislative branch to continue thereimbursable basis. The $9.978 million to the post-World War II Marshall Plan, mission the RLP has conducted onappropriated by Congress in fiscalwhich brought groups of emerging a pilot basis for two years: enablingyear 2001 will finance this year's RLP young German leaders to the United emerging political leaders of Russia atexchanges under the current "OpenStates. "The participants in that pro- all levels of government to gain signifi-World 2000" exchange model adminis- gram are a Who's Who of those who cant, direct exposure to the Americantered by the Library. The appropriation crafted Germany's democratic govern- free-market system and the operationwill also fund the transition to the newment after World War II," he said. of American democratic institutions center. The U.S. Congress appropriated $10 through visits to governmental institu- In addition to the public fundingmillion to the RLP in both fiscal year tions and communities at comparableprovided by Congress, the center will 1999 (PL 106-31) and fiscal year 2000 levels in the United States. solicit contributions from the private(PL 106-113) and established the pilot The chief sponsor of the Center leg-sector to ensure the long-term con-program in the Library of Congress. islation is Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska). tinuation of the RLP. "Creation ofThe American Councils for Interna- Sen. Stevens also sponsored the legisla-the center allows the Russian Lead- tional Education: ACTR/ACCELS has tion that originated the RLP pilot pro-ership Program to draw more effec-managed the logistical aspects of the gram in 1999. tively upon the resources of the pri-program on behalf of the Library. "Dozens of my colleagues in thevate sector," said former Rep. James The RLP "Open World" program Senate and the House have hosted their W. Symington, chairman of the RLP'swas created in 1999 with the esteemed Russian counterparts under the aus-Advisory Committee. "Private sectorRussian academician Dmitry Likh- pices of the RLP and have seen first-leaders will play an important role notachev as co-chairman. In its first two hand the unique opportunity that theonly in contributing funds, but alsoyears, the RLP brought a wide range RLP provides to improve relations with in providing guidance to the center'sof new Russian leaders to the United a new generation of Russian politicalmanagement and participating in theStates. The program selected partici- leaders," said Sen. Stevens. "I am proudprogram." (A list of Advisory Com- pants from 88 of 89 Russian regions and to have sponsored all the authorizingmittee members follows.) from all levels of leadership: national, legislation for the program and look The first step in establishing theregional and local. The Russian leaders forward to helping the Library shapecenter is the appointment of a Boardwere hosted in 46 states and the District the transition to the new Center forof Trustees. The center's board willof Columbia by nonprofit and govern- Russian Leadership." include nine members, two to be continued on page 73

72 log INFORMATION BULLETIN . o

Library Names New Inspector General Karl Schornagei Appointed

he Librarian of Con- "Karl SchornagelService. Since joining the Department Tgress has appointed brings to the Libraryof Commerce in 1985, he has served in Karl W. Schornagel as of Congress a wealthvarious positions within the Office inspector general, effective of experience in eval-of the Inspector General, including March 12. uating federal govern-director of the divisions of Automated Mr. Scliornagel was most ment programs," saidinformation Systems Audits, Economic recently a senior auditor in Dr.Billington."HisAffairs Audits and Financial Manage- the Office of the Inspector more than 21 years ofment Audits. As Director of Quality General in the Department experience in this fieldAssurance, Mr. Schornagel established of Commerce and project make him amply qual-policy related to Government Account- manager for evaluations Lisa WhIttle ified for his new roleing Office auditing standards and con- of information technology Karl Schornagel as the Library enters itsducted internal quality reviews of resources. In this position, third century of service compliance with audit and inspection he planned and conducted complexto Congress and the nation." Mr. Schor-standards. financial, programmatic and informa-nagel will report to Dr. Billington. A certified public accountant in Vir- tion-technology reviews. Recent stud- "I strongly support the mission ofginia and a member of the American ies for which Mr. Schornagel has been the Library of Congress, and I look for-Institute of Certified Public Accoun- recognized with his agency's silver andward to making significant contribu-tants, Mr. Schornagel has completed bronze medals of commendation havetions to its continued success," said Mr.more than 1,000 hours of specialized included an assessment of the acquisi-Schornagel. "It is an honor to be giventechnical and management training tion and management of multibillion-this opportunity." related to auditing. He holds a bach- dollar satellite systems and a multi- Mr. Schornagel began his career inelor of science degree in business agency analysis and correction of Y2K 1979 as a junior auditor in the Treasuryadministration from George Mason deficiencies. Department's Financial ManagementUniversity.

RLP Twenty-one U.S. representatives, four continued from page 72 U.S. senators and five governors served Advisory Committee Members as RLP hosts. "The RLP provides an Appointment by the Majority Leader mental organizations with expertise in opportunity for those who participate in Sen. Bill Frist operating exchange programs, includ-our democratic process to offer insight James W. Symington ing the American Foreign Policy Coun-on a one-on-one basis with our Russian Chairman, Advisory Committee cil, the Center for Democracy, thecounterparts," said Sen. Stevens. Russian Leadership Program International Republican Institute, the In 2000, the Russian Leadership Pro- Raydean Acevedo National Democratic Institute for Inter-gram also sponsored 10 RLP alumni President and Chief Executive Officer national Affairs, Rotary International,conferences in cities across Russia to Research Management Consultants Inc. 1"Tnitz AIVIc.th Ir'tiativc 1-.02r fr-rn r.,articipants Vance D. Coffman odist Church, the Friendship Force,ways to strengthen the program, and Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Peace Links, Meridian Internationalto put RLP participants throughout Lockheed Martin Corp. Center and the International InstituteRussia in better touch with each other. Mark Albrecht of the U.S. Department of AgricultureIn a survey conducted among the 1999 President, International Launch Services Graduate School. participants attending the conferences, Ambassador Frank C. Wisner "Open World 2000" brought 92 State almost half of the respondents reported Vice Chairman Duma deputiesmore than 20 percentthat the scope of their professional American International Group Inc. of the Russian State Dumaand 14responsibilities had increased, and 26 Archie Dunham Federation Council members to thepercent reported that their employ- Chairman, President and Chief Executive United States. The parliamentary del-ment status had risen since their RLP Officer, Conoco Inc. egations were grouped by area of inter-participation. est, including defense, national security, The RLP owes much of its success to Sam Nunn rule of law, federalism, environmentdate to the support of the U.S ambas- King & Spaulding and energy. A orsador to the Russian Federation, James John E. Pepper a governor hosted each parliamentaryF. Collins, and to the work of his Chairman of the Board, Procter & Gamble delegation, whose members traveleddedicated embassy staff. "The Rus- George E Russell Jr. to Washington for high-level meetingssian Leadership Program represents Chairman, Frank Russell Co. and to their congressional or guberna-a remarkable achievement of public George Soros torial host's home state or district fordiplomacy," said Ambassador Collins. Chairman, Soros Fund Management site visits, briefings and roundtables."The new Center on Russian Lead-

APRIL 2001 125P 73 Si 0 The Legacy of Ralph Bunche Library Hosts Film Premiere and Symposium

BY CHARLYNN SPENCER PYNE In his opening remarks, Ambassador he great peacekeeper Ralph Bunche McHenry noted that, while there are Twas the subject of two days of those who say that Bunche's greatest events at the Library. contribution was in peacekeeping, he First was the Washington premiere believes it was in the area of decoloni- of the documentary film "Ralph J. zation. "The [U.N.] charter was a com- Bunche: An American Odyssey," on promise when it came to decolonization. Jan. 31, and the following morning a The British, French and colonial powers symposium was held on the legacy of had no intention in 1945 of granting Bunche (1903-1971). independence to those countries under The film was produced by indepen- their control. ... The compromise was dent filmmaker William Greaves, who to separate the so-called trusteeship presented archival copies of the film to system [which Bunche was very instru- Dr. Billington during the premiere and mental in writing] from the so-called to DeTannyia M. Towner from the D.C. non-self-governing system. The former Humanities Council during the sym- would be more progressive, [with] con- posium. (The film was later aired on siderable international oversight, and PBS in the Washington area on Feb. the goals would be self-government or 2.) The symposium was moderated by independence. ... In the non-self-gov- Ambassador Donald McHenry, former erning territories section [of the U.N. United Nations permanent represen- 0 Dan Weiner, courtesy of Sandra Weiner Charter] those provisions do not exist." tative, and panelists included Brian Ralph Bunche in 1949 The goal is to promote self-govern- Urquhart, former U.N. undersecretary ment not independence. Mr. McHenry general and author of Ralph J. Bunche,man of the Political Science Depart-continued: "Even though there was a An American Life (1993), on whichment at . compromise of the trusteeship system, the film was based; Benjamin Rivlin, In welcoming the audience to thethe precedents set in the trusteeship former Bunche assistant and editor offilm presentation, Dr. Billington notedsystem would soon lead to the same Ralph Bunche: The Man and His Times that the evening was indeed specialkinds of changes and oversight for (1990); Robert Edgar, professor of Afri- "because of the character of the manmost of the colonies [under the non- can studies at Howard University andwhom we are here to celebrate." Heself-governing system]. ... And when editor of An African-American in South continued: "Ralph Bunche was the firstI think of Bunche, it is this pioneering Africa: The Travel Notes of Ralph J. Bunche person of color anywhere in the worldwork in terms of the oversight of the in South Africa,1937 (1992); and Ronald to win the Nobel Peace Prize [in 19501. international community for those per- Walters, a professor in the Department ... A black American,he was a fiercelysons who were not yet governing them- of Government and Politics at the Uni-dedicated international civil servantselves that I think history will say he versity of Maryland and former chair-who never wished for either thehad his greatest impact." limelight or reward for Mr. Urquhart, the firstpanelist, the extraordinary servicesnoted: "Bunche was a very unusual he rendered to the Unitedpublic figure. He liked getting things Nationsas the guidingdone, but deeply despised and dis- spirit of the U.N. trustee-liked taking credit for them. So the ship provisions; as a media-efforts that he pioneered are still well tor on the Island of Rhodesknown to uscivil rights, peacekeep- during the first Palestineing, decolonizationwhile he has vir- crisis, for which he received tually disappeared, which is exactly the Peace Prize; as thewhat he wanted." organizer of the immensely Mr. Urquhart continued: "Bunche complicated U.N. opera-was an intellectual in action. He started tions in the Congo Katangaas a distinguished academiche grad- crisis; and for ensuring,uated with honors from UCLA, earned almost singlehandedly, thathis Ph.D. from Harvard and [estab- Charlynn Spencer Pyne peacekeepingoperations lished] the Political Science Department WilliamGreaves introducesDeTa n nyiabecame part of the [workat Howard University [in 1928]and Towner of the D.C. HumanitiesCouncil. Anof the] United Nations. ...turned his brilliant intellect more and archival copy of Mr. Greaves's film on RalphHe was truly a man ofmore toward problems he felt needed Bunche was given to the Humanities Councilgreat vision who expressed solving: First, civil rights and race rela- as well as the Library. it through action." tions in this country. Bunche not only 74 io3 INFORMATION BULLETIN Charlynn Spencer Pyne Charlynn Spencer Pyne Charlynn Spencer Pyne Charlynn Spencer Pyne Several people with a deep interest in Ralph Bunche participated, including (from left): Donald McHenry, former U.N. permanent representative; Brian Urquhart, former U.N. undersecretary general and author of a Bunche biography; Benjamin Rivlin, former Bunche assistant and also author of a Bunche biography; and Robert Edgar, professor of African studies at Howard University and editor of a book of Bunche's travel notes. wrote about every aspect of the civil dons of the CIO. The CIO was the pre- taposition of thousands of us on the rights question in the U.S., but was also cursor of the Office of Strategic Servicesoutsidelistening to King and [Harry] an activist organizing demonstrations(OSS), which later evolved into theBelafonte, and Bunche on the inside- here in Washington, D.C. Central Intelligence Agency. Bunchealso frustrated, that the U.N. had not "Next, decolonization, which hewas chief of the African Section, Tech-been able to end the war. ... On the regarded as another branch of the samenical and Research Division, OSS, fromoutside, King, on the inside, Bunche. problem. Bunche became convinced1942 to 1944, when he left to join theWhen we think about this paradigm, it early on that the race problem in theState Department and begin work onhas been used lots of times, for exam- U.S. was really part of a worldwidethe U.N. Charter. ple, the Free South Africa Movement problem... imperialism and colonial- One of Mr. Rivlin's most vivid mem-and its triumph in securing legislation ism. And he was the first person toories while working for Bunche wasto sever ties with apartheid-South prove this parallel in A World View ofof the day An American Dilemma (1944)Africa. It was because of the juxtaposi- Race [1936]. And finally to the Unitedwas published and an office party wastion of external pressuredemonstra- Nations, the way it was organized and held to celebrate. Bunche had assistedtions in the street; and key people in the way it tried to keep the peace." Gunnar Myrdal on the massive andpolitical institutions [internal pressure] Mr. Urquhart called Bunche a "mirac-influential study on the status of blackthat the Free South Africa Movement ulous negotiator." He said, "BuncheAmericans, and "was very proud of his was successful in bringing about the established a remarkable partnershipinvolvement with the book," said Mr. Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986." with [Count Folke] Bernadotte, theRivlin. "Bunche's legacy will not only Mr. Walters also noted that King and U.N. mediator for Palestine, and when be in peacekeeping and decolonization,Bunche "shared a deep respect for each Bernadotte was assassinated, Bunchebut also in race relations in the Unitedother as Nobel Peace Prize wimiers. became the principal negotiator atSates and elsewhere," he noted. Their speeches are similar; and King you could complete a written agree-research on the paradigm of Africanman, inviting him to participate in the mentan armistice, between the fiveAmerican leadershipthatBunche1963 March on Washington and the Arab League states and , andrepresents; the relationship between1965 Selma to Montgomery march ... Bunche did it." Bunche and Martin Luther King Jr.;which drew Bunche back to 'the Move- Mr. Rivlin fondly recalled the influ-and Bunche's "coming back to activ-ment' and back to political activism." ences that Bunche had on his life whenism" in the 1960s. Mr. Walters, whoMr. Walters said, "I would have liked he was "a young Jewish kid fromwas a member of Howard Universi- to have seen an analysis by Bunche of who went to a public col-ty's Political Science Department forhis coming back to activism in the latter legeBrooklyn Collegeand ended24 years beginning in 1971 and served part of his life." up studying Moroccan Arabic at the three terms as chairman, spoke of how Mr. Edgar, the final panelist, com- University of Pennsylvania," wherefondly the senior professors remem-mented that he was among the group he first met Bunche when he camebered Bunche and the pioneering worksummoned to New York to view the to deliver a lecture. Mr. Rivlin wenthe did at Howard, and joked aboutoriginal 19 hours of Mr. Greaves's film. to work for Bunche in the Office ofhow intimidated he felt with Bunche's "We got to see Bunche's life in greater the Coordinator of Information (CIO),portrait "staring him in the face every-detail than many of us wanted tobut housed in the Jefferson Building of theday" as he occupied his former office. there are facets of his life that we are Library of Congress. Bunche had been Mr. Walters recalled participating instill trying to uncover, including his recruited from Howard University ina demonstration against the Vietnamwork as a pioneering Africanist in the 1941 to serve as senior social science War in New York at the U.N. headquar- 1930s." (He noted that, as a result of the analyst in the African and Far East sec-ters on April 16, 1967, "and the jux- continued on page 79

APRIL 2001 Pc,4 t 1941 75 Library Purchases Manuscript Atlas Lafayette's Travels in America Documented

By PATRICIA MOLEN VAN EE with Washington and the French he Libraryrecentlypur- fleet under Francois Joseph Paul Tchased at auction Voyage du comte de Grasse, arrived at the Général La Fayette aux Etats-Unis, eastern end of the peninsula a manuscript atlas (folio, 49 by between the James and York 32 cm.) by Gaston Frestel, dated rivers in the fall of 1781, sur- 1827. It contains eight maps cov- rounding Lord Charles Cornwal- ering the United States east of lis, who surrendered at Yorktown. the Mississippi River and uses During the following decades base maps that appear to have until his death in 1834 at age been traced from Anthony Fin- 77, Lafayette remained a leading ley's A New American Atlas, force in liberal causes. Thomas designed principally to illustrate Jefferson referred to him in 1822, the geography of the United States as the "doyen ... of the soldiers of of North America; in which every liberty of the world." county in each state and territory Demonstrating the gratitude of the Union is Accurately Delin- of the nation, Congress pro- eated, as far as at present known: theGaston Frestel's map (above) of Lafayette sclaimed Lafayette an honorary Whole compiled from the Latest andtravels in New York, dated 1827, which wascitizen in 1824 and invited him to Most Authentic Information, pub-probably traced from Anthony Finley's Newtour the United States as its first lished in in 1826. York map (below) from 1826. official guest. He was greeted Each of the eight manuscript - ---7 7. by large crowds and "demon- sheets represents a portion of the iI--....- strations of frenzied enthusiasm Marquis de Lafayette's itinerary without precedent or parallel in on what has come to be known as American history" according to his "triumphal tour" throughout historian Frank Monaghan. the eastern United States in 1824 HisAmericanbiographer, ..4 and 1825. The numerous stops ..,. Louis Gottschalk, noted in a lec- -,-xi i that he made have been marked --... . ture on the occasion of the 200th ..-.... on the maps by a symbol resem- ..,- anniversary of Lafayette's birth: bling a black bar with the name of .,.. "Lafayette came as the 'nation's .4.4 the town or city. The atlas appears guest.' He came not only as a to have original color. In prepar- reminder of the glorious past, as ing his maps, Frestel apparently I the 'adoptive son of Washington' I traced only the base outline from -:....-..; - and as the last surviving major- Finley's maps, since the latter general of the Revolution, but depicts each county in color and __. also ... as Europe's outstanding provides the names of the coun- contemporary opponent of mon- ties, cities and towns as well as elaboratetel, is not cited in any of the standardarchial tyranny." statistical tables on the population andbiographical tools. Although by the time of his visit, size of a variety of administrative units. One of the most significant and color-Lafayette was old and lame, "he visited Frestel's manuscript atlas shows only theful individuals of his era, Lafayette ini- every one of the 24 states and was feted waterways and major roads traveled by tially arrived in America in 1777, whileeverywhere by a nation determined to Lafayette, with little additional infor-still in his teens, to promote indepen-show that republics are not ungrate- mation. One notable exception is the dence of the American Colonies. Servingful." Gottschalk also noted, "He spoke "Profile of the Levels of the Grand Erieat his own expense and without com-of independence and of American Canal," relative to the Hudson River, that mand, he was appointed major general,institutions. The newspapers reported appears on the sheet for New York on the youngest in the history of the U.S.at length whatever he said and did. both the original and the copy, althoughArmy. Despite his youth and lack of mil- Almost every man, woman and child the accompanying descriptive text isitary experience, he became a trustedin America knew and revered the name absent from the manuscript. leader, greatly respected by Georgeof Lafayette and (something his biog- Little is known of the provenanceWashington. He served with honor inraphers have failed to emphasize suf- of the manuscript atlas. Published several battles of the Revolutionary Warficiently) his triumphal procession did accounts of Lafayette's travels in Amer- and played a major role in the successful not go uimoticed in Europe. It gave ica appeared as early as 1825, but nooutcome for . much needed encouragement to the other copy of this atlas has been identi- Sent by George Washington to protect liberals in his own country." fied and the cartographer, Gaston Fres- his home state of Virginia, Lafayette, continued on page 81 I 76 INFORMATION BULLETIN ,0 o

ConseratioCorner Preservinuataytte's 1 24 Maps

By HEATHER WANSER When the Geography and Map Division acquired an atlas com- memorating the Marquis de Lafay- ette's 1824 visit to the United States (see story on p, a g- e6 , gained a document that presented particularly vexing problems to the Conservation Division. The maps are drawn with two types of inks with watercolor washes out- lining the borders. They are on trac- ing paper, which is yellow with age. The use of this paper is unusual, and according to John Hébert, chief of the Geography and Map Division (G&M), the maps were traced. Mr. Hébert has identified an 1826 Amer- ican atlas as the source for the map Marita Cana, Manta Clance images. Each map is attached aroundPaper loss, caused by mold, before and after treatment by the its perimeter to a sheet of rag paper,Conservation Division presumably to support the delicate tracing paper and facilitate handling.are fragile, tear easily and distort withappears opaque. Unfortunately, these Each map is folded in the center to fitmoisture. The translucency of the trac- agents eventually embrittle and dis- the format of the atlas. ing paper is an important character- color the paper, so few early examples Their conservation presented a hostistic that can easily be altered duringhave survived, making these maps of problems beyond those associatedtreatment. Early tracing papers wereeven more rare. with caring for typical 19th centurymade by impregnating the paper with Some time ago, water entered through documents. Treatment of the moldan agent such as gums or resins thatthe spine of the atlas and mold grew damage was further complicated byallow light to pass through, unlike tra- along the center fold of each map and the tracing paper. Old tracing papersditional paper that reflects light andsupport sheet. The mold caused dark stains, losses and altered translucency and consumed the paper hinges that once attached the maps in the atlas. The water caused the tracing paper to ripple and the iron gall ink (often acidic) to bleed into the paper, making it brittle and resulting in breaks and tears. As part of the conservation process, Library conservators evaluated the maps to determine their physical and chemical stability. Photographs and a written report document the condition of each map. Tests were conducted to determine the best course of action. This treatment would be limited to mending the tears, reinforcing weak- ened areas, filling the losses, reducing the ripples and placing each map in a protective housing. Temporary mends were applied over the embrittled ink areas to support them during treatment. An Manta Clance extremely sheer Japanese tissue coated Water vapor from an ultrasonic humidifier helps to remove cockles with a cellulose ether adhesive was from the paper. continued on page 78

APRIL 2001 77 Conservation continued from page 77 used throughout the project. It has an advantage over the customary wheat starch adhesive when working on tracing paper because it is made tacky with ethanol instead of water; it pre- vents mends from showing through the tracing paper, and it is easier to remove from fragile paper in the future. The mold was loosened from the sur- face with a soft brush and gently cap- tured in the small nozzle of a variable suction vacuum fitted with a HEPA. filter. This procedure was carried out in a fume hood, using a respirator and gloves to minimize any health risks associated with mold. The maps were then separated from their paper supports for mending. The starch adhesive that joined them was softened by introducing water through Gore-tex fabric, best known for its use in waterproof rain wear. Manta Clance The advantage of using Gore-tex isSpecial lighting shone on the map (above) reveals the ripples in the that water is introduced into the papertracing paper before treatment; the map after treatment. slowly enough to soften the adhesive without wetting the paper. Once the maps were separated, all ink-dam- ______...,.. II I: IT ,... , . 1, N N N . - . aged areas and tears were reinforced +A. -"--\... IV 6.14 I. , A ..,, . from the back with more sheer tissue .1,. rr... Ai.. 1.- J 'r ''.''' '1.- ; ' i I I:.,..' ... ::-. \ mends, and the temporary mends over .6 t. t.....1:,-...,Z,....- ,..--.... I ' \ ..I.. v , t,,, VI ...e. s,t.i. 1 I - the front were removed...... ' 1 . ,. One of the big problems of working , A on mold-damaged paper is that despite ,,1.,--.? . t a few stains, the paper looks reason- \ A , A .. V. 1 .r.- ---7-',.A :-. ably unaffected yet it disintegrates N I s SI .1`.. I , when touched. This is because mold °Nd'''. consumes the interior of the cellulose fiber, leaving an empty shell that lacks mechanical strength. The mold-weak- . :fi''' . I \ 4,..-A,... --,.. ened areas were strengthened and r:_..... , ; , N % the translucency of the paper restored 1 ,. , r11..,_:...,e 1.,:,,,, with the application of warm water or 1 '''';- 6,'--. c,-; --...... -z,";.-..;."...v-. _. dilute gelatin applied with a fine brush r). in tiny amounts to control expansion. I The warm water seemed to regenerate ...... ,4...... - ..;,-",- e the agent that made the paper translu- . .. n , o `, ,c,-. 'k .t.,...-Aft, cent in the first place, and the gelatin ------....._.__--...--,...... vc-..,.,_-----.,"--- -..,. -- . -- . also seemed to strengthen the paper. Gelatin has been used for centuries to size paper to give it strength. The Manta Glance affected areas were also reinforcedthe maps. After some research, thehumidifier that delivers a fine mist from the back. Japanese tissue mendscockles were successfully reduced byuntilthepaperissufficiently and losses were filled with a slightlyexpanding the paper and allowing itexpanded. Light weights were then heavier weight Japanese tissue tonedto "stretch-dry." To do this, each map placed around the outer edges, and with acrylic paint to match the sur-was placed on silicon-coated polyes- the cockles were gently pulled out rounding paper. ter film that has a slippery surface.as the paper dried. What makes this Unfortunately, regular methods ofWorking on one quadrant at a time, approach work so well is that the fine flattening paper did not eliminate thethe paper was humidified with watermist expands the paper slowly, giving pronounced ripples, or cockles, invapor generated by an ultrasonic continued on page 79

78 INFORMATION BULLETIN Bunche too emotionally tied." continued from page 75 Mr. Edgar noted that the SSRC proposed an alterna- film, his book An African-American in tive: Bunche would learn couth A frira: thp Tram"! Notpc ofRalph T, the field methods of cul- Bunche in South Africa (1937) is beingtural , and he reissued in paperback.) would receive funding for Mr. Edgar asserted that Bunche's pri-two years to study with mary introduction to international rela-leading anthropologist Mel- tions was at Harvard. "He wanted toville Herskovits of North- write his doctoral dissertation on thewestern University, Bron- experiences of mixed-raced people in:slaw Malinowskd of the , but his committee felt jitteryLondon School of Econom- about the implications of an Africanics and Isaac Schapera of the American undertaking such researchUniversity of Capetown. His with segregation the norm in manyproject would also include parts of the U.S. and steered himthree months of extensive toward and a dissertationtravel through South Africa. on 'French Administration in Togo land Mr. Edgar said, "Bunche and Dahomey' [completed in 19341.had to overcome many bar- Because of the influence of his commit-riers to obtain permission to United Nations Photo tee, his writing is very reserved, and hetravel in South Africa; and Bunche with EleanorRoosevelt in 1949 refused to publish the dissertation. he had to assure officials "However, in A World View of Racethat he would not stir up the nativestalks on black American achievements (1936), a monograph that draws onby engaging in public speaking." He to inspire optimism and hope. his dissertation and applies his [1930s]continued, "Bunche describes in his These formulating experiences as an class analysis of the United States on aresearch notes in 1937 a South Africa Africanist in the 1930s were crucial to his global scale, he shows his impassionedthat did not change much over the next later U.N. work, notes Mr. Edgar. They opposition to colonialism." 50 years. ... He had to reassess himself asallowed him to interact with a wide Bunche wanted to do additional stud- an African American traveling around array of people as an individual and not ies on Africa, according to Mr. Edgar,South Africa. On one hand, he was aas a government official; they afforded who explained: "Bunche approachedresearcher, and on the other hand, he him invaluable firsthand personal expe- the Social Science Research Councilwas a black man traveling in a segre- riences; and provided him with a unique [SSRC] in New York about funding agated society where 'every Americanview of colonialism. His work for equal- project that would assess the impact ofNegro ... is a missionary whether heity and against colonialism would con- colonial rule and Western culture onwills it or not.' Nonwhite South Africans tinue throughout his life. Africans, through the eyes of Africans.looked up to African Americans because However, there was a pervasive beliefthey had achieved success, albeit in a Ms. Pyne is a network specialist in in the nation at that time that Africansegregated society." According to Mr. the Network Development and MARC Americans could not conduct objectiveEdgar, despite his earlier assurances Standards Office and editor of Library research on Africa because they wereto the authorities, Bunche gave pep Services News, a staff newsletter.

Conservation continued from page 78

the conservator a great deal of control. And the silicon-coated film allows the weights to glide as the paper dries, thereby preventing excessive strain on the delicate paper. The support sheets were washed, given an alkaline reserve and mended with Japanese tissue and wheat starch Manta Clance paste. The flattened maps were then Acid ink has embrittled the paper, causing it to tear. reattached to the supports using hinges of mending tissue around thetheir exhibition in the future. Each map These maps were treated by senior perimeter. is now protected in a mat structurepaper conservators Linda Morenus, After conferring with the curatormade of preservation-quality boardAnn Seibert,Sylvia Albro, Holly from G&M, it was decided that the with clear polyester film over the open-Krueger and this writer. fragile maps should be stored flat and ing for protection. The maps are stored not returned to their original boundtogether in a protective box with theHeather Wanser is a senior paper format. This will facilitate use and original atlas cover. conservator in the Conservation Division.

APRIL 2001 79 * 0

- A James R. Higgins James R. Higgins Dr. Billington and Franklin Knight of Johns Hopkins University, former president of the Latin American Studies Association; Lloyd Axworthy, former foreign affairs minister of Canada and Martha Muse, chairman of the Foundation Public Policy in the Americas Library and Wilson Center Sponsor Symposium

BY GEORGETTE M. DORN the Library of Congress is certainly thenication among the countries' presi- The Library's Hispanic Division andideal venue for this symposium," Dr.dents would lead to furthering civil soci- 1 the Latin America Program of the Billington said. eties. He said the United States should Woodrow Wilson International Center The firstpanel,"Challenges toendeavor to support multilateralism. for Scholars co-sponsored an inter-Democracy in the Americas," was Inhercomments, Ms.Purcell national symposium, "21st Century chaired by Prosser Gifford, the Library'sreflected that the most economically Public Policy in the Americas," on Feb. director of the Office of Scholarlydeveloped countries in the hemi- 22 and 23. The conference was madePrograms. Panelists included Lloydsphere were also the most stable democ- possible by a grant from the Tinker Axworthy, director of the Liu Centreracies and reminded the audience that Foundation. at the University of British ColumbiaNAFTA played a strong role in foster- Symposium events began at the and former foreign affairs minister ofing open trade. Wilson Center with a dinner for the par- Canada; Ambassador Luidi Einaudi, The topic of the second panel, chaired ticipants and invited guests. The key- assistant secretary of the Organizationby Leda Siqueira Wiarda, Luso-Brazil- note speaker, Lee , a former of American States; Ricardo Lagorio,ian specialist of the Library's Hispanic member of Congress and director of deputy chief of mission of the EmbassyDivision, was "Sustainable Develop- the Wilson Center, provided a broad of Argentina; and Arturo Valenzuela,ment in the Americas," which looked at picture of Latin America during the past director of the Center of Latin Ameri-problems concerning the environment. 20 years and pointed out trends mark-can Studies at Georgetown UniversityDavid Bray, chairman of the Depart- ing "the emergence of Latin Americaand a member of the National Secu-ment of International Environmental as an increasingly democratic, open rity Council until January of this year. Studies at Florida International Univer- and vibrant region." Stating that the Susan Kaufman Purcell, vice presidentsity; Thomas Lovejoy, chief biodiver- Latin American countries are among of the Americas Society, was the com- sity adviser to the World Bank; John R. the United States' most important mentator. McNeill of the Department of History allies, he said, "The United States Mr. Axworthy quoted James Mad-at Georgetown University; and Cath- should reinvigorate efforts to advanceison about the need to "nurture theerine A. Christen of the Smithsonian hemispheric trade." roots of democracy." He described theInstitution all analyzed problems of Dr. Billington, a former director of the role of collective intervention in foster-preserving the ecology of various Wilson Center, opened the sympo- ing democracy, electoral reform and aregions of Latin America. Mr. Bray sium in the Mumford Room and wel- system of accountability to strengthenfocused on sustainable and unsustain- comed the participants, members of democracy in Latin America and citedable land use in the 21st century, forest Congress, the diplomatic corps, schol- the recent case of Peru. management and protected areas. ars and public policy analysts. He The Organization of American States Mr. Lovejoy, who said the panel thanked Martha Muse, chairman of the is increasingly important in this respect,was indeed "timely," concentrated on Tinker Foundation, who also attended. according to Ambassador Einaudi. Mr. specific problems of Brazil's ecology. "As the primary repository of knowl- Valenzuela agreed with the other panel-He stressed that "sustainable develop- edge in the service of the hemi- ists that growing multilateralism in thement had to include thinking about sphere's oldest democratic legislature,hemisphere and the constant commu-urban areas" and pollution-oriented

80 a INFORMATION BULLETIN 0a 0

projects. He also mentioned the growthKenneth Maxwell, direc- of private-sector involvement in Cen-tor of the Latin America tral America, Mexico and other areas.Program of the Council Ms. Christen referred to strategieson ForeignRelations, of conservation biologists, and Mr.offered commentaries on McNeill said sustainable developmentthe role of memory in begins in the cities; he emphasizedlooking forward. the urgency of environment-conscious Barbara Tenenbaum, politics in the Western Hemisphere. specialist in Mexican cul- Joseph Tulchin, director of the Latinture in the Library's His- America Program of the Wilson Center,panic Division, chaired offered comments. LI le Icl1.1,c11 lel, wluLiLUectlL The third panel focused on "Culture with "The Information and the Humanities in the Americas."Age in the Western Hemi- James A. Hams Roberto Gonzalez Echevarria, Sterlingsphere." Miguel Basafiez,Frank Lovejoy, chief of biodiversity at the Professor of Hispanic and Compara-president of the GlobalWorld Bank, Ms. Muse and Miguel Basafiez, tive Literature at Yale University, spokeQuality Research Corp.,Global Quality Research Corp. about "Poetry on the Rooftops"thepointed out that infor- dazzling constellation of Cuban writers mation exchange is an importantTelevision, stressed that technologies surviving the strictures of their island'sagent of change. He said public opin-and content define the Information political situation. Franklin Knight, theion polling "destroyed my biases andAge, as much as the printing press Leonard and Helen R. Stulman Profes- prejudices." and transoceanic navigation defined sor of History at Johns Hopkins Uni- Georgie Anne Geyer, a columnistthe dawn of the modern age. However, versity, spoke of the tradition of ana-with the Universal Press Syndicate,he said, there will always be the need lyzing the progress of history since thefocused on the print press, which,for music, and hand-held books will 18th century. despite global coverage, seems to covernever disappear. Dolores Moyano Martin, formerless, as "we have fewer foreign corre- Commentator Prosser Gifford, con- editor of the Handbook of Latin Ameri- spondents in Latin America." firming what the panelists had pre- can Studies, focused on literary arche- Peter Johnson, curator of the Iberiansented, noted that communication pat- types and myths that dominate politi-and Latin American Collection at Princ- terns have changed radically in the past cal culture, such as the Luso-Hispaniceton University Library, focused ondecade. He pointed out the enormous "hero," for example Cid Campeador,how information manages to be bro- richness of sources on the Western Hemi- the hero of the film El Cid, and Ernestokered and the role of technological sphere available on the Internet. "Che" Guevara. José Neistein, direc-leadership in fostering civil society. He tor of the Brazilian-American Cultural pointed out the costs of not bridgingMs. Dorn is chief of the Hispanic Division. Institute, discussed the lasting impactthe "digital divide" in the Americas. She chaired the panel on "Culture and the of Brazil on world art. CommentatorFernando Silva-Pinto, president of Idea Humanities in the Americas."

Lafayette Geological Survey's Geographicoccupees par les trouppes Americains continued from page 76 Names Information System database.apres leur retraite de Rhode Island..." Of those, 57 are populated places, such1778; and "Campagne en Virginie," The honors bestowed on Lafayetteas cities and to wns. As early as 1783,1781. The largest map depicts ihe Vir- by the American people during his tri-Pennsylvanians had already namedginia Campaign and includes a brief umphal tour included poetry, draw-a county "Fayette" in appreciation ofdescription of Lafayette's activities in ings, engravings and commemorative Lafayette's service in America, some ofthe months leading up to the British china and silverware. Parades and balls which took place in and around Phil-surrender at Yorktown. were held in his honor. Excerpts fromadelphia. The county seat of Tippe- Until now, the atlas and maps had the diary of John Quincy Adams, now canoe County, Ind., was named fornot been available for use by scholars housed in the Benjamin Thomas Hill Lafayette in 1824, while he was on tour.of early American history, as they have Collection of the Manuscript Division,Lafayette College in Easton, Penn.,been in private hands since they were refer to Lafayette's travels in America inwas chartered in 1826, immediatelycreated. They are significant additions 1824-25. The Rare Book and Special Col- after the tour ended. to the comprehensive collections of the lections Division also holds significant This atlas complements the recentGeography and Map Division of mate- material commemorating his visit. purchase of six manuscript maps byrial related to the American Revolu- Perhaps the most permanent effectLafayette's cartographer, Michel dution and America's founding fathers. that Lafayette has had on the Amer-Chesnoy Capitaine. Beautifully drawnLafayette's career during and after the ican landscape, other than his hero-and hand colored, they include "Planwar are well represented in these car- ism on the battlefield, is the numberof Carillon au Ticonderoga," ca. 1777; tographic treasures. of places named for him in the United"Plan de la retraite de Barren Hill en States. The name "Lafayette" or relatedPensilvanie," 1778; "Carte de l'affaire Ms. van Ee is a specialist in cartographic terms such as "Fayette" are foundde Montmouth," 1778; "Plan de Rhode history in the Geography and Map almost 400 times on the United StatesIslande..." 1778; "Carte des positionsDivision.

APRIL 2001 81 'Read, Read, ReadLearn, Learn, Learn' April le Ericsson-Jackson Opens Women's History Month

By AUDREY FISCHER Bedford Stuyves- score nearly identically in these areas. In ou don't have to be a ant neighborhoodthe sixth grade, girls' scores plummet, Yrocket scientist to be in Brooklyn, N.Y., perhaps in response to the social pres- successfulunless, like to the hallowedsures they experience in middle school. April le Ericsson-Jackson, halls of NASA, "This downward spiral is especially your goal in life is to be an but she supplied severe for girls of color, girls with dis- aerospace engineer. Ms. a strong math andabilities, girls living in poverty and Ericsson-Jackson, the first science aptitudegirls who are learning English as a new African American female and a fierce drivelanguage," she observed. Ph.D. at the NASA God- anddetermina- According to Ms. Ericsson-Jackson, dard Space Flight Center, tion to succeed.this loss of talent is already having an delivered the Library's She passed theimpact on the U.S. economy. 2001 Women's History examinations for "The United States has become tech- Month keynote address the three majornologically challenged," she observed. on March 6. technical high"There are currently 200,000 unfilled "Read, read, read, and schoolsinthejobs in the computer industry alone, learn, learn, learn," she New York area,and, by the year 2006, it is estimated advised the audience, Charlynn Spencer Pyne but was sent tothat the computer field will generate which included third- Aprille Ericsson-Jackson livewithhermore than a million new openings. gradestudentsfrom grandparentsinThe United States cannot afford to lose Watkins Elementary School in Wash-Cambridge, Mass., where she gradu-more than half of its talent and the fresh ington, D.C. ated from high school with honors. Thisperspective that women and minori- In addition to building satellites, put her in close proximity to the Massa-ties can bring to these critical fields. We delivering motivational speeches, men-chusetts Institute of Technology, wheremust work together across the bound- toring young people and participating she earned a bachelor's degree in aero-aries of skin color and gender." in a wide variety of sports, Ms. Erics-nautical-astronautical engineering on As a woman, it is important to Ms. son-Jackson has made the time to reada minority scholarship in 1986. ThatEricsson-Jackson that her work have a and learn about the technological con-was the year of the shuttle disaster thatpositive effect on the Earth. Many of tributions of women and minorities. claimed the lives of all passengers onthe satellites she designs are used to If I'm a 'giant in science,' it is onlythe Challenger, and most of the jobsmonitor the Earth and collect data that because I stand on the shoulders ofoffered in aerospace engineering wereexplain Earth's processes. For example, my forefathers," she said. "We must go for strategic defense. her work on the Tropical Rain Measur- back and reclaim our past so we can Undeterred from her goal of becom-ing Mission helped observe the effects move forward." ing an astronaut, Ms. Ericsson-Jackson of El Nino and La Nina, in order to cor- In a slide show presentation, sheearned a master's degree in engineering relate their activity with crop produc- highlighted the contributions of somefrom Howard University in 1992 andtivity. She also takes pride in the fact of her role models such as Hypatia accepted her current position as an aero-that products developed for use in the (born A.D. 370), the first woman knownspace engineer at the NASA Goddardaerospace industry, such as protective to have actively participated in theSpace Flight Center in Maryland thateye lenses and pill-size heart monitors, academic fields of math and science); same year. In 1995 she became the firstare also being used to improve our Imhotep (born 2750 B.C.), believed toAfrican American woman to receive a daily lives. be the first physician; and pioneers indoctorate degree in mechanical engi- Excited by her work and many out- aeronautics such as , neering from Howard University. She isside interests, Ms. Ericsson-Jackson is who, in 1921, became the first Africancurrently among the 10 percent of appli-keenly aware that time is a precious American to earn a pilot's license. cants (350 of 3,500) who have made itcommodity. "Imagine that there is a Just as she draws strength from thethrough the first round of interviews for bank that credits your account each past, she is keenly aware of the role sheNASA's astronaut training program. morning with $86,400 but does not can play in giving others a leg up. By her own admission, Ms. Ericsson-allow you to carry over a balance," "My greatest challenge is climbingJackson is on a crusade to reach out tosaid Ms. Ericsson-Jackson "Each day it the ladder of success, and pullingthe largest population of math and sci-cancels the amount you failed to use others behind me," she said. "If youence underachieversyoung girls. each day. Think of that bank account see a turtle sitting on top of a fence "It's not that they're incapable," she as time, with 86,400 seconds each day. post, you know he had help gettingsaid. "It's just that they have beenThere's no borrowing against tomor- there," she said, invoking a favoriteunwittingly discouraged from suc-row, so draw out every cent today." quote from Roots author Alex Haley. ceeding in these fields." It took some help to get Ms. Erics- She cited studies that show that Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist in son-Jackson from her impoverishedthrough the fifth grade girls and boys the Public Affairs Office.

82 INFORMATION BULLETIN g Life Lines The Literature of Women's Human Rights

By MARY-JANE DEEB of Nevada and a col- widely. Ms. Ahmed read three n the occasion of International Wom- umnist for the Reno passages from her Egyptian Qen's Day, the Library's African andGazette Journal. She memoir. The first described the Middle Eastern Division and the Wom-has written a number last days of her father as he lay en's Learning Partnership co-sponsored of books in Spanish, dying in bed while his wife and a March 7 progrdiit titled "Life Lines: The including Testimonio daughter hovered around him Literature of Women's Human Rights." Femenino como Escri- trying to help him stay alive. A The Women's Learning Partnership is tura Contestataria. Her man of courage and vision, he a nongovernmental organization thatpresentation was had been destroyed by a politi- works to promote better communica-supposedtohave cal system that had rejected his Megan Brown tion and cooperation between womenbeensimultaneous Emma Sepulveda ideas and ostracized him for around the world in order to advancewith that of Marjorie not conforming. In another pas- women's human rights. Agosin, an activist and poet whosage, reminiscent of an impressionist Speakers at this second annual lecture teaches in the Spanish Departmentpainting, Leila Ahmed describes her series included well-known womenat Wellesley College and who wasmother stretching on a chaise lounge poets, writers and scholars from Egypt, recently honored with the U.N. Leader-with a beautiful garden in the back- Iran, and Argentina who sharedship Award for Human Rights. Unfor-ground, sad because she is unable to their thoughts and writings with atunately because of a blizzard, Ms.write about the eventful life she has packed audience. Beverly Gray, chiefAgosin was snowbound and unable toled. The last section of Ahmed's pre- of the African and Middle Eastern fly to Washington. sentation focused on her contempla- Division, welcomed the guests and The simultaneous presentation wastive grandmother in their summer introduced the moderator, Mahnazto have been readings from the cor-home in Alexandria, Egypt, who Afkhami, president of the Women'srespondence of these two women,taught her some of the most beautiful Learning Partnership. over a period of almost verses of the Koran Thefirstspeaker, four decades. The audi- andmadeher Azar Nefisseh, a pro- ence only got to hear the understand what fessor at the School voice of Ms. Sepulveda it means to be a of Advanced Interna- writing to Agosin about Muslim woman. tional Studies at Johns her Catholic upbringing Abena Busia, a HopkinsUniversity in Chile and her exiles first Ghanaian poet, read a text prepared by from Argentina because writer and profes- Go li Taraghi, a prize- her father did not sup- sor of English at winning short story port Juan Peron, and then Rutgers University, writer,novelist and egan Brown from Chile after Salvador Megan Brown began. her presen- Azar Nefisseh Abena Busia filmmaker. A native of Allende was overthrown tation with a mag- Iran, Ms. Taraghi lives in exile in Paris, and Augusto Pinochet took over. Shenificent "Poem to Mandela." It recap- but returns every couple of years toarrived in , where she knewtured some of the important events Iran to publish her work and show her no English and had some big miscon-that took place primarily in Africa films. She humorously described theceptions of about American urban life.during his 27 years of captivity, giving difficult process of returning to Iran but She then moved to Nevada, wherea sense of Mandela's courage. Every then described the joy of arriving there,she completed her studies, ran forverse ended "You were still alive and the beauty of the Persian language, office and became a professor and veryyou were still not free." Ms. Busia also the warmth of old friends and family,important voice for Latino affairs as aread a moving poem about growing and the scents of the flowers and famil-newspaper columnist. up the daughter of one of the iar foods. This pleasure was quickly The third speaker founders of modern Ghana and eclipsed, however, by the shock of thewasLeilaAhmed, following her father into exile. new realities under a regime that cen-professor of Women's The poem, she said, was about sors literature and art in all its forms. StudiesinReligion the places she and her family Ms. Goli's humor was most evident inat Harvard Divinity had lived in while in exile in her description of a blind film censorSchool. She has writ- England, Holland, Mexico and who cut her films and decided whatten some classic works elsewhere around the globe. Iranians could and could not watch inon women in Islam and Each place had a personal story theaters. most recently wrote a of courage and exile. Ms. Go li was followed by Emmamemoir, A Border Pas- Sepulveda, an Argentinian professor sage from Cairo to Amer- Mary-Jane Deeb is the Arab world in the Foreign Language and Liter- ica: A Woman's Journey, Megan Brown area specialist in the African and ature Department at the Universitywhich was reviewed Leila Ahmed Middle Eastern Division.

APRIL 2001 202 83 o * S

Robin Smith Robin Smith Carlynn Thompson, director of the Research, Development and Acquisition Information Support Directorate, Defense Technical Information Center (DTOC), receives the award for Librarian of theYear from Dr. Billington. They are joined by Susan Tarr, executive director, FLICC, and Kurt Molholm, administrator for DTIC; Sherrie Floyd, Army administrative librarian for the 22nd Area Support Group, Vicenza, , accepts the other award for Librarian of the Year. FLICC Awards Federal Libraries, Librarians,Technicians Honored

o recognize the many innovativeidentifyingalternativeinformation2000 Federal Librarian of the Year Tways federal libraries, librarians resources, creating desktop tools, devel- An abundance of highly qualified and library technicians fulfill the infor- oping and delivering training on fram-librarians with outstanding, innovative mation demands of government, busi- ing search strategies and on searchingand sustained achievements in 2000 ness, scholarly communities and thecommercial databases and full textresulted in a tie for this category: American public, the Federal LibraryInternet tools. Working with focus Sherrie M. Floyd,chief, Army and Information Center Committeegroups, the center determined perfor-Library Program, Vicenza, Italy, is rec- (FLICC) has announced the winners ofmance standards, collected both quan-ognized for her innovative leadership, its national awards for federal librarian-titative and qualitative data from usersentrepreneurial spirit, enthusiasm and ship. as indicators of customer satisfactiondetermination to negotiate and guide The award winners were honoredand published reports describing itsthe successful development, outfitting at the 18th Annual FLICC Forum on contributions to the organizational mis-and staffing of two U.S. Army libraries Federal Information Policies on Marchsion. NASA's Goddard Space Flightin Bosnia. While working under aus- 27 in Washington, where they received Center Library and the U.S. Agency fortere and potentially dangerous condi- their awards and were guests of theInternational Development Librarytions, she enhanced the Army's peace- forum. (A report on the forum will bereceived honorable mention. keeping mission in the Balkans by published next month.) Their names providing services that supported the will remain on permanent display mental and physical well-being of sol- with the names of winners from pre- diers, built morale and cohesion, and vious years in the FLICC offices at the improved the quality of life through Library of Congress. recreational, social and educational Federal libraries and staff through- reading. out the United States and abroad com- Carlynn J. Thompson, director, peted in three award categories for the Research Development and Acquisi- third annual FLICC Awards; the win- tion Information Support Directorate, ners are listed below: Defense Technical Information Center, is recognized for her active and inno- 2000 Federal Library/Information Robin Smith vative leadership and professionalism Center of the Year Kristin Vajs, director of the Scien- in the provision of information ser- The Scientific and Technical Infor- tific and Technical Information vices. She is an acknowledged expert mation Center, U.S. Patent and Trade- Center, U.S. Patent and Trade- on both technical and policy issues mark Office, is recognized for increas- mark Office (PTO), accepts the associated with Web development, ing examiner knowledge of, and access Library of theYear Award with Fred privacy and information security, net- to, electronic and print resources bySchmidt, administrator, Search work operations and management. determining mandatory search sources, and Information Resources, PTO. continued on page 85

84 (kr) INFORMATION BULLETIN iv4i3 Traveling Culture Chautauqua Collection Debuts Online

A new collection, "Traveling "an integral part of the national A..Culture: Circuit Chautau- defense." qua in the Twentieth Century" The Circuit takes its name is now available on the Amer- ALt4.,;_f- _AA.4.4...A7 from Lake Chautauqua in west- ican Memory collections Web ern New York state, where it site at w w w.loc.gov. At:n-71 VsSINBLI originated and first appeared Thecollection Mrin comprises te-autit'ion rrt in 1904. The standard program nearly 8,000 publicity brochures, RF;OPArrt chilkUttwv consisted of lectures, musical promotional advertisements and performances, variety acts, and flyers featuring more than 4,500 o - dramatic readings. This summer performers who were part of camp for families that promised the Circuit Chautauqua. These "education and uplift" quickly talent brochures are drawn from became popular and was copied therecordofthe Redpath by the independent chautau- FROM TNE UNIVERSITY-OF ICAIIA LIBRARIES' Lyceum Bureau, one of the Kristen Desmond and Andrea Dillon quas. During its peak in the mid- largest booking agencies for the 1920s, there were 21 circuits pro- Circuit Chautauqua. The records area Methodist minister (later a bishop),viding programs in more than 10,000 held by the University of Iowa. Theirand John Heyl Vincent, the Circuitcommunities in 45 states to an esti- digitization was made possible by anChautauqua was established to deliver mated 40 million people. The Great award from the Library of Congress/educational, spiritual, and cultural Depression brought an end to most cir- Ameritech National Digital Librarystimulation to rural and small-towncuits, although a few continued until Competition. This $2 million, three-America. Touted as morally respect-World War II. year program, which concluded inable vaudeville, the Circuit Chautau- This new online collection has been 1999, has made awards to 33 institu-qua was an early form of mass cul- added to the more than 90 already freely tions nationwide to enable them toture. Theodore Roosevelt called theavailable from American Memory, make their important American his-Circuit Chautauqua "the most Ameri-which is a project of the National Digi- tory collections available online. can thing in America." During Worldtal Library Program of the Library of Founded in 1874 by Lewis Miller,War I, Woodrow Wilson described it asCongress.

FLICC vice standards has contributed continued from page 84 to the growing success of PTO's recently established Electronic Her information science backgroundInformation Center. Carolly J. provides the basis for her understand-Struck of the U.S. Naval Hospi- ing of client requirements, end-usertal Medical Library Great Lakes, -interfaces LU! Lit! IL irLa-nagemenL. ill., iecel yeti i Lolloict ble Her skills make her a leader both to the Information on the 2001 Award Department of Defense and to the fed-program will be announced later eral information community at large. this spring. For the latest infor- mation on the awards, inter- 2000 Federal LibraryTechnician ested parties may refer to the of theYear FLICC Web site (www.loc.gov/ Darcy Bates, library technician, Elec-flicc), where information regard- tronic Information Center, U.S. Patenting the 2001 nomination packet Robin Snsth and Trademark Office (PTO), is rec-will be posted on the "What'sMs.Tarr talks with Library Technician of theYear Darcy Bates from the Electronic ognized for personal initiative, techni-New" section as soon asit cal skills and rapport with customers.becomes available. Information Center at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. His willingness to respond to emerging The Federal Library and Infor- customer needs resulted in a dramaticmation Center Committee fosters increase in the demand for information excellence in federal library and infor-the Library of Congress, FLICC also services and created a group of satis-mation services through interagencymakes recommendations on federal fied and repeat customers. His abilitycooperation and provides guidancelibrary and information policies, pro- to rise to new challenges and dealand direction for the Federal Librarygrams and procedures to federal agen- with a rapidly increasing workloadand Information Network (FEDLINK). cies and to others concerned with librar- while maintaining high customer ser-Created in 1965 and headquartered aties and information centers.

APRIL 2001 20c) 85 ,i* o , ,. . .,. Vi,. ---,--.170--- <. ° 'Born in Slavery' An Introduction to the WPA Slave Narratives

The American Memory collec- the informant was his or her tion "Born in Slavery: Slave Narra- owner's only slave. The treat- tives from the Federal Writers' Proj- ment these individuals reported ect, 1936-1938" (www.loc.gov) ran the gamut from the most contains more than 2,300 first- harsh, impersonal and exploit- person accounts of slavery and ative to working and living con- 500 black-and-white photographs of ditions that were intimate and former slaves. These narratives and benevolent. Except for the fact photos were collected in the 1930s /a that most of the informants as part of the Federal Writers' Proj- n9( were relatively young when ect of the Works Progress Adminis- Slave Narrativeirfrom the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938they experienced slavery (older tration (WPA). slaves had died long before A joint presentation of the Manuscriptachievements of the WPA. Compiled in these interviews were undertaken), all and Prints and Photographs divisions of17 states during 1936-38, the collectionthe major categories of the slave popu- the Library of Congress, the online collec- consists of more than 2,300 interviewslation appear to be well represented in tion includes more than 200 images from thewith former slaves, most of them first-the collection. Prints and Photographs Division that are person accounts of slave life and the Because the actual occupational dis- now available to the public for the first time. respondents' own reactions to bond-tribution of the slave population is "Born in Slavery" was made possible by a age. The interviews afforded aged ex-unknown, assurance of total random- major gift from the Citigroup Foundation. slaves an unparalleled opportunity toness in this sample is impossible. But American Memory is a project of thegive their personal accounts of lifethere appears little reason to believe that National Digital Library Program of theunder the "peculiar institution," tothe processes involved in the selection Library of Congress. More than 5 million describe in their own words what it feltof interviewees produced a sample that items relating to American history, from the like to be a slave in the United States. systematically diverged from the larger collections of the Library and other institu- population. The WPA narratives thus tions, are freely available. This award-win- A Collective Portrait constitute an illuminating and invalu- ning Web site receives more than 25 million The Slave Narrative Collection pro-able source of data about antebellum hits each month. vides a unique and collective portraitand post-emancipation Southern life, of a historical population. Indeed, his-the institution of slavery and, most BY NORMAN R. YETMAN torian David Brion Davis has arguedimportant, the reactions and perspec- In1855, John Little, a fugitive slavethat the voluminous number of doc- tives of those who had been enslaved. who had escaped to Canada, utteredumented slave testimonies available thisperceptive commentary uponin the United States "is indisputably attempts to convey the realities of theunique among former slaveholding existence that he had fled: "Tisn't henations." In addition to the substantial who has stood and looked on, that cannumber of life histories it contains, the tell you what slavery is'tis he whomost compelling feature of the collec- has endured." tion is the composition of the sample The view that slavery could bestof people who made up its informants. be described by those who had them-Although not a representative sample selves experienced it personally hasof the slave population, they were a found expression in several thousandremarkably diverse and inclusive cross commentaries, autobiographies, narra-section of former slaves. Those whose tives and interviews with those whovoices are included in the collection "endured." Although most of theseranged in age from 1 to 50 at the time accounts appeared before the Civilof emancipation in 1865, which meant War, more than one-third are the resultthat more than two-thirds were over 80 of the ambitious efforts of the Federalwhen they were interviewed. Almost Writers' Project of the Works Progressall had experienced slavery within the Administration (WPA) to interview states of the Confederacy and still lived surviving ex-slaves during the 1930s. there. They represented all the major The result of these efforts was theslave occupations. Moreover, the size Slave Narrative Collection, a group ofof the slave units on which respon- autobiographical accounts of formerdents reported living varied consider- slaves that today stands as one of ably, from plantations with more than aJames Boyd, age about 100, with the most enduring and noteworthy thousand slaves to situations in whichunidentified woman, ca. 1937

86 ) INFORMATION BULLETIN g'tP0 04' Slave Narratives During Slavery were eagerly sought for pub- and After lication by abolitionist jour- The Slave Narrative Collection rep-nals and proved financially resents the culmination of a literary tra-successful. While it is difficult ditionthat e-xtencis back to thc.-JLJLSL to weigh thPirprecise influ- century, when the earliest American enceon the antislavery cru- slave narratives began to appear. Thesade, there is little doubt that greatest vogue of this genre occurredthey effectively countered the during the three decades of sectionalpropaganda of pro-slavery controversy that preceded the Civilapologists. War. The avowed intention of the ante- The vogue for the slave nar- beiium narrative was to challenge therative waned after the Civil roseate portrait of slavery painted byWar. The typical antebellum its apologists. The pro-slavery justi-narrative had served as an fication of the "peculiar institution"exposé of the horrors of the alleged that it was a benevolent system"peculiar institution," but the and that the position of the slave wasCivil War settled the issue of more secure than that of the Northernslavery and destroyed the nar- wage earner. The slave, according torative's raison d'etre. The sen- George Fitzhugh, one of the most vig-sational narrative of prewar orous of the pro-slavery propagan-vintage lingered on, but its dists, "was happy as a human can be."publicationafterthe war SarahGudger, age 121, ca. 1937 But the stereotype of the "contentedfailed to elicit the same sym- slave" was contradicted by the manypathy and enthusiasm. A nation wearytion legend" popularized by Southern fugitive slaves who sought refuge fromof war and intent upon reconciliationlocal colorists. While local-color treat- bondage in the North and in Canada.expressed little desire to be remindedment of the oral tradition of the ex- Their often sensational revelations ofof the realities of life before the war.slave helped to sustain an interest in the realities of slave life provided a per-Most of the narratives that did appearAfrican American folklore during the suasive challenge to Southern justifica- in the half century following Recon-early years of the 20th century, this tions of slavery. During the antebellumstructiontheir number meager whenalone proved insufficient to arouse a period, thousands of autobiographi- compared to the abundance of antebel-more general interest in recording ex- cal and biographical accounts of slave lum narrativesreflected a radicallyslaves' accounts of life under slavery. experiences were published and gen-different conception of slave life. NowAs the ranks of former slaves dwin- erally promoted and distributed bythe narratives were employed almostdled, so did the possibility of preserv- abolitionist propagandists. These nar-exclusively as a nostalgic and senti-ing the "inside view" of slavery that ratives enjoyed immense popularity,mental reaffirmation of the "planta-their testimonies provided.

In this box and in the boxes on pages of work to keep and maintain the Tol-turbance on horseback at full tilt, they 89 and 93 are excerpts from the narra-sons. They being poor, not having awould be caught, throwing those tives available from "Born in Slavery: large place or a number of slaves towho would come in contact with the Slave Narratives from the Federal Writ-increase their wealth, made them littlerope or vine off the horse, sometimes ers 1-'roject,1936-1 938- above the free colored people mid bddly iILJU1iitLhe riders. This would with no knowledge, they could notcreate hatred between the slaves, the Perry Lewis, teach me or any one else to read. free people, the patrollers and other "I was born on Kent Island, Md., "You know the Eastern Shore ofwhite people who were concerned. about 86 years ago. My father's nameMaryland was in the most produc- "In my childhood days I played was Henry and mother's Louise. Itive slave territory and where farm-marbles, this was the only game I had one brother John, who was killeding was done on a large scale; andremember playing. As I was on a in the Civil War at the Deep Bottom,in that part of Maryland where theresmall farm, we did not come in con- one sister as I can remember. Mywere many poor people and many oftact much with other children, and father was a freeman and my motherwhom were employed as overseers,heard no children's songs. I therefore a slave, owned by Thomas Tolson,you naturally heard of patrollers anddo not recall the songs we sang. who owned a small farm on whichwe had them and many of them. I "I do not remember being sick I was born in a log cabin, with twohave heard that patrollers were onbut I have heard mother say, when rooms, one up and one down. Kent Island and the colored peopleshe or her children were sick, the "As you know the mother was thewould go out in the country on thewhite doctor who attended the Tol- owner of the children that she broughtroads, create a disturbance to attractsons treated us and the only herbs I into the world. Mother being a slavethe patrollers' attention. They wouldcan recall were life-everlasting bone- made me a slave. She cooked andtie the ropes and grape vines acrossset and woodditney, from each of worked on the farm, ate whatever wasthe roads, so when the patrollerswhich a tea could be made. in the farmhouse and did her sharewould come to the scene of the dis- "This is about all I can recall."

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explaining the sense of urgency thatreflected a post-World War I revital- inspired the several narrative-gather-ization of African American culture ing efforts, it is insufficient to accountthat was instituted and promoted in for the heightened awareness of thelarge measure by blacks themselves. narratives' value at this particularMost dramatically manifested in the time. The underlying sources of thisHarlem Renaissance of the 1920s, this interest must be sought elsewhere. revitalization was marked by a con- certed quest for a "usable" past, one Slave Narratives and the New that would impart a sense of self- Debate About Slavery respect, dignity and identity to Afri- Just as the antebellum slave narra-can Americans. One result was the tives had gained prominence in reac-serious study of black history, spear- tion to the Southern defense of slav-headed by the unremitting efforts ery, so interest in the latter-day slaveand inspiration of W.E.B. DuBois and narrative was stimulated by the domi-of Carter G. Woodson, the energetic nant attitudes toward the slave regimefounder, editor and moving spirit that prevailed in the first quarter ofbehind the Journal o f Negro History.. The the 20th century. Seldom before oremergence of an increasing number since has racism been so pervasiveof black scholars signaled the demise and so academically respectable inof black acquiescence to the prevail- the United States. The assumption ofing white interpretations of the Afri- the innate and inherited inferioritycan American past. of non-Anglo-Saxon racial and ethnic The authority of Phillips's interpre- groups permeated and dominatedtation therefore did more than rekin- Mary Kindred, age 80, ca. 1937 white intellectual and popular thought.dle interest in the subject of slavery. Social, scientific and historical thoughtAlthough accepted as authoritative in The Twentieth Century Revival both mirrored and reinforced thismost academic circles, his sympathetic This trend was dramatically reversedracism. view was indignantly contested by during the late 1920s and the 1930s, By far the most profound influencethe new generation of black scholars which witnessed a revival of interestupon the historical study of slaverywho, as the slaves' blood and spiritual in slave narratives. During this period,during this period was the writingsdescendants, could not approach slav- several independent projects to secureof Ulrich B. Phillips, whose monu-ery in the spirit of erudition alone. Just ex-slave testimonies were undertaken.mental American Negro Slavery (Newas Phillips's Southern background and What most clearly distinguished theseYork, 1918; reprint Baton Rouge, Lou-heritage had exerted a profound and from earlier efforts was their socio-isiana, 1996) established him as thepervasive influence upon his view of logical character. The single-mindedleading authority on the subject. Amer-slavery, so the portrait espoused by moralism that had pervaded earlierican Negro Slavery was so compre-African Americans was derived from a narratives diminished substantially.hensive, its scholarship so exacting, The typical supplanted the dramaticand its racial assumptions so closely as the primary focus of inquiry;attuned to those then prevailing, that detailed questionnaires were designedit "succeeded in neutralizing almost to obtain a catalog of information onevery assumption of the antislavery the daily round of slave life. The pri-tradition," according to Stanley M. mary goal in each instance was simplyElkins in Slavery: A Problem in Amer- to get aged African Americans to dis-ican Institutional and Intellectual Life cuss the range of their experiences(Chicago, 1959). and impressions of life under the slave The portrait of slavery that emerged regime. The Federal Writers' Projectfrom American Negro Slavery bore a study that produced the Slave Nar-striking resemblance to that espoused rative Collection was the most ambi-by pro-slavery apologists before the tious and comprehensive of severalCivil War. It minimized the severity such efforts. of American slavery, extolled its civ- The reasons for the resurgence ofilizing and Christianizing functions interest in slave narratives are bothand reasserted the notion that the numerous and complex. With theslave was submissive rather than number of surviving ex-slaves rap-defiant. The overall effect was a idly diminishing by the 1930s, theverification of the "plantation myth" time was imminent when their testi-and a confirmation of what Stanley monies could no longer be obtained.Elkins has termed the "Sambo" image This fact was often cited as a motiva-of the slave. tion by those compiling the narratives. Against this background, the revival However, while it goes far towardof interest in the slave narrative Mother and child, ca. 1937

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Anna Smith, Summit County, Ohio In a little old rocking chair, sits an old colored "mammy" known to her friends as "cnnA ma" Smith, spending the remain- ing days with her grandchildren. Small of stature, tipping the scales at about 100 lbs. but alert to the wishes and cares of her children, this old lady keeps posted on current events from those around her. With no stoop or bent back and with a firm siep she helps with the housework and preparing of meals, waiting, when permitted, on others. In odd moments, she likes to work at her favorite task of "hook- ing" rag rugs. Never having worn glasses, her eye- Alonza Fantroy Toombs, ca. 1937 sight is the envy of the younger genera- tion. She spends most of the time at home, tradition perpetuated and enrichedextended back to the 19th century, preferring her rocker and pipe (she has by the accounts of those who hadincreased significantly during the been smoking for more than 80 years) to a experienced life under the slave'20s and was enlivened by inno- back seat in an automobile.... regime. When Phillips spurned thevations such as the unique brand A note of hesitancy about speaking of use of ex-slave reminiscences asof folk sociology pioneered by her past shows at times when she realizes historical data, he rejected the valid-Howard W. Odum at the Univer- she is talking to one not of her own race, ity of the very source upon whichsity of North Carolina. but after eight years in the north, where many of the basic assumptions of This burgeoning interestin she has been treated courteously by her African American scholars wereAfrican American culture was white neighbors, that old feeling of inferi- ultimately founded. enhanced immeasurably by the ority under which she lived during slave Phillips's aversion to using slaverapidly expanding disciplines of days and later on a plantation in Kentucky narratives as appropriate sOUrcesanthropology and sociology. While has about disappeared. of historical data also precludedsocial-scientific thought was not Her home is [al comfortably furnished the study of slavery written fromimmune to the popular racial pre- two story house with a front porch.... the standpoint of the slave, sinceconceptions of the day, the author- Kentucky with its past history still retains the sources he employed wereity of such doctrines was weak- its hold. She refers to it as "God's Chosen inadequate to answer the ques-ened by the impact of intellectual Land" and would prefer to end her days tion, "What was it like to be acurrents from within the social sci- where about 80 years of her life was spent. slave?" The recognition that onlyences themselves. The concept of On her 101st birthday (1935) she posed for individuals who had lived underculture, more than any other single a picture, seated in her favorite chair with the slave regime could adequatelyidea, contributed to the erosion her closest friend, her pipe. answer this question contributedof respectable racism. Although is as big a man with substantially to the surge of inter-explicitly accepted only in avant- her today as when he freed her people.... est in obtaining the testimonies ofgarde circies during the '20s, the Anna Smith's parents are William Clarke former slaves. cultureconcept had been an and Miranda Toll. Her father was a slave implicit and sometimes contradic- belonging to Judge Toll. It was common Slave Narratives and the tory component of the working practice for slaves to assume the last name Waning Authority of Racism assumptions of many social sci- of their owners. The discovery of African Amer-entists even at the zenith of the It was before war was declared between ican culture during the 1920s andvogue of racist thought. Facilitated the North and South that she was married, 1930s engaged the attention of aby the decline of racialist explana- for she claims her daughter was "going on growing number of whites as well. tions and by an increased sophis- three" when President Lincoln freed the White writers found in Africantication in methodological tech- slaves. Mrs. Smith remembers her father American life and culture a freshniques, social-scientific attention to who died at the age of 117 years. source of artistic materials, andrace and African American culture Her oldest brother was 50 when he serious treatment of black culturesteadily increased throughout the joined the Confederate Army. Three other was a distinguishing feature of the'20s and '30s. The convergence brothers were sent to the front. One was Southern literary renaissance thatof these several currents fostered an ambulance attendant, one belonged to flourished in the 1920s. Interest ina climate receptive to efforts to the cavalry, one an orderly sergeant and black art and entertainment wasobtain personal testimonies con- the other joined the infantry. All were reflected in the acceptance of jazzcerning antebellum slave life, and killed in action. Anna Smith's husband by white musicians and its popu-it was from within this cultural later joined the war and was reported larity among white audiences. Fas-milieu that interest in the collection killed.... cination with black folklore, whichof ex-slave narratives arose.

APRIL 2001 89 CollectionsThat Led the Way relied heavily on personal interviews, The earliest of the endeavors toand Ophelia Settle of the Social Science secure interviews with ex-slaves wasInstitute's research staff interviewed a initiated in 1929 under private aus-large number of former slaves. pices when separate and independent Johnson quickly recognized the value projects began simultaneously at Fiskof preserving such firsthand accounts University, Southern University and of slave life and urged that a concerted Prairie View State College. The proj-effort be made to obtain them. In addi- ects at Southern and Prairie View weretion to those in Nashville, interviews directed by John B. Cade, a historianwere conducted in rural Tennessee and whose interest in using the accountsKentucky and later as an integral com- of ex-slaves was initially aroused byponent of Johnson's study of Macon the controversy over the nature ofCounty, Ala., which formed the sub- the slave regime and, in particular,stance of his analysis of the plantation by Ulrich B. Phillips's contention thatas a social institution. These interviews slaves had been contented with theirproved so satisfactory that Johnson lot. Cade later summarized the mate-planned to publish a volume based on rials collected under his direction atan analysis of the 100 documents Settle Southern in his July 1935 article in thehad obtained. Although the plan was Journal of Negro History, "Out of thenever realized, the Social Science Insti- Mouths of Ex-Slaves," and the proj-tute's Unwritten History of Slavery ect's success stimulated him to under-reproduced approximately one-third take a similar effort at Prairie Viewof the narratives. Patsy Moses, age 74, ca. 1937 during the mid-1930s. The Fisk collection of slave narra-The WPA and Americans' Life Writers' Projects designed to assist tives evolved as an unanticipated conse- Histories unemployed writers, artists, musicians quence of research directed by Charles Yet private efforts to preserve the lifeand actors by providing them with S. Johnson, who had established thehistories of former slaves accountedemployment that would use their occu- Social Science Institute at Fisk in 1928. for only a small portion of the nar-pational skills. With the creation of the One of Johnson's earliest projects, anratives collected during this period.Arts Project, the federal government extensive community study of the Afri- The advent of the markedembarked upon an unprecedented pro- can American neighborhoods adjacenta new phase, for it was under Newgram of support for artistic and cul- to Fisk in Nashville, foreshadowed theDeal employment programs for joblesstural endeavors. influence his research training at the Uni-white-collar workers that narrative col- As originally envisioned, the pri- versity of Chicago's renowned Depart-lecting reached its zenith, first, in 1934mary task of the Federal Writers' Proj- ment of Sociology was to exert on thein a Federal Emergency Relief Agency ect was to prepare a comprehensive Fisk collection of slave narratives. In(FERA) white-collar project headed byand panoramic "American Guide," a that study, Johnson's research design Lawrence D. Reddick at Kentucky Stategeographical-social-historical portrait College, and subsequently in its succes- of the states, cities and localities of the sor organization, the Works Progressentire United States. The original idea Administration. Both agencies wereof a single multivolume national guide created in response to the massiveultimately gave way to the American unemployment of the Great Depres-Guide Series, composed of a number of sion and were designed to use unem-state and local guides. ployed workers on public-works proj- As the Writers' Project became more ects such as building roads, dams,firmly established and its research bridges and swimming pools. How-potential more apparent, the scope ever, the scourge of unemploymentof its efforts broadened beyond the duringtheDepressionwas notguides, and activities initially associ- restricted to blue-collar workers, andated with them assumed independent thus both the FERA and the WPAsignificance. Among these was a series included projects for white-collar work-of projects manifesting a fresh appre- ers as well. The most notable of theseciation for the folk elements in Ameri- were the WPA Arts Projects. can life, the most innovative of which The spirit of innovation and experi-sought interviewsforanthologies mentation that was the hallmark of thereflecting the lives of Americans from New Deal was nowhere more clearlymany different backgrounds. manifested than in the establishment According to Ann Banks, editor of of Federal Project Number One, betterFirst Person America (New York, 1981) known as the Federal Arts Project, anthe result was "the largest body of umbrella organization that includedfirst-person narratives ever collected Allen Sims, ca. 1937 the Federal Art, Music, Theatre andin this country." And the collections 09 90 INFORMATION BULLETIN of folklore, life histories and materials on African American life that resulted gave impetus to the collection of slave narratives. Thus the progrnm Ana perconnpl of the Writers' Project presented a unique opportimity to pursue folklore research on a national basis, and the emphasis upon the collection of folklore materi- als became one of the project's most characteristic and productive features. To direct activities in this area, the Writ- ers' Project recruited John A. Lomax, one of the foremost figures in the devel- opment of American folklore. A man whose pioneering efforts in folklore research established him as "the great- est popularizer and one of the greatest field collectors of American folksong," Lomax was instrumental in identify- ing and preserving important black folk materials that had previously been overlooked or ignored. Henry Robinson, ex-slave, ca. 1937 Lomax's tenure with the Writers' Project was relatively brief, but hisadministration proved more respon-port, Sterling A. Brown, a Washington, impact upon it, and especially on thesive to the needs and interests of Afri-D.C., poet and Howard University Eng- formation of the Slave Narrative Col-can Americans than had any adminis-lish professor, was enlisted to ensure lection, was enduring. His early direc-tration since Lincoln's. Blacks, in turn,that "the Negro [was] not neglected in tion of the project's folldore researchbecame an important element in theany of the publications written by or mirrored his personal interest in South-New Deal coalition. Cooperation was sponsored by the Writers' Project." ern and rural materials. The interviewfostered by the efforts of a handful of While its primary official respon- method of collecting folklore and theprominent administration spokesmensibilities were editorial, the Office of corollary emphasis upon the collectionand by the pressures thatAfrican Amer-Negro Affairs also served as watchdog of life-history materials, both of whichicans themselves exerted to obtain rep- over the Writers' Project's personnel he introduced, became a hallmark ofresentation in New Deal programs.practices. In this capacity its course of Writers' Project research. The life-his-Through these efforts, blacks wereaction was limited because personnel tory approach was used not only inappointed to positions of responsibility policies were largely determined by the the Slave Narrative Collection but inwithin numerous governmental agen-participating states and the national several unpublished Writers' Projectcies, creating the "Black Cabinet" oroffice could do little more than deplore studies, such as the autobiographies"Black Brain Trust"a vocal and elo-the discrimination that existed and of Texas and Kansas range pioneers. Itquent group of highly trained and polit-recommend the addition of qualified was most fully developed in the highlyically astute African American intellec-black writers. Black participation was original and widely acciaimed Thesetuals who spearheaded ate sirum,iefoi in many insances circumscribed 13-y- Are Our Lives, published by the Federalcivil rights during the '30s. Within thewhite Southern mores that dictated Writers' Project in 1939, as a series ofadministration, its members served,the establishment of separate units for life histories of a broad and diverseofficially and unofficially, as their agen-white and black, the cost of which was but undistinguished group of residentscy's "race relations adviser" and "tooften prohibitive. Moreover, state Writ- of the southeastern United States. Thelook out for the Negro interests." Dis-ers' Project officials were extremely Slave Narrative Collection was thus crimination still flourished, for this rep- sensitive to local white public opinion a natural and logical extension of theresentation of African Americans in theand were reluctant to take any action Writers' Project goal of letting ordinary New Deal was largely token. But com- that might endanger their already ten- people tell their own life stories. pared to the indifference of previousuous status in the eyes of the white administrations, it was also a signifi-community. When individual African The Black Presence in the cant departure. Americans were hired in states lack- Writers' Project African American participation on the ing separate black units, their terms During the Depression, an awakenedWriters' Project was achieved only afterwere often of short duration; the famil- appreciation for the cultural diversitythe lack of black personnel had beeniar pattern of "last hired, first fired" is of the American people heightenedscored by black leaders. Following theamply documented in Federal Writers' interest in and sympathy for American predictable New Deal pattern, an OfficeProject records. minority groups. The broad egalitarian-of Negro Affairs was created, which Yet the record of the FWP on this ism of the New Deal both reflected and played a vital role in the Writers' Proj-score is mixed. While African Amer- inspired this attitude. The Rooseveltect program. With "Black Cabinet" sup-icans were virtually excluded from

APRIL 2001 210 91 narratives was officially inaugurated by the national headquarters of the FWP in April 1937. It was a group of ex-slave narratives submitted by the Florida Writers' Proj- ect that directly sparked the establish- ment of a regional study under FWP auspices. The Florida narratives had been independently undertaken under the direction of the state director of the Florida Writers' Project, Carita Doggett Corse, who earlier in her career had glimpsed the potential value of such interviews while engaged in research on a history of Fort George Island. When Corse was appointed director of the Florida Writers' Project in the fall of 1935, the recollection of her conver- sations with an aged ex-slave who had vividly recalled much of the island's past, coupled with the Writers' Project emphases upon personal history and interview methods of data collection, suggested the possibility of using proj- Alan Lomax ect personnel to interview ex-slaves. Zora Neale Hurston, Rochelle Harris and in Eatonville, In 1936 employees of Florida's active Fla., during the Lomax-Hurston-Barnicle recording expedition toblack FWP unit, which included the Georgia, Florida and the Bahamas, June 1935 novelist-anthropologist Zora Neale Hurston, interviewed a substantial Writers' Projects in several Southerntially upon Writers' Project materialsnumber of former slaves as an integral states, the pattern was not universal. Inobtained by black researchers. Thesepart of their quest for indigenous Afri- several statesnotably Virginia, Lou-studies were curtailed and publica-can American folk materials. These isiana and Floridaambitious blacktion plans based upon them thwarted,activities were nominally associated units flourished; in several others thehowever, by the abrupt terminationwith the compilation of the Florida number of black workers fluctuated inof the Writers' Project in 1939. Only Guide and the narratives obtained were response to work quotas. And the ener- The Negro in Virginia (New York, 1940),later considered for inclusion in a pro- gies of the black writers were directeda product of that state's black unit jected volume titled The Negro in Flor- almost exclusively to the collection ofdirected by Roscoe E. Lewis and one ida, which was never completed. (In materials pertaining to African Ameri-of the outstanding achievements of the 1993 Gary W. McDonogh edited The can culture. Writers' Project, attained publication. Florida Negro: A Federal Writers' Project The relative paucity of black person- Legacy [Jackson, Miss., 1993], a pre- nel on the Writers' Project makes theirThe WPA Begins Collecting Slave viously unpublished product of the accomplishments all the more impres-Narratives Florida Writers Project, which relied sive. In addition to the collection and Preliminary plans for the Writers' extensively on interviews with African preparation of materials for the stateProject made no provision for collect-Americans.) guides, African American workers ining slave autobiographies, testimonies In March 1937 several of the Florida Arkansas, Louisiana, Florida and Vir-and reminiscences. Interviews withinterviews were forwarded to Wash- ginia engaged in research studies on former slaves were undertaken sponta-ington for editorial comment. Lomax black history and culture. The Wash-neously after the inception of the FWPand Brown were intrigued by the nar- ington office of the FWP also contem- and were included among the activitiesratives and immediately recognized plated publishing a history of the anti-of several Southern Writers' Projectsthe value of preserving them. Excited slavery struggle "from the Negro pointfor almost a year before these isolatedby the possibilities that the structure of view"; development of a compre-and unrelated efforts were transformedand emphases of the Writers' Project hensive bibliography of writings oninto a concerted regional project coor- afforded for large-scale collection of life African American culture; and thedinated by the Washington office. Proj-histories, Lomax proposed that such compilation of a documentary recordect records reveal that a small numberefforts be extended more systemati- of events in the history of the Under-of ex-slave interviews had been spo-cally to the remaining Southern and ground Railroad. radically conducted, often by a singleborder states. On April 1, 1937, the Sterling A. Brown, whose unstintingblack employee, in Alabama, Arkan-collection of slave narratives formally support and encouragement sustainedsas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina,began with the dispatch of instructions each of those efforts, had personallyTexas and Virginia without explicitto each of these states directing their formulated plans for the publicationdirection or apparent recognition fromWriters' Project workers to the task of of a volume that would draw substan-Washington before the collection ofinterviewing former slaves.

92 t 2 INFORMATION BULLETIN ,.o 956 o

100 0 's Leadership and the collected regardless of its [sic] nature." Issue of Race Lomax constantly reiterated his insis- The project to interview formertence that the interviews be recorded slaves assumed a form and scope thatverbatim, with no holds barred. In his bore Lomax's imprint and reflected hiseditorial capacity he closely adhered to experience and zeal as a collector ofthis dictum, making only minor gram- folklore. His sense of urgency inspiredmatical corrections, never altering the the efforts in several states. Andsubstance of the narratives. Narratives his prestige and personal influence were never rejected or revised because enlisted the support of many project of questions about their authenticity. officials, particularly in the deep South, On the other hand, while Lomax who might otherwise have been unre-was keenly sensitive to the impor- sponsive to requests for materials oftance of establishing adequate rapport this type. with the aged informants, it does not One might question the wisdom ofappear that he seriously considered selecting Lomax, a white Southerner, the possibility that black interviewers to direct a project involving the collec- might accomplish this more effectively tion of data from black former slaves. than white. Earlier evaluations of the Yet whatever racial preconceptionsGeorgia narratives had reported that Lomax may have held do not appearblack interviewers appeared "able to to have had an appreciable effectgain better insight" than whites and upon the Slave Narrative Collection. that the interviews obtained by blacks John W. Fields, Lafayette, Ind. Lomax's written instructions to inter-were "less tinged with glamour." Nev- "... In most of us colored folks viewers emphasized the necessityertheless, no special attempt was made was the great desire to [be] able of obtaining a faithful account ofto assign African Americans to this to read and write. We took advan- the ex-slave's version of his or hertask, as had previously been done tage of every opportunity to edu- experiences. in Georgia, Florida and several other cate ourselves. The greater part of "It should be remembered that thestates. Indeed, after the national office the plantation owners were very Federal Writers' Project is not interestedof the FWP began directing the project, harsh if we were caught trying to in taking sides on any question. Thethe writers employed as interviewers learn or write. It was the law that if worker should not censor any materialswere almost exclusively whiteand a white man was caught trying to it is probable that in educate a negro slave, he was liable many instances caste to prosecution entailing a fine of etiquette led ex-slaves 50 dollars and a jail sentence. We to tell white interview- were never allowed to go to town o ° 4 ers "what they wanted and it was not until after I ran away to hear." Lomax's per- that I knew that they sold any- sonal success in obtain- thing but slaves, tobacco, and whis- it ing African American key. Our ignorance was the great- 0 folklore may have est hold the South had on us. We blinded himtothe knew we could run away, but what effects of the interview- then? An offender guilty of this

er's race en the inter- ciialevva ilbjeCied it)ye-1y Lai L view situation. punishment. ..." Yet Lomax should not be held solely respon- sible for the paucity ofHow the Narratives Were black interviewers, forCompiled his duties were editorial Responses to the request for ex-slave ratherthanadminis-materials varied. Interviews were con- trative. And as notedducted in all Southern and most border above, African Ameri-states, as well as in New York and cans were underrepre-Rhode Island. Alabama, North Caro- sented among the writ-lina, South Carolina and Texas spon- ers in the Writers' Projectsored especially productive projects, primarily because Wash-but the achievement of the Arkansas ingtonofficialswereProjectwhose director, Bernice Bab- unable to ensure thatcock, had a special interest in the blackpersonnel be Ruby T Lomax ex-slave narrativesexceeded that of John Lomax and Uncle Rich Brown at theincluded in local andany other state. Although their brevity home of Julia Killingsworth near Sumterville,state FWP units, espe-often limits their utility, the nearly 700 Ala., Oct. 1940 cially in the South. Arkansas narratives constitute almost

APRIL 2001 93 t 1°S.212 4.4 s s publication by the individual states.effectively. Since the early , how- Approximately 2,300 narratives, asever, both the entire Slave Narrative well as a thousand related documentsCollection and selections from it have and other "non-narrative materials"been widely reprinted, and the pres- (consisting primarily of copies of news-ent effort by the Library of Congress to paper advertisements of slave auctionsmake the collection available through and runaways, state laws and bills per-the Internet now renders that limita- taining to slavery, tax enumerations ontion moot. slaves, bills of sale, etc.), were among A more significant reason for the the materials called in from the statesneglect of the Slave Narrative Collec- for permanent retention in the Librarytion before the 1970s, however, was the of Congress. circumspection with which historians Benjamin A. Botkin, a noted folk-have generally regarded personal rem- lorist who had succeeded Lomax asiniscences. Recollection of the past Folldore Editor of the Writers' Project,is always a highly subjective phe- directed the processing of these materi-nomenon, one continually susceptible als. Botkin was chiefly responsible forto modification and distortion. The preserving the narratives in a perma-alleged untrustworthiness of these nent collection, for without his sensi-interviews with aged former slaves tivity to the value of this collective por-has, therefore, been a frequent and trait and without his concern for theirnot inconsequential objection to their preservation and what could be madeuse in historical research. For exam- of them, the interviews would proba-ple, John Blassingame, whose book Lou Turner, age 89, ca. 1937 bly never have been put to use. Appro- The Slave Community was a pioneering priately subtitling the collection "Aeffort to analyze the personal accounts one-third of the entire collection. OneFolk History of Slavery in the Unitedof former slavesin this case primarily writer alone, Irene Robertson, inter-States," Botkin supervised the acces-the antebellum slave narrativeshas viewed 286 former slaves. Yet in thission of the interview materials frombeen especially skeptical of the Slave instance, as in many others in the his-the states and their organization intoNarrative Collection interviews, and, tory of the Writers' Project, plans forbound volumes that were then depos-although aware of their existence, did publication were frustrated by the ter-ited in the Rare Book Room of thenot use them in The Slave Community mination of the FWP. Library. The "non-narrative materials" for fear that their use would "lead Most of the narratives were com-that accompanied the interviews werealmost inevitably to a simplistic and piled in 1937 and early 1938. Thereaf-deposited in the Library of Congress'sdistorted view of the plantation as a ter, interviewing was curtailed for sev-Archive of Folk Song. With the excep-paternalistic institution where the chief eral reasons. The competing demandstion of a number of the Virginia nar-feature of life was mutual love and of several other FWP projects in addi-ratives used in the preparation of Therespect between masters and slaves," tion to the preparation of the GuidesNegro in Virginia and not forwardedBlassingame said in his 1972 book. meant that the slave narrative projectto Washington, all the narratives that Certainly the interviews in the Slave could not continue indefinitely. Uncer-had been sent to Washington from stateNarrative Collection present problems tainty about the ultimate disposition ofWriters' Project offices were presentedbeyond the general issue of the reli- the narratives curbed interest as well.in bound volumes to the Library ofability and accuracy of recollections Many officials also felt that the repeti-Congress in 1941. of the past. Not only had more than tion that characterized the narratives 70 years elapsed between Emancipa- marked a point of diminishing returns.The Limitations of the Slave tion and the time of the interviews, Finally, many felterroneously, it now Narrative Collection: Problems of but most informants had experienced appearsthat the supply of ex-slavesMemory slavery only as children or adolescents. had been exhausted. By the spring of Before the resurgence of interest inThose interviewed were extremely old 1939, the collecting of ex-slave inter-slavery generated by the black protestand most were living in conditions of views had ceased. movement of the 1960s and '70s, fewabject poverty during the Depression After interviewing ended, the nar-historians or social scientists sought toyears of the 1930s. These factors often ratives lay dormant for several years,mine the riches of the ex-slave testimo-combined to make them look upon the and it appeared that they might be rel-nies. One major reason for this neglectpast through rose-colored glasses; they egated to permanent archival oblivionwas that until 1972 the entire collectionfondly described events and gituations in their respective states. Upon the ter-was relatively inaccessible. Althoughthat had not been, in reality, so posi- mination of the Writers' Project, how- the original transcripts were availabletive as they recalled them. Moreover, it ever, responsibility for the final dispo-for reference in the Rare Book Divi-is apparent that some informants, mis- sition of the narratives was assumed bysion of the Library of Congress, thetaking the interviewer for a govern- the Writers' Unit of the Library of Con- collection does not circulate, and itsment representative who might some- gress Project, which was concerned pri- sheer bulk (more than 10,000 unin-how assist them in their economic marily with the conservation of Writ-dexed pages) undoubtedly discour-plight, replied to questions with flat- ers' Project materials not intended foraged efforts to use it more widely andtery and calculated exaggeration in an

94 INFORMATION BULLETIN 13 o

s effort to curry the interviewer's favor.bination of weaknesses Exaggeration may often have been thethat characterizes the ex- consequence of the interview itself,slave narratives restricts which gave informants an opportunity their reliable data to such to be the center of attention. mattersaschildhood It is uncertain, then, whether theunderslavery,some former slaves reported their experienceaspects of family life, under slavery accurately and truth-some details on slave fully. Two other major questions sur-genealogies and some rounding the use of the slave narrativesunintended insights into concern, first, whether the interview-the nature of memory ers were able to elicit candid responsesand of interview psy- from their informants and, second,chology. ..." Therefore, whether what the informants said washe contends, the Federal accurately recorded. Writers' Project effort to It is axiomatic that the quality of anpreserve the life histo- interview depends on the skill of theries of the former slaves individual who obtains it. The quality"was largely an oppor- of typewritten accounts contained intunity lost." the collection is grossly uneven, reflect- However, a blanket ing the varied talents of the federalindictment of the inter- writers. Most of the interviewers wereviews is as unjustified amateurs, inexperienced and unso-as their indiscriminate phisticated in the use of interview tech-or uncritical use. Each niques. Most expressed little concernkind of historical docu- about the problems of distortion inher-ment has its own partic- ent in the interview process and wereular usefulness as well insensitive to the nuances of interviewas its own inherent lim- procedure. A questionnaire devised byitations for providing Lomax suggesting possible categoriesunderstandingofthe of discussion was often partially orpast. The utility of theAttendants at Old Slave Day, Southern Pines, totally ignored, frequently resulting inex-slave interviews canN.C., April 8, 1937 rambling and trivial comments. Whenonly be determined in the questionnaire was too closely fol-the context of the objectives of thecannot be reconstructed from these lowed, the result was stylized andresearcher. For example, if one is inter- interested, selective and fragmentary superficial responses, devoid of sponta-ested in entering the perennial debateaccounts and with an acknowledg- neity. Moreover, it is problematic howover the profitability of slavery, infor- ment of the interventionist role of the accurately interviewers wrote downmation obtained from the narratives interpreter, the equally interested labor exactly what the informant had said,will be highly impressionistic and of historical revision and the impos- especially when, as in many narra-much less valuable than that from other sibility of reconstituting the past free tives, there was great attention givensources such as plantation records. Yet from the disfigurements of present con- to dialect. In addition, as George P.if one wishes to understand the nature cerns. With all these provisos issued, Ca? TV110C nf ctato Wr; tore Prni- of the "peculiar, institution" from the thec.enarratives nnnetheless remain an ect records indicate in The Americanperspective of the slave, to reconstructimportant source for understanding Slave (Supplement Series 1 and 2), somethe cultural and social milieu of the the everyday experience of slavery and of the writers and editors themselvesslave community, or to analyze theits aftermath. ..." undertook to revise, alter or censor thesocial dynamics of the slave system, accounts. then these data are not only relevant, Mr. Yetman is Chancellors Club Teaching they are essential. That is not to imply Professor of American Studies and Should the Slave Narrative that they should be used exclusively Sociology and chair of the American Collection Be Used? or without caution. Yet the hazards Studies Program at the University of Given the myriad problems ofof attempting to comprehend slavery Kansas, where he is also Courtesy Professor authenticity and reliability surround-without using them far outweigh the of African and African American Studies ing the interviews, one might despairlimitations of their use. and co-editor (with David Katzman) of of using them at all. Indeed, until the Saidiya V. Hartman in Scenes of Sub- the transdisciplinary journal American 1970s they were not widely used in a jection: Terror, Slavery and Self-Making in Studies. His publications on the Slave serious fashion by scholars. The res-Nineteenth-Century America (New York, Narrative Collection include Life Under ervations concerning their use were1997), has recently undertaken a pen-the "Peculiar Institution": Selections summarized by David Henige, who,etrating assessment of the Slave Narra-from the Slave Narrative Collection after a cursory discussion of the con-tive Collection's utility. With all their (1970), also published under the title text within which the interviews werelimitations, she asks, "How does one Voices from Slavery: 100 Authentic obtained, concludes in Oral Historiog-use these sources? At best with the Slave Narratives (revised edition, 2000), raphy (London, 1982) that "the corn-awareness that a totalizing of historyand articles in American Quarterly. APRIL 2001 21Q 95 Fundamentals of Foreign Legal Research Law Library Launches Research Sessions

BY MARIE LOUISE BERNAL can to play an active role in n an effort to promote increasedproviding as much access to Iaccess to the Library's collections and this knowledge as possible to feature the expertise of its staff, the to our traditional clients, as Law Library launched a series of ses-well as to other interested sions this spring devoted to research inconstituents." foreign law. In his remarks, Mr. Medina The series was offered in coopera- referred to similar programs in tion with the Law Librarians' Societythe past undertaken in coop- of Washington, D.C. (LLSDC). Theeration with the law library LLSCD is the local chapter of the Amer-community. Most recently, ican Association of Law Libraries andin 1999, the Law Library pre- includes representatives from all typessented the daylong work- of law libraries. The format of each ses-shop "Meet the Legal Spe- sion is similar, a one-hour lecture focus-cialists: Expert Advice on ing on a particular jurisdiction, but theResearch and Acquisitions of Willie Swinson Jr. venue changes with a different memberForeign Law in the Vernac-Law Librarian Rubens Medina with senior institution acting as host each time. ular (Advanced)" under thelegal specialists Theresa Papademetriou Launching the series, "Fundamen-sponsorship of the American(Greece, Cyprus and the European Union), tals of Foreign Legal Research, " LawAssociation of Law Libraries.Stephen Clarke (Canada, New Zealand, Librarian Rubens Medina expressed The opening session, heldCaribbean Islands, Micronesia, U.S. ter- his appreciation for initiating and spon-on March 7 in the Libraryritories) and Peter Roudik (Russia and the soring this cooperative project to Patri-of Congress National Digitalformer Soviet republics) cia Gudas Mitchell, head librarian atLibrary Learning Center, fea- Piper Marbury Rudnick & Wolfe LLP;tured Stephen E Clarke, senior legal10, will concentrate on Russian law and Kelly A.Vinopal, senior referencespecialist in the Law Library. Afterwith Peter Roudik, senior legal special- librarian at Dickstein Shapiro Morinreceiving his law degree from Osgoodeist, as a speaker. Mr. Roudik received & Oshinsky. They serve as co-chairs Hall Law School in Canada, Mr. Clarke his J.D. and Ph.D. from Moscow State of LLSDC's Foreign, Comparative andobtained an LLM in comparative lawUniversity and an LLM degree from International Law Special Interest Sec-from Georgetown University. "Whythe Central European University in tion. He also acknowledged the contri- would anyone in the United States beBudapest. The Russian program will be bution of Marci Hoffman, international interested in learning about Canadianhosted by the library of the World Bank and foreign law librarian at George-law?" The speaker provided two rea-Legal Department. The last session will town University Law Center, for mod- sons: "One is to solve or avoid legalbe held on May 16 at Georgetown Uni- erating the sessions. problems and the other is to do com-versity Law Center and feature The- "In today's global society the inter-parative research." resa Papademetriou, a senior legal spe- est in foreign, comparative and inter- The legal specialists are a cadre ofcialist and graduate of the Law School national law reflects the role of thesome 20 staff members in the Lawof the University of Athens, with an United States in the world and theLibrary with foreign law degrees andLLM in international and comparative significance given to foreign legalbar memberships who, together withlaw from George Washington Univer- systems by the legislators, as wellthe legal analysts and legal referencesity School of Law. Ms. Papademetriou as the federal judiciary" Mr. Medinaspecialists, provide Congress and thewill cover research in her two special- said. "The Law Library of Congressfederal agencies with analysis andties, Greek law and the laws and is committed to doing whatever weinformation on foreign and compara-regulations of the European Union. tive law and currentFor further information on this pro- legaldevelopmentsgram, contact Marie Louise Bernal at around the world. [email protected]. The second pro- ' gram in the series, Ms. Bernal is special assistant to the Law scheduled for April Librarian.

Members of the Law Librarians' Society of Washington, _414::;:z.C713 D.C.: Kelly Vinopal, Dickstein Shapiro Morin & Oshinsky; Marci Hoffman, Georgetown University Law Center; and Pat Gudas-Mitchell, Piper Marbury Rudnick & :1Wolfe LLP. Willie Swinson Jr.

96 INFORMATION BULLETIN 410 0

Africa and Identity twinPa lmar OpensHistorical Conference at Library

BY TRACY ARCARO mostly American born and were writ-Africa would have to rid itself of its own he American Historical Association,ing while the majority of their peoplereligions and change its social arrange- Tthe Community College Humani-were enslaved. Mr. Palmer explainedments. However, Palmer explained, ties Association and the Library orga-that looking at the construction ofAfrican American Christians thought nized the conference "Interactions:identity through the writings of thesethat the embrace of Christianity would Regional Studies, Global Processes andpeople is necessary, because "we some- lead to moral improvement. Historical Analysis," which was heldtimes tend not to focus on how people Mr. Palmer explained that not all at the Library on Feb. 28-March 3. Theshaped identities and how they framed African American intellectuals blamed conference is the second phase of animages of themselves." religion or a group of people. Some effort that began with the 1999 insti- The writings of the African Americanwriters expressed the view that Africa's tute for community college faculty, alsointellectuals, according to Mr. Palmer,rise and fall was only a part of the order held at the Library, called, "Globalizing were influenced by the culture in whichof thingscivilizations rise and fall. Regional Studies." Both phases werethe writers were socialized, by the con- The representations by the few Afri- funded by the Ford Foundation. tent of their formal education and bycan American writers of the time are As conference Co-director Jerry Bent-Christian principles they embraced.not the only images of Africa present ley said, the conference attempted toThere were differences in the opinions before 1863. Mr. Palmer said, "One "twist the lens a bit and look at clue that there were other con- the past from a different point of"Far too many writers, black structions of Africa may reside in view." Mr. Bentley explained that the names that African Americans for 150 years professional histori- and white, still view Africa gave to many of the organizations ans searched archives for informa- and Africans through a that they founded before 18b63 tion that dealt with national com- suggesting an embrace of African munities: "Imagine what it would Western and Christian lens." heritage." He cites two Christian be like if, for those 150 years, his- denominations as examples: the torians had been going into the Colin Palmer African Methodist Episcopal and archives and looking for informa- the African Methodist Episcopal tion and stories about the experiencesof the writers, but "they all struggledZion churches. that cross national boundary lines. Ourto contest white definitions of them- Mr. Palmer's address on identity not understanding of the past would beselves." This definition, he said, wasonly showed how there were varying completely different." the negative picture that African Amer- views of Africa in the early 19th century, Colin Palmer, Dodge Professor oficans were inferior to the peoples ofbut also that an examination of anoth- History at Princeton University, opened European descent. er's culture requires a focus on that cul- the conference with his keynote address Mr. Palmer said that some writersture alone: "The distressing thing is that on how people construct identity. Forfocused on showing how Africa hadfar too many writers, black and white, his examination of the topic, Mr. Palmera history of achievement prior to itsstill view Africa and Africans through a fc,sc-sc-1 cr. hcv.v thc c1"1-1r-r. 1-^rr. ;- 01001Mo Tn 1511;, William 1-Tarniltnn wrote Woctorn and Chrictian lens." America from African slaves framed anthat "Africa can boast of her antiquity, During the three-day conference, image of their homeland and how thephilosophers, artists, statesmen, gener-scholars presented papers and dis- writers before the end of slavery con-als, curiosities, stupendous buildingscussed ideas focusing on different structed images of Africa. and once widespread commerce." aspects of history. Each of the three The images of Africa found in the Some African American writers,days was devoted to a theme: "Move- writings during the time before 1863 according to Mr. Palmer, blamed the fall ment of People, Ideas and Goods," came mainly from clergymen, Mr. of Africa on white Europeans because of "Networks and Connections Beyond Palmer explained. He added that inter-the slave trade, which crushed the peace the Nation State" and "Reconfigura- preters of history "must be cautiousand happiness of African civilization. tions of 'Area' and 'State': Impli- about making absolute statements Other African American writers, hecations and Interactions." The three about the representativeness of thesaid, attributed responsibility to Afri-themes were divided into three sections clergymen's observations." cans themselves: "As Christians, sucheach, Commercial Exchanges, Cultural Although these African Americancommentators bemoaned the absence ofExchanges and Migration Diasporas; intellectuals referred to Africa as aChristian beliefs among the majority ofInternational Networks, Commercial country, Mr. Palmer said that mostthe African peoples." An acceptance ofNetworks and Cultural Networks; and writers today would not refer to the Christianity in Africa would, according Constructions of Regions, Alterna- continent of Africa as a country and to the beliefs of these intellectuals, lead to tives to the Conventionally Recognized would be sensitive to the claims of eachAfrica's redemption and regeneration. Themes and Globalization. country's cultural religions. Mr. Palmer said that the intellectuals African American writers before thewho believed this theory realized thatMs. Arcaro is on detail to The Gazette, the end of slavery were, as Mr. Palmer said,to accept Christianity would mean that Library's staff newspaper.

APRIL 2001 2 1 97 5,e-A

News from the Center for the Book Publications Update

The Center for the Book will be 25 years old Television, the Book and the Classroom American Antiquarian Society; a publi- in October 2002. This is the first in an occa- (1978) was the Center for the Book'scation honoring Librarian of Congress sional series of articles that will summarize first publication; its most recent isEmeritus DanielJ.Boorstin; and a one- its activities during its first quarter century. Library History Research in Americavolume historical "encyclopedia" of (2000), published in cooperation withthe Library of Congress, a reference C ince it was established in 1977, thethe University of Texas Press andbook that will provide brief descrip- OCenter for the Book has sponsored orone of its journals, Libraries & Cul-tions of the Library's major collections, cosponsored the publication of 52 booksture. New publications planned forfunctions and organizational units and and 49 pamphlets. Many are still avail-2001-2003 include a major bibliog-biographical information about many able, either from the Library of Con-raphy and history of the Rivers ofof its staff members. gress Sales Shop or from a commercialAmerica book series, to be published The Center for the Book's mission is publisher, but 22 are now out of print. in association with Oak Knoll Press;to stimulate public interest in books, For information about the availability an introduction and resource volumereading and libraries. Its publishing of individual items, consult the Center for the study of print culture in Amer-program is an important means of for the Book's Web site:www.loc.gov/ica, published in association withachieving this goal. cfbook.The Center for the Book's publi-theUniver- cations are supported primarily by tax-sity of Mas- deductible contributions from individu-sachusetts als, corporations and foundations. Press and the EV1EM THllI

THE DRAMA 4.9 Nal HIN

DIANE ASSE0 GRILICNES

Daniel j. iloorstin Television, the Book, and the Classroom (1978) was the Center for the Book's first publication; historian Barbara Tuchman's lecture, The Book (1980), was the first pamphlet in the center's "Viewpoint" series; Library: The Drama Within (1996) was copublished with the University of New Mexico Press; Developing Lifetime Readers (1993) and Books Change Lives (1996) describe what happened across the country during these two Center for the Book national reading promotion campaigns.

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A Report on a National Reading

Promotion Campaign

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The Center for the Book's publications include books based on scholarly conferences at the Library of Congress and reading promotion handbooks, descriptions and studies. The conference proceed- ings pictured on this page resulted from symposia ibe early illuttrateb book . cosponsored by the center, 1"tizaps in ibonor of the School of Library Ser- EMAGE S vice at tegzing aiaognioall to and the following Library 7 otiteWORI of Congress divisions and me Atlas Through History >sections: the European Divi- sion, the Rare Book and Special Collections Divi- sion, the Geography and Map Division and the Near East Section. The books were produced by three pub- lishers: Greenwood Press, the Library of Congress and the State University of New York Press. The Adventures nf Cao'n O.G. Readmore (Scholastic, 1984) describes a television character devel- LIBRARYOF CONGRESS oped by the center and ABC ebiteb bp aanbt.a Iflinbman Edited by John A. 1rolter and Ronald E. Orini Entertainment.

From Ma Caztar lot Os [1 lbay al CONows National Themes For BOOKS Promoting THAT MADE THE Reading DIFFERENCE WHAT PEOPLE TOLD US

Gordon and Patricia Sabine

with a Foreword by DANIELJ BOORSTIN

To!

APRIL 2001 99 215 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS101 INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE LIBRARY OF CONGRESSPOSTAGEWASHINGTON,FIRST FEES CLASS PAID MAIL DC PENALTY FOR PRIVATEWASHINGTON, USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL PERMIT NO. G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 Syracuse005DUS Univ address.theaddresstofor the thisBulletin, above publicationlabel address. pleaseand return. checkaddress If change To here yourrequest is0 inquiresandrequired missing return toenter thisissue(s)the onabovepage of Syracuse4-194CIJEEric Coordinator ClearinghouseCenter NY 13244-4100 for Sci on & Info/TecTec The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Th.formation Bulletin Vol. 60, No. 5 May 2001

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The Empire That WaS Russia . 4

" 221 The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information

Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 60, No. 5 May 2001 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:The monastery of St. Nil' on Stolobnyi Island in Lake Seliger, northwest of Moscow. Photo by Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii, 1910. Cover Story:Photographs of Imperial Russia on the eve of World War I by Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii are now on display at the Library. 114 America's Stories:First lady Laura Bush will serve as honorary chair of the Library's national literacy campaign. 103 30 Years of CIP:The Cataloging in Publication program has reached a major milestone. 104 A Woman of Action:Author Sara Paretsky discussed her fictional 108detective V.I. Warshawski and the writing process on April 3. 105 RLP 2001:Congress has funded the Russian Leadership Program for fiscal year 2001. 106 New Collection:Narratives of the Chesapeake Bay region are now online in American Memory. 107 'Glorifying Our Womanhood':Author Alelia Bundles discussed her biography of pioneering African American businesswoman Madam C.J. Walker. 108 FLICC Forum:Sen. Ted Stevens delivered the keynote speech of this year's event, which focussed on preserving electronic records. 110 Poetry Corner:Witter Bynner Fellows Tory Dent and Nick Flynn 114read at the Library April 5. 113 Foreign Policy Scholar:Aaron Friedberg is named the first Kissinger Scholar at the Library. 113 Conservation Corner:Restoring the Prokudin-Gorskii images. 118 Save Our Sounds:The Recording Academy has made a $40,000 grant to the American Folklife Center for audio preservation. 119 Jazz Archives:Jazz renaissance man has donated his collection of memorabilia to the Library. 120 Music History from Primary Sources:A new volume describes the Library's Hans Moldenhauer music archives. 124 News from the Center for the Book 126

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 205404610, e-mail lcib©loc.gov. GuY LAMOLINARA, Editor JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer 1 2 6 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor

F 1:1 ,)1 Laura Bush Tells America's Stories First Lady Chairs Reading Promotion Campaign

Dr. Billington has announced thatLibrary of Congress in first lady Laura Bush will serve42 states and the District as honorary chair of "Telling Amer- of Columbia. ica's Stories," the Library of Con- "The first lady's gress's national campaign to promoteinvolvement gives an reading. immense boost to the 'Tm thrilled to work with the LibraryLibrary's continuing of Congress to promote one of myeffort, which began with lifelong passionsreading," said Mrs.the creation of the Center Bush. "By tapping into the rich historyfor the Book in 1977, to of our country it is our hope that 'Tell-stimulate public interest ing America's Stories' will underscorein books, reading, liter- the importance of reading and inspireacy and libraries," said Americans of all ages to read more." Dr. Billington. "We invite "Telling America's Stories" will befamilies and individuals, the Library of Congress's reading pro-as well as organizations, motion theme for 2001-2003. Schools,to become involved." libraries, museums and historical soci- "Telling America's eties across the nation are invited toStories"issponsored White House Photo join the campaign. Projects are alreadyjointly by the CenterFirst lady Laura Bush, promoting one of her being developed by many of the affili-forthe Book inthe"lifelong passions" ates of the Center for the Book in theLibrary of Congress and the Library's Americanries" supports and encourages state Folk life Center. The cam- and local projects such as the Califor- paign takes advantage of nia Center for the Book's "Telling Cali- recent Library of Con- fornia's Stories" program; the Hartford gress initiatives such as (Conn.) Public Library's Project, "Tell- the Local Legacies Project, ing Passages: The Stories, Wisdom, and begun last year as partHistory of the City's Ethnic Minori- of the Library's Bicen- ties," and "Iowa Stories 2000," a project tennial celebration; the of Iowa first lady Christie Vilsack. new Veterans'History This is the seventh national reading Project;and America'spromotion campaign initiated by the Library, the Library of Center for the Book. For more informa- Congress's Web site fortion and specific ideas about how to children and families atparticipate in "Telling America's Sto- www.americaslibrary.gov. ries," consult the center's Web site at "Telling America's Sto-www.loc.gov/cfbook. Mrs. Bush with Chief of Staff Jo Ann Jenkins and Center for the Book Director John Cole. Mrs. Bush will serve as honorary chair of "Telling America's Stories," the Library's national reading promotion campaign.

Gershwin Scholar and Performer Examines Materials Playwright, actor and pianist Hershey Felder (far right) examined original Gershwin materi- als in the Performing Arts Reading Room recently with music specialist Ray White (left) and Richard Willis, a producer of Felder's one-man show, "George Gershwin Alone," which opened on Broadway April 30.

MAY 2001 103 2 o

Cataloging in Publication Celebrates 30th Anniversary Tune 2001 will mark the 30th anni-the past 30 years. The thank-you notesand is administered by the Cataloging versary of the Cataloging in Publi-will be shared with publishers at ain Publication Division. cation (CIP) program at the Library ofJune 15 reception, supported by Qual- In 1996, CIP expanded its cataloging Congress. ity Books, during the upcoming 2001 process to allow publishers to electron- CIP records are distributed to bookAmerican Library Association (ALA)ically transmit CIP information via the dealers, national libraries and biblio-Annual Conference at the San Fran-Internet. Through the Electronic Cata- graphic utilities worldwide to notifycisco Marriott, and with Library staffloging in Publication Program (ECIP), the library community about forth-at a reception to be held at the Librarycataloging is completed online at the coming publications and to facilitateof Congress on July 19. Other plans toLibrary and the CIP data are trans- book ordering. CIP records are biblio-celebrate the 30th anniversary includemitted electronically back to the pub- graphic data prepared by the Librarya June 18 ALA Annual Conference pro- lisher for inclusion in the printed book. of Congress for books about to be pub-gram in San Francisco titled "CIP: AThe transmission of text electronically lished. Participating publishers submitVision for the Future," sponsored byspeeds up the overall process and elim- the text of eligible publications to thethe Association of Library Collectionsinates postage costs. Library, prior to publication, to enableand Technical Services (ALCTS). Pro- Building on the success of ECIP, creation of the record. Publishers sub-gram participants will include Mr.plans are under way to enable publish- sequently print the CIP record on theCelli; Craig Van Dyck, John Wiley &ers to post additional pre-publication verso of the title page at the time ofSons; and Pat Thomas, veteran librar-information on the Library of Congress publication as a service to libraries andian and Margaret Mann Citation recip-Web site while simultaneously request- book dealers. ient, who will discuss the CIP pro-ing CIP data. Under the proposed New "Thanks to the cooperation of partic-gram's milestones and future plans. For Books project, publishers may post an ipating publishers, catalogers and thefurther information about these events,image of the book jacket, book jacket CIP staff of the Library, more than 1visit the American Library Associationblurb, table of contents and other rel- million CIP records have been createdWeb site at www. ala.org. evant information. When posted on the and made available to the library com- The CIP program began in 1971 as a Library's Web site, it may also include munity, saving libraries millions of dol-special project, funded in part by grantsa link to the catalog record, if one has lars annually in cataloging resources,"from the Council on Library Resourcesbeen created for the title, as well as a said John Celli, chief of the CatalogingInc. and the National Endowmentlink to enable readers to request a in Publication Division. for the Humanities. Since then thecopy of the book at their local library. A bulletin board has been set upCIP program has evolved from cre-A prototype of this dramatically new (http://www.bulletinboards.com/ating 6,500 pre-publication catalogingsystem will be demonstrated at the cips3Oth) to enable libraries to postrecords during its first year to creatingALA ALCTS program on June 18. thank-you notes to participating pub-more than 57,000 catalog records annu- For more information about the Cat- lishers and Library of Congress staff forally. It is now fully supported byaloging in Publication Program, visit its making the CIP program possible forLibrary of Congress appropriationsWeb site at http://cip.loc.gov/cip. Madison's 250th Marked at Dinner, Symposium

Jack Hartzman, MH Concepts Paul Hogroian ctors representing Thomas Jefferson, James Madison The evening event capped a daylong celebration of the life of Aand George Washington offer a toast on the occasion ofJames Madison that featured the symposium "James Madison: Madison's 250th birthday on March 16, at an event hosted byPhilosopher and Practitioner of Liberal Democracy" and the the Library and the Montpelier Foundation. Dr. Billington,first meeting of the James Madison Commemoration Commis- Chief Justice William Rehnquist and Hunter Rawlings, pres-sion, at the Library. Madison scholar Henry Jaffa (above right) ident of Cornell University, offered remarks. of Claremont McKenna College spoke at the symposium.

104 INFORMATION BULLETIN Moving to the Page Author Sara Paretsky Delivers Judith Austin Lecture

By KATHY WOODRELL community service work on Chicago's ne might expect the creator of south side. During the same summer, Qthe revered V.I. Warshawski pri- Martin Luther King Jr was organizing vate investigator series to give a talk near the neighborhoods where she was on violence or crime, but author Sara assigned, and the confluence of events Paretsky kept 185 people riveted to inspired her. their seats as she declared her hopes "That summer," she explained, " I telt and fears, discussed the sanctity of a sort of desperate need to start writ- words and literature and imparted the ing down the lives of people without process by which she found a voice that voices. Instead of princesses who lived was initially denied her. Ms. Paretsky's happily ever after, I began writing about lecture, "Moving to the Page," was ordinary people whose lives, like mine, loosely based on an essay written for were filled with the anomie that comes series "Writers on from having no voice, no power." Writing." After her lecture and book As a result, Ms. Paretsky's powerful signing, Ms. Paretsky held a live online words on behalf of the disenfranchised chat in the National Digital Library resound from the pages of her novels. Learning Center. Sara Pa retsky Following the lecture, Ms. Paretsky Sponsored by the Humanities and participated in an online chat. Approx- Social Sciences Division, the April 3insurance company in Chicago, where imately 40 people from around the event was the third lecture delivered inboth the author and her working-classcountry signed on to ask the author memory of Judith Austin. Austin washeroine reside. Other titles followedquestions or to observe the conversa- head of the Main Reading Room at thesteadily until 1994. After a five-year tion as it happened. Questions ranged time of her death in 1997 and formerhiatus, during which she wrote Ghostfrom the legitimacy of mysteries as a head of the Local History and Geneal-Country, a novel of "the sacred and theliterary genre to why the author cheers ogy Reading Room. Sara Paretsky wasdispossessed," the character of War-for the Chicago Cubs instead of the introduced by Austin's daughter, Jen-shawski returned in 1999 in Hard Time. White Sox. nifer Luna, who caught "the mystery Sara Paretsky created V.I. Warshawski One participant asked "Do you have bug" from her mother. Chief of theto respond to the dearth of worthyto do much research for your novels? Humanities and Social Sciences Divi-female characters in mysteriesmostVI. seems to use computer databases sion Stephen James declared Ms. of whom had insignificant or unflatter-such as Lexis-Nexis lately. Do you Paretsky's presentation "a fitting tributeing roles. "My own heroine, V.I., is amostly do research via the computer or to our friend and former colleague." woman of action," said Ms. Paretsky. do you use any of those great Chicago Sara Paretsky's spirited and articu-But her primary role is to speak. Shelibraries?" late lecture ranged from such topics as says those things that I am not strong Ms. Paretsky responded: "I do a her literary heroines, such as Jane Eyre, enough to say for myself. That is whygreat deal of research for my books. I who "battled a gainst the limited oddsshe can grow olderunlike most fic-have a compulsive need to get things of female experience," to the absurditytional detectivesbecause her successright, even though, of course, I make of Nancy Drew's influence on V.I. War- depends not so much on what she does,mistakes. For my newest book, to be shawski. Ms. Paretsky also declared but on her willingness to put into words published this fall, I used the archives truths that many do not have the cour- things that people with power wouldat the Imperial War Museum in London age to addressabout a meanness ofrather remain unspoken." for memoirs of Kinder transport chil- spirit that pervades society, about the Ms. Paretsky's parents funded her dren. I went online to learn about Swiss travesty of denying girls a destinyfour brothers' college tuition, butand German insurance companies and expected of boys and about the impactrefused to pay hers because "girls weretheir refusal to pay Holocaust claims. I of an affluent society that covertlynot worth educating." She financed hermet with English doctors who trained sanctions "crime, homelessness, par-own studies, and holds a Ph.D. and anin London in the 1940s and '50s to get ents selling their children for a nickelMBA from the University of Chicago. their firsthand perspective, and I read a bag and a host of other ills." During her lecture, she declared thatnumber of books, including The Swiss, In addition to a volume of short"the result of such an upbringing wasthe Gold and the Dead. You now can stories, Ms. Paretsky has written nineto leave me essentially voiceless. As a guess the theme of the novel. This is novels featuring Private Investigatorteenager and a young woman I barely typical of my mix of research." V.I. Warshawski as the savvy, tough andspoke above a whisper, so fearful was I Sara Paretsky's new book, Total determined central character. The firstthat my opinions were either wrong, or Recall, will be released Sept. 10. of the series, , was pub-too trivial for anyone to attend to." lished in 1982, while Ms. Paretsky was When Ms. Paretsky left her parents' Ms. Woodrell is a reference librarian in the working as a marketing manager for anhome at the age of 17, it was to do Main Reading Room.

MAY 2001 105 * Russian Leadership Program 2001 Congress Approves Nearly $10 Million to Fund New Center to Manage Exchange Program he Librarian of Congress '..tiO7N701471:41 participating in the program." Thas announced that Con- The first step in establishing gress has provided $9.978 mil- the center is the appointment of lion in fiscal year 2001 funding _ a Board of Trustees. The center's for the Russian Leadership Pro- board will include nine mem- gram (RLP) and has authorized [31M11 bers, two appointed by the the creation of a Center for Rus- U.S.SenateSen.BillFrist sian Leadership in the legisla- (R-Tenn.) and Sen. Carl Levin tive branch to implement the ROGEkii (D-Mich.)two by theU.S. unique exchange program. MORRENNEMINORRULMIL& House of Representatives and The RLP is a nonpartisan ini- four by the Librarian of Con- tiative of the U.S. Congress designed "The RLP's managers, hosts and par- gress, who will also serve on the to foster a mutual exchange of ideasticipants are honored that Congress hasboard. The center is expected to be and opinions among political leaderschosen to continue to support the RLP"established by early summer. and citizens of Russia and the United said Dr. Billington. "The creation of the Dr. Billington held discussions in States. Since 1999, 3,650 Russian lead-center is the culmination of our effortsMoscow in December with Speaker ers, including 147 members of the Rus- to establish lasting, mutually beneficialGennady Seleznyev and other leaders sian Parliament, have been hosted inrelations between members of Congressof the Russian Duma on exchange pri- the United States for seven- to 10-dayand other American political and civicorities for the coming year. "There visits under the auspices of the RLP.leaders and their counterparts amongseems to be general agreement on plac- Congress asked the Library to admin-Russia's emerging leadership." ing emphasis on the rule of law and on ister the RLP for each of its two years According to Geraldine M. Otremba,providing exchange opportunities not as a pilot program. RLP chief executive officer, "The autho-only for legislators, but also for judges, Public Law 106-554 established therization for a permanent center is notprosecutors and others responsible for Center for Russian Leadership withinonly a significant validation of the suc-law enforcement and administration," the legislative branch to continue thecess of our two pilot years, but also ansaid Dr. Billington. mission the RLP has conducted onopportunity to continue to improve the "We hosted 103 judges during the a pilot basis for two years: enablingquality of the programs we provide for2000 RLP and learned a great deal emerging political leaders of Russia atthe Russian participants." about how to design a program that all levels of government to gain signi The center will be independent of theis responsive to encouraging judicial cant, direct exposure to the AmericanLibrary of Congress, but the Library isreform under way in Russia," added free-market system and the operationauthorized to provide space and sup-Ms. Otremba. "We have now secured of American democratic institutions port services to the center on a reimburs-the partnership of senior federal judges through visits to governmental institu-able basis. The $9.978 million appro-as hosts for the 2001 program. This new tions and communities at comparablepriated by Congress in fiscal year 2001partnership will significantly enhance levels in the United States. will finance this year's RLP exchangesthe quality of the program in the United The chief sponsor of the Center leg- under the current "Open World 2000"States and strengthen long-term pro- islation is Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska).exchange model administered by thefessional ties between Russian and U.S. Sen. Stevens also sponsored the legisla-Library. The appropriation will alsomembers of the judiciary." tion that originated the RLP pilot pro- fund the transition to the new center. The first parliamentary delegations gram in 1999. In addition to the public funding are planned for June-July 2001. Topics "Dozens of my colleagues in theprovided by Congress, the center willinclude the World Trade Organiza- Senate and the House have hosted theirsolicit contributions from the privatetion, intellectual property and anti- Russian counterparts under the aus-sector to ensure the long-term continu-corruption. pices of the RLP and have seen first-ation of the RLP "Creation of the center The RLP was proposed by Dr. hand the unique opportunity that theallows the Russian Leadership Pro-Billington, a leading historian of Rus- RLP provides to improve relationsgram to draw more effectively uponsian culture, who suggested that Russia with a new generation of Russian polit- the resources of the private sector,"could benefit from a program similar ical leaders," said Sen. Stevens. "I amsaid former Rep. James W. Symington, to the post-World War II Marshall Plan, proud to have sponsored all the autho- chairman of the RLP's Advisory Com- which brought groups of emerging rizing legislation for the program andmittee. "Private sector leaders will playyoung German leaders to the United look forward to helping the Libraryan important role not only in contribut- States. "The participants in that pro- shape the transition to the new Centering funds, but also in providing guid-gram are a Who's Who of those who for Russian Leadership." ance to the center's management and crafted Germany's democratic govern-

106 INFORMATION BULLETIN .0

ment after World War II," he said. the Russia Initiative of the United Meth- In 2000, the Russian Leadership Pro- The U.S. Congress appropriated $10odist Church, the Friendship Force,gram also sponsored 10 RLP alumni million to the RLP in both fiscal yearPeace Links, Meridian Internationalconferences in cities across Russia to 1999 (PL 106-31) and fiscal year 2000 Center and the International Institutehear directly from participants about (PL 106-113) and established the pilot of the U.S. Department of Agricultureways to strengthen the program and nmarArn in f1iT ihraru nf Cnnorracc (7.1,ria to g4lrw-11. to put RLP 11,a:tic:pants throughout The American Councils for Interna- "Open World 2000" brought 92 StateRussia in better touch with each other. tional Education: ACTR/ACCELS hasDuma deputiesmore than 20 per-In a survey conducted among the managed the logistical aspects of thecent of the Russian State Dumaand1999 participants attending the con- program on behalf of the Library. 14 Federation Council members to theferences, almost half of the respon- The RLP "Open World" programUnited States. The parliamentary del-dents reported that the scope of was created in 1999 with the esteemedegations were grouped by area oftheir professional responsibilities had Russian academiciari Drnitry Tidlen-iriterest, includircg deferLse, nationalincreased as a result of the exchange, achey as co-chairman. In its first two security, rule of law, federalism, envi-and 26 percent reported that their years, the RLP brought a wide rangeronment and energy. A member of Con- employment status had risen since of new Russian leaders to the Unitedgress or a governor hosted each parlia-their RLP participation. States. The program selected partici-mentary delegation, whose members The RLP owes much of its success to pants from 88 of 89 Russian regions and traveled to Washington for high-leveldate to the support of the U.S ambas- from all levels of leadership: national, meetings and to their congressionalsador to the Russian Federation, James regional and local. The Russian leaders or gubernatorial host's home state orF. Collins, and to the work of his were hosted in 48 states and the Districtdistrict for site visits, briefings anddedicated embassy staff. "The Rus- of Columbia by nonprofit and govern-roundtables. Twenty-one U.S. repre-sian Leadership Program represents mental organizations with expertise insentatives, four U.S. senators and fivea remarkable achievement of public operating exchange programs, includ-governors served as RLP hosts. "Thediplomacy," said Ambassador Collins. ing the American Foreign Policy Coun- RLP provides an opportunity for those"The new Center on Russian Lead- cil,the Center for Democracy, thewho participate in our democratic pro-ership promises to continue the pro- International Republican Institute, thecess to offer insight on a one-on-onegram's success in bringing the peoples National Democratic Institute for Inter-basis with our Russian counterparts," of the United States and the Russian national Affairs, Rotary International, said Sen. Stevens. Federation closer together." New in American Memory Chesapeake Bay Narratives, Lawmaking

he Library has just made from the 13th Congress to the Tavailable a collection of 42nd Congress. narratives onitspopular American Memory isa American Memory Web site. project of the National Dig- The materials are available at ital Library Program of the www.ioc.gov and add to the Library of Congress. Its more more than 100 diverse collec- than 100 collectionswhich tions already online. range from papers of the U.S. "The Capital and the Bay: presidents, Civil War pho- Narrativesof Washington tographs and early films of and the Chesapeake Bay Thomas Edison to papers Region, ca. 1600-1925" com- documenting the women's prises 139 books selected suffrageandcivilrights from the Library of Con- movements, Jazz Age photo- gress's General Collections and twofirst quarter of the 20th century. graphs and the first baseball cards books from its Rare Book and Special A special presentation, "Pictures ofinclude more than 5 million items Collections Division. "The Capital andPeople and Places," consists of selected from the collections of the Library and the Bay" includes first-person narra-illustrations from books included inthose of other major repositories. tives, early histories, historical biog-"The Capital and the Bay." The latest Web site from the Library raphies, promotional brochures and Another American Memory collec- is aimed at kids and families. The books of photographs that capturetion has been augmented. "A Centurycolorful and interactive "America's in words and pictures a distinctiveof Lawmaking, 1774-1873" has justLibrary" (www.americaslibrary.gov) region as it developed between thebeen expanded with more than 130,000 invites users to "Log On ... Play onset of European settlement and thepages of proposed bills and resolutions Around ... Learn Something."

MAY 2001 107 4)27 From Rags to Riches Author Reviews Life of Madam C.J. Walker

BY ARDIE MYERS family used daily Walker's f it is possible to go from rags tohand-painted Limoges china Iriches, then that is precisely whatand silverware bearing her Ale lia Bundles's great-great-grand-monogram and her mother mother, Madam C. J. Walker, did. painstakingly polished a ster- After nearly 30 years of research, much ling silver punch bowl that of it at the Library, award-winning jour-held holiday eggnog made nalist, television producer and authorwith Walker's secret recipe, Alelia Bundles has written a new biog-Ms. Bundles became aware raphy of Madam Walker, which putsof her famous forebear at Walker in the context of her times. an early age. Later, Ms. Bun- Ms. Bundles is a graduate of Har-dles became so intrigued by vard-Radcliffe College and the Colum- the material accoutrements bia University Graduate School of Jour- around her that she began to nalism, a field producer for NBC Newsseek more information about and former deputy bureau chief atWalker. Yet it was not until ABC News. Phyl Garland, the only black Madame Walker made a remarkableprofessor on the Columbia ascent in status, from life as a worker in University journalism school the cotton fields of rural Mississippi tofaculty, insisted that she do life as a successful cosmetics manufac- her master's paper on Madam turer, entrepreneur, philanthropist andWalkerthatMs.Bundles social activist. In her new book, On Herbegan to learn about her Own Ground, Ms. Bundles tells how.grandmother in a more formal On March 20, she provided an exten-and organized manner. sive account of Madam Walker's life As Ms. Bundles acknowl- in her lecture and slide presentationedged at the beginning of her to a standing room-only audience inpresentation, her research led Madam C.J. Walker the Madison Building's West Diningto the Library, where she was Room. The lecture, was sponsored byassisted by staff in several divisions. In phies of other black figures, such as the Library's Humanities and Socialthe Manuscript Division, she consultedW.E.B. Du Bois and Langston Hughes, Sciences Division. the papers of Booker T. Washingtonand in histories such as David Levering Introducing Ms. Bundles, Humani-and the National Association for the Lewis's When Harlem Was in Vogue. ties and Social Sciences reference librar- Advancement of Colored People. She Madam Walker's name at birth was ian Rodney Katz noted that the authorused and Afro-Ameri- Sarah Breedlove, and her family lived had visited 17 cities and participatedcan newspapers in the Newspaper andin Delta, La., not far from Vicksburg, in 40 book-signing events. At this pro-Current Periodical Reading Room. She Miss. Walker was born on Dec. 23, gram, books were made available forfound materials on business and dis- 1867, shortly after the Civil War. In fact, autographing. The lecture also waseases in the Science, Technology andWalker was born on the same planta- held in recognition of Women's His-Business Division. Using city directo-tion where her parents had once lived as tory Month. ries in the Microform Reading Room,slaves and where Ulysses S. Grant pre- Living in a household in which theshe located pertinent biographicalsided over the siege of Vicksburg. information. And she Walker was orphaned at 7, married spent a considerableat 14 and became a mother at 17, when amount of time in theher only child, Lelia, was born. She GeneralCollections,was widowed at 20 and married twice consultingreferenceagain, the last time to Charles Joseph books and articles ofWalker, whose name she adopted in general interest. 1906, adding the title Madam, which, Having a well-Ms. Bundles explained, was the custom known relative meantof women in business. that references to her Madam Walker's rise to fortune was were found in biogra-prompted by her hair falling out in

A'Lelia Bundles autographs a book for Library employee Wanda Cartwright. l_arica Perry

108 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

Madam(' .i4bIltr

No greater force is 14dng the womanhood of Om. Rate thm maim . Ci.Walk&Wonderful Hair and Sldn Preparations. OM eighiem wield re. nested amides, rnatl Mil sold by nimbus dour own RaM, are daily relieving stubbormscalp &oases, stimulating dah growth, iocreesiugehe length, softening and thickening sbottorubborn, thin, aissightly,laairt &mug complowons,sinoods: sabred/ and preserving din. We tell yob; Maamc j. WaIkz through her prepare:ma, if for no other reaiSo, remains yet, the greaust bermfactressof our me. eX Women throtOmmonehisiind in mourning foreign countries bum . merits of NM CI Welber% Peva:Idols and ate loud in theii praise of than. Yob top may learn hoir they cm and r--;;; enchant. your bestay,Make you admired by men the envy of women. Vois dye maccirliStionl C.3. Wegaznem wthy. ;ma. Sho has a mionngeof hope, cheer, of the way she is glorifying our wotemihood oodl,ow youloo may have long, luxurious hair and a An advertisement for Madam Walker's products in an beitutpkissed couiplesioirVisit her,"There's one near rim" . issue of The Messenger, 1926; Villa Lewaro, Madam 70);..BY Walker's home in lrvington-on-Fludson, N.Y. The home WALKER AGENTS tRu6=RES. was designed in 1918 by Vertner Woodson Tandy, New York's first licensed black architect. Asked why she built such a palatial home, Madam Walker replied that she had not built it for herself, but so that blacks could see what could be accomplished with hard work and determination. the 1890s, leaving bald spots. Walkerfirst husband, Moses McWilliams, wasI have obtained is the result of many decided she would pray to God tolynched in 1888 (she found no doc-sleepless nights and real hard work. give her a solution. "He answered myumentation for that statement); thatThat is why I say to every Negro prayer," Walker vouched. "For oneWalker invented the straighteningwoman present: Don't sit down and night I had a dream, and in that dream comb (she did not); and that Walker was wait for opportunities to come. ... Get a big black man appeared to me and a millionaire (Bundles estimates Walk-up and make them!" told me what to mix for my hair." er's actual wealth between $600,000 Interested in more than making Eventually, Walker concocted a potion and $700,000). money, Madam Walker gave $1,000 containing sulfur, which seemed to cure Ms. Bundles reported two incidentstoward the construction of a YMCA her baldness and some black women'sthat reveal Walker's character. In 1912,for blacks in ; participated scalp diseases that Bundles suspectedat a National Negro Business Leaguein antilynching and women's suffrage resulted from their belief in an oldConference, after Booker T. Washing-campaigns; sought and received an wive's tale that discouraged frequentton, who was presiding over the confer- audience with President Woodrow shampoos, especially in the winter. The ence, refused to recognize her, WalkerWilson; founded Lelia College to train Mree main products Walker manufac-stood up and announced: "Surely youstylists in Walker Beauty Shops across tured were Vegetable Shampoo, Won- are not going to shut the door in mythe nation and abroad; and gave to non- derful Hair Grower and Glossine. face. I feel that I am in a business thatprofit and charitable organizations. Walker was very interested in self-is a credit to the womanhood of our Ms. Bundles presented Walker as a improvement. She was not afraid to hire race. I am a woman who came from thelover of life, an aggressive and asser- people with more education than shecotton fields of the South. I was pro-tive woman who established a business had. She hired a tutor to teach her Eng- moted from there to the washtub. Then that employed thousands of women. lish, proper grammar and other subjects I was promoted to the cook kitchen,She gave women with little education she felt would increase her ability toand from there I promoted myself."work that they could do. As Ms. Bun- operate more effectively in her business. It was also in this speech that Walkerdles noted, in the early part of the She learned to love luxurious livingstated: "I have built my factory on mylast century, black stylists in beauty cars, opera and the arts, her mansionown ground." The next year, Walkershops made more money than teachers in Irvington-on-Hudson, N.Y., that herwas invited as the main speaker. and nurses. Walker amassed a fortune friend, tenor Enrico Caruso, named At a convention of hair culturaliststhrough hard work. She was a woman "Villa Lewaro" for Walker's daughter,and agents in 1917, Walker stated: "Ifwith a vision, who saw an opportunity Lelia Walker Robinson, who supported I have accomplished anything in life, and seized it. her mother's enterprise. it is because I have been willing to Ms. Bundles said her research helped work hard. ... There is no royal, flower- Ms. Myers is a reference specialist in refute some of the myths that sur-strewn road to success, and if there is, African American studies in the Library's rounded Walker, for example, that herI have not found it, for what success Humanities and Social Sciences Division.

MAY 2001 109 FLICC Forum Sen. Ted Stevens Delivers Keynote Address

By ROBIN HATZIYANNISAND accessible a permanent record of GAIL FINEBERG American governance and cre- en. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), ativity in both print and digital Sin his keynote address to fed- formats. Considering the immea- eral librarians during the 2001 surable size of the information FLICC Forum on March 27, on the World Wide Web, he said, underscored the urgency of "It's evident that the Library preserving electronic federal must define the scope of its records before they are lost to collecting responsibilities while future generations. developing partnerships that are "You have an enormous necessary to continue fulfilling responsibility, and I urge you to its historic mission." work with Dr. Billington to find He explained that the $99.8 ways to assure that we are not million appropriation ($100 mil- going to lose part of our history lion before an across-the-board and that we will, in fact, con- Gail Fineberg agency budget cut), provided vince people of a way to ensureSen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) and Susan Tarr,to the Library by Congress in that the important informationexecutive director of FL1CC December 2000 for the national that is transmitted and stored in cooperative effort to archive and the digital world will be equally avail- dations of the National Academy of Sci-preserve digital information, will be able in the future to the people whoence's LC 21 report, to lead a nationalmade available in three phases: roughly continue to read the printed word,"effort to archive and preserve digital$5 million now in phase 1 to "develop Sen. Stevens said. information (see Information Bulletin,a national program plan to protect Sen. Stevens, chairman of the SenateAugust-September 2000). important cultural materials existing Appropriations Committee and chair- "We have created and are in theonly in digital form and at the risk of man of the Joint Committee on theprocess of developing a collaborativebeing lost forever"; some $20 million Library for the 106th Congress, led astrategy that will permit the long-termin phase 2 to begin the program, once successful congressional effort last fall to acquisition, storage and preservationCongress has approved the plan; and appropriate $99.8 million to the Libraryof digital materials; assure access to thesome $75 million to be made available for the National Digital Informationgrowing electronic historical culturalfor joint projects to further the national Infrastructure and Preservation Pro-record of our nation; and include ourplan and to be matched by nonfederal gram, which involves a cooperativefederal partners," he said. donations, including in-kind contribu- effort of the Library with other federal The Librarian introduced Sen. Ste- tions, by March 31, 2003. agendes and the private sector to archivevens as "one of the greatest friends of "This is a huge undertaking, to build and preserve digital information. libraries... someone who has a distinc- a national repository of digital material, Susan M. Tan, executive directortive role in our national life and a spe-one which obviously cannot be done of the Federal Library and Informa-cial role in the whole question of infor-by the federal government alone," Sen. tion Center Committee (FLICC), wel- mation in the digital age." Stevens said. "The Library must con- comed committee members, speakers, Commending the Librarian for "hissult with federal partners and seek par- and guests to the daylong forum thatvision in confronting the challengesticipation from the nonfederal sector to addressed the topic, "Preserving Ourfaced by our library during this evolv-assess joint planning considerations for Federal Heritage in the Digital Era." ing digital era," Sen. Stevens noted thatour shared responsibilities." Six years ago, Ms. Tarr noted, a FLICC the National Digital Library Program, During the remainder of the morn- Forum addressed the life cycle of gov-established at the Library ing session, speakers from ernment information. "Although thein 1994, has expanded its the Library, the National distribution phase of the life cycle nowonline offerings of digitized 0, Archives and Records permeates our society as well as ourhistorical materials. It now Administration (NARA) bureaucracies, there has not been nearly offers more than 7 million and the Government Print- enough attention paid to the preserva-items in more than 100 ing Office (GPO) discussed tion phase," she said, setting the tone for American Memory collec- "The Roles of Central Fed- the speakers who followed. tionsaccessibleviathe eral Agencies in Creating Dr. Billington, who is the FLICCLibrary's Web siteat 44; the Government's Digital chairman, also greeted forum partici-wwwdoc.gov. Archive." pants and then reviewed the steps the Sen. Stevens said the chal- Lewis Bellardo, deputy Library has taken, in accordance with lenge to the Library now is to Robin Smith archivist of the United States, legislative directives and recommen-acquire, preserve and make Lewis Bellardo explained that NARA has

110 INFORMATION BULLETIN , . -. , . ... s statutory responsibility for preservingprocedures and operations. philanthropic than others." He federal records in electronic as wellThe external approach will reminded the audience that as other formats. Taking legal custodyinvolve a set of national the nation's economy plays a of records transferred from originat-partnerships, including for- major role in decision making: ing government agencies, NARA mustmation of a national advi- "With an economic downturn, cp.s11r,,, ithPnticityIAA r-linhility enr,rhnchr "ordir1;4nn e prefer to cc,t a '10t. Of thingS of these records over time. For example,the scope and goals of this before we let people go with- he said, the Federal Aviation Admin-multiyear national strategy out a paycheck." istration has to access aircraft safetyfor long-term digital pres- He indicated there are ways records for the life of every aircraftervation." to open discussions about model;EnvironmentalProtection GPO's Francis Buckley, Robin Smith archiving certain types of Agency records of toxic waste sitessuperintendent of docu- Francis data and discussing whether must be preserved for agency andments, explained that his Buckley Lexis-Nexis would serve as citizens' use; and the Federal Drugagency operates under a an archive or whether the Administration needs to retain reportslegislative mandate to catalog andcompany might make its data avail- of adverse drug reactions. index government publications andable to other organizations. "If we To ensure such records in digital for- make them freely available in varioushave made a substantial investment in mats will be preserved, NARA is work- formats to federal depository librariesour value-added documents or origi- ing with the National Partnership forand the public. He said Congressnal articles, we will have a strong desire Advanced Computational Infrastruc-last year directed that GPO's Federalto archive these," said Mr. Emmert. ture, the San Diego Super ComputerDepository Library Program dissemi-Once information is beyond its useful Center and other research partnersnate government information productslife, he said, Lexis-Nexis may be happy to develop the Electronic Records primarily in electronic format to depos-to give it away. Archives (ERA). "We plan to complete itory libraries. He said this major shift Mr. Emmert urged federal librari- the research, development, prototypeto electronic formats entails, on GPO'sans to consider what might motivate and pilot for the Electronic Recordsend, problems of document identifi-a vendor to freely grant requests for Archives by 2004," Mr. Bellardo said. cation, authentication, bibliographicdata. "Archival projects are the result Laura Campbell, the description, indexing, accessibil-of philanthropy and a concern for soci- Library's associateli- ity and permanent public access.ety. ... If we choose to participate, it brarian for strategic ini- On the consumer end, deposi-will translate into profit for us because tiatives, pointed out that tory libraries are having to dealwe will look good and you will feel the Library, unlike GPO with issues of infrastructure ingood about us," said and NARA, "focuses on order to receive and disseminateMr. Emmert. a universal collection electronic documents, staff train- Gail Hodge, senior from the broader cre- ing, and users' acceptance andinformation special- ator community." their ability to use computers. istfor Information Emphasizing that the Panel speakers during the after-International Associ- Library will continue to noon sessions of the forum exam-ates Inc., reviewed a build a balanced collec- Robin Smith ined digital archiving projects andbroad range of efforts tion that includes oldLaura Campbell practices in a variety of settings. in other nations. She and new print, as well Representing the private sector,calledonfederal as digital, materials, Ms. CampbellSteven Emmert, director for govern-librarians to rethink Robin Smith reviewed the Library's digital initia-ment and industry affairs at Lexis-old models that are Gail Hodge tives since 1994. She noted that theNexis, discussed preservation ot tederal based on national archiving because institution has created public-accessinformation that businesses acquire,"the Internet is truly international." Web sites for legislative and copyrightannotate or manipulate and sell. Ms. Hodge looked at long-term pres- information and the massive card cata- He began by stressing the impor-ervation and access efforts in the United log, as well as special sites that draw ontant dynamics of resource allocationKingdom, Canada and Australia. the Library's unique historical holdingsand profit incentive inherent in a com- According to Ms. Hodge, "There are and target broad audiences, includingmercial service. "At the moment, if atwo main approaches to archiving in the classroom and school libraries. paying customer wants data, he willterms of moving content forward over Planning for digital preservationget it. But if demand the years. One is migration so that since 1998, the Library is "now in thefor the data drops off, content moves from one computer process of establishing an office ofwe cannot maintain to another over time. Emulation, strategic initiatives, which is entirelyit, because we will be however, develops systems that focused on integrating our policy andunderpressureto are smart enough to re-create the practices for a digital library across ourinvest that money in current environment." many missions," she said. other data," he said. The final afternoon session fea- Explaining internal and external Mr. Emmert also said tured a panel discussion of digi- strategies for building the nationalthat a vendor's organi- tal archiving policies of three fed- repository of digital materials, Ms.zational culture is often eral agencies. Pamela Q.J. André, Campbell said the Library is devel-dictated by personal- Robin Smith director of the National Agricul- oping internal standards, policies,ity, with "some more Steven Emmert tural Library (NAL), reviewed the

MAY 2001 2 111 o eras, video cameras, sensors, tele- scopes and adaptive optics. With new trends in digital detectors, instrument technology is changing from linear to multidimensional digital systems. This, combined with a spacecraft population explosion caused by the launch of a major system every five weeks and the number of permanent t- * observatories in the sky, means that (1, '". - , the amount of dataisgrowing exponentially. Even so, Mr. Halem , asserted, "We believe that all this r--1 information must be saved for the ,- I Robin Smith next century." Milton Halem of NASA (left), Margaret Byrnes of the National Nibrary He called on each agency to create of Medicine, FLICC's Susan Tarr and Pamela Q.J. André from thedata growth models and document National Agriculture Library during an afternoon panel on federalhow long the information has been digital archiving policies and programs residing on certain media. Besides a long-term strategic plan to maintain history of NAL's digital preservationwell as other formats," said Ms. Byrnes. U.S. leadership in mass storage tech- efforts that began with a 1997 confer- The NLM Board of Regents recentlynologies, he also called for agency test- ence on the Agriculture Department'sincluded the goal of permanent accessbeds so that the industry can have end- initiative to create a preservation plan.in its long-range plan and formed ato-end testing capabilities. Locally, at This plenary conference resulted inworking group to develop recommen-NASA, he sees the need for compre- the creation of a framework for preserva-dations for identifying levels of per-hensive data preservation policies and tion and access for digital publicationsmanence for all types of resources, fora plan for data migration and perma- and the convening of a national steer-deciding upon methods of recordingnent retention. ing committee, representing a broadand communicating these levels and for "There are new technologies for data array of stakeholders involved in digitalimplementing any new procedures. storage, but there has to be a buyer or a issues, to oversee implementation of the After meeting for more than a year,customer for these technologies," said goals of the initial framework. the working group developed a ratingMr. Halem. He briefly discussed both The committee began by defining asystem to address a user's need toholograms and biomolecular material, digital publication: "data or [an] infor-know whether a resource he or shesuch as DNA, as media for storage. mation product ... intended to be dis-created, used or cited will be available "Perhaps biosystems will maintain our seminated to the public." The commit-and remain the same the next time thedata," he said. tee further defined several key issues forresource is needed. As a wrap-up for the digital preservation: managing technol- Now that the NLM work- forum, Mark Roosa, the ogy over time, creating metadata, ensur-ing group has completed its Library's director for pres- ing user access, gaining organizationalrating system, it is working ervation, provided a sum- buy-in to the project, keeping opera-with staff throughout the mary of the presentations. tional considerations in mind and lim-organization to ensure that He called on federal agen- iting costs. So far, planning groupsthe system is implemented cies to face the key chal- have completed an inventory and life- consistentlylibrary-wide lenges of preserving dig- cycle management survey instrument and that it continues to oper- ital resources. Mr. Roosa to identify digital publications, heldate over time. reminded the audience that a metadata conference and developed The next steps at NLM it is their shared mandate to draft guidelines for USDA agencies pro-include setting recommen- Robin Smith preserve and provide sus- ducing digital publications. dations for systems work to MarkRoosa tained access to the infor- "We are still working on organiza-put the ratings in place. Ms. mation that is the common tional buy-in and creating technicalByrnes said NLM "needs to develop alink that ties all federal repositories requirements," said Ms. André. prototype system, and we need library-together. "While this commonality Margaret Byrnes, head of the Preser- wide guidelines for managing all of thedraws our organizations together, vation and Collection Management Sec-NLM servers." itis imperative as the digital era tion at the National Library of Medicine Milton Halem, Goddard assistantunfolds that we continue to build (NLM), reported on an ambitious effortdirector for information sciences forbridges among our organizations, to develop a system for rating the per-the National Aeronautics and Spacewhich enable us to share expertise, manence of electronic publications andAdministration, rounded out the panelknowledge and best practices. And communicating those ratings to users.with an overview of the challengesthat we cross these bridges together "We have a formal mandate to collectfacing NASA and the enormousand frequently," said Mr. Roosa. and preserve the record of biomedicine,amount of data the agency collects. He discussed four steps that federal and we believe that mandate includes Beyond traditional agency sources,agencies can take to ensure the preser- born-digital biomedical materials asNASA's data are collected from cam- continued on page 119

112 INFORMATION BULLETIN .J r2, et.32 Witter Bynner Fellows Poets Dent and Flynn Read at the Library

oet Laureate Consultant in Poetrydation for the Arts and the MoneyNew Mexico to provide grant support pStanley Kunitz recently granted for Women/Barbara Deming Memorialfor programs in poetry through non- $12,500 poetry fellowships to poets Fund; the Rona Jaffe Foundation Writer's profit organizations. Mr. Bynner was Tory Dent and Nick Flynn. The awards Award; and three PEN American Centeran influential early-20th century poet are from the Witter Bynner FoundationGrants for Writers with AIDS. She is alsoand translator of the Chinese classic Tao in conjunction with the Library of Con-at work on a memoir, and has writtenTe Ching, which he named The Way of gress. The fellowships are to be used essays and art criticism. Life According to Laotzu. to support the writing of poetry. Only Nick Flynn is a member of Columbia The Witter Bynner Foundation is two things are asked of the fellows: thatUniversity's Writing Project, where he giving the Library a total of $150,000 over they organize a local poetry readingserves as an educator and consultantfive years; $25,000 for two or more poets (this year, in New York City and Prov-in New York City public schools. He each year to be chosen by the Poet Lau- incetown, Massachusetts, respectively)has won the 1999 PEN/Joyce Oster-reate in conjunction with the Library to and that they participate in a poetryweil Award for Poetry and a 1999encourage poets and poetry, and $5,000 reading at the Library of Congress. The"Discovery" / The Nation Award, andannually for five years to assist with 2001 Witter Bynner Fellows read from has received fellowships from the Finecosts of the Poet Laureateship. their work at the Library on April 5. Arts Work Center in Provincetown, This isthe fellowship's fourth Tory Dent is the author of HIV, Mon Mass., and from the MacDowell andyear. Previous fellows, appointed by Amour (1999), which won the 1999 James Millay Colonies. He is the author ofRobert Pinsky, were Carol Muske and LaughlinAward and was a finalist for the Some Ether. Carl Phillips (1998); David Gewanter, National Book Critics Circle Award; and The funding source for these fellow-Heather McHugh and Campbell What Silence Equals (1993). Her honorsships, the Witter Bynner FoundationMcGrath (1999); and Naomi Shihab include grants from the New York Foun- for Poetry, was incorporated in 1972 inNye and Joshua Weiner (2000). First Kissinger Scholar Selected

heLibraryof Congresshasfresh analysis and a bridge between War Grand Strategy, published by Princ- Tannounced the appointment ofthe world of ideas and the world ofeton University Press in 2000. Aaron Friedberg of Princeton Univer-affairs," Dr. Billington said. Selection of the Kissinger Scholar sity as the first Henry Alfred Kissinger The rise of Asia and its implicationswas made this year by a selection Scholar. The nine-month residentialfor America is the topic Mr. Friedbergcommittee that included Lawrence S. appointment, which begins in Septem-will explore during his tenure as Kiss-Eagleburger; William J. McDonough, ber 2001, inaugurates the Henry Alfred inger Scholar. He will examine thepresident of the Federal Reserve Bank Kissinger Chair in Foreign Policy andunderlying causes and long-term con-of New York; Professor Walter A. International Relations at the Library of sequences of the rise of Asia: theMcDougall of the University of Penn- Congress. Created through the generos- increase in relative weaith, technologi-sylvania; and Fareed Zakaria, editor ity of friends of the former Secretary ofcal competence and potential power ofof Newsweek International. Oversight State to honor him and emphasize thethe nations of eastern Eurasia and theof the program is provided by the importance of foreign affairs, the Kiss- western Pacific. Mr. Friedberg will ana-Kissinger Chair Steering Committee, inger Chair program offers outstandinglyze the implications of these devel-chaired by Dr. Billington, and includes thinkers and practitioners an opportu-opments for the future foreign andAlan Batkin of Kissinger Associates, nity to pursue advanced research in thedefense policies of the United States. New York; Lloyd Cutler of Wilmer, largest and most international collec- Mr. Friedberg has served on the fac-Cutler & Pickering, Washington, D.C.; tion of library materials in the world. ulty of Princeton University since 1987;Nancy Kissinger; and Peter Rodman of In making the appointment, Librar-he was appointed professor of politicsthe Nixon Center, Washington, D.C. ian of Congress James H. Billingtonand international affairs in 1999. He Applications and nominations for described Professor Friedberg as ais presently director of the Researchthe 2002 Kissinger Scholar appoint- superbly qualified scholar who has pro- Program in International Security andment will be accepted until October duced two incisive books on aspects ofacting director of the Center of Inter-1, 2001. For further information and foreign relations. "The Kissinger Chair national Studies at Princeton. He is theapplication forms, contact the Library's creates an opportunity for research author of The Weary Titan: Britain and theOffice of Scholarly Programs, 101 and discussion of foreign relations in a Experience of Relative Decline, 1895-1905, Independence Ave. S.E., Washington, global era. Dr. Friedberg will set a published by Princeton University PressDC,20540-4860;telephone(202) very high standard at the start of this in 1988, and In the Shadow of the Garrison 707-3302; fax (202) 707-3595; e-mail program, which will be a catalyst for State: America's Anti-Statism and Its Cold [email protected].

MAY 2001 113 * o

fraki .1411114-'1":

A metal truss bridge (clockwise from top left) on theTrans-Siberian Railroad; Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii near a stream in the Caucasus Mountains; the city of Toborsk; the Church of St. Dmitri (Dmitrievskii) in the town of Vladimir; young Russian women outside their log cabin near the town of Kirillov; the photographer and others on a handcar on the Murmansk Railroad (all photos 1907-1915)

ri 114 r4, INFORMATION BULLETIN el Photographer to the Czar The Startling Work of Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii

By JOHN VAN OUDENAREN "The Empire That Was Russia: The Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated" will be on view through August, Monday through Saturday, 10 a.m.-5 p.m. in the South Gallery of the Great Hall of the Jefferson Building. An online version of the exhibition is available ontheLibrary'sWeb siteat www.loc.govlexhibits. he photographs of Sergei Mikhail- Tovich Prokudin-Gorskii (1863-1944) offer a vivid portrait of a lost world the Russian Empire on the eve of World War I and the coming revo- lution. His subjects ranged from the medieval churches and monasteries of old Russia, to the railroads and facto- ries of an emerging industrial power, to the daily life and work of Russia's diverse population. In the early 1900s, Prokudin-Gorskii formulated an ambitious plan for a photographic survey of the RussianPinkhus Karlinskii, 84-year-old supervisor of the Chernigov floodgate Empire that won the support of Czar1909; factory turbines (below) built in Hungary, ca. 1907-1915 Nicholas H. Between 1909 and 1912, and again in 1915, he completed sur-of Russia on the eve of revolutionresearch yielded patents for produc- veys of 11 regions, traveling in a spe-recorded on glass plateswere pur-ing color film slides and for projecting cially equipped railroad car providedchased by the Library of Congresscolor motion pictures. Around 1907, by the Ministry of Transportation. in 1948 from his heirs. For this exhi-Prokudin-Gorskii envisioned and for- Prokudin-Gorskii left Russia inbition, the glass plates have beenmulated a plan to use the emerging 1918, going first to and Eng-scanned and, through an innovativetechnological advancements that had land before settling in France. By then,process known as digichromatogra-been made in color photography to the czar and his family had been mur-phy, brilliant color images have beendocument systematically the Russian dered and the empire that Prokudin-produced. This exhibition features aEmpire. Through such an ambitious Uorskii so carefully documented hadsampiing of Frokudin-Gorskii's his-plojea, his Uiiimaie goal Was Lc; edu- been destroyed. His unique imagestoric images produced through thecate the schoolchildren of Russia with new process and the digi-his "optical color projections" of the tal technology that makesvast and diverse history, culture and these superior color printsmodernization of the empire. Outfit- possible. It also celebratested with a specially equipped railroad the fact that for the first car-darkroom provided by Nicholas II, time many of these won-and in possession of two permits that derful images are avail-granted him access to restricted areas able to the public. and cooperation from the empire's Born in St. Petersburgbureaucracy, Prokudin-Gorskii docu- in 1863 and educated as amented the Russian Empire around chemist, Prokudin-Gorskii 1907 through 1915 and conducted devoted his career to themany illustrated lectures of his work. advancement of photog-He left Russia in 1918, after the revo- raphy. He studied withlution, and eventually settled in Paris, renowned scientists in St. where he died in 1944. Petersburg,Berlinand The Russia of Nicholas II on the eve Paris. His own originalof World War I was a land of striking

MAY 2001 115

fri; A group of tea harvesters near the east coast of the Black Sea, ca.1907-1915; a Muslim fabric merchantat the Samarkand market, 1911; the village of Kolchedan (below) in the Ural Mountains, 1912 ethnic diversity. Comprising all the mosques and Islamic schools in the Cau-documented the achievements of Rus- republics of what later was to becomecasus and Central Asia. Many of thesian engineers in extending the railroads the Soviet Union, as well as pres-buildings he photographed were later across the rugged terrain of the Urals and ent-day and much of Poland,destroyed by war or revolution, but into Siberia. He undertook his last assign- Russia was home to more than 150others survived the Soviet period andment for the ministry during World War million peopleof which only abouthave been restored. In addition toI, when he photographed the construc- half were ethnic Russians. In his travelsreligious buildings, Prokudin-Gorskiition of the Murmansk Railway, which throughout the empire, Prokudin-Gor-photographed houses, country estates,was built as a supply link between Russia skii captured this diversity. His color factories and barns. His skill as a photog- and its French and British allies. photographs of peasants from ruralrapher and the technical sophistication By the eve of World War I, Russia Russia, the nomadic peoples of Cen- of his methods are apparent in the treat-had undergone rapid industrial devel- tral Asia and the mountain peoples ofment of subjects ranging from churchopment, much of it fueled by foreign the Caucasus predate the forced Rus-interiors to panoramic shots of cities. investment and the import of technol- sification and the rapid modernization Prokudin-Gorskii's many photo-ogy from Western Europe. Key indus- of the Soviet period and document tra-graphs of railroad bridges, locomo-tries included textiles, metalworking, ditional costumes and ways of life. tives, barges, steamers and canalsand chemical and oil production. At The architectural richness of the Rus-reflect the importance of the transpor-the same time, many people lived sian Empire reflected its long historytation system in tying together the vastin appallingly backward conditions, and the cultural, ethnic and religious Russian Empire. The Ministry of Trans- especially in the countryside. diversity of its people. Prokudin-Gorskiiportation operated a network of rail- Prokudin-Gorskii documented the photographed medieval churches androads and steamers, but private com-economic life of the empire in all its monasteries in European Russia andpanies were also involved in rail, rivervariety. He photographed farmers cul- and canal transport. tivating fields and the production of TheMinistryofgrain in the temperate regions of - Transportation facili-pean Russia; the harvesting of cotton, tated many of Proku-tea and other crops in the warmer din-Gorskii'ssurveyregions of the south; artisans in small trips,beginningin shops;andlargenewfactories 1909. His first trip was equipped with the newest Russian and to survey the Mariin-imported machines. Economic condi- skii Canal system link- tions in these same areas drastically ing the upper Volga worsened during World War I, contrib- and Neva rivers. Heuting to the growth of revolutionary photographed bridges,movements and ultimately the over- dams, locks and steam-throw of the czar and the destruction ers, as well as the people of the empire. whooperated the system. On subsequent Mr. Van Oudenaren is chief of the trips, Prokudin-Gorskii European Division.

116 INFORMATION BULLETIN 36 0

C.

Prokudin-Gorskii Chronology 1863 Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii is born in St. Petersburg, Russia 1860s Subjugation of the Caucasus 1864-1869 Tolstoy writes War and Peace 1866 Dosloyevsky publishes CI ime and Punishment 1867 Sale of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands to the United States 1868 Nikolay Aleksandrovich (Nicholas II) is born at Tsarskoye Selo, near St. Petersburg 1870 Vladimir Ilich Lenin is born in Simbirsk, Russia 1870s Conquest of Central Asia (Khiva, Bokhara, Turkestan) 1879 Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Josef Stalin) is born in Cori, Georgia (Russian Empire) 1881 Assassination of Alexander II 1881-1894 Reign of Alexander El late 1880s Prokudin-Gorskii studies the natural sciences at Petersburg Technological Institute; studies painting at the Imperial Academy of Arts; studies chemistry with D.I. Mendeleyev 1889-1891 Prokudin-Gorskii continues his studies for two more years in Berlin and Paris; apprentices in photochemical laboratories 1891 Construction begins on Trans-Siberian Railroad Early 1890s Prokudin-Gorskii returns to Russia 1894 Death of Alexander HI The Emir of Bukhara, Alim Khan, 1911 1894-1917 Reign of Nicholas II Prokudin-Gorskii begins to present the technical results 1897 Prokudin-Gorskii completes photographic trips along of his photographic research to the Fifth Department Summer the Mariinskii Canal system and industrial areas of the of the Imperial Russian Technical Society (IRTS). (He 1909 would continue these presentations through 1918.) Ural mountains Prokudin-Gorskii publishes the first in a series of works March 1910First formal viewing at court by the czar of Prokudin- 1898 Gorskii's photographs of Mariinskii Canal system and on technical aspects of photography industrial areas of the Ural mountains 1900 Boxer Rebellion, Russian occupation of Manchuria 1910 Prokudin-Gorskii photographs the Volga Region; 1901 Trans-Manchurian line of the Chinese-Eastern Railway death of Tolstoy completed 1911 Prokudin-Gorskii photographs Turkestan and 1903 Social Democrats (Marxist Afghanistan revolutionaries) of the Russian Empire split into two competing wings: Menshevik and Bolshevik 1911-1912 Prokudin-Gorskii documents the areas involved in the Napoleonic campaigns in Russia to celebrate the 100th 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War anniversary of "The Fatherland War" 1904 Prokudin-Gorskii compiles photographic material for a 1912 Official support for Prokudin-Gorskii's documentary large illustrated volume of the Manchurian battlefield; project is terminated Trans-Siberian Railway (from Moscow to Vladivistok) Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand at Sarajevo compictc:-.1 thrcugh 1914 First World War ca. 1907 Prokudin-Gorskii envisions and formulates a plan for 1914-1918 the photographic survey of the Russian Empire, using 1915 Official support for Prokudin-Gorskii's documentary a camera that exposes one oblong plate three times in project is briefly resumed; Prokudin-Gorskii documents rapid succession through three different color filters. the Murmansk Railroad He presents them with a projector that combines the 1916 Trans-Siberian Railway completed three images into one color combined image Feb. 1917 February Revolution 1908 Prokudin-Gorskii conducts slide presentations of his March 1917Abdication of Nicholas II color photography innovations for audiences at IRTS, the Petersburg Photographic Society and elsewhere Nov. 1917Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in St. Petersburg July 1918 Nicholas H and family assassinated in Yekaterinburg May 1908 Prokudin-Gorskii photographs Leo Tolstoy at Yasnaya Summer Prokudin-Gorskii and his family leave Russia for Poliana 1918 Norway, then England 1908 Prokudin-Gorskii conducts several presentations of his 1922 Prokudin-Gorskii and his family move to France color slide projections; attracts the attention of the Grand 1924 Vladimir Ilich Lenin dies in Gorki (near Moscow); Stalin Duke Mikhail Aleksandrovich, who facilitates an intro- succeeds Lenin and assumes title of secretary general of duction to Czar Nicholas II the Communist Party's Central Committee Early 1909Nicholas II invites Prokudin-Gorskii to give a slide 1939-1945 Second World War presentation to the Imperial court at Tsarskoye 1940 Germany occupies France Selo. Prokudin-Gorskii receives official support to Liberation of Paris implement his plan to photographically document Aug. 1944 the Russian Empire Sept. 1944Prokudin-Gorskii dies in Paris MAY 2001 237 117 r, Conservation Corner , Photos, Glass Plate Negatives

By ANDREW ROBB album pages using wheat etween 1905 and 1915, Sergei Mik-starch paste. BUhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii (1863- Prokudin-Gorskii used 1944) traveled throughout the Russianglassplatenegatives, Empire and produced a collection ofrather than film to cap- more than 2,000 photographs docu- ture images in his camera. menting the nation and its people,Glass plates were the pre- including views of cities, villages anddominant negative used waterfronts, architecture, historic arti- during the 19th century, facts, public works, industry, agricul-and they continued to be ture and people. His goal with theseused into the early 20th image was to educate schoolchildrencentury. While film neg- throughout Russia about their countryatives were beginning (see story on page 114). to be used at the turn The photographs are noteworthyof the century, they did not only for what they record but alsonot become the most as one of the early examples of colorcommon type of nega- photography. tive until after World War Prokudin-Gorskiiproduced 14 I. The most obvious dis- albums that contain 2,434 monochro-advantage with using a matic photographs made from the glassglass negative is its fra- Manta Clance plate negatives; 710 of these prints dogility. In addition, theThe author undertakes conservation treatment on not have a corresponding negative ingelatin emulsion can beone of the Prokudin-GorskH glass plate negatives. the collection. Most of these prints are scratched and may also gelatin printing-out photographs, and detach from the glass. All of theseMartin Salazar, Ingliss conservation they have a distinctive warm browntypes of deterioration were present infellow, designed the housings for 75 appearance. These prints were madethis collection. In addition, the gelatinplates that needed this type of hous- from the red separation of the glassemulsion can be damaged by water.ing. While treatment options do exist plate negative. This is typical of any glass plate col- for re-adhering broken plates, it was In 1993 Maria Nugent, a senior booklection, especially one that has beennot undertaken as part of this project. conservator (now section head of Singlemoved often. By 1922 Prokudin-Gor-It is hoped that the digital scans will Item Treatment), treated the albums.skii had moved from Russia to Franceserve as adequate surrogates so that The original post-binding structure did via stays in Norway and England. Itfuture handling of the glass plates can not allow the rigid album pages to turnis remarkable that so few items werebe kept to a minimum. easily, and many pages were detachingdamaged in this process. A small number of glass plates from the binding. In addition, the edges The examination, rehousing andwere treated for flaking emulsion. of the album pages had losses andtreatment of the collection was over-This appears to have been caused by tears. Many of the pages were dirty.seen during 2000 by this writer. Eachthe exposure to water during storage Ms. Nugent removed the album pages of the 1,903 glass plates were examinedbefore the collection's arrival to the from the inadequate binding. She thento determine the condition, treatmentLibrary of Congress in 1948. This treat- dry cleaned the album pages with vinyland rehousing needs of each negative.ment involves reattaching the flake erasers and inserted losses in the pagesApproximately 150 of the glass platesto the glass. Before the flakes can be with toned Japanese paper. Once thedo not have corresponding prints inadhered, the flakes must be relaxed album pages were treated, a linen cloththe albums. Most of the negatives didusing a local application of moisture extension was attached to the bindingnot require treatment and were housedfrom a specially designed ultrasonic edge and new post-binding structuresin card sleeves that pass the Photo-humidifier. Once relaxed, the flake can were made for each album. The linengraphic Activity Test (PAT). The PAT is be re-adhered to the glass with a resin cloth extensions allow for the pages to lie a testing method described in a national in solvent. The resin is safe to use with flat when the volume is open. This madestandard that determines whether aphotographs, and a solvent is used to the digitization process much morehousing material will cause harm to minimize exposure to water. Treatment straightforward. Barbara Lemmen, aa photograph. High-quality housingswas complicated because these areas contract photograph conservator, are an important part of preserving ahad been weakened by the water. removed the discolored, pressure-sen-photographic collection. The Prokudin-Gorskii Collection is sitive tape found on some of the pho- Cracked or broken plates were placedan excellent example of how preserva- tographs in these albums. The pho-into custom made housings thattion and access can be undertaken to tographs were then reattached to thesecurely held the pieces together. continued on page 119

118 INFORMATION BULLETIN 3D ur Sounds Recor ing Acdemy Grants 40,000 f.r Sound Preservation Michael Greene, president and CEO are in urgent need of preservation.the National Recording Preservation of the Recording Academy, hasTogether, these two institutions holdAct of 2000, establishing the National announced a grant of $40,000 to theunparalleled collections that documentRecording Registry of the Library of American Folldife Center at the Librarythe American experience dating fromCongress (P.L. 106-474). The new law of Congress to support audio and videothe 1890sincluding noncommercialwas created to support the preserva- preservation. recordings of American stories, songs,tion of historic sound recordings, many The grant will be applied towardpoems, speeches ar al music. The collec-of which are at risk from deterioration. "Save Our Sounds," a project to pre-tions also include unique materials suchIt directs the Librarian of Congress to serve historic recordings housed atas recordings of Woody Guthrie; Jelly name sound recordings of aesthetic, his- the American Folklife Center and theRoll Morton; Leadbelly; the first field torical or cultural value to the registry, to Smithsonian Institution. Last year,recordings of Native American music;establish an advisory National Record- "Save Our Sounds" was awarded athe voices of cowboys, farmers, fisher-ing Preservation Board and to create $750,000 grant from the White Housemen, factory workers, and quilt-makers; and implement a national plan to assure Millennium Council, in partnershipAfrican American ; and storiesthe long-term preservation and acces- with the National Park Service and theof Jewish immigrants in America. sibility of America's audio heritage. National Trust for Historic Preserva- The American Folldife Center was Established in 1957, the National tion. This grant must be matched withcreated by Congress in 1976 and placed Academy of Recording Arts and Sci- private dollars. at the Library of Congress to "pre-ences Inc., also known as the Recording "We are grateful for the Recordingserve and present American Folklife"Academy, is dedicated to improving Academy grant in helping us to meetthrough programs of research, docu-the quality of life and cultural con- our fund-raising goal as well as thementation, archival presentation, ref-dition for music and its makers. An academy's interest in preserving theerence service, live performance, exhi-organization of more than 17,000 musi- diverse and distinctive voices of ourbition, public programs and training.cians, producers and other recording nation," said Dr. Billington. The center includes the Archive of Folk professionals, the Recording Acad- Hundreds of thousands of originalCulture, which was established in 1928emy is internationally known for the audio recordings on wax cylinders,and is now one of the largest collec-Grammy Awards and is responsible for wire, aluminum discs, acetate and mag-tions of ethnographic material from thenumerous outreach, professional devel- netic tape in both the Library of Con-United States and around the world. opment, cultural enrichment, educa- gress and the Smithsonian Institution On Nov. 9, President Clinton signedtion and human service programs.

FLICC and a holistic perspective. upon to think beyond its traditional continued from page 112 As a third goal, Mr. Roosa said federal horizons and seek new partnerships agencies must begin to shape a plan ofand collaborations that bring the best vation of the nation's heritage in theaction for who will be responsible forthinking to bear. "This may mean ven- digital era. First, agencies must staypreserving what: "As is true with fed-turing well beyond the comfort of our abreast of what is being done so theyeral resources in traditional formats, noown agencies or affiliates and initiat- dn nnf rinnlirafra offnrfc "Min rnnef rrsr, rnp inchifnHen1 ran rin if all, and tho oar- inn 1 lflhtflttrqiflflQ -r vene ourselves on a fairly regular basislier we embrace preserving our federaland businesses both at the national and to understand the technical issues andlegacy with a clear strategic vision thatinternational levels." conceptual models better that drive theincorporates models for collaboration, preservation of digital information,"the sooner we will be confident that the Ms. Hatziyannis is editor-in-chief for said Mr. Roosa. universe of federal records will be safethe Federal Library and Information Second, he encouraged agencies tofor future generations." Center Committee; Ms. Fineberg is approach the preservation of digital Fourth, he said, the federal informa-editor of The Gazette, the Library's information from both an integrativetion community is also being called staff newspaper.

Conservation tion, these measures allowed for theits color, with all the subtleties of indi- continued from page 118 safe handling of the collection duringvidual talent, we convey to posterity a digitization. Digitization allows thevaluable document." the benefit of both missions. Conser-Library to realize Prokudin-Gorskii's The work in the Conservation Divi- vation rehousing and treatment ensuredream: the opportunity to see thesesion will ensure the preservation and the long-term preservation of the collec-images of Russia in color across theaccess of this document for generations tion. Damaging and inadequate mate-world. In 1911 Prokudin-Gorskii stated,to come. rials have been replaced with longer"By fixing on light-sensitive plates the lasting, safer housings. Deteriorationcreation of artistic inspiration in all the Mr. Robb is a senior photograph conser- has been stabilized and treated. In addi-richness of its hues, in all the charm of vator in the Library's Conservation Office. MAY 2001 239 119 0

4 r, 'The Ambassador of Jazz' " Billy Taylor Donates Collection

Young and new in town, he was guided through New York's jazz scene by a number of older musi- cians. Teddy Wilson arranged for him to study piano with his instructor, Richard McClanahan. Before 4.1111110mr long, he was Art Tatum's protege, with Jo Jones as his self-appointed guardian. With a support system and an enormous talent, Mr. Taylor's popularity grew rapidly. He toured Europe with the Don Redmon Orchestra, the first American jazz band to tour the continent after World War II. Along with Budd Johnson, he led an all-star group to Haiti. He played on Broadway in "The Seven Lively Arts," a Billy Rose show; opened for in her show "Holiday on Broadway"; and played in the pit band at the Belasco Theater for "Blue Holiday," a show that starred actress Ethel Waters and featured Mary Lou Williams, the Kath- erine Dunham Dancers, the Hall Johnson Singers, Timmie Rogers, Willie Bryant and a host of other R great artists. "I played a lot of solo jobs, accompanied a lot of singers and dancers, wrote my first piano instruc- tion books, played the RKO in Boston, the Earle The- By LLOYD PINCHBACK ater in Philadelphia, the Royal Theater in Baltimore, ianist, composer, recording artist, arranger, conductor, author,the Howard Theater in Washington, D.C., and the Pteacher and lecturer, radio and television starWilliam "Billy" Apollo Theater in New York," recalled Mr. Taylor. Taylor is the consummate renaissance man of jazz. Mr. Taylor Billy Taylor was in high demand. In the late 1940s, recently donated his collection of jazz memorabilia to the Library he was asked to substitute for pianist Al Haig in the of Congress on the occasion of his 80th birthday. The Billy Taylorgroup known as "Charlie Parker and Strings." This Collection will serve as an invaluable resource for research in jazzmarked the beginning of his two-year stint as house history, performance and pedagogy. It will also tell the life story of pianist at Birdland, the legendary jazz club. In 1951 the man behind the music. he began a one-year residency at Club Le Downbeat Born in Greenville, N.C., in 1921, Billy Taylor's music education with a trio that included Charles Mingus on bass began at the age of 7 in Washington, D.C., under the tutelage ofand Charlie Smith on drums. Mingus left to form his Elmira Streets. The son of a dentist, Mr. Taylor studied saxophone, own group and was replaced by Earl May. Drummer guitar and drums before focusing on the piano. At the age of 13, heCharlie Smith left the group and was replaced with began studying classical piano with Henry Grant. After high school,Cuban drummer Candido, who was introduced to he enrolled in Virginia State College as a sociology major, but was Mr. Taylor by . The newly configured persuaded by composer and pianist Undine S. Moore that his futuregroup made one recording and played several club was in music. In 1944 he graduated from Virginia State College with dates before going their separate ways. a bachelor of science degree in music. In the early 1950s, Billy Taylor emerged as a Mr. Taylor moved to New York City shortly after graduation. spokesman for jazz. He wrote about jazz and gave Within three days of his arrival he was hired to replace pianist Johrmylectures and workshops to music teachers interested Guarnieri in saxophonist Ben Webster's quartet. The Ben Websterin teaching the subject. Yale University invited him Quartet performed regularly at Three Deuces on the famous 52ndto participate in a conference to explore ways to Streetthe jazz scene's "mecca" during the 1940s and '50s. improve the teaching of music in public schools. "I was in heaven," said Mr. Taylor. "Fifty-second Street was the Among the gathering of musicologists, theorists, living version of jazz history at that time." composers and teachers, only two jazz musicians From this grand beginning, Billy Taylor proceeded to share theattended the seminar: Mercer Ellington and Billy bandstand with other jazz idols of the day, including Billie Holiday, Taylor. The conference, which lasted for two weeks, , Dizzy Gillespie, Coleman Hawkins, Eddie South, resulted in a long list of carefully considered recom- Stuff Smith, Cozy Coles, Slam Stewart, Roy Eldridge, Jo Jones, mendations that the group forwarded to the Depart- Machito and Edmund Hall. ment of Health, Education and Welfare, the federal "I had majored in music at Virginia State College, but now Iagency that funded the gathering. Unfortunately, no was doing graduate work with the greatest musicians as mentors," national action came out of the conference. This was recalled Mr. Taylor. Billy Taylor's disappointing initiation into the realm

120 INFORMATION BULLETIN . 0

a of government support for the arts and humanities. As a result, he decided to bring his message directly to the people through radio and television. In 1958 Billy Taylor was appointed muck, director of the firct077ceriPs produced by the new National Educa- tional Television. The series, titled The Subject Is Jazz, lasted for 13 weeks and featured Billy Taylor leading a band, which included trumpeter Doc Sever- insen, reed-man Tony Scott, trombon- ist ; in-anyCleveland, Faitarist IVALIAL dell Lowe, bassists Earl May and Eddie Safranski, drummers Ed Thigpen and Ossie Johnson and, of course, Billy Taylor on piano. Some of the guest artists included Nat and Cannonball Adderly, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Aaron Cop- land, Duke Ellington, Bill Evans, Lang- ston Hughes, Lee Konitz, Warne Marsh, Jimmy Rushing, George Russell, Willie "The Lion" Smith and Ben Webster. The series was a hallmark in the annals of televised jazz. During the 1950s and early 1960s,Billy Taylor at the upright piano with unidentified musicians, early Billy Taylor recorded for several record1950s; the Jazzmobile, a converted beer float labels including Roost, Prestige, River- side, ABC Paramount, Impulse, Sesac, Mercury and Capitol Records. Other artists sharing the Capitol Records label at that time included Frank Sina- tra, , Peggy Lee, George Shearing and . Although the Beatles were the last to sign with the label, Capitol nearly abandoned all other signed artists based on the reve- nue that the popular British group gar- nered for the label. This was quite dis- couraging for Billy Taylor. "I decided to forget about recording and concentrated on radio and televi- sion," he recalled. "I could not compete with rock and roil on recordings, but I It; trid ellitafferkae%::)'° was plenty of competition on radio." bear By 1962 Mr. Taylor had been hired by WLIB, New York's only black- owned radio station, to do a daily pro- gram. The program was so successful that he was hired by New York's topthe new show conflicted with hisalso donated a grant of $10,000 to the independent radio station, WNEW,WNEW broadcast. After two yearscause. Featuring be-bop by notable jazz to play jazz for its affluent, middle-with WNEW, he returned to WLIB. artists of the day, Jazzmobile was suc- of-the-road audience. Shortly before In the mid-1960s, Billy Taylor joined cessful in its goal of delivering jazz to starting the WNEW assignment, Mr.the Harlem Cultural Council. Whenthe people on the streets of New York, Taylor served as musical director forfellow council member Daphne Am-particularly inner-city youth. Dizzy the pilot television comedy show cre-stein proposed a project to take musicGillespie, Carmen McRae, Duke Elling- ated by David Frost called That Wasdirectly to the people on the streetston and Cannonball Adderly were the Week That Was, the American ver-of New York, Taylor insisted that theamong the many jazz artist who par- sion of a British broadcast of the samemusic be jazz. The council borrowedticipated in the program. Jazzmobile title. When NBC finally aired the showa float from the Budweiser Beer Co.,offered more than free outdoor summer as a series, Mr. Taylor was unableconverted it to a bandstand-on-wheels,concerts; there were also the lecture- to serve as musical director becauseand Jazzmobile was born. Budweiserdemonstration programs in the public

MAY 2001 121 241g Mr.Taylor. with Bob Keeshan, bringing jazz to children on the CBS-TV program "Captain Kangaroo"

0 Robert Bowman and Associates Mr.Taylor performing with a quartet featuring N:kx Gerry Mulligan on baritone saxophone

schools, Saturday workshops and many other out- reach efforts initiated "to teach students, young and old, about America's classical musicjazz." To this day, Mr. Taylor is proud of the fact that the Jazzmo- bile concept has been emulated all over the world. In 1969 Billy Taylor finally had the opportunity

Mike 0 Neal to work with David Frost as the first black music Mr. Taylor onstage with his trio: Curtis Boyd on bass anddirector of a major television series, "The David Keith Copeland, drums Frost Show." Prior to each broadcast, the studio audience was treated to an hourlong jazz concert by the band. According to Mr. Taylor, the Frost show band was "the best jazz band on television at that time." In David Frost, Bill Taylor found a friend and an advocate for jazz music. Several shows featured special guests like Benny Good- man, Louis Armstrong, and Buddy Rich who would perform with the Frost show band and then be interviewed by David Frost. MINE atli slut IA" Z is ALIVE and BEM :I, \EU The show lasted for three years, during which NEW YORK time David Frost had recorded two albums with b1LLit" PI) the band. Jaz IS ALIVE ANDILI IN After the show's demise, Billy Taylor returned to ,AA.110,114: ,14 NI-APRIL IS JAllMONTH! radio WLIB as both disk jockey and station pro- 1.1.14 70 NIZMMIO ,001/8RAII gram manager. He hosted two jazz programs on Mr1111.. VI1 psclII.W1t! WLIB, and hosted one on WNEW. As the breadth of jazz styles aired on the show grew, so did the audience. Mr. Taylor recounted, "With the help Del Mr. Taylor at the April 1965 dedication of "Jazz Month" in Shields and Ed Williams [we] built the biggest New York by Mayor John Lindsay jazz audience in New York. Radio and jazz go

122 INFORMATION BULLETIN ASIA&

``

Mr. Taylor conducting his band on "Tony Brown's Journal," for ;k41\ PBS television; a recent portrait together in a special way and werights movement of the 1960s. MoreCenter. In this position, which he con- exploited that fact to the fullest." than 30 different recordings have beentinues to hold, he has established sev- In 1972 Billy Taylor was appointedmade of this piece by such artists aseral performance programs and educa- by President Richard Nixon to theNina Simone, Harry Belafonte, Lenational outreach activities at the center. National Council on the Arts for a six- Home, blues singer Solomon Burke,The center's Millennium Stage is only year term. The council is responsiblethe jazz-rock band of the early 1970sone of his successful projects to deliver for advising the National EndowmentCold Blood, John Denver and Leon-jazz to the people. for the Arts on the distribution of mil-tyne Price. On CBS's "Captain Kan- In 1995 the Kennedy Center commis- lions of dollars of government fundsgaroo Show," "Dial 'M' for Music," sioned Billy Taylor to compose a work to encourage and support cultural"Exploring" and "Rainbow Sundae," for jazz and symphonic orchestra. The endeavors in the United States. Thishe reached an even younger audienceresult was "Theme and Variation for appointment,togetherwithhiswith his lectures and demonstrationsJazz Trio and Symphony Orchestra." appointments by New York Gov. of the art form. The work premiered at the Kennedy Rockefeller to the New York In August 1975, Mr. Taylor added a Center on April 23, 1995, with the State Commission on Culturalnew title to his name. He became "Dr. Billy Taylor Trio and the National Sym- Research, and by New York MayorWilliam Taylor" with the acceptance of phony Orchestra conducted by Leon- John Lindsay to the New York Culturalhis doctoral thesis, "The History of Jazz ard Slatkin. Councii, made Tayior an arts advisernano," at the University of Massachu- 'through his many outreach pro- on the national, state and city level. setts, an accomplishment that meant a grams,hisservicetonumerous Through the radio and televisongreat deal to him. national and local arts committees media, Billy Taylor continued to be the In 1982 Billy Taylor was offered theand boards, his literary writings and country's leading spokesman for jazz.job of art correspondent on what hemore than 300 music compositions, To handle this aspect of his business,calls "the best show on televisionhis performances and recordings, and he formed Billy Taylor Productions."CBS Sunday Morning." through his work at the Kennedy His original compositions could be "This is the most effective presenta- Center, Billy Taylor has duly earned heard on segments of PBS's "Sesametion that I have been able to make onthe title of the "Ambassador of Amer- Street" and "The Electric Company." televison about people that I think areica's Classical MusicJazz." He was music director on "Tonyimportant in jazz," he said. "I'm really The Billy Taylor Collection is a recent Brown's Journal"and composedproud of it." Library of Congress acquisition and is music and served as spokesperson for On the program, he has presented currently unprocessed. Notification of its Peugeot cars, Campbell Soup, Coca- profiles of more than 125 artists, includ- availability will be publicized upon comple- Cola, Canada Dry and L'Oreal hairing Dave Brubeck, Ella Fitzgerald and tion of physical processing. products. One of his most well-knownQuincy Jones. The Quincy Jones profile works, "I Wish I Knew How It Would earned Billy Taylor an Emmy in 1983. Mr. Pinchback is a music specialist in the Feel to Be Free," was composed in 1954 In March 1993 Mr. Taylor was Acquisitions and Processing Section of the but was not popularized until the civilappointed jazz adviser to the Kennedy Library's Music Division.

MAY 2001 2 4 3 123 0

The Rosa leen Moldenhauer Memorial Volume Describes Extensive Musical Archives

By KEVIN LAVINE remains the largest composite gift of difficulties encountered with this proj- n an institution whose history is fulldocuments related to music scholar-ect were overshadowed by the impor- Iof any number of historic events, theship ever made to the Library, and istance of the material itself, which she publication last July by the Library ofregarded as one of the greatest col-described as being rich in "undiscov- Congress of The Rosaleen Moldenhauerlections of primary source material in ered treasures to be found and myster- Memorial: Music History from Primarymusic ever assembled. ies to be solved." Sources, edited by Music Division Chief Envisaged by Moldenhauer as a While Moldenhauer had, before his Jon Newsom and distinguished musi-memorial to Rosaleen, his wife ofdeath, already deposited a large por- cologist Alfred Mann, remains a singu-nearly 40 years, this volume is a labortion of his collection in various repos- lar achievement. of love by all involved in its creation. itories throughout the United States This volume represents more thanThe realization of these labors wasand Europe, he had hoped to publish a 10 years of effort by more than 100accomplished primarily through thefacsimile edition of the most significant contributors, drawn in large part fromdriving force and vision of Molden-material in the collection, which was Library staff as well as from musi-hauer himself, and after his death into be accompanied by scholarly essays. cological scholars from around the 1987, by the efforts of his widow, MaryThis edition, wistfully referred to globe. Moreover, the Hans Molden-Moldenhauer, and by Mr. Newsom. by Moldenhauer as his "Taj Mahal," hauer Archive (currently held in the The volume contains more than 50would serve as a memorial to Rosaleen, Library's Music Division, and on whichessays treating specific material con-who died in 1982. Without the invalu- this volume is based) contains moretained within the archive; other sub-able advice and support of Rosaleen, than 3,500 musical manuscripts, cor- stantial essays by Mann (also a longtimea formidable musician and scholar in respondence and other music-relatedpersonal friend of the Moldenhauers)her own right, Moldenhauer admitted material and was assembled by Mold- providing a general overview of thethat his archive might never have been enhauer over the course of nearlyhistory of Western music as well as aassembled. A year before his death, 40 years. The archive, the contentscontext for the archive's contents; andMoldenhauer contacted Mr. Newsom of which span Western music historya complete inventory of all the music-about placing the remaining (although from the 12th century to modern times, related material collected by Molden-no less important) material from his hauer throughout his life.collection at the Library, and even pro- Each essay is also accom-vided a generous fund to realize his panied by a full-color fac-dream of creating his "Taj Mahal." simile of an excerpt of the Hans Moldenhauer, born in Mainz, material it discusses. Germany, in 1906, fled to the United Besides the major con-States in 1938 to escape the rising tide tributions made by Mr.of fascism in his homeland. An accom- Newsom and by Libraryplished pianist and scholar, Molden- staff to this project, thehauer wrote a study of performance admirable efforts of twotechnique involving two pianos, Duo- staff members in partic-Pianism (1950), which remains an ular made possible itsimportant work to this day. He also realization.Iris New-collaborated with Rosaleen in produc- som, senior editor ofing several books and articles about the the Library's Publishinglife and work of the significant Aus- Office, and Carol Lynntrian composer Anton von Webern. Ward-Bamford,musicMoldenhauer was one of the first musi- specialist with thecologists to recognize this composer's Library's Music Division, influential status in Western music. who served as the proj- Besides his devotion to music and ect'scopy editor andmusical scholarship, another great pas- editorial assistant respec-sion in Moldenhauer's life was moun- tively. They were bothtain climbing, an activity he had avidly involved with the projectpursued from his youth during fre- on a long-term basis and quent excursions in the Bavarian Alps. were witness to its many Upon his move to the United States, he evolutionary stages. Forlearned of his newly adopted country's Fritz Kes Ms. Ward-Bamford, whomountainous Northwest, and a year Hans Moldenhauer and Arthur Vogel atop thealso worked directly withlater bought a round-trip bus ticket to Matterhorn, Aug. 2, 1933 the archive's contents, theSpokane, Wash., where he promptly

124 INFORMATION BULLETIN led a climbing expedition up Mount Rainier. But the return portion of Moldenhauer's bus ticket was never used; instead he established a new life for himself in Spokane as a pianist and teacher, and in 1942 even founded that city's Conservatory of Music. It was also in Spokane that he first met a piano student named Rosa leen Jackman, who was later to become his wife. In addition to the direct effects of the World War II on Moldenhauer's life, he also recognized its dev- astating consequences on his area of professional interest, musical scholarship, which was only just bc.g,hming tr, rir,>ce ti c. hec.,1 fr,r itinr c composers' works at the war's outbreak. Perhaps one motivating factor in Moldenhauer's decision to begin assembling his own archive of primary _ ninirrALWErfiriimiEffir:1~T source material in the United States was the lack of iarlitirVe EVI1 access to the very manuscripts, most of which were located in war-ravaged Europe, that would have made such musicological research possible. Also at this time, in about 1950, Moldenhauer ilitlir;VBSTAM. was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa, a hered- itary disease that leads to blindness and has no known cure. Doctors predicted that Moldenhauer would be blind within two years. While this pro- cess eventually stretched over the course of more than 20 years, Moldenhauer himself credits this faulty prognosis as providing the incentive to begin seriously building his archive, wishing to use what remained of his failing eyesight to its fullest advan- tage. Even after losing his sight, Moldenhauer refused to regard his condition as an obstacle to his efforts, and with Rosaleen's assistance, continued to amass source material for his collection. The result of Moldenhauer's efforts is an archiveGeorges Bizet's piano arrangement of Scenes de bal by of material that is staggering in its breadth, includ-Jules Massenet, from the Moldenhauer Archive ing genres ranging from medieval chant to con- temporary experiments in the notation of aleatoric, or "chance," music. It is a testament to Mold-Rainer Maria Rilke, George Sand and Thornton Wilder), philosophy enhauer's insight (and foresight) that material(Paul Wittgenstein) and art (Pablo Picasso, Odilon Redon, Georges regarding the most important Western compos-Rouault and Maurice Utrillo). In all, material from more than 2,100 ersBach, Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Brahms,individuals connected with the creative arts, including nearly every Debussy, Stravinsky and Schoenberg amongnotable musical figure of note in the history of Western music, are theindle lepiebeided bide by bide With (indent-represented in this remarkable archive. porary composers whose reputations were just Perhaps the most notable feature of this volume, however, is pre- beginning to emerge when Moldenhauer wascisely the one that will be the least evident to the reader: the long-term assembling his collection. Many of these com-efforts of the many individuals involved in its production, among posersincluding Mahler, Webern, Ives, Ruggles,whom Library staff members figure prominently. Such efforts on Varese, Boulez, Penderecki, Berio, Dallapiccola,the part of Library staff have not ended with the publication of this Henze, Stockhausen, Ligeti, Cage and Rochbergvolume, however. The staff of the National Digital Library Program have since become recognized as some of the mostis developing a Web site that will contain a full-text electronic version renowned composers today. of this volume in a keyword-searchable format. The life's work of Also included in the collection is material fromMoldenhauer, presently housed in several institutions, including the musical performers such as singers Enrico CarusoLibrary of Congress, will ultimately be brought together electroni- and Roland Hayes, cellist Pablo Casals, violinistcally for use by a global audience of scholars and enthusiasts. Jascha Heifetz and pianist Vladimir Horowitz, as Hans Moldenhauer's efforts in creating a legacy for his wife as well well as from such conductors as Wilhelm Furtwän-as a valuable musicological resource, therefore, continue to endure gler, Eugene Ormandy, Arturo Toscanini, Arthurin ways he could likely never have foreseen, developing far beyond Fiedler and Serge Koussevitzky. Moldenhauer'shis selfless and ambitious wish to support music research by nothing interests were not limited to musical material, how- less than the creation of his own archive. ever. The collection also includes material from major figures in the fields of literature, poetry and Mr. LaVine is a music specialist and reference librarian in the Library's theater (Federico Garcia Lorca, Hermann Hesse, Music Division. MAY 2001 245 125 0

News from the Center for the Book National Reading Promotion Partners Exchange Ideas I/Vour enthusiasm for promoting 1 reading is of great importance for the future of our country," Dr. Billington told participants on March 12 at the Center for the Book's annual "idea exchange" for its national read- ing promotion partners. The Librarian also reminded his audience, "as people who obviously love the printed word," that the Library's highly publicized digital 'thou initiatives were aimed, in the long run, to help "bring people back to books, reading and libraries." The ultimate goal, he said, "is to make our citizens into lifetime learners," and "such an accomplishment is simply not possible without books or read- ing." The Librarian noted that, "as a modest step in this direction," the Center for the Book provides its sig- nature "Read More About It" lists of suggested books for adults and young people as part of the National

Digital Library's Learning Page. He Fern Underdue also acknowledged the presence ofScott Walter of the International Reading Association shows off a former Center for the Book con- poster developed by several of the reading promotion partners to sultant Michael Thompson, "whose celebrate Onternational Literacy Day on Sept. 8. energy and persuasive telephone skills" launched the center's readingMumford Room, which was deco-tions by each organization about its promotion partnership program inrated with posters and T-shirts fromprincipal current projects. the early 1990s. previous campaigns and filled with Anne Boni, the center's project spe- Forty-five educational and civicdescriptive literature about projectscialist who now oversees the partner- organizations sent representatives tosponsored by partners in attendance.ship network, emphasized that the the all-day meeting in the Library'sThe meeting featured brief presenta-day's presentations would give part-

f '21F( ,r7r

Fern Underdue Jon Randall and Robbin Sorensen of the National Coalition for Literacy; Pete Neal from the Corpora- tion for Public Broadcasting; Tela Hansom-Pitt of PBS Literacy Link Fern Underdue Fern Underdue

126 INFORMATION BULLETIN .qv 246 Center for the Book Reading Promotion Partners at the Annual Meeting on March 12 American Booksellers Association American Foundation for thc Blind American Library Association Book Adventure Foundation Books for Kids Foundation Cartoonists Across America and the World

'6.: Church and Synagogue Library Association Fern Underdue Fern Underdue Corporation for Public Broadcasting Correctional Education Association Council for Professional Recognition District Lines Poetry Project Everybody Wins! D.C. Favorite Poem Project First Book Friends of Libraries U.S.A. General Federation of Women's Clubs International Reading Association Institute of Museum and Library Fern Underdue Service KIDSNET The Knowledge Project Fern Underdue Laubach Literacy Other presenters at the March 12 idea exchange Letters About Literature included Laubach Literacy Action's Sylvia Lutheran Church Library Keene (top left) with Jason King of Turning Association - the Page; Suzanne Barchers of Weekly Reader; National Book Foundation Sandy Do !nick from Friends of Libraries USA National Coalition for Literacy with Mary Costabile of the Washington office of the American Library Association; Marie Harris National Council of Teachers of Aldridge of WHCLIST; and the National Book English Foundation's Meredith Andrews. National Education Association, Fern Underdue READ ACROSS AMERICA National Endowment for the ner organizations a good opportunityCenter for the Book Director John Humanities to inform others about their projects,Y. Cole introduced the Library's new National Federation of Press Women publicize their activities and possiblynational reading promotion theme gain new partners. She also presentedfor 2001-2003: "Telling America's Sto- National Literacy Summit Initiative an overview of current Center forries." Sponsored jointly by the Center Ne w jel bey Cut u Let. iiul the Book projects, highlighting Lettersfor the Book and the Library's Amer- PBS Literacy Link About Literature (discussed later inican Folk life Center, "Telling Amer- Pizza Hut, BOOK IT! the day by consultant Cathy Gourley),ica's Stories takes advantage of the Prime Time with PJ River of Words and the ViburnumLocalLegaciesProjectandthe Read Out and Read National Center Foundation/CenterfortheBookLibrary's new Web site for children Turning the Page Family Literacy Project. She noted thatandfamilies,America'sLibrary U.S. Dept. of Education these and other projects offered many(www.americaslibrary.gov), both U.S. National Commission on opportunities for continuing and build-launched in 2000 during the Library's Libraries and Information ing future partnerships. Program Offi-Bicentennial; the Library's new Veter- Science Taskforce cer Maurvene Williams said that manyans' History Project; and the Center for United States Board on Books for of the projects developed by the Centerthe Book's national networks of affili- Young People (USBBY) for the Book and its partner organi-ated state centers and reading promo- Virginia Center for the Book zations are described on the center'stion partners. Information about how Virginia Department of Education expanding and increasingly popularto participate in the campaign is avail- Washington Literacy Council Web site(www.loc.gov/cfbook).Sheable on the Center for the Book's Web Weekly Reader Corp. encouraged partners to review thesite. First lady Laura Bush will be the Women's National Book Foundation descriptions of their organizations andcampaign's honorary chair (see story Zero to Three their projects on the site. on p. 103).

MAY 2001 247 127 . WASHINGTON101 INDEfENDENCEAVE.PUBLIpAFFAIRS S.E. OFFICE cONGRESS26540-1610 yRESORTEDLIBRARY STANDARDPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEESWASkINGTON, PAIDPERMIT No. DO G-403 'PENALIY FOR PRIVATE USE $300, OFFICIAL BUSINESS . DATED MATERIAL LIBRARY OF CdWGRESS INFORMATIONif yOu wish toBULLETIN beyemoved from the mailirig list :ISSN 004177904 -rEricISS/Pbcuse ClearinghouseCIJE0,05DUS UnivCoordinator on Info/Tec******4&*******3-DIGIT 132 529 P10 ; the :fbrBulletin, thisaddress::addressto the publication please abOve label address address.and check return. your Ifhere changeinquires To ü requesfrnissingand is toreturn required the above this enter pageissue(s) on of Syracuse4-194 Center NY 13244-4100 for Sci & Tec BST it PY AVAILABLE w 414.- /)11P\\;\:, , ,k+% 1k kt'a

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* 4> ,.? 'b Information a' S .t * tc$ Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 60, No. 6 June 2001 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Drifter, by Rockwell Kent, 1933, from the "Explaining and Ordering" section of "Beginnings," the inaugural exhibition in the Library's new "World Treasures" gallery. Cover Story:"World Treasures of the Library of Congress," featuring items from the Library's extensive international collections, opens this month. 142 Weaving Yarns, Telling Tells:The American Folldife Center has joined with the International Storytelling Center to establish a 133 repository for storytelling. 131 Vet's Voices: A director of the Veterans History Project has been appointed. 131 Leader of the Pix:The Library has named a new chief of its Prints and Photographs Division. 132 Changing Hearts and Minds:Norman Mineta gave the keynote address for the Library's Asian Pacific American Heritage Month. 133 Darwinian Discussion:Nature writer David Quammen spoke on Charles Darwin at the Library's annual Bradley Lecture. 134 134 Undaunted Courage:Maps and documents from the 1803-1806 Lewis and Clark expedition were previewed April 4. 136 Enduring Adams:David McCullough discussed and the author's new biography of the second president April 24. 137 Legal Eagles:The Friends of the Law Library of Congress celebrated Law Day May 1. 138 Wickersham Winner:Talbot "Sandy" D'Alemberte received the 2001 Wickersham Award March 27. 139 The Rare and the Special:The Library held a forum on the relationship between libraries and private collectors of rare books.140 'A Petal from the Rose':Illustrations by from the early 1900s are on display through Sept. 29. 146 137Tracer Bullets: New subject on diabetes, vitamins and minerals, and sports medicine are available from the Library's Science, Technology and Business Division. 149 News from the Center for the Book 150

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GuyLAMOLINARA,Editor JOHNH.SAYERS,Designer 146 AUDREY FISCHER,Assignment Editor s o

maS Telling, Keeping and Sharing Stories Folklife Center Launches Storytelling Partnership

he American Folklife Center atnation's most respected Tthe Library of Congress recently storytellers. This impor- announced a cooperative initiative withtant narrative collection the International Storytelling Center ofwill become part of the Jonesborough, Tenn. Through this part-American Folklife Cen- nership, the two centers will work to coi- ter's Archive of Folk Cul- led, preserve and disseminate informa- ture. tion and materials about storytelling. "Telling stories is a uni- The International Storytelling Col-versal form of cultural lection has been created at the Libraryexpression. Our alliance of Congress to serve as a repository forwiththeInternational these important archival materials. Storytelling Center and At the heart of the partnership isacquisition of this col- the American Folldife Center's acquisi-lection allows us to pre- tion, from the International Storytellingserve valuable informa- Tom Raymond Center, of one of the largest and mosttion about the content,Ray Hicks performing at the National Storytelling important archival collections aboutvariety meaning and per-Festival in Jonesborough, Tenn. The festival is stories and storytelling. The materialsformance of stories andone of the Library's "Local Legacies" projects. include hundreds of hours of audiopersonal narratives for and video tape that document everyappreciation and study by present andto collect, preserve and share the docu- National Storytelling Festival held future generations," said Peggy A. Bulger, mented history of the role of storytell- since its founding in 1973, plus many director of the American Folklife Center. ing in our history and culture." other storytelling events. Also included "This is a major step forward for The International Storytelling Center in the collection is a large quantity ofthe recognition and appreciation of sto-is developing a facility in Jonesbor- photographs, publications and man-rytelling in America and across theough that will serve as a tribute to the uscripts that further illuminate theglobe," said Jimmy Neil Smith, founder tradition of storytelling and provide revival of storytelling in the United and president of the International Sto-online and on-site access to the story- States. One of the strengths of the col-rytelling Center. "Through this impor-telling collection. lection is the large number of record-tant effort, we will, for the first time In addition, the two centers will ings of performances by many of thein history conduct an organized effortwork together to promote the value of storytelling, produce storytelling- based public programs and publica- Veterans History tions, and provide educational oppor- hmities about storytelling. Project Director The American Folklife Center was created by Congress in 1976 and placed A tin^I I 11,16/%4Ce1 at the Library of Congress to preserve and present American folklife through llen McCulloch-Lovell has been appoin- programs of research, documentation, ted director of the Veterans History Proj- archival preservation, reference service, ect, a project of the American Folklife Center live performance, exhibition, public in the Library of Congress to collect and pre- programs and training. The center serve oral histories and documentary mate- incorporates the Archive of Folk Cul- rials from veterans of World War I, World ture, which was established in the Library's Music Division in 1928 and War II and the Korean, Vietnam and Persian James Hardin Gulf wars. Ellen RilcCulloch-Loveil is now one of the largest collections of The Veterans History Project has invited all ethnographic material from the United the major veterans service organizations and major history associations to be States and around the world. official partners. Members of Congress will receive an information package The International Storytelling Center with suggestions of ways they can help promote the project. is dedicated to the study of storytelling The Veterans History Project was created by Congress late last year in leg- and helps people from around the nation islation sponsored by Sens. Max Cleland (D-Ga.) and Chuck Hagel (R-Neb.) and the world capture and tell their sto- and Reps. Ron Kind (D-Wis.) and Amo Houghton (R-N.Y.). The legislation ries, preserve their storytelling traditions passed unanimously and was signed into law by President Clinton on Oct. 27, and use storytelling to produce posi- 2000. (P.L. 106-380). tive change. The center is best known continued on page 132 as the producer of the highly acclaimed National Storytelling Festival.

JUNE 2001 131 6'. New Chief of Prints and Photographs Named

feremy E. Adamson, formerly seniorarrearage reduction goals and to ensure curator at the Smithsonian Institu-the preservation and security of the on's Renwick Gallery, took office May Library's pictorial materials under my 7, as the chief of the Prints and Photo-supervision," Mr. Adamson continued. graphs Division. "While increasing digital reference Associate Librarianfor Libraryaccess is a personal goal, I also hope to Services Winston Tabb said, "Jeremy attract more scholars and other research- Adamson's decades of scholarship,ers to the reading room. As a user of the leadership and involvement in pro-division's reference services since the grams in the field have provided himearly 1970s, I know how important the with a combination of management collections are for generating new schol- and technical experience that will servearship and insights." the Library well in this critical manage- Mr. Adamson joined the Renwick ment position." Gallery in 1991 as associate curator, then Diane Nester Kresh, director of Publicbecame curator and was senior curator Service Collections, said, "His broad andthere at the time he came to the Library. varied experience with pictorial materialsHe earned a B.A. in fine art (1967) and will be invaluable to the Library and toan M..A. in art history (1969), both from the Prints and Photographs Division inthe University of Toronto, and a Ph.D. in our continuing efforts to build the collec-the history of art in 1981 from the Uni- tions and to enhance access for the grow-versity of Michigan. Christina Tyler Weeks ing constituency for visual materials." A graduate of the Museum Man- Jeremy Adamson Said Mr. Adamson: "I am pleased toagement Institute, his career highlights join the Library at this exciting time.include serving as a curator of collec-rary Bulgarian Printmakers") and the Unparalleled for their range and depth,tions of pictorial materials at three major Smithsonian, drawing on a range of the collections in custody of the Printsmuseums: the , materials. and Photographs Division are trulyToronto; Glenbow Museum (where he The Prints and Photographs Division among the world's treasures, funda- also served as the head of the Art Depart- is responsible for acquiring, preserv- mental not only to understanding the ment) in Calgary; and the National Gal- ing, securing, processing and serving American experience in all its diversity, lery of Canada, . the Library's unique and vast collec- but to appreciating more fully the his- Mr. Adamson has extensive experi-tion of visual materials, which includes tory and cultures of other societies. ence in outreach and other special pro-more than 12 million photographs, fine "As chief, I look forward to workinggrams, having organized 15 museumand popular prints and drawings, post- closely with a highly professional and exhibitions at six institutions, includingers and architectural and engineering dedicated staff to continue to meetthe Library of Congress ("Contempo-drawings.

McCulloch-Lovell and attracted millions of dollars in pri-arts councils, individual artists and continued from page 131 vate contributions for hundreds of sitesartist residencies in schools. and artifacts, such as the Star-Spangled "I am eager to lead the Veterans His- The project will receive video- andBanner, the Thomas Edison National tory Project because I find it so compel- audio-taped and written accounts, as Historic Site, the cliff dwellings of Mesa ling. With 1,500 veterans dying every well as letters, diaries and photographs Verde and the USS Missouri. day, their stories die with them. We from war veterans and those who She was executive director of theneed to capture these memories so served in support of them. This willPresident's Committee on the Artsthat future generations may learn from become the first national collection ofand the Humanities where she pub-those who served," she said. these materials. lished a number of policy studies, The Library of Congress announced Ms. McCulloch-Lovell comes to theincluding Creative America, the 1997the project on Veterans Day 2000. A Library's American Folk life Centerreport to President Clinton on waysweb site was created to introduce the with 30 years of experience creatingto strengthen cultural life in America.project, give potential partners and cultural and historical programs in theFrom 1983 to 1994 she served as Chiefvolunteers guidelines and tell indi- public sector and has served as senior of Staff to Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.). viduals how they can participate staff in the U.S. Senate. Most recently, Ms. McCulloch-Lovell came to Wash-at www.loc.gov/folklife/vets. Repre- she was director of the White Houseington from Vermont in 1983, wheresentatives from the major veterans Millennium Council, which ran ashe had directed the Vermont Councilorganizations, military history offices, number of national programs and part-on the Arts, the state arts agency. Therethe U.S. Department of Veterans nerships to commemorate the millen-she was responsible for its annualAffairs, the Office of the Secretary of nium. She also led "Save America'sappropriations, private fund-raising,Defense and the Oral History Asso- Treasures," a national preservation ini-information services and grant-mak-ciation were briefed and consulted in tiative that was supported by Congress ing, including grants to communitylate January 2001.

132 INFORMATION BULLETIN 'Emerging Together' DOT Chief Delivers Asian Pacific Heritage Keynote

By AUDREY FISCHER Berkeley, Mr. Mineta joined the Army t is a long way from a Japanese and served as an intelligence officer Iinternment camp to the president's in Japan and Korea. He joined his Cabinet.Itis a journey that has father in the Mineta Insurance Agency been made by only one manU.S. before entering politics in California. Secretary of Transportation Norman He served as a member of the San Jose Y Mineta. When Mr. Mineta was City Council from 1967 to 1971 and its appointed secretary of commerce mayor from 1971 to 1974. This gave under President Clinton in June 2000, him the distinction of becoming the he became the first Asian American to first Asian Pacific American mayor of serve in the Cabinet. He was honored a major U.S. city. a second time, on Jan. 25, 2001, when During his tenure in Congress he was appointed by President Bush (1975-1995), he co-founded the Con- to his current position as secretary of gressional Asian Pacific American transportation. Caucus and served as its first chair- "I am very proud to stand before man. He was also the driving force you as a member of a presidential behind passage of H.R. 442, the Civil Cabinet, not once but twice," said Mr. Liberties Act of 1988, which officially Mineta, who delivered the 2001 Asian apologized for and redressed the injus- Pacific American Heritage Month tices endured by Japanese Americans keynote address at the Library on Norman Mineta during World War II. May 9. Invoking this year's theme, "It was a long effort, but it suc- "Asian Pacific Americans Emergingthe internment of innocent Japaneseceeded because we reached out to Together," he said, "It is possible toAmericans during Word War II. Americans from all walks of life with be able to go from there to here ... "More than120,000 Japanese Ameri-a wide variety of viewpoints," he together." cans were forced from their homes,"recalled. "They understood. This was "Events like this hold a special sig- recalled Mr. Mineta. "My family andproof to me that as Americans, regard- nificance for me," said Mr. Mineta.I were among them. "We were keptless of background, we are really more "While serving in the U.S. House ofbehind barbed wire for no reason alike than we are different. Each of us Representatives from the state of Cal-other than our race. No charges werehas an obligation to stand up for the ifornia, I worked with Congressmanfiled, no trials were held, no one spokerights of fellow Americansnot with Frank Horton from New York on a out on our behalf. We were told it wasrancor or bitterness, but with pride bill that designated May as Asianfor our own protection." and resolution." Pacific American Heritage Month. It Even at the young age of 11, this While changing the laws is diffi- provides an opportunity for Asians toseemed incongruous to him. "If it wascult, the process of changing minds, explain who we are, the diversity infor our own protection, then why werehearts and stereotypes is even harder, our conu-nunity and how oilr experi-the machine guns pointed at us?" =,^^^r-l;ng 4..-^ Mr. Min^t,. A ences have shaped us and the nation During this dark period in Americansurvey found that 25 percent of the we love." history, the Mineta family remainedAmerican public hold views about In a brief history lesson, Mr. Min-strong. Asian Americans that are character- eta explained that the month of May "My family did not give up hopeized by the pollster as "very negative" is significant since May 1843 markedand did not allow me to give up hopeand 43 percent hold views that are the first wave of Japanese immi-on this country," he said. "This experi- "somewhat negative." gration. The Transcontinental Rail-ence taught me that our Constitution According to Mr. Mineta, President road was completed in May ofand the rights and freedoms we holdBush has emphasized the goal of 1869, thanks to the work of Chinesedear are only as secure as the commit-becoming a "welcoming society." laborers. ment we bring with us." "This welcoming spirit is the heritage Despite this ancLother contribu- That commitment was demon-of this immigrant nation and the com- tions by Mon immigrants, Alienstrated by leaders in the Asian com-mitment of this administration," he Land Laws kept Asians from owningmunity who got together after thesaid. "No one should be subjected land and, in 1924, the Oriental Exclu-war to right the wrongs they expe-to unfair treatment because of their sion Act put an end to Asian immi-rienced. In 1952 the discriminatoryethnic group. This belief is central to gration. laws aimed at Asian Americans weregood and decent government." "There was a belief that Asians wererepealed. not truly Americans," said Mr. Mineta. The following year, after graduatingMs. Fischer is a public affairs specialist in This belief was undoubtedly behindfrom the University of California at the Public Affairs Office.

JUNE 2001 251 133 Evolution and Revolution Nature Writer Discusses Darwin in Bradley Lecture

By JOHN MARTIN effort, his "big book," over which thehop and a skip away from Darwin's II harles Darwin's Origin of Speciesauthor had agonized since 1854. Thetheory of evolution." is undeniably one of the mostfirst published edition of Origin of Charles Lyell, Britain's leading geol- significant books, if not the most sig-Species, a copy of which is held byogist and most influential scientist, nificant book, ever published in Eng-the Library, does not contain the "bigfound Wallace's 1855 paper disturbing. lish... one of the rare books in anybook's" vast bibliography, tables orA disciple of the prevailing theory of language that triggered a genuine rev- footnotes. While much of that dataspecies fixity, Lyell did not accept the olution in the way we humans see our-came from the author's own backyardconclusions implied by Wallace's find- selves, our relationship to the worldexperiments with insects and plants,ings. As Darwin's mentor and friend, and all other living creatures on theand would be discounted by modernhowever, he urged Darwin to publish planet." science, Darwin considered its inclu-his own theory before he was pre- So said well-known nature and sci- sion critical. empted. "I rather hate the idea of writ- ence writer David Quammen, as he "The Origin of Species that appeared ing for priority," Darwin wrote in reply, delivered the seventh Bradley Lecture in 1859," said Mr. Quammen, "was only "yet I certainly should be vexed if to an audience at the Library on May 7. the rough skeleton of a larger work,anyone were to publish my doctrines Funded by a grant from the Lynde andcontaining [in Darwin's view] notbefore me." Harry Bradley Foundation and hostedenough evidence, not enough expla- Instead of publishing in brief to hold by the Office of Scholarly Programs,nation, not enough intricate, logicalhis place against Wallace, however, the Bradley Lectures focus on "classic argument and no bibliog- texts that have mattered to Western cit-raphy or proper citation of izenship, statecraft and public policy." sources." Other books treated earlier include In June 1858 Darwin sud- Plato's Republic; ; denly stopped work on his ON Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in"big book" after receiving a America; von Clausewitz's On War;letter and manuscript from and, most recently, 'sAlfred Russel Wallace. A . young unknown, without THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES Educated at Yale University, Mr.Darwin's social or finan- Quammen received a Rhodes scholar-cial advantages, Wallace BY MEANS OF NATVRAL SELECTION, ship to Merton College, Oxford, wherehad spent years studying he studied English. He has written forspecies distribution in the Outside Magazine and is a two-timeMalay archipelago, then 11:1 TEM recipient of the National Magazineone of the most remote PRESERVATION Of/ PAVOURED RAMS IN TER STRUCIOLC Award. In 1996 he received an Acad-and biologicallydiverse POE uva. emyAward in literature from the Amer- regions on Earth. Observ- ican Academy of Arts and Letters for ing a strange pattern of spe- his essays and short fiction. He is thecies distribution in his trav- author of The Song of the Dodo (Scrib-els, Wallace had noticed ByORABLESpAIONTN,DIA, ner, 1996), which won the John Bur-that similar species were IIILLOA OD TIII1 COTAL, a =OM., umlaut, cm. nIcinnzo ,uro, 30171111411. Op 'ZICZAW1M O. 0. o. raof.o,-,t Sows:1 roughs Medal for nature writing and,found in proximity to one map Tan 00=1. most recently, a collection of essays, The another, both geographi- Boilerplate Rhino: Nature in the Eye of the cally and, based on the geo- Beholder (Scribner, 2000). logic record, in time. According to Mr. Quammen, Dar- Wallace had published a win's signature work, first publishedpaper in 1855, noting the in 1859, emerged amid a backdrop ofgeographic and chronolog- academic competition, personal crisis ical affinity of similar spe- LONDON: and public controversy. cies. "The law it described," JOAN MURRAY, ALBELIARLE STRUT. Written in a hurry and rushed tosaid Mr. Quammen, "was 1889. press, Origin of Species, which arguesjust a puzzling pattern of that living creatures change over time, species distribution. Wal- Ile "Olt/ Illoadatioa nwyetL evolving from one form to another bylace did not assert that the a process called "natural selection",pattern was the result of was not the work Darwin had initiallycommon ancestry or evo-The title page of Charles Darwin's ground- intended to write. Rather, it was a trun-lutionary change, but as ofbreaking work, from the Library's Rare Book cated version of a more encyclopedicthat paper, he was just acollections

134 INFORMATION BULLETIN so

Darwin redoubled work on his "big book." Standing at 250,000 words, the big book was only half done when Wallace's letter and manuscript arrived in June 1858. Wal- lace now attributed the strange pattern of species distribu- tion to evolution, or, as Quammen put it, "to one species UC-clJ 11 laasuititcs uy a Fl l-n-CDO us ,1auuas LI al LJ1V1- mation. The mechanism to account for it was differential survival and reproduction based on accidental adaptive advantage." "While Wallace didn't dub his theory 'natural selection,' his conceptual framework," said Mr. Quammen, "was vir- tually identical to Darwin's." Unaware that Darwin had been gestating his own theory, Wallace asked if Darwin would help him by forwarding his work to Lyell. Darwin now confronted a great dilemma. "He was being asked to midwife the announcement of a great ideahis own ideaunder the authorship of some- one else, a young nobody. ... He seems to have faced a deep crisis of disappointment, self-pity and taxed integ- rity, but he did forward Wallace's manuscript to Lyell, with the suggestion that it should be published." In July 1958 Wallace's paper was published in the journal of the Lin- naean society and, at Lyell's recommendation, prefaced by Darwin, under a joint title that implied a collaboration between the two. "Wallace," Quammen said, "knew noth- ing of this high-handed arrangement." Wallace's encroachment on his life's work finally spurred Darwin to action. Abandoning the fastidious "big book," he began writing a condensed version at a feverish pace. He suffered chronic nausea and headaches, retreating to a "quackish" water spa for relief. He endured the grave illness and death of his son. After only five days of mourn-Popular magazines used broad interpretations of ing, he returned to work on the book. Finally, on Nov. 3,Darwin's theory for comic relief. In a series, "Clubs 1859, the first edition of the now famous On the Origin ofWe Do Not Care to Join" from Life magazine, March Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of18, 1915, cartoonist Rea Irvin shows monkeys and Favored Species in the Struggle for Life, was published bymen socializing in "The Darwin Club." John Murray of London. "So much for my abominable volume," Darwin wroteQuammen, "whereas natural selection was new." New, con- his cousin in the autumn of 1859, "which has cost me sotroversial and, to some, dangerous. much labour that I almost hate it." "If a monkey becomes a man, what might not a man Origin of Species rocked the established scientific, reli-become?" thundered a review in The Athenaeum, an intel- gious and social order of the Victorian world. During thislectual journal of the time. As Mr. Quammen notes, Darwin period, theologians and scientists celebrated the happynever stated that monkeys become human. Nor did he at first convergence of their respective fields. Under the orthodoxuse the term "survival of the fittest." That phrase, introduced view, variety among living organisms was attributed toby philosopher Herbert Spencer to explain and justify social specific acts of creation. Darwinian evolution con-and economic disparity, eventually found its way into Dar- tradicted not only traditional religious teaching, but alsowin's fifth edition. the predominant scientific view, Essentialism, which held The continuing debate between Darwinism and creation- that species were fixed and attributed extinction to catas-ism is neither real nor winnable, Mr. Quammen suggests, as trophe rather than transformation. the one is a byproduct of science, the other an expression of Despite the controversy, the notion of transmutation infaith. living organisms has antecedents dating to classical Greek "Creationism has no place in any science curriculum," Mr. philosophers. Likewise, a recognition that living thingsQuammen stated. "Rather, it belongs in an early course, per- evolve appears in the work of 18th century French philoso-haps in junior high, in epistemology and the origins of ideas pher Denis Diderot, who speculated about a community ofand thought. ... Science is not logic; it is not mathematics. descent and posited the existence of one primeval animal. Theories can only be proven more and more likely as evidence In Darwin's own century, the French naturalist Lamarck,accrues and alternative explanations fall short." in his Philosophie zoologique, described a kind of evolution, "After 142 years," concluded Mr. Quammen, "Darwinian marked by a tendency in living things to greater complex-selection is still the default explanation by which every other ity, a response to environmental conditions and the inheri-evolutionary mechanic is measured." tance of acquired traits. "Species transmutation was an oldish idea," said Mr. Mr. Martin is an examiner in the Copyright Office.

JUNE 2001 t3(g 135 o

a

* s Documents of the 'Corps of Discovery' Lewis and Clark Materials Are Previewed

By GAIL FINEBERG Nearly 200 years ago, on Jan. 18, 1803, Presi- dent Thomas Jefferson sent a confiden- tial message to Congress requesting authoriza- tion to launch a secret military and scientific expedition, to be led by U.S. Army Capt. Meriwether Lewis, to explore the Missouri River basin and find a trade route through the uncharted West to the Pacific Ocean. That message in Jefferson's own hand, plus the original Nicholas King Map of North America, which guided the Corps of Discovery up the Missouri, and other Library-held man- uscripts, gave promoters of the Bicentennial of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 2003-2006, a tantalizing glimpse on April 4 of some 200 items they can expect to see in a preview exhi- bition at the Library in 2003 commemorating the epic journey. This display of documents from the Library's Nicholas King map (ca. 1803) used by the Lewis and Clark Manuscript Division, in addition to an expedi-expedition, with annotations by Meriwether Lewis, showing their tion journal and some other artifacts fromroute along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers the Missouri Historical Society, was part of a Lewis and Clark Bicentennial event sponsored by the bicam-divide, and the first to explore the ," Mr. eral, bipartisan Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Congressio-Ambrose said. The transcontinental expedition Lewis led nal Caucus as well as the National Council of the Lewis and "unified the country and began a process that united the Clark Bicentennial. American people." Representatives of nearly 20 federal agencies gathered in Observing that some of America's best minds worked on the Library's Jefferson Building to sign a national memoran-discovering nature during the 19th century and then on con- dum of understanding "to collaborate in commemoratingquering nature with machines and weapons during the 20th the Bicentennial of the Lewis and Clark Expedition." century, Mr. Ambrose said, "In the 21st century, the best Sen. Byron L. Dorgan (D-N.D.) and Rep. Doug Bereuterminds are working on how to restore nature." He described (R-Neb.), joined by members of Congress and national andtwo fragile Lewis and Clark Trail sites that were set aside state bicentennial officials, witnessed the signing ceremony, for protection as national monuments last fall and appealed listened to remarks of two historians whose scholarship hasto the Bush administration to join in efforts to preserve the helped to popularize the historic event of 1803-06 and stud-remaining natural world of the explorers. ied the documents and artifacts displayed. The Librarian of Gary E. Moulton, a University of Nebraska professor Congress offered welcoming remarks. who has edited the complete journals of Lewis and Clark, HistorianStephenspoke about the relevance of expedition journals, maps and Ambrose,authorofbotanical specimens to new scholarship. "Every time we Undaunted Courage: Meri-return to the journals, we learn new things," he said. For wether Lewis, Thomas Jef-example, he said, recent analysis of 200-year-old plant sam- ferson and the Openingples taken in the Mandan country help explain why the ofthe AmericanWest, party's hunters could find only one deer for 33 hungry suggested reasons formen: The plants in that particular area could not sustain an the commemoration. Theabundance of game. Lewis and Clark expedi- Among the Library's historical materials that early Ameri- tion was, he said, "ourcan history specialist Gerard Gawalt showed to the guests national effort, our odys-were Jefferson's detailed instructions, dated June 20, 1803, sey. The journals are ourto Lewis, to explore the Missouri River basin, conduct scien- national poem." tific and ethnographic studies and find a route to the Pacific Meriwether LewisOcean. "Significantly, the instructions were written before "was the first AmericanJefferson knew of the final Louisiana Purchase," Mr. Gawalt ever to go from tidewatersaid. "Jefferson was particularly concerned that the expe- Gail Fineberg to tidewater ... the first todition establish an American presence among the Native Stephen Ambrose stand on the continental continued on page 137

136 INFORMATION BULLETIN Chronicling John and Author David McCullough Discusses New Book

By CRAIG D'OOGE with a tribute to libraries: istorian and Pulitzer Prize-winning "Freedom is found through H1 lbiographer David McCulloughthe portals of our public spoke on "The Enduring Examples of libraries; this is the greatest of John and Abigail Adams" in a packed public libraries." Coolidge Auditorium on the night of He recalled writing his Tuesday, April 24. John Adams is thefirst history, The Johnstown subject of Mr. McCullough's newest Flood (1968), after seeing pic- book. tures of the 1899 flood in the The event, which was preceded byLibrary's Prints and Photo- an invitation-only dinner, was first pro-graphs Division. "I discov- posed by Rep. Tim Roemer (D -Ind.) toered my vocation here in honor John Adams and his family and tothis great library," he said. announce legislation that would autho- "I have done research on all rize the placement of a commemorativemy work here." 4 work in Washington to honor President Mr. McCullough told the Adams and his family. Rep. Roemeraudience that when he origi- introduced the bill (H.R. 1668) on May 1. nally set out to write about Mr. McCullough opened his remarksboth Adams and Thomas

Jefferson, he was worried r that Jefferson's stature and I 11 written record would over- whelm Adams's legacy. But , after he began to read the Gail Fineberg 6 G H David McCullough ,.. an MO O3 9 C!, thousands of Adams family , letters that survive, he real- ized that here was "one of the great sto-from his beloved wife. Fortunately for ries of our history." He dropped thehistory, they created a body of cor- plan to include Jefferson and decidedrespondence, which, because of the to concentrate on Adams. "absolute candor and vitality of their "No other collection of family paperswriting," allows us "to know them compares with it," he said. "Nothingbetter than any of the others at the else even comes close." The letters aretime," Mr. McCullough said. preserved on some five miles of micro- Adams believed in writing the way film and include exchanges that Mr. he spoke. "His prose has a directness, a McCullough characterized as "oftenmodern quality that makes it quite dif- reading like something out of Shake-ferent from anything eise written at the speare," with "command of languagetime," Mr. McCullough said. Judging that is enough to humble us all." from a number of examples he read out Ale During the early years of the Repub-loud, this was a family trait. lic, Adams spent long periods away "I have never had a better subject," the author of biographies of Truman and Theodore Roosevelt said. "He's Lewis and Clark whom Lewis and Clark dispatched good company, John Adams, and I continued from page 136 to Washington in 1804; a long have kept company with him for six letter to Jefferson from Lewis, who years." He described his association American tribes and secure theirannounced return of the expedition with Adams as "one of the most won- trading and diplomatic loyalties forto St. Louis on Sept. 23, 1806, and derful features of my writing life." the United States." recounted expedition highlights; and Mr. McCullough closed the evening Also on display were a key-worda press release, prepared by Jeffer- with a strong endorsement of the pro- cipher that Jefferson proposed Lewisson, announcing the return of the posed memorial to the Adams family, use to keep his expedition accounts Corps of Discovery to St. Louis. calling it "long-past time" for an honor secret; Jefferson's handwritten notes that was "absolutely deserved." he took during a "Speech of White-Ms. Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, hairs Great Chief of the Osages," the Library's staff newspaper. Mr. D'Ooge is a public affairs specialist in the Public Affairs Office.

JUNE 2001 25 S 137 <, Law Day 2001 Law Library of Congress Hosts Annual Event

BY NATALIE GAWDIAK tions offer many representations of he Law Library of Congress has lawyers in American culture. Further- Ta long-standing tradition of com- more, he noted, "We feel it is impor- memorating the American Bar Asso- tant to devote one day to reflect upon ciation's annual Law Day observance the role of lawyers and what it means on May 1. This year's event was car- to serve the ideal of law as an instru- ried out in two programs, the first ment of justice... [especially] when sponsored by the Friends of the Law globalization isa common theme Library of Congress and the second across the planet, and when nations under the auspices of the ABA and are seeking and hoping to find exem- several other partner institutions (see plary images of leadership. story on page 139). "Exemplary leadership," he contin- This year's Law Day theme, set ued, "in the field of law gains signifi- annually by the American Bar Asso- cance in a world that appears to show ciation, was "Protecting the Best Inter- a strong conviction that the rule of ests of the Child." Laura Lederer, law, as a pillar of social justice and director of the Protection Project of peace, is the best hope of humanity." the Foreign Policy Institute of the Paul In response to the question "Who H. Nitze School of Advanced Interna- are the paradigms for the lawyer as tional Studies at Johns Hopkins Uni- reformer in American culture?" mod- versity, gave a lecture on the growing erator Professor Hibbitts opened the worldwide problem of trafficking in evening's discussion by highlighting human beings, focusing especially on well-known and some lesser-known the younger victims of this crime. legal figures in a slide presentation of Ms. Lederer pointed out some areas outstanding reformers. Among those of the world where trafficking has been featured were Clarence Darrow, John particularly widespread and where Doar, Nicholas Katzenbach, Thurgood brothels have thrived, with women Marshall, William Kunstler, Mark and children forced into prostitution Willie "Skip" Swenson, Jr. Lane, Sen. Patrick J. Leahy (D-Vt.), Kirk or, as Ms. Lederer callsit, "mod- Laura Lederer Bloodworth, Barry Scheck, Mohan- ern-day slavery." Citing one espe- das Gandhi, James Meredith and Con- cially insidious instance, the speakerpart Leon Jaworski Public Programstance Motley. described a Russian trafficking oper-series "Representing the Lawyer in The panelists engaged in lively ation disguised as a legitimate over-American Culture." debate and expressed varying opin- seas employment agency. Applicants William S. Sessions, National Lawions in response to such questions were given standard job interviewsDay Chair, introduced the panel mod-as "How specifically has legal reform and experienced other aspects of aerator, Bernard Hibbitts, professor atbeen understood in the American con- typical employment agency, only tothe University of Pittsburgh Schooltext?" "What are its guiding principles be drugged, transported abroad, haveof Law. The distinguished panelistsand values?" "How has legal reform their passports stolen and be told that included Maxwell Bloomfield, pro-been understood and represented their families back home would be putfessor of history and law emeritus atas expressing popular will, exercis- at risk if they refused to cooperate. the Columbus School of Law of Cath-ing reason or realizing justice?" "Do Rescuing these victims and encour-olic University; Lani Guinier, a pro-American law schools foster reform?" aging them to testify to help bringfessor at Harvard Law School; andand "Where does the 'lawyers' reform' these perpetrators to justice requiresRonald Rotunda, Albert Jenner Jr.take place (e.g., litigation, adjudica- dedicated prosecutors and global legalProfessor of Law at the Universitytion, legislation, public opinion and cooperation, she noted. of Illinois College of Law. Serving asmedia, ethics, legal practice or tech- During the evening event, the Lawmoderator was Bernard Hibbitts, anology)?" among others. Library hosted a panel discussion onprofessor at the University of Pitts- Future programs in this series will "The Lawyer as Reformer" in partner-burgh School of Law. review the role of the American ship with the American Bar Associa- In his opening remarks, Law Librar-Lawyer as celebrity (Aug. 4, 2001), as tion Division on Public Education, theian Rubens Medina noted the Lawjudge (May 1, 2002), as rhetor and as ABA Standing Committee on the Law Library's longtime cooperative rela- citizen. Library of Congress and the Feder-tionship with the ABA. He also pointed ation of State Humanities Councils.out the appropriateness of the eve-Ms. Gawdiak is a writer-editor in the Law This program was the first of the five-ning's venue, as the Library's collec- Library.

138 INFORMATION BULLETIN Friends Honor D'Alemberte University President Receives Wickersham Award

By ANNE L. MERCER , he Friends of the Law Librarywho linked the two uni- Tof Congress presented the 2001versities by reminding Wickersham Award for "exceptionalthe audience that one public service and dedication to theofthefoundersof \ leeal profession" to Talbot "Sandy"Florida State was Tho- D'Alemberte, president of Floridamas Jefferson's grand- State University, on March 27. daughter. The publisher In the Chamber of the U.S. Supremeof theSt.Petersburg Court, Mr. D'Alemberte was recog-Times, Andrew Barnes, nized for the diverse and importantrecalled a trying time array of initiatives that he has beenwhen Mr. D'Alemberte involved in during his career as aassisted the newspaper lawyer, state legislator, bar associa-with an important case. tion official, professor and university Mr. D'Alemberte's president. co-founder in CEELI, During thereceptionintheHomer Moyer of Miller Supreme Court's Great Hall, Asso-& Chevalier, tried to ciate Supreme Court Justice Sandraremember whose idea Day O'Connor welcomed the groupit was to create CEELI. to the court and reminisced about"The truth, which youAssociate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor with her association with Mr. D'Alem-must never repeat," saidSandy D'Alemberte, 2001 Wickersham Award berte. Law Librarian of CongressMr. Moyer, "is that itwinner, at the Supreme Court Rubens Medina, also welcoming thewas Sandy's." Sen. Bob attendees, remarked that the "LawGraham (D-Fla.) discussed working The Law Library of Congress is Library of Congress, which has ain the Florida House of Represen-the largest and most comprehen- truly global outlook, as expressed intatives with Mr. D'Alembetre. F.sive source of legal information in our collections and the diversity ofChesterfield Smith, who describedthe world and a research center for our staff, is particularly pleased thatboth himself and Mr. D'Alemberte asforeign, international and compar- the Wickersham Award is going"lawyers from small towns," madeative law. The Friends of the Law to an individual who has demon-a humorous and engaging tribute toLibrary of Congress is a national strated a similar dedication to thehis long-time friend and protégé. nonprofit group that encourages more universal dimensions of law Following the remarks, Abe Krash,awareness of and support for the as evidenced by his central role inpresident of the Friends and masterLaw Library.The Wickersham founding the Central and Easternof ceremonies, presented the award,Award is named for George Wicker- European Law Initiative." and Mr. D'Alemberte offered hissham (1858-1936), who, with other Mr. D'Alc-mbcrte was the presidentilianks and gratitude for the warmnoted jurists, attorneys and schol- of the American Bar Association inremarks offered by the speakers. ars, conceived the Friends as a way 1991-1992 and, together with Homer Members of the dinner's honoraryto help build a great national law Moyer, co-founded the Central East-committee who attended includedlibrary. Wickersham was a partner ern European Law Initiative at thatWilliam T. Coleman Jr., winner ofin the firm of Cadwalader, Wick- time. CEELI, a project of the ABA, isthe 1997 Wickersham Award; Deanersham & Taft, a benefactor at this based on the principle that Ameri-Katherine Broderick, David A. Clarkeyear's dinner. can lawyers can offer help in estab-School of Law at the University of the Three additional benefactors pro- lishing human rights and effectiveDistrict of Columbia; Dean Robertviding major support for the 2001 legal institutions in the countriesDestro, Columbus School of LawWickersham Award dinner were of the former Eastern Bloc and theat Catholic University of America; Inc. and the former Soviet Union. Dean Claudio Grossman, Washing-St. Petersburg Times, Lexis-Nexis and Following dinner the group movedton College of Law at American Uni-West Group. Patron supporters were to the court's chamber, where sev-versity; and Dean Michael Young,BNA Inc. and Dun & Bradstreet. eral friends and associates of Mr.George Washington University Law D'Alemberte offered tributes. RobertSchool. Dean Donald Weidner of theMs. Mercer is the executive director Stein, executive director of the Amer-Florida State University College ofof the Friends of the Law Library of ican Bar Association, made the open-Law was one of several attendees Congress. For more information about ing remarks. He was followed bywho made the trip from Tallahassee the Friends or the Wickersham Award, John T. Casteen III, president of theto attend this special evening. contact her at (202) 707-5076.

JUNE 2001 p0A-60 139 0

Rare Book Forum Relationship of Private Collectors, Libraries Discussed

BY DANIEL DE SIMONE cial Collections at the University ofnant force in the book market. Special- he relationship between libraries and Chicago. Ms. Schreyer spoke on "Elec- collection librarians were also becom- Tprivate collectors of rare books wastive Affinities: Private Collectors anding more dependent on the growing the subject of the first Library of Con-Special Collections in Libraries." demands of the institutions in which gress Rare Book Forum, held April 4. Her remarks set the tone for thethey worked. As their responsibilities The Rare Book and Special Collec-entire forum by outlining the histori-evolved, the administration and inte- tion Division and the Center for thecal relationship between collectors andgration of the collections became the Book have established this new serieslibraries. Ms. Schreyer focused on thefocus of their job. Consequently, the based on a program organized by theyears 1890 to the present, which shegoals of private collectors and special- center and sponsored by Mrs. Charlesdivided into three eras. The first wascollection librarians began to diverge. Engelhardt in the 1980s. This newthe formative period from 1890 to the The third period Ms. Schreyer dis- series is designed to address currentend of the 1930s, when great wealth cussed is the current one. The contem- issues important to the rare book com-was being converted into cultural mon-porary special collections department munity. uments across America. Men such asis, in most cases, a complex organiza- Nearly 200 private collectors, bookPierpont Morgan (Morgan Library intion dedicated to serving its readers sellers and librarians attended the firstNew York City), Henry Edwards Hun-and ensuring the accessability of its col- program, "Private Collectors and Spe-tington (Huntington Library in Sanlections. The task of the librarian or cial Collections Libraries." Interest in Marino, Calif.) and Henry Clay Folgercurator is no longer focused on collec- the topic was reflected in the fact (Folger Shakespeare Library in Wash-tion development but on information that some librarians traveled great dis-ington, D.C.) were forming huge librar-input and retrieval. Formerly, the suc- tances to attend, and many prominenties and constructing palaces to housecessful cultivation of collectors by rare private collectors and rare book sellerstheir collections. Others from the samebook staff entailed an intimacy with also participated. period were building collections andbooks, usually in a setting inviting The Librarian of Congress opened thedonating them to university libraries.to private collectors. But the modern program by expressing his hope thatDuring this period the first special-col-library complex does not conform to this new series would stimulate discus-lections departments were conceived,this model, making it more difficult for sion and generate an active relationship and private collectors were courted the special-collection librarian to reach among all members of the rare bookby university administrators eager toout to the private collecting commu- world. He focused on the importantbuild giant research collections. nity. According to Ms. Schreyer, the role played by private collectors in After World War II, the second period modern library, with its special collec- building library collections and preserv-Ms. Schreyer examines, the nature oftions division dedicated to informa- ing important historical and literary arti-the private collector changed, as didtion, has alienated the private collector facts for future generations. The Librar- the institution to which he or she wasat the very time when the collector has ian spoke of the "collector's instinct,"so inextricably connected. The periodbecome the dominant force in the for- how it was developed and how, oversaw the rise of the educated individ-mation of rare book collections. time, it became refined and focused.ual as collector and philanthropist. The Yet given this new reality, Ms. He gave examples from his own lifemodern collector had more specialized Schreyer believes that not all collectors and suggested that collection-buildingknowledge and collecting focus. Less-have given up on special collections was one of mankind's most basic urges.ing J. Rosenwald, Henry W. and Albert departments. She cites the enormous Many of these collections have bene-A. Berg, Arthur Houghton, Williamgift of the Carter Burden Collection fited libraries and museums. LookingScheide, Tracy W. McGregor and J.K.of first editions of modern American at the development of the Library ofLilly formed significant collections thatauthors to the Morgan Library and Congress holdings, he mentioned a fewwere donated, becoming part of theLloyd Cotsens's unparalleled gift of his of the extraordinary collections builtfoundation on which university librar- children's literature collection to Princ- by individuals. The most notable pri-ies built their special-collection pro-eton. She said that at the University of vate collection, acquired by the Librarygrams. Major collectors were cultivated Chicago there is still a strong interest in 1815, was the personal library ofby institutions, and librarians werein the library by private collectors, and Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson collecteddedicated to developing programs and she encouraged many of the collectors broadly and in great depth and his col-exhibitions that reflected the collec-in the audience to take another look at lecting philosophy is the basis for thetions they were receiving. At the sametheir local special collection libraries. Library's acquisitions policies. time, this period saw the rise of the spe- She concluded by quoting from an Following introductions by John Y.cial collections librarian, who devel-article written by Randolph Adams in Cole, director of the Center for the oped a role as collection-builder inde-the 1950 edition of the New Colophon Book, and Mark Dimunation, chief ofpendent of the private collector. In timecalled, "How Shall I Leave My Books the Rare Book and Special Collectionslibrarians and collectors sometimesto a Library?" This article addressed Division, the first speaker of the morn-became competitors, and by the 1970s some of the concerns of collectors about ing was Alice Schreyer, curator of Spe-institutions became the most domi-donating books to special collections 140 < '62 INFORMATION BULLETIN s libraries and included a list of questionstwo groups began to wither, manywhat they would be collecting. He said a collector should ask himself beforecollectors simply lost interest in deal- that younger people, more comfortable making a gift: "Which library? Are youing with institutions. Simultaneously, with computers than rare books, will satisfied that the library understandsanother change was taking place. Theneed greater attention and more guid- what you are giving it? What is the book trade and the auction houses wereance if they are to become familiar with record of that library with respect totaking the responsibility of educating and passionate about rare books.. such gifts? What are you doing to bethe new collectors who were entering Mr. Diminuation was the moderator sure that your books will be kept in thethe market. This vital role of education, of the panel discussion, and he began same condition they are now in? Areonce the hallmark of many special col-by allowing each panelist to make a you making conditions about the dis-lections libraries, had been abandoned brief statement. The panelists were posal of duplicates, and are you sure thatto the book trade, a group eager to culti- Selby Kiffer, senior vice president of anyone on the staff of the library of yourvate new customers by providing guid- Sotheby's, Merrily E. Taylor, univer- choice knows a duplicate when he seesance and other assistance in the forma-sity librarian of Brown University, and one? Do you know that the library oftion of collections. two private collectors, Edmond Lin- your choice will service your books coln of New York and John War- with due regard to bibliographical nock of San Jose. scholarship, physical care and the pecial collections Mr. Kiffer and Ms. Taylor needs of intelligent readers? What librarians must dedi- reflected the institutional perspec- provision is the library making for tives they represented. Mr. Kiffer the expansion, growth and evolu- cate more time and talked about the auction houses tion of your collections?" and their interactions with collec- Similarly, libraries must askeffort in reaching out to tors, especially those selling books. themselves questions when dis-collectors and educating For him, the job of Sotheby's was cussing a gift from a private col- to represent the seller and to obtain lector. Will the proposed gift sup- them on the benefits of the highest price for the collection, port the institution's programs or special collections programs whether the buyer was another col- curriculum? Will it add to or create lector, a dealer or an institution. strength to given collections? Will if the tradition of private col- Merrily Taylor spoke about it stimulate research or help recruit Brown's long history with book new staff? What are the preser-lectors donating their books collectors and how the university's vation consequences of the col- to institutions is to continue. collections were formed by both lection? Will the gift come with gift and purchase. Today, much of supplementary funds? Are the her energy is focused on finding expectations of the donor reasonable? The most provocative speaker of thethe resources to support the special col- William Reese, president of the Wil-morning was Robert Jackson, a notedlections staff. She said it was hard to liam Reese Co., picked up where Ms.private collector from Cleveland, whooverestimate the competition within Schreyer left off, with "What Havetook some of Mr. Reese's themes andinstitutions for resources. You Done for Me Lately? Collectorsplaced them in personal context. Like Ms. Schreyer, Ms. Taylor said and Institutions in Modern Times." Mr. In "Will the Collectors of Today Beher staff in special collections had excel- Reese, a well-known book seller fromthe Donors of Tomorrow?," Mr. Jack-lent relations with collectors. New Haven, Conn., analyzed the rela-son explained his own experience as The two remaining members of the tionship between collectors and librar- a collector and how, over the manypanel differed sharply from each other ies through the changing patterns inyears he has collected books, it wasin their views. Edmond Lincoln has the book market. Over the past fewonly recently that he began to interactbuilt a collection of architecture books, decades private collectors have oncewith special collections librarians. Forbooks on ornamentation and engrav- again come to dominate the market.Mr. Jackson, it was the rare book tradeing, and antiquarian bibliography over Large and diverse collections werethat nurtured his interest, engaged histhe past 30 years. He spoke about his being formed outside normal insti-imagination and whetted his appetitelong association with the Winterthur tutional frameworks, and as librariesto build his collections. One wouldMuseum Library. As a high school continued to focus on organizationhave thought that special collectionsstudent, Mr. Lincoln volunteered in rather than collection development,librarians would have wanted to seekthe library and became close to Frank fewer and fewer collectors were inter- out high-profile collectors like Mr. Jack- Somers, the noted curator of rare books. acting with library specialists. son, but in his many years in the fieldHe learned about the library's collec- Mr. Reese told how diminishing bud- that has rarely happened, he said. Spe-tions, the and book gets, escalating prices and increasingcial collections librarians must dedicateillustration, and most important, he administrative responsibilities causedmore time and effort in reaching outlearned about the vital function special many librarians to loose touch withto collectors and educating them oncollections libraries serve in the schol- both the market and those who partici-the benefits of special collections pro-arly community. Because of his expe- pated in it. In addition, may institutionsgrams if the tradition of private col-rience, he has maintained close ties changed the emphasis of their outreachlectors donating their books to institu-with Winterthur and is active on one programs and began tapping collectorstions is to continue. of its boards. His relations with librar- for money rather than for their collec- Mr. Jackson then discussed whoies and librarians are therefore quite tions. As the relationship between thefuture book collectors would be and continued on page 148 JUNE 2001 262 141 World Treasures Library Opens New Gallery of Global Collections

By CRAIG D'OOGE "World Treasures of the Library of frEHE B---2GNN-NG Congress" is a permanent rotat- GOD CREATED THE HEAVEN AND THE EARTH. (IAND THE EARTH WAS WITHOUT FORM, AND VOID: AND ing exhibition on view in the DARKNESS WAS UPON THE FACE OF THE DEEP. & THE SPIRIT OF GOD MOVED UPON THE FACE OF THE WATERS Northwest Gallery of the Thomas (And God said, Let thrte be light: &rhrorwonEpAdOnwthnIi that k was good : & God divided the light from the darkness. And God Jefferson Building, 10 First St. the fight Day, and the daticness he called Night. And the evening and the mommg were the first day. ([And God said, Let there bra firmament in the S .E . Exhibition hours are Monday midst of the waters, &let a divide the waters from the waters. And God made firnument. and divided the waters whkh were tmder the firtnament born through Saturday, 10 a.m. to 5 the waters which wen above the firmament & it was so. And Cd oiled the fimument Heaven. And the evening & the morning were the second day. p.m. The exhibition is made pos- filAnd Gcd mid. Let the waters under the heaven be gathrted together unto one place, md kr the dry land appear and ir wu so. And God called the dry sible by a grant from the Docu- land Earth and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good And God suck Let the earth bring forth gems. the herb ment Company Xerox. yielding sted, and the fruit R. yieldMg fruit after, his kmd, v.th.seed is in itself. upon the earth: & it was so. And the earth brought forth gonrr. & herb A new permanent exhibi- yielding seed after, his kind, & the tree yielding fruit, whose was in itself, after his kind :and God saw duck was good. And the evening &the morning tiondevotedtothe were the thinl day. ([And God said, Let there be lights in the fimument of du heaven to divide the day from the night: and krthem be for signs, and for Library's foreign collections, seasons, and for days, & years: and let them Iselin lights in the Ennamrto of the heaven to give light upon the earth & was m. And Gal made two great "WorldTreasuresofthe lights, the greater light to rule the day. and the laser light to ruk the night :he made the stars also. And God set them in the finnament of the heaven to give Library of Congress," is on light upon the earth, and to rule over die day and over do night, & to divide thelilh: frornche darknss:e and God saw that it was good. And the evening view in the Northwest Gallery g the fourth day. e And God said. Let the Wart. bring forth aburlandy the moving errantry that huh life, and fowl that may fly of the Jefferson Building. The above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. And God created great Edward Johnston designed the first whales, & every liviitg creature that move& which the waters brought forth rotating exhibition, with indi- abundandy. after thor kind. & every winged fowl after his kind: & Crtd saw page of the English Bible from the that it was god. And God blessed them, saying. Bc fruitful, & multiply, and vidual items changing from 01 the wamrs in the seas, and kt fowl Find*, in the earth. And the evening Doves Press (1903-05); a Tibetan & the morning were the fifth day. GAnd God said. Let the earth bring forth the living mature afrtr his kind, male, and creeping thing. and beast of the "Mandala of Auspicious Beginnings" time to time, will explore a earth aftrt his kind and it was srt And God nude the beast of the earth after series of universal themes. his kmd, and cattle after their kind, and every thmg that creepeth upon the from the 19th century served as Under the first theme, "Begin- .7 a teaching aid in a compilation of nings," the exhibition will pres- Mahayana Buddhist teachings. ent a wide variety of rare and unusual items that relate to the originsuniverse, explanations of the heavenstion of the Hebrew Bible that was not of civilization and culture. The newand various ways of ordering time.completed because of Hitler's rise to exhibition, like the "American Trea-"Earth" showcases different views ofpower; an 18th century Dutch Refor- sures" exhibition across the Great Hall, Earth, early maps, the spiritual world,mation Bible; and woodcut illustra- was made possible by a grant from theearly science and children's stories. tions by El Friede Abbe for lines from Document Company Xerox. "Recording the Experience," exam-the Old Testament and Milton's Para- "This exhibition will afford theines the various ways humanity hasdise Lost in a modern limited edition Library the opportunity to show visi-recorded and preserved the past, inprinted in Vermont. tors materials from every corner of thewritten, printed and oral form. Various accounts of creation are rep- globe," said Dr. Billington. "For 200 resented by an illustration depicting years, the Library of Congress has been Creating the worship of Oxalufan, the god of collecting items in nearly every lan- The exhibition opens with religiouscreation in Candomble, an Afro-Brazil- guage and format, a tradition begun by texts from the traditions of Islam, Bud-ian religion of Yoruba origin that com- Thomas Jefferson. Now the visitor todhism, Taoism, Judaism and Christi-bines African and Catholic elements; Washington and our Web site will beanity. The first two pages of a 19ththe poem "The Creation" by African able to enjoy the international collec- century hand-copied Koran are illumi-American.poet James Weldon Johnson tions of the world's largest library." nated in gold, green, blue and red. In(1871-1938); a French edition of Ovid's The exhibition is organized in threeseven short verses, the "Fatiah" sumsLes Metamorphoses from the18th parts: "Creating," "Explaining and Order- up man's relation to God in prayer.century; a creation myth of Japan ing" and "Recording the Experience." A Tibetan "Mandala of Auspiciousillustratedby Hosoda Tominobu "Creating" presents materials underBeginnings" was created during the(1783-1828); a modern lithograph illus- five headings: "Creation Accounts and same century to serve as a teaching aidtration of the Mayan view of creation; Depictions," "First Human Beings,"for a compilation of Mahayana Bud-a Balinese painting from the Margaret "Positing a State of Nature," "Societaldhist teachings. Mead papers showing the "World Ser- Beginnings" and "Rule of the Law." A large 12th century Chinese scrollpent Creating the World Turtle"; the "Explaining and Ordering" exam-depicts the "eight immortals," one of15th century Nuremberg Chronicle, illus- ines how mankind has explained and the most famous folk tales of Chinesetrated with more than 1,800 woodcuts; ordered the universe in attempting to Taoism. The Christian and Jewish tra-a folk tale from Botswana; the first edi- cope with it. This section is dividedditions are represented by an Arts andtion orchestral score of Haydn's "The into two parts: "The Heavens," with Crafts-style Bible from the Doves Press Creation"; William Blake's etching of items depicting different views of the (1903-1905); the first volume of an edi- the creator at work with a set of huge

142 INFORMATION BULLETIN calipers; and an edition of the Kalevala, ,Ir. Finland's national folk epic from the library of Czar Nicholas H. Aitx1§1 TURENT AcHEVE, LçJMot Images of Adam and Eve figure toiLAMARC . prominently in the section devoted to ET Grelfr OCE "the first people," in Albrecht Dnr- E.X.iiT E. ua er's engraving of 1504, a French book i LA TEMEn of hours from the 15th century, illus- trations commissioned by William Morris from Edward Burne-Jones for an edition of the Bible he planned to publish and an Armenian manuscript from the 17th century. More exotic versions are referenced in Aristophanes' description of the first wirdelicwIttmalledalltfu= man (as cited in Plato's Symposium)From La plus vielle histoire du monde (The Oldest Story of the World) with his circular body, who "couldtold by a modern French illustrator, Francoise Seignobosc, 1931; William walk upright as men now do" or "rollBlake's Urizen as Creator of the Material World, 1794; "Beresheet," over and over at a great pace, turningmeaning "in the beginning"the first word of the first volume of a on his four hands and four feet," or thenever-completed German edition of the Hebrew Bible, 1933 story of Pangu, the creator according to Chinese mythology, who created the world from his body, both of which are represented in modern editions. -tr----- A facsimile edition of a codex con- taining the creation myth of the Mixtec Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico, shows the primordial twins, Serior and Seliora One Deer, at work with copal (a type of incense) and ground tobacco creat- ing the Mother and Father of the Gods, while the chief Norse God, Odin, and his two brothers are seen in a modern IntIre' ma rim :tr.+ r;51 Imo ry.5 cr,17ti tvz Norwegian edition creating the first 7.1i4 :07:p 7iip-$2 rctrx cntrn'i trn vim lari-'72 V!! man and woman from logs found on to zirz tigriv crtts tc.ri :Imr.tri I*, 7 171* 'nettIM'' i`11 irn*Ktitn] :IT;nn r;I "ntgl r; Creki the seashore. irlli VA73 15 :V* VI! 174"rn 7.1rrrn rert trx Influential speculations on early 5,rbts tio :TO irp 17 'rtivr,rn crgt It); ZVI 'Tr. TNntnrr rtt rittim 'ITN trto T.; 'to tervritc people in an abstract "state of nature" --,o TIN 2Tt cr.rN men :1;-"M rrh '70 are represented by a first edition of '515rttr Ilt715 1576r1 tr 15.111 IPA" 15,TP 1517-0 rikk hair', . rtki Ntren ornin Tv/Mr-111M Itt$ Mtn; Rousseau's Du Contrat Social; Hobbes's oti'm "rtttn :mit"Z wl:1 7t5 brIn 177. tile rnr rxer Leviathan (1651); Locke's Essay on vti.6,0^117 Iv "iv r.? rb ir7ro nvv. weit-i4," Kno it rlro :JR 1CTi rii

JUNE 2001 r /4 143 C * o

that attempt to answer fundamental CO-, ERNICI cosmological questions are displayed, ,;.,t, nt,lnquotcmcurbclwariqUamepiydoCOthPi crgEN,. diaimus. Quinm icio; Venus mono menfe reducitur4Senum beginning with the astronomical theo- .dmicp locum Moloch,' Mia,oChiagincidierum fpado circa tilreRegymawilvt.,4A*At_PI rk aAi correns.in incdio ucrOomniummadet Sol. Qciis co/min hoc ries of Levi ben Gersom written in the 14th century. A 13th century French version of the influential De proprieta- ,---1 tibus rerum by Bartholomaeus is found here as well. This work preserved both medieval and classical learning for more than two centuries, includ- ing Ptolemy's scheme of the planets 0 and Aristotle's scheme of the four ele- ments of fire, ether, water and earth. Descartes' Principia philosophiae of ET 1644 shows the planets carried by vor- iryyiv ITT 1 1111111 11 tices around the sun, while another edition of Bartholomaeus shows his AK-- .pulehirimo templolampadem bane in alio ad meliorflocopo mcric,qubilunde mum Band point illuminare:Siquidem Om, conception of the planets contained in itswain-.iornfR vii Z- t_ .. ineprequidim (=main mundi,aln mernem, abl reflortm Una horizontal bands...... 0, cant: Trimcgiflus nifibdein Deum,Soiahoclis Elmira inmena ....._,.... 'omnia.ha profab tineinam in folio mgaliSolreficiena circum The first telescopic drawings of the ,..{ = 'dgentan gubci.nat Aftromm familiam. Tenn, quoc# Minima :,... ,,_,...... fraudarm hMari , fed m Ariflotaa de animalibus moon, by Galileo, are contained in a lOn.roacOn2 Luna Cu tirricognUione habet.Concipit Miami ...... ,,,-.. ,Solccerra ;impregnator' ininuo pitw. hiuminnis ignite fob book of his published in 1655, while Petrus Apianus (1495-1552) published his version of the Ptolemaic system On 1481, Konrad von Megen-in a lavishly illustrated volume ded- berg depicted the universeicated to Charles V in 1540. Three as a series of horizontalyears later, Copernicus displaced the bands inhis Buch derEarth, and man, from the center of Natur (Book of Nature); thethe cosmos with the publication of 1543 publication of Nico-De Revolutionbus Orbium Coelestium, laus Copernicus' evidencewhich also is on view. An early armil- that the earth revolvesliary sphere is contained in a Chinese around the sun changedbook originally printed in 1461, dis- Western thought; a late-17thplayed here in an 18th century edi- century map of the worldtion. A woodcut of God resting on by Islamic writer `Umar binthe seventh day after creating heaven Muzaffar Ibn al-Wardi; a 20th and Earth, from the 15th century, was centuryTibetan astrologicalcopied and reinterpreted for the next "thangka" shows signs andtwo centuries. symbols of the universe. Other writings and illustrations that attempt to explain the heavens include a mandie" (1483); the "Huejotzingomodern Tibetan astrological "thangka" Codex" (1531), a pictorial record ofthat depicts the Bodhisattva of Knowl- tribute paid by the Indians of centraledge as a giant tortoise, an ancient Mexico to Spain; a miniature manu-Egyptian zodiac reproduced in a Napo- script of the Magna Carta from theleonic atlas of Egypt that established 14th century; and a contemporarythe modern science of Egyptology, a printing of the Russian "Magna Carta" 17th century Persian celestial globe, a that outlines rights granted to noblesJapanese book of observations of lunar by Empress Catherine II in 1785. eclipses published in 1697, a Dutch celestial atlas of 1708 and star charts Explaining and Ordering from 1729 and some whimsical astron- How mankind explains and ordersomy cards created by a British designer the universe is the theme of the nextin 1825. major section of the exhibition. On Various ways of ordering time on a star-lit night, a lone figure sits indisplay include a 19th century manu- a boat with his head thrown back,script facsimile of an Aztec calendar gazing in awe at the heavens (seewheel, the 15th century Calendarium cover) in a woodcut by the Ameri-that began civilization's transition to can artist Rockwell Kent (1882-1971). the Gregorian calendar and ancient This illustration can be viewed as ancalendars from the Japanese, Balinese, emblem for this section of the exhi-Jewish and Tibetan cultures. bition. Works from many cultures A selection of different views of the

144 INFORMATION BULLETIN * Earth begins with a 15th cen- tury "T-0" map that shows the upper part of the world devoted to Asia, with Europe and Africa on each side of the "T" and all 'three continents encircled by an ocean. A snake keeps the Earth in place by biting its tail in a Dogon map, while the Lord of Death holds the six realms of existence in a Tibetan "Wheel of Life." A modern illustration by the Chi- cana Ester Hernandez depicts the Earth Mother. Other maps on display include a portolan chart of 1559, the first city atlas (the Civitates orbis terrarum of 1572-1618) and a 1482 edition of Ptolemy's Cosmographia. The spirit world is represented by 17th century illustration of an alchemist; an amulet to protect women in childbirth from SeferSpecimens of the earliest known mov- Raziel (The Book of Raziel) (1793),able type, Chinese characters used in a popular book of practical kab-Korea in the 1230s; this tablet balah; an Akuaba doll carriedfrom Mesopotamia, 2039 B.C., is one of by pregnant women in Ghana;the earliest examples of writing. a magic bowl from seventh cen- tury Mesopotamia that was buried in the foundation of a build- ing to trap evil powers; and oracle bones from the Shang Dynasty (1766-1123 B.C.) that are engraved with the earliest forms of Chi- nese handwriting. Great scientific treasures include Newton's Principia Mathemat- ica (1687), Hooke's Micrographia (1665), Darwin's Origin of Species (1859), a 17th century copy of an Arab work on science and alchemy by Al-Tughra'i, Vesalius's De humani corporis (1543), a manuscript page from 1410 showing the astrological symbols linked to parts of the body, a survey of Chinese herbal medicine, a popular book on science (The Work of Tobias) by the physician Tobias Cohen (1652-1729), the first illustrated medical text and an English edition of the work of the Swedish botanist Linnaeus. "Why?" is one of the most frequently asked questions by chil- dren, and a collection of books known as "pourquoi tales" from the Library's collection of children's literature answer such ques- tions as "Why mosquitoes buzz," "How the giraffe got such a long neck" and "How the spirit of the sun came to man." Recording the Experience The final section of "World Treasures" presents a sampling of rare artifacts, writings and relating to the way man has captured his "beginnings," from the earliest example of writ- ing housed in the Library of Congress (a cuneiform tablet from 2039 B.C.); one of the earliest examples of musical notation in the world, on a Tibetan manuscript; the Library's oldest example of Chinese printing, a Buddhist sutra dated A.D. 975.; the earliest known movable type, Korean metal type cast in the 1230s; and the first book printed in the Western Hemisphere, a Mexican cat- echism from 1543. Part of a collection of hyakumargo dharani The exhibition will be on view indefinitely, with objects rotating(1 million pagoda charms) commissioned by throughout the year. An sampling of the exhibition may be viewedJapanese Empress Shtoku between 764 and online at www.loc.gov/exhibits. 770. Printing on these three strips of rice paper is the second oldest extant example of printing Mr. D'Ooge is a public affairs specialist in the Public Affairs Office. in the world.

JUNE 2001 .266 145 'A Petal from the Rose' Drawings by Elizabeth Shippen Green on Display

By MARTHA H. KENNEDY her work. The exhibition "A Petal from the Rose: Illustrations byhighlights outstanding Elizabeth Shippen Green," opens June 28 examples that also suggest in the Swann Gallery of Cartoon and Cari- the breadth of her accom- cature in the Jefferson Building and willplishments in the field of remain on view through Sept. 29. Hours for illustration. the exhibition are 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Monday Born into an old Phila- through Saturday. delphia family, Green was Life Was Made for Love and Cheer (1904), encouraged in her artistic a beautiful watercolor by illustratorinterests by her father, who Elizabeth Shippen Green (1871-1954), ishad studied art and worked singular among many she created, for it as an artist-correspondent contains allusions to concrete and intan-during the Civil War. She gible elements vital to her as an artistattended private schools in and a human being. In this complexPhiladelphia, then studied scene she depicts herself, her equallywith Thomas Anshutz and gifted colleagues and house mates JessieRobert Vonnoh at the Penn- Willcox Smith and , andsylvania Academy of Fine other friends enjoying one another'sArt from 1889 to 1893. In company amid the blooming grounds1894, when she pursued of the Red Rose Inn, one of the homes training with Pyle, possibly that the three artists shared. The title,the most gifted American taken from Henry Van Dyke's poem teacher of illustration, Green published opposite the image in Harp-met Smith and Oakley, with er's Monthly, mirrors the artist's positive whom she became lifelong approach to her life and work. friends. She published her Green achieved remarkable successfirst drawing at the age of as a professional illustrator during 18 in the Philadelphia Times; America's golden age of illustration,this illustration accompa- especially given how competitive thenied "Naughty Lady Jane," field was at that time. Winning an exclu- a poem she wrote about a sive contract with Harper's Monthly inchild and her doll. Ambi- 1901 immediately elevated her intotious and hard working even the select company of famed illustra-when very young, Green Life Was Made for Love and Cheer, 1904 tors such as Edwin Austin Abbey and took on professional assign- . This was an impressivements while still a student, making pendrawings visually echo the grounds accomplishment in an era when maleand ink drawings of women's fashionsand gardens of these homes. Life Was illustrators received most such choiceand illustrations for children's stories,Made for Love and Cheer, created while offers. Such recognition also enabledthen advancing to line and halftonethey lived at the Red Rose Inn, cel- her to become one of the better paidillustrations for St. Nicholas, Women'sebrates the happy, privileged life the professionals of her day. As one of theHome Companion and the Saturday Eve- three artists had together. The Red Rose celebrated artistic triumvirate knownning Post. She credited Pyle with teach-Girls enjoyed unique bonds of friend- as "The Red Rose Girls," Green anding her the importance of imagining,ship that intertwined the personal and her friends Smith and Oakley becamethen realizing the dramatic momentthe professional. All three took part guiding luminaries for the growing key to illustrating a narrative text. in group exhibitions in Philadelphia number of women illustrators who For 14 years Green and her twoat the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine emerged at the turn of the century. Herfriends shared studio homes, mostArts and the Plastic Club (the first work shares similarities with that ofnotably at the Red Rose Inn and Cog-viable women's art organization in the other women in the profession, but itslea, both outside Philadelphia. InUnited States.) They also posed for and stands apart in its scope, quality andthese places she found the conditionsaided one another with constructive originality. that encouraged her to flourish artisti-criticism of their work. In addition, "A Petal from the Rose: Illustrationscallylarge living and studio spaces,Green collaborated with Smith on sev- by Elizabeth Shippen Green" consistsgardens and countryside, and per-eral projects, including two illustrated of selections from more than 140 ofsonal and professional support fromcalendars for Bryn Mawr College and Green's original drawings for Harper'sher companions. The stunning land- The Book of the Child, the latter originally and rare bound volumes that includescape backgrounds often seen in herself published as illustrations for a cal-

146 INFORMATION BULLETIN 4.. The Wind Blowing Off the Glacier, Fluttering Her Gown, ca. 1910; Once More the Herald Set the Trumpet to His Lips and Blew, ca. 1911

Though Green'scareerinitially traced a path typical of many women illustrators, it diverged markedly as she matured artistically. In her work for Harper's she primarily portrayed -Its in A iverse A ramatic situations, milieus and moods. Drawing mainly in charcoal, sometimes combined with watercolor, and occasionally with oil, she illustrated stories set in historical periods, as well as romances, poetry and books. Several memorable images show young women in highly varied natural settingsbalanced in a moon- lit treetop (So Haunted at Moonlight...), seated beneath a massive tree in vibrant daylight (Giséle) or windblown and silhouetted against a majestic alpine mountain (The Wind Blowing Off the endar, then reprinted as a book by theGlacier ...). Her classic image of a youngbent form and the upright forms of New York publishing house of Freder-nobleman and his herald on a hilltopthe boy and rosebush enhance the dra- ick A. Stokes in 1903. (Once More the Herald Set the Trumpetmatic impact of the scene, a moment of Green advanced professionally ...) evokes the splendor and pageantrydiscovery. A later pen-and-ink draw- through her own efforts, however. One of past ages and recalls similar subjectsing (Welcome, Said the Old Man ...) of her drawings reproduced in "Modern treated by her teacher Pyle. shows an older man and a middle- Pen Drawings: European and Ameri- This artist's rare ability to conceiveaged man in a landscape setting. can," a special winter 1900-1901 issueand incorporate complex landscapeThough one extends his hand to the of The Studio, published in London,views into her drawings distinguishesother, the two are separated by space in marked the first international notice ofher from her contemporaries. In Thethe center of the drawing. The vista of her work. In 1905 she received the MaryJourney (1903), for example, a youngriver and hills in the distance between Smith prize awarded by the Pennsyl-boy in a railway car sitsquietly, the figures heightens this impression vania Academy of Fine Art for the bestentranced by the arresting scenery thatof physical separation, implying a painting by a woman, saw some of herpasses by. The contrast between hispsychological or even spiritual gulf best illustrations published in the bookstill form outlined and rendered in sub- between them. Green makes use of dis- Rebecca Mary and had more than 40 ofdued colors and the vivid spectacletancing space, restrained facial expres- her drawings published by Harper's. of green hills, fields and clouds thatsions, gestures and landscape back- Like niany women iiiustrators of thebecome casties, underscores the trans-grounds to evoke moods that suggest period, Green often depicted mothersforming power of the child's imagi- psychological drama in such scenes. In and children, especially early in hernation. Green stages a poignant butthis respect she rivals, perhaps even career, her drawings for The Bookhumorous scene between Rebeccasurpasses, her teacher Pyle. of the Child showing "modern" chil-Mary and her pet rooster within a blos- In another look at Life Was Made for dren absorbed in playtime occupationssoming, vine-covered arbor openingLove and Cheer, other formal features being one example. Harper's speciallyonto a beautiful garden with beehives,that typify Green's style and approach commissioned her to do a series oftrees and hillside stretching beyond. Incan be seen. Using a slightly elevated drawings in 1905 called "The Mistresssuch scenes her own experience livingviewpoint, she builds the composition of the House," without any accompa-at the Red Rose Inn and Cogslea, withwith alternating dark and light zones; nying text. In these images she presents gardens and countryside nearby, con-green masses of trees, flower beds and a romanticized vision of domestic life,tributes to her creative process. hillsides play off against lighter zones featuring a beautiful young mother Green also stands apart from typi-of figures on graveled walks, the house engaged in daily pursuits such as trim-cal women illustrators in that she per-and evening sky. Large masses balance ming roses, taking tea, perusing bookssuasively depicts figures of differentoutlined forms and all combine to form in her library and playing with her chil-ages in varied narrative situations. Ina beautiful, decorative whole. Critics dren. Her colorful, asymmetrically bal-an illustration for "The Flowers," theof Green's era praised her decorative anced compositions remind one of astory of an aging florist raising anstyle and original compositions, seen to world like that seen in paintings byorphaned boy, Green's emphasis onadvantage in this scene in which deci- . the contrast between the old man'ssive, elegant lines emerge from massed

JUNE 2001 ti 2$8 147 4.4 s as 1924, illustrations for numerousan artist. The range of imagery she books, graphic art for popular orga-created for Harper's and a variety of nizations and causes and advertise-books eludes defined categories and ments. The 1922 edition of Lamb's Tales renders her atypical among women from Shakespeare contains some of herillustrators. finest book illustrations, a striking Noted authority Henry Pitz observed black-and-white ornamental title page that, during its golden age, illustra- and other elements of exquisite black-tion became admired and appreciated and-white decoration. She also cre-internationally as one of the most dis- ated imaginative illustrations for antinctively American forms of art. Well abecedarius with nonsense verse byaware of this artistic legacy, William her husband, which was publishedPatten, art editor for Harper's in the in 1947. Ambitious and enormously1880s and 1890s began a multiyear productive from the early days ofeffort in 1932 to form a collection of her career, Green established her ownworks from this important era for the place as one of the most sought-after Library of Congress. He did so by solic- women illustrators of popular litera-iting gifts from living artists or their ture during the golden age of Ameri- descendants and acquired drawings by can illustration. more than 200 American illustrators The Red Rose Girls lived during anwho were professionally active from era when illustrated periodicals such1870 through the first World War. The as Harper's provided a major form ofresulting collection, known as the Cabi- entertainment for the literate publicnet of American Illustration, consists of The Journey, ca. 1903 and illustrators enjoyed a status com-approximately 4,000 drawings by some parable to that of celebrities. Although250 artists and represents an invalu- forms and reflect the aesthetic of ArtGreen received recognition from herable resource for the study of the Nouveau. The artist's tendencies topeers comparable to that accordednation's most influential illustrators. employ unusual vantage points andSmith and Oakley in their lifetimes,In response to Patten's request, Green subtle use of color, also seen in thisher work has received less attentiongave 127 of her drawings to the image, further lend her work a distinc-than theirs, perhaps because it doesLibrary's Cabinet of American Illus- tive character. not lend itself easily to neat classifi-tration in 1933. The exhibition draws Green's marriage in 1911 to Hugercation. Smith's imagery, on the otherheavily from these examples of Green's Elliott, a professor of architecture, hand, fits into the well established tra-work, which hint at the richness and pulled her away from Cogs lea, thedition of woman illustrators' work thatcomplexity of illustration at its popular last home she shared with her friends.focused heavily on children, motherspeak and number among the Library's The only one of the three to marry and subjects from children's literature.treasures of graphic art. she maintained close friendships withOakley moved away from illustration Smith and Oakley. Despite movesto become a notable muralist and cre- Ms. Kennedy is a curatorial assistant occasioned by her husband's career,ator of stained glass art. Green, no less for the Swann Collection of Cartoon and she continued to be a prolific artist,accomplished, no less prolific, per-Caricature in the Prints and Photographs making drawings for Harper's as latehaps possessed greater originality as Division.

Rare Book was led him to apply his own techni- As a final remark, Mr. Cole continued from page 141 cal skills to making facsimiles of theannounced that the speeches of the great books of Western civilizationmorning session would be pub- strong. He is an active donor andavailable to a general public. He cre-lished by the Center for the Book. advocate of informed giving by col-ated a company called Octavo to pro-Plans for the next Rare Book Forum lectors to special collections libraries.duce digitally formatted reproduc-in October were announced (sub- John Warnock became a collectortions of books from his own libraryject to be determined), and the when he realized that the great books and from the collections of the Library forum scheduled for April 2002 of science and technology could actu-of Congress, the Folger Library andwill commemorate the 50th anni- ally be purchased. Fortunately for other institutions. versary of Lessing J. Rosenwald's him, he earned enough to build a Mr. Warnock's view of libraries andgift of the Giant Bible of Mainz library of books by Copernicus, Gali- their special collections divisions wasto the Library of Congress, with leo, Newton, Locke and other influ-not as generous as Mr. Lincoln's. HeChristopher de Hamel of Corpus ential Western European innovators.was of the opinion that libraries con-Christi College, Cambridge, as the Although highly educated, he had sumed books, but were loath to makemain speaker. never set foot in a rare book library them available. He was also extremely and had never had a conversationconcerned that if he gave his books Mr. Simone is curator of the Lessing J. with a special collections librarian.away they would be lost, mistreated Rosenwald Collection in the Library of The realization of how fortunate heor even sold as duplicates. Congress.

148 INFORMATION BULLETIN Tracer Bullets New Subject Bibliographies Available

he Library's Science, Technology Synthesized vitamins became widelyrange of topics, from prevention to the Tand Business Division has pub-available and were increasingly addedassessment and treatment of injuries, lished several additional subject bibli- to foods and sold as tablets and cap-from physical therapy and alternative ographies in its "Tracer Bullet" series. sules. The one-a-day vitamin and min-medicine to nutrition, drug use and the Not intended to be comprehensive,eral supplement, introduced in 1940,psychological aspects of injury. Sports these compilations are designedasquickly gained widespread popularity,medicine information can be specific the name of the series impliesto putespecially in the United States, wherefor the age of the athlete (youth, adoles- the reader "on target." by 1997 an estimated half of all Amer-cent, adult) as well as for gender. Pub- icans were taking a supplement onlications are available for professional Diabetes Mellitus a regular basis. Today we recognizeclinicians, trainers, coaches, parents of Diabetes Mellitus updates the divi-approximately 13 vitamins or vitaminathletes and for athletes themselves. sion's previous diabetes bibliographygroups, as well as seven major miner- These new publications are free and (1986) and emphasizes patient informa- als and 10 trace elements. may be obtained by writing to the Sci- tion. Diabetes mellitus is a disease char- ence, Technology and Business Divi- acterized by the body's inability to pro-Sports Medicine sion, Library of Congress, Washing- duce or use insulin properly, resulting Interest in sports has expanded andton, DC 20540, or by telephoning (202) in high levels of blood glucose. Accord- changed since the first Tracer Bullet on707-5664. A list is available of many ing to the Centers for Disease Controlsports medicine was published in 1979.other Tracer Bullets on timely subjects and Prevention, 15.7 million AmericansSports medicine is no longer limited toin science and technology. have diabetes. Of these, 5.4 million aretreating the professional athlete. Today, For those with Internet access, all not aware that they are diabetic. children start playing sports at a veryTracer Bullets published from 1989 until There are four types of diabetes mel-early age and with greater intensityseveral years ago, as well as selected litus. Type 1 is caused by autoimmune,than their parents did. Title IX of theolder Tracer Bullets, can be read on a genetic and environmental factors; theHigher Education Act of 1965 has Web-mounted full-text database, SCTB body produces no or extremely lowencouraged participation in sports byOnline, which can be reached at levels of insulin. In Type 2, the bodygirls and women. More people arememory.loc.gov/sctb or from under the cannot produce enough insulin; Type 2physically active throughout their lives,Science Reading Room home page at is associated with several risk factors, and there is increasing interest in recre- wwwdoc.gov/rr/scitech. The three items including family history obesity, age ational sports at all ages. announced here will be added to the and ethnicity. The third type occurs The bibliography covers a broaddatabase in a short while. during some pregnancies, but disap- pears once the pregnancy isover; women who have had "gestational" diabetes in the past are more likely to New Publication Features repeat with subsequent pregnancies. Type 4 has surgery, drugs, malnutri- Cold War Military Archives tioncs,r '-'cction ozn=g th^ causal fc- he Department of Defense has publishedihe Open tors. Complications of diabetes include THouse Collection: Documents from the Military Archives hypertension, heart attack, stroke, cir- of Former Warsaw Pact Countries in the Library of Congress. culation problems, kidney failure and Washington, D.C.: Historical Office, Office of the Secre- blindness. tary of Defense; and Joint History Office, Office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2000. 113 pages. Vitamins and Minerals The compilation contains papers presented at the Vitamins and minerals are important Conference on Cold War Archives in the Decade of componentsofhumannutrition. Openness sponsored by the Department of Defense Although specific vitamins were not dis- and the Library of Congress. The conference, held at the covered until the 20th century, the effects Library of Congress on June 28-29, 2000, highlighted of nutritional deficiencies were recog- the microfilm document collections of the Defense nized much earlier. The term "vitamine" Department's Open House Program, deposited in the European Division of was first proposed in 1912 by Polish the Library and open to the public for research. These military archives come chemist Casimir Funk; it was shortened from Hungary Poland and Romania. to "vitamin," and as vitamins were iden- The Library's European Division has a limited supply of copies. To request tified over the following decades, they one, send your mailing address in an e-mail message to [email protected]. came to be viewed as essential elements Additional information on these military archives can be found on the in maintaining good health and in treat- Library's Web site at www.loc.gov/a/european/specproj.html. ing diseases of deficiency.

JUNE 2001 149 tti3 0 News from the Cter for the Book State Centers Meet for 'Idea Exchange'

T'm completely surprised and abso-not most, people in Washing- Ilutely thrilled," said Coloradoton, D.C., work hard to sell Center for the Book Executive Direc-you their ideas; the Center tor Chris Citron when she heard thatfor the Book instead takes Colorado had won the 2001 Boorstinan honest interest in learn- State Center for the Book award, whiching about and especially in includes a cash prize of $5,000. sharing your ideas." The presentation of the Boorstin The Boorstin Award is Award was a highlight of the Centersupported by an endow- for the Book's 12th annual state centerment established in 1987 "idea exchange day," held at the Libraryby Daniel J. Boorstin and on April 30. Representatives from 39his wife, Ruth, when Dr. affiliated state centers and the District Boorstin retired as Librarian of Columbia participated in the all-of Congress. It has been day meeting. On April 28 the national presented annually since awards ceremony was held for the1997 to recognize and sup- "River of Words" environmental poetryport achievements of spe- and art project, and a dinner for statecific state centers. Previous coordinators on April 29 was hosted. Boorstin State Center Award Project meetings were held on May 1. winners have been Florida Other highlights were recognition ofand Nebraska (1997); Ver- the two most recent state centers, Westmont and Oklahoma (1998); Virginia and Alabama; the welcomingVirginia and Missouri (1999); of 13 state center coordinators or rep- and Washington and Alaska Fern Underdue resentatives who were attending the (2000). Chris Citron, executive director of the meeting for the first time; lively discus- Dr. Boorstin, who estab-Colorado Center for the Book, which won sions about current projects and admin-lished the Center for thethe 2001 Boorstin State Center for the Book istrative "lessons learned" during theBook in 1977, presented theaward, shares an article about the Colorado past year; and a presentation of readingaward to Chris Citron oncenter with Librarian of Congress Emeritus promotion ideas by visiting regionalApril30.The ColoradoDaniel Boorstin, the award's donor. librarians from Russia. Center for the Book was rec- During a reception for participants ognized for the completion of the reno-regional meeting of Western state cen- that included representatives from thevation of its headquarters, the Thomasters for the book; and for its continuing American Library Association and theHornsby Ferril House in Denver; host-role in organizing and sponsoring the Chief Officers of State Library Agencies ing of the awards ceremonies for theRocky Mountain Book Festival and the (COSLA), Librarian of Congress James River of Words and Letters About Lit-Colorado Book Awards. H. Billington pointed out a unique fea-erature projects at the Governor's Man- In his opening report on "the state of ture of the day's discussions: "Many, ifsion; hosting and organizing the firstthe Center for the Book," Director John Y. Cole noted the continued growth of both the affiliated state center net- work, which with the recent additions of West Virginia and Alabama now totals 42 states and the District of Columbia, and the reading promotion partnership network, which includes more than 90 national educational and civic organizations.

Jean Trebbi (right) has been coor- dinator of the Florida Center for the Book since it was established as the first affiliated state center in 1984. Marcie Cate has been coordinator of the New Mexico Center for the Book since it was created in 1996. Fern Underdue

150 INFORMATION BULLETIN o

Year's Meeting? (23 pages) supple- ments the first and contains a topic index. During the morning sessions, guest speakers and state center coordina- tors made brief presentations about partnership projects in which state centers are participating or in which they might be interested. The pre- senters and the projects were: Vir- ginia H. Mathews, the Viburnum Foundation/ Center for the Book Family Literacy Project; Maggie Dietz, Favorite Poem Project; Cathy Gour- ley, Letters About Literature; Pamela Michael, River of Words; Sandy Dol- nick, Literary Landmarks; Phyllis Ayers and Deborah Hocutt, the Vir- ginia Reads and All America Reads projects; Sally Anderson, the Vermont Center for the Book's "Mother Goose" Fern Underclue West Virginia and Alabama, the two most recent state center affiliates, projects; Thomas Phelps, National were recognized at the April 30 state center meeting. Center for theEndowment for the Humanities; and Book Director John Cole (left) talks with Jennifer Soule of the WestLee Bricetti, the activities and projects Virginia Library Commission and Allen Cronenberg and Jay Lamarof Poets House. of the Auburn University Center for the Arts and Humanities. The For information about Center for the West Virginia center works closely with the West Virginia Humanities Book projects and publications and the Council; the Alabama Public Library Service is a major partner in the state affiliates program or for copies of Alabama center, which is located at Auburn University. The State Centers for the Book Handbook and update, contact the Center for the Book, Library of Congress, 101 Inde- "I'm especially gratified by thefamilies (www.americaslibrary.gov),pendence Ave. S.E., Washington, DC increasing interest of state humanitiesthe new Veterans History Project20540-4920; telephone (202) 707-5221; councils and academic institutions in(www.loc.gov/folklifelvets) and thefax (202) 707-0269; or visit the center's our endeavor," he said, pointing outLocal Legacies project begun last yearWeb site at www.loc.gov/cfbook. that five state centersMaine, Minne- as part of the Library's Bicentennial cel- sota, Montana, Nevada and Tennes-ebration (www.loc.gov/bicentennial/ seeare now located in humanitieslegacies.html). "Telling America's Sto- councils and that six othersAla-ries" is the seventh national reading THE STATE CENTERS POP THE BOOK HANDBOOK - SHIN. DWI bama, Arizona, California, Idaho,promotion campaign undertaken by hIlttm Massachusetts and Pennsylvaniathe Center for the Book since 1987. are hosted by major universities. He Center for the Book Program Officer rcmin4^,-4 state centers th?1- thPir?ffil-ma lirven e D. Williams, who oversees Rrdl gWan a se. iation with the Library of Congressthe development of the center's Web must be renewed every three yearssite and its state center affiliates net- 2 and that applications from the 10 statework, provided the next update. She EA centers due for renewal in 2001 mustdescribed the continuing expansion of be received by Dec. 1. He also reportedthe Web site's content and use (30,300 that during the past year the Centertransactions handled in March 2001 OREDWa for the Book had published two books, compared to 27,200 in March 2000) and both distributed by Oak Knoll Press:introduced two compilations about A Handbook for the Study of Book History state affiliates being distributed at the in the United States and Library History meeting. The first, the spring 2001 edi- Research in America. tion of The State Centers for the Book Mr. Cole announced that first ladyHandbook (36 pages), contains back- s",%731.9r. ....by A* D. 16Cime. Prqram Laura Bush had agreed to be honor-ground information about the state 11 Laver fur Ms Swat ary chair of "Telling America's Stories," center program, profiles of the state the Library's national reading promo-centers, a list of state center projects byThe annual State Centers for the tion theme for 2001-2003. Cosponsoredtopic, guidelines for establishing stateBook Handbook, compiled since with the American Folldife Center, thecenters and suggested state center1994 by Center for the Book campaign will take advantage of recentactivities and a subject index. Theprogram officer illiaurvene Wil- Library initiatives such as America'ssecond compilation, State Center High-liams, contains information on and Library, a Web site for children andlights 2001: What's Happened Since Last guidelines for the state centers.

JUNE 2001 151 272 THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS101 INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE LIBRARY OF CONGRESSPOSTAGEWASHINGTON,FIRST FEES CLASSPAID MAILDC PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL PERMIT NO. G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Syracuse005DUS Univ IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 Syracuse4-194CIJEEric CoordinatorClearinghouseCenter NY 13244-4100for Sci on & Info/TeoTec theaddresstofor address.the thisBulletin, above publicationlabel address. pleaseand return. checkaddress If change To here yourrequest is0 inquiresandrequired missing return toenter thisissue(s)the onabovepage of 411 27 0r1sat:

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Library and Fisst Lady Ann@nce National Bookft-lila 4 * p The LIBRARY of CONGRESS \yci o .0 0 Information ar s s Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 60, Nos. 7-8 July-August 2001 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:First Lady Laura Bush; Ray Allen of the Milwaukee Bucks and the Librarian of Congress (inset) in the Great Hall, announcing the first National Book Festival. Photos by Yusef El-Amin. Cover Story:The Library and the first lady have announced a National Book Festival to "celebrate America's stories" on Sept. 8. 156 .4 Prized Poet: - A! The Librarian has named Billy Collins as the 11th '5:1W122.,, .....,::::414-4?....1,44-1:01% Poet Laureate. 155 159 Hit Parade:The "America's Library" Web site for children and families has logged a record number of visitors. 158 Discovering America:The Library has purchased the first map to use the name "America." 159 New Collections Online:American advertising, photos of North American Indians and musical archives are the subjects of three new collections in American Memory. 160 Archiving the Web:The Library and Alexa Internet have jointly produced an internet archives of the 2000 election. 161 Reference Partners:The pilot Collaborative Digital Reference Service now has 100 partner libraries. 162 And the Winner Is...:Library staff and publications have been honored with several awards. 163 Books & Beyond:William MacLeish, Daniel Schorr and Louis 160Menand discussed their books in separate evenings at the Library.166 Extraordinary Correspondence:Senators, authors and journalists read from a new collection of war letters at the Library May 16. 170 Globalization in Muslim Societies:The latest symposium in this series discussed intellectual debates in Islam. 173 Revolution, Reaction, Reform:Teachers convened at the Library's National Digital Library Learning Center for National History Day.176 Alley Communities:Library staff hosted an annual educational event for D.C.-area students on "Discovering Hidden Washington."178 170 Agency Day:Legal librarians met at the Law Library May 11. 181 News from the Center for the Book 182

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E. Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. Guy LAMOLINARA, Editor JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer 178 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor

a a

a 'Gently and Consistently Startling' Librarian Appoints Billy Collins Poet Laureate

ibrarian of Congress James H. ideas of the world, rueful, playful, LBillingtonhas announcedthe warm-voiced, easy to love." appointment of Billy Collins to be the "Billy Collins writes lovely poems," Library's 11th Poet Laureate Consul- writes John Updike. "Limpid, gently tant in Poetry. He will take up his and consistently startling, more seri- duties in the fall, npening the Library's ous than they seem, they describe all annual literary series in October with the worlds that are and were and some a reading of his work. Mr. Collins others besides." succeeds Robert Penn Warren, Rich- ard Wilbur, Howard Nemerov, Mark Background of the Laureateship Strand, Joseph Brodsky, Mona Van The Library keeps to a minimum Duyn, Rita Dove, Robert Hass, Robert the specific duties required of the Poet Pinsky and Stanley Kunitz. Laureate, in order to permit incum- Of his appointment, Dr. Billington bents to work on their own projects said, "Billy Collins's poetry is widely while at the Library. Each brings a accessible. He writes in an original way new emphasis to the position. Allen about all manner of ordinary things Tate (1943-44), for example, served as and situations with both humor and Poet Laureate Billy Collins editor of the Library's publication of a surprising contemplative twist. We that period, Quarterly Journal, during look forward to his energizing pres-has also been awarded the Oscar Blu-his tenure and edited the compilation ence next year." menthal Prize, the Bess Hokin Prize, Sixty American Poets, 1896-1944. Some BillyCollins's books of poetry the Frederick Bock Prize and the Levin- consultants have suggested and chaired include Picnic, Lightning (Universityson Prizeall awarded by Poetry mag-literaryfestivalsandconferences; of Pittsburgh Press, 1998); The Art ofazine. He is a Distinguished Professorothers have spoken in a number of Drowning (1995), a Lenore Marshallof English at Lehman College, Cityschools and universities and received Poetry Prize finalist; Questions AboutUniversity of New York, where he hasthe public in the Poetry Room. Angels (1991), a National Poetry Series taught for the past 30 years. He is also a Increasingly in recent years, the selection by Edward Hirsch; The Applewriter-in-residence at Sarah Lawrenceincumbents have sought to find new That Astonished Paris (1988); Video Poems College and served as a Literary Lionways to broaden the role of poetry in (1980); and Pokerface (1977). His next col- of the New York Public Library. Henational life. Maxine Kumin initiated lection of poems, Sailing Alone Aroundlives in Somers, N.Y. a popular women's series of poetry the Room, is scheduled for release this Author E. Annie Proulx has remarked,workshops at the Poetry and Literature fall from Random House. "I have never before felt possessiveCenter. met with His honors include fellowships atabout a poet, but I am fiercely glad thatgroups of elementary school children the New York Foundation for the Arts, Billy Collins is ourssmart, his stringsto encourage them to write poetry. the National Endowment for the Arts,tuned and resonant, his wonderful eyeHoward Nemerov condiirtpd seminarc and the Guggenheim Fouliddtion. Helooping over the things, events and continued on page M2 Jefferson's Library Thomas Jefferson sold his personal library-6,487 booksto the U.S. Congress in 1815 after the 1814 British raid on Washing- ton, when British soldiers burned the Congressional Library in the U.S. Capitol. Nearly two-thirds of Jefferson's books were lost in another fire in the Capitol on Christmas Eve, 1851. As part of the Library's Bicentennial, an effort was undertaken to reassemble all of the original editions of works that had been in Jefferson's library when it came to Washington. Now visitors can see Jefferson's libraryboth the volumes that belonged to Jefferson himself and those that have been accumulated in the last two years to fill in the gaps left by the 1851 blazein the Northwest Pavilion of the Jefferson Building. This is the first time that Jefferson's library has ever been on David Sharpe public display, and this summer is the last chance to see it until it is reinstalled in a new location in a year or two.The exhibition is on view through Sept. 8, Monday-Saturday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. JULY-AUGUST 2001 x,21 155 a

National Book Festival First Lady, Library to Host First-Ever Event

By CRAIG D'OOGE -uring a news conference on July DL30, Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and Mrs. Laura Bush announced plans for America's first National Book Festival. The festival will be held at the Library of Congress and on the east lawn of the U.S. Capitol on Saturday, Sept. 8, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. The event, which is hosted by Mrs. Bush and sponsored by the Library of Congress, is inspired by the highly suc- cessful founded by Mrs. Bush. The festival will include readings and book signings by more than 40 award-winning authors and illustrators of books for both adults and children (see www.loc.gov/bookfest). Additional activities will include musi- cal performances, storytelling, panel discussions, demonstrations of illus- tration and new technologies, as well 'Ns& El-Amin as special tours and exhibitions in theRay Allen of the Milwaukee Bucks, First Lady Laura Bush and Dr. buildings of the Library of Congress. Billington meet in the Jefferson Building prior to the announcement The Librarian of Congress and Mrs.of the National Book Festival on July 30. Bush hope that the National Book Fes- tival will encourage American familiesNationalBasketballAssociation's "I am proud to join with Dr. Billington to develop a lifelong love of reading.national reading campaign, "Read toand the Library of Congress in hosting The event, which is free and open toAchieve," and detailing the NBA's this year's National Book Festival," said the public, is made possible by gener-involvement in the festival. At theMrs. Bush. "This event gives us an ous donations from the AT&T Foun-announcement, the Librarian and Mrs.opportunity to inspire parents and care- dation, WorkPlaceUSA, the Library'sBush also unveiled the festival logogivers to read to children as early as James Madison Council and other pri-and a painting by Texas artist Lu Annpossible and to encourage reading as a vate donors. Basketball star Ray AllenBarrow that was commissioned for thelifelong activity. I look forward to wel- of the Milwaukee Bucks joined infestival. coming book lovers of all ages to our the announcement, representing the Dr. Billington said, "We must all try, nation's capital to celebrate the magic of in every way we can, to send reading and storytelling." Mrs. Bush's the message that reading issupport of this festival builds on her critical to our lives and toleadership in creating an annual book the life of our nation. At the festival as first lady of Texas. ezdkcote Library of Congress, we are On the morning of Friday, Sept. 7, a anxious to make our unique "Back-to School" program will be held collections available through- in the Great Hall of the Library's Thomas out the world, which we areJefferson Building with Mrs. Bush and doing through our two Web Dr. Billington and fourth grade students sites, 'American Memory' from a Washington-area public school. and'America'sLibrary.' Dr. Billington and Mrs. Bush will read These two sites draw stu-from their favorite books and demon- dents and teachers, as well as strate how the Library's Web site for kids and families, into read-families, www.americaslibrary.gov, can ing about history throughbe used as a lively and interactive edu- original photographs, dia- cational resource. ries, letters, films and maps. On Sept. 8, pavilions will be set up on These primary source mate-the east lawn of the U.S. Capitol with rials add another dimension,both adult and children's authors read- September 8,2001 buttheyalsoencourageing excerpts from their works through- deeper reading in books." continued on page 158

156 '4'7@ INFORMATION BULLETIN ) J September 8, 2001

lirtistimel by Laura Bush and Sponsored by The Library of Congress r\; www.loc.gov/bookfest \ Tolil-free:(888) 714-4696 ,. \ , \ . \ ci> ,--,,,_),,,\ \ ,14)a:m. to 5 p.m.

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S More Than 100 Million Library's Web Site for Families Gets Record Use

A merica's Library (www.americas-the American Library library.gov), the Library's WebAssociation; Best 'Hot site for children and families, has han-Sites' of 2000, from USA dled more than 100 million "hits" sinceToday; the "Standard of America's its April 2000 debut. Excellence Award" in "This milestone is a testimony to thethe Web 2000 Awards Discover the stories of America's past... Web site's appeal to both childrenfromthe Web Mar- and families," said Librarian of Con-keting Association; the Mnt Amazing Americans gress James H. Billington. "With its"2000 New Media Invi- colorful, interactive elements, Ameri-sion Bronze Award for JumpBack In Time Teddy & the sear ca's Library has been instrumental inBest Education Site for Eitplal'a the States making the Library's collections more Kids"; and the "Gold 1. accessible to people of all ages." Mercury Award"in Jain America at Play The site has also received numer- MERCOM'sMercury ous awards: Revolution magazine'sAwards Competition. DaDT and SIR 2001 "Revolution Award" for best use Through the use of sto- of digital media by a nonprofit orga-ries, richly embellished CIGtraP cal)Vfirtip nization; the National Association ofwith photographs, maps, Government Communicators' Blueprints, manuscripts, and Pencil Award for Best Web Pagesaudio and video recordings from thesyncratic, materials, many of which for2000,Forbesmagazine andLibrary's collections, America's Library have never been seen by the public. Forbes.com's "Best of the Web"; 2001 invites users to learn about their pastActivities such as a "Scavenger Hunt" Notable Children's Web Sites, fromthrough extraordinary, at times idio-and "Send a Postcard" encourage exploration of the site, and animated "teasers" on the main home page will Festival The Library of Congress, the world's delight users of all ages. Questions continued from page 156 largest repository of knowledge and invite children to talk to their family creativity, has been sustained for 201 and friends about what they have out the day. A storytelling pavilion years by Congress and serves all learned. and a pavilion featuring "great ideas Americans in a variety of ways. It is Bold graphics and bright colors for promoting reading, literacy and the research arm of Congress through entice users to click on the following libraries" are planned. Book-signings, the Congressional Research Service main home page links: "Meet Amaz- book sales and panel presentationsand the Law Library; the protector ing Americans," "Jump Back in Time," on children's books, mysteries and of creativity through the Copyright "Explore the States," "Join America at poetry will be held in the Library's Jef-Office; and an unparalleled collector Play" and "See, Hear and Sing." ferson Building. The Library's exhibi- of more than 121 million items, includ- As of December 2000, the site had tion galleries and reading rooms willing 27 million books and serial pub- received an estimated $35 million in be open, presenting a wide range oflications, millions of prints, pho- free advertising support on television, special programs to inform and enter- tographs, films, maps, recordings, radio, and the Internet. America's tain visitors of all ages on such topicsbroadcasts, and manuscripts. It pro- Library marks the first time in its as children's andmotes reading through its Center for history that the Library of Congress how to preserve family photos andthe Book and Children's Literature has created a public service advertis- documents. Center. The Library catalogs for librar- ing campaign in partnership with the The day also will include demon-ies everywhere, and serves as a library Advertising Council. This campaign strations in the Library's Nationalfor people with disabilities nation- "There Is a Better Way to Have Fun with Digital Library Learning Center inwide. And now it has become a History ... Log On. Play Around. Learn the Madison Building on computernational digital library on the Internet, Something"was created through the learning featuring the Library's Web serving the world at www.loc.gov. Advertising Council, with creative ser- sites, and talking books and new For more information about the vices donated by DDB Chicago. The technologies from theLibrary'sNational Book Festival, call toll-free spots were distributed to 3,200 televi- National Library Service for the(888) 714-4696 or consult the Fes- sion stations and more than 6,000 radio Blind and Physically Handicapped.tival's Web site at www.loc.gov/ stations nationwide. DDB recently won Musical groups will perform in frontbookfest. the silver award in the Non-Profit/Pro of the Jefferson Building and food Bono/Public Service category of the will be available on the plaza of Mr. D'Ooge is a public affairs specialist New York American Marketing Asso- Madison Building across the street. in the Public Affairs Office. ciation's 2001 EFFIE Awards for the America's Library campaign.

158 INFORMATION BULLETIN 'America's Birth Certificate' Library Acquires 1507 Waldseemüller Map

By HELEN DALRYMPLE map, which is registered in the Germanthat has extended over many decades he first and only known copy of acomprehensive list of valuable nationalto bring this unique historical docu- T1507 map to bear the name "Amer-cultural property, so that it could bement to America where it can be on ica" has been added to the Library'sacquired by the Library of Congress. display in the nation's library for all to map collection. Compiled by cartogra- The purchase price of the map is see. The Library of Congress is grateful pher Martin Waldseemirller, the map$10 million. Under the agreementto Johannes Waldburg-Wolfegg is also the first to depict a separatebetween the Library and Mr. Wald- and to the governments of the Federal Western Hemisphere and the first toburg-Wolfegg, the Library has made an Republic of Germany and the state depict the Pacific Ocean as a separa teiniHI par-r1"nt ^f $500/300. This r,aden-WiliLiernbei6, which have body of water. payment came from fiscal 2001 appro- made this acquisition possible." The Library has reached an agree-priated funds, and the balance will be This 1507 map grew out of a massive ment with Prince Johannes Waldburg-paid as funds become available. Theproject in St. Die, France, in the early Wolfegg to purchase the map, printedLibrary is seeking donations from pri- years of the 16th century to update geo- from woodcuts, which has been calledvate sources. (In its report makinggraphic knowledge flowing out of the "America's birth certificate." supplemental appropriations for fiscalnew discoveries of the late 15th and The map was housed for more than2001, the House Appropriations Com- early 16th centuries. Martin Waldsee- 350 years in the 16th century castlemittee endorsed the Library's efforts milller's large world map was the most belonging to the prince's family atto acquire the Waldseemiiller map,exciting product of that research effort. Wolfegg in southern Germany. In pris- House Report 107-102, June 20, 2001.) He included on the map data gathered tine condition, the map originally Also, under the terms of the agree- by Amerigo Vespucci during his voy- belonged to Johann Schöner (1477-ment, the map or a facsimile will be onages of 1501-1502 to the New World. 1557), a Nuremberg astronomer-geog-permanent display in the Thomas Jef-Waldseemiiller named the new lands rapher. Long thought lost, the 1507ferson Building. "America" on his 1507 map in the mis- treasure generated great excitement The Librarian said, "This map, giving taken belief that it was Vespucci and not when it was rediscovered in Mr. Wald-our hemisphere its name for the firstChristopher Columbus who had dis- burg-Wolfegg's castle in 1901. time, will be the crown jewel of the covered them. An edition of 1,000 copies The government of Germany andLibrary's already unparalleled collec-of the large wood-cut print was report- the German state of Baden-Warttem-tion of maps and atlases. The purchaseedly printed and sold. Thus the name berg granted an export license for thewill mark the culmination of an effort continued on page 160 JULY-AUGUST 2001 22a 159 0

sJIio ..t.Alikte t4e New in American Memory Three New Collections Online

dward S. Curtis's: The Northdemic, is documented in the Library of .LL American Indian: PhotographicCongress Music Division by approxi- Images," "The Irving Fine Collec-mately 4,350 items in the Irving Fine tion," and "Emergence of AdvertisMgCollection. This initial online presenta- in America, 1850-1920" are the latesttion contains more than 50 items from additions to the Library's Americanthe collection, including photographs, Memory Web site at www.loc.gov. musical sketches and scores, a record Each collection offers a distinct view ofperformance of the String Quartet (1952) American culture. and the finding aid for the larger col- The North American Indian bylection. A contemporary of Aaron Cop- Edward S. Curtis is one of the most sig-land and Leonard Bernstein, Fine died nificant representations of traditionalin 1962 at the age of 47, cutting short one American Indian culture. Issued in lim-of the most promising careers in 20th ited edition from 1907 to 1930, thecentury American classical music. 20-volume set is organized by tribes "Emergence of Advertising in Amer- and culture areas encompassing theica, 1850-1929" presents more than Great Plains, Great Basin, Plateau9,000 images relating to the early his-From a print advertisement for Region, Southwest, California, Pacifictory of advertising in the United States. Lux Soap, 1925, from "Emergence Northwest and Alaska. The online col-The materials, drawn from the Rareof Advertising in America" lection presents all 2,226 publishedBook, Manuscript Divisions and Spe- images, with comprehensive identify-cial Collections Library at Duke Univer- cations, tobacco advertising and the ing data, including plate numbering,sity, include cookbooks, photographsadvertisements of companies such dimensions and the original captionsof billboards, print advertisements,as Kodak, Ponds and the J. Walter by Curtis. The source materials for thistrade cards, calendars, almanacs andThompson advertising agency. The collection are housed at Northwesternleaflets for a multitude of products.online collection includes a timeline of University Library. Images selectedforinclusionareevents in business technology, media, The career of Irving Fine (1914-1962), arranged in 11 categories covering sub-marketing and advertising covering composer conductor, writer and jects such as early advertising publi-the period 1850-1920. The digitization of Curtis's photo- graphs and the advertising collection Map The Library has the largest and was supported by an award from continued from page 159 most comprehensive collection of the Library of Congress/Ameritech maps and atlases in the world, some National Digital Library Competition. "America" given to the new lands by4.8 million cartographic items that This $2 million, three-year program, Waldsemiiller endured, and his 1507 date from the 14th century to the pres- which concluded in 1999, has made world map has come to be known asent time. The Library's map col- awards to 33 institutions nationwide to "America's birth certificate." lections contain coverage for every enable them to make their important Waldseemiiller's map supportedcountry and subject and include the American history collections available. Amerigo Vespucci's revolutionaryworks of all the famous map makers American Memory is a project of the concept of the New World as a sep-throughout historyPtolemy, Wald- National Digital Library Program of the arate continent, which, until then,seemaller, Mercator, Ortelius and Library of Congress. Its more than 100 was unknown to the Europeans. TheBlaeu. With its unparalleled collection collectionswhich range from papers map reflected a huge leap forwardrelated to the mapping of America, its of the U.S. presidents, Civil War pho- in knowledge, recognizing the newlystrong holdings on the history of early tographs and early films of Thomas found American land mass and for-printed cartography and its strength Edison to papers documenting the ever changing mankind's understand-for the period of European discovery women's suffrage and civil rights ing and perception of the world itself. and exploration, the Library is the log- movements, Jazz Age photographs and The map is the earliest multisheetical repository for preserving, study- the first baseball cardsinclude more printed wall map, made up of 12ing, and displaying this unique 1507 than 7 million items from the collec- sheets, each measuring 16 by 231/4world map by Martin Waldseemül- tions of the Library and those of other inches, resulting in an overall mapler. The map will also be scanned and major repositories. that measures 4.5 feet by 8 feet, or amounted on the Libraiy's prize-win- The latest Web site from the Library total of 36 square feet. The map is in ning Web site at www.loc.gov. is aimed at kids and families. The mint condition and is an exception- colorful and interactive "America's ally fine example of printing technol- Ms. Dalnymple is senior public affairs Library" (www.americaslibrary.gov) ogy at the onset of the Renaissance. specialist in the Public Affairs Office. invites users to "Log On...Play Around ... Learn Something."

160 INFORMATION BULLETIN go t( ye Election 2000, as It Happened Library and Alexa Announce Election Web Archives

he Library of Congress and Alexa Netscepe: Mesa Waybeck Machine - Election MO - El El Internet announce the Election 2000 ..- - T Boa .1 Reload Nom. SearchNegev.' Print Saturity Shop r-- I Collection, the first large-scale collec- a' Loortgo4imtp://trchive0.alexaaankellettions42k0trni 1 G.Vhot's Related tion of date-searchable Web sites to be archived and made available online. SAtexv . Vlia%thnr4r I%Aenkirto TheElection2000Cnlipction ...... ), ...... ss.11....111111.... Homo I Qiiggigred TerreS Of We I Ugh I E0227271Q01.Ini

(w-ww.archive.alexa.com/collections/ caccopatthaftt1zw3 http: / / ('12, IA4 .1.arrom Ayr* e2k.html), developed for the Library of Congress by the Internet Archive, EleCticin 2000 ,, )ii-t--rtlerneibiai5r Alexa Internet and Compaq Com- A pulaticly onceogdoly repooitory of digital materials covering the 0.5. Presidential Elethson of 2000. puter, is an Internet library containing Tratlet back )n time... archived copies of more than 1,000 Use the Wayb a& Machine to view Election 2000 Web sites from toe past. election-related Web sites. The collec- I This collection was commissioned by th rrNo Gorocloft-Otra 7,14,15101,* i'll) IA/aft of Coon= to archive digital tion, searchable by date, by Web site, , err.r.www. George W. gush materials cowering the Election of 2000. For Preeident It contains two terabytes of data and by category via Alexa's new "Way- 1.14.1.georgewbush.COrn gathered from 0/1/2000 to 1121/2001. C) For more information see the am See vs., georgebosh.corn on Election Day, mum or Lesh. back Machine" technology contains Turts, Noy. 7,/f&Q See a &votary of the 907 sites In this more than 2 million megabytes of ES] See f0 Wthiyeci dates eonecuon... 1 conserwhonDretrict Stet (41) we L---.77 V election-related information gathered Q9219FagtaadY_USI (70) 000T=2012M (12) between August 1, 2000, and January _tt20.1b2EIY_512.2 (7) - kl&ritkintaci (24) 14, 2001, including what was published -- - Gore Doberman worw,g0reliebermen.com 6.0291=11140/1.Y.412M41102 al) q c LA2711f3t11:0ED222 (47) 10.-Orwalo ..%) !":".. on the candidates' Web sites, political Se www.gorelieberrnan.com on Election ItI0112-0.2 (30) ----.... Day, Tug Nov 7,2ggg Other Etection 2000 Sten (207) party sites and major news sites. EtbsigettA2S1t21042101 (53) = e 01 archived detes. Reform Petty Sites (62) The Election 2000 Collection is E.,&....ftd,_2111 (6i) U.S.±100.4.201 (51) important because it contributes to US.Senate Sees (130) . . . - the historical record of the U.S. pres- Ystc_Iustx/.211a (14) Ralph Nader For President Alex.Wayback Machin. idential election, capturing informa- www.votoneder.Com The Dees is a service II' created by Alava Internet to nable peoPle See www.voteneder.com . Election Day: tion that could otherwise have been 51: ...'-',7-17. Tun Ploy 7,2= to surf an ongoing archive of the web. lost. With the growing role of the Web eq Ds,... What is an Internet Ubrarry7 as an influential medium, records l',viDwih to://archi.regalthathre WhoKSLIo /oda od tat 1 /IP WU. i..40.4, e. of historical events such as the U.S. presidential election could be con- Compaq Computer undertook theing since 1996, and now contains more sidered incomplete without materi-major task of collecting and archivingthan 40 terabytes of data. Alexa also als that were "born digital" and neversitesfor thecollection. "Compaqoffers a free Web navigation service printed on paper. Because InternetResearch was able to 'deep crawl' hun-(available at www.alexa.com), which content changes at a very rapid pace,dreds of Web sites each day to buildgives Internet users access to the especially on those sites related toan unprecedented record of the chang-Archive as they surf, as well as detailed ciet, Lion ing na 'cure of Lite Web. it was tricky, information about Web sites such as sites have already disappeared frombecause finding all the images, videosrelated links, contact information, site the Web. For the Election 2000 Col-and computer scripts associated withstatistics and reviews. The company lection, rapidly changing sites wereeach page required developing special- donates a copy of its Archive of the Web archived daily, or even twice andized technology" said Brewster Kahle,on a continuing basis to the nonprofit three times in a day, in an attempt topresident of Alexa Internet. Internet Archive, which is endowed to capture the dynamic nature of Inter- Alexa Internet created Waybackpreserve the digital heritage for schol- net content. Machine technology, which allowsarly access. Alexa, a wholly owned "This was the first presidential elec-users to browse this huge collectionsubsidiary of .com, is located tion in which the Web played an impor-and other Internet libraries like it. "Byon the Web at www.alexa.com. tant role, and there would have beenenabling users to retrieve Web sites out TheIntemetArchive(www.archive.org) a gap in the historical record of thisof the past, Alexa's Wayback Machineis a 501(c)(3) public nonprofit organi- period without a collection such astechnology adds a time dimension tozation that was founded to build an this," said Winston Tabb, associatethe Internet and creates the first 'time"Internet library" with the purpose of librarian for Library Services. "Thebrowser' for the Web," said Mr. Kahle. offering permanent access for research- Library of Congress worked with the Alexa Internet, the Web Informationers, historians and scholars to historical Internet Archive, a nonprofit organi-Company gathers, stores, indexes andcollections that exist in digital format. zation dedicated to building digitalmakes available multi-terabyte digitalFounded in 1996 and located in the libraries, to create this digital collection libraries, collections of Web sites andPresidio of San Francisco, the Archive for researchers, historians and the gen-other Internet information. The compa-has been receiving data donations from eral public." ny's Archive of the Web has been grow- Alexa Internet and others.

JULY-AUGUST 2001 161 100 and Growing Collaborative Digital Reference Service Expands in Pilot nne hundred libraries are now par-Service project. tive Digital Reference Service in the ticipating in a pilot project to create More libraries are encouraged tolibrary community. a collaborative authoritative referenceparticipate in the pilot project that "It is a great opportunity in Boise, service using the collective expertise ofwill continue through 2001. Academic,Idaho, for us to be part of an exciting reference librarians worldwide to pro- national, public and special libraries as project,"saidRosemary Cooper, vide answers to information requestedwell as consortia have so far enrolledlibrarian at Boise Public Library. "The by researchers anytime, anywhere. in the project. Any library can partici-bulk of our experience to date has The Library of Congress and OCLCpate in the project after its profile hasbeen in working with the Collabora- Online Computer Library Center arebeen approved by the Collaborativetive Digital Reference Service and our partners in the Collaborative DigitalDigital Reference Service. There is noreference staff in developing enthusi- Reference Service pilot project thatcharge for participation during theasm and commitment to participate has so far attracted participation frompilot project. in the project. The Collaborative Dig- libraries in the United States, Canada, OCLC is developing a knowledgeital Reference Service is about more Hong Kong, Australia, Germany andbase and profiling service, as wellthan providing answers. It is about the . as providing operations and market-sharing expertise. It adds the impor- In May, the Washington Countying support to the project. Together,tant element of interpretation and Cooperative Library Services, Digitalthe Library of Congress and OCLCanalysis to data." Reference Team, Hillsboro, Oregon,expect to develop a viable model Information on how to become a par- became the 100th library to participatefor a self-sustaining digital reference ticipant in the project is at www.loc.gov/ in the Collaborative Digital Referenceservice and promote the Collabora-cdrs.

Collins Karl Shapiro (1946-47) Mona Van Duyn (1992-93) continued from page 155 Robert Lowell (194748) Rita Dove (1993-95) Leonie Adams (1948-49) Robert Hass (1995-97) at the Library for high school English Elizabeth Bishop (1949-50) Robert Pinsky (1997-2000) classes. Most incumbents have fur- Conrad Aiken (1950-52, first to serve Stanley Kunitz (2000-2001) thered the development of the Library's two terms) The poetry and literature reading Archive of Recorded Poetry and Litera- William Carlos Williams (appointed series at the Library of Congress is ture. Joseph Brodsky initiated the idea in 1952 but did not serve) the oldest in the Washington area, and of providing poetry in public places Randall Jarrell (1956-58) Robert Frost (1958-59) among the oldest in the United States. supermarkets, hotels, airports and hos- Richard Eberhart (1959-61) This annual series of public poetry pitals. Rita Dove brought a program of Louis Untermeyer (1961-63) and fiction readings, lectures, sympo- poetry and jazz to the Library's literary Howard Nemerov (1963-64) sia and occasional dramatic perfor- series, along with a reading by young Reed Whittemore (1964-65) mances began in the 1940s and has Crow Indian poets, and a two-day Stephen Spender (1965-66) been almost exclusively supported conference, "Oil on the Waters: The James Dickey (1966-68) since 1951 by a gift from the late Ger- Black Diaspora," featuring panel dis- William Jay Smith (1968-70) trude Clarke Whittall, who wanted to cussions, readings and music. Robert William Stafford (1970-71) bring the appreciation of good litera- Hass sponsored a major conference on Josephine Jacobsen (1971-73) ture to a larger audience. The Poetry Daniel Hoffman (1973-74) nature writing, "Watershed," which Stanley Kunitz (1974-76) and Literature Center administers the continues today as a national poetry Robert Hayden (1976-78) series and is the home of the Poet Lau- competition for elementary and high William Meredith (1978-80) reate Consultant in Poetry, a position schoolstudentscalled"Riverof Maxine Kumin (1981-82) that has existed since 1936, when the Words." Robert Pinsky initiated his Anthony Hecht (1982-84) late Archer M. Huntington endowed Favorite Poem Project, which ener- Robert Fitzgerald (1984-85, appointed the Chair of Poetry at the Library of gized a nation of poetry readers to and served in a health-limited Congress. Since then, many of the share their favorite poems in readings capacity; did not come to the Library) nation's most eminent poets have across the country and in audio and Reed Whittemore (1984-85 Interim served as Consultant in Poetry to the video recordings. Consultant in Poetry) . Library of Congress and, after the pas- Gwendolyn Brooks (1985-86) Consultants in Poetry and Poets Lau- Robert Penn Warren (1986-87, first sage of Public Law 99-194 (December reate Consultants in Poetry and their to be designated Poet Laureate 20, 1985), as Poet Laureate Consultant terms of service are listed below: Consultant in Poetry) in Poetry. The Poet Laureate suggests Joseph Auslander (1937-41) Richard Wilbur (1987-88) authors to read in the literary series, Allen Tate (1943-44) Howard Nemerov (1988-90) plans other special literary events Robert Penn Warren (1944-45) Mark Strand (1990-91) during the reading season, and usu- Louise Bogan (1945-46) Joseph Brodsky (1991-92) ally introduces the programs.

162 INFORMATION BULLETIN se t 42fN 1 aO

0

a a s Diane Kresh Wins Barbara Tillett Receives Federal 100 Award Flemming Award or Ivor role -:1-1 the Collab ror her "outstanding ieadership 1. orative Digital Reference and extraordinary commitment Service, Diane Nester Kresh,to the acquisition and installation director of the Library'sof an Integrated Library System," Public Service Collections,Barbara B. Tillett received the 52nd is among the 2001 Federalannual Arthur S. Hemming Award 100, an award given byon June 5 during a reception at Federal Computer Week toGeorge Washington University. top executives from gov- Ms. Tillett is a leader in the field ernment, industry and aca-of librarianship and was one of the demia who have had theprime forces in achieving the Library greatest impact on the gov-of Congress's goal of obtaining an ernment systems commu- Integrated Library System (ILS). The Gail Fineberg nity. The award, which spe-new ILS allows the Library to pro- Erica Wissoli Diane Kresh cifically honors those whovide integrated automated support Barbara Tilllett have "made a difference infor core functions, such as acquisi- the way organizations develop, acquire and managetions, cataloging, serials management and circulation services, information technology," was presented on July 10as well as providing the Library's online catalog of more during a reception at the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Tysons than12.5 million bibliographic records. Corner, Va. "The development and implementation of the Library of Con- Launched by Ms. Kresh in 2000, the Collaborative Digi- gress ILS was a remarkable achievement for the Library of Con- tal Reference Service (CDRS) is a Web-based professionalgressin the scope of library activities it covered, the massive reference service that meets the reference and informa-numbers of staff involved in the planning and implementation tion needs of researchers through process and the very ambitious timetable an international digital network of required," said Associate Librarian for libraries. Library Services Winston Tabb. "While Ms. Kresh received her bache- rkwza6 hundreds of Library employees deserve lor's degree in theater and master's credit for the role they played in this degree in library science from Cath- once-in-a-generation accomplishment, it olic University of America. During faraerC29 is clear that the expertise, leadership and her 27-year tenure at the Library, she energy demonstrated by Barbara Tillett has held a number of positions, including director ofwere our most critical success factors. I am elated that this preservation. She has played a key role in developing theachievement is being recognized throughout the government Library's strategy for the capture and retention of digital through Barbara's receipt of the Hemming Award." information and is currently the chair of the Library's "The implementation of the Library of Congress Integrated Universal Holdings Team, responsible for defining col-Library System was a huge team effort, with more than 500 lecting policies for digital content. people involved and more than 3,000 people trained," said Ms. In her current position, Ms. Kresh directs a staffTillett. " It's a ereat honor to rereiye thiaward." responsible for 15 of the Library's 21 reading rooms, In 1995, Ms. Tillett was chair of the Library's Shelflist Task including the Main Reading Room. Under her direction,Group, which recommended procurement of an ILS. She was the Public Service Collections staff is also responsible foralso leader of the ILS Project Team, which prepared the Request the custody and security of more than 113 million itemsfor Proposal in 1996-97. Her previous experience in systems in the Library's general and special collections. implementation included key roles in the implementation of Ms. Kresh is a frequent keynote speaker at professionaltwo integrated library systems at the University of California meetings sponsored by organizations such as the Ameri-at San Diego. can Library Association, the Society of American Archi- As ILS program director, Ms. Tillett assembled 76 teams to vists, the Association of Research Libraries and the Coali-undertake the massive task of converting the Library's legacy tion for Networked Information. In 2000, she was part ofsystems, which were not integrated, to the state-of-the-art ILS. a U.S. delegation that traveled to Japan to discuss infor-Prior to full implementation, Ms. Tillett prepared a two-year mation technology issues at the Kanazawa Institute oftimeline detailing each phase of the operation, including alter- Technology Roundtable meeting. For her efforts in thenative analysis, business case preparation, acquisition, staffing, area of digital reference, Ms. Kresh was recognized bytraining of hundreds of Library employees and implementation the library community with a cover story in the Feb. 2,in October 1999. 2001, issue of Library Journal. For her achievement at the Library, Ms. Tillett received the For more information about the Collaborative Digital Distinguished Service Award, the Library's highest honor, in Reference Service, go to www.loc.gov/rr/digiref. For a1999. She has also received the Library's Meritorious Service list of the Federa1100, visit the Federal Computer Week Web Award in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000. site at www.fcw.com. continued on page 164

JULY-AUGUST 2001 Ws;205 163 Architectural Alphabet TkwErd Book Earns Design Kudos 1-1 77Lnanaer.-0, 7-vhe Library of Designed by I Congress: Robert Wiser and An Architectural edited by Blaine NAGC Honors Alphabet has Marshall, The Li- been cited for brary of Congress: Web, Print Work designexcel- AnArchitectural lence by Wash- Alphabet explores he National Association of Gov- ington Book the extraordinary Ternment Communicators recog- Pub-lishers. The spaces within the nized the Library's excellence in sev- book was one of Library's Thomas eral fields during its 2001 awards several publica- JeffersonBuild- ceremony. With one exception, the tions produced ing, a landmark in awards were allrelatedtothe in 2000 in con- the nation's capi- Library's Bicentennial, celebrated on junctionwith tal as well as one April 24, 2000. the Library's Bi- of the country's The Library won first place for Best Web Pages (for centennial cele- great architectu- America's bration. ral treasures. The Librarywww.americaslibrry.gov), "We are honored that the Library'sbook offers an illustrated tour of Best Press Kit (Bicentennial press publications continue to be recog-the Jefferson Building's art, architec- kit) and Best Promotional Campaign nized for design excellence by ourture, and sculpture, created by some (for the Toolkit and Tip Sheet). The peers in the publishing community"50 artists and artisans. From A Toolkit and Tip Sheet package was said W. Ralph Eubanks, the Library's(for arch) to Z (for zigzag),it sent to the nation's public libraries director for publishing. "In conjunc-explores the building's unusual with ideas on how to participate in tion with Archetype Press, our designarchitectural detailsegg-and-dart the Library's Bicentennial while at partner, the Publishing Office devel-molding, helixes, jambs, pilasters, the same time promoting their own oped a classic, timeless design forquoins, spandrels, tripods, vaults libraries. the book to showcase the architec-and even an X-motif printer's mark. For a project unrelated to the Bicen- tural richness of the Library's ThomasIllustrations and descriptions are tennial, the Library of Congress Infor- Jefferson Building, which was builtjoined by a colorful alphabet drawn mation Bulletin won second place for more than 100 years ago." from the Library's collection of rare Best Newsletter. Held in Washington on June 7, thebooks and manuscripts. The National Associationof 16th Annual Washington Book Pub- Established in 1976, Washington Government Communicators is a lishers Design Effectiveness Com-Book Publishers has more than 200 not-for-profit professional network petition presented awards to 38 win- members from book publishing orga- of federal, state and local gov- ners in three categories of publishersnizations in the area. ernment employees acrossthe from nearly 150 books submitted. The Library of Congress: An Architec- nation who disseminate informa- The Library's publication garnered the tural Alphabeta 64-page hardbound tion within and outside govern- prestigious "Best of Show" award. Thebook, with 29 color photographsis ment. Its members are editors, award was presented to the Libraryavailable for $17.95 in major book- writers, graphic artists, video pro- and co-publisher Pomegranate by Jon-stores and from the Library of Con- fessionals, broadcasters, photogra- athan Yardley, senior book editor forgress Sales Shops. For credit card phers, information specialists and Book World. orders call (202) 707-0204. agency spokespersons.

Tillett ship and Cataloging & Classification of the Office of Defense Mobilization, sec- continued from page 163 Quarterly, and has chaired severalretary of the Department of Health, Edu- committees of the American Librarycation and Welfare; chairman of the U.S. Ms. Tillett holds a bachelor's degreeAssociation and the International Fed-Commission on Civil Rights; and co-chair from Old Dominion College in Nor-eration of Library Associations. Ms. of the Save Our Security Coalition. In 1994 folk, Va., a master's in library scienceEllett has also published extensivelyPresident Clinton awarded Flemming, who from the University of Hawaii inin the field of library and informationdied in 1996, the Medal of Freedom. and a Ph.D. from the Uni-science. In the late 1940s, Hemming suggested versity of California at Los Angeles. Arthur Sherwood Flemming'sthat the Washington, D.C., Downtown Jay- She has held various positions at thecareer spanned seven decades of ser-cees create an award to recognize excep- Library of Congress since 1994, includ-vice to the federal government andtional employees in the federal govern- ing Chief of the Cataloging Policy andhigher education. He was a member ofment. In 1948 the first Hemming Awards Support Office. She is a member of the the U.S. Civil Service Commission, thewere given out. More than 400 individuals editorial board of Advances in Librarian-president of three universities, directorhave received the award.

164 INFORMATION BULLETIN *Siss 0

* Letters of Delegates Library Publication Wins Indexina Honors

Ronald M. Gephart and Paul H.entries, from John Smith, retired Library of Con-Abail, aSeneca gress Manuscript Division historians, Indian chief, to John are the recipients of the H.W. WilsonZubly,aGeorgia Award for Excellence in Indexing fordelegate, with an thPir cumulative in-1 ex of Letters ofaddidonal 30,000 Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789, pub- subentries and more lished by the Library in 2000. Mr.than 250,000 page Gephart accepted the award on Junereferences. It sheds 3 at the 33rd Annual Meeting oflight on congressio- the American Society of Indexers innal involvement in Boston. Evelyn Sinclair accepted a spe- military and dip- cial citation on behalf of the Library'slomatic affairs, the Publishing Office for its role in thework of hundreds of publication. congressional com- Mr. Smith and Mr. Gephart devotedmittees, the affairs most of their careers in the Manu-ofcongressional script Division to finding, transcrib-departmentssuch ing, , indexing and publishingas War and Trea- Ann Gephart the first 25 volumes of all the knownsury and the con-Ronald Gephart, Victoria Agee and Evelyn Sinclair correspondence of 344 delegates whotests over the loca-won honors for their work on Letters of Delegates served in the Continental Congresstion of the federalto Congress, 1774-1789. from August 1774 through July 1789, capital. their speeches, notes of debate and The overall alphabetical arrange-obtained from the Superintendent of other unofficial documents. With ament allows the reader to scan lengthyDocuments. generous grant from the Ford Foun-main entries such as "Congress"; A digital version of volumes 1-25 is dation, the first volume of the edition""; "Washington,available on CD-ROM from Historical was published in 1976 for the nation'sGeorge"; and individual countries andDatabase. It may be ordered for $325 bicentennial. With the help of pro-states in the order in which eventsfrom Historical Database, 6387 South- fessional indexers Victoria Agee andunfolded. east Highway No. 42, Summerfield, Gale Rhoades, the cumulative index The reader can also follow the legis-FL 34491 or by calling (800) 347-3094. (volume 26) was completed in 2000lative careers of such notables asMore information may be obtained to coincide with the Library's Bicen-John Adams and James Madison, ason thecompany's Web site tennial. well as congressional stalwarts such(www.historicaldatabase.com). Plans In an Ohio History book review,as Roger Sherman of Connecticut,are under way to make the series acces- the Letters of Delegates to CongressThomas McKean of Delaware andsible on the Library of Congrp.. A was describedclS"one of the mostEthridge Gerry of Massachusetts. ican Memory Web site (www.loc.gov). noteworthy and useful series to Volume 26 of Letters of DelegatesA number of related materials, such have appeared in the past 100 yearsto Congress, 1774-1789 is availableas the Library's 34-volume Journals of of historical editing and publish-by mail from the Superintendentthe , are already ing in Amer- ofDocuments,accessible on the Century of Law- ica." Michael New Orders,making home page (memory.loc.gov/ Hill,are- PO Box 371954,ammem/amlaw). search assis- Pittsburgh, PA The ASI / Wilson Award was estab- tant for his- 15250-7954. Tele- lished in 1978 to recognize the index- torian David phone orders mayers and publishers who provide high- McCullough, be placed by call-quality indexes to serve their readers. said the first ing (202) 512-1800 The American Society of Indexers is a five volumes to charge copiesnational association founded in 1968 of Letters were "hugely helpful" into Visa or MasterCard, or by sendingto promote excellence in indexing and preparation of Mr. McCullough's best- a fax to (202) 512-2250. The 805-page to increase awareness of the impor- selling biography John Adams. work sells for $49 (cite stock numbertance of quality in book indexing. The 805-page cumulative index,030-000-00285-7 when ordering byFurther information is available on a 3.5 million-byte file in electronicmail or by telephone). Previous vol-theorganization'sWebsiteat form, contains more than 20,000 mainumes, at various prices, may still bewww.asindexing.org.

JULY-AUGUST 2001 e2.6? 165 0

Growing Up at the Library Son of Former Librarian Discusses Memoir

By CHERYL McCULLERS William H. MacLeish, son of poet and former Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish (1939-44) recently returned to Washington, where he had spent his formative years, to discuss his new memoir, Uphill with Archie: A Son's Journey. Sponsored by the Center for the Book and the Humanities and Social Sciences Division, the May 24 lecture was part of the Library's Books & Beyond author series. Mr. MacLeish, an accomplished jour- nalist and author, titled the book after Uphill Farm, the family home in Con- necticut, but it is also a metaphor for his relationship with his father. Author William MacLeish (left) came to the Library to speak about his "This memoir is about how I found afather, former Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish (1939-44), the way to relate to both of my parents assubject of a new memoir, "Uphill with Archie." people," he said. "It wasn't until after my parents died that I started referring to them by their given names, ArchieUphill Farm now and then, and made His admiration for Roosevelt's New and Ada. "It seemed strange at first, butour walks out to be explorationsDeal efforts were not enough to woo then I began to see how it evoked them through savage country." Archibald MacLeish to the position of in full, as people and not just parents." By the time he turned 47, ArchibaldLibrarian of Congress. It would take a Mr. MacLeish was a child of privi-MacLeish had worked as a World Warsecond letter from the president, prom- lege, but he is quick to note some ofI ambulance driver, as an editor forising time for writing, academic pur- the emotional shortcomings that occurFortune magazine and had establishedsuits and travel, coupled with the harsh when a family is governed by the rules himself as a published poet. reality that he could only afford to of social standing. "My father could do anything, andremain at Harvard another two years, "I was desperate for Archie," saidby virtue of that, deciding what to doto fully convince Archibald MacLeish Mr. MacLeish who remembered his was something of torture." to accept the position. childhood years as "a confusing com- The stresses and exhaustion of con- "With Roosevelt, Archie had the bination of too much comfort and notstant travel and demanding careers hadchance to serve a cause he believed in," enough challenge." begun to take a toll on Archie's health. said Mr. MacLeish. "Both Archie and Ada had a pen- "He ran himself ragged and then his Archibald MacLeish held to the belief chant for being somewhat distant heart began missing beats and sendingthat the American people should be during my early years, he said. "Ahim other distress signals," said hiseducated in their own culture, and lot of their aloofness was generationalson. Of his own hectic pace, Archibaldthat the Library of Congress belonged and social. Upper-class families of theirMacLeish said, "I cannot remember ato the people. "The American people day tended to prefer seeing rather than quiet period in the life of my mind. It wasshould know more about books and hearing their children," he observed.either anguish at the sense of sin, intel-their power," he said. "By the time I came along, my siblings lectual doubt or a sense of social rage." William MacLeish was 11 years old had worn away some of my father's On June 6, 1939, Archibald MacLeishwhen his father became Librarian of tooth-and-claw views of fatherhood.received a letter from President Frank-Congress and the family moved to "Archie started showing me around lin D. Roosevelt asking him to accept anWashington. As a young boy, he had the appointment as ninth Librarian of Con-opportunity to explore the institution. gress. At the time, he was administra- "I remember going on a wild goose tor for Harvard University's Niemanchase through the Library's stacks in Fellowship program, which broughtsearch of a volume of books bound Book the country's brightest journalists toin human skin," said Mr. MacLeish, study at the university for a year. Hiswho was spurred on his mission by a earnings were a third of what he madefalse rumor. Beyon as editor of Fortune magazine but the With much the same sense of adven- work hours complied with the doctor'sture, young William explored his new orders to slow down and cut back. continued on page 169

166 INFORMATION BULLETIN .7: 2 g 0

'Guts...and Genius' Daniel Schorr's Lifetime in Journalism

By LEANNE KEARNS Teteran reporter and award-win- VV ning commentator Daniel Schorr, talking about his new book at the Book Library on June 7, recalled a one-word prescription for so crescA Ca hrnadcast Juieyonu journalist: Sincerity. Mr. Schorr said a young producer gave him one piece of advice 48 years ago, when he first started in the tele- doing is a lie," he observed. vision business: "Sincerity is the key. He cited the industrywide prac- If you can fake that. ..." His Library tice of inserting reporters' "reaction audience responded with laughter, as shots" into on-the-air stories. "There it did throughout his speech, as Mr. are three basic reactions," said Mr. Schorr recalled moments from a life in Schorr. "Agree, disagree, neutral." journalism. He treated the audience to a humor- Mr. Schorr's memoir, Staying Tuned: ous demonstration of all three. A Life in Journalism, was the subject He gave a firsthand example. After a particularly grueling on-air of a Books & Beyond lecture spon- Charlynn Spencer Pyne sored by the Library's Center for the Daniel Schorr interview with an East German offi- Book. Published by Pocket Books, Mr. cial who walked off the stage in Schorr's book was described recentlyhim the guts to challenge and probe thethe middle of Mr. Schorr's report, by Kirkus Reviews as "a marvelousparticipants and the genius to describeformer CBS Chairman William memoir of an enviable life, writtenthem with clarity and utterance." Paley praised Mr. Schorr for the with style and real wit." Mr. Schorr opened with a summation"quiet, serene way" he reacted. John Cole, director of the Center forof his career: "I have devoted a very,When Mr. Schorr explained about the Book, introduced Mr. Schorr withvery long career to trying to make outprerecorded reaction shots spliced a quote from Washington Post colum-the world, trying to find out what hap-into the broadcast, Paley asked, "Is nist E.J. Dionne, who wrote, "God gave pens in the world and then, if I can,that honest?" Mr. Schorr replied, Daniel Schorr the chance to be presenttrying to explain it to those people who"No, but it's what I learned at your at almost all of the important momentsneed to know." network." in history during the last 60 years, gave Mr. Schorr began his career in jour- The enormous amount of infor- nalism before television was invented.mation now availablethrough "I first saw a prototype demonstrated atbooks, television, magazines, radio the 1939 World's Fair in New York," heand the Internet have led Mr. Schorr recalled. to change his mission within the 8-, Fewcould have guessed the impactfield. the new device would have on the news. "The more I find that we are It gave rise to the field of broadcastflooding Americans with informa- journalism and, in Mr. Schorr's opinion,tion, the less I find that they are began the process of blurring the lineunderstanding that information," between news and entertainment. Afterhe said. "Now I no longer devote a while, he began to worry about thismy time to finding out what people new medium. don't want to tell you, but rather He prefaced his remarks by noting thetake what people have already told presence of Librarian Emeritus Daniel J. us and try to invest it with some Boorstin, who, Mr. Schorr noted, "wrotemeaning." several books on the subject of what he Toward this end, Mr. Schorr ALIFE IN JOURNALISM calls the 'pseudo event." joined a fledgling cable news net- Mr. Schorr said he is disturbed bywork called CNN. He is currently television's practice of simulating situ-a senior news analyst for National Danie- Schorr ations without notifying the audiencePublic Radio. His work has earned that what they are seeing is staged. "Forhim numerous awards for excel- people in this field, simulation and real-lence and integrity in journalism, ity become merged to the point thatincluding three Grammy Awards. they no longer realize that what they are continued on page 169

JULY-AUGUST 2001 167 o

The Emergence of Pragmatism Louis Menand Discusses The Metaphysical Club

BY JOHN MARTIN A uthor Louis Menand discussed his critically acclaimed new book, The Metaphysical Club, at the Library of Congress on May 30. Ambitious in scope, the book charts the transforma- tion of American intellectual thought from 1865 to 1919 and traces the emer- gence of "pragmatism," a distinctly American philosophy based on experi- ence and experiment rather than fixed principles. Louis Menand is Distinguished Pro- fessor of Literature at City University of New York and a staff writer for The New Yorker. He is the author of a book on T.S. Eliot, Discovering Modernism (Oxford University Press, 1987); the editor of The John Y. Cole Future of Academic Freedom (University Louis Menand of Chicago Press, 1996); and Pragmatism: A Reader (Vintage, 1997). Mr. MenandThe book's title, The Metaphysical received a Ph.D. in English and Com-Club, refers to the conversational parative Literature from Columbia Uni-club begun by Holmes, Peirce, LOUIS MENAND versity in 1980. James and their Harvard friend The Center for the Book sponsoredChauncy Wright in 1872. the program as part of its "Books & "They used to get together at 8:30experience of the Civil War provided Beyond" series. Director John Y. Colep.m. at Holmes's house, usually withthe catalyst for the deliberate re-cre- introduced Mr. Menand, noting thata bottle of rum," said Mr. Menand, "to ation of American intellectual and cul- the Library's collections are especiallyargue about the meaning of life, which tural life. The war led to the America strong in the subject covered by theis something people did in 19th cen-of today, a modern industrial and plu- book, 19th century American intellec-tury Cambridge." ralistic society. Northern victory, and tual and cultural history. His brother's forays into the abstrusethe triumph of the federal government, Mr. Menand takes a biographicaldid not impress Henry James. "Myspelled the end of parochialism and approach, exploring the developmentbrother," he wrote a friend, "has formed permitted a territorial, commercial and of pragmatism through the lives anda metaphysical club; it gives me a head- industrial expansion across the con- careers of its progenitors: Supremeache just to know it." tinent. "The war, however," said Mr. Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Although the club dissolved afterMenand, "was also traumatic, violent Jr.; psychologist William James, whoonly nine months, its members carried and horrible beyond the expectations popularized the term "pragmatism"the ideas germinated in those meet-of those who survived it. It discred- and was a brother of the writer Henryings into their future careers in law, ited the ideas, beliefs and assumptions James; Charles Sanders Peirce, a bril-academia and public life. Mr. Menand of the prewar world." The devastation liant but self-destructive scientist andviews the club "as the symbolic start-wrought by a clash of ideals, argued philosopher; and John Dewey, foundering point for the deliberate re-creation Mr. Menand, convinced Holmes, Peirce of the American Association of Uni-of intellectual culture." Pragmatists, and, later, Dewey, of the need for a new, versity Professors, often described asexplained Mr. Menand, rejected thenondoctrinal approach to political and America's "first public intellectual."traditional philosophical approach ofsocial problems. linked ideas, abstract and logical. As Also known as "humanism," prag- he writes in the book, "They helpedmatism, said Mr. Menand, is a kind put an end to the idea that the universeof antifundamentalism. "It attempts is an idea, that beyond the mundaneto free people from the shackles of Book business of making our way as best wereceived belief systems." From this can in a world shot through with con-standpoint, it has been criticized as tingency, there exists some order, invis-being without values or origins. The Beyon ible to us, whose logic we transgress atnew philosophy, nevertheless, steadily our peril." gained ground in the late 19th and According to Mr. Menand, the mixedearly 20th centuries. Espoused by

168 INFORMATION BULLETIN s Menand that sedition case, Holmes defended continued from page 168 free speech, not as a matter of individ- ual rights, but because he believed the Dewey, it helped establish the princi-"marketplace of ideas" thus created Books& ple of academic freedom in Americanto be a desirable social good . Holmes universities. Its emphasis on the exter-personally did not agree with the nal causes of social problems, suchviolent, Socialist content of the dis- B eyard as crime and poverty, is reflected inputed speech, writing a friend after the Progressivist policies of early-the ruling that he "had just defended 20th century social reformers, such asthe right of the donkey to drool." that was attractive to a country that . The influence of prag- Despite its significant impact in thewas leading the free world in a great matism also appears in the Supremefirst quarter of the 20th century, prag- ideological clash." Court jurisprudence of Holmes, asmatism, said Mr. Menand, "goes into epitomized in his 1919 dissentingalmost complete eclipse during theMr. Martin is an examiner in the U.S. opinion in Abrams v. United States. InCold War. ... It was not a philosophy Copyright Office.

Schorr retary of the Communist Party of thecamera in a live broadcast. When he continued from page 167 Soviet Union. He attempted to learncame to number 17, he saw "Daniel from Khrushchev when he planned toSchorr, a real media enemy." Throughout his career, Mr. Schorrcall the meeting. "If absolutely neces- "It was the most electrifying moment has had the opportunity to interviewsary, we will have the meeting with-in my career," recalled Mr. Schorr. many heads of state, including formerout you," Khrushchev joked. "Suddenly I had become the news." He president Richard Nixon and former Mr. Schorr found Richard Nixon toquickly read the remaining names on Soviet prime minister Nikita Khrush-be less friendly. In fact, Mr. SchorrNixon's list and concluded his report: chev. He enjoyed a more cordial rela- appeared on Nixon's infamous "Ene-"And now back to you. ..." tionship with the dictator than themies List." "That's the term he used," When asked by someone in the audi- president. "Khrushchev was a peasantsaid Mr. Schorr. "Not adversaries orence about broadcast legend Edward type, very open, with a great sense ofopponents, but enemies." R. Murrow, Mr. Schorr said, "In our humor," recalled Mr. Schorr. When Mr. Schorr was outside abusiness there are few real heroesa During his stay in the Soviet Union,federal courthouse during the Senatelot of stars and celebritiesbut few Mr. Schorr was planning to take someWatergate hearing in 1973, someonereal heroes. Edward R. Murrow was time off for vacation but feared hehanded him the first page of Nixon'sone of the very few true heroes." would miss an emergency energyEnemies List, which consisted of 20 meeting to be convened by Khrush-names. Not bothering to scan the list Ms. Kearns is an intern in the Public chev, who, in 1957, was the first sec-first, he read the names before the Affairs Office.

MacLeish MacLeish, he was faced with the task of continued from page 166 doing a job for which there was no set job description, and so he invented his own. LphHil Georgetown neighborhood. This included an administrative reorga- "It was part of the city, yet it felt likenization of the entire institution, which Arvilde a village to me." took several yearstnimplement. As The MacLeish's new household wasa result, basic functions such as cata- across the street from Supreme Courtloging were improved, thereby ridding Justice Felix Frankfurter and his wife,the Library of huge cataloging backlogs. Marion, with whom the family becameDuring his tenure, MacLeish also insti- friendly. His home was frequented bytuted a recording studio that made it such notables as poet Carl Sandburgpossible for the Library to augment its and folklorist Alan Lomax. During onecollections of American folk music and of his parents' many social gatherings,produce albums of in-house concerts and William had occasion to play the accor- readings. dion for Lomax, who in turn invited Archibald MacLeish's post as Librarian musician Huddie William"Leadbelly"of Congress ended in 1944, when Presi- Ledbetter to the MacLeish home todent Roosevelt appointed him to the posi- play guitar. tion of assistant secretary of state for cul- "My childhood was incredible," Mr.tural and public affairs. His main duties MacLeish recalled. were to develop the framework for the At the same time, his father wasUnited Nations. settling into his new position at the Of his father's many travels with Roosevelt, William MacLeish recalled, "I can Library of Congress. After "hittingsee them together, a president and a poet on the roof of the world." the job like the brush of a comet," as one observer noted of Archibald Ms. McCullers is on a detail to the Public Affairs Office.

JULY-AUGUST 2001 169 ,ta o \V/'0

Fern Underdue Paul Hogrotan Fern Underdue Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.), journalist Steve Roberts and biographer Edmond Morris read excerpts from War Letters: Extraordinary Correspondence from American Wars at the Library May 16. Correspondence in the Worst of Times Library Hosts Evening of Readings of War Letters

BY JOHN MARTIN The Center for the Book and the Andrew Carroll began"Project n the tense days preceding the out- American Folklife Center cosponsoredLegacy" to preserve America's rapidly Ibreak of the Revolutionary War, Abi- the event to kick off a new three-year diminishing firsthand chronicle of war- gail Adams urged her husband, futurenational reading promotion theme, time experience and emotions. president John Adams, to declare inde- "Telling America's Stories." Center for "Every day these letters are getting pendence without delay, while chiding the Book Director John Y. Cole and thrown away or lost," he said. "This is him about the despotic nature of his Veterans History Project Director Ellena tragedy. They are the first unfiltered own sex. Lovell introduced Mr. Carroll and thedraft of history." A staged burlesque has nothing onguest readers. Authorized by Congress Andrew Carroll is the founder of the amusing but urgent plea of a Civillast year, the Veterans Oral History Project Legacy, a national, all volunteer War soldier who personally writesProject will collect oral histories, letters, campaign that encourages Americans Abraham Lincoln to obtain a discharge diaries and other materials that reflectto safeguard wartime correspondence. from the Union Army so that he can the legacy of American veterans. The May 16 program begins Mr. Car- save his family from the lusty excesses ^ - roll's trip to 20 American cities in search of his faithless wife. of historically significant war letters. Bravura and pathos mix in the words Mr. Carroll is the editor of a previous of Theodore Roosevelt as he describes EXTRAOHOINART CORRESPONDENCE collection of historic American letters events surrounding the death of his * from * and of a collection of famous 20th cen- youngest child, Quentin, a World War AMERICAN WARS tury speeches. In 1994, he co-founded I fighter pilot. the Literacy Project with former poet An absent father's birthday letter to laureate the late Josef Brodsky. his son captines the quiet sacrifices of Project Legacy struck gold when peace-keeping duty from a U.S. mili- it amassed more than 50,000 copies tary base in war-torn Bosnia. of original war correspondence in ABC News correspondent Cokie response to a request for assistance Roberts, Sen. Daniel K. Inouye, Sen. published by Abigail Van Buren in a John McCain and writer Christopher 1998 "Dear Abby" column. Not all of Buckley were among the participants the letters featured in the program can that read from these and other letters be found among the approxiniately selected from a new book edited by 200 compiled in the book. Others, writ- author Andrew Carroll, War Letters: Rca oa &c? ten in the authentic vernacular of the Extraordinary Correspondence from Amer- LYSI1MECT/ MikifiMirilf611. combat soldier, were read to the audi- ican Wars (Scribner, 2001), during a 060e4,10-4,aP,00.timo ence in slightly edited form. Books & Beyond program held at the woo er000 anan,ana mrDortic,e c Washingtoncommentatorand Library on May 16. ABC News journalist Cokie Roberts

170 292 INFORMATION BULLETIN * 0

"Dear Mr. Lincoln: When the Civil War broke out, I went right in. I did and I fought and bled for the cause and left my wife and family. And when I Caine home on furlough last month I found she had been diddling other men. And I would like to have a discharge to take care of my chil- dren, for I won't live with her, and I don't want any of my children to live with her, for she diddles all the timeand has got the clap, which I now have got too. And I want a discharge for me to take care of my children when I get well. Yours truly and affectionately, John M. Newton" Lincoln, it is reported, accepted the soldier 's plea and granted his discharge. Sen. Daniel K. Inouye (D-Hawaii)

Paul Hograan and Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) read War Letters editor Andrew Carrollwith Center for the Book Directorletters that told more somber stories. John Cole review the program priorto the presentation on iViay 16. Senator Inouye received the Con- gressional Medal of Honor and was began the program by reading a letterfrom his wife, Marcellus would typeseverely wounded during World War from Abigail Adams to her husband,brief retorts directly on the letter andII as part of the now legendary 442nd John Adams, a delegate to the Con-return it to her in the States. TheirRegimental Combat Team, a unit tinental Congress then debating thedialogue shows that love and fidelitycomposed entirely of Japanese Amer- question of formal separation fromwere matters of anxiety in the trenchesicans, many of whose families had Great Britain. In addition to demand-and on the homefront. been interred in the United States ing political independence for the Goldie: So some of the men in after the bombing of Pearl Harbor 13 Colonies, Mrs. Adams challenged your Co. go with girls. and officially classified as "enemy her husband and his fellow lawmak- aliens." ers to extend the principles of liberty Edward: No, not girls, frauleins. During July 1944, Pfc. Ernest Uno, and equality to women as they ham- Goldie: Well, dear Ed, I suspect a Japanese American serving with the mered out the framework of the new there is much more of "not being 442nd, wrote his sister from Italy, scene democracy. loyal" by the girls over here. of some of the most brutal fighting of "I long to hear that you have declared an independency," wrote Edward: Yes, I know all Mrs. Adams. "And by the way, in about them. the new code of laws which I sup- Goldie: I just read pose it will be necessary for you to in the paper where make, I desire you would remember a returned soldier the ladies, and be more generous came back only to and favorable to them than your find the one he had ancestors. Do not put such unlim- been true to in love ited power into the hands of the hus- with another man, so bands. Remember, all men would be he killed her. tyrants if they could." Adams, said Ms. Roberts, replied Edward: Yes, you'll that he would call on General Washing- find the members of ton to deploy all his troops rather than the A.E.F. are not submit to"petticoat government." afraid to kill. Ms. Roberts and her husband, Steve The room erupted in Roberts, also a journalist, togetherlaughter when Mr. Rob- read portions of the unique World War erts read an 1863 letter I exchange between Goldie Marcellusfrom John M. Newton, an Paul Hograian and her husband, Edward, a clerk sta-enlisted man in the Union Steve and Cokie Roberts read selections from tioned at forward bases in Germany. Army, to President Abra- the timeless correspondance of John and Upon getting a handwritten missive ham Lincoln. Abigail Adams.

JULY-AUGUST 2001 e pc? 171 293 Paul Hogrolan Paul Hogroian Author Andrew Carroll discusses his collection of war letters with readers Christopher Buckley and Sen. Daniel inouye (D-Hawaii) in the Center for the Book office prior to the Books & Beyond presentation. the war. band would play Yankee Doodle onlyevery day, are written with real joy in "There was one time while we werewe got up. But as soon as that bandthe 'great adventure' .... He had his fighting that one sniper killed one ofstarted to play God Bless America,crowded hour, he died at the crest of our men. A [local] woman saw himeveryone, no matter where they werelife, in the glory of the dawn." die, and she sat by the body and wept.from, just stood up and started to sing. Also present was Gary F. Powers Jr., Maybe she had a son once, who knows?It was really great. It made me feel realthe son of Francis Gary Powers, the But she refused to leave the body, andgood. I wish people back home couldpilot of the U-2 spy plane that was between tears, she tried to tell us howhave seen it. shot down on May 1, 1960, during the horrible it was to see an American sol- "I imagine a lot of them would sayheight of the Cold War, while on a dier die for their sake. It was veryit was a bunch of drunken sailors thatsurveillance mission for the CIA. Mr. pathetic." didn't even know what they were sing-Powers read the first letter his father Private Uno survived the war and,ing. But it wasn't that at all. It was asent his parents from his jail cell in after a 30-year career with the YMCA,bunch of guys that are proud of theirMoscow. Despite being a guest of the studied theology and became a deaconcountry and will fight and die if neces-KGB and facing a possible death sen- of the Episcopal Church. sary for it." tence for crimes against the Soviet state, Senator McCain, a former Navy On July 29, 1967, four days afterMr. Powers's main concern was for the fighter pilot who served in Vietnam,Zwerlein wrote his letter, the acci-pain his predicament would cause his read a letter to home from Airman 3/Cdental detonation of a missile on afamily. Robert Zwerlein, one of his shipmatesloaded flight deck sparked an inferno "I sincerely hope that you both are on the U.S.S. Forrestal, an aircraft car- that engulfed the Forrestal. During thewell," Mr. Powers wrote. "I was very rier on station in the Gulf of Tonkin. explosion and ensuing battle to saveworried about how this news would "Ya know, Sue, the night before wethe ship, 134 sailors lost their lives,affect you. Mom please take care of pulled out of the Philippines to leaveincluding Airman Zwerlein, who diedyourself and believe me when I say I for Yankee Station some guys and Ifrom his wounds on August 1, 1967. Heam being treated much better than I went to the club for a couple (80 orwas 21 years old. expected to be... Dad, you see that 90) drinks. Well... there are guys from Pulitzer Prize-winning biographerMom takes care of herself ... I am very all over the USA and as it always hap-Edmond Morris read President Theo-sorry about all this. I am sorry for all pens the band would play DIXIE and dore Roosevelt's affecting letter to Mrs.the pain and anxiety I have caused you all the guys from the south wouldH.L. Freeland, a woman who had writ-and am still causing you." start singing and yelling and cursing ten him condolences on the death of his After almost two years in prison, the Yankees from the north and the son, Quentin, a pilot serving in WorldMr. Powers was released in a prisoner same thing would happen when theWar I. Because of the lag in communi-exchange and rejoined his family. cations between the front lines and theDuring the ensuing years, his son said, States, Roosevelt continued to receiveMr. Powers harbored no resentment mail from Quentin after he alreadyabout the incident. He also, appar- knew of his death. ently, managed to balance humor with Book "It is hard to open the letters comingthe need to keep classified information from those you love who are dead," secret. Roosevelt wrote, "but Quentin's last "Dad, how high were you really Beyon letters, written... whenof his squad-flying when you got shot down?" Mr. ron on an average a man was killed continued on page 174 294 172 tt INFORMATION BULLETIN P Culture, Technology, Rationality, Faith Intellectual Debates in Islam in the New Global Era

By MARY-JANE DEEB the Eastern church and Qn June 27 the Afri- theWesternCatholic canandMiddle Church, which has never Eastern Division and the been bridged. Office of Scholarly Pro- The last panelist, Mr. grams co-sponsored a Sanneh, discussed the symposium on the other side of the issue: "Intellectual Debates in the impact the Christian Islam in the New Global West has had on the Era." This is the sixth Muslim world. He symposium in the series focused his discussion onGlobalizationin primarily on the modern Muslim Societies that world since the late 19th was made possible by century. He argued that a grant from the Rocke- the Western concept of a feller Foundation. nation state was an intru-

The first panel, "Criti- Anclu Donu sive construct that under- cal Issues in the DebateDirector of Scholarly Programs Prosser Gifford, Mohamedmined the Islamic con- onIslam,"includedArkoun of the Sorbonne in Paris and Charles Butterworthcept of an umma, a term Mohamed Arkoun, emer-of the University of Maryland open the symposium with aderived from "mother," itus professor of Islamicpanel on "Critical Issues in the Debate on Islam." meaning a motherland Studies at the Sorbonne for all Muslims irrespec- in Paris, and Charles Butterworth, pro-faith and 'rationalist' approaches to tive of their national, cultural or ethnic fessor of political science in the Depart-knowledge vs. more traditional andbackground. National borders divided ment of Government and Politics at theless critical approaches to acquiringMuslims and created entities that were University of Maryland. Prosser Gif-knowledge. Mr. Butterworth said theremodeled on secular and Western philo- ford, director of the Office of Scholarlyare several intellectuals in Egypt, Iran,sophical premises to them. Hence Programs, chaired the panel. Morocco and Tunisia whose work hasthe debates taking place in Muslim Mr. Arkoun discussed the role of the shed led light on the intellectual fer-sub-Sahara African countries such as Muslim intellectual in the Middle Eastment that exists in the region despiteNigeria include two schools of thought: and North Africa. He maintained thatnumerous state imposed obstacles. whether it is better to "re-Islamize" intellectuals in the region had little The second panel, "Interfaces ofthe polity by "Islamizing" state insti- freedom to express their views orIslam and Christianity" was chairedtutions, or "Islamize" the society at a pursue their interests. Pressures fromby this writer. It included Jaroslavmore basic level. the top, i.e., from authoritarian govern-Pelikan, Sterling Emeritus Professor The debate that followed raised ments, and from the bottom, includ-of History at Yale and Distinguishedmany questions on the best approach ing ;hos:: hc called "fundanienidi-Visiting Scholar at the Library of Con-to the study of religion and society. ists," blocked the free debate of ideasgress, and Lamin Sanneh, D. WillisOne of the major questions is whether and the questioning of religiously and James Professor of Missions and Worldsocial science approaches of the West politically accepted tenets. He ques-Christianity in the Divinity School atought to be applied to the study of tioned whether men of religion couldYale University. Islam in non-Western societies, or really be intellectuals being bound Mr. Pelikan provided an overviewwhether it would be better to find by their faith and their position, andof the impact of Islam on Europe andalternative methodologies that reflect argued that it was preferable for intel-on Christianity in the first 100 yearsmore accurately the variety of cultures lectuals to distance themselves fromof its existence, from the seventh tothat exist within the Muslim world. religion to better be able to look at reli- the eighth century A.D. He argued that A cybercast of this symposium, as gious questions critically. Islam, by not denying Christianity butwell as others in the series on Global- Mr. Butterworth addressed some ofmerely claiming to be a continuationization in Muslim Societies (includ- the issues that Muslim intellectuals in of the Judeo-Christian tradition, chal-ing the role of women, law, minorities the Middle East are currently discuss-lenged Christians to look again at theirand intellectual debates in Islam) can ing, including freedom of association, own set of beliefs. Muslims believe thatbe viewed at www.loc.gov/locvideo/ of speech and of the press; the contri-God had sent a new prophet to affirmmslm/globalmuslim.html. bution that Islam has made to West-the basic tenets of faith and ensure ern civilization and that which the that humanity follow a righteous path. Ms. Deeb is the Arab world area specialist West is making to Muslim civilization;The impact of Islam, according to Mr. in the African and Middle Eastern culture vs. technology; rationality vs. Pelikan, led to a great divide between Division.

JULY-AUGUST 2001 173 o

Welcome Fellows NLS Honors Soros Foundation Fellows

By ROBERT E. FISTICK cal and economic changes. He said that sonal token of remembrance to each 'The Library of Congress's NationalNLS is a particular source of pride forSoros fellow. Linda Redmond, admin- 1 Library Service for the Blind andthe Library of Congress, because itsistrator of the 2001 NLS Soros program, Physically Handicapped (NLS) hosted mission is to enrich the lives of blindand the other committee members a reception on May 25 to honor theand physically handicapped individu-program coordinator Vivian Crump, 2001 Soros Foundation's visiting fel-als by making a variety of innovativeJudith Dixon and Carolyn Hoover lows, who completed their two-monthlibrary services accessible to them. HeSungpresented NLS plaques to each exchange program at NLS. The six thanked the NLS staff for their dedica-Soros fellow. Alexander Kungurov librarians represented Russia, the Czech tion to the NLS mission. received a special plaque in braille. Republic, Slovakia and Georgia. Dr. Billington presented Certificates Mr. Kungurov said that he was grate- NLS Director Frank Kurt Cy lke andof Completion to Alexander Mikhay-ful for the opportunity to spend two NLS staff welcomed the participants. lovichKungurov, Yekaterinburg,months at NLS learning about state-of- Mr. Cy Ike briefly described the the-art library services for blind experiences at NLS of the six and physically handicapped librarians from Eastern and Cen- "The Soros Program is a landmark people. He said that "the real tral Europe and the scope of work for him is just beginning" their exposure to a variety of effort that encourages the exchange when he returns to Russia. Ms. services available to blind and of ideas, information and experi- Kuznetsova summed up the physically handicapped people sentiments of the entire group in Washington, D.C., Baltimore, ences with librarians from coun- by expressing gratitude to the New York, Boston and Prince- tries undergoing profound politi- NLS staff for providing the Fel- ton, N.J. The participants vis- lows with the opportunity to ited several institutions in the cal and economic changes." learn and establish new con- Washington area, including the tacts with fellow librarians from Columbia Lighthouse for the fames H. Billington the Library of Congress. Ms. Elf- Blind, Gallaudet University, the Librarian of Congress imova said that she was look- Fairfax County Public Library, ing forward to visiting Wash- the Maryland Library for the ington again, on Aug. 13-15, to Blind and Physically Handicapped, theRussia; Nana Merabi Alexidze, Tbilisi, attend the IFLA Section of Libraries National Federation of the Blind and theGeorgia; Galina Sergeevna Elfimova,for the Blind Preconference. Daniela American Foundation for the Blind Inc.Moscow; Vladimira Sykorova, Prague, Tothova and Vladimira Sykorova also Dr. Billington presented CertificatesCzech Republic; Daniela Tothova,expressed their gratitude as partici- of Completion to each Soros fellow. HeBratislava, Slovakia; and Olga Leoni- pants in the Soros Program and thanked emphasized that the Soros Program isdovna Kuznetsova, St. Petersburg,the NLS staff for their friendship and unique, a landmark effort that encour-Russia. goodwill. ages the exchange of ideas, information Associate Librarian for Library Ser- and experiences with librarians fromvices Winston Tabb presented Library Mr. Fistick is head of the Publications and countries undergoing profound politi-of Congress paperweights as a per- Media Section at NLS.

Letters and how happy I was. It was the hap-more important to them than it is to continued from page 172 piest I have ever been in my life and Ipeople who live in America because will never forget that day ... That daysome Americans don't know much Powers Jr. says he used to ask as a boy. was so special to me that I think it isabout the sacrifices it represents or "Son, not high enough," his fatherright to have a celebration each year tothe peace it has brought to places like would reply. remember it. Bosnia. Washington writer and journalist "There aren't any stores here in "This flag was flown on the flagpole Christopher Buckley read the finalBosnia, so I couldn't buy you anyover the headquarters of Task Force letter in the program. toys or souvenirs for your birthday.4-67 Armor, Camp Colt, in the Posav- Maj. Tom 0' Sullivan, on peacekeep- What I am sending you is somethingMa Corridor of northern Bosnia-Her- ing duty in Bosnia, wrote the letter tovery special, though. It is a flag. This zegovina, on 16 September 1996. It was his son, Conor, on the occasion of hisflag represents America and makesflown in honor of you on your sev- seventh birthday. me proud each time I see it. Whenenth birthday. Keep it and honor it "I am very sorry that I could notpeople here in Bosnia see it ... theyalways." be home for your seventh birthday,"know that it represents freedom and, O'Sullivan wrote. for them, peace after many yearsMr. Martin is an examiner in the "I remember the day you were bornof war. Sometimes, this flag is even Copyright Office.

174 INFORMATION BULLETIN tl 296 Getty Gift Library Wins Grant for Conservation Training

The Library of Congress Preserva-pend, will focus on the developmentmore than 121 million items in the tion Directorate has received aand application of preventive conser-library's collections. Each year the three-year grant from the Getty Grantvation approaches to securing and sta-directorate preserves approximately Program to support the training ofbilizing Library materials. Collectionsa half-million items using a variety conservation professionals. The award in all formats and digital materialsof techniques and approaches. As the of $141,000 will be matched by thethat rPcido in the T ibrary's custodiallargest preservation program in the Library to support postgraduate train-divisions will provide a test bed forworld, the directorate maintains a ing in preventive conservation, anthis training, including books, photo-comprehensive and balanced program area of increasing importance in thegraphs, motion picture films, soundstaffed by 170 individuals that pro- Library's preservation programs. recordings and works on paper. vides preventive and remedial care for "The generous support that the Getty Instruction will focus primarily on materials in all formats. Grant provides will enable the Librarylaboratory training, with one month The Getty Grant Program is part to take a leading role in training a newdevoted to visiting select museumsof the J. Paul Getty Trust, an inter- generation of conservators who will beand libraries to record the state of pre- national cultural and philanthropic responsible for preserving today's andventive conservation in practice. Theinstitution devoted to the visual arts tomorrow's cultural heritage," saidfindings will be published in a report. located at the Getty Center in Los Director for Preservation Mark Roosa. The Library of Congress Preserva-Angeles. Since its inception in 1984, Over the next three years, senior con-tion Directorate is responsible for assur- the Grant Program has supported servators in the Preservation Director-ing long term access to the intellectualmore than 2,500 projects in more than ate at the Library of Congress will traincontent of the Library's collections in150 countries. The Getty Trust also one conservator a year in the theoryoriginal or reformatted form and forincludes the J. Paul Getty Museum, and practice of preventive conserva-coordinating and overseeing the pres-the Getty Research Institute and the tion. The internships, which offer a sti-ervation and physical protection ofGetty Conservation Institute. Vox ex Machina Designers Compete to Develop Talking Book Machine

he National Library Service for theever faced," he said. tition to design a wireless device for TBlind and Physically Handicapped NLS has approximately 730,000 cas- universal access, was selected to co- (NLS) and the Industrial Designers sette talking book playback machines insponsor the competition with NLS. Society of America (IDSA) will chal-use worldwide today and maintains an The new digital playback equipment lenge student designers to create the inventory of more than 23 million ronipc will 11° specifically tailorad to the dis- next generation of digital talking bookof audio books and magazines. abled, while adhering to the principles playback machines. Under the U.S. copyright law, NLS isof universal design. The equipment The student design competition,permitted to mail the recordings and themust also be intuitive to use, have a tol- scheduled to begin Jan. 1, 2002, could playback equipment flee of charge to anyerance for operator error and require a result in a unique product that will help U.S. citizen who qualifies. low level of physical effort on the part thousands of visually impaired and oth- The first talking book playback of the user. erwise disabled people enjoy books and machines, dating back to 1933, played IDSA will offer information on the magazines each year. Close to a million 331/2 rpm records, which were inventedcompetition in its publications and on new machines will be produced in thefor the Library's talking book program. its Web site at www.idsa.org. IDSA will first 10 years after their introduction. Analog cassette playback machines, also distribute competition information "We need to move onto digital audio which are still in use, made their kits to all 54 IDSA-affiliated schools. to take advantage of improved userappearance in the 1970s. A jury assembled by NLS and IDSA will features and lower costs," said NLS When NLS decided to adopt digital convene in June 2002, and awards in the Director Frank Kurt Cy Ike. "The analogtechnology, the agency decided to amounts of $5,000 for first place, $2,000 machines have served us well, but theyinclude the playback equipment in thefor second place, and $1,000 for third are starting to move toward obsoles-plan. The decision was then made to place will be presented during the IDSA cence. The upgrade to digital versionsoffer industrial design students the National Conference, July 20-23, 2002. of not only the talking book playbackchance to compete for the winning For more information about services machines but also the vast audio collec- design. IDSA, which had recently com-provided by NLS, visit its Web site at tion is the greatest challenge NLS haspleted the Motorola student compe-www.loc.gov/n1s.

JULY-AUGUST 2001 175 297 Elizabeth L. Brown Diane Fox of Asheville, N.C., and Betsy Puls of Lafayette, Colo., examine sheet music. National History Day Teachers Convene at the NDL Learning Center

BY MARILYN PARR national competition held at the Uni-cally about 19th century reforms and Rrolution, reaction and reform inversity of Maryland at College Park. their effect on American society. Mr. istory was the topic of an all-day The workshop began in the MumfordKranz highlighted the developments in workshop hosted by the National Digi-Room with a welcome address by Johntransportation, the explosion of urban tal Library Learning Center on June 12Y. Cole, director of the Center for thegrowth and the decline of the agrar- for teachers, coaches and mentors of stu- Book. Mr. Cole discussed the develop- ian-based population. Focusing on the dents participating in National Historyment of the Library of Congress andNational History Day theme, he delin- Day. Each year these educators guidegrowth of the collections as a responseeated how students could view the their students in the creation of research to parallel changes in American cul-population shift to the cities as a reac- papers, visual exhibits, dramatic andture. His remarks ranged from the tion to shifts in farming patterns, or the musical performances and multimediaLibrary's foundingCongress's needreform movements targeting social ills documentaries for competitions heldfor a parliamentary library in the newas a reaction to overcrowding. throughout the United States. federal cityto the ravages of the The changes wrought by westward National History Day is a yearlong1814 fire in the Capitol and resultingexpansion and the pressures on Native educational experience directed atpurchase of Jefferson's collection, theAmericans were the focus of the pre- grades 6-12. The program focuses onsecond fire in the Capitol in 1851, andsentation by Randy Wells, National the teaching and learning of historythe long process leading up to the Digital Library Program team leader for in American schools and includes stu- move to the Jefferson Building in 1897. the Law Collections. Using the online dents in public, private, parochial and Guest speaker, LeAnn Potter, educa-collection (memory.loc.gov/ammem/ charter schools, as well as those who are tion specialist at the National Archives,amlaw/lawhome.html) of Indian Land home schooled. Students are encour-continued the thread of revolution,Cessions in the United States, 1784 to aged to create a project based on a reform and reaction with her talk about1894, in "A Century of Lawmaking," he theme; with next year's theme beingthe resources of the National Archivesdemonstrated how to use these maps the influence of any or all of thesethat are relevant to the overall themeand the accompanying legislation to factors in history: revolution, reactionfor National History Day. Ms. Pottertrack patterns of migration, land use, or reform. Through a series of localassured the teachers that the variousand settlement of Native Americans. and state competitions, the projects areregionalfacilitiesof the National Because National History Day proj- evaluated by professional historiansArchives are open to their studentsects focus on the use of primary and history teachers with an empha-with the appropriate documentation. documents, the afternoon sessions sis on the learning process. The History Marvin Kranz, Manuscript Divisionwere devoted to examining material Day experience culminates with thehistory specialist, spoke enthusiasti-accessed on American Memory or

176 INFORMATION BULLETIN 't frit 2%3 housed elsewhere within the Library's collections. In addition to tours of the Great Hall provided by Visitor Ser- vices Staff and docents, the teachers could select from workshops provid- ing hands-on experience using the Library's American Memory collec- tions of digitized historical materials, or one of five sessions led by curators and historians from the Library. Karen Needles,of the National Digital Library Learning Center, taught two sessionsonevaluatingprimary sources. This workshop, designed to teach the participants how to view material with a critical eye, studies the digitized manuscripts, sheet music, documents,photographs,maps, sound recordings and motion pictures for use in a classroom setting. Basic search techniques for using American Memory collections were taught by Danna Bell-Russel, of the National Digital Library Learning Center. In the workshop, she empha- Elizabeth t. Brown sized search strategies for accessing A History Day participant reviews manuscript material. material by subject or format, as well as encouraging the serendipi-Pictures Collection (memory.loc.gov/collection in Moscow and recom- tous nature of research. She also high-ammem/vfwhtml/vfwhome.html). Tomended that the Library open nego- lighted the resources, such as pathfind-compliment these collections, the edu- tiations for a microfilm copy to be ers, lesson plans, and the synonym list,cators were given a bibliography noting housed at the Library to ensure per- available to educators on the Library's the many text-based and electronicmanent availability of the material. LearningPage(memory.loc.gov/ resources for this subject. The collection documents Commu- ammem/ndlpedu). Photographs as a primary sourcenist Party activities, such as the Rosemary Plakas, of the Rare Bookwere illuminated by Jennifer Bra-attempts of the party to enroll share- and Special Collections Division; Sher-thovde, of the Prints and Photographscroppers in 1934. idan Harvey of the Humanities andDivision, in her session, "Native Marvin Kranz, and John Sellers, Social Sciences Division; Barbara Natan- People View Themselves: New Per-also a history specialist in the Manu- son, of the Prints and Photographs Divi- spectives on Photography." Selectingscript Division, completed the series sion; and Janice Ruth, of the Manuscript images from a variety of image collec-of smaller group presentations with a Division provided an in-depth look attions, including the Edmund S. Curtislook at sources for the study of the the sources for studying women's rights collection, the Look Magazine col- and the Civil and women's suffrag., nt thp T thc Yankor Poster collec-War. These documents, housed in the Their presentation included selectionstion, Ms. Brathovde showed individ-Manuscript Division, are continually from the National American Womanual portraits, school groups, sportsof interest to educators and students of Suffrage Association Collection and theteams and posters of American Indi-these periods and proved a fascinating online 'Votes for Women" Suffrageans from the 1880s to the late 1970s. glimpse into these important aspects of A contemporary col-American history. lection served as the The theme of revolution, reaction Al A " focalpointof Johnand reform will inspire numerous Haynes's session. TheNational History Day projects on the '' records of the Commu-American Revolution, women's suf- nist Party USA werefrage and abolitionism. Teachers will thought to be lost untilbe able to use the information from Mr. Haynes, a 20th cen-these workshops to assist students in tury history specialistdeveloping a wider range of topics A in the Manuscript Divi-based on documents and other pri- sion, tracked the col-mary sources housed at the Library and lection to the Russianaccessible on American Memory. State Archives of Social and Political History.Ms. Parr is acting coordinator of the Inl 993 he examined the National Digital Library Learning Center.

JULY-AUGUST 2001 177 vi''4.ca.: as ington isitry rr for Children

BY CHARLYNN SPENCER PYNE Cince 1998, the Library's Public Ser- Ovice Collections and Center for the Book have sponsored a spring "history lesson" for Washington schoolchildren to introduce students and teachers to the Library's collections. The series, which focuses on the themes of child- hood and education, brings to life topics in United States history through the presentation of photographs, maps, letters, poems, biographies, speeches, journals, diaries and other material housed in the Library's rich and varied collections. This year's program, "Discovering Hidden Washington: A Journey Through the Alley Communities of the Nation's Capital," held on May 22 in the Coolidge Auditorium, was attended by more than 400 students Marita V. Clance and teachers from J.O. Wilson, Wat-The Library's Coolidge Auditoriumwas filled to capacity with area kins, Janey, and Shepherd elementaryschoolchildren and their teachers. schools;Capitol Hill Day School; Sharpe Health School; and Stuart-Hob-director of the Center for the Book;Schugg-O'Neill, of the Geography and son Middle School. (A cybercast of the Adrienne Cannon, African AmericanMap Division. The Washington Revels program can be viewed on the "Dis-history and culture specialist in theperformers included lead baritone covering Hidden Washington" WebManuscript Division; Judith Gray, coor- Charles Williams, Andrea Blackford, site at www.loc.gov/loc/kidslc). dinator of reference services in theJoicey White Granados, Lisa Leak, Presented in collaboration with theAmerican Folklife Center; and MarvinMilan Pavich, Mary Swope, Harold Washington Revels, the program fea-Kranz, American history specialist inBlackford, Terell Izzard, Brian Moore, tured material from the Library's collec-the Manuscript Division. TechnicalRiki Schneyer, Michelle Terrell-Long, tions blended with music and themessupport was provided by Beverly Bran-Leroy Campbell, Curtis Jones, Keith from the 1998 "Shepherd's Alley"nan, of the Prints and PhotographsMoore, and Christina Speaks. Songs Christmas Revels performance. Ms. Division, Elizabeth Miller, of the Net-performed included "So Glad I'm Kresh served as emcee, and Librarywork Development and MARC Stan-Here," "Run Mary Run," "We've Come participants included John Y. Cole, dards Office, Colleen Cahill and Diane- a Long Way" and "Amazing Grace."

Manta V. Glance Manta V Glance Students "discover hidden Washington"; Diane Kresh introduces members of the Washington Revels.

178 INFORMATION BULLETIN 300 (-)

a 1

Marita V. Glance

Manta V. Clance

In opening the program, Ms. Kresh noted that this year's presentation was also part of the Library's "Telling Amer- ica's Story" reading promotion pro- Marita V. Glance gram. She said: "The Library of Con- gress is the nation's library, it is your library, it is the place where we collect stories of communities. For the next hour you will be a member of the Shep- herd Alley community of the 1880s." "Do you know why people lived in alleys?" she asked. "Lots of people moved North after the Civil War look- ing for jobs and opportunities, and the ""a Ct.= cities became overcrowded; so peopleScenes from "Discover- began creating communities wherevering Hidden Washington: they found themselves. They began cre-A Journey Through the ating cities within the city of Washing-Alley Communities of the ton, D.C. ... During that time there wereNation's Capital" 275 alley communities housing more Manta V. Glance than 16,000 people." James Borchert, in his landmark study, Alley Life in Washington: Family, Community, Religion, and Folklife in the City, 1850-1970 (Urbana, 1980), notes that while resi- dential directories in the 1850s list 50 alley communities that were probably built by owners of street-front prop- erties for servants and laborers in their employ, Wash- ington developers responded to the post-Civil War pop- ulation influx by building on both the street and the alley simultaneously with the assumption that the middle- class would live on the streets, and the working-class would live in the alleys. He also observes that in 1880, 93 percent of the alley residents were black, and 91 percent of the street residents were white. Manta V. Glance JULY-AUGUST 2001 3 01 179

! Mr. Kranzthen asked the students to "imagine that we are traveling to Washing- ton in a time machine that goes backward." He continued: "You wouldn't recognize the Washington of 1880. The Capitol was built and the White House, and a stump for the Manta V Clance Manta V. Clance Washington Monu-Audience participation played an important part of the program. Marvin Kranz (right) queries mentbecausetheymembers of the audience between performances by the Washington Revels (below). stopped buildingit from 1840 to 1880.... The city was The program continued much smaller then, extending only aswith photographicslides, far as Boundary Street, which today isnarrations and songs depict- Florida Avenue. Much of the Mall wasing life in the alley commu- a swamp and there were trains andnitieslife that was hard, in locomotives and railroad tracks run-dwellings that were dreary, ning across the Mall." in communities viewed by On an 1887 map of Washington Mr.many as breeding grounds Kranz noted a marker labeled "site offorcrime,diseaseand the Congressional Library" where thedespair. But, nevertheless, Jefferson Building now stands. He alsocommunities in which people discussed a city school map that cites"made a life for themselves

Sumner, Miner, Anthony Bowen, andraising families, going to Manta V. Glance other schools; and an insurance map ofwork and to church, and pro- streets and alleys. viding a loving environment Ms. Gray, in her discussion of 19th cen- for the children" flourished, tury children's games, said: "Children said Ms. Kresh. She explained like you have their own folldore. ...Whothat Congress embarked on a here has ever jumped rope? Played hide-long and controversial cam- and-seek? Played ball in places otherpaign to "bring light to dark than a baseball diamond? Played hop-places" and eliminate alley scotch? Repeated a saying about whatcommunities. will happen if you step on a crack in the Ms. Cannon said,"The sidewalk? Sang 'Happy Birthday at apeople who lived in the alleys party? All except one of these activitieswere not alone. There were

were part of children's lives in Washing-strong women who dedicated Manta V. Glance ton more than 100 years ago. The onetheir lives to improving the exception is singing the birthday song,lot of families, women and children With several more songs in which the melody was known then, but thein Washington's alley communities."the audience joined in and closing words were, 'Good Morning to All." She then introduced two such figuresremarks, the performance came to an She continued "What's really inter-(playedbyWashingtonRevels):end. The schoolchildren then peppered esting is how we've learned thoseNannie Helen Burroughs, who orga- the Library staff and Washington Revels games and songs. ...I'll bet we allnized the Women's Conventionaux-performers with questions about the picked up most games, songs or rhymes iliary to the National Baptist Con-Library, the production, local history and directly from older brothers and sis-ventionand founded the National alley life in Washington before filing out ters or from other kids at school. TheyTraining School for Women and Girls; of the Coolidge Auditorium to return weren't trying to teach us anything;and Mary Church Terrell, who taughtto their schools. Ms. Kresh encouraged we just imitated what they did. AndBurroughs at the M Street High Schoolthe students to collect stories from their that's a major way traditions are passed and later founded the Colored Wom-communities and to e-mail them to the along, from children to children. Anden's League of Washington, D.C., andLibrary or submit them via the form on since we know so many activities thatthe National Association of Coloredthe "Discovering Hidden Washington" children of the 1880s knew, it's clearWomen). In dramatic monologues Bur-Web site, to help the Library in "Telling that passing along traditions is a veryroughs and Terrell told their life storiesAmerica's Story." effective way of preserving them." (available on the "Discovering Hidden The Washington Revels then led theWashington" Web site at www.loc.gov/Ms. Pyne is a network specialist in audience in a rousing rendition ofloc/kidslc/sp-burroughs.html and the Network Development and MARC the 19th century children's hand-clapwww.loc.gov/loc/kidslc/sp- Standards Office and editor of Library game "Juba." terrell.html, respectively). Services News, a staff newsletter.

180 INFORMATION BULLETIN 302 Agency Day Librarians Gather to Discuss the Law Library

By MARIE-LOUISE BERNAL Law Division, to aw librarians from other federaldetail some of the Lagencies with headquarters in thekinds of inquiries nation's capital were welcomed to thethe staff receives. Law Library of Congress on May 11Ms. Atwill, whose fnr a prngnm AeviseA by Federalwork involves the Law Librarians' President Rick McKin-laws of France and ney, assistant law librarian at the Fed-other French- eral Reserve Board. The occasion wasspeaking jurisdic- "Agency Day, " an annual event spon-tions, and Mr. Sfeir, sored by the Federal Law Librarians'who is responsible Special Interest Section of the Lawfor legal research Wdlm"Skm" Swmson Jr. Librarians' Society of Washington, D.C.on IslamiclawAgency Day speakers included (from lett) Janice (LLSDC), which unites library profes-and much of theHyde, Randy Wells, Mary Grady, Daniel Zafren, sionals from many of the executive agen- Middle East, de-Rick McKinney, Pamela Barnes Craig, Rose Marie cies for meetings on a regular basistailed the intri-Clemandot, Nicole Atwill and Kersi Shroff. to discuss issues and developments ofcaciesof doing common interest to their special clients. research on such topics as asylum,for-profit federation of government In focusing this year on the Lawextradition, bribery of foreign officials,agencies, or their designees, that con- Library of Congress, Mr. McKinneyelectronic signature laws, money laun-tribute national legal information to gave federal librarians the chance todering, human rights and bank secrecythe GLIN database, it contains stat- have a close-up view of how the Lawto name but a few topics they meet inutes, regulations and related legal Library fills a vital, but often littlethe course of their work. The audiencematerials originating from countries known, role in serving research and ref-learned how important to it is for thein the Americas, Europe, Africa and erence needs of the executive branch.legal specialists to understand how theAsia. The database is password pro- The two-hour session in the conference law fits within the cultural context of atected, but Ms. Hyde invited the fed- room of the Law Library in the Madi-given jurisdiction. eral agency libraries to contact her to son Building was attended by profes- In a basic orientation to the Lawacquire their own password. sionals from the law libraries of theLibrary'sReading Room, Pamela The program concluded with tours Court of Appeals for the Federal Cir-Barnes Craig, senior legal research spe-of the Law Library led by Rose Marie cuit, the Court of Veterans' Appeals,cialist, provided attendees with anClemandot, chief of the Law Library the Departments of Commerce, Educa-overview of the Reading Room. Ms.Collection Services Division, and by tion, Energy, Justice and Treasury, theCraig also shared with them the spe-Ms. Craig for participants interested in Environmental Protection Agency thecial problems involved with the Lawpublic services. Executive Office of the President, theLibrary being the largest law library After the session in the Law Library, Federal Election Commission, the Fed-in the world and keeping an up-to- SIS members joined outgoing Presid eni- eral Laboi Relations Authority, the Fed- date reference collection. Ms. CraigRick McKinney in a business luncheon eral Reserve Board, General Account-was joined by Randolf Wells, digitalheld in the Montpelier Dining Room ing Office, the Legal Adviser's Office ofconversion specialist in the Nationalof the Madison Building. During this the Department of State, and the SmallDigital Law Library Project. Mr. Wellsmeeting, Meldie Kish, Law Librarian Business Administration. spoke about "A Century of Lawmaking at the U.S. Small Business Administra- Law library managers, Daniel Hillfor a New Nation: U.S. Congressionaltion, was elected secretary-treasurer/ Zafren, acting director of legal research, Documents and Debates: 1774-1873," president-elect. On June 1, she began and Kersi Shroff, who serves both aswhich contains the digitized records ofserving together with Mary Grady, Law Western law division chief and foreign early House and Senate journals, earlyLibrarian at the U.S. Environmental Pro- legal specialist for the British Isles and summaries of congressional debates,tection Agency and incoming president- Australia, gave an overview of the bills and resolutions and other materialelect. Besides the election, the discussion Law Library and described its unique at wwwdoc.gov. during the business meeting focused resources. Kersi Shroff explained how the Program Officer Janice Hyde dem-on possible new program topics for research staff of 23 foreign legal special- onstrated the Law Library's own digi-the coming year, including one-person ists-attorneys provide agency requesterstal initiative, the Global Legal Informa-libraries, new roles for federal librari- answers to legal inquiries that may pro-tion Network, (GUN), which supportsans, marketing techniques and disaster foundly affect the people's lives. both the Law Library's research func-planning. Two such specialists were on hand,tion and its collection in preserving George Sfeir of the Eastern Law Divi-primary material for posterity in dig- Ms. Bernal is a special assistant to the Law sion and Nicole Atwill of the Westernitized format. As a cooperative, not- Librarian of Congress.

JULY-AUGUST 2001 181 3 3 o

a S News from the Center for the Book ..001111111.... International Update The Center for the Book will be 25 years old in October 2002. This is the second in a series of articles that will summarize its activities during its first quarter century. Reading Promotion Project with Russian Librarians Launched On April 24, the Center for the Book welcomed a delegation of nine prominent Russian librarians who came to the United State for eight days to learn about the center's national reading promotion program.Highlights of the visit of Russian librarians: Nolan Yelich, state librarian Funded by the Open Society Insti-of Virginia (far left), greets Olga Stepina; John Cole talks with Evguenia tute in Moscow, the visit was the Kolesnikova and Elena Sineva. first phase of a cooperative reading promotion project of the institute,Book in Richmond. On April 27 theydeputy director of the National Library its Pushkin Library Megaproject andtoured the District of Columbia Publicof the Chuvash Republic; Valeria D. the center. The project's goals are Library, also the home of the District of Stelmakh of the Russian State Library to share information about effectiveColumbia Center for the Book. At thein Moscow, project director; Olga reading promotion ideas and toLibrary of Congress on April 30-MayS. Stepina, director of the Arkhan- encourage a better understanding of2, they participated in the Centergelsk Regional Library. Maria A. Ved- the importance of reading and librar-for the Book's annual state centerenyapina, executive director of the ies in a democratic society. "idea exchange" day, met with Dr.Pushkin Library Megaproject, accom- On April 25-26, the visitors, escorted Billington and Russian area specialistpanied the visitors. The Pushkin proj- by Center for the Book Director JohnHarry Leich, and visited the Europeanect's goal is to strengthen libraries and Y. Cole, visited the Library of Vir-Division. A second delegation of Rus-library collections in Russia and other ginia and the Virginia Center for thesian regional librarians will visit oncountries. Oct. 21-30, and in spring 2002, Mr. Cole will lead a group of American read- IFLA Reading ing and literacy promot- Section Emphasizes ers on a trip to Russia. Literacy and Reading Thedelegateswere: Research Elena M. Alexandronets, The Russian-U.S. read- director of the Central ing promotion project Library System in Kalin- describedabovewas ingrad; Nellie N. Belova, developed in cooperation director of the Vologda with the Reading Section of the International RegionalLibrary;Ev- Federation of Library Associations and Institu- guenia M. Kolesnikova, tions (IFLA), which is chaired by John Cole, the director of the Don State center's director. A report on the project will be Public Library in Rostov- presented during 1FLA's 67th annual conference Don; Anastasia A. Korn- in Boston on Aug. 17-25. The section's major ses- ienko of the Internation- sions in Boston will focus on developing guide- al Relations Department lines for library-based literacy programs and of the All-RussiaState "Reading Research Around the World," a pro- Library for Foreign Litera- gram on Aug. 20. The latest issue of IFLA Journal ture in Moscow; Svetlana (Vol. 27, No. 2) features articles by two section D. Maldova, deputy direc- members: "Literacy, Libraries and IFLA: Recent tor of the Tver Regional Developments and a Look at the Future," by John Y. Cole Library;ElenaSineva, John Y. Cole, and "Libraries and Literacy: a Pre- Valeria Stelmakh addresses thedirectoroftheMur- liminary Survey of the Literature," by Shirley A. annual "idea exchange" meeting ofmansk Regional Library; Fitzgibbons. state centers for the book. Liudmila S. Spiridonava,

182 304 INFORMATION BULLETIN sci o

International Highlights, 1978-2000. The Center for the Book partici- Feb. 23, 1978. Four months after its establishmentpated in the Frankfort Book Fair and in cooperation with the Association of Americanfrom 1987 to 1994. This book- FRANKFURTER Publishers, the Center for the Book hosts an all-day mark is from the 1987 event. meeting to discuss ways in which it might serve "as a useful catalyst in the area of international book and IVIE SS rE 87 library programs." 1983. The center publishes U.S. Oct. 10, 1978. In cooperation with the Hispanic Books Abroad: Neglected Ambassadors Division, the center hosts a public program on "Theby Curtis G. Benjamin. Book in Mexico." Oct. 30, 1985. In cooperation with May 17-18, 1979. In cooperation with the Asianthe American Association for the Division, the center sponsors a symposium on "Japa-Advancement of Slavic Studies, the nese Literature in Translation." center sponsors a symposium on June 7-9, 1979. The center, the U.S. International"Book Studies in the Soviet Union Communications Agency (USICA) and the Graduateand Eastern Europe." School of Library Studies at the University of Hawaii 1986. The center and the Asian sponsor a conference on "The International Flow ofDivision publish Multiple Meanings: Information: A Trans-Pacific Perspective," in Hono-The Written Word in JapanPast, lulu. Immediately after the meeting, the center andPresent, and Future, an illustrated USICA host 17 participants from 12 East Asian andvolume based on joint conferences Pacific Rim countries on a two-week visit to Losheld at the Library of Congress in _ Angeles, New York City, Washington, D.C., and1979 and 1984. 1-1C1rD Dallas. The center publishes the conference proceed- 1987. The center receives the Inter- 0 ings in 1981. national Book Award, presented by 1982. The center publishes U.S. International Bookthe International Book Committee, Programs,1981. a UNESCO-affiliated body, in recog- nition of the center's "imaginative

,EE 000K and practical campaigns on behalf F0,111T, .1 THE (ENTER NCROS of books and reading in all their LIBRARY t) IN THE diverse aspects, which have inspired similar efforts in the United States and internationally." October 1987. In cooperation with the U.S. Information Agency, the center begins staffing a Library of Congress exhibit booth at the annual Frankfurt Book Fair. The proj- ect ends in 1994. 1989. The center publishes International Library Horizons: Some Personal Observations by Robert Vosper. Nov. 8-9, 1990. The center and the Near East Section of the Afri- can and Middle Eastern Division sponsor a conference on "The Book in the Islamic World: The Written World and Communication 0,0. 1\ 41,11,-. Oct. 29-31, 1991. The center is a sponsor of "The National Library in the Life of the Nation: The Lenin State Library and the Library of Congress," a conference held in Moscow. Feb. 10-11, 1993. The center hosts a dinner marking the 50th anni- versary of American libraries overseas and a conference to discuss the role of U.S. Information Agency libraries abroad. June 18-22, 1996. The center is a sponsor of "Libraries and Read- ing in Times of Cultural Change," an international conference in Vologda, Russia. April 23, 1999. The center is a sponsor of an event at the United JohnY Cole Nations celebrating "World Book and Copyright Day." Through the years, the Center for the Book Sept. 8, 2000. The center continues its annual commemoration has been a popular stop for internationalof International Literacy Day by hosting a daylong program for visitors. During her visit on March 26, Ellenpreschoolers, the general public, .and reading and literacy profes- Ndeshi Namhila, director of the Namibiasionals at the Library of Congress. Library and International Service, stocked Oct. 23-26, 2000. The center is one of the sponsors of the Library up on Center for the Book publications and of Congress Bicentennial symposium "National Libraries of the promotional materials. World: Interpreting the Past, Shaping the Future."

JULY-AUGUST 2001 183 3 05 THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE STANDARD OF CONGRESS & FEESWASHINGTON, PAID DC PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRWATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 01.1-ICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL PERMIT No. G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 'If INFORMATIONyou wish to be removed BULLETIN from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 Syracuse005DUS*******************3-DIGIT Univ 132 S39 P5 address.theaddresstofor the thisBulletin, above publicationlabel address. pleaseand return. checkaddress If change To here yourrequest is inquiresrequired missing toenter issue(s)the onabove of and return this page Syracuse4-194CIJEEric CoordinatorClearinghouseCenter NY 13244-4100 for Sci on & Info/TeoTec 306 307 0 3), cin LJ, Vol. 60, No. 9 Septemher 711n1

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The Floating World of Ukiyo-e The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information

Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINCTON Vol. 60, No. 9 September 2001 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Great Bridge at Senju (Senju no tihashi) by Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858), from the series A Hundred Famous Views of Edo (Meisho Edo hyakkei), 1856. On display in the Library's exhibition, "The Floating World of Ukiyo-e: Shadows, Dreams and Substance." Cover Story:A new exhibition of masterpieces from the Library's extensive collection of Japanese art and literature has opened. 198 Musical Mentors:The Library has embarked on a new educational program with the Juilliard String Quartet. 187 Find It Online:A new Web-based search system for copyright 189records is now available. 187 Thanks for the Memory:The American Library Fellows Program just finished its fifth and final year. 188 New on the Web Site:Civil War treasures from the New-York Historical Society are now online. 189 Canadian Cousin:Canadian National Librarian Roch Carrier spoke at a Library dinner Aug. 15. 190 Digital Talking Book:The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped examines its digital future. 191 Summer Help:The Library celebrated the 50th anniversary of a special Geography and Map internship program. 192 A Collection Unfolds:Staffer Charley Peterson has donated 16,000 road maps to the Library. 194 Versatile Maestro:The Library has acquired the collection of the late composer and musical scholar Herman Berlinski. 197 Conservation Corner:Library preservationists worked to prepare pieces for "The Floating World" exhibition. 204 Hearing America Sing:The 2001-2002 concert season at the Library includes new works, old classics, webcasts and more. 206 Tracer Bullets:New bibliographies on flight are available. 208 Law Library News:The Law Library is working with the Inter- American Development Bank; also, a report from the AAAL 1982001 conference. 209 News from the Center for the Book 210

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge ./7". to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. Guy LAMOLINARA, Editor JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer 210 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor ,aon Me itrshifr th uilflar

Quartet to Assumeea& E@ifuc tionaloie at Library

part of its mission to ises and accept the restriction, each the broadest possible still in effect through Mrs. Whit- public, the Library of Congress tall's instrument of gift, on is embarking on a new educa- removing them from the Library. tional program with the Juilliard Artists are reluctant to perform String Quartet. publicly on instruments they Startinginthe2003-2004 cannot play regularly. concert season, the Library's Moreover, musicians accom- legendary Stradivarius instru- plished in chamber music were ments will be passed on for rare at that time, because cham- use in concerts at the Library's ber music was then a relative Coolidge Auditorium, donated novelty in America. It took by Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge decades of proselytizing by the in 1925, to younger quartets Library through free public con- under the mentorship of the certs and broadcasts made pos- Juilliardandotherdistin- sible through Mrs. Coolidge's guished string players yet to and Mrs. Whittall's generosity to be announced. This will extend establish a firm place for cham- the residency to include other ber music in America. Fortu- quartets, but it will not end the nately, a great quartet arrived relationship between the Juil-Joel Smirnoff, Ronald Copes, Joel Krosnickand rose to the challenge of play- hard Quartet and the Library.and Samuel Rhodes of the Juilliard Stringing the instruments, solving the The instruments were given toQuartet problem of access to the instru- the Library's Music Division by ments by moving to Washing- Gertrude Clarke Whittall in 1935 and It was Mrs. Whittall's wish, expressed ton. That was the famed Budapest have been used almost exclusivelyin conversations with officers of the Quartet, which, in 1962, was succeeded since then by the Budapest QuartetLibrary and documented, that theby the Juilliard. (1937-1962) and the Juilliard. instruments be used by as many artists Today there are many excellent The plan was developed by memberswho were engaged to perform in the quartets, and chamber music in Amer- of the quartet, Joel Smirnoff, RonaldLibrary's concerts as possible. Whenica is flourishing, as was demon- Copes, Samuel Rhodes and Joel Kros-the instruments were first purchasedstrated recently by a series of master nick with Music Division Chief Jonby Mrs. Whittall, however, it was dif-classes held jointly by the Library of Newsom during discussions about theficult to find a qualified string quartetCongress and the Smithsonian under upcoming celebration of the Quartet'sthat would agree to use the instru-the auspices of the Irving Caesar 40th anniversary with the Library. ments exclusively on the Library prem- continued on page 191 Copyrightffic n dimes New SearchSystem he U.S. Copyright Office hasis an alternative to an older, Telnet-the service thorough the Copyright Tannounced availability of a newbased system. Access to the copyrightOffice Web site at www.loc.gov/ Web-based search method for find-records is essential for enabling bothcopyright/search. ing copyright information about mil-the creators and users of copyrighted The copyright system has been a lions of books, music recordings,works to execute their rights and meetpart of the Library of Congress since movies, software and other works. their obligations under the provisions1870. In addition to administering The service is designed with user-of the copyright law. the copyright law, the U.S. Copy- friendly features for first-time and "This new search system will betterright Office creates and maintains the occasional users. serve people interested in findingpublic record of copyright registra- Users can search copyright records copyright information in our data-tions and recorded documents, pro- dating back to 1978 in three cate-bases," said Register of Copyrightsvides technical assistance and policy gories: General Works, consisting ofMarybeth Peters. "It is part of ouradvice on copyright issues to Con- books, music, films, maps and soft-continuing effort to upgrade servicegress and executive branch agencies, ware; Serials, such as magazines andto the public and make the records ofoffers information to the general newspapers; and Documents, such asthe Copyright Office more accessiblepublic and obtains copies of works contracts, licenses and wills that relate to a worldwide audience." for the collections of the Library of to copyright ownership. The service Members of the public may accessCongress.

SEPTEMBER 2001 187 R31,0 t

Elizabeth L. Brown Elizabeth Paul American Memory fellows Martha Battle and Mike Participants and instructors in the American Memory Larson examine original documents on a tour of the Fellows Institute for Week 1 (elementary and middle Geography and Map Division. school teachers and media specialists) A Lasting Memory The Fifth American Memory Fellows Institute

BY SUSAN VECCIA as enthusiastic as those who preceded The notion that using primary //What a lasting memory!" saidthem. The Class of 2001 joins a fel-sources (such as the digitized materi- one American Memorylowship of 250 K-12 educators whoals available from American Memory Fellow at the conclusion of a weeklongare working in their communities toat www.loc.gov) personalizes history visit to the Library of Congress. strengthen education through engag-and makes it more engaging is at the "If America's children can see theing students with primary sources.heart of these questions. value in history and the items thatWhile the "institute" will not continue For example, once a student is teach us that history, maybe we canin its present form, the experience willhooked on a first-person account, he create a better America," concludedbe shared electronically in the yearsor she is often inspired to learn more another. "I wish every teacher in Amer-ahead through the Library's Learningabout that person and event. ica could have this experience." Page (www.loc.gov/learn). Said one American Memory Fellow, Funded by generous foundation sup- This year's Fellows were challenged"Primary sources are not the lesson. port, this flagship outreach project ofby Randy Bass, an educator and scholarThey are additional tools to capture the American Memory Fellows Pro-from Georgetown University, to thinkthe attention of students to stimulate gram is now in its fifth and final year.creatively about teaching and learning.the desire to learn." Primary sources This year's participants were equallyWhy do we learn? How do we learn?in themselves are incomplete and frag- How do we apply whatmentary, often raising more questions we know from our ownthan they answer. They may reflect experiences to reach newbias. They may reflect a understanding? How dofashionable at the time. Discovering we both listen to others' these facts and researching the context ideas and think about our provides learning with real under- own views? What doesstanding. Increasingly, teachers are this Socratic dialog haverequired to use primary sources and, to do with K-12 teachers in so doing, are tackling difficult sub- and the Library of Con-jects through this inquiry and research gress American Memoryprocess. During the month of July, 50 collections? teachers and school librarians came to Laura Campbell, associate librarian for strategic initiatives, addresses the American Memory Fellows during the closing banquet of Week 2. Elizabeth L. Brown

188 INFORMATION BULLETIN a1, the Library of Congress to learn about work together to develop primary sources and how to integrate their project. them into their curriculum. The Class of 2001 rep- Since 1997, the Library of Congress resented 21 states. Mem- has offered the American Memory Fel- bers were almost equally lows institute, which brings 50 edu-divided among elemen- cators to the Library each summer. tary,middle and high This year, participants gathered inschools. This year, the the National Digital Library Learning group was divided into Center and worked with the Ameri- two weeklong sessions. can Memory historical collections to Session one, July 15-20, create exemplary teaching units that comprised elementary draw upon these materials. During the and middle school teach- school year that follows the institute, ers and school library spe- the Fellows complete their project, test- cialists. Session two, July ing it with their own students and 22-27, was largely middle Elizabeth L. Brown colleagues. An additional responsibil- and high school educa-Heather Klamrzynski and Ken Smith work on ity includes teaching other colleagues tors. During an intensivethe draft of their digital lesson plan. about primary sources and the digital week of hands-on work- resources from the Library of Congress shops, small-group discussions andhave become a family." The Class of in a wide range of venuesfrom pre- visits to various divisions, American2001 joins the online network of Ameri- sentations in schools to district, state Memory Fellows were given an inten-can Memory Fellows and will continue and national events. sive introduction to the Library's pri-its work in schools and communities Since its inception, this has been amary source collections. Workshopsnationwide. Many Fellows return to highly competitive and popular pro- were offered by Library staff, returningtheir schools with a new sense of them- gram, which now reaches nearly all American Memory Fellows and visit-selves as educators and mentors. Said 50 states. This year, participants wereing museum and archival scholars. one, "I feel that I am going home with a selected from a pool of 300 applicants, These collaborative team-buildingwealth of knowledge to be shared with all of whom were required to have activities also build a spirit of camarade- my colleagues, and I take very seriously Internet access, experience with pri- rie among participants. Said one depart- the responsibility to do so." mary sources and professional lead- ing Fellow, "This has been an incred- ership skills. Participants must apply ible week. I leave with sadness in my Ms. Veccia is manager of User Services in the as one of a two-person team who will heart only because I truly feel like we Library's National Digital Library Program. Civil War Treasures Online New York Collection Added to American Memory

//r/ivil War Treasures from the 7,7,' r FoLEL_ITRIJ "Poet at Work" online collection. \--New-York Historical Society" ta. T11° r sf "civil 1.^.'ar is the latest addition to the Library's sures from the New-York Historical American Memory Websiteat Society" was made possible through www.loc.gov. The online presentation the generous support of the Andrew contains materials drawn from 12 col- W. Mellon Foundation. lections housed at the New-York His- r The Mellon Foundation also sup- torical Society. The "Civil War Trea- "a--419.4 ported the digitization of another sures" online collection is a cooperative American Memory Collection, the project of the Library of Congress and papers of author, educator and polit- the New-York Historical Society. of caricatures and nearly 500 envelopesicalphilosopher Hannah Arendt Founded in 1804, the New-York His- with printed or embossed decoration (1906-1975). A preview of the collec- torical Society houses one of the oldestrelated to Civil War events and personal- tion debuted online in March 2001. research libraries and museums inities. Items from manuscript collectionsParts of the collection and the finding the United States. Collections docu-include the first and only issue of Theaid are now available for public access menting the Civil War are a particularPrison Times handwritten by Confeder-on the Library's Web site. The entire strength of the society. ate prisoners held at Fort Delaware; 32digitized collection is available to Pictorial items in the digitized Civilletters by Sarah Blunt, a nurse in mil-researchers in reading rooms at the War collection include 731 stereographs,itary hospitals at Point Lookout, Md.,Library of Congress, the new School more than 70 photographs from anand Harper's Ferry, W.Va.; and three let-University in New York City and the album, 178 sketches from three differ-ters by Walt Whitman. The letters com- Hannah Arendt Center at the Univer- ent collections, 304 posters, 29 etchingsplement the Library's Walt Whitmansity of Oldenburg, Germany.

SEPTEMBER 2001 189

. 312 0

0 The W rfr rCanada Roch Carrier Speaks at Library

By ROBERT FISTICK anadian National Librarian Roch C\--Carrier announced major plans to develop new and improved services to 3.1 million blind, visually impaired and print-handicapped Canadians during a reception and dinner held in his honor at the Library of Congress on Aug. 15 in conjunction with the Inter- national Federation of Library Associa- tions' Section of Libraries for the Blind Pre-conference 2001. Speaking to an international audi- ence of leaders and directors of blind organizations, Mr. Carrier spelled out Canadian National Librarian Roch his efforts to develop plans "to serve Carrier read from his children's this group of Canadians that has book,The Hockey Sweater, ata not been represented in the program dinner at the Library of Congress. of the National Library of Canada." He became Canada's fourth Nationalcontributor Joan McGrath, "but it isfor the National Library to make acces- Librarian on Oct. 1, 1999. the fun of an adult looking indulgentlysibility a major program." Mr. Carrier Mr. Carrier was introduced by Frankback to remember a horrible childhoodnoted that a major finding of the task Kurt Cylke, director of the Nationalhumiliation from the tranquil plateauforce was that "3.1 million Canadians Library Service for the Blind and Phys-of adulthood." cannot read conventional print as a ically Handicapped of the Library of Mr. Carrier provided an anecdote-result of a visual, physical or learning Congress and host of the event held infilled rendition of The Hockey Sweater. disability; they do not have equitable the Thomas Jefferson Building. In hisIn setting the scene, he said, "The storyand free access to technology and infor- introduction, Mr. Cylke noted one oftook place a long time ago in Quebec. Amation; their trainers don't have the Mr. Carrier's more famous books, Thevery small town ... there were less thantraining; Canada relies heavily on the Hockey Sweater, first published in 1979, 2,000 people living there, all white and Library of Congress and Recording for and asked if Mr. Carrier might readRoman Catholic." Especially interest-the Blind and Dyslexic in the United his well-known children's book to theing was an anecdote about the Mon-States; language materials other than audience, each of whom received atreal Canadiens' star player, MauriceEnglish are scarce; timeliness of infor- copy. The Hockey Sweater "documents a "Rocket" Richard. Mr. Carrier inter-mation is a problem; Canada has a Canadian boy's upbringing, educationrupted his narration when he readnumber of programs, but it seems they and growing sense of cultural alien-about his team all wearing No. 9 onare not well coordinated and they lack ation from his community" accordingtheir backs Rocket Richard's number.funding; and Canadians want to be to Contemporary Literary Criticism. The Mr. Carrier said, "At the beginning ofserved locally." book is described as "an illustratedhis career, Richard was No. 15, and one Summing up the task force report, story for primary graders, [and] exhib-day this very shy, nontalkative manMr. Carrier said, "Perhaps it's not great its Carrier's characteristic politicalwent to see his boss, Frank Selke, andnews to you, but to us it was very overtones on such topics as French said, 'Boss, no more 15; I want 9."Howwell articulated. We had a document Canadian nationalism and the Eng-come?' Selke asked. 'I want 9 becausethat we could go with and talk with lish-French language barrier." In thelast night I got a daughter ... 9 poundsto a number of people who we wish story, "a disastrous boyhood episode... so I want 9!" to become our partners." He said he is fondly re-created," according to one After reading The Hockey Sweater,distributed the task force report to the reviewer. Growing up in rural Quebec, Mr. Carrier elaborated on his plans tomedia, the medical profession, the gov- young Roch and all of his friendsdevelop library services for the blindernment and its various offices, as well idolize the beloved Montreal Cana-in Canada. He noted that after firstas industries in Canada. diens. Roch is understandably mor-becoming national librarian, he devel- As a result of the task-force effort tified when his mother presents himoped a national task force report inwith CNIB, Mr. Carrier said, he created with a new jerseythat of the hatedconcert with the Canadian Nationala national council on access "made rival Toronto Maple Leafs. To makeInstitute for the Blind (CNIB) and itsfrom a number of people, including matters worse, Roch is expected toexecutive director, Euclid Herie. "Withpublishers, consumer groups, of course wear the dreaded blue-and-white inless than $20,000shared equally by... people with print handicaps, non- public. "The Hockey Sweater is a funny CNIB and the National Libraryaprofit organizations and the private story," asserted School Library Journalnational survey demonstrated the need continued on page 193 190 3g INFORMATION BULLETIN Toward the Digital Talking Book NLS Discusses Its Digital Future

BY LEANNE KEARNS estimates that more than 3 million are "Finalizing the NISO standard and //Which technology will remain eligible for its services. NLS is work- development of a digital talking book for the long haul?" ing with the assistance of many groups,machine are the major focus of NLS's Brad Kormann and his colleaguesunder the auspices of National Informa- digital efforts, but the move to a digi- will work to answer this question as tion Standards Organization (NISO), to tal technology will also have dramatic they plan the digital future of thedevelop a DTB standard. effects on how our cooperating net- National Library Service for the Blind NLS must simulate a digital talk-work of libraries will provide service, and Physically Handicapped (NLS). ing book player, using a personal com-said Mr. Prine. NLS is working to expe- On June 12, Mr. Kormann briefedputer, to assist in the design of the userdite the communications between itself an audience about the Digital Audiointerface for a DTB playback device. and its network of cooperating librar- Development Project, whose goal isMr. Moodie demonstrated NLS's soft-ies, consisting of 57 regional libraries to develop a digital talking bookware-based player, illustrating severaland 80 subregional libraries, primarily (DTB). The lecture was one in a seriesnavigation modes. "A digital talkingby developing electronic communica- of briefings about digital initiativesbook player is basically a Web browser," tion capabilities to be used for provi- at the Library. In addition to Mr. he explained. According to Mr. Moodie, sion of information as well as network Kormann, chief of the NLS Materi-it is most important to "keep the com- reporting to NLS. als Development Division, speakersplexity level low by making it as intui- Ms. Dixon then demonstrated Web- were Michael Moodie, Research and tive to use as possible." Braille for the audience. Begun in the Development officer; Judy Dixon, A tool will be developed to com-summer of 1999, Web-Braille is an Inter- Consumer Relations officer; and Ste-pare the various options for distribut-net-based service that contains com- phen Prine, head of the Networking DTBs. NLS is studying historical puter files of braille books and mag- Services Section. costs of the current system and willazines produced by NLS. After two According to Mr. Kormann, makingbegin projecting costs of future systems years, NLS has made electronic ver- the move from analog to a completely this fall. sions of more than 3,800 titles and all 25 new format is "like turning an aircraft NLS must also select an accept-NLS-produced braille magazines avail- carrier aroundit takes time." But it isable copyright protection system to be able to braille-reading blind people. a move that must be made in ordersure that only eligible users are access- Web-Braille users are excited by the to meet the needs of a more techni-ing the material. program because it is the first time they cally sophisticated population and to Another step addresses the need have been able to browse through a contain the costs of servicing obsoleteto design efficient tools for produc- wide variety of books before selecting playback equipment. tion of DTBs and a playback machine one to read. Advantages of a digitally basedthat has all of the capabilities iden- In conclusion, Mr. Kormann noted, system are many. For example, soundtified by NISO participants. Toward "Albert Einstein once said, 'The gift of quality of the digital recordings willthis end, NLS will cosponsor aimagination is worth more to me than be higher and users will be able todesign competition with the Indus-all the world's positive knowledge.' listen to an entire book without havingtrial Designers Society of America. Our job at NLS is to try to harness this to manipulatethP rnPdhitn, curb ac 11-girtnir.g in January 20Cl2, industrial imagina lion and iecitnulu6y Mid build turning a tape over or changing a disc. design students will be invited toa program that is cost- and mission- Navigational capabilities will make itsubmit their design concepts. First, effective." possible for users to jump to a chap-second and third place winners will ter, skip through a paragraph or insertbe announced at the IDSA National Ms. Kearns was an intern in the Public in various locations. UsersConference, July 20-23, 2002. Affairs Office. will also be able to access the full text of some books in electronic format, Juilliard or three years' duration for young along with the recorded version, so continued from page 187 quartets who will work under the that the text can be spelled out and guidance of the Juilliard Quartet and searched. These are features not cur- Trust. Members of the Juilliard andother distinguished artists. This will rently available to users who are visu- the Smithsonian's Axelrod Quartetmake the instruments available to ally impaired. participated. many string players and it will give To begin the process of upgrading "We are using the occasion of thethem a chance to gain experience and to digital technology, a Digital Audio Quartet's 40th anniversary with thewell-deserved public exposure in the Development Committee was estab- Library," said Mr. Newsom, "to cel- Library's chamber music series." lished to identify tasks, such as: ebrate with something that seems The Juilliard Quartet will con- NLS will ask patrons to define the new, but is really the original ideatinue to perform at the Library, but features they require in the next gen- behind Mrs. Whittall's gift. We willthere will be no more established eration of talking books. NLS currently have limited appointments of two residencies. serves more than 750,000 people, but

SEPTEMBER 2001 191 Summer Help for Geography & Map G&M Division Special Project Hosts Interns

By LEANNE KEARNS expense, in exchange his summer the Library celebrated for the privilege of Tthe 50th anniversary of the Geog-selecting duplicates raphy and Map Division Special Proj- for their own map ect by hosting five interns from July 9 collection. Under this through Aug. 10. arrangement, the Kristi Jensen, Carolyn Kadri, Chris-Library, as well as topher Mixon, Rod Pollock and Chris-participating institu- topher Thiry came from universities tions, benefit from the across the country with the same pas-program. sion for geography. The map selection "We are very proud that this pro-component ofthe gram has existed for 50 years, said John program remains in Hébert, chief of the Geography andeffect today. To date, Map Division. "This particular groupthe Library has Gary Fitzpatrick was the largest we have had in recentprovided more thanMichael Buscher, head of the Geography and Map years, and they were a very fine crew." 2 million duplicateCollections Management team, with participants The program was developed out ofmaps and atlases toin the division's Special Project: Rod Pollack, a need to process the thousands of438 participants fromKristi Jensen, Christopher Thiry, Carolyn Kadri maps that the Geography and Map135 colleges and uni-and Christopher Mixon. Robert Morris, technical Division began receiving from federalversities from acrossinformation specialist in Geography and Map, libraries and mapping agencies afterthe country. Accor-stands at far right. the end of World War II. At that time, ding to current intern with a staff of only 17, the divisionChristopher Thiry, being allowed toonline. was not able to process the maps atselect duplicate maps for the partici- Robert Morris, a technical informa- their accelerated rate of acquisition. pating institution is "like putting a kidtion specialist, has worked closely with In April 1951, former division chiefin a candy store." the interns since he joined the Geogra- Arch C. Gerlach received permission At the time the summer programphy and Map Division 14 years ago. to hire temporary summer employ-began, it was estimated that the Geog-He has found each group to be enthu- ees, establishing what was then calledraphy and Map division had accumu-siastic about having the opportunity to the Summer Map Processing Project. lated a backlog of between 750,000 and work at the Library of Congress. Because funds were limited, Mr. Ger-1 million charts and maps that were "It's a lot of fun to work with the lach persuaded some institutions toin need of processing. Therefore, theinterns," he said. "Through the pro- sponsor participants at their ownmain assignment for summer workersgram, we gain exposure to the needs was to assist the full-of university map collections across , time employees inthe country." sorting, cataloging, This year's group of interns was geographicallygiven a wide range of assignments. arranging and filingKristi Jensen, an earth sciences librar- the backlog. ian at Pennsylvania State University, When thefirstwas given two tasks. One assignment phase of the projectinvolved creating a database for a was completed inrecently acquired collection of road 1961, the divisionmaps (see story on page 194). The continued to recruitdatabase, which will eventually be summer interns foraccessible to the public through the a variety of assign-Library's Web site, will enable users to ments.Withthesearch for maps by year, title or geo- Gary Fitzpatrick development of graphic area. Her second assignment Current Library staff who began their associationMARC Map, a cat-was to research and compile a list with the Library through the special project includealoging tool, in theof Geographic Information Systems (from left) Allen Wayner, Peter Stark, Ronald Grim,1970s, assignments(GIS) Web sites, which will be used as Kathryn Engstrom, Juan-Carlos Vega and Richardinvolved using thea Web resource to link people to all of Fox (not pictured: James Flatness). All are Geographycomputer as a the sites. and Map staff except Mr. Wayner and Mr. Stark, whotool for organizing Carolyn Kadri, a map cataloger at work in the Anglo-American Acquistions Division. maps and collections the University of Texas at Arlington,

192 315 INFORMATION BULLETIN s and Christopher Mixon, a library assistant for the map collec- tion at Auburn University, worked together to create a data- base for the Geography and Map pamphlet file. "I had a great project to work on, but I would have come to mop floors for the chance to work in the Library's Geography and Map Division," said 'yin Iviixon. Rod Pollock, a special formats cataloger at the University of Georgia, worked with the National Digital Library to catalog digital images of Civil War maps. His main assignment was to edit bibliographic information, including a description classi- fication and subject analysis for each map. The Civil War map records he worked on will eventually be available online. Christopher Thiry has been a map librarian at the Colorado School of Mines for six years, where he has organized and maintained more than 191,000 maps. While at the Library, he processed some of the approximately 300,000 map sheets that Books & Beyond at the Library the Geography and Map Division recently received from theRobert Sapolsky (above) and Catherine Al lgor National Imagery and Mapping Agency. (below, center) were two popular "Books & Beyond" The process of recruiting interns has evolved throughoutspeakers last March. Mr. Sapolsky discussed his the years. In the past, the division sent letters about the pro- book A Primate's Memoir. Ms. Allgor, with Center gram to more than 150 colleges and universities across thefor the Book Director John Cole and Mary Wolfskill country. This year, the division publicized the program on theof the Manuscript Division, talked about her book, Internet, through several geography-related listservs that map Parlor Politics: In Which the Ladies of Washington librarians across the country monitor. Help Build a City and a Government. In a number of cases, temporary recruitment through the Special Project has led to permanent employment at the Library. There are currently seven permanent employees who began their association with the Library through the Special Project. Division Chief Hébert noted other benefits of the Geogra- phy and Map Division Special Project. "Through the program, the Library has furthered the development of map collections at academic institutions throughout the U.S. The program cements the relationship between the Library and the nation's map libraries."

Ms. Kearns was an intern in the Public Affairs Office.

Carrier timely and affordable fashion; States. A commemorative program continued from page 190 Establishing federal appropria- featuring Mr. Carrier's career high- tions to increase the volume of mate- lights was distributed, and Mr. Car- sector. We created a group who will rialc awailablo trs ranactiar,c with. ^1-cok r;igning of 77-.. advise us on what to do. This national print disabilities. Hockey Sweater at the close of the council now has a work plan." The Mr. Carrier noted, "These national evening's festivities. most urgent issues include: council recommendations are now Aninternationallyacclaimed Updating the National Library's part to the National Library of Cana- writer and author, Mr. Carrier is well union catalog and increasing as da's Strategic Plan. ... My next step is known for several novels that are much as possible interlibrary loan to present this plan to the prime min- considered classics and are used and document delivery in multiple ister and the Canadian government." in schools and universities around formats; Mr. Cy Ike presented Mr. Carrier the world, in both French and Eng- Providing appropriate assistive with a Library of Congress Bicenten- lish. Some have been translated into technology training on the technolo- nial paperweight. A brief discussion other languages. His plays have gies for users; with the audience on strategies of been produced both in Canada and Making government publica- libraries for the blind and physically abroad. He has also written screen- tions available in multiple formats, handicapped around the world fol- plays, including Le inartien de Noel concurrent with print, including lowed. A lively conversation about and Le chandail. e-texts and Web sites; the new age of digital talking books Providing resources to support captivated guests from the United Mr. Fistick is head of the Publications Canadian publishers and alternate- Kingdom, Canada, Sweden, Fin- and Media Section of the National format producers in using master land, Denmark, the Netherlands, Librany Service for the Blind and files to create multiple formats in a Germany, Russia and the United Physically Handicapped.

SEPTEMBER 2001 A 193 -toe'

The Charles Peterson Collection complements other oil company maps already held by the Geography and Map Division, such as this 1930s Sinclair road map showing a woman at the wheel of the car. A Collector's Passion Staffer Donates Oil Company Road Maps

By HELEN DALRYMPLE children could be remark- oung Charles Peterson was fasci- ablyinfluentialasto Ynated by maps. As a young boy,which gas station would in 1947-1948, he began collecting road get the honor." maps from local gas stations in the Lan- Charley Peterson con- caster, Pa., area where he lived. He pre-tinued acquiring the maps vailed upon his father, a doctor whoin this way into the mid- made house calls, to take him along in 1960s. By then he was the car and stop at gas stations so that he in college and had other could pick up free maps from other oilthings on his mind, but companies and expand his collection. his interest in geography It wasn't long before Charley real-and maps never waned. ized that he had to change his tactics if He earned a B.A. in Rus- he were ever going to have a completesian at Northwestern Uni- collection of oil company road maps, versity and M.A. and and by the 1950s he was writing toPh.D. degrees from the Lance Perry the various oil companies each year to University of Washing-Diane Kresh, director for Public Service request their entire output of maps forton at Seattle in historicalCollections, and John Hébert, chief of the that year. And they sent them to him, geography, and he contin-Geography and Map Division, join Charles free of charge. ued to expand his mapPeterson (center) in the presentation of his The oil companies recognized thecollection by trading withcollection to Winston Tabb, associate librarian value of marketing to the children of other map collectors. for Library Services, earlier this year. the baby boom. "Kids loved getting CharlesPetersonis something for free, especially some-now a senior map cataloger in thecomplete collection of 16,000 oil com- thing as terrific as a map," said theLibrary's Geography and Map Divi-pany maps, acquired over the past authors of Hitting the Road (Chroniclesion, where he works on maps of50 years. He has been bringing in Books). "Road maps had sparklingthe Mid-Atlantic states of the Unitedthe mapsall organized and cata- graphics and magical scenes that couldStates, northern and eastern Europe,logedbox by box over the past sev- set a child's imagination spinning. and foreign-language maps in Russian, eral months. ...Oil companies knew that, when theGreek, Armenian and Georgian. He Although the Library already has a time came for a pit stop, these bedazzled has recently given to the Library hissubstantial collection of oil company

194 INFORMATION BULLETIN 9 31? 4 maps dating back to the early years of the 20th century, the value of the Peterson Collection, according to James Flatness, cartographic specialist for the Geography and Map Division, is that it is so complete for the period of time, 1948 to 1973, which in many ways was the heyday for the production of oil company road maps. "At first I collected any kind of map I could put my hands on," Mr. Peterson said earlier this year. But then he began to concentrate his interest on those col- orful road maps that he could get free. Some companies produced several hun- dred in a year, he added, while others might only send along two or three maps. And his timing couldn't have been better, because the three major map- producing companiesRand McNally, General Drafting and H.M. Gousha were just resuming production of road maps for the various oil companies fol- lowing the end of World War II. Two 1950s Esso maps from the Peterson Collection provide drivers with a Although some road maps and guide- pictorial guide to area attractions:Washington, D.C. (above), and the state books were produced for bicyclists and of (below) with drawings to highlight featured sites. early automobiles in the first years of the 20th century, road maps didn't really come into their own until legislation was passed in 1925 creating the first numbering system for U.S. interstate highways: odd-numbered roads ran north and south, and even-numbered roads ran east and west. This made it much easier for motorists to follow a map without having to rely on odometer readings or other kinds of markers along the route. Oil companies soon realized that they could use colorful road maps to encourage people to leave their homes and travel in their carsand thereby create a demand for their products such as oil, gasoline and tires. According to Hitting the Road, a history of American road maps: Oil-company maps grew out of the competitive spirit in America at a time when automobiling was just beginning to pick up speed. ... As the country passionalely embraced the automobile, the road map celebrated that affair with a keen understanding of the needs and aspirations of the American motorist. From the very beginning, the sponsors and designers of road maps used their cover art to stimulate the motorist's desire to travel. They selected cover images and graphic styles that inspired wishful fantasies of life on the road, changing these images as each passing year brought new trends and new aspirations to the motoring public. Initially, the idea was to get people into their cars and out on the road, so covers emphasized the scenic vistas, the spirit of adven- ture and the freedom of the open road. As competition among the oil companies increased, they began to feature their own service stations as convenient, helpful stopping places along the open road. In the 1930s women were often featured as drivers on road maps. With the resumption of oil company map production after the war, scenic representations of the natural wonders of the country were used to get the nation driving again. As the baby boom began to take shape in the late 1940s and early 1950s, oil companies realized that children and fami-

SEPTEMBER 2001 195 'UT 340 4"

he Caroline and Erwin Swann In the interest of increasing aware-and academic publication is carried out TFoundation for Caricature and Car-ness and extending documentation ofin part through a program of fellow- toon, administered by the Library ofLibrary of Congress collections, Ms.ships. The Swann Foundation awards Congress, announces the selection ofNadell is required to make use of theone fellowship annually (with a stipend Martha Jane Nadell, who recently com- Library's collections and be in resi- of $15,000) to assist continuing scholarly pleted a Ph.D. in the history of Ameri-dence for at least two weeks during the research and writing projects in the field can civilization at Harvard University, award period. She will also deliver aof caricature and cartoon. The Caroline to receive its 2001-2002 Swann Founda- public lecture on her work in progressand Erwin Swann Foundation for Car- tion Fellowship. during the award period. icature and Cartoon, is guided by an Ms. Nadell's project, "'The Old New York advertising executiveadvisory board composed of scholars, Negro': Race and Representation in Post Erwin Swann (1906-1973) establishedcollectors, cartoonists and Library of Bellum America," is intended to formthe Swann Foundation for CaricatureCongress staff members. Its activities the beginning of a book that will emerge and Cartoon in 1967. An avid collec-support the study, interpretation, pres- from her dissertation, which examines tor, Swann assembled a large group ofervation and appreciation of original connections between the visual arts and original drawings by 400 artists, span-works of humorous and satiric art by literature by and about African Amer- ning two centuries, which his estategraphic artists from around the world. icans in the 1920s-1950s. In the newbequeathed to the Library of Congress Applications for the academic year research she will explore images of the in the 1970s. Mr. Swann's original pur- 2002-2003 are due on Feb. 15, 2002. "Old Negro" in popular visual and lit- pose was to compile a collection of orig- More information is available through erary culture. She plans to focus oninal drawings by significant humorousthe Swann Foundation's Web site: 19th century representations of "black- and satiric artists and to encourage thewww.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/ ness," especially caricatures and car-study of original cartoon and carica-swannhome.html, by e-mailing: toons published as illustrations inture drawings as works of art. [email protected], or by calling Martha books and magazines. The foundation's support of research Kennedy at (202) 707-9115.

196 INFORMATION BULLETIN 319 o

A Life in Music Herman Berlinski Donates Collection to Library

he Library of Congress has konsevatorium Leipzig, graduat- Trecently acquired the collec- ing with honors in 1932. Forced to tion of Herman Berlinski, one of leave Germany at the onset of the the most important 20th century Nazi regime, he became a student composers of music with Jewish of the Ecole Normale de Musique, themes. This archives documents studying composition with Nadia the life and work of Mr. Berlinski Boulanger and piano with Alfred and includes music, both printed Cortot. Formerly a Polish citizen, and manuscript, correspondence, he enlisted as a volunteer in the scrapbooks, photographs, sound French Army, receiving the Croix recordings, programs and a vari- du Combattant Volontaire from ety of related materials. the French government for his "This collection is a significant wartime service. addition to the Library's rich hold- Mr. Berlinski fled the German ings of music materials that docu- occupation of France in 1941, set- ment the work of composers and tling in New York, where, in 1960 artists in the 20th century," said at the age of 50, he became the first Jon Newsom, chief of the Music person at the Jewish Theological Division. Seminary of America to earn the HermanBerlinski'sprolific degree of Doctor of Sacred Music. output includes symphonic and Herman Berlinski He has held the posts of organist chamber works, solo works for the at Temple Emanu-El and Minister of Music to the Washington Hebrew Con- organ, song cycles, numerous liturgical Herman Berlinski died on Sept. 27 choral works and oratorios. Among his gregation. He was the founder and in Washington, D.C. Jon Newsom, director of the Shir Chadash Chorale, recent large-scale works is Ets Chayim chief of the Music Division, said, "A (The Tree of Life), commissioned by a choir distinguished by its pioneering distinguished composer, musician programs of historical and contempo- Project Judaica for performance at the and scholar, Mr. Berlinksi was also Smithsonian Institution on the opening rary Jewish music. a good friend of the Music Division Mr. Berlinski has lectured widely of the "Precious Legacy" exhibit. not only through the generous gift of Mr. Berlinski has given organ recit- as a visiting professor, both in the als throughout Europe and America, his papers, but as a knowledgeable United States and in Germany. His adviser and warm supporter of our most recent lectures were given under in Temple Emanu-El in New York, concerts. We will miss him." Notre Dame cathedral in Paris and the the auspices of the American Infor- Thomaskirche in Leipzig, Germany. mation Agency at the Mendelssohn His principal works for the organ premiere there (in its German version)Academy in Leipzig, and at the include "Eleven Sinfonias," "The Burn-on Nov. 9, 1998. Europaischen Zentrum fur JUdische 11,10-," A work commissioned by ille LibraryMusik in Hannover, Germany. commissioned by the Rogers Organfrom Mr. Berlinski for "A Kristall- Among the honors, awards and fel- Company for the new Carnegie Hallnacht Remembrance Concert," titledlowships the composer has received organ in 1974. "Maskir Neshamoth" or "In Remem-are a MacDowell fellowship (1958); the In 1993 the Union Theological Sem- brance of the Soul," was performed inPeabody Waite Award of the American inary of New York commissionedthe Library's Coolidge Auditorium onAcademy of Arts and Letters (1984); Mr. Berlinski, with Catholic composer Nov. 19, 1998. Recently, the U.S. Holo- a commission from the McKim Fund Robert Helmschrott of andcaust Memorial Museum in Washing-in the Library of Congress (1985); the Protestant composer Heinz Wernerton was the setting of the world pre-Shenandoah University and Conserva- Zimmermann of Frankfurt, to com-miere of Mr. Berlinski's CELAN, atory medal of Excellence (1992); and pose a work in honor of the Germanchamber work inspired by the life andthe Lifetime Achievement Award of the anti-Nazi fighter Dietrich Bonhoeffer. work of poet and Holocaust survivorAmerican Guild of Organists (1995). "Altar Tryptichon for Bonhoeffer" hasPaul Celan. Most recently, Mr. Berlinski received now been performed in America, Ger- Mr. Berlinski's latest work, a quintetthe Commander's Cross of the Order many, Israel and South Africa. Onefor clarinet and strings, was completedof Merit from the president of Ger- of the composer's most recent major in June 2001. many (2001). works, "Oratorio Job (Hiob)," may also A resident of Washington, D.C., The Herman Berlinski Collection will be his most important. CommissionedHerman Berlinski was born of Polishbe available to researchers in the Per- for the groundbreaking ceremony forJewish parents in Leipzig on Aug. 18,forming Arts Reading Room, LM-113, the rebuilding of the synagogue in1910. Mr. Berlinski received his pri-Madison Building, once it is organized Dresden, Germany, it received its worldmary music education at the Landes-and a finding aid compiled.

SEPTEMBER 2001 197 320 s

Utagawa Kunisada (1786-1865) and Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858), Modern Genji: Viewing in Snow (Füry0 genji yuki no nagame). This color woodblock, an 6ban triptych from the Library's latest exhibition, shows a careful recording of the physical world. Many common themes of Ukiyo-e imagery are seen here in abundanceincluding the elaborate dress of the male figure delicately holding an umbrella above him, and the female figure elegantly brandishing a broom.The title of the work alludes to the Tale of Genji, written early in the 11th century by Lady Murasaki Shikibu. Shadows, Dreams, Substance The Floating World of Ukiyo-e' Exhibition Opens

BY KATHERINE L. BLOOD support of Merrill Lynch. The ong appreciated and studied byUnited States-Japan Founda- LWestern artists, scholars and collec-tion funded the conservation of tors, the Japanese art of Ukiyo-e (trans- 0 original artworks on display. ' lated as "Pictures of the Floating or Sor- From Sept. 27 to Jan. 5, 2002, rowful World") first captures the eye by more than 100 artworks will its physical beauty and captivating sub- be on view in the Library's THE ject matterexquisite courtesans, stun-Jefferson building, revealing ning landscapes, the baroque world ofthe extraordinary breadth of FLOATING the theater. A closer look yields com- Ukiyo-e art and literature and WORLD plex layers of meaning, issuing partlythe depth of the Library's hold- OF from the dual function of Ukiyo-e art asings in these areas. The selection accessible, democratic images by and of works focuses on Ukiyo-e UKIYO-E°,, for everyday people, and as the new,from the 17th to 19th centuries, spirited progeny of a long and highlybut also offers examples from literate courtly tradition. other schools and traditions in The Library of Congress exhibi-Japanese art, and works that tion and its companion catalog "Theshow artistic cross-fertilization p Floating World of Ukiyo-e: Shad-between Japan and the West. _ ows, Dreams and Substance," markSome examples of modern and op the first substantial analysis andcontemporary Japanese prints , public viewing of Japanese wood-are also exhibited. block prints and printed books from The Library was fortunate to collaborate with This richly illustrated the collections of the Library of Con-three guest scholars who brought their exper- volume serves as the gress. The exhibition and catalogtise to the collection. Shojo Honda, senior refer- catalog for the Library's were made possible by the generousence librarian of the Japanese Section, donated exhibiton.

198 3?1 INFORMATION BULLETIN ,;i(74.7,4:,,,,,,./.,,,

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his time before and after his retirement from the Library to identify Utagawa Kunisada (1786-1864),Toyohara and prepare a bibliography of the collection of Pre-Meiji books on art,Kunichika (1835-1900) and Utagawa with Sandy Kita, a specialist in Japanese prints and paintings from theKuniaki (1835-1888), Half-length Portrait University of Maryland. The bibliography is published for the first timeBrocade Prints (Nishiki-e hanshin ga), in the exhibition catalog and will also be made available in both Englishca. 1860-1866 (left). This scroll-mounted and Japanese through the Japanese Section, Asian Division, Library ofgroup of twenty actor prints, many of Congress at (202) 707-3766 or -5426. which are diptychs, includes numerous Mr. Honda's research led Mr. Kita to further investigation into theimages of the same actors. nrints and drawirsacMos, specialist Lawrence Marceau from the University of Maryland, andUtagawa Kuniteru (1808-76), Edo meisho together they undertook the research and translations for the exhibitionai no uchi; ai no uchi: Oshichi (Famous and catalog. Shojo Honda also contributed his beautiful calligraphy to Places in Edo; ai no uchi: Oshichi). Yaoya the exhibition signage. Oshichi (1666-1683) was the daughter A richly illustrated exhibition catalog (published by Abrams in asso-of a greengrocer whose house burned ciation with the Library of Congress (2001) ISBN 0810941694, $49.50)down in the great Edo fire of 1682. While accompanies the show and includes essays on traditional and contem- their house was being rebuilt, she and porary views on Ukiyo-e (Kita), Japanese literature and woodblock-her father took refuge in a temple where printed books (Marceau), physical and conceptual aspects of JapaneseOshichi fell in love with a young man who books (James Douglas Farquhar from the University of Maryland) andwas studying there. When they returned artistic cross-fertilization between Japan and the West and the Library's home, Oshichi set fire to the new house collection (this writer). in order to return to the temple to be with her beloved. She was ultimately The Art Form of Ukiyo-e condemned to execution by fire. Oshichi's Scholars continue to debate the chronological boundaries of Ukiyo-e,story was recounted in kabuki drama but consensus opinion holds that it came of age and flourished duringand puppet theater, where her character Japan's Edo Periodfrom 1615 to 1868. This corresponds with the is portrayed in a kimono bearing the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate, a time of relative peace and limiteddistinctive starburst-like hemp design international contacts. During this period, the imperial court retainedassociated with her.

SEPTEMBER 2001 a 199 41\

VI

, aM11110.11=MMIAWili77.9./Ind ..,.-,..... , ,rac.t..^ r .^-, ..o...... ,....--...... expressed through the depic- tion of birds, plants, shells and insects. The importance of travel in Edo society was . driven partly by a mandatory i rule requiring all daimyo (feudal .,'' lords with domains awarded .,, by the shogun) to maintain res- , 4 . ., , idences in Edo and alternate .i . v V, their time between that city and their homes. Regular traffic to

,,. -'\\: 4A., and from the city was also stim- . ; . ,j01 .i;!:,1. ulated by the development of s'''.A 61 ..t.0% . major thoroughfares such as 1 1 ' . the Tokaido Road, which ran 1 <5 for along the coast between Edo I and Kyoto. On a deeper level, ,.f.- ;,, _.----,..-.------";-' landscape imagery was closely connected to classical Japanese art and poetry and Ukiyo-e ------_-. .----,...... -'....-_ printmakers built upon this tra- e-....., _-,...... ,_. dition, often alluding to the sea- 1 4, - -- Z.7------fr varimmoseeee ala...... *, sons, stories and poetry vis-à- vis certain features of the land Solite) ShOho (also known as Aoi &Aye!), Kishi enpu (Mr. Aoi's Album ofand nature. Charm), 1803. in this fine example of an extremely rare album of life and Text and poetry were essen- activities in the Shinchi licensed pleasure quarters of Osaka, a courtesan istialcomponentsinmany helped onto a boat by an uncultured but gentle boatman. Ukiyo-e artworks. This is espe- cially true of surimono, liter- its base in Kyoto, while the city of Edo Common Themes and Elements ally, "printed thing." Surimono were (now Tokyo) became the shogunal seatin Ukiyo-e Imagery privately commissioned prints, made of power. The social hierarchy of the The "here and now" life of theto commemorate special events and day placed those with the most spend-pleasure and theater districts in Edogiven to a select circle (usually literary) ing power, the merchants, at the lowerprovided continuously fertile groundas mementos. They paired poetic texts end of the scale. It was the collabora-for Ukiyo-e artists whose woodblockwith specific images, both of which tion among the merchants, artists, pub-prints of exquisite courtesans andwere typically intended to carry the lishers and townspeople of Edo thatresplendent kabuki actors were staplecachet of "insider knowledge" for a gave Ukiyo-e its unique voice. In turn,fare. Bijin-ga, or images of beauties,cultured and well-educated audience. Ukiyo-e provided them with a meanscelebrated both real and idealizedTexts and images might contain lay- of attaining cultural status outsidewomen (sometimes both at once withered meanings, literary references and the sanctioned realms of shogunate,a contemporary figure representing aindirect allusions to an event or cele- temple and court. historical persona or an abstract con-bration. Although initially considered "low"cept), including courtesans, perform- artby and for the nonelite classesers, artists, writers, fictional charac-Ehon:Blockprinted Books, the artistic and technical caliber ofters, historic figures and representative Painting Manuals and Albums Ukiyo-e is consistently fine, and "read-types. Celebrity often played a role in Words and images have long played ing" the images demanded (and stillprints of beauties, and this impulsea central role in Japanese cultural his- demands) an extremely high levelis particularly evident in Yakusha-e, ortory. Before the rise of printing, elite of visual, textual and cultural liter-images of actors. In contrast to thepatrons commissioned what are now acy. From its earliest days, Ukiyo-esofter style practiced in the Kyoto-considered to be great canonical works, images and texts frequently referredOsaka area, kabuki actors from Edosuch as the early 11th century Tale to themes, sometimes centuries-old,were known for a bombastic style ofof Genji (Genji monogatari), a massive from Japanese classical and literarykabuki called aragoto (rough stuff).romance extending over three genera- sources, history and art history. At theTheatrical prints often focused on cli-tions, written by Murasaki Shikibu, a same time, the boundaries of Ukiyo-emactic scenes in the play and momentslady-in-waiting to an imperial consort, continually expanded to reflect con-of epiphany for its actors. and the Tale of Genji Scrolls (Genji mono- temporary tastes, concerns and inno- Ukiyo-e images also ventured fargatari emaki), a series of exquisite illus- vations over the course of more thanafield of the pleasure and theater dis-trations delicately combined with calli- two and a half centuries. The result tricts. They depicted beauty spots andgraphic selections from the Genji text. was an art that was both populistoffamous places, natural and architec- By the 17th century, however, new and for the people, readily accessible, tural features, temples, monuments andprinting technologies completely trans- plentiful and affordableand highlythemes or products associated with spe- formed the ways in which people com- sophisticated. cific regions. Natural beauty was alsomunicated using words and images.

200 INFORMATION BULLETIN Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1798-1861), Night Scene Lit by a Lantern, signed Motome ni âji Toyokuni (Done on Demand by Toyokum). This triptych depicts a night scene lit by a lantern in which six actors appear, three dressed as a tiger, elephant and lion. The figures are identified as Hachiman Tare, Yoshiie (left, with parasol), Abe no Sadató (center, holding tiger), and Sadate) no tsuma (Sadath's wife) Sodehagi (right, holding a long letter). First movable type, and later wood-often key elements in composition and prints, also came on board part-time block printing techniques, by whichdesign. Since the process involves the as a consultant and to assist with treat- both text and illustrations were carvedtransfer of ink from the block to paper ments. Beyond stabilizing and extend- into blocks of wild cherry, provided theunder pressure, woodblock prints often ing (in many cases, saving) the life of means by which large numbers of indi-display three-dimensional qualities,these objects, conservation work fre- viduals could gain knowledge of alland embossing is a common design quently deepened the scholarly under- types without having to undergo thedevice. Papers vary in texture and standing of the works on display. laborious and expensive process ofopacity, and paper surfaces (plain and hand copying that had previously beenprinted) sometimes glitter with flecksThe Library's Collection the norm. of powdered metal or mica. Some The impact of Ukiyo-e reaches far One advantage of the block-print-images, especially early examples ofbeyond its original time (1615-1868), ing process was that books could beUkiyo-e, are spare and monochromatic.place (the Japanese city of Edo) and illustrated using the same process asAt the other end of the spectrum areintent. That so many major museums that which provided the text, and thatlavishly colored images built up inand libraries in Europe and the United books containing primarily illustra-multiple layers of color. Colors andStates have assembled substantial col- tions, such as for would-betextures are seen in cl dazzling arraylections of Japanese Ukiyo-e is a testa- artists or the collected works of pro-of combinations, from organic hand-ment to its influence and also reflects fessional painters, could also reach aapplied pigments to later aniline dyesthe shared histories of these coun- wider audience. and from metallic inks to highly pol-tries. During the 19th century, when ished lacquerlike passages. Japanese-influenced style irrevocably Japanese Woodblocks Original colors, textures and surfaceentered the lexicon of Western artistic As a vehicle for Ukiyo-e, woodblockdimensions must be carefully pre-expression, Western appreciation for printing was particularly successful,served through conservation, housingJapanese graphic art and culture allowing prints to be produced in quan-and limited exposure and handling. Toreached a crescendo. Simultaneously, tity and sold at a relatively low cost.meet the challenge of preparing exhi-and on a very different trajectory, Making Ukiyo-e prints was a groupbition objects for display, Director forexposure to the West began to have project, involving a publisher (for com-Preservation Mark Roosa and Mariaan increasing impact on Japanese art- mercial prints), an artist who drew the Nugent, Book and Paper Section head,ists and audiences. The results of these design in ink on paper, a carver who rallied the talented in-house conserva-cultural exchanges are extensively cut the design into the woodblock and a tion staff. The team was led by con-chronicled in the Library's matchless printer who inked the block and trans-servators Linda Stiber Morenus andholdings of graphic art. Particular ferred the image to paper. Jesse Munn, in collaboration with Rikkistrengths include Japanese Ukiyo-e of Ukiyo-e exploits the full potential ofCondon (see story on page 204). Winter-the 17th to 19th centuries, 19th cen- the woodblock medium. The interplaythur Museum conservator Betty Fiske,tury Yokohama-e (primarily images of of wood grain and paper texture are a specialist in the treatment of JapaneseWesterners in the port city of Yoko-

SEPTEMBER 2001 201 hama) and Japanese-inspired artworks known by Euro- pean and American artists from the mid-19th century for- ward as Japonisme (a term used to describe the taste for and artistic appropriation of Japanese style). The Library's collection also includes Japanese political prints from the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars and modern and contemporary Japanese prints. The Library of Congress owes its extensive holdings of Ukiyo-e prints and printed books to a host of different col- lectors, including Oliver Wendell Holmes, William Howard Taft, A.J. Parsons, Leicester Harmsworth and Donald D. Walker. However, the most extensive collection of Ukiyo-e at the Library was assembled by one remarkable individual, Crosby Stuart Noyes (1825-1908). Noyes came to Washing- ton, D.C., in 1847 with less than $2 in his pocket and rose up through the ranks as a young journalist. During the Civil War, Noyes was acquainted with Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of War Edward Stanton. The Star was the first newspaper to publish Lincoln's inaugural address, and official announce- ments were often made through the paper during his admin- istration. In 1867 Noyes purchased the paper along with sev- eral associates, and became its editor-in-chief. By 1908 the Star was hailed in the New York Tribune as "the most influen- tial newspaper in Washington ... which shapes more legisla- tion than any other paper in the United States." Over the course of his life, Noyes traveled widely and visited Japan several times. He assembled an extensive col- lection of Japanese art, which he gave to the Library in 1905. According to the 1906 Annual Report of the Library of Con- gress, the gift consisted of 1,304 works, including: "12 water- Hiratsuka Un'ichi (1895-1997). Library of Con- colors, 145 original drawings, 331 wood engravings, 97 lith- gress, Washington, D.C., 1966. This woodblock ographs, 658 illustrated books and 61 other items." The print of the Library's Jefferson Building was annual report's description of the gift, which included a created by one of the leaders of the Creative detailed list of works as well as letters from Noyes and Print Movement in Japan during the 1920s and Librarian of Congress Herbert Putnam, was reprinted by 1930$. He emigrated to the United States in 1962 the Government Printing Office, in a booklet titled The and spent the second half of his life as an artist Noyes Collection of Japanese Prints, Drawings, Etc., Presented in the Washington area. by Crosby Stuart Noyes,1906. Most of the major schools, genres and masters of Ukiyo-e In conjunction with the exhibition, the Library of are represented in Noyes's collection. Because he was pur- Congress and University of Maryland are jointly sponsoring a symposium on Oct. 26-27 titled "From Cherry Block to Mulberry Paper: Japanese Ukiyo-e Prints and Picture Books." Symposium lectures will include "The K6rin gafu and the Rimpa Revival in Early Nineteenth Century Japan" by Suzuki Jun, pro- fessor at the National Institute of Japanese Literature, Japan; "Reconsidering Ukiyo-e: Floating World, Sorrow- ful World, Flesh World" by Sandy Kita, assistant pro- fessor at the University of Maryland (Japanese art his- tory); "Early Japanese Picture Books at the Library of Congress: Beauty Horror and Humor" by Lawrence E. Marceau, associate professor at the University of Del- aware; "An Image and Its Links and Meanings" by Louise Virgin, assistant curator of later Japanese art at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston; and "The Dangers of Reading in Edo-Period Japan" by Peter Kornicki, profes- sor at the University of Cambridge, England. The symposium is free and open to the public. For fur- This untiled surimono by the artist Shinsai (ca. ther details, contact Susan Mordan, education specialist 1764-1820) includes a waka poem by Tonton-tei in the Library of Congress Interpretive Programs Office, Wason that translates as: "Icefish [cooking] like at (202) 707-9203. melting snow,/Peacefully the wine warms my breast,/ I feel like a spring of a thousand gold coins."

202 INFORMATION BULLETIN 325 a

Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849), from One Hundred Tales (Hyaku monogatari). The legend of a maid, Okiku, who is said to have been thrown down a well by her master for having broken one of a set of plates, has been recounted throughout Japan in a great variety of forms; this early hand-colored print by Nishimura Shigenobu (1730s-1740s) is a typical example of parody. Shiiki, the fierce demon queller, has his hand around the shoulder of a young woman who has, apparently, quite tamed him. chasing Japanese prints at a time whenit is by turns vig- such collecting was still in its infancy,orous, graceful, ero- he was able to acquire a large number oftesque, weird, deco- so-called "primitives" by early Ukiyo-erative, refined, intense, dainty andners and customs, industries and arts, masters of the 17th and 18th century.poetic." and it is believed that this collection Such prints were originally issued in He ended the passage by writing:will afford the inquirer a considerable limited numbers and are extremely rare "Japanese art, as well as character,amount of information." today. Noyes also collected Japanesehas been misunderstood and misrep- Beyond the beauty, charm and art- woodblock prints related to the Sino-resented." istry of its images, Noyes anticipated Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars. Noyes's gift to the Library came justthe research potential of his collection In his letter accompanying the gift, one month after the official close of theas a window into Japanese history and Noyes interweaves his opinions of Jap-Russo-Japanese War, in which Japanculture and as a source for both appre- anese art with the words of contempo-effectively blocked Russia's expansion-ciation and understanding. rary Western writers on Japanese art,ist policy in the Far East. Noyes alluded Today, the Library of Congress pre- including Edward E Strange, Sir Ruth-to the political climate of the times in this serves one of the major collections erford Alcock and Basil Hall Chamber-passage toward the end of his letter: of Japanese art and literature outside lain. On the subject of Japanese artists, "What is to be the future of thisof Japan. The lion's share of its hold- Noyes wrote: remarkable people? This is the greatings are housed in the Asian Division "Their art, as well as character, isproblem now before the world. The(mostly bound works) and the Prints notable for its diversity and strongpursuit of this inquiry will necessarilyand Photographs Division (primarily contrasts. In itsdifferent schoolslead to a close study of the antecedentsunbound works on paper). academic, realistic and impressionistof the Japanese; their history, life, man- continued on page 205

SEPTEMBER 2001 203 ;2.t 326 Conservation Corner Breathing New Life into Japanese Treasures

By LINDA STIBER MORENUSAND JESSE MUNN he Japanese art of woodblock printing is Tcelebrated in the exhibition "The Floating World of Ukiyo-e: Shadows, Dreams and Sub- stance." The works in the exhibition include individual prints, illustrated books and original drawings, each presenting unique conservation challenges. The woodblock prints in this exhibition from the Prints and Photographs Division were mounted on poor quality acidic boards. Over time, the boards had deteriorated badly and today are very brittle and chemically deleterious to the prints adhered to them. The adhesive used to attach the prints to the boards is problematic as well, with its amber color that stains the prints and also imparts chemical instability. Manta Clance With these concerns in mind, the conservationA Library conservator removes the mounting board from an challenge was to remove the artwork from theoriginal drawing from the Ukiyo-e exhibition. boards, while preserving every nuance of color and the multilayered printing effects, which areweighted under sheet of Plexiglas. the hallmark of Japanese woodblock printing. Removing the acidic mounting boards from the prints has not only First, a pilot project was undertaken to test sev-ensured their preservation while improving their aesthetic value, but eral conservation approaches and to assess thealso revealed aspects of their material character. The back of each print time and effort that would be required to treat allis now available for inspection. of the prints scheduled for exhibition. The rare books selected for this exhibition from the Asian Division's Based on the pilot project, a course of action collection of illustrated block printed books include rare copies, unique to save the prints was set. Removal from theiralbum collections, exquisite printings of famous woodblock artists and mounting required that the majority of the acidic a selection of hand-drawn sketchbooks. Conservators prepared 37 of board be delaminated with a spatula or scalpel,these books for display. while the final layers were removed with con- The formats of the on view are mainly in two styles. trolled applications of moisture using damp blot-One is the orihon, which is primarily a zig-zag, or accordion, format. The ter or Gore-tex fabric. The advantage of Gore-other main style is the fukuro-toji, which is composed of folios printed tex was that water could be introduced into the on one side and then folded in half from top to bottom of the page and prints as a vapor, avoiding wetting of the papersewn with silk thread along the cut edges. and media. The majority of the fukuro-toji style books are printed on thin, silky, Hand-applied colorants were treated for flak-translucent, long-fiber Japanese handmade paper. The more popular ing by applying a chemically inert adhesivethe book, the more the pages would have been handled, often leaving beneath the flakes with a fine brush, while work-significant amounts of surface dirt and loss of fiber along the foredge ing under a microscope. Some prints could befolds. To stabilize these volumes for exhibition, conservators carefully cleansed with water to remove stains, using con-removed as much surface dirt as possible and mended each foredge servation techniques that minimize dampnessfold with a thin, handmade Japanese tissue and wheat starch paste, as is and exposure time. Holes in prints were filledtypical of conservation work done in Japan. The almost invisible mends with inserts of Japanese paper similar to the orig-reinforce the pages and support continued reader enjoyment. Original, inal, attached with wheat starch paste, an adhe-worn covers were mended and the books resewn when necessary. sive traditional to Japanese artworks. Compen- Many of the orihon, or accordion, style books posed another problem. sation of losses in wood block designs was madeThese 19th and 20th century books were often printed on short-fiber using watercolors, pastels or dry pigment. paper that is vulnerable to breaking. Each fold was reinforced with a After mount removal, some of the prints werestrip of handmade Japanese paper tinted to blend with the color of the flattened, which required placing them on abook's pages. drying screen, called a karibari. A second method One conservation treatment required that conservators reinforce and of drying involves sandwiching a dampened repair the gold embroidered silk book covers by employing some of the print between two larger sheets of dampenedmethods used in Japanese scroll mounting. The ragged silk covers were Japanese paper. The "sandwich" then is placedremoved from the cover boards, lined with Japanese handmade paper, between even larger pieces of blotter and continued on page 205

204 32? INFORMATION BULLETIN Fellowships & Grants at the * O. Library of Congress co Ukiyo-e The Library of Congress offers a number of com- continued from page 203 petitive grant programs to support research in the Library's collections. The calendar below lists cur- The Exhibition rent support programs by their deadline dates. The unveiling of this little-known treasure trove rep-November 1 resents many years of v;ork by both in-house specialists The Henry Alfred Kissinger Chair in Foreign Policy and interna- tional Relations is a distinguished senior research position, in resi- and outside scholars, and the collaborative efforts of a dence at the Library of Congress for a period of 9 months to one year. large cast of staff throughout the Library. Interpretive Pro- Supported by a grant of $135,000, the Kissinger scholar is engaged in grams Officer Irene Chambers and Exhibition Director research related to American foreign policy, that will lead to publica- Kimberli Curry shepherded the exhibition from concept tion. Eligibility criteria include the Ph.D. or equivalent terminal degree to gallery, in partnership with the Asian Division, Prints and a substantial record of scholarly activity. and Photographs Division, Conservation Division, free- The Library of Congress International Fellows program is a resi- lance designer James Symons of Studio Five and co-cura- dential, postdoctoral fellowship supporting research in the non-Eng- tors Lawrence Marceau and this writer. lish language collections of the Library of Congress. Fellowships are The show is divided into five sections: "Early Mas- funded at $3,500 per month, for 4 to 9 months duration and are admin- istered by the American Council of Learned Societies and the Library ters," "Major Genres," "Images and Literary Sources," of Congress. Eligibility criteria for all fellowships include American cit- "Realia /Reportage" and "Japan and the West." "Early izenship or permanent residence status, and the Ph.D. degree. Appli- Masters" (17th and 18th century) features many of the cants must be within 7 years of the awarding of the degree. earliest and rarest examples of Ukiyo-e in the Library's The Library of Congress Rockefeller Fellows in Islamic Studies collections, showing the technical progression from program is a residential, postdoctoral fellowship supporting research monochrome images to polychrome "brocade" color in the humanities on globalization and Muslim societies, using the printing. "Major Genres" includes portraits of beautiful resources of the Library of Congress. The program is open to scholars women, theatrical prints and landscapes. "Images and worldwide who hold the Ph.D. degree. Appointments are from 5 to 10 Literary Sources" explores the rich interrelationships months in duration, supported by a grant of $3,500 per month. between Ukiyo-e images and themes from Japanese January 15 history and literature. "Realia /Reportage" examines The J. Franklin Jameson Fellowship is a program jointly adminis- aspects of Ukiyo-e images that function as documents tered by the American Historical Association and the Library of Con- gress Manuscript Division. This postdoctoral fellowship supports one reporting on the contemporary world of their creators semester of research in the collections of the Library of Congress by and consumers. "Japan and the West" examines artistic scholars in history at an early stage in their careers. The appointment influence between Western and Japanese artists from the is for 3 to 9 months in residence, with a grant of $10,000 for the term 19th century to the present day. of tenure. Applicants must have a Ph.D. or equivalent and be within 5 years of the awarding of the degree. Ms. Blood is assistant curator for fine prints in the Prints February 15 and Photographs Division. The author thanks Lawrence E. The Swann Fellowship in Caricature and Cartoon offers a grant of Marceau for contributing the section in this article titled $15,000 for the term of appointment, supporting research into carica- "Ehon: Blockprinted Books, Painting Manuals and Albums." ture and cartoon art with no limitation regarding place or time period. She also thanks Publishing Director Ralph Eubanks and Editor The fellow must be in residence at least 2 weeks during the award period and deliver a public lecture on work in progress. Eligibility Iris Newsom for all of their efforts in bringing the catalog to criteria include M.A. or Ph.D. candidacy in a university in the U.S., fruition, the guest scholars for sharing their knowledge of the Canada, or Mexico. The applicant must be working toward completion collections and all of the dedicated Library staff who helped of the degree or be engaged in postgraduate research within 3 years of make this project possible. the M.A. or Ph.D. degree. Application Materials Kissinger Chair.. Library of Corve. Interitati.:=! and cicc- Conservation feller Fellows application materials include an application form, curricu- continued from page 204 lum vitae, research proposal (maximum 3 typewritten pages), summary of research proposal (single page), and 3 letters of reference. Application mate- rials for Jameson Fellows include a curriculum vitae, research proposal in-filled with tinted silk and rewrapped around the (maximum 3 typewritten pages), tentative schedule for residence, and 3 cover boards. letters of reference. For Swann Fellows, application materials include an Conserving and preparing these important prints application form, résumé, project description (maximum 5 pages) including and books for exhibition was a collaborative effort project timetable, transcript(s) for graduate work to date, a sample of writ- that involved virtually every conservator in the Con- ing pertinent to the project, and 3 letters of reference. servation Division and was supported by the United Contact Information States-Japan Foundation. General: Office of Scholarly Programs, Library of Congress, 101 Indepen- dence Ave. S.E., Washington, D.C. 20540-4860; phone: (202) 707-3302; fax: "The unique character of these exquisite materials (202) 707-3595; email: [email protected]. Additional information for Library allowed our conservation group to branch out and of Congress International Fellows may be obtained from the American apply new conservation solutions that will assure Council of Learned Societies, Office of Fellowships and Grants, 228 East 45th these treasures are available for future generations," Street, New York, NY 10017-3398; fax: (212) 949-8058; email: [email protected]. For the Jameson Fellows, additional information may be obtained from the said Mark Roosa, director for Preservation. American Historical Association, 400 A Street, S.E., Washington, D.C. 20003. Web: www.theaha.org/prizes/Jameson_fellowship.htm. For the Swann Fel- Ms. Stiber Morenus is a senior paper conservator and lows, further information may be obtained from the Prints and Photo- Ms. Munn is a senior rare book conservator in the graphs Division, Swann Foundation Fund, Library of Congress, 101 Inde- pendence Ave. S.E., Washington, D.C. 20540-4730. Web: www.loc.gov/rr/ Conservation Division. prints/swann/swann_foundation.html.

205 SEPTEMBER 2001 32Z t o

2001-2002 Concert Season Operas by Libby Larsen and Roger Reynolds Premiere

Concerts from the Library of Congress 2001-2002 Programs subject to change without notice Sept. 28: David Krakauer, clarinet, with Brian Zeger, piano, and Klezmer Madness! Presented in memory of Max Isenbergh. Janacek: Allegro movement from the Concer- tino; Brahms: F Minor Sonata, op. 120, no. 1; Messiaen: Abyss of the Birds from Quartet for The 2001-2002 season of "Concerts from artistic and commercial partnership between the End of Time; Reich: New York Counter- the Library of Congress" presents a rich Swedish soprano Jenny Lind and the Amer- point for clarinet and tape; Debussy: Premiere array of free public programs offering ican promoter P.T. Barnum, to be presented Rhapsody; Krakauer: Rothko on Broadway; classical music, jazz, folk and popular music, in the Coolidge Auditorium on Feb. 1-2. "The Klezmer set, with the band. Tickets available musical theater, dance and film events. opera is an extraordinary vehicle to gain August 29 insight into ourselves as lovers of art and con- I Hear America Singing Oct. 3: National Symphony As part of the Library's multiyear celebra- sumers of entertainment," Ms. Larsen writes. "Mostly, though, it is the story of art, artists Orchestra Cello Ensemble with tion of America's rich musical creativity called Leonard Slatkin, conductor, and "I Hear America Singing," the Music Division and the human soul." A generous grant from will be producing a series of broadcasts on the the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Linda Hohenfeld, soprano Library's Web site in 2002. This project willsupports the productions of both operas. Bach-Shulman: Pastorale-Aria; Richard provide free Internet access to the Library's On Oct. 3, Augusta Read Thomas intro- Klemm: Concert Waltz; Alexandr Abramov- unsurpassed musical treasures through a data-duces the premiere performance of her new ich:LyricalFragments; Augusta Read base of recordings, reproductions of manu- work, Blizzard in Paradise, commissioned by Thomas: Blizzard in Paradise (Meet Augusta scripts and printed music, moving and still the Library's Hans Kindler Fund and written Read Thomas at 6 p.m. in the Whittall Pavilion images, and discussions by scholars and per- for members of the cello section of the National for an introduction of her new work; no tickets formers. "I Hear America Singing" will include Symphony Orchestra. New additions to the required); Boulez: Messagequisse; Stravin- lectures, master classes, symposia and otherLibrary's roster of McKim Fund commissions sky: Suite Italienne; Villa-Lobos: Bachianas educational programs that will examine a for violin and piano are Paquito D'Rivera's Brasileiras no. 5. Tickets available August 29 jazz fantasy for violinist Regina Carter; Ralph national musical legacy embracing the range Oct. 11-12:The Juilliard String of American musical expression. Shapey's Millennium Designs; and Before the Snow FlieslPandora's Box by Donna Long for Quartet Concert Season Cherish the Ladies, an all female Irish band. Mozart: Quartet in B-flat Major, K. 589; Premieres of six Library of Congress com- Tickets are required for all Library of Bartok: Quartet No. 6; Schubert: Quartet in G missions are slated for the coming season, Congress concerts. Tickets will be distrib- Major, D. 887. Tickets available August 29 including operas by Roger Reynolds and uted by TicketMaster at (301) 808-6900, (410) Libby Larsen and chamber works by Paquito 752-1200 in the Washington area or for Oct. 19: New York Festival of Song D'Rivera, Donna Long, Ralph Shapey and others at (800) 551-7328. Each ticket will Music of the , the dynamic Augusta Read Thomas. carry a nominal service charge of $2, with arts movement of the 1920s and the 1930s led by Justice, a multimedia opera by Pulitzeradditional charges for phone orders and African American artists and intellectuals, is cel- Prize-winning composer Roger Reynolds, handling. Tickets are also available at ebrated in music and lyrics by Eubie Blake, Zora is the tale of Agamemnon's conflict with TicketMaster outlets; for a complete list, Neale Hurston, Duke Ellington and Langston Clytemnestra. Soprano visit the TicketMaster site Hughes. Tickets available Sept. 5 CarmenPelton, actress www.ticketmaster.com. Oct. 20: Phyllis Bryn-Julson, soprano Donnah Welby and percus- Although the supply of sionist Steve Schick per- tickets may be exhausted, with Southwest Chamber Music form Nov. 30 and Dec. 1 there are often empty seats Washington premiere of An American in a striking production at concert time. Interested Decameron (Koussetvitzky Foundation com- directed by Henry Fonte patrons are encouraged to mission) by Richard Felciano, with texts based for the Library's Great Hall, come to the Library by on Studs Terkel's Working and Coming of Age. using multichannel com- 6:30 p.m. on concert night Tickets available Sept. 5 puter sound design by to wait in the standby line Oct. 26: Andrew Manze, Baroque Peter Otto. for no-show tickets. violin, and Richard Eggar, arpsichord Co-commissioned by the All concerts will be held Library of Congress and in the Coolidge Audito- Corelli: Sonata from op. 5 and Follia, op. 5, no. 1; Fontana: Sonata VI; Uccellini: Toccata the Odyssey Commission- rium, located on the ground ing Program of the Plym- floor of the Thomas Jeffer- sopra Sonata V, op. VI; Rossi: Toccata for solo outh Music Series, Libby son Building, 10 First Street harpsichord; Bonporti: Invention from op. 10; Pandolfi: Sonatas from Op. 3. Tickets available Larsen's cabaret opera Bar- S.E., at 8 p.m., unless other- num's Bird dramatizes the wise noted. Sept. 12 206 329 INFORMATION BULLETIN o

"-toe s Oct. 30: Eighth Blackbird Dec. 18-19:The Juilliard String Founder's Day Concert, honoring Elizabeth Quartet Sprague Coolidge. Minimum Security Compos- Stradivarius Anniversary Concert. Bach: ers: Minimum Security Trailer; Daniel Kellogg: The Art of Fugue. Tickets available Nov. 17 Divinum Mysterium; Aaron Jay Kernis: The Four Seasons of Futurist Cuisine; Frederic Rzewski: Feb. 1-2: Barnum's Bird Pocket Symphony; Kandy Coleman: Portals... by Libby Larsen (Library of where birds fly still. Tickets available Sept.19 Congress commission) Nov. 9: Petersen String Quartet with World premiere John Ferrari, percussion Show business meets great art in this Haydn: Quartet in B-flat Major, op. 76/4 compelling cabaret opera about the Ameri- ("Sunrise"); Schulhoff: Five Pieces for String can tour of the most beloved opera star of Quartet; Thomas Oboe Lee: Morango Almost her timethe Swedish Nightingale, Jenny a Tango; Pavel Haas: Quartet no. 2 (with per- Lindand the impresario who arranged it, the world-class showman RT. Barnum. cussion). Tickets available Sept. 26 Cast includes Esther Heideman as Jenny Nov. 15: Cherish the Ladies, Lind and Gary Briggle as P.T. Barnum, with an all female Irish band: Mary musical direction by Philip Brunelle and Rafferty, Mary Coogan, Dierdre stage direction by Jon Cranney. Tickets avail- able Dec. 19 Connolly, Donna Long and Liz Knowles Feb. 8: Li-Wei Qin, cello, with Donna Long: Before the Snow Flies/ JeremyYoung, piano Pandora's Box (McKim commission). Tickets Boccherini: Sonata in A MajorAdagio and available Oct. 3 Allegro; Ligeti: Solo Sonata; Barber: Cello Nov. 16: Albert Schweitzer Wind Sonatas; Kodaly: Solo Sonata; Paganini: Moses Variations on the theme of Rossini. Tickets Quintet available Dec. 26 Haydn: Divertimento ("Chorale St. Antoni"); Johann Sobeck: Quintet, op.9; Feb. 9: OsirisTrio Carter: Quintet; Reicha: Quintet in B-flat Major, Program to be announced. Tickets available March 14-15: Beaux ArtsTrio op. 100, no. 6; lbert: Trois pieces breves. Tickets Dec.26 Schumann: Trio no. 1 in D Minor, op. 63; available Oct. 3 Beethoven: Piano Trio in B Major, op. 97; March 1: Elaine Funaro, harpsichord other works to be announced. Tickets available Nov. 30Dec. 1: Justice by Roger Howells: Lambert's Clavichord, op. 41; Jan. 30,2002 Reynolds (Library of Congress Strorace: Ballo della Battaglia; Kent Holliday: commission)World premiere Dances from Colca Canyon; de Seixas: Sonata; March 16: Kocian String Quartet The tale of Agamemnon's conflict with Cly- Timothy Brown: Suite Espanola; Thome: Haydn: Quartet in G Major, op.77, no. 1; temnestra enacted from Clytemnestra's per-Rigodon; Cervo: Pequena Suite Brasileira; Hindemith: Quartet No. 3, op. 22; Dvorak: spective by Carmen Pelton, soprano; Donnah Platti: Sonata in F Major. Tickets available Jan. Quartet in G Major, op. 106. Tickets available Jan. Welby, actress; Steve Schick, percussion, Henry 16, 2002 30,2002 Fonte, director, and sound design by Peter March 22:The John Pizzarelli Trio Otto. Tickets available Oct. 17 March 5: Apollo's Fire, Cleveland An evening of classics from the Great Amer- Baroque Orchestra ican Songbook by the "First Family of Cool" Dec. 5: Oxalys Telemann: Concerto Polonaise in G; Don Presented in cooperation with the Flemish (New York Times). Jazz guitarist and singer Quixote Suite; Flute and Recorder Concerto; Community at the Embassy of Belgium. Jac- John Pizzarelli appears with his father, guitar Grillen-Symphonie ("Cricket Symphony") legend Bucky Pizzarelli; his wife, Broadway queline Fontyn: Sul cuor della , forand Water Music; James Hewitt: The Battle quintet; Mozart: Flute Quartet in A Major, star Jessica Molaskey:yoimger brother Marti n K. 298; Stravinsky: Elegy for viola solo; or T.eit Lint; Vi v alai-Sorrell: Summer Con- on bass; and pianist Ray Kennedy. Tickets avail- certo transcribed for solo harpsichord; able Feb. 6,2002 Carter: Enchanted Preludes for flute and cello; Handel: Water Music. Tickets available Jan. Debussy: Sonata for flute, viola and harp; Sofia 23, 2002 Gubaidulina: Garten van Frauden und trau- April 5: American Baroque Marc Mellits: Eleven Miniatures; Marin rigkeiten for flute, viola and harp; Dane Rud- March 8: Rubio String Quartet hyar: Dark Passage. Tickets available Oct. 24 Marais: La Sonnerie de St. Genevieve du Haydn: String Quartet in C Major, op. 33, Monde; Roy Whelden: She's So Heavy; Belinda Dec. 7: Zehetmair String Quartet no. 3 ("The Bird"); Stephen Paulus: Quartes- Reynolds: Solace; Louis-Antoine Dornel: Quar- Beethoven: String Quartet in D Major, op. sence; Beth Anderson: March Swale; Shosta- tet in B Minor; New work by Carolyn Yarnell. 18, no. 3; Beress: String Quartet no. 1; Brahms: kovich: String Quartet no. 4 in D Major, op. Tickets available Feb. 20,2002 String Quartet in A Minor, op. 51, no. 2. Tickets 83. Tickets available Jan. 23, 2002 available Oct. 24 April 9: Les Musiciens du March 13: We Gotta Get Out of -Grenoble directed by Dec. 8: Ensemble Aurora with This Place, Gerri Hershey, 7 p.m., Marc Minkowski Gloria Banditelli, mezzo-soprano Mumford Room Works by Rameau and Handel. Tickets avail- Presented in cooperation with the Embassy In conjunction with Women's History able Feb. 27,2002 of Italy and the Italian Cultural InstituteMonth, Gerri Hershey, one of rock's best Corelli. Sonata a tre, op. 2, no. 23 ("Ciacona"); known journalists, will discuss and auto-April 16: Rossetti String Quartet with Scarlatti: Cantata Bella ("Madre de' fiori"); graph copies of her book which relates Jean-Yves Thibaudet, piano Bononcini: Cantata ("II Lamento d'Olimpia"); the "true tough story of women in rock," Ellen Taffe Zwilich: Romance (McKim com- Vivaldi: Sonata a tre, op. 1, no. 12 ("La Follia"); among them: Janis Joplin, Aretha Franklin, mission); Ravel: Quartet in F Major; Franck: Bononcini: Cantata ("Care luci del mio bene"). the Ronettes, Madonna, Cher and Lauryn Piano Quintet in F Minor, Tickets available Tickets available Oct. 24 Hill. No tickets required March 6,2002

SEPTEMBER 2001 3 3 0 207 April 18-19:The Juilliard String Quartet with Gilbert Kalish, piano Beethoven: Piano Quartet to be announced; Ralph Shapey: Violin and Piano Duo (World PremiereMcKim Commis- sion); Sibelius: Quartet in D Minor, op. 56 ("Voices intimae"). Tickets available March 6,2002 May 10: Stefon Harris Quartet At the forefront of the current jazz scene, vibraphonist and composer Stefon Harris leads drummer Terreon Gully, bass- ist Reid Anderson and pianist Orrin Evans in an evening of post-bop, "booty-shaking" soul funk. Tickets available March 27, 2002 May 15: Blind Boys of Alabama, Neptune Plaza, Jefferson Building, Noon salis: At the Octoroon Balls; Brahms: Quintet in G Major for Strings. Tickets avail- These legendary singers perform a special program of spir- able April 3,2002 ituals and gospel music that includes foot-stomping, hand- clapping versions of old favorites and rare gems that are sure May 31: Paquito D'Rivera and His Band with to move the spirit. No tickets required Regina Carter, violin Cuban-American clarinetist, saxophonist and composer Paquito D'Rivera has May 18: Avalon String Quartet with Philip Setzer, created a multinational style that moves from bebop to Bach and Mozart, from viola, 2 p.m. Afro-Cuban ritual melodies to the music of the dance halls, giving a new meaning Schubert: Quartet no. 12 in C Minor, D. 603; Wynton Mar- to what is known today as Latin jazz. Tickets available April 17, 2002 Tracer Bullets New Bibliographies on Flight Available

'The Library's Science, Technologythe angle at which an aircraft is posi-Some sort of carrier for passengers can 1 and Business Division has pub-tioned with respect to the airstreambe attached to the bag. Only the altitude lished three additional subject bibliog-and the flight speed. of free balloons can be controlled; their raphies, each concerning flight, in its direction and speed depend on the "Tracer Bullet" series. Not intendedAircraft wind. Airships, however, are equipped to be comprehensive, these compila- This compilation refers the reader towith some means of propelling and tions are designedas the name of the sources that pertain to the history, pres-steering, so that controlled flight is series impliesto put the reader "onent status and uses of aircraft. An air-possible. There are three types of air- target." craft is any machine or device capable ships: nonrigid, semirigid and rigid. of atmospheric flight. Aircraft can be Lighter-than-air vehicles get their lift Aerodynamics (Mechanics of classified as fixed-wing, rotary-wing,from "aerostatic forces," rather than Flight) flapping-wing and lighter-than-air. Thefrom aerodynamic forces that support This bibliography provides refer-first three classes are heavier-than-aira heavier-than-air aircraft. A balloon or ences to a variety of materials in the vehicles. Four forces act on a heavier-airship's lift is derived from its buoy- collections of the Library that are usefulthan-air vehicle in flight through theancy, which comes from the difference in researching aerodynamics, the sci-atmosphere: weight, aerodynamic lift,between the density of the atmosphere ence that deals with the motion of airdrag and thrust. Unlike a lighter- and that of the lifting gas that fills the and other gases, or when gases movethan-air vehicle such as a balloon or aircraft. against or around solid bodies. There-blimp, whose weight is balanced by These new publications are free and fore, aerodynamics comes into playan upward buoyancy force, a heavier-may be obtained by writing to the Sci- when air is flowing through ductsthan-air aircraft must be propelled andence, Technology and Business Divi- or other enclosed spaces such asmaintained in the air. The scope of this sion, Library of Congress, Washington, wind tunnels, jet and rocket engines,guide is limited to heavier-than-air air-DC 20540-4750, or by telephoning (202) and pipes. craft; the following Tracer Bullet refers707-5664. A list is available of many Becoming familiar with the prin-to lighter-than-air aircraft. other Tracer Bullets on timely subjects ciples of aerodynamics allows us to in science and technology. understand why and how an aircraftBalloons and Airships For those with Internet access, all can fly, as well as how to design better, This Tracer Bullet focuses on bal-Tracer Bullets published from 1989 more efficient aircraft. Aerodynamicloons, airships, dirigibles, aerostats and until several years ago, as well as principles may be used to find the bestblimps. A balloon is a vehicle whoseselected older Tracer Bullets, can be ways in which airplanes can get lift,flexible bag is inflated with a lighter-accessed at memory.loc.gov/sctb. The reduce drag and remain stable by con-than-air gas, such as helium, so that itthree items announced here will be trolling the shape and size of the wing,will rise and float in the atmosphere.added to the database soon.

208 INFORMATION BULLETIN 6 331 Sr 0

News from the Law Library Partnership with Inter-American Development Bank

By JANICE HYDE Through a program of technical the need for extensive interactions. he Law Library is working with the cooperation, the IDB has already spon- Through the GLIN-Americas initia- TInter-American Development Banksored GUN participation for the MER-tive (the aggregate of the subregional (IDB) to plan for the implementation ofCOSUR ("southern market") coun-efforts), the IDB will provide financial the GUN-Americas initiative. tries of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and support for training and equipment for Announced at the Summit of theUruguay. This program enabled the the parliaments tn participn to in C.T TN, Americas held by the Inter-American legislatures of the countries to exchangethus strengthening the infrastructure Development Bank (IDB) in Quebec,legal information among themselvesand human capital of the legislatures Canada, in April, the GLIN-Americasas well as with other GUN memberin the hemisphere. Parliamentary offi- initiative includes support for a hemi-nations around the world. One of thesecials will learn about modern legisla- spheric network of legislative informa-countries, Uruguay, earned a "GLINtive information technologies as well tion that would expand membership inModel Station" award in 1998 for exem-as how to effectively organize and the Law Library's Global Legal Infor-plary performance and continues tomanage legislative information as a mation Network (GLIN) to include allplay a leading role in the region byresult of the GLIN-Americas program. IDB member countries in the Westernoffering training and assistance. The IDB notes that access to compara- Hemisphere by the end of 2003. The new initiative calls for threetive legislation made possible through The published proceedings from thesubregional components: the CentralGLIN will have an impact on the devel- meeting notes that parliaments mustAmerican parliaments will be incorpo- opment of legislation at the national, deal with complex issues, and "in theserated in the network beginning latersubregional and global levels. circumstances, legislators require timelythis year; the Caribbean legislatures There are currently 16 contributing access to specialized knowledge that iswill be the focus of efforts beginningmembers of GLIN. The GLIN-Amer- not always available at the individual early in 2002; and, starting late in 2002, icas initiative will contribute signifi- country level." The goal of GUN is tothe legislatures of the Andean coun-cantly to the Law Library's goal of 40 link legislatures of the world togethertries will be linked to GLIN. By con-contributing nations by 2004. in an exchange of legal information to centrating on subregions, the IDB aims ensure access to a comprehensive data- to promote dialogue and cooperation Ms. Hyde is program officer for the Law base of relevant legal information. among neighboring nations that have Library. American Association of Law Libraries 2001 Conference BY MARIE-LOUISE BERNAL tions and outlined possible areas oflections: New Approaches and Coop- LawLibrarianRubensMedina cooperation in information technology.erative Projects," Mr. Medina pre- headed the delegation of the LawHe also told of opportunities for intern-sented a paper describing how the Law Library, which attended the 94thAnnual ships and scholarships for national andLibrary's electronic initiative GLIN, Meeting and Conference of the Ameri- international professionals. the Global Legal Information Network canAssociation of Law Libraries (AALL) AALL President Robert L. Oakley(www.1 nr.gnv/g1 n ;n rnUallrmat:nn in Minneapolis on July 14-19. Because ofchose "New RealitiesNew Roles" aswith foreign governments, captures Minnesota's record heat wave, attend- the theme for the 2001 conference. Edu-authentic legal texts at their source ees took full advantage of the city's cational programs were offered to helpand makes them available in electronic 5-mile system of skyways, built mainlymembers cope with the challenges offormat. The panel was coordinated by to protect people from the cold. the information age and learn aboutJules Winterton, director of the Library Annual attendance at the AALLthe latest trends in law librarianshipof the Institute of Advanced Legal meeting enables the Law Library toas well as the many new opportunitiesStudies in London, and moderated by share its experiences with colleaguesand challenges that have emerged. Marci Hoffman, foreign and interna- from around the nation and the world. Professor Oakley challenged his col-tional law librarian at the Georgetown Following a tradition of several years,leagues to be proactive. "InformationUniversity Law Center Library. the Law Library kicked off the Annualis our business, and information is the Christa McClure of the General Meeting with a reception, sponsoredcenter of the new economy. Since the lawCounsel's Office spoke on how to con- by the Friends of the Law Library ofwill play a central role in the develop-duct research in German law on a Congress, on the Marquette Hotel'sment of the new economy, law librari-panel presentation focusing on "The 50th floor. The venue provided a spec-ans who are innovative, thoughtful andNew Reality of a United Germany: tacular panoramic view of the city assomewhat entrepreneurial will be posi-German Legal Sources and Research the participants enjoyed meeting their tioned to play a significant role in rein-Strategies." colleagues. In his welcome remarks,venting both library and legal services." Mr. Medina offered to share the Law During a session focusing on "New Ms. Bernal is special assistant to the Law Library's expertise with other institu-Realities for Developing Global Col- Librarian.

SEPTEMBER 2001 209 332 S frm the Center for the Book ivers ofmerica' Bibliography Published rr he Center for the Book 1 has co-published a major new reference work about the "Rivers of Amer- ; en A 4L i: F S ica" book series. . , The Rivers of America: A Descriptive Bibliography by Carol Fitzgerald is a com- prehensive description of the 65-title series (1937- 1974). The two-volume work is published by Oak Knoll Press and the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress. In this authoritative and illustrated 1,020-page ref- erence work, collector and bibliographer Carol Fitzger- ald presents complete bib- liographical descriptions of the nearly 400 printings of the 65 titles in the series and Carol Fitzgerald's new bibliography biographies of all of its 60 of the 65-book "Rivers of America" authors, 53 illustrators and series; Kennebec (1937) and The eight editors. American (1974) were the first and "Carol Fitzgerald helped last volumes in the series. the Center for the Book and the American Folk life Center organize The Library of Congress cele- our 1997 celebration of the 60th anni-bration, held on April 9-10, 1997, versary of the Rivers of America series,brought together at the Library 11 ThE and it's a pleasure to assist in the pub-"Rivers of America" authors, illus- lication of this significant historicaltrators and editors (see Information work," said Center for the Book Direc-Bulletin, June 9, 1997). Several other tor John Y. Cole. "Carol's admirableauthors and illustrators sent con- achievement accurately and fully cap-tributions or greetings, but were tures the unique nature of this remark-unable to attend. able series of bookswhich today is In his preface to the Oak Knoll known for its excellent writers andvolumes, Mr. Cole recalled that illustrators and its intense and rela-"listening to the stories of the tively early concern for the impor-authors and illustrators of the tance of regional and local history." Rivers books at the 1997 meeting Conceived by Canadian-born poet,was inspiring." Moreover, the gath- author and historian Constance Lind-ering itself "was a major accom- say Skinner (1877-1939), the "Rivers ofplishment for all concerned, includ- America" series began with Kennebec:ing the participants, considering Cradle of Americans (1937) by Robertthat this unique series had been P. Tristam Coffin and concluded withlaunched 60 years earlier." The American: River of El Dorado (1974) The meeting was supported in 011',:albaM by Margaret Sanborn, who partici-part through a contribution to the ILlumuuted by Jerzy lielmrich pated in the Center for the Book's 1997Center for the Book from Henry Holt and Co. Inc., made "in memory of the conference. The series was published major role played by Henry Holt in the genesis of the original series." by Farrar & Rinehart and its cor- The Rivers of America: A Descriptive Bibliography is available for $125 from porate successors: Rinehart & Co.Oak Knoll Press, 310 Delaware St., New Castle, DE 19720; telephone (302) (1946-1960) and Holt, Rinehart and328-7232; toll-free (800) 996-2556; fax (302) 328-7274. It can be ordered online at Winston (1960-1974). www.oakknoll.com/pressrel/rivers.html.

210 INFORMATION BULLETIN 333 2001 "River of Words" Ceremony Held at the Library The sixth annual awards ceremony for the winners and finalists of the "Riverof Words"environmental poetry and art contest took piace in the Library's Mumford Room on April 28. Robert Hass, U.S. Poet Laure- ate 1995-97, moderated the program, encouraging the winning young art- ists to talk about their work and the young poets to read their poems. The National Poetry Grand Prizes were awarded to: Travis Baker, age 7, Kennesaw, Ga.; Elsinore Smidth, age 11, Mill Valley, Calif.; Amanda Miller- Hudson, age 15, Vicksburg, Miss.; and Zachary England, age 17, Salt Lake City, Utah. Winners of the National Art Grand Prizes were: Shannon O'Keefe, age 7, Kennesaw, Ga.; Jamie John McShane Lyn Pase, age 9, Baltimore, Md.; Philip Robert Hass with three young 2001 Cortese, age 14, Lafayette, La.; and River of Words winners: Travis Baker, Crystal Love, age 17, Decatur, Ga. The age 7; Elsinore Smidth, age 11; and International Grand Prize (Art) went Shannon O'Keefe, age 7 to Valeriy Polushkin, age 12, Zhtyo- myr, Ukraine. Other awardees were Christian Jordan, age 8, Mill Valley, Calif. (Shasta Bioregion Prize); Alex- andra Petri, age 12, Washington, D.C. (Anacostia Watershed Prize); and Peter Gavin, Kentfield, Calif. (Teacher of the Year). On May 1 at the Library, River of Words, the Anacostia Watershed Society and the Center for the Book John McShane sponsored a hands-on environmen-Peter Gavin (clockwise from tal and arts education workshop forabove) of Kentfield, Calif., educators. accepts the 2001River of Founded in 1995, River of Words isWords Teacher award; poetry an international poetry and art pro-finalist Christine Mbula of Silver gram created to promote literacy andSpring, Md., with her family; environmental stewardship. The envi-"Earthina" (a.k.a. Pete y Giroux, ronmental poetry and art contest,River of Words coordinator for cosponsored by River of Words andthe state of Georgia) reminds the Center for the Book, grows inthe audience the importance popularity each year. Seven state cen-of keeping the earth clean, John McShane ters for the book plus the District ofChris Citron (coordinator of the Columbia Center for the Book areColorado Center for the Book, participating at the state level: Ari-Mr. Hass, and River of Words zona, California, Colorado, Nebraska,co-founder Pamela Michael. Nevada, Utah and Wyo- ming. The deadline for each year's contestis Feb. 15. For more infor- mation, contact River of Words, P.O. Box 4000-J, Berkeley, CA 94704, phone: (510) 548-POEM, email: info@riverof- words.org; or Web site: wwwriverofwords.org. John McShane John McShane

SEPTEMBER 2001 211 334 THE LIBRARY OFWASHINGTON,101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE DC 20540-1610 AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE OF STANDARD CONGRESS & FEES PAIDWASHINGTON, DC PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL PERMIT No. G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CIJEEricSyracuse005DUS*******************3_DIGIT CoordinatorClearinghouse Univ on Info/Tec 132 525 P5 IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETIN removed from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 Syracuse4-194 Center NY 13244-4100 for Sci & Tec yourmissingenterpagefor this inquirestoon publicationthe issue(s)address above to theoflabel address. thecheckabove and Bulletin, herereturn.address.If change 0 please andTo requestisreturn requiredaddress this 335 336 The LIBRARY of CONGRESS n'ormation Bu''etin Vol. 60, No. 10 October 2001

nal1®© Waawas 2oyitemalmE 00200 337 * 0 p The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Val( Information c-)

Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 60, No. 10 October 2001 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Dr. Billington and Laura Bush open the first National Book Festival Sept. 8, enjoyed by more than 25,000 visitors to the Library. Photos by Rebecca D'Angelo and Christina Tyler Wenks Cover Story: The National Book Festival welcomed authors, storytellers and book lovers from around the world. A formal gala opened the event the night before; the Library sponsored a Conservation Clinic along with the festival; and Dr. Billington, Mrs. Bush and basketball stars Lisa Leslie and Grant Hill participated in a special "Back-to-School" program for children. 218 Archives of a Tragedy:A new Web site captures the online 216expressions of individuals, groups and the press in the aftermath of terrorist attacks in the United States on Sept. 11, 2001. 215 Beyond Words:The American Folklife Center and folklorists nationwide are collecting public reactions to the Sept. 11 tragedy on audiotape. 216 Meeting of the Minds:The Librarian of Congress convened the Scholars' Council in the John W. Kluge Center. 217 Play Around, Learn Something:The America's Library Web site for kids and families has added new games and activities. 224 IFLA 2001:The Library participated in this year's IFLA conference in Boston, and Library staff members were elected to key posts. 225 Humanizing the Digital:Excerpts of the Librarian's speech before 218the IRA conference. 227 Distinguished Scholar:An interview with John Hope Franklin. 228 Keys to the Kingdoms:New illustrated guides to the Library's African and Middle Eastern collections are available. 233 The Importance of Foreign Policy:Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger spoke at the Library on Oct. 10. 234 Pioneer in Blind and Deaf Education:The extraordinary story of Laura Bridgman. 236 GLIN Meets:Directors and partners of the Law Library's Global 224Legal Information Network meet on a fateful day. 238 News from the Center for the Book 242

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GuY LAMOLINARA, Editor JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer 228 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor September 11 Web Archive Library and Partners Announce Digital Project

he Library of Congress, in ft.. I Ms= Ila Ste. I Szalti about the events online. We see it Tcollaboration with the Inter- septernbm11 amiuveta.) ° GII:A2Ctre0 00=0330 everywhere online, and we want net Archive, the Pew Internet to preserve a record of it." This collection will be the & American Life Project and .-- webArchivist.org, announced ."klalL032),.±,le 9-11,2 .2.1'w second large-scale collection of the release of a collection of digi- =. -' Web sites to be archived and 000 aalka 11,-,0 tal materials called the Septem- A made available online through ber 11 Web Archive, available at an ongoing partnership between Septemberltarchive.org. trunanami 5 the Library of Congress and the The Archive preserves the Internet Archive. In June 2001, Web expressions of individuals, the Library announced its Elec- groups, the press and institu- tion 2000 Collection created to preserve open access Web mate- tions in the United States and 000 AnaLsis . T from around the world in the rials pertaining to the November aftermath of the attacks in the . ' webarchivist.org 2000 U.S. national election. The United States on Sept. 11, 2001. ISDIVIIffigetillIP ,,. Election 2000 collection is avail- TheArchiveisimportant able online at web.archive.org/ Pew Want sod because it contributes to the his- Imak I ta P epet collections/e2k.html. torical record, capturing infor- The Internet Archive mation that might otherwise be (www.archive.org) is a 501(c)(3) lost. With the growing role of the WebLibrarian for Library Services Winston public nonprofit organization that was as an influential medium, records ofTabb. "Such sites are very powerful pri- founded to build an "Internet library," historic events could be consideredmary source materials." with the purpose of offering perma- incomplete without materials that were "The Internet is as important asnent access for researchers, historians "born digital" and never printed onthe print media for documentingand scholars to historical collections paper. Because Web content changesthese events," said Diane Kresh, the that exist in digital format. Founded in at a very rapid pace, it is important toLibrary's director of Public Service 1996 and located in the Presidio of San capture immediately the national andCollections. "Why? Because the Inter- Francisco, the Archive has been receiv- international response to these eventsnet is immediate, far-reaching, and ing data donations from Alexa Internet before they disappear from the histori-reaches a variety of audiences. You and others. cal record. have everything fromself-styled WebArchivist.org is a group of schol- Library of Congress staff has recom-experts to known experts commenting ars and students dedicated to devel- mended the Web sites to be includedand giving their viewpoint." oping tools and strategies for studying in the Archive, just as they do for the "The wonderful thing about the Webthe ephemeral Web. The organization physical collections of the Library. is that it's the world's perspective," said (www.webarchivistorg) is co-directed "It is the job of a library to collect andBrewster Kahle, founder of the Internetby Professor Steven M. Schneider, a make available these materials so thatArchive. "It's a forum for understand- political scientist a t the SUNY Institute of future scholars, educators and research- ing other points of view, not just thoseTechnology at Utica /, and Kirsten ers can not only know what the officialin the traditional media." A. Foot, a communications scholar at organizations of the day were thinking "Traditionally, researchers have the University of Washington. and reporting about the attacks onturned to books, letters, films and art The Pew Internet & American Life America on Sept. 11, but can read theto make sense of defining historicalProject (www.pewinternet.org) creates unofficial, 'online diaries' of those who moments. But with the ubiquity of theand funds original, academic-quality lived through the experience and sharedInternet and electronic communication,research that explores the impact of the their points of view," said Associatescholars will also have to study WebInternet on children, families, commu- sites to understand this recent act ofnities, the workplace, schools, health Annual Retirees Luncheon destruction and carnage," said Steven care and civil-political life. The project, The Library of Congress will M. Schneider, associate professor ofdirected by Lee Rainie, aims to be an hold the annual Retirees Lun- political science at the SUNY Instituteauthoritative source for timely infor- cheon at noon in the Montpelier of Technology at Utica /Rome. Kirstenmation on the Internet's growth and Room of the Madison Building Foot, assistant professor of communi-societal impact, through research that on Wednesday, Dec. 19. If you cations at the University of Washing-is impartial. Professors Schneider and have not received your invita- ton added, 'There is the potential forFoot will serve as Research Fellows tion, call the Special Events Office a new level of civic activism emerging. with the project and write reports exam- at (202) 707-1616. There's been a huge surge in peopleining the changing Web sphere follow- feeling compelled to make statementsing the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.

OCTOBER 2001 215 , 0.

NE94141/ . Personaleacii ns to Tragedy America F lklife Center Collects Reactions to Sept. 11

By JAMES HARDIN to create a radio docu- "'Le American Folk life Center at the mentary program that ibrary of Congress has called uponwas broadcast on the folldorists across the nation to documentMutual Broadcasting on audiotape the thoughts and feelingsSystem. It was part of expressed by average citizens follow-a series of radio pro- ing the tragic events of Sept. 11. Thesegrams that were then recordings and supporting documen-distributed to schools tary materials will become part of the and radio stations. This Center's , thecollection is still used largest and most important archivetoday by researchers devoted to the folklore and traditionaland radio producers. culture of Americans and of the many Sixty years later, in cultural groups from around the world. this time of national With the September 11, 2001, Docu- crisis and mourning, mentary Project, the American Folk life the American Folldife David A. Taylor Center is building upon a unique prec-Center has issued aA memorial tribute placed on a slope overlooking edent. On Dec. 8, 1941, renowned folk-similar call to the folk-the site where a hijacked plane crashed into one lorist Alan Lomax, who was serving as lore community to helpside of the Pentagon on Sept. 11. the head of the Folk Archive, sent ancreate the September urgent message to folklorists around,11, 2001, Documentary Project. The proj-preserve the audiotaped interviews and the United States to collect "person on ect was suggested by reference special-supporting materials that present the the street" reactions to the bombing ist Ann Hoog, who noted the compari-personal experience stories of average of Pearl Harbor and the declaration ofsons being made in media reports to the Americans in the wake of the terrorist war by the United States. Recordings bombing of Pearl Harbor. Peggy Bulger, attack. What were they doing when were made in all parts of the country in director of the American Folklife Centerthey heard? How have their lives been which people expressed their immedi-and president of the American Folklorechanged? In addition, the center will ate reactions to this cataclysmic event.Society, agreed the idea was both worthy collect photographic documentation of Interviews were conducted with shoe-and appropriate, and e-mailed folklor-the memorial tributes that have sprung makers, electricians, janitors, oilmen,ists around the country to "documentup near the Pentagon and at the site of cab drivers, housewives, students, sol- the immediate reactions of averagethe World Trade Center disaster. These diers and physicians. Americans in your own communities to temporary memorials include posters, People of many ethnic groups andyesterday's terrorist attack and to whatphotographs, flowers, flags and other ages are represented in these inter- many have called an act of war." memorabilia through which those con- views expressing their opinions on the In Baltimore, folklorist Rory Turner, nected to the disaster victims and others political, social, economic and militaryprogram director for the Maryland Stateexpress their grief and sympathy. aspects of the Pearl Harbor attack. These Arts Council, has already heeded the Audio field recordings are invalu- field recordings were sent to the Library call. At a Chinese food and barbecueable elements of our historical record, of Congress, where they were used stand in the city, for example, Mr. TurnerMs. Bulger says. And storytelling and spoke to Douglas H. Stra-other forms of expression help people chan, pastor of St. Paul'sto manage their feelings: "It often is Lutheran Church, who said,cathartic to tell stories [about] where "You can't let your hatredyou were when you heard about the for one nation and oneattacks." While the Folklife Center is people destroy your beliefalso accepting some of the more poi- in humanity." gnant of the countless e-mail accounts The center will collect and in circulation, "nothing replaces the recorded voice," said Ms. Hoog. "When you listen to those voices from 1941, This memorial to a wo-along with the street noises in the back- man killed on Americanground, you are better able to imagine Airlines Flight 77 is among the whole context of that particular hundreds of shrines time and place." appearing near the Penta- gon and the World TradeMr. Hardin is a writer-editor in the Center. American Folklife Center. David A. Taylor

216 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0 sa` 'Ilk f 'AP A Meeting of the Minds Library of Congress Scholars' Council Convenes

n Oct. 11, Dr. Billington convenedAmerica as well as in Western Europe ican Law and Governance, (2) Societies Qthe first meeting of the Scholars'and the United States. and Cultures of the North, (3) Societies Council in the John W. Kluge Center, a The members are: Bernard Bailyn,and Cultures of the South, (4) Technol- center that was formed at the LibraryBaruch Blumberg, Judith Margaretogy and Society and (5) Modern Cul- of Congress with a $60 million endow-Brown, Sara Castro-Klaren, Julia Ching, ture. In addition, it will offer advice on ment to foster scholarly research world-Jean Bethke Elshtain, Robert Fogel,suitable recipients for the Kluge Prize wide in the Human Sciences. Bronislaw Geremek, Hugh Heclo, Ger-of $1 million designed to recognize out- Members of the Scholars' Counciltrude Himmelfarb, Vyacheslav Ivanov,standing lifetime achievement in the include recipients of Nobel prizes,Bruce Mazlish, Walter McDougall,Human Sciences. The council will also Pulitzer prizes and numerous otherJaroslav Pelikan, John Rogers Searle,suggest ways both to enrich Library distinguished awards and representAmartya Sen, Wole Soyinka, Jamesof Congress resources and to make the fields of applied science, econom-Turner, Mario Vargas Llosa and Wil-the best use of the Kluge Center's ics, history law, politics, literature, phi- liam Julius Wilson. upcoming Post-Doctoral Fellows Pro- losophy and religion. As a group, the The Scholars' Council will advisegram enabling younger scholars to use Scholars' Council has research expe-the Librarian of Congress on futurethe library's collections. rience in Africa, South and East Asia, appointments for five senior-level chair A brief description of appointees to Central and Eastern Europe and Latinpositions at the Kluge Center: (1 ) Amer- the Scholars' Council follows.

Bernard Bailyn, at Harvard Univer- Jean Bethke Elshtain, Laura Spelman Gertrude Himmelfarb, who taught sity has received two Pulitzer prizes, one for Rockefeller Professor of Social and Political for 30 years at Brooklyn College and as Dis- The Ideological Origins of the American Revolu- Ethics in the Divinity School at the Univer- tinguished Professor of History at the City tion and the other for Voyagers to the West. In sity of Chicago, is the author of Augustine College of New York, has written extensively 1998 Professor Bailyn received the Jefferson and the Limits of Power; Democratic Authority on society and culture with special expertise Medal of the American Philosophical Society at the Century's End; and Women and War. Her on British Victorian morality, conscience and for achievement in the humanities. work examines broad-based topics such as virtue. Her works include The Demoraliza- Baruch Blumberg, formerly at the the survival of democracy; marriage, fami- tion of Society: From Victorian Virtue to Modern University of Pennsylvania as a medical lies and feminism; and state sovereignty in Values; The Idea of Poverty: England in the Early anthropologist, received the Nobel Prize in international relations. Industrial Age; and, most recently, One Nation, 1976 for his work on the origin and spread of Robert Fogel is director of the Center Two Cultures. infectious diseases, and was instrumental for Population Economics at the University Vyacheslav Ivanov, at the University in the discovery of the hepatitis-B vaccine. of Chicago and has written Without Consent of California at Los Angeles, has held many Currently, Mr. Blumberg's work at the or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slav- distinguished positions as a linguist with a National Aeronautics and Space Administra- ery; The Escape from Hunger and Early Death; global range and as a leader of the Russian tion involves integrating biological research Europe and America, 1750-2050; and Business School of Semiotics. He has been director of and technology into the space program. Ethics in Historical Perspective. He received a the All-Union Library of Foreign Literature Judith Margaret Brown, Beit Profes- Nobel Prize in 1993 for applying economic in Moscow, chairman of the department of sor of Commonwealth History at Oxford theory and quantitative methods to explain Theory and History of World Cultures at University in England, is renowned for her economic and institutional change. Moscow State University and is currently work in Indian history and is the author of Bronislaw Geremek is the former chairman of the Commission for the Com- Gandhi and Civil Disobedience: The Mahatma foreign minister of Poland and a scholar of plex Study of Creativity. He is writing a in Indian Politics; Modern : Origins of an medieval European history specializing in book on the development of language in Asian Democracy; and Nehru. Polish and French history and culture. He Los Angeles. Julia Ching, University Professor and served as chair of the parliamentary caucus Bruce Mazlish, at the Massachusetts Lee Chair Professor of Chinese Thought and of Solidarity in Poland and, concurrently, Institute of Technology since 1950, is an Culture at the University of Toronto, is abecame a faculty member at the College architect in the field of psychohistory. He scholar of East Asian philosophy and reli- de France. Mr. Geremek has written Idea ofhas received the Toynbee prize, an interna- gion with a geographical focus that spans Civil Society; Poverty: A History; and Common tional social science award, and has writ- Asia, Europe and North America. She has Roots of Europe. ten the groundbreaking works In Search of written The Religious Thought of Chu Hsi; The Hugh Heclo, a professor of Public Nixon: A Psychohistorical Study; Kissinger: Butterfly Healing: A Life between East and West; Affairs at George Mason University, is an The European Mind in American Policy and and Mysticism and Kingship in China. expert on the governments and social pol- Fourth Discontinuity: The Co-Evolution of Sara Castro-Klaren founded the Latin icies of Western European nations and the Humans and Machines. American Studies Program at Johns Hop- United States and has received major book Walter McDougall, Alloy-Ansin Pro- kins University. In 2000 she was named to awards for Comparative Public Policy and fessor of International Relations at the Uni- the J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholar- Modern Politics in Britain and Sweden. As versity of Pennsylvania, has written exten- ship Board and previously served for two chair of a Ford Foundation committee that sively on the history of technology. He years as chief of the Hispanic Division at the published The Common Good: Social Welfare received a Pulitzer Prize in 1986 for Heavens Library of Congress. Among her major writ- and the American Future, Professor Heclo and Earth: A Political History of the Space Age. ten works are Understanding Mario Vargas examined the changing expectations of He has also written Let the Sea Make a Noise: Llosa and Women's Writing in Latin America. democracy and government. continued on page 239

OCTOBER 2001 217 ' 342 Rebecca D'Angelo Rebecca D'Angelo Rebecca D'Angelo On an beauf ful day in September, first lady Laura Bush and Dr. Billington opened the National Book Festival on the grounds of the Capitol and the Library of Congress. 'The Joy of the Written Word' Library and First Lady Host First National Book Festival By GAIL FINEBERG first professional librarian ever to livenation, and tellers of tales. They came uthors by the dozens and readersin the White House." early (two took their seats at 8 a.m. to Aby the thousands answered first "She is energizing an ever-wideningwait for mystery writer Sue Grafton to lady Laura Bush'scallto "comecircle with her passion for the cause ofbegin speaking at 10 a.m.) and stayed together to revel in the joy of the writtenbooks and libraries and reading," Dr.late (historian Doris Kearns Goodwin word," at the first National Book Fes-Billington said. was still signing books on the Jefferson tival, celebrated on Sept. 8 in Library Outlining the day's events and thank-Building lawn at 5:45 p.m.). buildings and on the east lawn of theing participating authors, event under- Young families came in droves. Center Capitol. writers and the "armies of volunteers for the Book Director John Cole counted Sixty nationally known authors par-and staff who made this day possible,"30 baby strollers parked outside the ticipated in the festival that she hostedMrs. Bush welcomed the crowd. "We'reMumford Room, where Steven Kellogg and the Library sponsored. The Libraryall in for a treat at this festival," she said. and Marc Brown were telling stories estimated that 25,000 to 30,000 readers Fans of all ages took every seat andand demonstrating their art of writing joined in the festivities. stood four or five deep beneath the bigand illustrating children's books. Moms Against a backdrop of balloons, ban-white tents on the Capitol grounds toand dads read to their children wher- ners and blue sky, the Librarian andhear their favorite recorders of history Mrs. Bush opened the festival at 9:30and commentators on current events, a.m. To an audience of cheering librar-spinners of mystery and weavers of ians, he introduced Mrs. Bush as "thesuspense, writers of fiction and imagi-

Rebecca LYAngelo As a backdrop to the presentations by authors and storytellers, musical groups performed on the Library's Neptune Plaza; Clifford the Big Red Dog was one of the visitors from the world of children's literature. Yusef El-Amin

218 INFORMATION BULLETIN 111'01-m1111g ...... 1 1 LA .. 1111

Rebecca D'Angelo

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Rebecca D'Angelo Rebecca DAngelo Visitors crowded the Jefferson's Building's Great Hall as well as its front staircase to enjoy the festivities; books (and sales) were much in evidence; a young visitor gets her name written in calligraphy; Mrs. Bush mingles with festivalgoers. ever they were waiting patiently in Great Hall mezzanine lines, some- times for an hour or longer, to get books signed. Outside, on the Capitol grounds, kids stared in disbelief or squealed with delight upon chance encounters with Arthur, Clifford the Big Red Dog and other familiar char- acters that had materialized from their world of fiction. Reading in the Children & Young Adults Pavilion, members of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Women's National Basket- ball Association (WNBA) turned out in force to communicate their Rebecca D'Angelo "Read to Achieve message: "Reading is fun and books are cool too/ I will read a book daily to learn something new." Said Michael Curry, a player for the Detroit Pistons and president of the NBA Players Association: "We're here to launch our Read to Achieve program and to show you the importance of education; even profes- sional basketball players can't have a career without an education." Los Angeles Sparks forward Delisha Milton, an Olympic gold medal- ist in 2000 and WNBA All-star in 2001, said the Dr. Seuss books taught her at an early age "that life is not smooth; it has its ups and downs." Theo Ratcliff, who majored in communications at the University of Wyoming before joining the Atlantic Hawks, said the Autobiography of Malcom X was his favorite book as a student. "One book can change your perspective," he said. "I have kids of my own, and I know they look up to basketball stars, so we should set an example." The Catcher in the Rye hooked Pat Garrity on reading. The Orlando Magic forward, who studied biochemistry at the University of Notre Rebecca D'Angelo

OCTOBER 2001 219 -

Ytiv

Dame, said the book should be "required reading for every boy between the ages of 10 and 18. In the Storytelling Pavil- ion, crowds gathered throughout the day to hear stories and music from the people of the Appalachian Mountains, the Deep South, theSouthCarolinaSea Islands and the Caribbean. They sawaTaiwanese puppet show, listened to Native American tales from New York State and saw Christina Tyler Wenks Rebecca D'Angelo East Indian stories expressedJohn Hope Franklin and his son, John Whittington Franklin, signed posters and through dance. Americanbooks for readers and fans; Poet Laureate Billy Collins read from his work. FolklifeCenterDirector Peggy Bulger's interviews of two Navajo Code Talkers brought people in the audience to tears. In the Mystery & Suspense Pavil- ion, Walter Mosley, author of the Easy Rawlins mystery series (Devil in a Blue Dress, A Red Death, White Butterfly, Black Betty and A Little Yellow Dog) kept his fans laughing as he discussed his trade. "Writers only do part of the work," he said. "Readers do the rest. They fill in the details from their own memory." For example, he said, a reader once asked him, "'How do you remember all those details from the '50s? How do Gail Frneberg Gail Fineberg Rebecca D Angelo you remember drinking a Crown colaThe day was filled with presentations by authors, including Jan Karon in the and looking down that girl's dress?' Fiction and Imagination Pavilion; David Levering Lewis in the Montpelier Those weren't my details; those wereRoom; and Scott Turow in the Mystery and Suspense Pavilion. the reader's." Scott Turow, who began writing asis as familiar as their own kitchens. a teenager and taught creative writing"What would I do without you?" at Stanford University before enteringshe told them. Harvard Law School, brings the point She provided answers to ques- of view of both defense lawyer andtions she said many of her readers prosecutor to his novels, which includeask about her characters. "People Personal Injuries, Burden of Proof, Pre-ask, 'Where do you get your char- sumed Innocent and Pleading Guilty.acters?' The truth is, they get me." "For the past 10 years, my focus hasOne of her favorites was Miss Sadie. been on capital punishment, and I"People ask, 'If you loved her so bring that perspective to my charac-much, why did you let her die?' ters," he said, before reading a chapterWell, that's life, and it was time for from a yet-unpublished manuscript. "Iher to die." think I understand and feel deeply the "Is Mitford real?" she asked. arguments on both sides." "Yes!" her audience shouted in Facing a tent full of people inunison. "Of course it is," she said. the Fiction & Imagination Pavilion, "It is all around you, if you just keep North Carolina author Jan Karonyour hearts open." dabbed at her eyes. "What a warm A recipe for marmalade cake, reception. I'm trying to keep tearswhich figures prominently in her from messing up my mascara," shestories, is real, too, she said, offer- said. "Are all of you, or most of you,ing a Web address before she actually Mitford fans?" began reading from A Common Christina Tyler Wenks "Yes!" screamed hundreds of read-Life, which she described as "aDavid McCullough autographed his ers for whom Karon's mythical Mitfordbook about joy." latest work, John Adams. 220 Pt3. INFORMATION BULLETIN a

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Rebecca D'Angelo Rebecca D'Mgelo Gail Ftneberg Ord, the blue dragon from the PBS series Dragon Tales, meets a fan on the Capitol lawn; Navajo Code Talkers, World War II veterans instrumental in cracking enemy coded transmissions, were interviewed in the Storytelling Pavilion; National Basketball Association player Dikembe Mutombo was a popular attraction in the Children and Young Adults Pavilion. Readers with no less enthusiasmstory of their progenitor Buck Colbert Othervisitorshadtheir names for history and biography lined up inFranklin. written in calligraphy in three Area the corridor on the sixth floor of the Mr. Cole, who was in charge of theStudies reading rooms, which also dis- Madison Building to gain Montpe-festival's author program, said partic-played award-winning books; toured lier Room entrance to hear Pulitzeripating authors were pleased. "Many the Main Reading Room; and discovered winners David McCullough, whosesaid they would love to return in future that digital technology can make learn- popular works include John Adams,years," he said. ing fun (www.americaslibrary.gov), Truman and Mornings on Horseback; Not only did visitors wait in line to in the National Digital Library Learn- Doris Kearns Goodwin, whose re-hear these speakers, but they filled the ing Center. search produced, among others, NoCoolidge Auditorium to overflowing to C-SPAN 2 filmed many festival events Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanorhear and see their favorite authors inand broadcast an eight-hour National Roosevelt , The Fitzgeralds and the Kenne- three programs: "Children's Books, Lit- Book Festival special on Sunday, Sept. dys and Lyndon Johnson and the Amer-eracy and Libraries: A Conversation";9, plus three hours of additional author ican Dream; David Levering Lewis, "Mystery &Suspense: Where the Bodies presentations the following weekend. whose exhaustive work about W.E.B.Are Buried"; and "Poetry: Hear Our Throughout, staff volunteers, orga- Du Bois won the biography PulitzerVoices." They attended a Conservation nized by the Library's Visitor Ser- for each of its two volumes; andClinic held all day in the Whittall Pavil- vices Office, answered thousands of A. Scott Berg, whose Lindbergh wonion, asked questions about copyrights,questions, directed traffic and solved the biography Pulitzer in 1999. Johnsaw demonstrations by the Nationalproblems. Hope Franklin, author of more thanLibrary Service for the Blind and Physi- 20 histcry books, and his son, John cally I-landicappecl and a Le and lisiened ivis. Fineberg is editor ofThe Gazette,the Whittington Franklin, retold the lifeto music on Library plazas. Library's staff newspaper.

Rebecca D'Angelo Rebecca D'Angelo The beautiful weather, packed program of presentations and casual atmosphere contributed to the success of the National Book Festivalalthough the day proved to be exhausting for some. OCTOBER 2001 31g 221 s o

A Gala Evening in the Thomas Jefferson Building A gala was held the evening of Sept. 7 to celebrate the National A..Book Festival and to honor its participants. President and Mrs. Bush and Dr. and Mrs. Billington hosted such luminaries as (middle row) authors Gail Godwin, J. California Cooper and Tom Brokaw; the president (bottom row) signs the Library's guest book; Deputy Librarian Donald Scott chats with Women's National Basketball Association star Lisa Leslie; and the U.S. Army Strolling Strings provided music in the Great Hall. All photos by Rebecca D'Angelo

Conservation Corner Conservation Clinic at National Book Festival A s part of the National Book Festi-as gold tooling on leather, photographis responsible for preserving rare the Library held a Conserva-repair and sewing a book. Examplesand valuable materials in all of the tion Clinic to provide advice and infor- of protective enclosures for books andLibrary's custodial divisions. The divi- mation to library visitors on how bestphotographs were on display. Informa-sion is staffed by more than 25 profes- to care for their books, scrapbooks,tional pamphlets about the Library'ssionals who specialize in book, pho- albums, photographs and prints. Thepreservation and conservation pro-tograph and paper conservation. The Conservation Clinic continues the edu-gram and how to obtain conservationConservation Clinic was an excellent cational efforts of the Preservation services were also available. opportunity for these experts to share Awareness Workshops that have been The Library of Congress has thetheir knowledge and provide visitors conducted at the Library for the pastmost extensive preservation programto the National Book Festival with five years. in the world. Each year the Library'spractical advice on how best to pre- Throughout the day, conservatorspreservation staff provides conser-serve their family treasures. from the Library were on hand tovation treatment to approximately For additional information on the evaluate items and provide conserva-500,000 items from a collection thatactivities of the Library's Preservation tion advice. Conservators also demon- totals more than 121 million items.Office, visit the Library's Web site at strated conservation techniques, such The Library's Conservation Divisionwww.loc.gov/preserv.

222 INFORMATION BULLETIN t#: n Back to School Book Festival Event Celebrates Reading, Literacy

BY GUY LAMOLINARA Qn Friday morning, Sept. 7, the Library's Great Hall became a temporary reading room as events sur- rounding the National Book Festival began with a Back-to-School hour with Dr. Billington, first lady Laura Bush and basketball stars Lisa Leslie of the Los Angeles Sparks and Grant Hill of the Orlando Magic. At 8:15, about 20 fourth-graders from the Abingdon School in Arlington, Va., sat on a rug on the floor as Dr. Billington showed them "how our newest Web site, americaslibrary.gov, can ... spark your interest in new topics and new books." He then led them on a journey to "Meet Amazing Americans," in partic- Jim Higgins ular, Abraham Lincoln. Dr. Billington Dr. Billington introduces the students to the America's Library Web site, showed them an image of the contentsas Mrs. Bush, Grant Hill and Lisa Leslie listen during the Sept. 7 event. of the 16th president's pockets on the night of his assassination on April 14,ball season, who threw the first ball?" The children listened intently as Mrs. 1865, and asked them to speculate as to The kids knew the answer: "WoodrowBush told of the adventures of Mary why the only money Lincoln had in hisWilson," they shouted out. Alice and the year she spent in a small wallet was a $5 Confederate note. "That's right! said Dr. Billington.town away from her native Chicago. Then the Librarian asked the kids"You've scored a single." The book won the 2001 Newbery Medal to "Jump Back in Time" to Nov. 19, He then told them about the game'sfor the most distinguished contribution 1863, the day Lincoln delivered "the origins as an activity called "rounders"to American literature for children. most famous speech in our nation's in England, and noted that the Web site's Then Ms. Leslie and Mr. Hill read historythe Gettysburg Address." reading list of "Good Books About Base-from The Journal of Joshua Loper: A After playing a selection from theball" would lead them to "dig deeper" Black Cowboy, by Walter Dean Myers. "Jammin' Jukebox," Dr. Billingtoninto what they had learned. The book is the story of a boy who played one of the site's new games, The Librarian concluded by urgingjoins a cattle drive. He faces the dif- "Play Ball." The "pitcher" blew a giantthe students to use the site to "have funficulties of controlling a stampede as bubble, wound up and threw a fast-with history and learn more about ourwell as dealing with the racial preju- ball that asks the question.. "On open- e01 n try." r1 -c. r.fh;c. frail1-srscc. ing day of the 1916 Major League Base- He thenturned the program over Copies of the books, signed by Mrs. to Mrs. Bush, who wasBush and Ms. Leslie and Mr. Hill, were seated to his left. Referringgiven to each student, as well as a back- to her as a "book lover,"pack full of school supplies provided by he reminded the audienceAT&T, one of the Book Festival's charter that Mrs. Bush had startedsponsors. the Texas Book Festival Mrs. Bush told the students how "and will tomorrow openimportant it is to go to college, "and the thefirstever Nationalbest way to get there is to read a lot of Book Festival." books." Mrs. Bush read from Dr. Billington concluded by sending Richard Peck's A Year Down them off with what he hoped would Yonder, a book about "anbe "a renewed appreciation of books exciting summer a youngand learning and the potential of the teenager spends at herInternet to lead you to ever-greater grandmother's house." achievement." The Librarian and Mrs. Bush with some of the students from Abingdon School in Arlington, Va.

OCTOBER 2001 347 223 o , a o X.0 o -...4 . More Fun for Families New Games, Resources Added to Kids' Web Site

Many new interactive featuresasks "On Opening Day of the 1916 Nets c ape: JukeBox a have recently been added to theMajor League Baseball season, who highly successful America's Librarythrew the first ball?" President Wood- America' Composer John PhiEp Sousa Web site for kids and families atrow Wilson made that historic pitch. composed 136 cream mosches. haludIng this one."The Stan end www.americaslibrary.gov. See, Hear & Sing's "Jammin' Snipes Tomo, Mardi. America's Library was designed spe- Jukebox" (right) lets users hear such 1 r cifically for kids and families to pro-popular tunes of the past as "Over Oyer There vide a fun, yet educational, experience. There." While listening, they will learn [hey Murray Imitations of Animals The site draws on the incomparablethat the composer, George M. Cohan, Donald Leach American historical collections of thealso wrote the patriotic "I'm a Yankee Lr Recolactions of 1861-6.5 Library of Congress, and it has han-Doodle Dandy" and "You're a Grand Edna White dled more than 100 million transac-Old Flag." The John Phi p Scasa's Abe Debt. Honeymoon "The Stars and Stripes Forever tions since its debut in April 2000. Reading lists of related books encour- Calns A Haden Mena? The Stars end Stripes KelonnA by The site is in five sections, and eachage children to read more about forever March the tmeental Manntb3 itmct ,Irnporial Marimba Eland 1911) has the following new features: what they have learned. The lists laTITQIntbz Meet Amazing were complied by Americans now the Center for theAwards. To date, the site has received features presidential Book (www.loc.gov/an estimated $61 million in free adver- "Scavenger Hunt" cfbook) in the tising support on television, radio, and and "Dynamite Pres- Library of Congress. the Internet. idents" games that ; The center's current The Advertising Council is a pri- Abraham Lincoln's face appears on which coin and encourage users to send. bill we use today/ reading promotionvate, nonprofit organization that has 0 nanny andSS explore the Web site aWieland SCO campaign is "Tellingbeen the leading producer of public while learning about aSarno and SI America's Stories." service communications programs in America's presidents. 0 Owner and 510 America's Library the United States since 1942. The Coun- Players of "Dynamite is a project of thecil supports campaigns that benefit Presidents" (above) will learn that Public Affairs Office and National Dig-children, families and communities. Ad Thomas Jefferson is famous not only for ital Library Program of the LibraryCouncil campaigns, such as "Friends writing the Declaration of Independence of Congress. The site draws upon theDon't Let Friends Drive Drunk," "Take but also for selling his personal Libraryflagship American Memory collectionsa Bite Out of Crime," and "A Mind Is a to the Library of Congress. (www.loc.gov) that offer more than 7Terrible Thing to Waste," have helped Jump Back in Time asks users tomillion important historical items, into educate the public about issues and try to become a "Super Sleuth" as theycollaboration with other institutions. concerns of the day. try to identify "what's wrong with this America's Library marks the first DDB Chicago is the largest of the picture." For example, at first glancetime in its history that the Library ofDDB agencies worldwide, with more nothing seems wrong with a photoCongress has created a public servicethan 750 employees and 1999 billings of Calvin Coolidgeuntil one noticesadvertising campaign in partnershipof $1.2 billion. Clients of the agency that he is holding a cell phone. with the Advertising Council. Thisinclude Anheuser-Busch, Energizer, Explore the States' "Treasurecampaign"There Is a Better Way toFTD, GeneralMills,Lands'End, Hunt" offers little-known facts aboutHave Fun with History... Log On.McDonald's, Sara Lee, State Farm and the states and the District of Colum-Play Around. Learn Something"wasU S West Communications. bia. Even more can be learned aboutcreated through the Advertising Coun- America's Library was designed by the states by reading the more than 260cil, with creative services donated by415 Productions Inc. of San Francisco. new stories that have been added.DDB Chicago. The spots were dis-415 Inc. is a full-service Web devel- The stories, called Local Legacies,tributed to 3,200 television stations opment firm providing custom online reflect the unique andmorethansolutions that combine integrated strat- cultural traditions 6,000 radio stations egy, cutting-edge technology, creative of the nation. nationwide. DDBdesign and innovative user experi- Join Amer- recently won theences. From Fortune 500 enterprises to ica at Play wants silver in the Non-internationally recognized arts orga- to "play ball" in Profit /Pro Bono /nizations and upstart dot-corns, 415's I lit the ,43 the"Batter Up" lo PI Tt I Public Service cat-clients includeHewlett-Packard, game (right). The SC00000.13 egory of the NewMcGraw-Hill, Macromedia,Credit "pitcher" blows a 0 a o York American ILD i,yy Suisse, the Library of Congress, 3Com, bubble gum bal- p STRIKES 2 OUTS Marketing Associ-Fairmont Hotels, Hasbro, Intel, Lego loon, winds up and ation's 2001 EFFIEand Providian Financial.

224 INFORMATION BULLETIN IFLA 2001 Boston Librarian Signs Agreement with Russian Organization

BY CHARLYNN SPENCER PYNE the Congressional Research Ser- ibrarian of Congress James vice (CRS); Jill D. Brett, public LH. Billington was a guest lec- affairs officer; Diane Kresh, direc- turer at the first Council and tor of Public Service Collections; General Conference of the Inter- Donna Scheeder, deputy assis- national Federation of Library tant director of the CRS Informa- Associations andInstitutions tion Research Division; John Y. (IFLA) to be held in the United Cole, director of the Center for States in 16 years. IFLA last met the Book; John Celli, chief of the in the United States in 1985, in Cataloging in Publications Divi- Chicago. sion; John Hébert, chief of the During the conference, held in Geography and Map Division; Boston, the Librarian also signed John Byrum, chief of the Regional an agreement between the Library andCooperativeCataloging and the Open Society Institute Charlynn Spencer Pyne Division; Barbara Tillett, chief of (OSI)-Russia, a Russian branch ofAssociate Librarian for Library Services Winstonthe Cataloging Policy and Sup- the Soros Foundation, to facili-Tabb watches Librarian of Congress Jamesport Office; Sally McCallum, chief tate cooperation in various areasBillington and Open Society Institute-Russiaof the Network Development and between the Library and OSI. HeDirector Yekaterina Genieva sign an agreementMARC Standards Office; Joan also led a delegation of Libraryrelating to the Meeting of Frontiers program. Mitchell, editor-in-chief of the staff members who served as fac- Decimal Classification Division ulty at IFLA satellite workshops, man-the Leadership Role of the Librarian in (OCLC, Forest Press); Helena Zinkham, aged the Library's booth on the IFLAthe Knowledge Age," "Managing Infor-head of the Technical Services Section conference exhibit floor and representedmation and Technology in the Knowl- in the Prints and Photographs Division; the institution at dozens of IFLA section edge Age," "Developing InformationJudith Reid, head of the Genealogy and and committee meetings. Policies for the Knowledge Age" andLocal History Section in the Humani- IFLA is the leading international "Forging Collaborative Partnerships." ties and Social Sciences Division; and body that represents the interests of Said Associate Librarian for LibraryRebecca Guenther, senior specialist in library and information services andServices Winston Tabb, who chaired the Network Development and MARC their users. The 67th Council and Gen-the IFLA Standing Committee onStandards Office. Cassy Ammen, refer- eral Conference of IFLA convened thisNationalLibrariesthroughtheence specialist in the Humanities and summer was the largest in history, with 1997-2001 conferences and is the newSocial Sciences Division, and Allene more than 5,500 registrants (the usualchair of the Professional Committee Hayes, team leader for Computer Files number of participants is 2,500) from (see related story, page 226): "Because and Microforms in the Special Mate- 150 countries. the IFLA conference was held nearby, rials Cataloging Division, gave IFLA Founded in 1927 in Edinburgh, Scot-and because the 2001 ALA Midwinter "poster sessions" on the Library's land, IFLA was registered in the Neth-Mpptin0' \Ar5}lore_inWA chi n cri-rm Web project- N,IINEFNA: 1`.1apping thc erlands in 1971, and is headquartered athad the resources on this unique occa- Internet Electronic Resources Virtual the Royal Library (the national librarysion to take to Boston an unusuallyArchive at www.loc.gov/minerva. of the Netherlands) in The Hague.large group that included our IFLA At the opening general session, IFLA IFLA is an independent, nongovern-members on the IFLA standing com-President Christine Deschamps said, mental, nonprofit organization com-mitteesJohn Byrum, Nancy Daven- "Dr. Melvil Dewey, nous voilà [here we prising more than 1,775 members fromport, Mark Dimunation, Wells J. (Brad) are" and noted the appropriateness of more than 150 nations. Voting mem-Kormann, Diane Kresh, Sally McCal-IFLA convening in Massachusetts, the bers of IFLA are association memberslum, Mark Roosa, Donna Scheeder,state in which library pioneer Melvil (such as the American Library Associa-Barbara Tillett, Beacher Wiggins, Chris Dewey developed the Dewey Decimal tion and Special Library Association)Wright, John Y. Cole and Peter YoungClassification system while serving as or institutional members (for exam-as well as staff to work in our exhibit librarian at Amherst College. Educator ple, the Library of Congress and Yalebooth and make our very popularand author Jonathan Kozol delivered University Library). Individuals mayin-booth presentations. More than the keynote address. join as personal affiliates, and IFLA hasa few delegates commented to me Delivering one of four guest lec- more than 30 corporate partners whoon the Library's impressive showing tures at the IFLA conference, Dr. Bill- provide financial and in-kind support.and our knowledgeable and profes-ington' s Aug. 21 lecture was warmly The theme of the 2001 IFLA con-sional staff." received by the standing-room-only ference was "Libraries and Librarians: Library speakers at IFLA included,audience in the ballroom of the Hynes Making a Difference in the Knowledgein addition to Dr. Billington and Mr.Convention Center (see excerpts from Age." Subthemes included "AdvancingTabb, Daniel P. Mulhollan, director of continued on page 232

OCTOBER 2001 225 .1 ea Ss Service and Support Library Staff Elected to IFLA Positions

By CHARLYNN SPENCER PYNE A ssociate Librarian for Library Ser- A..vices Winston Tabb was elected chairman of the IFLA Professional Committee at the 67th Council and General Conference of the Interna- tional Federation of Library Associa- tions and Institutions (IFLA), held in Boston from Aug. 16 to 25. In this office, Mr. Tabb also serves on the IRA Governing Board and its six-member Executive Committee. Under a new governance structure that took effect at the close of the Boston conference, the nine-member Charlynn Spencer Pyne Professional Committee directs and Nancy Davenport, Barbara Tillett, Winston Tabb and Sally McCallum monitors the planning and program- ming of IFLA's professional activities,nized authority on MARC (machine-tion on Acquisitions and Collection which are carried out through fivereadable cataloging), Ms. McCallumDevelopment and has attended the Core Programs, eight divisions, 33attended IFLA meetings during theannual conferences since 1998. Before sections, 12 roundtables and numer-1980s to give presentations, but firsther recent election as chair of the Sec- ous discussion groups. The 21-mem-attended as a delegate in 1989 intion on Acquisitions and Collection ber Governing Board is responsibleParis. Since that time she has con-Development, she moderated several for the organization's general poli-tinued to serve on the Technologylarge programs and served as coor- cies, management, finance and exter- Standing Committee and has chaireddinating indexer of a section publi- nal communications. The board isthe committee for a number of years. cation on acquisitions and collections managed by a six-member IFLA Exec- Ms. McCallum also chaired the Divi-development. utive Committee that includes IFLA'ssion Six (Management and Technol- Barbara Tillett, chief of the Cat- president, president-elect, treasurerogy) Coordinating Board and hasaloging Policy and Support Office, and the chairman of its Professionalserved in numerous working groupsfirst attended IFLA in 1987, in Brigh- Committee. and committees concerned with for-ton, England, where she spoke on Mr. Tabb was chief of the Library'smats, authority files and digitalbibliographic relationships. She also Loan Division when he first attendedtopics. For the last two conferences,spoke to the Section on Cataloging at an IFLA conference in Paris in 1989. she has convened a popular discus- the Paris meeting in 1989. From 1992 During that conference, he was electedsion group on , an encodingto 1997, Ms. Tillett served as a con- secretary of the Standing Committeestandard that enables computers tosultant to the IFLA Study Group on Document Delivery and Inter lend-store, exchange and display charac-on the Functional Requirements for ing. Since that time, he has continuedters in every script, including punc-Bibliographic Records and helped to play an active and critical role in thetuation and typographic symbols.write the final report. She became the development and leadership of IFLA. Ms. McCallum served on the IFLAALA /ALCTS representative to the Most recently, Mr. Tabb chaired theProfessional Board for six years,IFLA Standing Committee Section section on National Libraries andchairing it the last two, and on theon Cataloging in 1994 and will com- the IFLA division that includes allExecutive Committee, for which sheplete her second term in 2003. At the national, parliamentary, universityplayed a formative role in revisingBoston conference, Ms. Tillett was and general research libraries. He isthe IFLA statutes. reelected chair of the Section on Cat- also the Library of Congress represen- Nancy Davenport, the Library'saloging and elected secretary to the tative to the Conference of Directors ofdirector forAcquisitions,first Division IV (Bibliographic Control) National Libraries held in conjunctionattended IFLA in 1993 in Barcelona,Coordinating Board. She has also with the IFLA conference. Spain. At that time she was servingserved on and chaired numerous Another key player in IFLA is Sallyin the Congressional Research Serviceworkinggroupsanddelivered McCallum, chief of the Networkand delivered a paper to the Parlia-papers on a host of topics. Development and MARC Standardsmentary Libraries Section. Appointed Office, who is one of only 10 mem-director for Acquisitions in December Ms. Pyne is a network specialist in bers elected to the IFLA Governing1997, Ms. Davenport was selected by the Network Development and MARC Board. An internationally recog-the Library to serve on IFLA's Sec- Standards Office.

226 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

Humanizing the Information Revolution James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress

Following is an excerpt of a speech special collections free of charge delivered Aug. 21 by the Librarian of to libraries everywhere. Congress at the 67th International We used part of the private Federation of Library Associations money that largely funded this and Institutions Council and Gen- -":".%' A,\\ program to subsidize adding eral Conference in Boston. unique American historical mate- rials from 37 other institutions, ././ The basic challenge now libraries and repositories from 1 facing American librar- all over America to this Ameri- ies and American society more can Memory Web site. We were generallytodayis whether trying to bring one-of-a-kind pri- adding electronics means sub- mary materials of broad interest tracting books, and losing in the and importance from special col- process the values of the book lections, which only a few had culture that made democracy had access to and only in a spe- and the responsible use of free- cial place, out to a broader audi- dom possible in the first place. ence but at the same time into We are, in short, faced with the the world of books, since Ameri- greatest upheaval in the trans- San, Kittner can Memory was designed as an mission of knowledge since the inven-historic functions of acquiring, preserv-archival transfer and bridge to other tion of the printing press: the electronicing, processing and making accessible libraries. We are trying to help bridge onslaught of multimedia, digital com-materials in the new digital age. the resource gap between major reposi- munication. It bypasses the traditional The Library of Congress assumedtories and local libraries; to blend limits of time and space and raises the the broad functions of a true nationalold material into the new technology; haunting question of whether librar-library in the late 19th and early 20thand to provide memory for an inher- iesthose historic houses of refuge forcentury, when it acquired the mintently ephemeral medium that is for- reading, those temples of pluralismrecord of American creativity throughever updating information and erasing and seed beds of humanismcan con-copyright deposit, gathered in mostprevious drafts. tinue to serve as hospitals for the soulpapers of presidents up to Hoover, col- What was new for the Library of Con- in a medium that so far basically mar-lected unparalleled records of Nativegress was the assumption of a broad kets commodities for the body. and African American culture, assumed and nationwide educational function To use the language of cyberspeak:most of the burden of cataloging forin an institution previously focused on Is this post-Gutenberg world that isthe library system as a whole, and pro-serving Congress, the government, the becoming hominized (that is to sayduced free materials nationwide forscholarly community and the broader brought under the control of an indi-the blind and physically handicapped. public mainly as a library of last resort. vidual with a keyboard and screen) also The basic direction of where to go Americanlibrarieshave always becoming dehumanized (no longerbeyond electronic catalothne in produc-sprvodAS incAl rentrarc nf lifolnng lool- serving worthy human ends)? Is com-ing services for the digital age for theing.So a more active role for the national munication replacing community? AreLibrary of Congress emerged from alibrary was fully in keeping with the the new digital enhancements deepen-series of 12 forums that we coordinatedgrowing bipartisan recognition in politi- ing social inequality by disproportion-with thousands of librarians all overcal Washington that better education is ately favoring those who already havethe country in 1988. From these came essential for dealing with almost all our money and education to use them?the idea for the American Memory pilotnational and international problems. By And above all, is virtual reality displac-project with CD ROMS in 44 schoolsraising large amounts of private, phil- ing real virtue? and libraries across the country in theanthropic money for the first time in the Public libraries, by their nature, haveearly 1990s. Then, of course, came theLibrary's history, we were able to sus- constructive answers to all these ques-explosion of the Internet, and American tain the historical American library tra- tions; and American libraries haveMemory was amplified in the late 1990sdition of providing to the public even already prepared themselves by bring-into a National Digital Library Program,this expensive new type of material free ing the new electronics more seam-which, by the end of 2000, ... had put 7of charge. lessly and systematically into their tra-million items of American history and As technological change accelerated ditional services than have many otherculture online [www.loc.gov]. Just asand the educational crisis deepened in public institutions. the Library had traditionally lent otherthe 1990s, it has become clear that there Let me briefly describe how the LibraryAmerican libraries books through inter-are three separate, sequential needs, of Congress has been working for morelibrary loans free of charge, we wereeach of which has to be met if Ameri- than a decade now to help meet thesenow providing digitized versions of ourcan libraries are to sustain their historic challenges and perform its traditionalmassiveand often one-of-a-kind continued on page 240 OCTOBER 2001 35,g 227 All photo by Charlynn Spencer Pyne Remembering Vintage Years Historian Franklin Discusses Life and Career

By CHARLYNN SPENCER PYNE Mr. Franklin received his A.B. fromhis admission to Harvard. The son of n the evening of July 11, historianFisk University (1935), his M.A. (1936) an Oklahoma lawyer and Mississippi QJohn Hope Franklin spoke to anand Ph.D. (1941) from Harvard Univer-schoolteacher, he recalled learning to audience of more than 300 Library sity. He has taught at Fisk (1935-36), St. read and write at the age of 3 as he staffers, historians, professors, teach-Augustine's College (1939-43), Northsat quietly in the back of his mother's ers, students, community activists,Carolina College (now North Carolinaclassroom; his father's move to Tulsa, and othersgenerations of whom hadCentral University, 1943-47), HowardOkla., in 1921, the year of the infa- used From Slavery to Freedom (first pub- University (1947-56), Brooklyn College mous race riot that delayed the fami- lished in 1947 and now in its eighth(1956-64), the University of Chicagoly's move for another four years; his edition)to study, teach and research(1964-) and (1982-)years at Fisk in Nashville, where he the history of African Americans. where he presently serves as James B.first experienced "crude, raw racism," The crowd in the Coolidge Audito-Duke Professor of History Emeritus; hemet Aurelia Whittingtonwith whom rium of the Thomas Jefferson Buildingis also professor emeritus at the Uni-he would enjoy 67 years of courtship had gathered to hear the distinguishedversity of Chicago. and marriage until her death in historian in a long-anticipated discus- ProfessorFranklinthankedthe1999and where in 1934 teenager sion of his own life that began 86 yearsLibrary of Congress for selecting himCordie Cheeks was dragged from a ago in the all-black town of Renties-as the first Kluge Scholar and notedFisk-owned house and lynched after ville, Okla. Mr. Franklin also provided that before assuming residency in thea grand jury refused to indict him for an update on his tenure as the Library'sKluge Center, he had "been stuck inthe rape of a white girl. As president first John W. Kluge Distinguished Vis-high school" in the writing of his auto- of the student government, Mr. Frank- iting Scholar, during which he hasbiography. He said, "Some folks sug-lin was thwarted by the president of focused on writing his autobiography.gested that I just take the GED andFisk in the student body's efforts to Dr. Billington, in his introductorymove on! But now I have graduatedpetition President Franklin D. Roos- remarks, said that Professor Franklinfrom Fisk, received my Ph.D. from Har-evelt, who visited the campus shortly has received "almost every prestigiousvard, and arrived at my third teachingthereafter. honor possible for a historian," includ-job at the capstone on the hillHow- Professor Franklin, who will return ing the Presidential Medal of Freedomard University." He also noted his longto the Kluge Center in the fall to con- (1995) and 130 honorary degrees from and close relationship with the Librarytinue work on his autobiography, dis- accredited universities. He also notedthat began 62 years ago, in 1939, whencussed further his relationship with the that Professor Franklin has written 12he was a graduate student. Library and related topics in a July 24 books and edited nine; his most recent Professor Franklin then read frominterview with this writer. (An audio- is the autobiography of his late father, the first chapter of his autobiography,tape of the interview will soon be My Life and an Era: The Autobiography tentatively titled Vintage Years. Theavailable to researchers in the Motion of Buck Colbert Franklin (Baton Rouge, first chapter covers the first 21 years ofPicture, Broadcasting and Recorded 1997), co-edited with his son, Johnhis life, from his birth on Jan. 2, 1915,Sound Division reference collection.) Whittington Franklin. through his graduation from Fisk andHighlights from that interview follow:

228 :f INFORMATION BULLETIN 352 You first used the Library of I was and so she said, 'Why don'tAnd so the historians from Mary- Congress in 1939...? you just go to the Library of Congress,land, Georgetown, George Washing- Yes, I was a graduate student [at Har-where you can do your work prop-ton, and so forth, we exchanged vard]. I had taken my residencies anderly?' And I said, 'I'm sorry, but I don'tvisits, our wives met each other, and I was at the dissertation stage. I wasknow how we can afford it.' And shewe did have normal, collegial rela- writing a iliccorfafinn ranc.-ee megroessaid, '...rm working, A c long aq tirInchipc. in North Carolina, 1790 to 1860. And so working I will send you what you need I came here to do some work. Readingto stay in Washington.' You said (on July 11) that you could primarily all of the secondary works And so I came to Washington in only eat (with a white colleague) at that I could find; and some newspa-August 1946. And I lived in Carver Union Station. Was that in racially pers, and some manuscript materialsHall on Elm Street, it's a Howard Uni- mixed company?There was no but not a great deal of that. That would versity dormitory. ... And I lived therecafeteria at the Library? wait until I. got to North Carolina. u-"! December 1946, coming to the There were just some snack bars, Library every day, six days a week,the Madison Building had not yet Did the (Library of Congress) reading by streetcar and/or bus. And that wasbeen built. By 1946 the Adams [Build- rooms practice segregation? when I really broke the back of Froming] was built, but the eating places at (President Woodrow Wilson Slavery to Freedom. the Library were just snack bars. ... (1913-19211 expanded segregation I had a study room by that time, andIf we wanted to get together for a in federal government buildings in I used it ... every day. Willard Webb,meal, we either went to the Supreme Washington, a policy that President who was head [chief] of the Stack andCourt restaurant or the restaurant William Howard Taft had begun. Reader Division, was very strict aboutin the [United] Methodist Building. In 1942 President Franklin D. the use of the study rooms. He wasThey both were excellent places. Roosevelt issued Executive Order very liberal about giving them out, butThere was no interracial eating on 8802 prohibiting racial discrimination very strict about their use. And if youPennsylvania Avenue, or Indepen- in government departments and didn't use your study room, he'd take itdence [Avenue], or any of these places defense industries and establishing away from you! He had a way of goingon Capitol Hillprivately owned the Fair Employment Practice around checking, 'calling the roll' wasplaces. The only place near Capitol Committee.) what he called it. Local professors ...Hill that you could eat if the Supreme No, no, I don't believe that therewould sign up for a study room andCourt and Methodist Building were was any segregation at the Library ofit would be convenient if they used it.closed [on the weekends] was Union Congress. But if they didn't, it would just be there.Station. You could always eat at And Webb considered that an abuse ofUnion Station. privilege and opportunity. What about the rest rooms and eating From Slavery to Freedom was facilities? Were there other African American published in 1947, and you came to No, not in the rest rooms, not any- scholars with a study room? Howard University in 1947? where. Oh, yes. Several professors at Yes, I came to Howard in September Howard University had study rooms. 1947. In your after-dinner remarks (on July I think of Abram Harris, the econo- 11) you said that when you signed the mist, who very often had a study room. Tell me about Howard, those were the contract with Albert Knopf to write And sometimes Rayford Logan had 'glory days'... From Slavery to Freedom you were a study room, and various people As I will say in my autobiography, living in North Carolina and your wife economists, historians, political scien-it was what we [African American suggested that you come here Ito the tists Lind ty-pes like ;:hat had s tud-y-sawiars] regarded as the final insti- Library] to work? rooms here. tution because that was as far as you Well it's very difficult to describe It was a marvelous opportunity tocould go ... And I was 32 when I was that miniature apartment in which wemeet people from other universities.appointed a full professor at Howard, lived. I can say this, that I didn't haveAll the other universities in the area,and I raised the question in my mind any work space; nor did I have anyin 1946, were segregated. There werethen: Am I ready to go to the last place work space at the college where I wasno blacks at George Washington Uni-that I can go to? And that was, liter- teaching [North Carolina College, nowversity or Georgetown University.ally, the last place that I could be cer- North Carolina Central University].No blacks at the University of Mary-tain that I could go to, since it was That was most unfortunate. No teach-land. So, one way that one couldunthinkable that there could be any ers had offices. ... I had my classroom,meet them [white professors] wasblack professors at any of the schools and I could work in there if anotherhere, at the Library. And in thatin the area, or even at Columbia, or class wasn't scheduled to use thatway we developed friendships, someat Yale, or at Harvard, or at Michigan room. And the library only had tablesvery close friendships that Istillor at, you name it.... Sothat you for the students in the reading rooms.have were developed during thatregarded yourself as having reached There were no carrels or study rooms atvery time. ...We would get togetheras far as you could go if you got to the college. So literally I had nowhere socially and visit each other's homes.Howard. to work except the table in the kitchenOne probably was not welcomed at Now I don't want to be unfair to in our apartment. So my wife, who was the other universities, but we wereany of the other exceptional and very herself a librarian, knew how painedwelcomed at these friends' homes.good African American universities, OCTOBER 2001 asn 229 historically black colleges and univer- What was it like being a black ment to be a part of the larger intellec- sities, as we call them. Fisk Univer-intellectual at that time?You'd gone tual community. I was publishing, not sity from which I graduated was an to white graduate schools, but you only had I published From Slavery to estimable university; and that cluster understand that you weren't going to Freedom but I had another book in of institutions in Atlanta, particularlybe 'good enough' to teach in these the works, and still another on the Atlanta University, Morehouse Col-schools? drawing board. I was really busy, but lege, Spellman Collegethey were Oh yes, it was quite clear that youfor what? You had to decide that you all good. Morgan State Universityweren't, we won't say good enough.were doing it for your own sanity and was very good. But none was a uni-They weren't broad enough. Theyyour own enlightenment, and to show versity in the sense that Howard waswere so prejudiced and so smittenthat you could be in with with a law school, school of archi-by the venom of racism that theyothers, although they wouldn't have tecture, school of dentistry, school ofweren't going to have you. It wasyou in the league. pharmacy, school of medicine, gradu-not that we felt inadequate. It was ate schoolthey didn't give the doc-not that we felt underprivileged in an How did you remain so committed to torate, but everything short of theintellectual sense. It was that we knewthe profession of being a historian? doctorate. where we could go and where weEarly in your career you turned down And publications like the Journal ofcouldn't. We knew that we couldn'ta deanship, and you continued to Negro Education. It was really a formi-get there, no way in the world. And turn down university presidencies dable institution of higher learning.so, there we were. and ambassadorships to remain, as And when you got here you were 'all Now a very important point, and you say; 'a student and teacher of dressed up with nowhere to go.' Andthis has to do with the Library of Con-history'What was the source of your as you've said, there was this verygress, is that if you're all dressed upinspiration? impressive concentration of blackand have no where to go, are you The source of my inspiration was scholars. There were some distin-going to stay dressed up? Are youtwofold. One was I did enjoy, I did guished white scholars too. I remem-going to stay prepared? Are you goinglove the work that I was doing. ber[Leon]Shereshefskyintheto continue to do research? Are youThe scholarship was just immensely chemistry department. ...But the con-going to continue to write and pub-rewarding and although it wouldn't centration of black scholars, E. Frank-lish? And if so, for what? For what rea-get me promoted out of Howard, that lin Frazier, Rayford Logan, Leo Hans-sons? It has to be only for personalwas all right. Secondly, it was to show, berry, Charles Eaton Burch, Sterlingaggrandizement, or personal taste,without any hope of reward, that I Brown, Alain Locke, you could goor personal, I wouldn't say ambitionwas as good as those other people on and on. They were all here; theybecause you are not ambitious to gowho were getting rewards. I had seen were my colleagues. It was breath-anywhere, you can't. ..You can't thinkit happen during the war [World War less, there was Charles Drew and of this as being an exercise that will be11]. For example, when I got my Ph.D. a whole bevy of very distinguishedrewarded. If you come to the Librarybefore the war started and I couldn't medical scientists. and rewrite the Encyclopaedia Britan-get a commission ... in the service You have to understand, or appreci-nica who's going to praise you forof my government. And I saw these ate the fact that we who were here atthat? They'll say 'It's very good, nowboys who had flunked out at Harvard Howard could see its faults. The teach-you go on back to Howard where yourising steadily in the profession, in the ing load was indescribably heavy; thebelong.' And that's the cloud underhistorical section of the War Depart- provisions, the facilities were inade-which we lived. ment, and so forth. I saw all that. And quate. And we who had been to major Here and there one got an opportu-I saw them way down the list from institutions, really major institutions,nity to look into the 'Promise Land'where I was moving up at the major could see the contrast between thisbut not really to savor it. For exam-universities in this country. And so institution that said that it was some-ple, in 1950, I had been at Howardit did me personally a lot of good to thing and that we thought was some-for three years, and in 1950 I wasbe able to be out there on the firing thing, and these other institutions thatinvited to be a visiting professor atline, even if I wasn't going any further we had attended as graduate studentsthe summer school at Harvard Uni-[than Howard]. which were really something. And theversity. And I took that letter and I I must say that [by] beating at the distance between the two institutions, showed it to Rayford Logan, the chairdoor...I was calling attention to that is, Howard University on the oneof my department, and he just gaspedmyself. So that when I went, at the hand and this cluster of major institu-because this was unheard of, unthink-invitation of C. Vann Woodward, to tions on the other, was very far; theable, indescribably beyond the pale, soread a paper at the Southern Histori- distance was very far. Now one of theto speak. ... I obviously would acceptcal Association in 1949, the Southern things that was unhealthy about thisthat invitation, but I did not knowHistorical Association was very upset was that since we knew that we hadwhat the implications were. What didabout it. The program committee said, no where to go, and since we knewthis mean? It couldn't mean that I was'Why would Vann Woodward do this how inadequate Howard University being looked over to come to Harvard.to us? To have this character, and not was, we spent a good deal of time, anNo. And it was quite clear when I goteven notify us until he'd been put on inordinate amount of time, criticizingthere that this was a sort of tokenanthe program. Where is he going to Howard. That was our favorite pas-expression of tolerance, or esteem,stay? Where is he going to sit on the timecriticizing Howard University.or somethingbut not an encourage-platform? Is he going to be standing

230 INFORMATION BULLETIN 3541 on the platform and look down atplete my graduate studies,' and that's You were a pallbearer at his funeral? white folks?' ....Vann was very calm.what he did, and so he was just wind- Yes, I had become very close to Dr. He said, 'Franklin is very resourceful,ing up when I went to Harvard.Woodson, I think as close as you could he might bring his pup tent andHe got his Ph.D. and he taught atget to Dr. Woodson. He was some- K-rations and put out a tent on theVirginia Union University, and thenwhat remote but very genial, very per- "rn,911r,fWillia m nri ry.' Atlanta I Tnivarsity, arvi than ha camesonable, but you got only so close knew that Douglass Adair, the editorto Howard University in 1938. to him. Whenever I would come to of the William and Mary Quarterly, had Was Carter G. Woodson (the 'Father Washington, this was before I became already asked me to stay at his house. a professor at Howard, I would always Doug wanted me to stay at his home of Black History') here then? Not at go by and see him and he would for really selfish reasons. His children Howard, but in Washington? encourage me. He put me on as an had never been in the presence of an Dr. Woodson taught at Howard forassistant editor of the Journal of Negro peioii allll1IleiL L1lt:11. a semester or two ...in the earlyHistory. And he inspired me and this was going to be part of their edu-1920s. By the time I got to Howard, orencouraged me in so many ways. ... cation, but I enjoyed . certainly by the time I got to gradu-Dr. Woodson was very generous. And ...I had the satisfaction of breakingate school, and that was when I firstthat's the point I want to make because down the barriers of the Southernmet Dr. Woodson, he was alreadypeople thought he was closed and Historical Association and reading athe director of the Association forselfish, and critical of people who paper there. ... If you keep nibblingthe Study of Negro Life and Historymight be regarded as his competitors. away at the barriers, maybe you can [ASNLH]. He gave all of his time and I remember when I wrote From Slavery attention to managing the association, knock one down one time. It may take to Freedom people said, 'Well, that'll be a long time. Twenty years after I readediting the Journal of Negro Historythe end of you and Woodson because that paper at the Williamsburg meet- and editing the Negro History Bulletin.you are going to be competing with ing of the Southern Historical Asso-And leading it [ASNLH] in a way thathim, with his book.' I said, 'I don't ciation, 20 years later I was presidentit has not been led since. Dr. Wood-think so.' And Dr. Woodson was very of the Southern Historical Association. son was here, but he was not con-encouraging to me. I was on the pro- Or, five years after I was a visitingnected with Howard. Rayford Logangram [ASNLH annual conference] the professor at Harvard University, I waswas here, and in addition to beingyear that book came out. He urged me chair of the Department of History atinvolved in Howardas a professorto do something on George Washing- Brooklyn College of the City Univer-and department chairhe was alsoton Williams. ... That book is a result sity of New York. That wasn't Har-active in the association. of the encouragement that Dr. Wood- vard, to be sure. But that was Brook- The first time I went to the associ-son gave to me back in 1945, '46, '47. lyn College, where up to that pointation [annual conference] in OctoberIt took me 40 years to do the research it was unthinkable, unheard of, that1936, it met in Petersburg, Va., at Vir- and writing ... but the inspiration was a black person should have that job. ginia State College. You see it couldn't what I got from Dr. Woodson. And it was such a spectacular appoint-meet at any of the hotels in any of ment that The New York Times had me the cities. ... And the new president Your biography of George on the front page of its first editionof the association was there attending her first meeting as president, that was Washington Williams [George on the morning of Feb. 15. ... I didn't Washington Williams: A Biography. think it was spectacular; it was just aMary McLeod Bethune. The previous president, for whom I'm named, had Chicago: University of Chicago job as far as I was concerned, but they Press, 19851 is my favorite book by thought it was. died in February 1936. That was John Hope, the president of Atlanta Univer- you. Would you comment on George Vnto montfrinafi !hot payfrord I ^gar? sity ... She was here in Washington Vitchir:gtor: thc was chairman of the history as the assistant director of the Youth It's my favorite too. ... It was such department when you were there fat Administration. I've never seen a char-a challenge. Here was a man who was Howard University)? acter more remarkable than she was.larger than life in many ways, and yet Yes. He brought me there, I wouldAnd Rayford asked me if I wanted tothere was nothing about him, abso- say. He had met me in 1938 when I wasgo to breakfast with Mrs. Bethune. And lutely nothing. And so I went to Dr. a graduate student at Harvard. Well, heI went to breakfast, but I don't know ifWoodson in 1945 and said, 'Who was met me before that, in 1936, when heI said a word I was so awed by her, andthis character?' I had seen his two-vol- came up [to Harvard] for his final exam- by him too, but she was really an over-ume History of the Negro Race [A His- inations. After the war, after World War powering person. And I remember sotory of the Negro Race in America from I, he stayed in Europe until 1923 or '24 well what she said to him that morn-1619 to 1880. New York: G.P. Putnam's ... and didn't everintend to come backing. She said, 'Rayford, my boy, if ISons, 1882], and yet there was nothing to the United States. The contrast waswere not an educator, I think I'd beon him. Not even an article. ... And so crushing, and he was so bitter abouta politician,' and she began to regaleDr. Woodson said, 'Look, this man the way he had been treated as a youngus with stories about Washington andis really something, he's really quite person in the United States that heher experiences here. She made a good remarkable.' And I looked up DuBois, was going to stay in France. Then his president of the association. ...Theand DuBois had said, when the book mother became ill and he had to come association began to decline shortlycame out in 1882, 'At last we have our back. And he decided that, 'Since Iafter the death of Dr. Woodson; he diedown historian'. ... And Dr. Woodson have to stay here I might as well com- in April 1950. said, 'Why don't you write a paper? OCTOBER 2001 35Z 231

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director was a Yale Ph.D. in history, and he was a Southern. So I went to see him to tell him what I was doing and to see what was there.... I was not prepared for his response. He simply said, "When we built this building we had no idea that any Negroes would ever be curious enough or inter- ested enough to want to come here to do research. So we don't have any place for you to do research, but I think that you are entitled to do it, but we'll have to prepare a place for you. How about giving me a week?" I looked at him, I didn't respond, I simply looked at him because I was counting up... room and board that I would have to pay while sitting around twiddling my thumbs for a week to satisfy local prejudices. He saw that I was not com- fortable with a week, so he said, "What about three days?" I said, "I'll be back on Thursday." It was Monday. And I went back on Thursday and they had cleaned out a little room ... and put in there a table, a desk and a waste basket. It was across the hall from the search room that the whites were using, a big search room. I was also given a key to the stacks on the assumption that white pages would not want to serve me and I would therefore have to go into the stacks and serve myself.... They also gave me a library cart. I did that for two weeks and then Dr. Crittendenthat was the Charlynn Spencer Pyne name of the directorsaid, "I'm sorry but I'll have to relieve John Hope Franklin greets an admirer during hisyou of your key." ...I said, "What did I do?" He said, "It's July 11 presentation at the Library. not what you did, but the white people see you coming through the search room with your cart piled high with I'll put you on the program' [at the ASNLH annual con-books and manuscripts, and they are all demanding keys for ference], and he did. And he published it in the journal ofthemselves because they feel that they are being discrimi- Negro History. By that time I was so inspired and so stimu-nated against, reversely." lated I could just keep going then. It just took time because You asked me about discrimination, you could see it all there was nothing on him.... [Williams, born in Pennsyl-right there in Raleigh, all forms. Now here the archives made vania in 1849, served in the Civil War, attended Howarda special room for me. The state library, which is across the University and graduated from Newton Theological Semi- square, didn't have a room for blacks; you had to sit in the nary.] And he became successively a minister, state legisla- stacks, not in the reading room, but anywhere in the stacks. tor, lawyer, historian, explorer extraordinaire, ladies' manOn the other side of the square was the [state] Supreme ... he was just remarkable. Court library, which had no discrimination. You could go in there and sit anywhere and use anything that they had. So At the Library there was no segregation, but what about you see the whims, and the indefiniteness of segregation is other archives and libraries, particularly since you were something that was remarkable. researching Southern history? When I left the Library of Congress in 1939, I went to Ms. Pyne is a network specialist in the Network Development and North Carolina to work in the state archive in Raleigh. TheMARC Standards Office.

IFLA Librarian and Yekaterina Genieva, umbrella agreement. continued from page 225 director of the Open Society Institute- During the signing ceremony, Dr. Russia and director general of the All-Billington said: "I want to thank speech on page 227). Russian Library of Foreign Literature. Ms. Genieva for the wonderful work Following the lecture, a largeAn earlier, more narrow agreementthat she and the Soros Foundation crowd gathered at the Library's state-was previously signed to enable OSIare doing to foster an international of-the-art exhibit booth to witnessand the Library to work together forappreciation for Russia's great book the signing of the umbrella agree- the establishment of a mobile digiti-culture ... so that the work that we ment to facilitate cooperation in vari- zation laboratory in western Siberia,are doing through the Meeting of ous areas between the Library andheadquartered in Novosibirsk, Russia. Frontiers project will actually reach the Open Society Institute related Three Library staff have already trav-out into the interior frontiers of to the Russian-American digitaleled to Novosibirsk for the installa-Russia as well." library project, Meeting of Fron-tion of equipment and training of local tiers, atinternationalloc.gov/intld1/OSI staff to perform the digitization. Ms. Pyne is a network specialist in mtfhtml/mfhome.html. Further developments of this kind will the Network Development and MARC Signing the agreement were thenow occur in the context of this new Standards Office.

232 INFORMATION BULLETIN .1 4.0 303 Africa and the Middle East New Illustrated Guides to Collections Published

he Library of Congress has In Library of Congress Hebratc Trecently published Library ofCollections: An Illustrated Guide, Congress African and Middle East- authorMichaelGrunberger, ern Collections: Illustrated Guides. head of the Hebraic Section, The three-volume set includeshas chosen to include 56 illus- individual illustrated guides totrations such as cuneiform tab- the Library's Africana, Hebraiclets, manuscript and published andNearEastcollections.sacred texts, rare books and Prepared by award-winningmaps, ornamented marriage designer Robert L. Wiser, theycontracts and publications of narratethegrowthoftheAmerican Jewry. Library's extensive and compre- Library of Congress Near East hensive holdings of the intel-Collections: An Illustrated Guide, lectual heritage of more thanwritten by Levon Avdoyan, 70 countries and countless peo-Armenian and Georgian Area ples, lands and cultures of sub-Specialist in the Near East Sec- Saharan and North Africa, Israeltion, reproduces 65 items includ- and the Middle East. ing early manuscript Korans, The Library's African andinscribed Armenian ecclesiasti- Middle Eastern Divisioncal fabric and manuscript lit- (AMED) was established in 1978.urgies, rare photographs from In her Foreword to each illus-18th century Central Asia, Per- trated guide, Beverly Gray, chiefsian calligraphy sheets, Otto- of AMED, traces the establish-man incunabula and items that ment and transition of each ofillustrate the heritage of the the division's three sectionsNear East in America. the African, Hebraic and Near Made possible by support Eastinto the Library's Africanfrom the James Madison Coun- and Middle Eastern collections. cil,a national, private-sector "We hope readers will gleanadvisory council dedicated to from these works the depth andhelping the Library of Con- breadth, as well as the sheergress share its unique resources beauty, of our holdings," saidwith the nation and the world, Ms. Gray. "These materials havethe illustrated guides to the been gathered for use by theLibrary'scollectionsfeature , as wellmaterials in various formats. as to assist scholars and research-Thpv include oyuidec tn the rnl- ers with their work." lections of manuscripts; prints Eachpublicationincludesand photographs; rare books; visually appealing reproduc-maps; music, theater and dance; a.ommacao, c) 0) Di 03 IR 80, D tions of items from the collec-Hispanic and Portuguese; Euro- tions. Library of Congress Afri-pean; and Asian materials. cana Collections: An Illustrated Library of Congress African and NEWasCrillethow Guide, written by Joanne Zellers,Middle Eastern Collections: Illus- 0000'OUDQIIft0s) carrot:ma, Africana area specialist in thetrated Guidesa boxed three- African Section, highlights in itsvolume set totaling 200 pages, 55 illustrations such items asincluding 176 illustrationsis rare books, manuscripts, maps,availablefor$37 from the artwork and photographs, andLibrary of Congress Sales Shop contemporary documentary(credit card orders 202-707-0204) resourcesfromsub-Saharanand from the U.S. Government Africa and other parts of thePrinting Office (stock number world. 030-001-00179-2).

These three volumes in the latest series of illustrated guides to the Library's collections are now available.

OCTOBER 2001 233 NeE a 0

0

an S Moment of Crisis, Moment of Hope Kissinger Delivers Inaugural Foreign Policy Lecture

By GAIL FINEBERG powerful, can impose all its preferences ormer Secretary of State Henry Kiss- on the world without evoking univer- Finger delivered a message of hope sal resistance and without overextend- at the Library on Oct. 10, the night ing itself. Similarly, no nation can insist before U.S. Capitol Police barricaded that its ideals alone are the criterion by the Capitol, Library buildings and which all others can be judged." the Supreme Court in response to an He emphasized the importance of unprecedented FBI warning to beware understanding the histories and cultures of terrorists' truck bombs. of other societies and comprehending Giving the inaugural Henry Alfred how the evolution of their countries Kissinger Lecture on U.S. foreign policy affects their concepts of what is legit- and international relations, Mr. Kiss- imate. "That does not mean that we inger said he "looks at this moment have to give up our valuesour values of crisis as a moment of great hope" enable us to persevere in difficult cir- that the United States and its anti- cumstances and to make hard choices terrorist allies will emerge with an but it does mean that to create an inter- inclusive international system, one that Vivian Roney national system, the art of the powerful deals with the "fundamental issue of Henry Kissinger is to create a degree of consensus." inequality and poverty that are at the In response to a question relating to root of some of the problems." (2001), Mr. Kissinger conceded he hadthe historical context of recent events, Just as the United States, with thenot foreseen anything like the events ofMr. Kissinger said scholars, whose help of its allies, defeated its enemiesSept. 11. "I treated terrorism as some- opinions he respects and shares, attri- in Europe and Japan during World Warthing that happens on the whole tobute the rage of Muslim fundamen- II and then "brought them back to theother people, or to Americans abroad, talists to "a sense of historic humili- community of nations as equals," sobut not to the territorial United States." ation." He said Islamic societies had "we face the same challenge now." Had terrorists not attacked the United great empires and were in the van- "We have to defeat our enemies, andStates on Sept. 11, Mr. Kissinger said, he guard of progress for long periods we have to defeat them completely.would have spoken about the uniqueof history, until the last few hundred And we cannot stop with some partialcharacter of Americans' approach toyears, when they did not modernize to successes in an isolated outpost," heforeign policy, about "the fact that the the degree of surrounding societies. said. "But, at the same time, we mustUnited States had never received a direct "This sense of falling behind is use this occasion to create a new com-threat or experienced a direct threat,blamed in part on Western materi- munity and new sense of participationthe fact that Americans had never livedalism, Western imperialism, Western in the international system." with the experience of tragedy causedvalues." The goal of Islamic fundamen- The lecture marked the establishmentby foreign actions in their own country, talists is to reachieve eminence by top- at the Library of the Henry Alfred Kiss-about the belief that... we could choose pling the West, which they perceive as inger Chair in Foreign Policy and Interna- the degree of our participation andweakening, he said. tional Relations. Welcoming the Coolidge withdraw almost at will." Of the foreign policy response to the Auditorium audience and overflow But, he said, the attack on the Worldevents of Sept. 11, Mr. Kissinger said: of some 100 in the Whittall Pavilion,Trade Center and the Pentagon "had "I believe the administration has con- the Librarian explained that this pro-a very profound psychological impactducted a wise and strong and decisive gram, endowed by friends of Kissinger,here, and, as it turns out, in much of thepolicy, and I am very impressed, not includes an annual lecture to be given byrest of the world." only by the vision they have shown, but a person with "great experience in craft- Mr. Kissinger said that, in the 60by the support we have received from ing foreign policy." The second part ofyears he has lived in the United Statesso many countries, but especially from the program is the annual appointmentand observed its government, "I have our European allies." of a senior research scholar to use thenever seen a demonstration of defined The foreign policy challenge, he said, Library's international collections. unity as in the last month, and I have will be to hold this coalition through all Dr. Billington introduced Mr. Kiss-never seen such a dedication to over-three phases of the antiterrorist opera- inger as "one who has reflected deeplycoming the traditional divisions that tions: the defeat of the Al Qaeda terrorist on problems of national strategy andhave been existing at least since thegroup and elimination of Afghanistan's diplomacy" during his 30-year career asVietnam period." Taliban government that supports it; the scholar and statesman, as one with "a That debate, "so characteristicallyorganization of a broad-based govern- historian's sense of deep perspective andAmerican," that "foreign policy shouldment structure to replace the Taliban; a statesman's feel for broad strategy." be essentially moral or essentially realis- and an international effort to defeat ter- At the time he wrote his latest book, tic," can now be ended and transcended, rorists wherever they operate and to Does America Need a Foreign Policy?he said. "No country, no matter how sever them from all state support.

234 INFORMATION BULLETIN Ok?/ TKO14,-- 1. 4. SS'b After military objectives are achieved groups might do inside Saudi Arabiaissue of missile defense in the months in Phase I, the Taliban must be replaced against the necessities they feel alsoahead will find its solution, not only in with a governing structure that includes of preserving stability in the region.relations with our European allies but not only the Northern Alliance, but also So we should deal with Saudi Arabiain our relationship to Russia." the Pashtun population of the south,with understanding and compassion With regard to Russia, he said, the Mr Viccinglar ctrpccpel f^r th-ir prohlem, b-t we car not letforeign policy challenge is how to give Organization of this structure should any country escape the consequencesRussia a place, not only in the interna- be turned over to some kind of interna-of the antiterrorist policy now that ittional system but also in a new rela- tional body, perhaps the United Nations, has started." tionship to the West, without abandon- or "maybe a contact group composed Beyond Phase 3, he said, lies the his- ing some of the historic fears that exist, of all the neighboring countries that aretoric opportunity for this or a similarespecially in Eastern Europe. The ques- part of the overall coalition, plus those coalition to undertake the kind of cre-tions are "how to have a dialogue with countries that have participated in theative, reconstructive actions that theRussia without reigniting some impe- military operations. That would thenUnited States and its allies did afterrial temptations, how to give Russia a create a kind of cooperation betweenWorld War H, when they laid the status of equality that respects its history countries that have not in the pastgroundwork for a strong, free Europeand its dignity and takes into account at looked at the stability of the Middle Eastand Japan. the same time some of the institutions as a joint problem." that have developed in the post- The United States alone can- war period." not be responsible for filling "We have to defeat our enemies, As an alternative to NATO, the vacuum created by the top- and we have to defeat them Mr. Kissinger suggested creation pling of the Taliban, nor can the of "a new political consultative United States abandon Afghan- completely. And we cannot stop mechanism" that would include istan to chaos, Mr. Kissinger with some partial successes in America, Europe and Russia, emphasized. "in some manner whereby the The greatest challenge of Phase an isolated outpost. But, at issue of attack from Russia is 3, the effort to eradicate state- the same time, we must use made hopefully irrelevant by supported terrorism wherever it the intensity of consultation, exists, will be to hold the interna- this occasion to create a new but where the essential defense tional coalition, which Mr. Kiss- community and new sense mechanisms remain for what- inger described as one of "many ever common military efforts different nations of traditional of participation in the Europe and the United States allies, of traditional adversaries international system." want to undertake together." who in this case share our objec- Responding to a question tives, of countries that share our about China's foreign policy, he purposes but are afraid to affirm them, As for the strength of the coalitionsaid: "I think that for the next 10 to 15 of countries that do not share our pur-formed recently by the president andyears, China has no conceivable motive poses but use participation as a meanssecretary of state, Mr. Kissinger saidto engage in a confrontation with the of escaping embarrassing challenges." allies have demonstrated a solidarityUnited States; therefore, I believe that Mr. Kissinger said it is essential toconsidered improbable three monthsthey will engage in a nonconfronta- separate terrorists from their basesago. From the European perspective, he tional foreign policy, provided [there] in various countries. "Without thesesaid, "It is clearer now than it was thenis a thoughtful handling of the Taiwan bases, they become random criminalsthat there are some dangers that stillproblem on all sides." and can be dealt with more or iessunite us, even in the security field." Noting that the China of today is not as individuals. The fundamental chal- On the question of European iden-the China of the 1970s, Mr. Kissinger lenge that is posed by the terrorism tity, he said, the United States must rec-said Mao Zedong brought about the we have seen is the state support thatognize that Europe has its own historyunity of China, Deng Xiaoping brought these various organizations receive.and will define some of its own pur-about the beginning of reform in China, Some of that support derives from poses. What differentiates Europe fromand Jiang Zemin "has begun to face fear. There is in several countries a the United States is not as important asthe consequences of rapid economic kind of bargain by which terroristcooperation, he said. change outstripping political adapta- groups operate with relative safety He suggested that a U.S. mis-tion." The challenge to Jiang is how to so long as they don't aim their activ-sile-defense system will be tolerated.adjust political institutions to a plural- ities at their host country," he said. "I think it is clear now that if the explo-istic economic system, he said. "Fewer countries support terrorismsion in New York had occurred with The former diplomat who helped as a method of diplomacy and as aa missile attack, and if the Americanopen relations with China said he does method of warfare." people knew that some technologynot regard China as a communist coun- AskedspecificallyaboutSaudiexisted to prevent this, that its gov-try, in the way communism was under- Arabia, Mr. Kissinger said the Saudiernment had refused to adopt thatstood as an ideology during the Cold War government will have to face the neces- technology for a variety of ideologicalperiod, but as a one-party country. sity of cutting Off financial supportand political reasons, it would totally to terrorist organizations. "They areundermine confidence in our govern-Ms. Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, the trying to balance the fear of what these ment. For this reason, I believe the Library's staff newspaper.

OCTOBER 2001 235 et..31a 0

Before Laura Bridgman, Pioneer Pupil of Deaf-Blind Education

BY AUDREY FISCHER More than 30 years after her death, The Education of Helen Keller (1880-1968) remains one of the most admired figures in American history. But few are aware of her predecessor, Laura Bridgman Laura (1829-1889), the first deaf-blind child to learn language. Born a half-century Bridgman before Keller, Bridgman was once regarded as the most well-known First woman alive, with the exception of Deaf . Two new books about and

Bridgman shed new light on this phe- Blind nomenon who slipped into obscurity by the end of the 19th century. The Person books were the subject of a Sept. 14 pro- to gram sponsored jointly by the Library's Learn National Library Service for the Blind Language and Physically Handicapped (NLS) and the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution. lIsl ks@IJGOii Due to the tragic events of Sept. 11, neither author was able to participate in the program as originally planned, cans who have made outstanding con- an era of institutionalization for those but the decision was made to proceed tributions to American life and culturewhose abilities were outside the realm with the panel discussion on the life in their chosen professions. of normal. Those without language and times of Laura Bridgman. "The portraitist and the biographerwere illiterate and thereby considered "Itis important that we gatherare co-conspirators in an attempt toto be "without reason, outside of the together to find inspiration in thesecheat death," he said. loop of civilization." difficult times," said Marc Pachter, By way of example, he displayed a Mr. Freeberg, associate professor director of the National Portrait Gal-, available at the Nationalof the humanities at Colby-Sawyer lery, who opened the program. "WePortrait Gallery, that immortalizesCollege in New Hampshire, provides are inspired by the triumph of LauraLaura Bridgman in a silhouette bythe historical context in which Howe Bridgman over incomparable limita- FrenchartistAugusteEdouartworked and lived. Howe, a doctor, tions and her impact on the deaf-blind (1788-1861). The image can be explored social reformer and the founder of community." by the sense of touch as well as sight. the Perkins Institution for the Blind in AccordingtoMr.Pachter,the Floyd Matson, professor of AmericanBoston, was said to be looking for a National Portrait Gallery "is a place toStudies at the University of Hawaii, dis- "poster child" in his effort to reform remember great American lives." Thecussed the life and education of Laurathe education of blind children in the collection includes 18,500 works, rang- Bridgman as told by biographers Ernest United States. Left deaf and blind by ing from paintings and sculpture toFreeberg and Elisabeth Gitter. Accord- scarlet fever at the age of 2, Bridgman photographs and drawings. Its trea-ing to recent book reviews, Mr. Free-fit the bill. sures include portraits of each of the berg's work, The Education of Imira Bridg- Beginning with a set of raised-letter U.S. presidents and portraits of Ameri- man: First Deaf and Blind Person to Learn metal types that he fashioned for his Language (Harvard University Press),pupil, Howe then moved to a manual Both biographies of Bridgman books emphasizes the ideas of Bridgman's alphabet to spell out objects into Bridg- are being produced in braille and audio teacher, Samuel Gridley Howe, whileman's palm (a technique that Bridg- formats for eligible borrowers through- Ms. Gitter's The Imprisoned Guest: Samuel man later taught , Helen out the NLS network of cooperating Howe and Laura Bridgman, the Original Keller's teacher). Before long, Bridg- libraries. Mr. Freeberg's book is avail- Deaf-Blind Girl (Farrar, Straus & Giroux) man acquired language. In turn, Howe able for circulation on audio cassette is closer to a biography of the pupil. believed he had succeeded in unlock- as RC 51875 and available for reserve "In the tradition of works such asing the organ of language from Bridg- in braille as BR 13354. Ms. Gitter's The Education of Henry Adams," said Mr. man's brain, thereby disproving the book is available on audio cassette as Matson, "Mr. Freeberg's book focuses teachings of philosopher John Locke RC 51849 and in braille as BR 13353. on Bridgman's instruction." Accordingwho believed that humans were born to Matson, the early 19th century was with a blank slate (tabula rasa). Howe

236 360 INFORMATION BULLETIN s took his pupil on the road, waging aof the Republic"). According to Ms. Rounding out the program was a publicity campaign in the age of side-Gitter, the adolescent Bridgman posedpresentation by Marc Maurer, pres- show freak promoter P.T. Barnum. Her more of a problem for Howe than theident of the National Federation of fame was further fueled by writtenchild he had taken under his wing. Both the Blind. Mr. Maurer, an advocate accounts by Charles Dickens. authors discuss Howe's failed attemptof braille labels on most products, It was Dickens's account in his 1842at Bridgman's religious instruction, asthanked NLS for "its persistence in travel narrative, American Notes, thatHowe was unable to substantiate hisproducing braille material." In addi- piqued the interest of Elisabeth Gitterviews on the nature of good and evil. tion to Bridgman, he spoke of Jaco- more than 150 years later. An English Following Mr. Matson's remarks,bus tenBroek, the distinguished blind professor at the City University of NewJudith Dixon, NLS consumer relationsscholar who became the founding York's John Jay College of Criminalspecialist, spoke about technologicalfather of the National Federation of Justice and a specialist in Victoriandevelopments in the area of Web braille. the Blind. literature and women's studies, Ms. The system currently offers 4,000 titles "Their success comes out of the spirit Gitter brings a feminist perspectiveto some 1,600 users. Ms. Dixon read aof America," said Mr. Maurer. "Those to the relationship between Bridgmanthank-you note from a user who is nowwho seek to damage our spirit with and Howe. While Mr. Freeberg argues able "to carry all of the books I need forviolence and force cannot kill it. Bridg- that Howe's sudden loss of interest inthe day in one package." man and tenBroek have left us with a his pupil was intellectual, Ms. Gitter "Imagine what Helen Keller andlegacy and we must follow suit." notes that it coincided with his mar-Laura Bridgman would have accom- riage 1843 to the spirited Julia Wardplished with this tool," speculated Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist in Howe (author of the "Battle HymnMs. Dixon. the Public Affairs Office.

Group Members Digital Future for the National Consumer Groups Steven Booth Blind and Disabled National Federation of the Blind Christopher Gray NLS Establishes Long-Term American Council of the Blind Network of Cooperating Libraries Digital Planning Group Representatives Gerald Buttars r merging digital information tech-maximize these technologies to serve Program for the Blind and Phys- nologies have led the Nationalour national user population of more ically Handicapped, Utah State Library Service for the Blind and than 759,000 readers." Library Division Physically Handicapped (NLS) of the The long-termdigitalplanning Library of Congress to initiate a long-group was formed with the concur- Kim Charlson term digital planning group. rence of the national network's four Braille and Talking Book Library The substantial progress that hasregional conference chairs, with two Perkins School for the Blind been made in the development of a representatives from each conference. Barbara Goral new digital format for audio-bookThese lihrarianc,along withrep, Colorado Talking Book Library production and distributiona dig-sentatives from national consumer Michael Gunde ital talking book and a playerhasgroups and appropriate NLS staff, Florida Bureau of Braille and made it possible for NLS to beginwill begin meeting at least once a year Talking Book Library Services plarining other digital efforts. for approximately five years. Karen Keninger "The national talking-book program According to Mr. Cylke,"This Library for the Blind and is now reaching the stage where input willensure continuous input as Physically Handicapped, Iowa from network libraries and consumertogether we plan a transition to digital Department for the Blind groups is needed on how we mighttechnology." Karen Odean implement new digital technology The group held its first meeting Talking Book Center of within the national network of 138on Oct. 24-26. Robert McDermott, Northeast Illinois cooperating libraries," said NLS Direc- NLS automation officer, is acting as tor Frank Kurt Cy Ike in announcingchair. The group will also develop Deborah Rutledge formation of the group on Aug. 31.substantive content for the 2002 New Jersey Library for the Blind "Information technologies have alsoNational Conference of Librarians and Handicapped matured in recent years, and the con-Serving Blind and Physically Handi- Guynell Williams vergence of these technologies hascapped Individuals, with the theme Department for the Blind and led NLS to explore how our network"A Digital Planning Effort," sched- Physically Handicapped, of libraries for blind and physicallyuled for April 28-May 2, 2002, in South Carolina State Library handicapped individuals can bestRichmond, Va.

OCTOBER 2001 237 Law of the Lands Report of the 8th Annual GLIN Directors' Meeting

By NATALIE GAWDIAK When the directors and partners of the Global Legal Information Network (GLIN) gathered for their eighth annual meeting in the Library of Congress on the morning of Sept. 11, they and their hosts had no idea what a day it would be. The meeting included 11

GLIN members, from Ecua- Natalie Gawdiak dor,Guatemala, Kuwait,GLIN members, Library staff and observers at the annual GUN Directors' meeting MERCOSUR (an organiz- ing of representatives from Uruguay, During the subsequent reportingtant for its long-term success. Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile andsession of the GUN directors, word Stella Chenu, Paraguay's GLIN direc- Argentina), Mexico, Paraguay, Roma-arrived regarding terrorist attacks intor, described how she uses GLIN to nia, Taiwan, United Nations, UnitedNew York City, at the Pentagon andprovide comparative legal information States and Uruguay. Also present werein Pennsylvania. The conference wasto Paraguay's legislators. Romania and two potential GUN members whoquickly disbanded, and the partici-Uruguay GUN directors told of their came from Belize and Mauritania aspants were asked to return to theirefforts to incorporate retrospective laws observers. These participants werehotels. The next day, however, theinto the database, and Romania, Kuwait joined on the sixth floor of the Library'sGUN meeting resumed, on schedule. and Uruguay said they were interested Madison building by representativesAs the meeting resumed, Law Librar- in serving as GUN regional centers to from institutions that support GUN,ian Rubens Medina thanked the GUNprovide training and data storage and such as the World Bank, Coudert Broth- members for returning and noted thatretrieval capabilities. ers, McKee Nelson LLP and Cap lin &the work done by GLIN members is One of GLIN's partners, the Inter- Drysdale. precisely the kind of effort needed toAmerican Development Bank (IDB) The meeting opened with Rubenshelp global peace and understanding. was unable to attend, but sent a letter Medina welcoming the participants Going forward as planned, the GLINoutlining the IDB's commitment to and reminding them all of the uniquemeeting gave members an opportu-the "GUN-Americas" initiative, which requirements of legal information andnity to report on highlights of the pastincludes support for a hemispheric net- the standards that GUN has beenyear. The two newest GUN memberwork of legislative information that designed to meet, such as authenticitynations, Ecuador and Taiwan, reported would expand GUN membership to of sources, currency and completeness.for the first time. The GLIN station in include all IDB member countries in He exhorted the members to do theirEcuador has been established by a non- the Western Hemisphere by the end of best to adhere to these standards and togovernmental organization, the Center2003. The new initiative calls for three make their GUN stations into servicefor Civil Society (CESC), which pro-subregional components: the Central providers for their legislators and gov-vides training to local authorities to American parliaments will be incorpo- ernment officials in order to gain long-develop new leadership for Ecuador. rated in the network beginning later term support from their institutions.Jaime Nogales, President of CESC,this year; the Caribbean legislatures He ended his remarks by observingthe first nongovernmental organiza-will be the focus of efforts beginning that GUN is going through a transi-tion to participate in GLIN, described early in 2002; and, starting late in 2002, tional phase, from a loosely organizedthe team's efforts to provide GUNthe legislatures of the Andean coun- group interested in exchanging legalaccess to several government orga- tries will be linked to GUN, in a signifi- information to a more formal organiza-nizations in Ecuador, including its cant expansion of the network. tion with a more solid foundation forCongress, Constitutional Court and Hans Wabnitz of the World Bank, the future. National Elections Committee. GUNanother GUN partnerinstitution, Donald Scott, Deputy Librarian ofDirector of Taiwan Bin-Chung Huangdescribed the bank's creation of a Congress, welcomed the participantsnoted that the Legislative Yuan (Tai-Global Development Gateway that to the meeting. Noting that GUN iswan's legislative body) has established serves as a portal on the Internet for a tool that provides information thata GLN Steering Committee compris-information, including legal informa- may promote the rule of law, he askeding officials from most major depart- tion, about World Bank member coun- that they spread information aboutments of the legislature and convenedtries. Mr. Wabnitz recommended that GUN to others in their countries andby the Secretary General. The existenceGUN members consider acting as the to potential sponsors to help the GLINof such a committee is encouraging, as providers of legal information for the network expand. high-level support for GUN is impor- Bank's Gateway.

238 INFORMATION BULLETIN `11 362 *

The meeting also focused on orga-tee was appointed to develop a slatesaurus as a step toward this goal. nizational issues as Rubens Medinaof candidates for the Executive Coun- In closing, Mr. Medina reiterated his reported on the establishment in Julycil. The day ended as GLIN directorsrequest that members make mainte- 2001 of a GUN Foundation, an organi-signed the new charter, signaling itsnance of currency of the GLIN data- zation created to support the GLIN net-formal adoption. base the highest priority for 2001-2002. vy5 erl: and help manage and adminis- Lica uo niiUiSOifl 01 LI le %...31.41 He stressed the need to include all ter some of its functions. He introducedin Uruguay described their prepara-relevant legal material and to seek interim Board of Trustee memberstion and implementation of a technicalout sources other than official gazettes Tedson Meyers of Coudert Brothers,training course for other GUN mem-where legal instruments such as reg- Milton Cerny of Caplin & Drysdale andbers in the region, based on the GUNulations might be published. He also Gwyneth Hambley of McKee Nelsontraining provided by the Law Libraryurged that GLN members prepare LLP and recommended some projectsof Congress. That GLIN members arebasic information about their nations' that he hoped the foundation mightbeginning to perform some of the func- legal systems to be included in GLIN support over the next year. GUN mem-tions that have so far been the respon-as an aid to legal researchers. bers are expected to elect a new Boardsibility of the Law Library reflects the At a closing event in Madison of Trustees by the end of the year. group's growing sophistication. Hall, Librarian of Congress James H. After more than three years of dis- The GLIN director from Romania,Billington noted that the gathering rep- cussions, GLIN members adopted aDan Chirita, described the work of theresented the positive side of what is new charter that essentially formal- Parliamentary Assemblies of the Blackhappening in the world today:the izes the relationship among GLIN part-Sea Economic Cooperative to create aspread of the rule of law, the growth of ners and establishes procedures forlegal information system that they calltransparency "and above all, the use of such things as creating committees and SELI (System for the Exchange of Legalnew technology to bring people closer electing an Executive Council. Beforeand Normative Documents). Of inter-together." members signed the new charter, Mr.est to GLIN members is that SELI The evening's guest speaker was Medina described the new organiza-has adopted GLIN standards for theRichard Douglas, general counsel for tional structure and the responsibilitiesexchange of legal information. The Par-the minority Senate Foreign Relations of the Executive Council, and Marga- liamentary Assembies nations will con-Committee. Mr. Douglas praised the ret Williams, of the Library's Office oftribute full texts of legal instrumentswork of the Law Library in support of the General Counsel, surveyed licens-to SELI that will be accessible throughthe Foreign Relations Committee and ing issues related to the GLIN database.English-language summaries and atold those assembled that they should Ms Williams assured GLIN membersmultilingual thesaurus. know that their contributions to GLIN that they retain ownership of their GlennReitze, GUN thesaurusdo not go "into some black hole," but information and she outlined the manyadministrator, noted the long-rangethat the information is really used to options they will have should theygoal of being able to search GLIN ininform members of the U.S. Congress. choose to license their information.any language, and described how we Based on nominations received fromcan begin to "map" foreign-language Ms. Gawdiak is a writer-editor in the Law GLIN members, a nominating commit-terms to terms in the central GLIN the- Library.

Scholars was awarded a Nobel Prize in economics in ies in Catholic intellectual traditions and continued from page 217 1998 for his research on welfare and research from other Christian traditions as international development. The World well as from Jewish and Islamic ones. A History of the North Pacific from Magellan Bank and United Nations have acknowl- Mario Vargas Llosa, formerly a presi- fcsMnr rftvlir cdgcd rrofessor Sen's "hamar, velop- clenlial cal iclicia ilL Fel u, iS a gilled his- State: The American Encounter with the World ment index" as going beyond the standard torical novelist who was the first 20th cen- Since 1776. per capita income in assessing a country's tury Latin American writer to be elected Jaroslav Pelikan, Sterling Professorsocial and political, as well as economic,to the Spanish Royal Academy. He is the of History Emeritus at Yale University is the conditions. first occupant of Georgetown University's immediate past president of the American Wole Soyinka, Woodruff Professor of endowed chair of Ibero-American litera- Academy of Arts and Sciences and has writ- the Arts at Emory University, is a Nigerian ture and his books include La casa verde ten an inclusive history of Christianity. He poet and playwright who staged his first (The Green House), Conversacion en la catedral has written more than 30 books, among plays at the Royal Court Theatre in London (Conversation in the Cathedral), and La guerra them, his 1997 book, What Has Athens to Do and received a Nobel Prize in 1986 in lit- del fin del mundo (The War of the End of the with Jerusalem? erature for his work on the mythology of World). John Rogers Searle, a professor of his own Yoruba tribe. His plays include The William Julius Wilson, Lewis P. and philosophy at the University of California Lion and the Jewel (a comedy) and The Swamp Linda G. Geyser University Professor at at Berkeley, has been a regular panelist and Dwellers (a serious philosophical work); and Harvard University, is the former director moderator for television pro- his books include The Interpreters and Season of the Center for Urban Inequality at the gram "World Press." He has been both a of Anomy. University of Chicago and the 1998 recip- Guggenheim Fellow and Rhodes Scholar, James Turner, founding director ofient of the National Medal of Science, the lectures widely and has written Minds,the Erasmus Institute at the University of highest scientific honor in the United States. Brains and Science; Construction of Social Real- Notre Dame, coordinates scholarship onAmong his publications are The Declining ity and Rationality in Action. contemporary issues and the history of Significance of Race, The Truly Disadvantaged Amartya Sen, Master at Trinity Col- higher education in the United States and When Work Disappears: The World of the lege at Cambridge University in England,and heads a program that supports stud- New Urban Poor.

OCTOBER 2001 239 382 o

494 Humanizing 13 participants have already contributed tents directly from the electronic galleys continued from page 227 content for this Web site, and all thisinto the online bibliographic record with- should eventually feed into a global on- out having to rekey the data. A second pro- function of transmitting inert stored line library and network. gram scans and provides the tables from knowledge democratically to a broad "... The role of the librarian has become already printed publicationsencourag- and diverse population. more, rather than less, important: to help ing catalogers and reference librarians to First is the need to place on the Weblearners of all ages make connectionsdecide which are most broadly impor- educational content that is easily acces- between print and electronic materials,tant. sible, of dependable quality and free ofand to help navigate through the sea of We have also set up a project to link charge for everyone. illiterate chatter, undependable infotain-Library of Congress catalog records with Second is the need to provide the hard-ment and gratuitous sex and violencethe full-text electronic versions of many ware and software that can deliver thisthat is proliferating and that many say is social service monographic series of the positive content to public institutions like the only real profit-making on the Inter-working-paper type, such as those of the libraries and schools where everyone can net. The Internet tends to feed upon itself National Bureau of Economic Research. access them freely in local communities rather than independently validate the A fourth new program will provide everywhere. material it transmits. You may have seenfull online information about new books, Third is the need for human mediatorsthe lines making the rounds of library including jacket , summary, sample within those public institutions who can e-mail: "A Zen librarian searched fortext and author information. ... serve the special needs of a community 'nothing' on the Internet and received 28 Finally, the Library of Congress has ini- and help integrate the new online knowl- million hits." tiated a project to identify those interna- edge with the older wisdom in tional Web resources that are of most books. value to researchers and scholars. Only the second and the most "Without books, the Internet When completed, the project will impersonal of these needs has produce an international home page begun to be met. Both public and risks becoming a game with pointers to reliable online private funders in America have without a storythe game resources for all of the nations of been relatively generous in equip- the world. By mid-September, por- ping public schools and libraries of mergers, speculations, tals for 20 countries will be available with the hardware and software to users worldwide. for new educational efforts. But the increasingly violent video By far the most difficult new humanizing first and third stages games, a surfing game on challenge looming for librarianship that would provide free humanis- will be preserving and providing tic content at one end and humane the surface of life, motion access to "born-digital" materials, guidance in its use at the other have without memoryone of that swelling mass of material that yet to be seriously subsidized in appears only in electronic form. America. the clinical definitions of We have defined our task at the The Library of Congress has in insanity." Library of Congress in recent years recent years been trying to address as "getting the champagne out of the precisely these two areas of national bottle." But here the problem of cap- need with additional new programs that The Library of Congress is trying toturing bubbles is another matter. Digital reach beyond our original National Digi- help develop librarianship for the newmaterial and the technology to use it are tal Library Program. era through a variety of programs that,constantly changing and evanescent. The For the first stage of generating positivelike the Internet itself, are inherently average life of a Web site is only about 75 free content, Congress, led by Senator Ste- cooperative and networked activities. Idays, and a growing body of important vens of Alaska, has begun to extend our am glad to be speaking with all of you. material has already been lost forever. national program to a global one by pro- We will all have to be working much Election 2000 is our first large-scale col- viding funds for a project in which the more interactively together. lection of data-searchable Web sites to be Library of Congress is collaborating with Our Collaborative Digital Reference archived and made available online. We the national libraries of Russia and with Service is now available worldwide 24chose the subject long before the election other repositories in both countries. We hours a day, seven days a week. The first became so historic.It was conceived have already digitized and put onlinequestion asked on it a year ago cameby the Library's specialists and devel- nearly 100,000 primary documents that from a Londoner seeking information on oped in cooperation with the Internet illustrate our parallel experience of these Byzantine cooking. It was routed through Archive and Compaq Computer. It col- two former adversaries as continent-a Library of Congress file server and lected copies of more than 1,000 election- wide frontier societies, adding bilingualanswered in a few hours by a librarian inrelated Web sites, gathering some 2 mil- text from our curators. We have started Santa Monica, Calif. lion megabytes between Aug. 1, 2000, another such project with Spain and are We have two programs that haveand Jan. 14, 2001, archiving many times in advanced discussions with two others.begun to put tables of contents on thea dayand often hourlyin order to Our collaborative multinational projects Webthrowing open the door to thoserecord candidate responses to each other are becoming more widely accessiblewho browse the Internet for informationand to demonstrate at the same time the through the electronic gateway of theas well as those who use our onlinedynamic nature of Internet content. Bibliotheca Universalis. Representativespublic access catalog. One program is Last year Congress directed a major from the G7, and six other Europeanan enhancement of the Library's Elec-special appropriation to the Library of countries are coordinating their policiestronic Cataloging in Publication Pro-Congress to develop and begin imple- for digitizing primary documents. All gram. We now enter some tables of con- continued on page 241

240 INFORMATION BULLETIN 36 4 ot: 'Odyssey to the North' Bencastro Delivers Hispanic Heritage Keynote

By GEORGE1 I E DORN By way of introduction, the Librarianficult and often tragic border crossings he Librarian of Congress welcomed noted that, in 1988, Mr. Bencastro wrote in Arizona. Ta capacity audience in the Mumford and directed a play titled Crossroads, He used the device of "testimonies" Room on Sept. 26 to mark the Library's which was performed in Arlington,to document the Adams Morgan riots monthlong celebration of Hispanic Va. Mr. Bencastro's three novels (origi-of 1991. According to Mr. Bencastro, Heritage Month. He began on a sombernally published in Spanish and in sub- "Odyssey is the only novel so far that note, calling for a moment of siiencesequent English translations)A Shotdocuments this piece of history that to honor people from some 70 coun-in the Cathedral, The Tree of Life andtook place in the heart of the Latino triesmany Hispanicwho lost theirOdyssey to the Northwere all criticallybarrio of Washington, D.C." He noted lives in the tragedies of Sept.11. acclaimed. Publisher's Weekly praisedthat on the whole Odyssey' s main On a more upbeat note, he said,Odyssey as "a political novel whichstory is written in traditional narrative "People of Hispanic origins have been gives voice to a generation of Centralstyle and that "it describes the trek of in North America since the 1500s ....American immigrants." immigrants from El Salvador, passing and here at the Library we have cele- Mr. Bencastro thanked Dr. Billington through Guatemala and Mexico and brated their contributions with a proj-for his words and then demonstratedentering the United States." ect available on Internet titled "Thea writer's trajectory from painting to Hispanic Division staffer Liz Canales United States, Spain and the Americanliterature by asking Ana Kurland, co-and intern Cynthia Acosta, both of Sal- Frontier: Historias Paralelas." chair of the Library's Hispanic Heri-vadoran ancestry read selections from The Librarian introduced the His- tage Committee, to show slides of someOdyssey in English. The author then panic Heritage keynote speaker, Mario of his paintings. Mr. Bencastro beganread a brief piece in Spanish because Bencastro, a writer, playwright and his lecture by stating that he no longerhe wanted people to hear his words painter who arrived in the United States paints. His artistic expression is nowin his native language. In his closing from El Salvador 23 three years ago. through the pen. remarks, Mr. Bencastro thanked the "Salvadorans have been arriving for "All immigrant communities haveLibrary for its excellent collection on over a hundred years, but in far greaterwritten their novels about their dias-El Salvador and said he was a faithful numbers since the Soccer War of 1969pora to the United States," said Mr.user of the Hispanic Reading Room. and the more recent civil wars andBencastro. "I felt the urgent need to "The only thing that can keep us natural disasters in their native land," write one about the Salvadoran andfrom making progress in the future are he said. "There are sizable SalvadoranCentral American immigrants to thethe doubts of today" concluded Mr. communities in Los Angeles, San Fran-United States because there wasn't any Bencastro. "As a Hispanic community cisco and Houston. However, the Wash-and their story needed to be told." Aswe need to convince ourselves that, ington area also has a vibrant Salva-in his previous novel, A Shot in thewithout doubt, we are not only a very doran population. At the Library we Cathedral, Mr. Bencastro concluded that important part of this great world com- are fortunate to have a number of Sal-"different circumstances of this dias-munity that is the United States, but vadoran interns recruited yearly by thepora could be represented by differentthat we can enhance its future by con- Hispanic Division, some of whom laterliterary genres." He said that he used tributing with our own great Hispanic become staff members. Every year thethe techniques of the theater to express heritage, which is entrenched in hard Libfary ib pleased to welcome interns the plight of Latino characters workingwork, family, hope and treedom." sponsored by the Hispanic Associationin a hotel kitchen. Newspaper report- of Colleges and Universities." ing techniques helped to illustrate dif- Ms. Dorn is chief of the Hispanic Division.

Humanizing the last decade generous private donors game of mergers, speculations, increas- continued from page 240 have also helped us in many new ways ingly violent video games, a surfing game to get the champagne out of the bottle.on the surface of life, motion without menting a national plan cooperatively Nothing, I repeat, nothing, would be pos- memoryone of the clinical definitions with other governmental and privatesible, however, without our truly ded-of insanity. ... institutions in order to preserve for future icated and diversely talented staff, so Properly used, the Internet will help access important born-digital materials. many of whom you have had a chancescientifically to solve common problems Congress deserves great credit for sup- to know at these IFLA meetings over theshared by widely dispersed groups in porting all the work that the Library ofyears. The Library of Congress is doing fields like medicine and the environment, Congress is doing to preserve and makemore work with fewer people than 10and at the same time to share online the accessible the nation's creative heritageyears ago. The staff is doing it all, andprimary documents that tell the distinc- and now much of the world's knowl-they are all, as a body and individually, tive stories of different peoples. ..." edge. Consistently for 201 years, on aevery bit as great a national treasure as bipartisan basis, our national legislatureour 121 million-item collection. The transcript of the full speech may be has been the greatest patron of a single "... Without books, the Internet risks viewed at www.loc.govItodayltranscripts1 library in the history of the world. And, inbecoming a game without a storythe 010821.html

OCTOBER 2001 241 News from the Center for the Book Authors and Reading Promoters At the National Book Festival

BY JOHN Y. COLE re National Book Festival pre- ented the Center for the Book with a unique opportunity to advance its program of heightening public awareness of the importance of books and reading. Simultane- ously, the Library of Congress and the Office of the First Lady were able to make good use of the Center for the Book's extensive experience in working with authors, publish- ers and publicists as well as its net- work of 42 affiliated state centers and more than 90 national organi- John Y Cole zations that promote books, read-A standing-room-only audience fills the Library's Mumford Room to enjoy ing, literacy and libraries. presentations by author-illustrators Marc Brown and Steven Kellogg during the festival's "Pictures for Kids" program on Saturday afternoon. Authors at the Festival In planning meetings this spring,level. In addition, there would be a smallnight gala, but he had missed the infor- the festival coordinating commit-number of special guests invited by Mrs.mation that the function was "black tie tee agreed that readings and book-Bush and Dr. Billington. preferred." Three hours later, however, signings by popular authors would Center for the Book Program Officerhe was enjoying the evening in a rented be at the heart of the event,Maurvene Williams compiled lists oftuxedo. Daniel Schorr arrived at the gala which would highlight "celebrat-authors who had won or been nomi-in a wheelchair, having suffered a fall ing America's stories" and the joysnated for several dozen different nationalon the previous Wednesday. After the of reading. The Library agreedbook awards. This writer began callinggala he went to the hospital for an over- to invite established, well-knownpublishers, publicists and others to seeknight stay, but not before arranging for authors who were excellent speak-nominees; he also spoke to many authorshis wife, Lisbeth, to substitute for him in ers and to give preference to writersand to organizations that had hosted par- the "History & Current Events" author who had won or been nominatedticular authors. Suggestions also camepavilion the next day. for book awards at the nationalfrom the White House and from Library In planning the author presentations, of Congress specialists. The first invita-the Center for the Book was assisted by tions were mailed on June 21. many people. Two in particular not only Additional invitations were mailedhelped persuade prominent authors to all summer, mostly because so manyparticipate but also organized two of the publishers, authors and publicistsstanding-room-only author panel pre- were on vacation or traveling in Julysentations in the Coolidge Auditorium. and August and hard to reach. Ms. Wil-They were author Mary Brigid Barrett, liams kept track of the invited authorsthe founder of the National Children's and their status and prepared theirBook and Literacy Alliance, who intro- biographies for the festival program.duced the panel "Children's Books, Liter- The 60th nd last author acceptanceacy and Libraries: A Conversation," and came in late August from Williamformer Library of Congress employee Least Heat Moon, who had been back-Barbara Peters, now the proprietor of the packing and could be reached onlyPoisoned Pen Bookstore in Scottsdale, through cell phone calls. Ariz., who organized and chaired the Mr. Least Heat Moon arrived in Wash-panel "Mystery & Suspense: Where the ington a few hours before the Friday Bodies Are Buried."

Fanfare for Words, a 108-page directory to book fairs and book festivals by Bernadine Clark and published by the Center for the Book in 1991, was a precursor to the worldwide directory of book fairs and other literary events now available on the Center for the Book's Web Site at www.loc.gov/cfbook.

242 INFORMATION BULLETIN 366 , 4 7 John Y. Cole Fern Underdue Patricia White and Lucinda Kress distribute posters at the center's table in the "Great Ideas" pavilion; Center for the Book director John V. Cole introduced C-SPAN2's eight-hour National Book Festival special; here he is being interviewed by C-SPAN2 host Connie Brod.

The "Great Ideas for Promoting International Literacy Day, celebrated2001 to develop a "Pavilion of the Reading" Pavilion each year on Sept. 8, was a potentiallyStates," which would have featured The "Great Ideas for Promotingcomplicating factor for National Bookreading promotion efforts across the Reading, Literacy & Libraries" pavil-Festival planners and particularly forcountry and included the work of the ion was a natural extension of the the Center for the Book, which last yearCenter for the Book's 42 state affili- Center for the Book's Reading Promo- hosted the all-day International Literacy ates. Space was found, however, in the tion Partners program, which consists Day celebration at the Library of Con-"Great Ideas" pavilion for the District of more than 90 national organizations gress. The conflict in dates was avoided, of Columbia Center for the Book, for that promote books, reading, literacy however, when it was agreed to hold thelibraries in Virginia and Maryland and and libraries. Under the guidance of2001 International Literacy Day com- for the Texas Book Festival. Program Specialist Anne Boni, on Sept.memoration on Friday, Sept. 7, at the Well before Mrs. Bush and Dr. 8, 60 of the partner organizations dis-Smithsonian Institution. The LibraryBillington opened the National Book tributed information and materialswas represented by the Center for theFestival at 9:30 a.m. on Saturday, the about their programs in this pavilion. Book's Patricia White and Fern Under- pavilion was bustling with visitors due from the Librarian'sof all ages seeking information and Office, who distributedmaterial. Ms. Boni and Ms. White Center for the Book pro-staffed the Center for the Book's table motionmaterialsandfor much of the day, ably assisted by invited everyone to theAbe Boni, Joe White, Ms. Underdue, National Book FestivalMary Lou Reker, Arlene Griff, Kurt the next day. Indeed, mostMaier, Lucinda Kress, and Joel and of the members of theElinor Hunter Green. Many orga- International Literacynizations distributed posters, book- Network, including themarks, pencils and publications, and InternationalReadingthe Public Broadcasting Service dis- A ccoPi T 7.1-pcmtributcdballcons. The populariLy UI andthe World Bank,the costumed characters among both distributed materials onchildren and adults created a buzz Sept. 8 in the "Great Ideas" of activity. Within the first hour, the pavilion, adding a American Poetry and Literacy Project welcome internationalgave away all of the 500 publications flavortothefestivalit brought. Other organizations with and underscoring theoffices close to the festival, including common link these orga-the National Endowment for the Arts, nizations share in promot-returned to their offices and replen- ing reading, literacy andished their stock. libraries worldwide. There was not enough Mr. Cole is director of the Center for the festival planning time in Book.

The "reading chair" outside the "Great Ideas for Promoting Reading" pavilion, sponsored by the International Literacy Network, was a popular seat all day on Sept. 8.The Center for the Book is a member of the network, which each September hosts the celebration of International Literacy Day. Fern Underclue

243 3 0 7 THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 Syracuse005DUS*******************3-DIGIT Univ 132 519 P7 address.theaddresstofor the thisBulletin, above publicationlabel address. pleaseand return. checkaddress If change To here yourrequest Elis inquiresrequiredand missing return toenter thisissue(s)the onabovepage of EricSyracuse4-194CIJE Clearinghouse Coordinator Center NY 13244-4100 for Scion Info/Tec& Tec 368 369 The LIBRARY of CONGRESS :Inforrp.abon B3u.illaen Vol. 60, No. 11 November 2001

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F. 'Margaret Mead: Human Nature and the Power of Culture' 3 70 The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information

Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 60, No. 11 November 2001 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Margaret Mead on a canoe with Manus children in New Guinea, 1928. Photo by Reo Fortune. Cover Story:A new exhibition has opened at the Library on the life and work of noted anthropologist Margaret Mead. 254 Supporting History:A new Five-Star Council will assist and advise the Library's Veterans History Project. 247 SilverScreen:Film legend Janet Leigh visited the Library to support the National Film Registry preservation project. 249 A Life of Dedication:The family of baseball great Jackie Robinson has donated his papers to the Library. 250 Gift from the East:The YUKOS Oil Company has donated $1 million to the Library's efforts in support of Russia. 252 Welcome Aboard:The Librarian of Congress has appointed a new director of development. 252 A Safe Place:A new security awareness Web site has been launched to inform the public about new safety procedures. 253 Web Speed:The Library's Web site has been recognized for its access speed. 253 Reexamining the Founding Fathers:Roger Wilkins discussed his new book, Jefferson's Pillow: The Founding Fathers and the Dilemma of Black Patriotism, at the Library. 260 Research Fellow:Sylvia Rodgers Albro has been selected as the Library's first Kluge Staff Fellow. 262 Conservation Corner: The Conservation Division has benefited from the contributions of five interns in 2001. 263 Understanding Islam:Scholar Mohamed Arkoun spent a week at the Library to discuss Islam as a religion and as a political tool in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks on America. 264 News from the Center for the Book 266

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GuyLAMOLINARA,Editor JOHNH.SAYERS,Designer AUDREY FISCHER,Assignment Editor

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a a s Learning from Those Who Served Veterans Initiative Enlists 180 Partners

By GAIL FINEBERG A merican war veterans, including A..members of Congress, journalists and a historian, have joined a national effort led by the Library to capture and preserve the personal histories of some 19 million veterans and, through these stories, to connect younger and future generations of Americans with their nation's wartime history. Dr. Billington announced a 26-mem- ber advisory body, the Five-Star Council, and introduced several members who came to the Library on Nov. 8 to offer their support and guidance to the Veter- Five-Star Council members supporting the Veterans History Project are ans History Project, which the Library's Sen. John Warner (R-Va.), retired Maj. Gen. Jeanne Holm, Sen. Daniel American Folk life Center launched one Inouye (D-Hawaii) and retired Lt. Gen. Julius Becton. year ago on Veterans Day. Council members met with the Librar- nation is once again challenged, we Retired Maj. Gen. Jeanne Holm joined ian and Ellen McCulloch-Lovell, direc-have much to learn from those whothe military in 1942 as a truck driver, tor of the Veterans History Project, thatserved," he said. served in the Army and then the Air morning and then joined them for a pro- This collection of recorded oral his-Force for 33 years, and retired in 1975 gram in the Members' Room of the Jef- tories, diaries, letters, maps and photo-with the highest rank of any woman ferson Building, whereAARP, a national graphs will be preserved at the Library, in the armed services. She emphasized organization for people 50 and older, he said. that the project should include women announced it will give $3 million to the At the first meeting of the Five-Starand men in all kinds of noncombat Veterans History Project. Council, Dr. Billington asked for mem-jobstruck drivers, mechanics, clerks, AARP President Esther "Tess" Canjabers' ideas. Two seasoned veterans on typists, technicians of all kinds, and not only pledged $1 million a year forthe council encouraged the participa-recently, those who flew tankers that three years to the project but also prom-tion of young people in the project. refuel jets over the Persian Gulf and ised that AARP will marshal its 35 mil- "What better way to connect themnow over Afghanistan. lion members to find veterans whosewith their history than to have seniors "It's difficult to get people to come stories have yet to be recorded andin schools throughout the country goforward if they feel what they did to "create a well-f°°,1::.. out into their corn-was not significant," she said after trainedvolunteer ) munities to inter-the program. "A lot of outreach needs forcetoconduct VETERANSviewveterans?" to be done." proper oral history --askcdJuliusW. Aiiitough the Veterans History Froj- interviews with 1-111UK Becton, a retiredect legislation targets veterans of five their parents, friends lieutenant generalwarsWorld Wars I and II, Korea, and even strangers." PROJECT with 40years of ser-Vietnam and the Persian GulfMs. Ms. McCulloch-Lovell said vice in the U.S. Army,Holm said the project should include the project also is being supported byincluding duty in Germany, France andthose in uniform who served in Soma- 108 "official partners," including veter-the Pacific during World War II and inlia, Bosnia, Kosovo and now Afghan- ans and military organizations, librar-Korea and Vietnam. istan. "If that's not war, it's pretty ies and archives, museums, oral his- Mr. Becton also emphasized thatdarned close," she said. tory programs, universities and civicthe Veterans History Project "must Secretary of Veterans Affairs Anthony organizations. These organizations havecollect all their stories"those of Afri-J. Principi, a combat-decorated Viet- agreed to endorse the project, recruitcan Americans, Japanese Americans,nam veteran, said his department can their members as interviewers and serveNative Americans and women in uni-reach millions of veterans, including as repositories for some of the material.form and on the homefront. those in VA hospitals (some 60,000 on Dr. Billington said the Library has Lee A. Archer Jr., who entered flightany given day) and clinics ("4 million embraced the project and its missiontraining at the Tuskegee ArmyAir Fieldvets come to us for care in a year"). to collect the memories, accounts andand became a fighter "ace" and a lieu- Speaking also during the public pro- documents of war veterans and thosetenant colonel with 29 years of servicegram, Mr. Principi endorsed the proj- on the homefront who supported them.with the Air Force, agreed. "The projectect and pledged his department's sup- "Especially now, at a time when ourmust be all-inclusive," he said. port. "I look forward to dedicating the

NOVEMBER 2001 372 247 resources of my department" to the "I can't think of any greater tribute to project, he said. "Every community inour veterans than the preservation of America with a veterans organizationtheir memories and the formal collec- or military organization will gather uption of this history at a place such as the their stories and their lessons, and weLibrary of Congress," he said. will preserve them for all time." Sen. Hagel, who co-sponsored the Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), a Worldlegislation in the Senate, is a Vietnam War II pilot in the China-Burma-Indiacombat veteran and former deputy theater who received two Distin-administrator of the Veterans Admin- guished Flying Crosses and otheristration. He said, "In the hands of the medals, recalled receiving and readingnation's young rest the nation's des- the diary of a friend who had driven atiny. This project is so important for troop carrier onto Omaha Beach. "Sixtythat reason alone, to connect [our his- percent of our World War II veterans James Hardm tory with] our young people, the nextRep. Ron Kind (D-Wis.) co-spon- are gone, but their widows and fami-generation, the generation that will lies have their diaries and letters. We sored the legislation that created inherit the challenges of our day." the Veterans History Project. ought to get those materials," he said. Chief congressional sponsors of the Several council members, includinglegislation, along with Sen. Hagel and than this one," he told the Librarian. members of Congress, spoke about theRep. Kind, were Sen. Max Cleland He reminisced about the military project's importance during the pre-(D-Ga.), an Army captain who lostservice of his father, "a brilliant sur- sentation that followed. both legs and his right arm in a gre-geon who served in the trenches of Rep. Ron Kind (D-Wis.) and Sen.nade explosion in Vietnam in 1969;World War I and cared for wounded Chuck Hagel (R-Neb.) together spon-and Reps. Amo Houghton (R-N.Y.),by the hundreds," and the Red Cross sored the bipartisan legislation thata Marine veteran, and Steny Hoyerservice of his mother. After he returned President Clinton signed into law on(D-Md.). All are members of the Five-home, wounded and decorated, his Oct. 27, 2000 (Public Law 106-380), to Star Council. father explained to his young son why authorize the Veterans History Proj- Another Veterans History Project sup-he had custody of a German officer's ect. Rep. Kind, principal author of the porter and council member is Sen.Luger : "I saved the lives of all legislation, said he was inspired threeDaniel Inouye (D-Hawaii), who under-those in uniform; that was my mission years ago upon hearing for the firstscored the importance of linking young as a doctor. time the personal stories of his father,people to their history. Sen. Inouye was "If only I had my father's memoirs," a Korean War veteran, and his uncle,a 17-year-old Red Cross volunteer inSen. Warner said. a World War II veteran. "They started Honolulu on Dec. 7, 1941, the day Japan Looking back over his long career talking about their experiences, whatbombed Pearl Harbor. Ten years ago, asof public service that included Penta- they went through, what they saw, the nation prepared to observe the 50thgon duty as under secretary and sec- what they were involved in," heanniversary of that day, which President retary of the Navy (1969-1974) during recalled. He grabbed the family videoFranklin D. Roosevelt said would "livethe Vietnam era, Sen. Warner said his- camera and began recording these sto- in infamy," less than half of high schooltories of decisions made then should be ries for his children before the historyseniors polled knew the significance ofsaved to assist a nation facing a "con- was lost with the passing of his father'sthe date, Sen. Inouye said. flict of complexities of never before, in generation. "It has been said by wise philosophersterms of geography, in terms of politi- "We are losing 1,500 veterans a day, that a nation that forgets its past, or dis-cal and military relationships." so we are racing against time to pre-regards its past, is destined for obliv- Putting U.S. war casualties from serve this important part of U.S. his-ion," Sen. Inouye said. "If we maintainone helicopter crash in Afghanistan tory, not to glorify war, but rather tothis attitude about history forgetting theinto historical perspective, Sen. Warner capture the reality of the experiencespast, then we are in deep trouble." noted that more than 500,000 Ameri- that our veterans and families on the After Pearl Harbor, Sen. Inouye served cans gave their lives in World Wars I homefront had," Rep. Kind said. with the Army's 442nd Regimentaland II, some 37,000 died in Korea and Combat Teamservice that cost him aanother 58,000 died in Vietnam. "Those limb and earned him the congressionalnumbers are incomprehensible to this Correction Medal of Honor, Distinguished Servicegeneration, unless you preserve this The role of the Navajo Code Cross, Bronze Star, withfascinating history to guide this nation Talkers, in a caption on page 221 of cluster and 12 other medals. in the future," he said. the October 2001 issue, was mis- Sen. John Warner (R-Va.), another Although acts of courage, heroism stated. The Code Talkers transmit- Five-Star Council member, said he hadand sacrifice are important to record ted secret U.S. military messages been in the Jefferson Building manyfor posterity, another story to be told in their own language, adapted times during the 23 years he has served is how World War H united Americans for military communication, with- in the U.S. Senate, but no day had beenfrom all walks of life, said another Five- out the need for encoding, because or would be more important than this Star Council member, Sam M. Gibbons, no one on the enemy side could one promoting the Veterans Historywho served in the House of Repre- understand Navajo and decipher Project. "Jim Billington, I cannot thinksentatives for 34 years. "World War II the message. of any charge given you by the Con-was a great builder of America, a great gress that takes greater significance continued on page 249

248 373 INFORMATION BULLETIN Janet Leigh Visits Library Screen Legend Supports Film Preservation Efforts

By REBECCA FITZSIMONS than a century of Amer- Janet Leigh, a movie actress bestican movie-making and known for her role as the murderto raise awareness of the victim in "," visited the Library need to preserve this great on Oct. 29, following the Lewisburg,heritage. Pa., stop of the National Film Registry The tour consists of Tour for which she introduced anotherabout 40 film titles, drawn Registry film she stars in, Orsonfrom the National Film We lles's "" to a sell-outRegistry, representative of crowd. many genres and dates. Ms. Leigh is a stalwart supporter ofTheydemonstratethe film preservation in general and thepreservation work of var- tour in particular. She has been a guestious archives, as well as of the Library to help raise awarenessthat of the Library. for film preservation in five states, but Janet Leigh is not the Oct. 29 marked the first time she vis-only celebrity to lend sup- ited the Library itself. She was accom-port to the Film Preser- panied by her daughter, actress Kellyvation Tour by attending Curtis, and they were shown aroundpress conferences, recep- the Motion Picture, Broadcasting andtions and seminars. James Recorded Sound Division before meet-Earl Jones, a member of ing the Librarian. They spent the after- the Library's private sector Christina Tyler Weeks noon visiting the Jefferson buildingadvisory group, the Madi-Janet Leigh and Dr. Billington discussed the and exhibitions. son Council, has traveledactress's involvement with the Library's film The National Film Registry Tour, alsotoeightevents.Otherpreservation efforts and their fondness for known as the National Film Preserva-actors who have partici-classic films and serials. tion Tour, is an outreach program ofpated include Tony Curtis, the Motion Picture, Broadcasting andAlfre Woodard and Cliff Robertson. cable movie network American Movie Recorded Sound Division that began Members of the National Film Pres-Classics gave a grant to the Library to its nationwide journey in 1995, aimingervation Board, drawn from across the take the tour to all the remaining states. to go to all 50 states plus Puerto Ricofilm industry to advise the Librarian on It is expected that the Film Preservation and the District of Columbia. As ofselections to the National Film Regis-Tour will wrap up by early summer November, the tour had visited 45 try, have also joined the tour. 2002. states and had seven venues to go, The National Film Registry Tour was including the District of Columbia. Itsinitially funded by the Madison Coun- Ms. Fitzsimons is coordinator of the Film mission is twofold: to celebrate morecil and the Film Foundation. In 1998 the Preservation Tour.

Veterans 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment. As stated purpose of the war, but we actu- continued from page 248 part of the 101st Airborne Division, heally experience and carry with us the led parachute infantry forces in the pre-democratic ideals of America. homogenizer of America," he said. dawn invasion of Normandy, France, "I actually benefited, from having Noting that 12.5 million Americansthe allied invasion of the Netherlands,been an African American born and served in the armed forces and aboutthe Battle of the Bulge, the defense ofraised in a segregated society, the the same number served on the indus-Bastogne and in central Europe. Heopportunity to be integrated by and to trial side, Mr. Gibbons said people didearned the Bronze Star and rank ofintegrate the United States Army," he their duty, not because they were askedmajor. said. In all his experience, he said, he to perform a patriotic act, "but because "Spilling our guts, as we're going tonever met one American, regardless you thought it was the thing to do. Youdo in the project, and telling the truthof his or her ethnic background, who worked with people, and you learnedabout what happened, is a lesson forcame to the war with the idea of being with them the real principles of broth- America," he said. a hero, but of "wanting to do what's erhoodwhat it is to work and to Deputy Librarian Donald L. Scott,right," of choking back fear when the train together and to perform missionsintroduced as "the Library's very ownshooting started and stepping forward together and what it is to follow thegeneral," described briefly his military to lead when called upon. leadership," said Mr. Gibbons. service, through which he rose to the He began his World War II service rank of brigadier general. He said those Ms. Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, the in 1941 as an infantry officer with thewho serve "do more than serve the Library's staff newspaper.

NOVEMBER 2001 249 C 37i-4 a

* * Values for Living and Records of Life Family Donates Jackie Robinson Papers

BY ADRIENNE CANNONAND inson Papers was in HELEN DALRYMPLE the possession of Mrs. Tt was a doubleheader for the JackieRobinson until 1985, 1Robinson family when Sharon andwhen she transferred Rachel Robinson came to the Library on them to the Jackie Nov. 6: Sharon Robinson, Jackie's daugh-Robinson Founda- ter, to talk about her new book, Jackie's tion, a nonprofit orga- Nine: Jackie Robinson's Values to Live By; nization she founded and Rachel Robinson, Jackie's widow, to in 1973 to promote give the Jackie Robinson Papers to theleadership develop- Library for its permanent collections. ment and scholarship Dr. Billington welcomed Mrs. Rob-among minority and inson during a luncheon to thank herpooryouth.Over for the gift of the collection. She talkedthe years, additional about the process of saving Jackie'smaterials retrieved papers in paper bags, in boxes andfrom various indi- in shoe boxes from the time she andviduals and reposito- Varian Roney Jackie were married in 1946, and then ries have been sys-Rachel Robinson and Sharon Robinson at the going through all of those boxes andtematically added toformal announcement of the donation of the selecting the items she wanted to giveenhance the researchJackie Robinson papers; Robinson in 1954 to the Library. value of the collection. Mrs. Robinson "It's a bittersweet experience to decided to give the whole collection to donate your life, evidence of your life,the Library as a permanent repository. to any outside person," she said. In the The papers include correspondence, end she gave almost everything to thespeeches and other writings, memo- Library except for Jack's love letters,randa, financial records, subject files, which he wrote her every day whilebaseball contracts and other legal she was in college and he was in thedocuments, military records, media Army. Mrs. Robinson said they wereinterviews, transcripts of radio and wonderful letters and beautifully writ-television programs, ephemera, photo- ten, but she wasn't ready to share themgraphs, newspaper clippings and other with the world. "I have them hiddenprinted matter. A major portion of the away so even the children don't know collection is devoted to Robinson's pio- where they are," she confided. neering role in baseball. The corre- "I am excited about the collection's spondence includes letters from a wide finding a home at the Library of Con-range of individuals affiliated with gress ... so that the materials are acces-baseball: officials, fellow players and sible online and in other ways to thesportswriters. Among these are Branch public, and knowing that they will be Rickey, Walter O'Malley, Clyde Suke- properly used and properly preservedforth, Hank Greenberg, Happy Chan- Bob Sandberg that is a great, great relief for me." dler, E.J. Bavasi, Joe L. Brown, Al Cam- California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in Comprehensive in scope, the collec-panis and Joe Reichler. The collection 1939. There Robinson met nursing stu- tion of more than 7,000 items that Rachelalso contains an array of fan mail fromdent Rachel Isum, whom he married in Robinson has given to the Library richly across the United States and abroad. 1946. An outstanding athlete, Robin- chronicles all aspects of Robinson's When Jackie Robinson began hisson lettered in four sports at UCLA: life: the early years through college,rookie season with the Brooklyn Dodg-baseball, football, basketball and track. military service, baseball career, corpo- ers on April 15, 1947, he became theHe withdrew from UCLA in his senior rate career and business interests, civilfirst African American to play majoryear, hoping to relieve some of his rights activities, involvement in poli-league baseball in the 20th century, mother's financial burdens. He worked tics, media activities and humanitarianbreaking down the color line in effectfor the National Youth Administration concerns. The Jackie Robinson Papers since 1876. The son of sharecroppers, as an athletic instructor and also earned also document the evolution of Robin-Jack Roosevelt Robinson (1919-1972)extra money playing football for the son's legacy, represented, in part, by was born on Jan. 31, 1919, near Cairo, Honolulu Bears. a variety of posthumous commemora-Ga., and reared in Pasadena, Calif. He Robinson showed an early interest tions, events and tributes. studied at Pasadena Junior College,in civil rights as a draftee in the Army. The main body of the Jackie Rob-before transferring to the University ofHe was drafted in 1942 and served

250 375 INFORMATION BULLETIN a S.?)

4 an SS opment. He became the vice various political campaigns. president of personnel for the In his later years, Robinson became Chock Full o' Nuts restaurantdisillusioned with the continued lack chain, where he worked dili- of opportunity for African Americans. gently to improve the statusHis health began to d eteriorate rap- of the many lower-level Afri-idly in the 1970s. On Oct. 15, 1972, can Americans employed there. he attended a World Series game in He helped found and servedCincinnati that included a commem- as board chairman for the Free-oration of the 25th anniversary of his dom National Bank, a minority-breaking the color line in professional owned commercial bank basedbaseball. Nine days later, on Oct. 24, in Harlem. He also opened aJarkip Rnhinenn Aio,1 of a heart attack clothing store in Harlem andat his home in Stamford, Conn. laterestablishedtheJackie Among the many public officials rep- Robinson Construction Com-resented in the correspondence are Rich- pany to build affordable hous- ard Nixon, Nelson Rockefeller, Hubert ing for low- and moderate-Humphrey, John Kennedy, Robert Ken- income black families. nedy, Barry Goldwater, Averell Har- Robinson became a ferventriman, Kenneth Keating and Chester

Vanan Ronay advocate of civil rights, publi- Bowles. Also represented are civil rights Ted Spencer, (vice president and chiefcizing his views as a lecturer, leaders such as Lester Granger, Wyatt curator) and Dale Petroskey (president),newspaper columnist, and hostTee Walker, Roy Wilkins, Daisy Lamp- both of the National Baseball Hall ofand guest on radio and tele- kin and Walter White. Fame and Museum, examine materialsvision programs. He worked There is an extensive speech file, cov- from the Jackie Robinson Collection. closely with the National Asso- ering the entire range of Robinson's ciation for the Advancement ofinterests. Many speeches reveal hand- on bases in Kansas and Texas. WithColored People (NAACP), which rec-written revisions and marginalia. The the help of boxer Joe Louis, he suc-ognized him in 1956 with the presti-collection also contains manuscripts of ceeded in opening an Officer Candi-gious Spingarn Medal, awarded annu-the books Robinson wrote with collab- date School (OCS) to black soldiers.ally for the highest achievement by anorators, most notably the biographies, After attending OCS, he was commis-African American. Robinson chairedWait Till Next Year and I Never Had sioned a second lieutenant. At Fortthe NAACP's million-dollar FreedomIt Made. They include correspondence Hood, Texas, Robinson faced a court-Fund Drive in 1957 and was a memberand interviews with his co-authors, martial for refusing to obey an orderof the board of directors unti11967. Heas well as his editorial notes and to move to the back of the bus; healso lent his support to the Southerncomments. In addition, the collection was later exonerated. After he was dis- Christian Leadership Conference, theincludes revised drafts of Robinson's charged from the Army in 1944, Robin-Congress of Racial Equality and thenewspaper columns and the script of son joined the Kansas City MonarchsNational Urban League. the 1980 Broadway musical The First. baseball team of the National Negro Robinson's commitment to racial The Jackie Robinson Papers relate League in the spring of 1945. equality extended to Africa as well. Heto other collections already in the In October1945, Jackie Robinson was had a particular interest in the AfricanLibrary's Manuscript Division. Chief signed by Branch Rickey, presidentindependence movements and soughtamong these are the papers of Branch and general manager of the Brooklyn1-nrrornctP education f^r the next gen-Rickey and Afdiur Mann. iviateriai Dodgers, to play for the Montrealeration of leaders in emerging nationsrelated to Robinson's civil rights activ- Royals of the International League, theon the continent. To this end, he sup-ities can also be found in the records Dodgers' minor league affiliate. Heported the work of the African Ameri-of the NAACP and National Urban went on to lead the Royals to a Littlecan Students Foundation, which spon-League, as well as the papers of Joseph World Series championship in 1946sored African students at AmericanRauh and A. Philip Randolph. and was moved up to the Dodgers incolleges and universities. The Library's Web sites also feature April 1947. During his 10-year career Robinson also worked extensively Robinson. "By Popular Demand: Jackie with the Dodgers, Robinson compiledwith churches and interfaith organi- Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, a .311 lifetime batting average, playedzations. He served as president of the 1860s-1960s," is available from the Amer- in six World Series and stole homeUnited Church Men of the United ican Memory collections at www.loc.gov. 19 times. He also won the NationalChurch of Christ and participated inLook for Robinson on the America's League's Most Valuable Player awardboth the National Council of Churches Library site for kids and families as well, in 1949, when he led the league with aand the National Conference of Chris-in its "Join America at Play" section at .342 batting average and 37 stolen bases. tians and Jews. His many civic activi-www.americaslibrary.gov. He was inducted into the Nationalties included mentoring children and Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, his firstadolescents, especially those involved Ms. Cannon is a specialist in Afro- year of eligibility. in the YMCA. He also participated in American history and culture in the Afterhisretirement,Robinsonnational campaigns to combat drugManuscript Division. Ms. Dalrymple, a engaged in several business venturesaddiction and worked on civil rights senior public affairs specialist in the Public that encouraged black economic devel-and community development issues inAffairs Office, contributed to this story.

NOVEMBER 2001 251 370 0

Z-e NOta A Gift from YUKOS Oil Company Donates $1 Million for Russian Efforts

Billington on Nov. 5 announced serving as Librarian of Congress,"United States to observe firsthand the Lagift of $1 million from the said Dr. Billington, who is aAmerican judicial system. This year YUKOS Oil Company in support prominent scholar of Russiansenior federal judges are serving as of two significant efforts at the Alli history and culture. "Congresshosts to 54 Russian judges in 15 Library focusing on Russia. Dr has been very generous inAmerican communities. Support from Billington and Mikhail Khodor- its support of our effort toYUKOS Oil Co. and other American kovsky, YUKOS Chairman give Russia's next gener-and Russian corporations will allow a and CEO, met today at the ation of leaders a briefsignificant expansion of the program Library to discuss the pro- but intensive profes-in 2002, which has been principally grams that YUKOS's sional and per-supported by federal appropriations of gift will assist. sonal experience$29.8 million since it was first autho- The newly author- of America. Therized in May 1999. ized Center for10 K0 Cgift from YUKOS Dr. Billington is the founding chair- Russian Leadership Oil will furtherman of the Open World Program and Development (permanent successor tothat support and is evidence of the pro-serves as interim chairman of the the successful two-year pilot Opengram's impact in Russia." Board of Trustees of the Center for World Russian Leadership Program) "Firm establishment of the rule ofRussian Leadership Development at will receive $500,000 for its Rule of Law law within the Russian Federation is the Library of Congress. The board has Program. YUKOS Oil has pledged ancritical to our forward movement,"established a bilateral Corporate Advi- additional $500,000 to support longer-said Mr. Khodorkovsky while present-sory Council. Dr. Billington invited term fellowships for Russian scholarsing the gift. "Communication and pro-Mr. Khodorkovsky to join the council, and students with a wide range offessional development for the Russianwhich will operate in 2002 with Amer- interests and leadership potential toand American judiciary through theican and Russian co-chairs. use the vast collections at the LibraryCenter for Russian Leadership Devel- The European Division of the of Congress as an important part ofopment are making a difference, andLibrary, in cooperation with the an academic residency in Washington.I am pleased to support the ongoingOffice of Scholarly Programs and the These two efforts both will help pro-efforts of the Open World Program asnewly established Kluge Center, will vide a new generation of leaders in thewell as other educational initiativesdevelop the fellowship program to Russian Federation. within the Library of Congress." bring young Russian scholars and "YUKOS Oil's leadership gift will In 2000, the Open World Programadvanced students to the Library help realize goals I have pursued whilebrought 103 Russian judges to thebeginning in 2002. Library Names Director of Development avidR. Terry an investmentreach of Library programs to dimension to the Madison Dbanker, has been appointed by thean increasingly wide audi- Council and to look into Librarian to be the Library's directorence throughout the United the development of addi- of development. The appointment wasStates and the world." tional public-private part- effective on Oct. 25. As director of develop- nerships that will increase A native of Charlotte, N.C., Mr. Terryment, Mr. Terry will coordi- the national visibility and has spent his career as an investmentnate all private sector sup- impact of the Library. banker with several major banking firms port initiatives for the Library. "I feel as though I have in New York City and Charlotte. He was Working closely with Library spent my entire career pre- most recently president and chief execu-managers and curators, he Larica Perry paring for the opportunity tive officer of Colby Holdings and Colbywill identify a broad array of DavidTerry to serve the nation's oldest Capital in Charlotte. projects that can benefit from federal cultural institution "David brings to the Library a strongprivate support and then develop ave-and am especially proud to work business acumen and a broad knowledgenues for securing that support. under Dr. James Billington," said Mr. of private sector fund-raising and invest- He will also work closely with theTerry. "The Library staff has done ment strategies," said Dr. Billington. "He Madison Council to initiate and under-a tremendous amount of work to will provide the kind of strong, ener-write Library programs and projects thatdevelop the wonderful relationships getic and innovative support to Librarycannot be funded through annual con-currently in place with members of managers and to the Library's privategressional appropriations. A primarythe Madison Council, and I look for- sector advisory group, the James Madi-focus will be to build on efforts alreadyward to working closely with the staff son Council, that will help extend the out- under way to add an internationalto develop new ones." 252 375' INFORMATION BULLETIN () Lein, security (library re Congress) 013 El Safe and Sound erin rue 3 Library Launches Security Site Library Security

Securey of Ma collections, staff. and Welton in the Library of Congress istop enemy of the intlation. dl the same tare, the Leteary maintains es traditionalist's as an ope11 . public holey he Library of Congress has devel-about the Library's security ngaged in making ns resources wadable to ths Muiliten people. The pumas. of this Web sit. is to preede to uubfic true intimation oped a security awareness Webpractices and requirements Tho poke CO3,3111'matoons , about the Library's security practices and requiem's., panic-Wady T Center, slatted Cy rrtembote ol tee those that affect e reader's as of On library's feeding moms and 1.11raly el Cong.. PekeFOICO. other reesarch nobles. site to inform public users about thedeveloped during the past st:oCatcaat0,Wao to

Division in the Congressional Researchof the Library. 1:7,`,...41)1Library el Conroe Service, and chair of the Security The security awareness Comenente. &OM:MX= (*earthen I. 2013I ) Awareness Subcommittee. "It providesWeb site includes informa- public users with a central location totion on topics ranging from readerare used to illustrate and emphasize access all relevant Library of Congressregistration and entry-exit procedures a number of topics. A list of key secu- security information." to video surveillance in the readingrity contacts is provided, and there The new Web site was developedrooms and restrictions on personalare links to general Library researcher to provide users with informationbelongings. In addition, photographsinformation sources. Power and Performance Library Web Access Faster than Most

By SHERYL CANNADY published results from a study of 40 popular fed- Recentlyeral government Web sites show that the Library's Web The Library of Congress pages are consistently delivered to Internet users as fast as /womb THE CATAL04 I SEARCH OUR WESsat IAROUT OUR SIT5 the very fastest in government and industry. SHOP 5ITE MAP I GIVING I 24.el I TODAY IN HISTORY 1 Federal Computer Week has ranked the Library at or near Azit.,FOLLECTIONS the top of the Keynote Government 40 Internet Performance & SERVICES For Researchers. libraries & the Pub& Index (KG40) every week since initiating the reports last Sep- tember. "We are quite happy with the test results; especially THO AMERICAN since Keynote is the worldwide leader in Internet perfor- 7:Legisladve MEMORY Information American History in mance testing," said Mike Handy, acting director of Informa- Words, Sound & Pkosres tion Technology Services (ITS). RICA'S The Keynote Government 40 Internet Performance Index LIBRARY COPYRIGHTal Fun site (O,JQdS OFTICE measures the average response time of accessing and down- Forms & Infotmador loading the home pages of 40 major federal government Web 9 sites. The Library was ranked second in performance during EXHIBITIONS THE LIBRARY ,An Online Gallery / News, TODAY the week of Oct. 29 to Nov. 12 and third during the week of Oct. ,01/4 Events, & More 22. Users were able to access the site in less than a second (0.55). HELP fiolida9 According to the Keynote Business 40 Internet Performance 41; ( FAQs Gifts Index, if the Library were competing in the business sector, it General Informawn

would outperform Alta Vista (0.65), Compaq (0.81), Dun and 101 INDEPENDENCE AVENUE, &E. WASHINGTON. D.C. 20540 Bradstreet (0.92), 3Com (1:03), Apple (1.06), IBM (1.21) and (202) 707.5000 Charles Schwab (1.22). COMMENTS, kw,501ocaop New. Rend OA 4,2,0 Notices Ms. Cannady is a writer-editor in Information Technology Services.

NOVEMBER 2001 37@ 253 'Human Nature and the Power of Culture' Margaret Mead Exhibition Opens

By MARY WOLFSKILL AND PATRICIA FRANCIS he Library of Congress is commemorating the 100th anniversary of Tthe birth of the noted anthropologist Margaret Mead (1901-1978) with an exhibition that will feature materials from her vast collection, includ- ing manuscripts, diaries, letters, field notes, drawings, photographs, sound recordings and film. The collection came to the Library as a bequest, the result of a meeting in 1965 between Margaret Mead and John C. Broderick, who was, at that time, a specialist in American cultural history in the Manuscript Division. Reporting on his visit with Mead, Broderick noted that "there is a great deal of correspondence. Since anthropologists are in the field so much, there is no opportunity to do business by telephone. They are the single professional group, she [Mead] feels, who continue to write letters." The Mead Collection is housed primarily in the Manuscript Division as well as the Prints and Photographs, and Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound divisions. The Mead collection totals more than 500,000 items and is one of the largest for a single individual in the Library of Congress. It touches on every aspect of her life and docu- ments her childhood, career and lifelong interests. This exhibition is designed to convey the scope of Margaret Mead's interests and accomplishments, the substance of her work, as well as the range of responses to her work. The exhibition shows how Margaret Mead, born into a family of educators and home-schooled for much of her childhood, learned early to be a keen observer of the world around her. Her skills were honed through formal education, including stud- r-14 ies with prominent social scientists at Barnard College and Columbia University in the 1920s. The largest segment of the exhibition focuses on Mead's field work in Samoa, Papua New Guinea and Bali, from which she drew many of her ideas. By bringing these cultures and her ideas to a mass audience, she helped to popularize the notion that there are - many different ways of organizing human experience. The discipline of anthropology involves the study of human culture, the socially shared learned system of beliefs, values, customs, language and material goods necessary for 4 people to function as members of a particular social group. Anthropological issues and methodologies, such as the nature-nurture debate, will be 4,, 4 , < `'"7. o explored in the exhibition by considering the problems and concerns that attracted Mead's ) \) research interest. The exhibi- tion also addresses the recep- "Margaret Mead: Human Nature and the Power of Culture" is on view tion of her work by the public through May 2002 in the Northwest Pavilion of the Thomas Jefferson Building, of the day and by popular and 10 First St. S.E. Hours are 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday. An scholarly critics both then and online preview of the exhibition is available at www.loc.govlexhibitslmead. now. Finally, it reviews the This exhibition represents many years of work by both Library of Congress staff ways in which she promoted and outside scholars, including Interpretive Programs Officer Irene Chambers, anthropology and applied Exhibition Director Carroll Johnson, with curators Patricia Francis and Mary her research to timely topics, Wolfskill; scholars Jerome Handler of the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities; such as childhood educa- Margaret Caffrey of the University of Memphis; Deborah Gerwertz of Amherst tion, intergenerational com- College; Laura Nader of the University of California at Berkeley; Bradd Shore of munication, gender differ- Emory University; and Virginia Yans-McLaughlin of Rutgers University. ences, technological change < Go and ecological issues. _' (7" -7

254 370 INFORMATION BULLETIN * Shaping Forces The exhibition consists of three major sections. The first of these, "Shaping Forces," explores major cultural fac- tors that influenced Marga- ret Mead during her for- mative years. One of the best-documented lives in the Manuscript Division is that of Mead. The collection dates to the mid-19th century with papers of Mead's grandpar- ents, who were schoolteach- ers in the Midwest. Her par- ents' letters and writings are also among the papers. Her father, Edward Sherwood Mead, was a professor at the Wharton School of Finance of the University of Penn- sylvania, while her mother, Emily Fogg Mead, pursued graduate work in sociology 1 Reo Fortune at the University of Chicago, where the two met. TheyMargaret Mead self-portrait completed around the age of 13, ca. 1914-15; Mead were products of the Pro-carrying a Manus child on her back in New Guinea, 1928 gressive era in America, when academ-characteristics of Margaret at the age ofences instead, studying psychology. ics and social reformers were optimis-6. Emily Mead noted that her daughterAfter taking classes in anthropology tic that social problems could be solved was "affectionate," "helpful," "continu- with Franz Boas (1858-1942), often con- by the application of the social sci-ally asking questions," "always busy at sidered the "father of modern Amer- ences. something," "very bright and origi-ican anthropology," and his teaching nal" and showed "great determinationassistant, (1887-1948), Home Life and perseverance when [she] wantsshe decided to become an anthropol- Margaret Mead's early home life,anything." Mead was mostly home-ogist. Mead was impressed by Boas's with emphases on education and socialschooled through the fourth grade with brilliance and taken by the urgency of issues, exerted a pronounced influenceher paternal grandmother, who livedthe task Boas and Benedict set out on her later life and career. In later with the family, as her primary teacher.for herto document cultures before years, she received criticism for encour- One of Mead's childhood diaries, writ-they disappeared in the face of contact aging traditional cultures to adoptten in 1911 at the age of 9 during awith the modern world. Benedict, Western ways in the name of prog-summer on Nantucket Island, Mass.,who began as Mead's mentor, would ress. As an anthropologist, Margaretwill be on display, as well as a self-por- become a longtime colleague, intimate Mead sought to apply the principles oftrait drawn at tho friend and confidante. anthropology and the social sciences to Documenting Mead's interest in pur- addressing social problems and issues, Choosing a Career suing a career in anthropology is a 1923 such as world hunger, childhood edu- After a largely disappointing year at letter to her grandmother in which cation and mental health. She was con-DePauw University in Indiana, MeadMead writes: "... Anthropology is at tinually observing and gathering infor-transferred to the all-women's Barnard present my chief enthusiasm. Mrs. mation in all kinds of settings. College in New York City in 1920. New Benedict belongs to a press committee Margaret Mead's early training in theYork was a vibrant city at the centerwhich tries to popularize Anthropol- skills of observation and information-of the excitement of the Roaring '20s,ogy and make at least a few of its ideas gathering came from her grandmotherwith a lot to offer an ambitious youngcommon coin." and her mother, who filled notebooks woman. Women's colleges such as Bar- Mead goes on to mention Benedict's with observations about Margaret, thenard flourished in this period. By therecent writing about "Cups of Clay," first born. Margaret was treated as amid-1920s, seven women's collegesbased on her field work with native unique individual within her familyBarnard, Vassar, Smith, Mount Holy- Americans in Southern California, and rather than as just a child, and thisoke, Radcliffe, Wellesley and Brynrepeating something told to her by one inspired confidence and curiosity. SheMawrhad formed the cooperativeof her informants: "In the beginning learned, from being observed, that to beSeven Colleges Conference, betterthere was given to every people a cup observed was, as she recalled late inknown as the Seven Sisters, to advanceof clay. And from this cup they drank her life, "an act of love." Among thewomen's education. their life. Our cup is broken." items on display is one of the notebooks Mead began as an English major but Mead asked if this was "not a quaint in which Emily Fogg Mead describeseventually decided on the social sci-and poetic way of characterizing the

NOVEMBER 2001 255 )1A 3 alb Mead and Reo Fortune in Pere Village, New Guinea, 1928; Mead conducting a group of three Arapesh males playing native flutes in New Guinea, ca. 1932

whole culture of the Indians or any nesia. She focused in all of these studies was published in more than a dozen edi- other people for that matter?" She wenton the relation between the individual tions in a variety of languages and made on to write that anthropology was anand culture, particularly in the trans- Mead famous. One of the reasons for the important career, because "modern civi- mission of culture to children. Meadpopularity of the book was that Mead lization is killing off primitive cultures sought to understand how people withhad revised the introduction and condu- so fast; in a hundred years there willparticular innate temperaments func-sion of her original manuscript, adding be no primitive people. The work is so tion in cultures that emphasize dif- two chapters that dealt directly with the urgent and there are so few people whoferent aspects of the human potential. implications of her findings for child even understand the importance of theAmong her pioneering researches wererearing in the United States. work, let alone being willing to do it." those that looked at different cultural Though it was a popular success and One of the last items in this section ofexpectations for male and female, anhas been used in numerous undergrad- the exhibition is a copy of Mead's doc-early attempt at understanding what uate anthropology dasses, Coming of Age toral dissertation, An Inquiry into theare now called "gender roles." Mead in Samoa has received varying degrees Question of Cultural Stability in Polyne- was one of the earliest American of criticism over the years. Some of her sia. Considered a library dissertation, anthropologists to apply techniquesresults have been called into question it was completed before she embarked and theories from modern psychologyby other anthropologists. Among other on her first field trip to Samoa. to understanding culture and to applythings, she has been criticized for overly these ideas to women and children. romanticizing Samoan life and down- To the Field and Back playing evidence contrary to her main The second section, "To the FieldThe Adolescent Girl argument. In addition, some Samoans and Back," focuses on Margaret Mead's When Margaret Mead journeyed tohave found her depiction of Samoan ado- pre-World War II anthropological fieldthe South Pacific territory of Americanlescent sexuality offensive. Underlying work in the South Pacific. Mead's pro-Samoa in 1925, she sought to discoversome of the criticism is the nature-nur- fessor Franz Boas sent generations of hiswhether adolescence was a universallyture debate in which scientists argued students to the field to document pre- traumatic and stressful time due to bio-and continue to argueover the extent literate and small-scale cultures whose logical factors, or whether the experienceto which a human being is the product traditional way of life was changingof adolescence depended on one's cul- of nature or of cultural forces. due to contact with the modem world.tural upbringing. After spending about Boas wanted Mead, with her back-nine months working in Samoa and Manus: Childhood Thought ground in psychology to study Native administering psychological tests, Mead On the boat returning from Samoa, American adolescents. She wanted toconcluded that adolescence was not aMead met her second husband, Reo go to Polynesia, the culture area she had stressful time for girls in Samoa, because Fortune, a New Zealander headed to researched for her doctoral dissertation.Samoan cultural patterns were very dif-Cambridge, England, to study psy- They compromised, and she went to ferent from those in the United States. chology. They were married in 1928, American Samoa. Her findings were published in Comingafter Mead divorced her first husband, Between 1925, when she set out forof Age in Samoa (1925), a vivid, descrip- Luther Cressman. Fortune and Mead Samoa, and 1939, Mead studied seven tive account of Samoan adolescent life traveled together to Pere, a small village cultures in the South Pacific and Indo-that became tremendously popular. Iton the island of Manus, in what was

256 INFORMATION BULLETIN 4- 309 0

O. then the Admiralty Islands and is now downplayed or disregarded part of Papua New Guinea. Mead, whoinformation that may have wanted to study the thought processesmade simple classifications of children in preliterate cultures, asked more difficult. the children of Pere to prepare drawings In the later stages of the for her. On the tripshe rnllorta,-1 35,000 Sepik trip, Mead and Fortune pieces of children's artwork. Contrary to encountered British anthro- prevailing thought, she discovered thatpologist Gregory Bateson, what is considered childlike in thoughtwho was studying the Iatmul varies according to the emphases of thepeople. The three worked to culture. In a culture such as Manus's, develop a systematic expla- where the supernatural permeatesnation of the relationships everyday life, Mead found that children between cultures and per- show no particular interest in the super- sonality types. Mead dis- natural in their drawings. They focuscovered such an intellectual instead on realistic depictions of thebond and temperamental world around them. She published heraffinity with Bateson that findings in Growing Up in New Guineashe eventually divorced For- (1930), a book for a general audience.tune and married Bateson. But, as with her Samoan research, she also published a technical monographBali: Personality on Manus for her peers, titled Kinship in Formation the Admiralty Islands (1934). Mead and Bateson were married in 1936 in Singapore Sex and Temperament as they headed to do field After a field trip to Nebraska in 1930 work in Bali in the Neth- to study the Omaha, she and her hus-erlands East Indies (todayAnthropologists Reo Fortune, Margaret band, Reo Fortune, next headed to theIndonesia). In this pioneer-Mead and Gregory Bateson, July 1933 Sepik region of Papua New Guineaing work in visual anthro- for two years. While there, Meadpology they used a variety of methodslatmul: Personality Formation II did pioneering work on gender con-to explore the role of culture in person- Before returning to the United States, sciousness. She sought to discoverality formation. Mead and Bateson traveled to New to what extent temperamental differ- They documented Balinese culture inGuinea to test in a different culture the ences between the sexes were cultur-extensive field notes and through thefield work technique they had devel- ally determined rather than innate. innovative use of still photographs andoped in Bali. They spent approximately She described her findings in Sex and motion picture film. Collaborating withsix months observing, photographing Temperament in Three Primitive Societiesother Westerners living in Bali and withand filming the Iatmul of the Middle (1935) and explored the subject moreBalinese secretary-informants, Mead and Sepik for their comparative study of deeply in the next decade with MaleBateson produced multiple layers of doc-the connections between child-rearing and Female (1949). umentation of such behaviors as parent-practices and adult personality. They Mead found a different pattern of malechild interactions, ritual performancesselected the Iatmul because Bateson and female behavior in each of the cul-and ceremonies, and artists at work. In had previously studied them and Mead tures she studied, all different from sexaddition to other objects, they collectedwas familiar with the cull. oi eS of the role expecialions in the United StatesBalinese art from adults and childrenregion. Due to the onset of World War at that time. She found among theand acquired more than 1,200 pieces.II, very little was ever published from Arapesh a temperament for both malesAmong the works they produced fromthese 1938 Iatmul materials. and females that was gentle, responsive their research in Bali are the film "Trance Items on display in this section of and cooperative. Among the Mundu-and Dance in Bali" (1952) and the book the exhibition include recent additions gumor (now Biwat), both males and Balinese Character: A Photographic Analysis to the Mead Collection, including pre- females were violent and aggressive, (1942). The latter contains a selection ofviously unavailable correspondence seeking power and position. For the 759 still photographs, arranged themati-while Mead was in Samoa between her Tcharnbuli (now Chambri), male andcally to illustrate theoretical points aboutand her close friend and mentor Ruth female temperaments were distinct fromthe culture and Balinese character forma-Benedict; the letter Mead's supervising each other, the woman being dominant, tion. They used photographs to show, for professor Franz Boas sent her shortly impersonal and managerial and the male instance, how children learned physicalbefore her departure for Samoa, tell- less responsible and more emotionallyskills passively by having their bodiesing her which research questions she dependent. While Mead's contributionmoved into the necessary positions byshould keep in mind while in the field; in separating biologically based sex from their teachers. and a photograph of Mead's room at socially constructed gender was ground- While this field work is still consid-the naval dispensary on the island of breaking, she was criticized for the neat- ered groundbreaking, it has been criti-T'au in American Samoa. Her decision ness of the categories she described. Forcized, particularly for not accountingto live there instead of in a Samoan Mead each culture represented a dif-sufficiently for the role of religion inhousehold has been a point of criticism ferent type within her theory, and sheBalinese culture. of her Samoan work.

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years to take notes incessantly, filling nearly 200 volumes of notebooks on her everyday activities. In the 1960s and 1970s, Mead was easily identified by a tall, forked walk- ing stick, which she began using after recovering from a break in a chroni- cally weak ankle in 1960, and a trade- mark cape. In addition to being widely recognized, Mead became an increas- ingly controversial figure in this period and was criticized by some for offering her views on many different contem- porary topics. When Mead died in 1978, she was widely eulogized. Sen. Jacob K. Javits (D-N.Y.) recalled her lasting contribu- tion in a eulogy in the : "Margaret Mead lives on. She is with us in the brilliant studies she con- ducted on human behavior; she lives

Gregory Bateson on in the many books she has authore- Mead reaching out to a Balinese child, ca. 1937 d...her ideas thrive in the minds of her students whom she stimulated with Visitors will also see in this sectionping of the atomic bomb on Japan byher zeal and zest for the search for a 1968 letter Margaret Mead sent tothe United States in 1945 as a defin-knowledge and truth. ..." Derek Freeman, one of the most per-ing moment in human history, sym- sistent critics of her Samoan work,bolizing man's ability to destroy him-National Character responding to some of his questions self. This peril and the resulting global The shift in Mead's work brought on and criticisms; children's drawingsinterdependence were major themesby the onset of World War II began in from New Guinea and Bali; and ain her writings for the rest of her life.1939, when she and Bateson returned field notebook from Bali in which sheAlso in this section are playing cardsto the United States:, she was preg- recorded information on the medicalfrom a board game designed bynant, and their daughter, Mary Cath- care she provided to people there. It Margaret Mead and Mr. Bateson; Bali-erine Bateson, was born that Decem- also includes a letter she sent to hernese and American children's draw-ber. In this period, the couple prepared future husband Reo Fortune in theings depicting Sputnik; a notebooktheir Balinese materials for publica- 1920s, raising the question that was toin which Mead wrote during the lasttion and turned their attention to using underlie the work she did for the restweeks of her life; and a second audio-their professional skills to assist the of her career: "When does an Indianvideo kiosk with video footage featur-Allied war effort in the United States. become an Indian?" ing Mead on television talk shows andThey contributed their expertise as An audio-video kiosk in the exhibi-in other taped public appearances. social scientists to groups that applied tion will feature still and moving-pic- The World War II period marked athe behavioral sciences to such things ture film from work that Mead con-shift in Mead's work. Increasingly sheas problems of morale in wartime. ducted in Bali and New Guinea withpaid more attention to contemporary,Early in 1942, Mead went to Washing- her third husband, Gregory Bateson,so-called "complex," cultures, includ-ton, D.C., to head the National Research and that she used to analyze variousing that of the United States, andCouncil's Committee on Food Habits, aspects of child development andless time to field work among distantwhich applied anthropological meth- acculturation. An early student of bodycultures. She began commenting onods to problems of food distribution language and gesture, Mead was inter-issues of concern to American societyand preparation in war-affected coun- ested in such things as the way chil-directly. One of Mead's major inter-tries. Also as part of the war effort, dren were held and carried in differentests in the war and postwar periodin 1942 Mead published And Keep cultures. was the issue of global interdepen-Your Powder Dry, a book on American dence, and she became increasinglynational character. "Learning to Live in One World" involved in international organiza- During World War II, anthropolo- Margaret Mead's role as a publictions working with global humangists used the techniques they had media figure and her contribution toissues. In addition to her continueddeveloped in small-scale societies to issues of global significance are con-writing of popular books and maga-analyze the "national character" of so- sidered in the final section, "Learningzine articles, she traveled frequentlycalled complex societies. Authors of to Live in One World." Among the within the United States and overseas.these studies sought to understand the objects for this section isa pageShe lectured to various groups, didcultural patterns of nation-states such remaining from a book manuscriptradio interviews and, from the earlyas Great Britain, Germany, Japan and Mead destroyed after the explosion ofyears of the new medium, appearedthe Soviet Union, largely through indi- the atomic bomb. She saw the drop-on television. Mead continued in theserect methods rather than by traveling

258 INFORMATION BULLETIN S7414. 'ts/ 3 3 tr 0

to those countries. By gathering infor- mation from immigrants to the United I ' States, as well as from published sources and films, they studied cul- ss, ture "at a distance." Such research was :10/./Tri used to guide government and military 1 policy, to further cooperation among wartime allies and to plan for a post- war world. Similar studies continued after the war with the Research in Contemporary Cultures project, which was led by Mead after Ruth Benedict's dea th in 1948. National character studies in the war and postwar period were subsequently criticized by scholars for such things as their homogeneity and overgener- alization. These studies, some funded directlyby government agencies, marked a new stage in the continuing Shan Segal relationship between social scientistsMead in Hancock, N.H., on May 26, 1975, during the filming of the and the U.S. government, a relation-USIA's "Reflections" ship that would become increasingly controversial in the 1960s. Mead as a Cultural Commentator ingly interested in the 1960s and 1970s in Beginning with Coining of Age in ecological issues and in the field of ekis- Technology and Social Change Samoa, Margaret Mead applied thetics, the study of human settlements. Mead was profoundly affected byknowledge she gained from her fieldShe testified before numerous congres- the bombing of Hiroshima and theexpeditions to a better understandingsional committees and worked for the dawning of the nuclear age in 1945. Atof American life. She observed and United Nations through various nongov- the time, she was working on a bookcommented on American societyernmental organizations. called Learning to Live in One World,often insightfully, sometimes controver- Mead died of cancer on Nov. 15, which dealt with planning for lifesiallyand explained cultural patterns1978, working until her final days. One in a postwar world. She claimed tothat affected the ways people behaved of her last concerns was congressional have destroyed the almost-completedand communicated. By the early 1960s,passage of child nutrition legislation. book manuscript because the advent ofMead had become widely regarded as nuclear weapons rendered the contentsa vocal commentator on contemporaryAfterward: Derek Freeman and out of date. The book was never pub-American life. In her remaining years,Margaret Mead lished, but a page from it is on displayshe spoke and wrote to popular audi- In 1983, five years after Margaret in the exhibition. ences on a wide range of subjects,Mead's death, Harvard University Applying her anthropological skills,including the generation gap, aging, thePress published a book by Derek Free- Mead gathered information on people'snuclear family, education, the environ-man (1916-2001), a professor at the Aus- reactions to the atomic bomb. She incor-ment, race, poverty, women's rights andtralian National University, that chal- porated their views into her work as sexual behavior. Ovpr Qtifa devoted lcngcd the accuracy of Mend's findings she sought a model for living in aincreasing amounts of time to travelingin Coming of Age in Samoa. The book, radically changed world, a world inaround the United States and otherMargaret Mead and Samoa: The Making which human beings could destroycountries to lecture and appear on radioand Unmaking of an Anthropological themselves. In addition to concernand television programs. She soughtMyth, received widespread media over humanitarian issues and growingaudience questions at her public appear- attention in the United States. It became involvement in international organiza-ances and used them as part of hera prominent case study in the continu- tions, in this period she became increas-research on American culture, writinging battle over the relative importance ingly interested in the public percep-and lecturing, as she once said, "into aof "nature vs. nurture." tion of science and in space exploration. state of mind." Freeman, who had corresponded Haunted by the specter of nuclear war, Mead addressed the public from a vari- with Mead during her lifetime and Mead focused in the remaining years ofety of platforms. The most enduring ofquestioned her on some of her methods her life on finding new ways to livethese was the American Museum of Nat-and results in Samoa, argued that Mead and thrive in a world transformed byural History in New York City, where she had made errors in her Samoan work. new forms of technology. Mead had had been hired in 1926 to make anthro- He wrote that she misunderstood the been interested in cultural stability and pology accessible to the public. She alsoculture in her effort to bring her profes- change since her student days, andtaught at a number of institutions ofsor Franz Boas the answers he wanted the rapid pace of social change and its higher learning, and wrote and lecturedto prove his theory of cultural deter- impact on relations between the genera-for many speciali7ed and professionalminism. Among other things, Freeman tions was a major theme in Mead's post-audiences. With her concern for build-argued that Mead ignored the violent war writings. ing a better future, Mead became increas- continued on page 261

NOVEMBER 2001 259 adqi Not Just Tillow'Talk Roger Wilkins on the Founding Fathers

BY ARDIE MYERS Justice Thurgood Marshall and oger Wilkins, who spoke at his daughter Amy Wilkins. Rthe Library on Sept. 25, has Du Bois explains in The Souls of led a remarkable life. He has par- Black Folks the duality that African ticipated at the highest levels of Americans often face, the feeling American government and soci- of "two-nessas an American, a ety and was a prominent player Negro, two souls, two thoughts, in many of the major events of two unreconciled strivings, the our time. He has been actively 'soul at war with the spirit." involved in the civil rights move- That description, Mr. Wilkins says, ment (he is the nephew of Roy applies to him too. He often views Wilkins, former executive secre- life in an ambivalent way, seeing tary of the National Association things as a black man and as for the Advancement of Colored others view him. People) and is a Pulitzer Prize- Thurgood Marshall, the winning journalist for his Water- Supreme Court Justice, and a gate editorials, a former director Charlynn Spencer Pre family friend and mentor, a "thor- of the Community Relations Ser- Roger Wilkins oughgoing patriot," always puz- vice in the Kennedy and Johnson zled him in his admiration and administrations and a leader in the Freeeased the lives of the slave-owning Vir- reverence for the founders. How could South Africa movement. Currently,ginia founders. Slaves provided theMarshall show such affection for the he is the Clarence J. Robinson Pro-support that gave their owners the lei-founding fathers, knowing they held fessor of History and American Cul-sure to conceive and express demo-slaves? ture at George Mason University andcratic ideals. Without slaves, he states, In addition, a story lodged in his a member of the District of Columbiathe revered founders would not havememory of a tour he took of George school board. been able to conceive, create and carryWashington's with his His new book, Jefferson's Pillow: Theout the principles they put forth in thewife and daughter in 1964 or 1965. Founding Fathers and the Dilemma ofDeclaration of Independence, the BillThroughout the extensive tour, there Black Patriotism, presents an incisiveof Rights and the Constitution, whichwas no mention of slaves or of how and provocative analysis of the livesultimately enabled blacks to rise abovethe slaves made the place work. Seeing of four founding fathers: George Wash-their circumstances. the sign "The Quarters," Mr. Wilkins's ington, George Mason, James Madison Yet,the founding fatherslived6-year-old daughter, Amy, wanted to and Thomas Jefferson. according to the verities of their timeknow, "What was the 'quarters'? When The book discusses their relationsand place, Mr. Wilkins declared. AllMr. Wilkins replied that the quarters with blacks and their thoughts aboutfour patriots were Virginians, andwas where the slaves lived, Amy, out- slavery. The book also asks, "Howthe Virginia economy was based on raged, loudly roared: George Washing- should blacks view the founders andtobacco, a crop that required a readyton had slaves? Well, what's so great why should blacks admire them?" supply of land and labor. At first, whiteabout him, then?" In a noon lecture and book-signingindentured servants provided the labor Mr. Wilkins argues that the story of event on Sept. 25, Mr. Wilkins com-during their tenure of seven years. blacks has been so diminished that their mented on the book's inception andBut by 1546, poor whites had begunroles in American history have been provided an overview of its contentsto resent the harsh, rugged life they"expunged." What the founders did, to a capacity audience in the Madisonlived and released their frustrationshe says, pervades the American culture Building's Mumford Room. The lecturein Bacon's Rebellion. Soon after, theand led to segregated restaurants, hotels was one in a series of programs spon-ruling classes formed an alliance withand barber shops. And there is still a sored by the Humanities and Socialpoor whites that rewarded them withtendency by many white Americans to Sciences Division. the privileges of "whiteness." The soci- resist "elemental justice." The book's title, Jefferson's Pillow, is ety then relegated blacks to the perma- All of these things figured in Mr. based on a statement attributed to Jef-nent status of enslavement. Wilkins's attempts to discover what ferson that his first memory as a child After 50 years of service in publickind of people the founders really were: was of being carried on a pillow byaffairs Mr. Wilkins felt it was not pre- "Who were they before they became tall slaves on horseback. For Mr. Wilkins, itsumptuous of him to seek answers tomen? Why were they able to proclaim was a perfect metaphor for the posi-questions that have confounded him democracy while condoning slavery?" tion that African Americans played inthroughout his life. Jefferson's Pillow George Mason was older than the the founders' lives. Mr. Wilkins con-answers some of his questions. Hisother Virginians. He was a retired wid- tends that slaves served as cushionsidea for the book was influenced byower with a number of children to that puffed up the reputations and W.E.B. Du Bois, former Supreme Court support at the time of the Revolution.

260 INFORMATION BULLETIN 3b5 c z

Mason had railed against slavery, had drafted the Virginia Declaration of Rights and had insisted that people's rights be included in the Constitution. And his thinking finally led to the Bill of Right-Q thAt ic now ir, the Consti- tution. However, Mason left the Con- stitutional Convention without sign- ing the document because it failed to address slavery. Yet, Mason willed his slaves to his children along with his cattle and furniture. James Madison, the youngest of the group, is depicted as a "prodigious intellect," a hard-working legislator who pored through numerous national constitutions to find an appropriate one for the new nation. Madison was not a slave master like the others, Mr. Wilkins maintains. In contrast, when Charlynn Spencer Pyne questioned about his decision to freeMr. Wilkins signs a book for Adrienne Cannon, Afro-American history his slave Billy, Madison replied: "Howand culture specialist in the Manuscript Division. could I have denied him the rights we have been so eloquent about?" Yetbe "uglier," "smellier" and "dumber" dela and Washington had similar traits. Mr. Wilkins states, Madison never tookthan others, Mr. Wilkins said. For allEach was able, liked by almost every- steps to eliminate slavery. of Jefferson's piety, Mr. Wilkins noted,one, not a great speaker but able to lead Mr. Wilkins finds more difficultyhe was a harsh slave owner. Jeffersonhis country to independence. in dealing with Thomas Jefferson. railed against miscegenation while evi- This was also when Mr. Wilkins real- Although he praises Jefferson for hisdence suggests he might have beenized that he himself was a true Amer- authorship of the Declaration of Inde-participating in it. When questionedican patriot. He identified with the pendence, he maintains that slaves about the elimination of slavery, Jeffer-country. He identified with its people: enabled Jefferson to be the "poet ofson could only reply: "What we needB.B. King as well as Isaac Stern; Jackie freedom." They allowed him the lei-to do is get white replacements." Robinson and Cal Ripken. When he sure to write, to reflect and to engage in Mr. Wilkins says that when he waswas young, people often told him: "Go lavish living. Despite his dependencefortunate enough to be named coordi-back to Africa, or "Go back where upon them, Jefferson was not kind innator of Nelson Mandela's 1990 trip to you came from." However, Mr. Wilkins his description of blacks. In his NotesAmerica, he realized the true charac- declared he is not an African. He could on Virginia, Jefferson found blacks toter of George Washington. Mr. Man-go back to Kansas City; he could go back to Michigan; he could go back to Mead the culture and sexual freedom of the Harlem. Those are all of his places and continued from page 259 girls there. Freeman's claims were they are all American. again challenged by other research- From his research on the founders aspects of Samoan life; didnnth Ave ers. I.-lc dicd on July 6, 2001,and and their Cull-are, Mr. Wilkins reaiized a sufficient background inor give scholars continue to debate the issues that the founders were people who had enough emphasis tobiology, didraised by this controversy. been "damaged" by their culture. What not spend enough time in Samoa In spite of the Mead-Freeman con- the founders did was truly remarkable. and did not know the Samoan lan-troversy, Mead's work continues to They created documents that provide guage well. Freeman's charges didbe studied and republished. Mead "traction" in American life and make it not go unchallenged. Other research- made a conscious effort to preserve possible for change to occur. He came ers have argued that he overempha- her papers, photographs and motion to conclude that both Thomas Jefferson sized the violent and competitivepicture film for future generations. and Thurgood Marshall were responsi- aspects of Samoan life, quoted MeadThese documents provide research- ble for the person he is today; that there selectively and studied a differenters with an the opportunity to make is no perfect place or perfect people. part of Samoa at a later time. in-depth analyses of Mead and her Mr. Wilkins said he lives his life Freeman subsequently publishedwork and to derive their own con- according to a simple guideline: If one other books and articles on Mead'sclusions about her research. of his slave ancestors should ask him, Samoan researches, most notably "Boy, what did you do with your free- The Fateful Hoaxing of Margaret Mead Ms. Wolfskill and Ms. Francis are dom?" he wants to be able to reply (1999). In that book Freeman argued curators of this exhibition. Ms. Wolfskill that Jefferson's Pillow is part of what he that Mead had been lied to by two is head of the Manuscript Division achieved. of her informants in Samoa and thus Reading Room. Ms. Francis is a came to erroneous conclusions about Margaret Mead scholar. Ms. Myers is a reference specialist in the Humanities and Social Sciences Division.

NOVEMBER 2001 261 &d.t: ff Fellow a mei o Li rary Research Post

Cylvia Rodgers Albro of the National Gallery of Art; and i.....YBook and Paper Section in Hugh Heclo, Clarence J. Robin- the Conservation Division, has son Professor of Public Affairs, been selected as the Library's first George Mason University, and a Kluge Staff Fellow. The Librar- member of the Library's Schol- ian announced the selection at the ars' Council. Scholars' Council luncheon held Theselection committee on Oct. 11. praised the staff proposals for Ms. Albro will begin her res- their range of intellectual activ- idency in the Library's Kluge ity and diverse and imaginative Center beginning on Jan. 1. For a use of the Library's collections. period of up to nine months, "The Kluge Center Staff Advi- she will research the history of sory Working Group has done a hand paper-making in Fabriano, wonderful job in moving quickly Italy, from the 13th century to to formulate criteria for the staff the present. In addition, she will fellowship competition, review document and photograph the submitted applications and for- rich array of materials made with ward them to the external panel Fabriano papers found through- for its recommendation. I am out the Library's collections. extremely pleased with how Ms. Albrofirst joined the smoothly and professionally this Library staff in 1984 as a paper first competition was conducted," conservator. She graduated said Carolyn Brown, assistant magna cum laude from the Uni- librarian for Library Services. versity of Santa Clara, Calif. The next Kluge Staff Fel- (1978), with a bachelor's degree lowship competition will be in fine arts and Italian. She Chnsfina Tyler Wenks announced in mid-November. received a master's degree in fineSylvia Rodgers Albro places a modern, hand-Applications will be due by close arts and a certificate of advancedmade Italian paper on a lightboard to showof business on Feb. 14, 2002. A study in conservation from theits watermarks. briefing for interested staff will Cooperstown Graduate Program be held in early December. Addi- in the Conservation of Historic and Ms. Albro's proposal was selectedtional information about the Kluge Artistic Works, State University at from a pool of highly qualified projectsStaff Fellowship can be obtained from Oneonta, N.Y. (1982). She is the author submitted by Library staff. These 21the Office of Scholarly Programs, of articles and chapters in severalstaff applications were reviewed andLA-5255, or by calling 7-3302. books on the topic of conservation ofrated for completeness and appropri- Funding for the Kluge Staff Fel- historic materials. ateness to the program's goals by alowship for a Library of Congress In addition to working at the Library,Kluge Center Staff Advisory Workingemployee is provided by an endow- she has served in positions relatedGroup subcommittee of three: Donaldment grant of $60 million from John W. to paper conservation in such insti-DeGlopper, Reference Division, LawKluge, chairman of the Library's James tutions as Yale University, the Euro-Library; Georgette Dorn, chief, His-Madison Council. Announced in Octo- pean School for the Conservation ofpanic Division; and Marilyn Krets-ber 2000, the grant supports five chairs Library Materials in Spoleto, Italy, andinger, assistant general counsel, Officeand other visiting scholars appointed the Phillips Collection in Washing-of the Copyright General Counsel. by the Librarian, a dozen Kluge Fellows ton. At the Library, she has been the Because of their overall excellence,selected annually through an interna- recipient of three Special Achievement10 topically diverse applications weretional competition; and a $1 million Awards and a Quality Increase. forwarded to an external selectionprize in the intellectual arts. Jaroslav The research project Ms. Albro pro-committee appointed by Prosser Gif-Pelikan, Sterling Professor Emeritus of posed for the Kluge staff fellowshipford, director for scholarly programs.History at Yale University, is the first was praised by members of the externalSelected for their experience in judg-to hold the Kluge chair for Countries selection committee as being a blending research of the type proposed byand Cultures of the North in the John of scholarship and practical applica- Library staff, the external review panel W. Kluge Center. tion. Reviewers were impressed by the consisted of Kathleen Lynch, execu- Additional resident scholars at scope of her project, entailing the use oftive director, Folger Institute; Theresathe Library hold fellowships funded a wide array of resources from severalO'Malley, associate dean, Center forby the Mellon, Luce and other foun- areas of the Library. Advanced Study in the Visual Arts,dations.

262 . INFORMATION BULLETIN 4346,t; 3b57 o

((t

e e 5 Conserveion Cmer

The ntar . alass of 20

By SYLVIA RODGERS ALBRO he Library of Congress has bene- Tfited from valuable contributions of five advanced interns in the field of book and paper conservation during _ the past year. The Conservation Divi- . sion gradua led these interns in Novem- (,,f. ber. Jean Baldwin, Beatriz Haspo, Lisa )\ Barro, Carol Ann Small and Tamara Ohanyan were competitively selected _ by the Conservation Division from a pool of applicants wanting to be Book, Preventive, Photograph and Paper Conservation Advanced Interns for the 2001 academic year. : -----'l ---: Jean Baldwin is a graduate student in the Conservation Studies program at the University of Texas in Austin and a specialist in letterpress printing, paper making and the conservation of rare . ; books. She has been working with Yas- Manta Clance meen Khan, a senior conservator, onConservation interns and volunteers (from left) Lauren Habenicht, the conservation treatments of IslamicJean Baldwin, Fletcher Durant, Beatriz Haspo, Carol Ann Small, Monica bound materials, including a copy ofHowell, Lisa Barro and Tamara Ohanyan with Director for Preservation Nasri's Ethics and Lay la we majnun. Ms. Mark Roosa (second from right). Baldwin has found these projects to be the most challenging and rewardingManuscript Division. Ms. Barro hasproject will result in a searchable data- during her time with the Library, asworked closely with Andrew Robb, abase of the collected information for Islamic manuscript, paper and bindingsenior photo conservator, and cited theboth the Rare Book and Conservation traditions are very different from cor-cartes-de-visites project in particular as divisions. Ms. Haspo will be continuing responding Western traditions in booka good lesson in time managementin her position as the new Getty Insti- making and require specialized train-and organization, given that the projecttute Preventive Conservation Fellow at ing and research. involved complicated treatments on the Library during 2001-2002. Lisa Barro came to the Library withmany items within a proscribed period Tamara Ohanyan graduated from the a strong scientific background in the of time. Yerevan State Pedagogical University technical analysis of artists' materials Beatriz Haspo. a graduat,. of thein Armcnia and is a piuressionai conser- as a graduate student in conservation Technical Institute for Restoration and avator with the Matenadaran Research at the Institute of Fine Arts of New Yorkpracticing conservator from Sao Paolo,Institute of Ancient Manuscripts. Her University. Her aim was to gain addi- Brazil, is the first intern in Preventiveinternship at the Library has given her tional experience in the conservationConservation at the Library. In this a chance to learn more about American treatment of photographs and papercapacity she has worked with Anntechniques in book conservation. Ms. materials with complex condition prob-Seibert, a senior conservator, in orga-Ohanyan has conserved a 19th century lems. She accomplished her goal bynizing and implementing Library-wideRussian atlas on blue paper from the working on a variety of treatments,preservation services such as disasterGeography and Map Division under such as the research and reassemblypreparedness and recovery for collec-the direction of John Bertonaschi, a of a William Morris Hunt lithographtion material, staff training in the care senior conservator of rare books. Maria print from the Prints and Photographsand handling of materials and environ-Nugent, head of the Book and Paper Division, the consolidation and repairmental monitoring of collections usingTreatment Section, guided Ms. Ohan- of 40 cartes-de-visites from the Adolpha variety of new technology tools andyan's conservation treatment of an Metzner Album of Civil War photo-software. She also worked with Mr. 18th century from the graphs, also from the Prints and Pho-Robb and Dan De Simone, LessingSerial Records Division, and Yasmeen tographs Division, and the transpar-Rosenwald Curator of Rare Books, inKhan provided support for her treat- ent tissue lining of a series of 19thdesigning and executing a new condi-ment of a 17th century Armenian century abolitionist newspapers fromtion survey for the Rosenwald Collec-manuscript on parchment from the the Marian S. Carson collection in thetion in the Rare Book Division. This continued on page 265

NOVEMBER 2001 263 4;7 Understanding Islam Islamic Scholar in Residency at the Library

By MARY-JANE DEEB of the divine," that all three Mohamed Arkoun, emeri- monotheistic traditions (Juda- tus professor of Islamic ism, Christianity and Islam) philosophy at the Sorbonne in "were born in the Near East," Paris, a visiting professor at and that this knowledge should the Ismaili Studies Institute in prevent us from conceptually London and editor of the aca- separatingIslam from the demic journal Arabica, spent a Western tradition of thought. week at the Library in October A member of the Scholars' to discuss Islam as both a West- Council, Bronislaw Geremek, ern religion and a political tool the former foreign minister of in the wake of the Sept. 11 terror- Poland and currently a scholar ist attacks on the United States. of medieval European history In an Oct. 10 session with the at the College de France, asked: Madison Council, the Library's "If in the Koran there is no con- private sector advisory group, tempt for human life, why is he said that it is important to it that Muslims today seem to reconsider first the concepts of value life so little?" Islam and the West. He sug- Charlynn Spencer Pyne Mohamed Arkoun Professor Arkoun answered gested that scholars think of that in all religions and civili7a- writing a "relative history" of the post- Mr. Arkoun said that there aretions there is a separation between those World War II period. numerous books on "Islamic funda-who belong to the orthodox tradition The Sept. 11 events, he argued, arementalists" that shed no light whatso-and those who are outside it. Although part of a series of crises rooted in theever on Islam. On the contrary, they the Spanish Inquisitors valued the lives postwar history of the Arab world.lead people to think that violence isof Catholics as a whole, they did not The war of independence in Algeriainherent in Islam. Violence, he argued, value the lives of either those Catholics (1954-1962), for example, shaped theis part of human society, and those whothey deemed heretics or of those who way Muslims used religion not as abelieve that theirs is the only "true reli-belonged to other religious groups. He system of belief and thought, but asgion" often resort to violence againstadded that even Aristotle, who upheld an ideology of protest and resistance. people who hold different beliefs. the principles of democracy in ancient Today, he maintained, Algeria is still During a meeting with members ofGreece, accepted the concept of slavery paying the price for the politicizationCongress in the Members' Room on for a conquered people. of religion. Oct. 11, Professor Arkoun discussed On Oct. 12, Professor Arkoun and Mr. Arkoun suggested that therethe use of Islam as a political instru-this writer gave a joint presentation on exists "an anthropological triangle"ment and some of the causes behind "The Use and Misuse of Religious Con- that includes a disintegration of thethe rise of Islamic militant movementscepts: War and Jihad in Islam." Muslim tradition of thought, the usein the Middle East and North Africa. Professor Arkoun discussed the way of the Koran as a tool for a liberationSens. Robert Bennett (R-Utah) and"the corpus of religious tradition" struggle and the use of religion byCraig Thomas (R-Wyo.) and Reps.we have today was transformed over governments as a means of legitimiz-Charles Taylor (R-N.C.), Peter Hoek-time. The "divine logos" (the word of ing their power. Those three elementsstra (R-Mich.), Rush Holt (D-N.J.),God) was transmitted to the Prophet together have led to today's violence inJohn LaFalce (D-N.Y) and Tom PetriMuhammad and collectedintoa the Muslim world. (R-Wis.) attended. volume known as the Koran, only after "Islam must be brought back as a Later that day, Mr. Arkoun met withhis death. The Koran was not arranged tradition of thinking," a tradition thatmembers of the Library's Scholars'in any chronological order and lacked emerged over a thousand years agoCouncil, which was holding its firstthe basic vowels and diacritical marks in the "Mediterranean space." For Mr.meeting to advise Dr. Billington onthat were added later. The hadith, or the Arkoun, Islam is part of the Greco-future appointments for five seniorProphet's sayings, which is part of the Roman, Judaeo-Christian traditionschair positions at the John W. Klugebody of religious materials that make that emerged on the shores of theCenter in the Library. up the Muslim tradition, also were Mediterranean. He reminded his audi- TheLibrarianaskedProfessorcollected and selected after Muham- ence that Muslim scholars revived theArkoun to briefly answer one question:mad's death. Thus, the basic texts in works of the Greek philosophers by"What is the one thing you want Amer- Islam were affected by the people who translating and teaching the works oficans to know about Islam?" worked to put them together. In other Aristotle and Plato, and thus contrib- Mr. Arkoun responded that Islamwords, an interpretation of sacred texts uted to the European Renaissance. is "part of the monotheistic traditiontook place from the very start of Islam

264 389 INFORMATION BULLETIN and continued for several centuries. Then, Mr. Arkoun argued, the realm of interpretation (or ijtihad) was closed. Official bodies such as states decided that those texts would no longer be interpreted. Yet, those interprPtations continued because, as Mr. Arkoun put it, "Islam is theologically Protestant and politically Catholic," meaning that while Islam can be interpreted by every person who reads the Koran, the state has put a stop to such interpretations and a flowpd oply ,-sne version to be taught and disseminated. This writer described how Osama

Bin Laden had interpreted Koranic Charlynn Spencer Pyne text to justify a jihad, or religious war, Mr. Arkoun leads a discussion of Islam with Beverly Gray, chief against the "infidels" in the West. She of the Asian and Middle Eastern Division, and Mary-Jane Deeb, referred primarily to the videotaped Arab world area specialist. message sent by Bin Laden to the media on Oct. 7, on the first day of theseated on the bare rock in fatigues andtured and taught worldwide and is U.S. retaliatory attack on Afghanistan. traditional costumein sharp contrastwidely published. His books include She talked about the various forms ofto the palatial settings where Muslim L'Islatn hier-demain (1978), La pensee jihad in Islam, the main one beingheads of state exercise their power. This arabe (1979), Essais sur la pensee islamique the struggle against one's own sinful-was meant to appeal to the Muslim(1983), Lectures du Coran (1991) and ness. She also described the impor-masses by identifying with their pov-Islam, Europe and the West (1996). tance of bin Laden's choice of words, erty and plight. Mr. Arkoun's three visits to the his attempt at depicting Islam's holy Mohamed Arkoun was a member ofLibrary in the past year have been shrines as being under siege, implyingthe board of the Agha Khan Prize formade possible by a generous grant that Islam itself was under siege andArchitecture (1995-1998) and is him-from Raja Sidawi, a member of the that it was the duty of every Muslim to self the recipient of numerous inter-James Madison Council. defend his religion. Finally, she talkednational awards, including the presti- about the political significance of the gious French decorations of the OfficierMary-Jane Deeb is an Arab world area choreography of the Oct. 7 video, inde la Legion d'Honneur and Officier specialist in the Library's African and which bin Laden and his associates are des Pa Imes Academiques. He has lec-Middle Eastern Division.

Conservation ments from the African and Middleand rehousing of the William Wirt continued from page 263 Eastern Division. Most recently, Ms.and Marian Carson collections of the Small completed the conservationManuscript Division. Lauren Habenicht African and Middle Eastern Division. treatment of 35 Joseph Pennell char-assisted in the Ansel Adams Manzanar Ms. Ohanyan is also an accomplishedcoal drawings, watercolors and pas-matting project. Monica Howell of the miniature painter and has taken the tels under the direction of Linda More-University of Maryland work.d with ntinnrfirni4,, te usc thc Conserva;:ionnus, a senior conservator. Sixteen ofJesse Munn, a senior conservator, in Division's technical facilities, with thethe charcoal images were reproducedthe survey and rehousing of the Naxi assistance of this writer to identify pig-as illustrations in Henry James's book manuscripts from western China in the ments used in the ancient as well as London Hours, from 1905. The drawingsAsian Division. Rachel Waldron, a grad- modern Armenian painter's palette. were in extremely fragile condition anduate of George Washington University, Carol Ann Small is a graduate stu-required separation or removal fromhas assisted Rildd Condon, a senior con- dent at the Winterthur-University ofpoor quality crumbling backings inservator, in the preparation of exhibit Delaware Program in Art Conserva-order to allow them to be accessible tomaterial and Kaare Chafee, a conserva- tion, with an M.A. in art historyresearchers. tor, in the opera libretto rehousing proj- from Syracuse University. Ms. Small Ms. Small, Ms. Haspo, Ms. Baldwinect of the Music Division. has worked on a variety of projectsand Ms. Barro all received Pulitzer Fel- "The interns and fellows of today are from different special collections in thelowships from the Library of Congressthe leaders of tomorrow who will con- Library, including the treatment of anduring the past year in order to con-serve our national cultural heritage," letter from the Man-tinue their work. said Mark Roosa, director for preserva- uscript Division, an album from the In addition to the excellent work con-tion. Our aim is to educate and inspire Prints and Photographs Division oftributed by the five advanced interns,each class to pursue new standards of etchingsbyFelixBuhotcalledthe Conservation Division has alsoexcellence in this important work." Japonisme, which had suffered fromhad the benefit of four volunteers this mold damage and an Indian miniaturesummer. Fletcher Durant of Wesleyan Ms. Albro is a senior paper conservator in requiring consolidation of flaking pig-University has assisted in the survey the Conservation Division. NOVEMBER 2001 tee 390 265 News from the Center for the Book Book and Library History Update The Center for the Book will be 25 years Book History in the United States (2000) Future book and library history old in October 2002. This is the third in a and Library History Research in America projects include: co-sponsorship on series of articles that summarizes its activi- (2000), which was published in cooper-April 11-13, 2002, of a conference on ties during its first quarter-century. ation with the University of Texas Press. the "History of Libraries in Amer- The center's Web site (www.loc.gov/ica," to be held at the Library Com- ncouraging the historical study ofcfbook) contains information aboutpany of Philadelphia; and the publi- ELibooks and libraries has been onethese publications and others desig- cation of two books: Books, Libraries, of the Center for the Book's missionsnated below in "Book and Library His-Reading and Publishing in the Cold since it was established in 1977. tory Highlights, 1977-2001." The WebWar, in cooperation with the Univer- Since then, approximately one-thirdsite also provides links to organizationssity of Texas Press, and Perspectives of the center's 104 publications (55throughout the United States and theon American Book History, cospon- books and 49 pamphlets) have been onworld that promote the study of books,sored with the University of Mas- historical topics; the most recent publi-the book arts, reading, libraries andsachusetts Press and the American cations are A Handbook for the Study ofprint culture. Antiquarian Society.

Book Historians Meet in Book and Library SOCIETY f OR THE Williamsburg History Highlights, On July 19-22, the Center HISTOKY (21= 1978-2001 for the Book participated in An asterisk indicates a Center the ninth annual conference AUTHQRSHIP, for the Book publication. of the Society for the History Feb. 14, 1978. The Center of Authorship, Reading and KE6DING & for the Book hosts its first Publishing (SHARP), which book history program: a lec- was held in Williamsburg, PUBL15HING ture by Mirjam Foot of the Va. More than 250 academ- British Library. ics, librarians and students of book history participated. April 13-14, 1978. The The conference sponsors were the American Studies Pro-center hosts a meeting toElizabeth Eisenstein, the gram and the Earl Gregg Swem Library at the College ofdiscuss the contributions itCenter for the Book's first William and Mary, the Virginia Center for the Book and "might make to the studyresident scholar, in 1979 the Library of Virginia of books and printing." In addition to specialists from the Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole served onLibrary of Congress, participants include 15 scholars, librar- the local arrangements committee, introduced luncheonians, publishers, collectors and editors. speaker Brian Lamb and participated in two panel sessions. Dec. 15, 1978. The center hosts a planning meeting for The first panel, a roundtable discussion on the importance "Books and Society in History," a pioneering history-of-the- and preservation of book trade and publishing archives,book conference that will be held in June 1980, sponsored by addressed a topic in which the Center for the Book has been the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section of the Association of involved for many years, most recently through its co-spon-College and Research Libraries. sorship of an October 1996 symposium at Columbia Uni- January-June 1979. Historian Elizabeth L. Eisenstein is the versity (see Information Bulletin, Feb. 10, 1997). center's first resident scholar. The second panel session, organized by Sharon Shaloo, May 30-31, 1980. The center and the Library's Rare Book coordinator of the Massachusetts Center for the Book and and Special Collections Division chaired by Mr. Cole, was on "Book History and Public sponsor a conference honoring Humanities Programming." The presentation provided Lessing J. Rosenwald, "The Early examples of successful promotion projects and intro- Illustrated Book." * duced SHARP members to the Center for the Book "idea." Oct. 25-26, 1984. The center and Speakers and their topics were: Sidney Berger of the Cali- the Geography and Map Division fornia Center for the Book, on "The California Center for sponsor a conference on "Images the Book at UCLA: A Model Partnership;" James Wald of the World: The Atlas Through of the Hampshire College Center for the Book, on "The the History." * College and the Community;" Beth Luey of the Arizona Center for the Book, on "Mapping Regional Literary Heri- The center's publication Books tage: The State Literary Map;" James L.W. West III, of the in Action (1984) celebrated a Penn State Center for the History of the Book, on "What book series (1943-1947) that If All of (Your Community) Read the Same Book?;" and introduced thousands of U.S. Ms. Shaloo, on "Literary Value and Popular Taste in State service members to the plea- Literary Awards." sures of reading.

266 INFORMATION BULLETIN t 391 4

I_Jut-i-LIL CIDOL2Lait-LID EDM:AGL= MEM x _krri

BARBARA W. TUCHMAN

The Book (1980), by Barbara W. Tuchman (center), a member of the center's first national advisory board, eloquently describes the importance of books in history. The (1987) by Center for the Book consultant Alice D. Schreyer was a pioneering work in a newly emerging scholarly field.

Dec. 7, 1984June 2, 1985. "Booksstandingservices"inadvancinging the 50th anniversary of the Amer- and Other Machines," a Center for theunderstanding of the history of print-ican Library Association's Library Book exhibition tracing the history ofing and its allied arts." History Round Table. the book from the 15th century to the July 14-16, 1994. The center hosts Oct. 23-26, 2000. The center orga- personal computer, is on view in thethe second annual conference of thenizes the first two days ("Interpreting Library's Great Hall. The curator isSociety for the History of Authorship,the Past: Libraries, Society & Culture") Center for the Book consultant Alice D.Reading and Publishing (SHARP). of the Library of Congress Bicenten- Schreyer, and the exhibition coincides Sept. 12-13, 1995. The center hostsnial symposium "National Libraries with the publication with the center'smore than 20 historians to discussof the World: Interpreting the Past, new study, Books in Our Future.* possible approaches to a collaborative,Shaping the Future." Oct. 18-19, 1985.In cooperation withmultivolume history of libraries in the Nov. 1-2, 2001. With the Folger Insti- the University of Chicago and theUnited States. tute, the center sponsors the confer- newly created Illinois Center for the June 27,1998. The center hosts a pro-ence "Transactions of the Book" at the Book, the center sponsors a conferencegram at the Library of Congress mark-Folger Shakespeare Library. in Chicago on "The Book in 19th Cen- tury America." * Oct. 29-31, 1987. In cooperation with the School of Library Service of Columbia Univemtr, the ccntcr sponsors a symposium on "Libraries and Scholarly Communication in the United States: The Historical Dimen- sion." * May 2-3, 1989. The center and the Library's European Division sponsor a symposium on "Publishing and Read- ership in Revolutionary France and America." * Oct. 13, 1990. At the State Library in Salem, Sen. Mark Hatfield of Oregon opens "Uncle Sam in the Oregon Coun- try," a 30-panel historical exhibition organized by the center and its affiliate, the Oregon Center for the Book. Joe Frieze Jan. 29, 1994. The American Print- During a 1987 event at the California Center for the Book, Lawrence Clark Powell ing History Association presents the(center) beams over the publication of his talk at the Library of Congress, a center with its annual institutionaltribute to books titled Next to Mother's Milk. He is flanked by Center for the Book award, recognizing the center's out- Director John Cole (left) and Tyrus Harmsen of Occidental College.

NOVEMBER 2001 267 392 THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE OF STANDARD CONGRESS & FEES PAID PENALTY FOR PRIVATEWASHINGTON, USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT No. DC G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 *********.**********3-DIGITSyracuse005DUS Univ 132 S20 P7 address.theaddresstofor the thisBulletin, above publicationlabel address. pleaseand return. checkaddress If change To here yourrequest IIis inquiresandrequired missing return toenter thisissue(s)the onabovepage of CIJEEricSyracuse4-194 CoordinatorClearinghouse Center NY 13244-4100 for Scion Info/Tec& Tec 393 '394 - h

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Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 60, No. 12 December 2001 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Mexican Boy, 1925. Photo by Allie Bramberg Bode. Cover Story:The Library has acquired a collection of work from the renowned Clarence H. White School of Photography. 284 Fiscal Year 2002:Congress has approved the Library's budget for the year. 271 Poppin' in:Julie Andrews visited the Library in December. 271 International Understanding:Kofi Annan was awarded the 2001 Fulbright Prize at the Library. 272 Russian Visitors:The first lady of Russia, a group of visiting Russian librarians and a new group of Russian political and 272civic leaders visited the Library in the past few months. 273 A Life in Folklife:The Library hosted a celebration of the legacy of eminent folklorist Benjamin Botkin. 278 Spanish Gift:The Library welcomed the wife of the prime minister of Spain, who donated her recently published collection of children's stories. 281 Whither Roanoke?:Author Lee Miller discussed her new book on the mystery of Virginia's lost colony. 282 New on Web-Braille:The National Library Service for the Blind 274and Physically Handicapped (NLS) has added music scores and books to its Web-Braille service. 283 LDP in 2002:The chairman of the Madison Council met with fellows in the Library's Leadership Develbpment Program. 290 ._ 100 Years of CDS:The Library's Cataloging Distribution Service is celebrating its centennial. -, 291 Understanding Islamic Culture:The Library recently sponsored a symposium on globalization and civil society in the Muslim world. 292. 278Swiss Ties:Switzerland's ambassador to the United States has presented the Library with nearly 300 titles. 293 News from the Center for the Book 294

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is.issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer 284 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor 39g Congress Approves FY 2002 Budget Appropriations Bill Gives Library $452 Million

By GAIL FINEBERG ------,,,,i\ Mandatory Increases American Folklife Center to hire two new Library budget Congress approved aadditional full-time staffers in support \ of the Veterans History Project, a AA..of $452 million in , total of $19.2 million for fiscal2002includes "JR' mandatoryincreases,nationwide effort authorized by Con- $850,000 extra to tack- 1 including $9.9 milliongress last fall to capture and preserve le Law Library arrear- Atakteadi 14141 fora4.6percentthe stories of some 19 million American ages, $249,776 for the across-the-board pay war veterans. Veterans History Proj- raise(cost-of-living $633,863 additional for the Amer- 7r. ect and funds for other cr, - r adjustment), effectiveican Folklife Center to hire seven addi- special projects. The FY i in January 2002, andtional full-time staffers for folklife heri- 2002 budget also pro- a $428,000 pay adjust-tage preservation and access; vides for a total of 4,189 r! ,, ment for the Library Police, $1.7 million for the second of five full-time equivalent posi- .- to keep their pay at parityincrements required in the Library's tions, a net increase of 90 staff with the U.S. Capitol Police. mass deacidification program and $1.6 members from the FY 2001 budget. million to enhance preventive conser- On Nov. 12, President Bush signedNational Library Programs vation of Library materials; the Legislative Branch Appropria- For a Library budget category called $5 million additional for the dis- tions Act (PL 107-68), which included"National Library," Congress appro-cretionary purchase of rare and valu- a net Library appropriation of $452priated increases of: able materials for the Library's col- million, plus authority to spend an $1.4 million to improve inventorylections, bringing the Library's total additional $34.7 million in offsettingmanagement and physical controls ofacquisitions budget to $15.8 million; receipts (these two items togetherthe collections; and equal the total budget amount of $948,596 for a four-year program $500,000 in new funds that the $486.8 million). to shift collections from the JeffersonLibrary will transfer to an Abraham The $452 million net appropriation,and Adams buildings to offsite stor-Lincoln Bicentennial Commission to which a congressional conference com-age at Fort Meade, Md., and $204,731advise the government on ways to mittee recommended in a report filedto annualize operating costs at Forthonor the 16th U.S. president in 2009 on Oct. 30, exceeded the Library's ini-Meade Module 1; on the 200th anniversary of his birth. tial request of $444.3 million by 1.7 per- $250,000 in new funds for the Separate from the Library's appro- cent. The House had recommended aadvisory National Recording Pres-priation, $8 million was allocated to net appropriation of $450 million, and'ervation Board, which the 106ththe Russian Leadership Trust Fund to the Senate had recommended $443:2Congress authorized as part of thecontinue that program, started by the million. Both houses ratified the con-National Recording Preservation ActLibrary, of bringing young Russian ferees' recommendation on.Nov. 1. of 2000 to support the preservationleaders to the United States to witness The Library had operated underof historic sound recordings, many ofgovernment in action from the local four continuing resolutions since thewhich are at risk from deterioration. to the federal level. new fiscal year began Oct. 1. $249,776 in ncw funds for ihe continued on page 277 Including the net appropriation and offsettifig receipts totaling $486.8 mil- lion, the Library has $650.7 million Julie Andrews total available in FY 2002. Other rev- Visits Library enue sources are revolving funds of Actress and singer Julie $108.1 million; gift and trust funds of Andrews toured the $27.8 million; reimbursable programs Library on Dec.3 and (such as administrative overhead and paused in the George and Adams Building space for the Office Ira Gershwin Room for a of Compliance) of $6.3 million; and photo with Library music $21.8 million for Library buildings specialistWalterZvon- Charlynn Spencer Pyne and grounds, which is included in the chenko and Diane Kresh, director for public service collections. In a budget of the Architect of the Capitol. small Members Room display, she saw some of her own work preserved The Library's net appropriation is at the Library along with that of Bach, Beethoven and Mozart, whose 11.7 percent less than the FY 2001 net manuscripts prompted her to remark how much one can determine appropriation of $511.7 million, which about the composition process by looking at the scores. Ms. Andrews included several projects for which came to Washington for the Kennedy Center Honors, of which she was expenditures were authorized for lim- ited periods. one of five recipients.

DECEMBER 2001 0 397 271 Kofi Annan at the Library United Nations Leader Accepts 2001 Fulbright Prize

BY GAIL HNEBERG Kfi Annan, the U.N. secretary-gen- ral, in accepting the 2001 J. William Fulbright Prize for International Under- standing at the Library on Dec. 3, said Afghanistan has a chance to achieve peace and stability for its people. "If all the Afghan parties, as well as their neighbors and the wider interna- tional community, give their full sup- port, there is now a real opportunity to create the sort of broad-based, fully representative government which the United Nations has been trying to help the Afghan people achieve for a long, long time," he said. "A stable Afghanistan, living in peace, protecting the rights of its people, carrying out its international obligations, denying terrorists a safe haven and posing no threat to any of its neighbors and enjoying their respect and support, must be our common objective." He emphasized Gall Rneberg that a stable Afghanistan can beU.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan (center) was awarded the 2001 achieved only if the arrangement forFulbright Prize and sculpture, "Tribute," at the Library. With him are governance reflects the will, needs(from left) Patricia de Stacy Harrison, assistant secretary of state for and interests of the Afghan people.educational and cultural affairs; Lee Hamilton, chairman, 2001 Fulbright Noting that the United Nations isPrize Selection Committee; Douglas Daft, chairman and CEO of the urgently engaged in helping Afghani-Coca-Cola Co.; Mr. Annan's wife, Nane; and Dr. Billington. stan embark on a new beginning, Mr. Annan said U.N. efforts include, "first The answer to such violence andJune by a unanimous vote of 189 and foremost," feeding and shelter- sources of grievance, he said, "is moremember states. He noted that Mr. ing as many of the 7.5 million suffer- democracy not less; more freedom, notAnnan has.worked for international ing Afghans as possible as winter sets less; more development aid, not less;peace and security; advocated human in. The United Nations also is hostingmore solidarity with the poor and dis-rights as well as the rule of law; talks in Bonn, Germany, aimed at pro-possessed of our world, not less." embraced universal values of equality, ducing an agreement for an interim In a brief ceremony, Mr. Annantolerance and human dignity; focused administration that is "acceptable to accepted the J. William Fulbright Prizethe world's attention on the need to all Afghans and accountable to allfor International Understanding, pre-abate the AIDS epidemic; provided Afghans." sented by Charles H. Harff, presidentleadership to improve education and Among the lessons learned from the of the Fulbright Association, for theinvestments in developing countries; Sept. 11 attacks on the United States, secretary-general's work in promotingand "restored public confidence in Mr. Annan said, was that "a col-international cooperation and peace.one of the world's greatest institutions lapsed and destitute state, such asMr. Annan is the 2001 winner of theby reaching out impartially." Afghanistan, provides fertile groundNobel Peace Prize. Dr. Billington welcomed Mr. Annan for armed groups to plan and prepare Presenting the Fulbright Prize, aand guests. Offering remarks, in addi- unspeakable acts of terror, at home$50,000 award made possible by ation to Mr. Harff, were John D. Negro- and abroad." grant from the Coca-Cola Foundation,ponte, U.S. ambassador to the United Mr. Harff noted thatNations; Patricia de Stacy Harrison, Clarification: The story on page 262 of the Novem- Mr. Annan was the firstassistant secretary of state for edu- ber 2001 issue, "First Kluge Staff Fellow," was U.N. secretary-generalcational and cultural affairs; Lee H. written by Peggy K. Pearlstein, who is an area spe- to be selected from theHamilton, chairman of the 2001 Ful- cialist in the Hebraic Section of the African and ranks of U.N. staff, and,bright Prize Selection Committee and Middle Eastern Division. "in unprecedented director of the Woodrow Wilson Inter- action," reappointed in continued on page 273

272 3ye INFORMATION BULLETIN o

First Lady of Russia Tours Library of Congress uring a Nov. 13 visit to the DLibrary Librarian of Congress James H. Billington showed Liud- mil a A . Putina, thP firct lady of the Russian Federation (center) and her interpreter, Tatyana Klyukina, sev- eral of the Library's treasures, includ- ing a political cartoon map of Europe published in 1915 in Russian by Vladislav Levinski, which shows Russia with an elegant and benev- olent pose of the czar gazing over all of Europe. The map is labeled as "Symbolic Map of Europe, War Lib- eration 1914-1915."

Paul Hogroian Annan has studied extensively in the Unitedmistrust, strengthens the bonds of continued from page 272 States, Kofi Annan represents the bestunderstanding and encourages recon- in diplomacy and the best in interna-ciliation among peoples. national Center for Scholars; andtional understanding. "I recall scores of times when foreign Douglas N. Daft, chairman and CEO "He has led the United Nations for-policy challenges were made easier of the Coca-Cola Co. Mr. Daft gave Mr. ward in efforts to keep the peace,because key actors were beneficiaries of Annan a sculpture, Tribute, on behalfprevent terrorism, support humanexchange programs that helped them of the company. rights, encourage development andto understand the world and other A Fulbright scholar himself (Uni-improve the overall efficiency of thecountries better," Mr. Hamilton said. versity of Helsinki, 1960-61) and chair- U.N. system itself. These, too, are the By honoring Mr. Annan, he said, "we man of the Fulbright Program's boardkinds of qualities and accomplish-also recognize the institution he leads. of foreign scholarships in 1971-73, thements Sen. Fulbright had in mindThe United Nations is an indispensable Librarian noted connections between when he created this great program ininstitution that deserves strong U.S. Mr. Annan and William Fulliright. pursuit of a better world," Mr. Negro- political and financial support. If it did In addition to sponsoring. the 1946ponte said. not exist, we would desperately need legislation to create -the educational Ms. Harrison said Mr. Annan wasto create it." exchange program, Fulbright, whenan "inspired choice" for the Fulbright The United Nations serves the United he .vas a scriator, also co-sponsored Pi iLe. "Now more than ever since theStates well, he said. "Its broad objec- the resolution that put Congress onterrible events of Sept. 11, we needtivesto promote peace and security, record' in favor of U.S. membershipto invest in the leaders of tomorrowmanage dangerous conflicts, meet in the postwar collective securitywho will promote international under-transnational challenges, support sus- Organization that became the Unitedstanding and follow in the footsteps oftainable development, reduce poverty, Nations. Secretary-General Annan." care for refugees and foster respect for "It is appropriate to link both the cur- With 225,000 scholars from thehuman rightsmatch American objec- rent leadership of Secretary-General United States and 140 other countries,tives," Mr. Hamilton said. Annan and the memory of Sen. Ful- the Fulbright Program is the centerpiece In concluding remarks, Mr. Daft said, bright, two successful heroes of inter- among the international exchange pro-"Kofi Annan's message is simple, and national cooperation, with a librarygrams sponsored by the State Depart-it is clear: Whatever major resources that is not only the world's largest, butment, she said. and influence we possess, we must as is also the most globally inclusive, with Mr. Hamilton, a former congress-human beings use it for the good of the 121 million items in 460 languages," man who chaired the House Commit-world." Dr. Billington said. tee on Foreign Affairs, spoke about He said that Mr. Annan embodies AmbassadorNegroponte said,benefits to the United States of both Sen. Fulbright's belief that understand- "Today we are honoring a man whothe Fulbright Program and the Uniteding brings peace. embodies the spirit of the FulbrightNations. "International education is Program as well as anyone I havethe single most effective tool of Amer-Ms. Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, the ever known. A scholar himself, who ican foreign policy," he said. "It erodes Library's staff newspaper.

DECEMBER 2001 273 404 39D Russian Librarians Visit U.S. Book Centers to Be Established Throughout Russia

By JOHN Y. COLE

rrom Oct. 21 to 30, the Center for the 1 1 'Book in the Library of Congress wel- comed its second group of visiting Rus- sian librarians within six months. From April 24 to May 2, a first delegation of nine librarians from the Russian Feder- ation visited the Library of Congress, the Library of Virginia and its Virginia Center for the Book, and the District of Columbia Public Library and its District of Columbia Center for the Book. (see Information Bulletin, July-August 2001). The April and October visits, both funded by the Open Society Institute (Soros Foundation) in Moscow, are important steps toward the creation in 2002 of book centers in at least 15 regional libraries throughout Russia. The new national book and reading promotion project, a program of the Open Society Institute (OSI), was John V. Cole announced in September 2001. Because the Library's buildings were closed for anthrax testing, on Oct. Both U.S. visits also are part of an24 the visiting delegation of 11 Russian librarians met with Dr. Billington international reading promotion proj- on the plaza in front of the Madison Building.Taimyr Agaev (left), director ect sponsored by the OSI, its Pushkinof the Dagestan Republican Library, explains to Dr. Billington several of Library Megaproject and the Center forthe publications being presented to the Library. Dmitry Poloznev, director the Book. The project was developed inof the Yaroslavl Regional Scientific Library, observed. cooperation with the Section on Read- ing of the International Federation ofference in St. Petersburg, Russia, andvisits were made to the Chantilly Library Associations and Institutionsa subsequent visit to Russian institu-Branch of the Fairfax County Public (IFLA). It culminates in June 2002 with tions and libraries in Moscow and theLibrary (home of the Fairfax County the participation of a group of Ameri-nearby city of Vladimir. Public Library Center for the Book, one can librarians and representatives from The Oct. 21-30 visit of the 11 Rus-of two affiliates of the Virginia Center the IFLA Section on Reading in a con- sian librarians was already in placefor the Book) and to the Smithsonian when the LibraryInstitution Libraries. The group made of Congress's build-an impromptu visit to the Folger Shake- ings were closed onspeare Library. Day by day, the visi- Oct. 18 for anthraxtors and their hosts hoped the Library testing. The Libraryof Congress would reopen. A highlight was the first stopwas an hourlong, informal conversa- on the tour and the tion with Dr. Billington on Oct. 24 at a schedule could notpicnic table on the plaza in front of the bechanged.TheMadison Building. The Library's build- basic orientation toings finally opened on Thursday, Oct. the Library was pre-25, but it was too late for the visitors; sented in a nearby at 8:30 a.m., escorted by this writer and hotel.ScheduledCenter for the Book Program Special-

The Connecticut State Library was one of eight librar- ies seen by the visitors on their 10-day tour. Lyudmila Belozerova (left), assistant director of the Ulyanvosk Regional Scientific Library and Elena Muravyova of the Russian State Library in St. Petersburg admire Russian photographs from the Connecticut State Library's collections. John Y. Cole

274 INFORMATION BULLETIN

is4 41U0 s ist Anne Boni, the delegation left by rented bus for the Baltimore-Wash- ington International Airport and their scheduled flight to Hartford, Conn. Educational out-CONNECTICUT reach and reading CENTER FOR TUE BOOK promotion projects were emphasized in visits to libraries and museums in Con- necticut (Oct. 25-27) and New York City (Oct. 27-30). Just as valuable was the hospitality shown by all of the host John V. Cole institutions. In Connecticut they wereAlan Wagner (right, foreground), director of the International Resource the Connecticut State Library in Hart-Center at the Borough Public Library, demonstrates the ford; the Hartford Public Library homecenter's WorldLin0, which makes the Queens Library's catalog of the Connecticut Center for the Book, searchable in languages other than English. Observing are (left to where Chief Librarian Louise Blalockright) Lyudmila Belozerova, Klavdia Sukhinina, Nadezhda Chuprina, met with the visitors and hosted aTaimyr Agaev (partially obscured) and Anastasia Kornienko. dinner in their honor in one of Hart- ford's private clubs; the Mark Twainwork. The Wadsworth Atheneum pro-danova, head of the Reading Section House in Hartford, where a privatevided its own Russian-speaking guideat the Kirov Scientific Library, Kirov; tour was arranged; and, in Farmington, to introduce the group to the institu-Nadezhda T. Chuprina, director of the -Stead Museum and the Lewistion, its library and museum collec-Belogrod Regional Scientific Library, Walpole Library. On Oct. 27, Hartfordtions and its outreach programs. Belogrod; Anastasia A. Kornienko, of literary entrepreneur Dan Schnaidt led An unforgettable highlight in Newthe International Relations Department the group on the 2-mile Wallace Ste-York City was an early morning boatin the All-Russia State Library for For- vens Walk, stopping at appropriatetour around the southern end of eign Literature, Moscow; Elena G. times to read from the Hartford poet'sManhattan Island, providing the Muravyova, leading researcher group with a view of "ground at the Russian State Library, zero," where the World Trade St. Petersburg; Marina V. Towers once stood. New Novikova, of the Pushkin York Public Library hosts LibraryMegaprojectof includedpresidentPaul the Open Society Insti- LeClerc and Edward Kasi- tute (Soros Foundation), nec, chief of the Slavic & Moscow; Dmitry F. Poloz- Baltic Division. The day at nev, director of the Yaroslavl the New York Public Library Regional Scientific Library, included visits to the Science, POR Yaroslavl; Nina G. Rasput- Industry & Business Library and naya, director of the Vladimir the World Languages Collection at Regional Scientific Libraty Vladimir; the Donnell Library Center. The lastValeria D. StP1rnakh (group loader), a day, Oct. 30, was spent at the Queenssenior researcher at the Russian State Borough Public Library, visiting theLibrary, Moscow; and Klavdia N. Sukh- Flushing Branch and its Internationalinina, director of the Lipetsk Regional Resource Center and the CentralScientific Library, Lipetsk. Library in . At Queens the This new Soros Foundation initiative group enjoyed an informal luncheonis the third major Center for the Book discussion with library Director Garycooperative project with Russian librar- E. Strong, who provided details abouties and librarians. The first was a con- the library's operations and services, ference held in Moscow on Oct. 29-31, emphasizing the Adult Literacy Pro-1991: "The National Library in the Life gram and multilingual services such asof the Nation: The Lenin State Library the New Americans Program, whichand the Library of Congress." The provides special services to the area'ssecond was an international conference, many new immigrants. "Libraries and Reading in Times of Cul- John Y Cole The delegates were: Taimyr D. Agaev, tural Change," held in Vologda, Russia, Louise Blalock, director of the Hart-director of the Dagestan Republican on June 18-22, 1996 (see Information Bul- ford Public Library, the home of theLibrary, Republic of Dagestan; Lyud- letin, Sept. 16, 1996). Connecticut Center for the Book,mila V. Belozerova, assistant director speaks about Hartford and the nextof the Ulyanovsk Regional Scientific Mr. Cole is director of the Center for the day's "Wallace Stevens Walk." Library, Ulyanovsk; Elena A. Chemo- Book.

DECEMBER 2001 275

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S Traveling inan Open World Library Hosts Orientations for Visiting Russians

By STACY HOFFHAUS ship Development Pro- ast year's presiden- gram fellow working Ltialelectionand with the Open World the impact Ralph Nader Program. had on the contest were Speakers covered the topics ofa lively structure of the U.S. goy- discussionconducted , ernment, focusing on the inRussianinthe separation of powers, Library's Madison the system of checks and Building on Nov. 28. balances and federal- The 62 young Russian ism. The Russian partic- political and civic lead- ipants asked questions ers taking part in the about such issues as conversation were vis- the weight given pres- iting the United States idential decrees in the under the Open World United States and the Program, an exchange process for appointing administered by the new and removing Supreme Center for Russian Lead- Chnstma Tyler Wenks Courtjustices.Mila ership Development atRussian Open World Program participants listen to Mila Medina, United Way, discussing volunteerism. Medina of United Way the Library. Congress International discussed authorized the indepen- charitable giving, non- dent center in December 2000 (P.L. "The new legislation for the Openprofit organizations and volunteerism 106-554) to provide a permanent homeWorld Program is a significant mile-in the United States and reviewed for the Open World Program follow-stone for a pilot program that isUnited Way's activities in Russia. The ing the Library's successful two-yearonly three years old," said GeraldineOpen World participants engaged in a pilot of the exchange, formerly knownOtremba, chief executive officer of thediscussion about the future of Russia's as the Russian Leadership Program.Open World Program. "I felt it wasnonprofit sector and asked a number Open World brings emerging Russianimportant to emphasize the link to theof questions about the tax treatment of leaders to communities across theLibrary. Holding the orientations heredonations in the United States. (Rus- United States for intensive, short-termserves that purpose and introduces oursia's tax code does not allow deduc- visits that immerse them in the dailyRussian guests directly to our staff, col- tions for individual or corporate chari- workings of America's democraticlections and services." table donations.) institutions. The Nov. 28 orientation session Following lunch in the Montpelier The Library is now the first officialbegan with welcoming remarks fromRoom and briefings on their com- stop in the United States for OpenMs. Otremba, who explained the pro-munity-based programs, the partici- World participants, virtually all ofgram's purpose, funding and history.pants went on tours of the Jefferson whom have never traveled to theA number of participants presentedBuilding given in Russian by Vera De- United States before. The Library hostsgifts of books, which the Open WorldBuchananne, program manager for the the delegations' orientation sessions,Program will make available to theOpen World Program, and Elena Zahir- which are designed to provide an over-Library. Among the Russian books and pour of the U.S. Acquisitions Section. view of the U.S. government and thepamphlets received were histories of After a two-day stay in Washington, nonprofit sector and to acquaint Rus-the city of Omsk and of Orenburg Statethe participants traveled to host com- sian visitors with American family lifeUniversity, a volume on the Urdmurtmunities in eight states, where they in preparation for home stays in theirRepublic and an autobiography by gunspent a week examining the roles of the host communities. designer Mikhail Kalashnikov. federal, state and local governments in The delegation that the Library During the opening session, several local communities. welcomed on Nov. 28 represented adelegates thanked Dr. Billington for Another Russian delegation took broad range of professions and Rus-proposing the Open World Program,part in a similar orientation program at sian regionsjournalists, heads ofwhich they said has had a positivethe Library on Dec. 5. They were joined think tanks, educators, local legisla-impact on past participants' views andby former U.S. Ambassador to Russia tors, federal and regional officials,understanding of the United States. James Collins. heads of nongovernmental organi- The American Councils for Interna- The visits by the two civic delega- zations and foundations, businesstional Education, Open World's logis-tions wrapped up the 2001 program people and community and partytics contractor, arranged the programyear for the Open World exchange. In activists from 33 of Russia's 89 for the orientation, with assistance from addition to making the transition from regions. the Library's Giulia Adelfio, a Leader-a pilot project to a permanent center in

276 INFORMATION BULLETIN 2001, Open World launched a new Web site (www.open- world2002.gov) and an alumni newsletter, hosted a high- level , began planning for the expanded 2002 program (which will invite 2,600 Russian leaders to participate) and initiated a groundbreaking rule- of-law pilot program for prominent Russian judges. Open World's focus on rule of law has been especially timely, since the Russian Parliament recently approved, after con- siderable discussion, a major overhaul of the country's judi- cial system proposed by the Putin administration. The year also saw the creation of a board of trustees to oversee the Open World Program, as required by the legis- lation establishing the new center (P.L. 106-554). Eight of the center's nine trustees have been named. Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), chief sponsor of the center legislation, will serve as honorary chairman of the board of trustees. Librarian of Congress James H. Billington sits on the board ex-offi- cio and serves as interim chair. The congressional leader- Larice Perry ship has appointed Sens. Carl Levin (D-Mich.) and Bill Frist Noted Author Speaks at Library (R-Tenn.) and Reps. Amo Houghton (R-N.Y.) and Robert D ita Mae Brown spoke at the Library on Nov. 1. Ms. Brown E. "Bud" Cramer Jr. (D-Ala.) to the board. Private sector 1Vis the author of more than 25 books, including gay and members are former Ambassador Coffins, financier George lesbian novels, mysteries, translations and nonfiction works. Soros and former Rep. James W. Symington, executiveIn both a serious and humorous presentation, she spoke director of the 1999 Russian Leadership Program. about the use of language as well as about her most recent book, Alma Mater. The event was sponsored by the Ms. Hoffhaus is senior writer-editor for the Center for Russian Library Organization for Gay, Lesbian or Bisexual Employees Leadership Development. (GLOBE).

Budget for Law Library arrearage reduction. ports pay raises and other mandatory continued from page 271 The House Committee on Legis-costs, plus $3.5 million to begin equip- lative Branch Appropriations, in itsping CRS with the leadership and tech- National Digital Projects report (107-169), directed the Librarynical staff, skills and tools to assist The Library requested an increase of "to make the Law Library arrearageCongress in understanding the issues $14.6 million and 58 full-time equiva-reduction program of unprocessed affected by technology as well as to use lent positions (FTEs) for its Nationalmaterials a top priority and to keep thetechnology to support Congress. Digital Library Program, but receivedcommittee informed of the progress to Copyright Office: Congress autho- $9.6 million and 46 FTEs. The decreaseeliminate the arrearage." Noting thatrized the Copyright Office to spend of $5 million reflects the deferment the American Bar Association and legala total $40.9 million, including $27.9 of some proposed projects until fiscalcommunity had been "very vocal inmillion in receipts, and 530 FTEs. The 2003. The fiscal 2002 funding willtheir support for greater funding foroffice's appropriation for FY 2002 is support the development of a digitalthe Law Library," the committee also$13 million, representing an increase of repository ($2.7 million), informationdirected the Law Library to explore the$3.9 million from the FY 2001 level. The terhnnl ($.; .7 vr.;11i^n) an-1 outr2ach possibiliiy of working with the iegaiincrease includes $380,000 for business activities ($1.2 million). community to assist with this project. process reengineering plans. Congress provided $7.1 million for The Senate Committee on Legisla- Books for Blind and Physically a Hands Across America program fortive Branch Appropriations said in itsHandicapped: This budget increased the purpose of teaching educators how report (107-37) that it expects Lawby $1.3 million, to $49.8 million in FY to incorporate the Library's digital col-Library arrearages to be eliminated no2002, which supports a total of 128 lections into school curricula. Of this later than the end of 2003. Law Librar- FTEs. amount, $1.5 million will be used forian Rubens Medina said he expects to a pilot project to incorporate digitalclear the arrearage by mid-2003. Furniture and Furnishings materials into Illinois schools. The conference committee report A budget for furniture and furnish- includes authorization for the Lawings increased by $3 million, to $7.9 Service Unit Support Library to spend up to $350,000 in off-million. One big-ticket item was $2.6 Law Library: Congress approved asetting collections to support the Globalmillion for preservation equipment. total budget of $9.9 million and 94 IllsLegal Information Network (GLIN)The increase also included $264,000 for for the Law Library, including a $1.7database and related activities. new workstations needed for the Copy- million increase (and three additional CongressionalResearchServiceright business-process reengineering FTEs) to support arrearage reduction(CRS): Congress appropriated $81.5initiative. and collections. Half of this increasemillion and 739 FTEs for CRS in 2002, ($850,000) was added by Congress towhich reflects an $8 million increaseMs. Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, the the increase requested by the Libraryover the 2001 budget. The increase sup- Library's staff newspaper.

DECEMBER 2001 277 4wa *

Livi Lore Celebratin the LeEfacy of enjamin A. Botkin

By JAMES HARDIN city library, where he worn with use, he said, n Benjamin A. Botkin's house in Cro-was shelving books and but "open to any page Iton-on-Hudson, N.Y., where he lived Botkin's treasuries and and they start to talk." for the last 30 years of his life, the rooms collections occupied a Mr. Wade then dem- were full of books. In some, they werefull shelf. "I read them onstratedjusthow stacked in piles from floor to ceiling,all," said Mr. Welsch. "living"the"lore" along with papers, boxes of file cardsHe describedthe could be with a virtuoso and ephemera. And Ben Botkin knewfamous differences performance of banjo just where everything was. He couldbetween Botkin, who playing, clogging, sto- identify a book near the bottom of ahad a grand and inclu- rytelling and old-fash- stack, whether or not its spine wassive view of folklore, ioned American flim- showing, and he would return it thereand folklorist Richard flam. He enacted Mark when the book had served its purpose. Dorson, who insisted Twain's story of Tom So reported singer Peggy Seeger at aon academic standards Sawyer whitewashing session of remembrances on the second for the folklore pro- Aunt Polly's fence, told day of "Living Lore: The Legacy offession and regularly a talltale about the Benjamin A. Botkin," a two-day cele-disparaged the more mosquitoes in Arkan- bration of the life and work of the popular manifestations, Stational Cound for the TradiSonal Ms sas and raced up and great American folklorist on the 100thsuch as festivals, folk Benjamin Botkin down the aisle of the anniversary of his birth, sponsoredsong revivals,"trea- Coolidge Auditorium by the Library of Congress's Amer-sury" anthologies, hootenathes and thein the persona of a fast-talking pen ican Folk life Center, Music Division like. Through stories of his own familysalesman, selling pens for a quarter and Center for the Book; the Nationaland career, Mr. Welsch dramatized his to eager members of the audience, all Council for the Traditional Arts; and allegiance to Botkin and his uneasy rela- the while keeping up his banjo playing the New York Folklore Society, withtionship with Dorson. But, he reported,and patter. support from the Shakespeare Theatre,at their last meeting, he and Dorson Benjamin A. Botkin (1901-1975) was the National Endowment for the Artsagreed that there is "room for all of usa pioneering folklorist who believed and U.S. Airways. Again and again, thein folklore and a need for all of us inthat people are always creating folk- story of Ben Botkin's important workfolklore." lore out of their collective experi- came back to books. Following Mr. Welsch's keynote,ences. According to historian Jerrold Nebraska folklorist Roger Welschmusician, storyteller and writer Ste-Hirsch, "He attempted to formulate gave the keynote address that openedphen Wade delivered a tribute to Bot-an approach to the study of Ameri- the program on the morning of Nov.kin's A Treasury of American Folklore,can folklore that took into account the 15.Mr.Welschfirstencounteredone of many Botkin books that linenation's different regions, races and Botkin's work at the Lincoln, Neb.,his shelves at home. All have becomeclasses and showed the interrelation- ship between folk, popular and high culture. In his work on the interre- gional Folk-Say anthologies (1929-32), as national folklore editor of the New Deal's Federal Writers' Project (1938-39), as chief editor of the Writers' Unit of the Library of Congress Proj- ect, (1939-41), as head of the Archive of American Folk Song (1942-45) and as the author of numerous folklore treasures, beginning with A Treasury of American Folklore (1944), Botkin con- tinually sought new ways to achieve his vision for the role of folklore and folklife in American culture.... He rejected traditional folklore scholar- ship's privileged hierarchies regard- James Hardin ing what constituted the object of Botkin's children, Dan Botkinstudythe lore over the folk, the past and Dorothy Rosenthal,over the present, the rural over the spoke at the event. urban, the agrarian over the indus- James Hardin

278 INFORMATION BULLETIN 4041 0 trial, survivals over revivals, older genres over newer emergent forms, oral transmission over technological media, homogeneous groups over heterogeneous ones" (from Jerrold Hirsch, "Benjamin Botkin's Legacy in the Making," American Folk life Center Web site at www.loc.gov/ folklife/botkin/hirsch.html). The first Smithsonian Festival of American Folk life, in 1967, the creation of the American Folldife Center at the Library(Ifcongress in 1976 and the cre- ation of a network of public-sector folk- lorists funded by the National Endow- ment for the Arts are all legacies of Botkin's scholarship. He was one of the first scholars to assert that all people create culture, regardless of where or James Hardin how they live, and he insisted thatFormer Folk Archive head Joe Hickerson and folk legend Pete Seeger democracy is strengthened by valuingperformed at a concert held during the celebration event; Mr. Seeger many different cultural voices. Botkin was joined by his sister and half-brother, Peggy and Mike Seeger. has been called the father of public- sector folklore, and today folklorists widely accept the idea that folklore is creative expression used to communi- cate and instill social values, traditions and goals. Benjamin Botkin was also a longtime board member for the National Coun- cil for the Traditional Arts, and NCTA Director Joe Wilson described the early National Folldife Festivals cre- ated by Sarah Gertrude Knott, in St. Louis (1934), Chattanooga, Tenn. (1935), Dallas (1936), Chicago (1937) and Washington, D.C. (1938). Botkin "had an expansive, wondrous way thatarly program at the University of Nebraska, took in everybody," said Wilson, andwhere the Benjamin A. Botkin papers have been the popularity of the festivals con-deposited. We thought that, for the Library of vinced many academic deans to estab-Congress program, we might find a way to lish folklore programs at their institu-embody Botkin's ideas about festivals, the folk music revival and engaging audi- tions. Alan Jabbour, former director ofences in a participatory way in the cultural process." In that spirit, Ms. Austen the American Folklife Center, descnbedassembled public sector folklorists, musicians, artists, writers, actors and others the cultural climate in New Deal Wash- whose worked has been touched by Ben Botkin: the United House of Prayer Band ington as an "interlocking directorate," played a noontime concert; historian Henry Sapoznik spoke about Yiddish radio and noted how excited Botkin andin New York City in the 1930s in "Radio and the Transmission of Folk Culture others were to be working on large cul- Literacy"; Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole, Folklife Center Director tural projects. Botkin's editing of thePeggy Bulger, author Ann Banks and historian Jerrold Hirsch talked about the ex-slave narrative project was the firstFederal Writers' Project; City Lore Executive Director Steve Zeitlin showed pho- great accomplishment of oral history intographs taken by Martha Cooper of the memorial tributes in New York City America, he said. that have sprung up to honor the people killed in the Sept. 11 terrorist attack "Living Lore" was not a scholarlyon the World Trade Center; and the band Cherish the Ladies gave an evening conference. According to Thea Austen, concert of traditional Irish music, featuring a new work commissioned by the American Folldife Center events coor-Music Division's McKim Fund. dinator, it was a celebration of Bot- Folklorists David Taylor and Marjorie Hunt acknowledged a personal debt to kin's legacy, with performances, inter-Ben Botkin, in that both have specialized in the study of occupational culture, views and discussions that embodiedan area of interest that is one example of Botkin's inclusive view of contem- the spirit of his work. "We workedporary folk culture. Taylor introduced Ron Brooks, Dean Kalomas and Pauli closely with Ben Botkin's children, DanZmolek, three decorative painters who have been working on the renovation of Botkin and Dorothy Rosenthal," said the Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building, and Ms. Hunt interviewed Ms. Austen. "There had been a schol-Frank Baiocchi, a master mason who has worked on many Washington historic

DECEMBER 2001 409, 279 James Hardin The United House of Prayer Bandand Oscar Brand performedduring thetwo-day celebration of Botkin's life and legacy. buildings and monuments. New Yorkand before a full house in the Coolidge The final program (with panelists folklorist Nancy Groce interviewedAuditorium they made magic. OscarJoanna Cazden, Karl Finger, Joe Hick- Ed Gero, Floyd King and CatherineBrand sang songs representing hiserson, Joan Studer Levine and Pete Weidner, who told stories of theirCanadian heritage, Mike Seeger playedSeeger) consisted of remembrances work as actors with the Shakespearea splendid solo on the jew's harp, andof Camp Woodland, the progressive Theatre in Washington. Peggy Seeger demonstrated that theeducational brainchild of Norman At the start of a noontime concertunaccompanied voice is still one ofStuder, which provided experiences on the second day, musician andthe loveliest instruments. Pete Seegerof folk song, dancing, storytelling former Folk Archive head Joe Hick-spoke a moving tribute to the peopleand community interaction for young erson made a few remarks about thewho had been killed in the World Tradepeople from New York City during folk song revival of the 1950s andCenter on Sept. 11, and then sang, andthe '40s and '50s. And the day ended, '60s, more a personal remembrancetaught the audience to sing, a songappropriately enough, with a hoote- than a dissertation. He told how, as acomposed by Tom Paxton memorializ-nanny, that folk singers' invitation to teenager in New Haven, Conn., and aing the tragedya wonderful momentthe audience to catch the spirit and physics major at Oberlin College, hefor the audience, the great Americanjoin in the celebration of their own himself had picked up a guitar andfolk singer, banjo strung around histraditions. learned to play folk songs through theneck, his familiar voice still strong, Benjamin Botkin was a pioneer. books and records he discovered. Peteinviting and cajoling, a living embodi-He made connections among diverse Seeger joined Mr. Hickerson on stage,ment of his and Ben Botkin's deepfields others failed to notice. He aban- and together they explained how Mr.belief in the goodness of people and thedoned the path of convention and Seeger had composed the extraordi-power of song and lore. It was a greatwas not afraid to alienate the powers- narily popular "Where Have All theday for those who remember the songsthat-be. He inspired the young folklor- Flowers Gone," beginning with wordsand spirit of the times recalled. ists of the 1960s who were intent on from a Russian folk song, employing breaking away from the purely aca- the tune from another song that had demic study of folk texts and encour- been echoing in his head. In 1960 Mr. aged the direct involvement of profes- Hickerson heard a Seeger recording of sionally trained folklorists with public the song and added verses four and policy and programming. He insisted five, so as to make it circular. Later that that democracy is enhanced by valu- summer, Mr. Hickerson was working ing many cultural voices. Above all, at Camp Woodland, a progressive he believed that folklore belongs to children's camp in the Catskill Moun- the folk, as all his treasuries testified. tains of New York, where Mr. Seeger "If giving back to the people what we happened to hear him and his camp- have taken from them and what right- ers singing the extra verses. Mr. Seeger fully belongs to them, in a form in adopted them and they have become which they can understand and use, standard in most renditions, but Mr. is vulgarization," he wrote, "then we Seeger commented that he preferred need more of it" ("WPA and Folklore the line in the verse "Where have all Joseph Home Research: Bread and Song," Southern the soldiers gone" to read, "When willDuring his time at the Library ofFolklore Quarterly 3, 1939, 10). we ever learn." Congress, Benjamin Botkin did Pete Seeger was then joined by his his part for the wartime effort, James Hardin is the editor at the American half brother and sister, Mike Seeger andtending a victory garden (June Folklife Center. Michael Taft, center folklife Peggy Seeger, along with Oscar Brand,1943 photo). specialist, contributed to this article.

280 01 INFORMATION BULLETIN A Gift from Spain Library Hosts Visit by Ana Botella de Aznar

r. and Mrs. Bilington and His- Dpanic Division Chief Georgette Dorn welcomed Ana Botella de Aznar to the Library on Nov. 28. Ms. Aznar is the wife of Spanish Prime Minister José Maria Aznar. Ms. Dorn noted thetitle and description of a book Ms. Aznar gave to the Library, her recently published collection of international classics for children, Erase una vez .los mejo- res cuentos infantiles comentados [Once Upon a Time ...the Best Children's Stories with Commentaries] containing her analyses and commentaries. Ms. Aznar said her book is intended for teachers and parents. Accompanied by Rakela de Ruperez, whose husband is the ambassador from Spain to the United States, and other state officials, Ms. Aznar visited the Hispanic Reading Room, where Everette Larson, head of the reading room, demonstrated several Hispanic Christina Tyler Wenks Web projects (www.loc.gov/rr/Dr. Billington and his wife, Marjorie, welcomed to the Library Ana hispanic), such as the "United States,Botella de Aznar (center), wife of the Prime Minister of Spain, José Spain and the American Frontier,"Maria Aznar. Georgette Dorn, chief of the Hispanic Division (right), "Portals to the World," "The World ofaccepted Ms. Aznar's collection of international classics for children 1898" and other offerings. Ms. Aznarinto the Library's collections. was surprised at the range of the His- panic collections and the reference ser- vices available at the Library. She saidbreve by Juan de Zumarraga, the first Aiming at audiences of parents and she especially enjoyed hearing aboutbishop of Mexico. teachers, the author adds commentar- Archer Huntington's role in establish- A recent addition to the Library ofies to each story and suggests the ing the Hispanic Room in the 1930sCongress collection of children's books age level appropriate for each. She and his generous support of the col-in Spanish is Ms. Aznar's, Erase una vez chose stories by Aesop, Oscar Wilde, lections, because "Huntington is still ... !or, mcforc's cuentosinfanilles curnen- the brothers Grimm, Juan Valera, Felbc much remembered in Spain." tados (Barcelona: Ediciones MartinezMaria de Samaniego and Hans Chris- Ms. Aznar also toured the "Ameri-Roca, 2001). Ms. Aznar published this tian Andersen, among others. She chose can Treasures" and "World Treasures"selection of what she deemed the 100 the most authoritative translations into exhibitions, where she marveled atbest children's stories; all are suitableSpanish. This book will be very useful the first book published in the Ameri-for reading aloud, and many of themfor librarians who recommend Span- cas, the 1543 Mexican imprint Doctrinaare beloved classics. ish-language children's books. Swann Caricature & Cartoon Fellowship Available he Caroline and Erwin Swanntinuing scholarly research and writ-are available through the Swann TFoundation for Caricature anding in the field of caricature and car-Foundation's Web site: www.loc.gov/ Cartoon, currently located in thetoon. Completed applications are duerr/print/swann/swannhome.html, Library of Congress, is again accept-February 15, 2002, and notificationby [email protected], or ing applications for its graduate will occur in spring of 2002. The fel-by calling Martha Kennedy in the fellowship. The Swann Foundationlowship will cover the 2002-2003 aca-Prints and Photographs Division of awards one fellowship annually (withdemic year. the Library of Congress at (202) a stipend of $15,000) to support con- Guidelines and application forms 707-9115.

DECEMBER 2001 281 1801a 0

Mystery of the Lost Colony Author Lee Miller Discusses Roanoke

BY ABBY YOCHELSON AND JAY SWEANY leagues and others fascinated by the ollowing the June publication of age-old puzzle of Roanoke. FRoanoke: Solving the Mystery of the Ms. Miller's own fascination began Lost Colony (New York: Arcade Pub- in 1988 when she traveled to Roanoke lishing, 2001), writer, anthropologist Island on a grant to study the Secotan and ethnohistorian Lee Miller was sent Indians. As she walked around a recon- by Arcade Publishing on a book tour structed fort from an earlier Roanoke of the southeastern United States. She military expedition in 1585-1586, she was amazed at her first lecture to be "became obsessed not only with the asked, "How did you hear about this Indians but with the colonists." This story anyway?" Thinking that the story obsession did not come to fruition for of the lost colony of Roanoke, N.C., more than a decade as she pursued a was rather like the story of Amelia master's degree in anthropology from Earhartone just knew it as part of Johns Hopkins University and other American consciousnessMs. Miller projects. continued to be surprised by the same From initial work reorganizing the question at each program. American Indian collection at the In fact, the lost colony of Roanoke Smithsonian Institution, Ms. Miller appears in virtually all elementary went on to become a nationally known school textbooks in America. The stan- expert in the history and cultures dard story includes the dashing Sir of American Indian nations, advising Walter Raleigh sending a colony of 115 groups such as the British Broadcasting men, women and children to NorthAuthor Lee Miller and her new book were featured in a Books &Corp., British National Public Radio, America under the leadership of John the Florida Museum of Natural His- White in 1587. A staple item on U.S.Beyond program at the Library Nov. 5. tory, the New York State Department history quizzes is the name of the first of Rural Economic and Community child born of British parents in North Development and various American America at Roanoke, Virginia Dare. Solviv the Mystery thr Lost Colony Indian tribal governments. From 1991 John White was forced to return to (1 to 1995, Ms. Miller worked in Holly- England immediately for additional 0.2(2) wood as a writer and head of research supplies, as the colony was danger- for Kevin Costner 's 1995 CBS minise- ously low. As the standard story goes, LEE IyLILLER ries, 500 Nations. Her research for that White was unable to return for three t. project convinced her of the need to years, due to the threat of the Spanish write From the Heart: Voices of the Amer- Armada. When he finally returned, ican Indian, featuring 350 nations, so there was absolutely no sign of the col- "far more Indian kids would know onyno people, no dwellings, not a their own heroes, other than Geronimo single nail, board or possession. The or Crazy Horse. It takes up where Bury only clue was the single word "Croat- My Heart at Wounded Knee leaves off." oan" carved into a tree, the name of a In Roanoke, she proposes a new theory nearby island with potentially friendly as to what happened to the colony Indians where the colonists may have and, more important, why. Previous gone for aid. A hurricane prevented studies of the Roanoke colony have all White from pursuing this lead, and the approached it from the British perspec- colonists were never found. 1 tive. "Once the colonists left the island, For 400 years, scholars have puzzled - they were in Indian territory. You need over the complete disappearance of the \. to study it from that [the Indiansl per- English colonists. On Nov. 5, Ms. Miller spective as well." A reading of the pri- spoke at the Library of Congress andtion, "1492: An Ongoing Voyage," andmary documents, such as letters by John suggested a solution to this intriguingthe associated Educators Institute. SheWhite, expedition accounts and letters mystery. The Humanities and Socialwas a contributor to Many Nations: A and records from the earlier expeditions Sciences Division and the Center for the Library of Congress Resource Guide for the to Roanoke, convinced Ms. Miller that Book sponsored her talk. Study of Indian and Alaska Native Peo- the colonists' voyage had been sabo- For Ms. Miller, her return to theples and has used many of the Library'staged from the start. The ship's captain, Library was a kind of homecoming. Shereading rooms and collections in theSimon Fernandez, prevented White and served as a consultant to the Librarycourse of her research. The overflowthe colonists from obtaining precious for its Columbus quincentenary exhibi-audience was filled with former col-water, food and salt at resupply stops

282 INFORMATION BULLETIN Cie in the Caribbean prior to landing themgress and England and even to Canadarior of North Carolina with their own on Roanoke Island. In fact, the ultimateto consult with Indian linguists. agendas and political maneuvering." destination for the colony was farther to Although Roanoke is thoroughly schol- Researching and writing Roanoke the north, in the Chesapeake region, but arly, with more than 75 pages of notes,took more than three years, and Ms. Fernandez refused to transport them references and bibliography, Ms. MillerMiller has just comp1pted a hnok on co.,-,nAum6: to pidn. chose to write it as a fast-paced mystery.a slave revolt in Suriname in 1772. Once this sabotage became clear toShe is pleased when she visits book-Although she hopes to publish fiction Ms. Miller, she decided to approach thestores to find it displayed in the mys-someday, she has begun work on an story as a detective studying a mysterytery section as often as it is found in theunsolved murder in the 19th century for motives and methods. "Along with"dusty history section in the dingy backin Maine. In addition to writing, she sabotage, I found espionage, mutinyof the store." Although Ms. Miller choseis currently focused on purchasing a and murder. I tried to put the wholenot to reveal her "solution" to the mys-farm of mnro than 600 acres in upstate thing together as a puzzle, fitting ittery during her presentation, she con-New York for a nature preserve, ardent together piece by piece. I kept expect-cluded that both the "Secotan Indiansin her work to safeguard land from ing to find holes in the puzzle, a miss- and the lost colonists were innocentdevelopment. ing piece or a piece that wouldn't fit,people ground down by big govern- but it never happened." Her exhaus-ment. They were all caught up in the Ms. Yochelson and Mr. Sweany are tive research took her from North Caro-quest for power in England, as well asreference specialists in the Humanities and lina and Virginia to the Library of Con-by powerful Indian nations in the inte- Social Sciences Division. New on Web-Braille Scores and Books About Music Now Available

Music scores and books aboutmusic materials has broadened acces-such as improved sound quality and music have been added to Web-sibility beyond current NLS books andnavigational features that will allow Braillebraille books on the Inter-magazines." users to skip paragraphs and jump neta program of the National Library Inaugurated on Aug. 24, 1999, Web-chapters. Service for the Blind and PhysicallyBraille became a milestone in the his- "The NLS Digital Talking Book pro- Handicapped (NLS) in the Library oftory of library service for blind indi-gram will create the world's largest Congress. More than 250 music itemsviduals by providing eligible readersdigitally based national talking book are now available with more materialwith a direct channel to thousands ofprogram by 2007," said NLS Director to be added as it is produced. electronic braille files. The free Internet Frank Kurt Cylke. "Analog technology "This extension of Web-Braille rep-braille program has more than 1,600has served us well, but it is moving resents the first collection of brailleregistered users. Nearly 3,890 digital toward obsolescence. Users are begin- music materials to be available on thebraille book files, 25 national maga- ning to expect their talking-book play- Internet for use by NLS patrons," saidzines and five national sports sched-back machines to have navigation fea- John Jackson, acting head of the NLSules are now available. tures found in CD and DVD players Music Section. Web-Braille usersineb iding indi-and computers, such as the ability to The specialized digital holdings con-viduals, schools and librariesaccessskip sections and return to a book- tain items not available from any otherthe digital books and magazinesmark. As analog cassette technology source, including many braille musicthrough Internet connections andbecomes more scarce, it will become scores. Some examples are J.S. Bach'sbraille output devices, such as brailletoo expensive. We must move to digi- The Well-Tempered Clavier, Books 1 andembossers or refreshable braille dis-tal audioas we have moved to digi- 2, for harpsichord/piano (NLS bookplays. NLS has linked its Internationaltal braille through Web-Brailleto take number BRM 00039 and BRM 00040); Union Catalog for braille and audioadvantage of improved features." Charles Marie Widor 's Symphony No.materials to Web-Braille. As a result, During the past 70 years, NLS has 5, Op. 42, for organ (Bk(M 03725); and Web-Braille books and magazines anddeveloped an inventory of more than Johannes Brahms's Motet from Psalmmusic may now be accessed directly23 million audio and braille books and LI, Op. 29, No. 2, for chorus (BRMfrom the catalog by using author, title, magazines that are circulated to a reader- 05218). Braille books and magazinessubject, language, keyword and othership of more than 759,000 blind, visually about music include issues of Musical search parameters. impaired and physically handicapped Mainstream, a quarterly publication of The NLS Web-Braille program isindividuals through a network of 138 the NLS Music Section that provides a one of two major digital efforts spear-regional and subregional libraries. selection of articles from various prom-headed by NLS. The second is an For more information, contact Robert inent music periodicals. effort to develop digital talking booksFistick, head of the Publications and Judith Dixon, NLS consumer rela-to replace outmoded analog equip-Media Section of the National Library tions officer, who created the Web-ment such as cassette players. DigitalService for the Blind and Physically Braille concept, said, "The addition oftechnology offers many advantages Handicaped, at (202) 707-9279.

DECEMBER 2001 283 Photos from the Clarence H. White School Library Acquires Warren and Margot Coville Collection

By VERNA POSEVER CURTIS Wiat do acclaimed photographers Margaret Bourke-White, Dorothea ll,angeand ; world-renowned typeset designer Frederic Goudy; and avant-garde painter Max Weber have in common? They were students or teachers at the landmark Clarence H. White School of Photography. The White School was responsible for training some of the world's most celebrated photographers of the 20th century. The Library recently acquired the Warren and Margot Coville Collection of the Clarence H. White School of Photography through a three-year gift-purchase agreement with the collectors and the Coville Photographic Art Foundation. The acquisi- Clarence H. White tion was part of the Library's Bicentennial Gifts to the Nation initiative (see www.loc.govibicentenniallgifts.html). The White School, the first in America to teach photography as an art form and to integrate design into its curriculum, flour- ished in New York City from 1914 to 1942. Photographer Clar- ence H. White's endeavor predated architect Walter Gropius's famous Bauhaus (1919-1933) in Weimar, Germany, where art- ists and craftsmen directed classes and production toward the goal of combining all the arts in an ideal unity and removing any distinction between the fine and applied arts. The Bauhaus sought to enhance the value of handcraft and use it for training artists, architects and designers. In a similar manner, the White School was dedicated to imbuing the craft of photography with the values and principles of art. The curriculum emphasized pic- torial construction based on pattern and brought abstract design into photography. When White first began teaching, the medium of photography was coming into its own as a means of artistic expression, and its advantages for communication had been acknowledged. Pho- tographs were preferred over wood engravings and often over

Gertrude LeRoy Brown drawings for illustration in newspapers and magazines. The use of photographs in advertisements was on the rise. But no place existed for people to learn how to use the camera in the art of seeing. Charismatic amateur photographer and teacher Clar- ence H. White was inspired to found a school that would advocate applying art principles to professional and commercial as well as art photography. It would pioneer in these fields and train the earliest practitioners. The hallmark of White's method was respect for the individu- ality of his students. To quote Margaret Watkins, White's student, staff member at the school and lifelong loyalist who wrote the introduction to the checklist for White's memorial exhibition, "He used himself to serve his art, and not his art to serve himself." From the beginning, the innovative school fostered aesthetic photography in advertising, pictorial illustra- Jim Ffiggins tion for articles and books and documentary work. It The Orchard, 1902; White, Gertrude Käsebier andattracted students from Canada and Japan and spawned students on the Terrace of the Pilot House, George-a generation of the most celebrated photojournalists, town Island, Maine, ca. 1913; Margot and Warrenhumanists and early cinematographers in America. In Coville study a portrait of Clarence White in theaddition to the photographers already mentioned, the list Library's Prints and Photographs Reading Room. included Paul Outerbridge Jr., Anton Bruehl, Karl Struss

284 INFORMATION BULLETIN Clarence White and Family, ca. 1905; Study of a Dancer, 1910 ar,d many women, such as Doris Ulmann, Laura Gilpin, Anne W. Brig- man, Margaret Watkins and Clara E. Sipprell. Washington's own jour- nalist and photographer MarvinBreckenridge (Mrs. Jefferson Patter- son), who was featured in a Library of Congress exhibition, "Women Gertrude Kasebie Come to the Front," studied there in theSchool. Kathy Erwin, the 1930s (see www.loc.gov/exhibits/wcf). collection's curator since On Oct. 11, the Prints and Photo-1992, shared fascinating graphs Division celebrated the acquisi-anecdotes from her four tion of the Coville Collection with a pro- years of intensive research gram in the into uncover this previously Clarence H. White the James Madison Building. This was little known, but highly influential,the United States. As he delved further, the first in a new series of lecturescircle. Her database now contains infor-Warren learned more about the differ- about photography being coordinatedmation about 1,300 White students. For-ences between the extroverted Alfred by Carol Johnson, a curator of photogra-merly a curator at the Detroit InstituteStieglitz, who was acknowledged as phy in the division. Library staff mem-of Arts, Ms. Erwin grew to feel not only the dominant leader of the American bers, photography curators from sev-like "the latter-day registrar of the White art photographers, and the more sub- eral other national institutions as well asSchool, but as if White's students aredued, but equally influential, White. other invited guests attended the pro-part of my extended family." Appealing to Coville's business sense gram. (A cybercast of the program will The Covilles began collecting pho-was the fact that, unlike Stieglitz, White be available from the Library's Web site tography in 1974. One of their first pur- did not eschew the commercial use of at www.loc.gov/loc/cyberlc.) chases was a portrait of cellist Pablothe medium. Photography entrepreneur and col-Casals by the CanadianYousuf Karsh, The quest to find photographs from lector Warren Coville recounted howa gift from Margot to Warren, a life-White's students led the Covilles on a he first became interested in the Whitelong photographer and owner of a20-year odyssey. An especially intrigu- successful film processing com-ing discovery was the whereabouts pany. Approximately five yearsof White's devoted assistant, Margaret later, the couple's direction forWatkins, who was born in Canada, but Stikekl....4,. THE FOURTH 1 WINTER SESSION continuing to collect startedafter White's death, went to Scotland, OF THE SCHOOL comingintoclearerfocus. eventually giving her photographs to I TS EAST 17711 STREET Wa rren her a me 4igucd by Nr.W VV.. a solicitor neighbor. AfLer puichasing ''.11'.2t-4S-1:P.' T. OLD WASIHNOTON Ins I No HOME one-liners about important pho- 4.. . tographers who studied at the OCTOBER 19-re, 1917 White School." However, the

MAY 31,, 5918 Covilles' unique collection of ' White School material began in ,c-6.,,,,,s;8,4*1 ---,,, earnest in 1980 with the pur- _'"r:rc. ---, % . V - , Students.are carefully trained ..a..-1-7"..,r;....:,' . t ' tn the SCAMc and art of Pho- ' tography. Many of the prnau, chase at auction of a portfolio, workers in Photography formerly in the collection of stu- have be. trained at the school dent Antoinette B. Hervey, with THE CLARENCEH WHITE nine photographs by Clarence SCHOOL OF PHOTOGRAPHY H. White, the master photogra- ,,,,,,tt,':,:r4k THE NINTH SUMMER pher whom they were discover- .' '..t.1 SESSION oftheSCHOOL ing to be at the forefront of the . CANAAN. CONNEk.TECUT art photography movement in JULY gni, 11)18 a i...' AUGUST 17ro. Igin A ddightful ,acation con,hined Poster for the White School wall profitabk imen.tion of Photography, October Fur further stiortnRion aAlrc.. CLARENCEIf. WHriF. 12: Esat 17th St, Ne. Sod 1917; Clarence White, ca. 1920

Doris Ulmann DECEMBER 2001 285 .Q4k r

Bryce Canyon, Utah, Fallbut in 1899, he also served on the pres- 1930 tigious jury of the Second Philadelphia Photographic held at the Pennsyl- in Europe of photographic soci- vania Academy of the Fine Arts. Emerg- eties to exchange ideas and orga-ing as a steadfast promoter of the Pic- nize juried exhibitions. Pictorial-torialist cause, White hoped to make ism quickly spread to the Unitedhis living through photography, and States, where photography clubsin 1906-1907 moved his family to New first sprang up on the East CoastYork City. The move strengthened his but soon were established in cities associations with Stieglitz, Day and the across the country. Alfred Stieglitz other Pictorialist leaders. The following from New York City is credited year, he was named a lecturer in pho- as the first American to inspiretography at Teachers College, Colum- his countrymen to pursue aestheticbia University. It was the first faculty goals and the earliest to act asposition for photography in an Ameri- their liaison to Europe; he is knowncan university. today as the founder in 1902 of the AfterStieglitz'sPhoto-Secession Photo-Secession, the group of Pic- group disbanded in the mid-1910s, Clar- torialists whom he invited to repre-ence H. White emerged as the foremost sent the best in American art pho-leader of the American art photogra- tography. However, it is less wellphers. For two decades, he continued known that F. Holland Day fromhis distinguished career as a teacher Laura Gilpin Boston, Frances Benjamin Johnstonfounding the Clarence H. White School some 420 works by 80 photographersfrom Washington, D.C., and Clarenceof Photography in 1910 as a summer from auction houses as well as dealers,H. White also acted as early influentialprogram in Maine to augment his teach- heirs or executors for the creators, theAmerican leaders. ing at Columbia (1907-1925) and the couple and their curator could take Born in Ohio, White was the son of aBrooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences pride in knowing that their determinedwholesale grocery salesman. After his(1908-1922) and after 1914, running the pursuit had uncovered vital informa-early interest in an art career met withWhite School in as an inde- tion about 60 formerly forgotten con-his parents' disapproval, he followedpendent venture. tributors to the history of photographyhis father as bookkeeper in the same In addition to teaching, White served and would soon bring to light a little-grocery business. In 1893, the year heas president from 1917 to 1921 of the known era in its development. married Jane Felix, White took up pho-Pictorial Photographers of America Pictorialism into Modernism: The Clar- tography as a substitute for painting(PPA), a national group with open ence H. White School of Photography, an and pursued it as an avo- exhibition and book of the same name,cation. He was a founding celebrated their collecting and scholarlymember of the Newark efforts. The exhibition traveled widelyCamera Club, which was from 1996 to 1999 and was seen at theestablished in his home- Detroit Institute of Arts, the Georgetown in 1898 to infuse pho- Eastman House (Rochester); the Inter-tography with the ideals of national Center of Photography (Newart. 0. Walter Beck, a Cin- York City); the Spencer Museum of Art, cinnati art professor, was the University of Kansas; the Univer-its inspiration, while White sity of Kentucky Art Museum; thewas its leader. The club, in Museum of Photographic Arts (Sanfact, became known infor- Diego); the Carleton University Artmally as the "White School." Gallery (Ottawa); the Addison GalleryBy the early 20th century, of American Art at Phillips Academythe completely self-taught (Andover); and the Palmer Museum of photographer had won an Art at Pennsylvania State University. international reputation for his artfully composed, softly Pictorialist Photographer Par focused platinum prints, Excellence: Clarence H.White having exhibited them in Even before he formally founded Boston, New York, London, his school, Clarence Hudson White Paris, Dresden, Vienna and (1871-1925) was an acclaimed memberTurin, Italy. of the international Pictorialist move- Not only was White's ment of amateur photographers who work represented regularly promoted photography as an art form. in Pictorialist exhibitions, That movement had begun in 1891 with the first exhibition of photography as art Southern Mountaineer, in Vienna and the subsequent formation ca. 1928 Doris Ulmann

286 INFORMATION BULLETIN -74

\ , . i"-- -- ,2) membership, which he founded to The Clarence H. exhibit and promote pictorial photog-White School of raphy. Between 1920 and 1929, PPAPhotography published five Pictorial Photography in In 1910, to augment America annuals, featuring full-page his courses in New York photographic reproductions. The orga-City and bring in extra nization also helped to establish the Artincome, White opened a Center at 65-67 E. 56th St. in New Yorksummer school for pho- City, in 1921, providing meeting andtography. Named the exhibition space for the PPA as wellSeguinland School of as six affiliated groups. Many WhitePhotography,itwas School alumni were honored with one-housed in a hotel, which person exhibitions there. was to be part of the new Margaret Watkins The American Institute of Graphic"Seguinland" resort on Verna and Teacup (Cutex advertisement), 1924 Arts (AIGA) was one of the groupsthe mid-coast of Maine affiliated with the Art Center. White'snear Georgetown and Seguin Island. to the idyllic coastal setting was the Pic- photogravure portrait of Frederic W.Pictorialist photographer F. Holland torialist Anne W. Brigman from North- Goudy, the famous American typo- Day, who summered nearby, had earlierern California, who made the pilgrim- graphic designer, was originally pro-invited White and his family to the areaage to Maine during an eight-month duced as a memento for its members. for a respite from the city and the oppor- visit to the East Coast. White's summer Responsible for the design of 124 dif-tunity to explore creative photographyschool in Maine lasted until 1915, when ferent type patterns, many of whichoutdoors. The fellowship between theWhite relocated to northwestern Con- remain in use today, Goudy served astwo photographers and their familiesnecticut's Berkshire Hills for summers. president of the AIGA from 1921 to 1923, was an important factor in White's deci-He reintroduced a summer school there, while he taught at the White Schoolsion to start the summer school. Stu-first in East Canaan, and then in Canaan from 1919 to 1923. Goudy's course, dents wore sailor suits, a practice begunthat lasted until his death. "Printing and Lettering," fostered theby Day and his summer guests, and In the fall of 1914, the Clarence H. blending of printing and photography,boarded at the Seguinland Hotel. DayWhite School of Photography opened especially in advertising. Goudy wished regularly conducted critiques for White'sits doors at 230 E. 11th St. in New York to publish a book of White's portraits ofstudents, as on occasion did New YorkCity. This was the first of four locations dancers, which never materialized. photographer Gertrude Käsebier. Afterfor the school in the burgeoning art and In 1925, while on a study trip to1912, the Pilot House adjacent to thepublishing capital. White's first instruc- Mexico with his students, White, still in hotel served as the school's studio andtor for art appreciation and design the prime of life at age 54, died of a rup-darkroom. Among the students attracted between 1914 and 1918 was avant- tured aortic aneurysm. As a garde painter Max Weber, who result, Columbia University's often posed for the students. Teachers College dropped the When Weber left, White hired art photography course he had one of his Columbia students, taught, but the White School Charles J. Martin. fortunately continued under In 1917 the school occupied the direction of his wife, Jane, the"WashingtonIrving and later, his youngest son, House" at 122 E. 17th St. at Clarence Jr. the corner of Irving Place ilea' The Library of Congress's Union Square and Gramercy association with Clarence H. Park. Three years later, when White began in 1926, shortly that location was no longer afterhisdeath, with the available, the Clarence H. purchase of a representative WhiteRealtyCorp.was group of his photographs formed in order to purchase from his widow. The 44 prints a building for the school, and are extremely high in quality; the White School resettled some are unique. They were again, at 460 W. 144th St., featured in White's memorial where it remained until 1940. exhibition at the Art Center. The uptown location pro- With works acquired from vided a meeting place for other sources, including a 1934 White'sColumbiaclasses. bequest (which included the From the 1920s on, photog- largest collection anywhere of rapher Edward Steichen was F. Holland Day's work), and among those who served reg- the current Coville acquisi- ularly as guest lecturers. White tion of nine photographs, vin- Wynn Richards students paid $150 per semes- tage White photographs in thePreparing Yarn for Weaving (National Cottonter, a fee that held constant Library now number 68. Council advertisement), 1948 until the school's closing. DECEMBER 2001 4ix 287 Coville Collection ied with White from 1921 to 1922, then Highlights worked in Paris in the mid-1920s, forg- The Coville Collectioning a link between photography and includes 80 White students andmodernism. Interestingly, the Coville is an extraordinary compilationCollection contains five of his works: of stunning art photographytwo of his well-preserved color photo- by its well- and lesser-knowngraphs using the faithful color rendering practitioners.Theseincludetechnique then in use, known as color humanist photographers Doro-carbro printing; a black-and-white still- thea Lange, Laura Gilpin and life; and two geometric drawings. This Doris Ulmann; modernists withvaried group complements the other 39 a commercial flair such as Paulphotographs donated to the Library in Outerbridge Jr., Ralph Steiner 1959 by Outerbridge's widow. and Anton Bruehl; soft-focus Steiner's hourlong exposure Type- portraitists and landscape pho- writer Keys,1921, a bold statement with tographers Paul L. Andersonthe potential to visually proclaim the and Clara Sipprell; Margaret worth of a commodity, was produced as Watkins and Wynn Richards, a White School exercise in design. who took practical turns in the Anton Bruehl, whose work was fields of documentary work and highly admired by students and who advertising; Margaret Bourke- later became known for the high-qual- White, the unconventional pho- ity color images that he produced for tojournalist; and Karl Struss, aCondé Nast's magazines, ran a com- pioneer cinematographer. mercial partnership with his brother Of the many women stu-Martin in New York from 1927 through dents White taught, Gilpin andthe 1930s. Top Hats, circa 1929, pro- Margaret Bourke-White duced for the Weber and Heilbroner Organ Pipes, ca. 1931 Ulmann, known todayfor important documentary cover-haberdashery, was one of their success- After Clarence White's unexpectedage of the Western landscape and ruralful advertising photographs. death in 1925, friends urged his widowSouthern types respectively, became The Coville Collection helped to re- to carry on despite the fact that his per-stars, and the Library acquired theirdiscover the work of Margaret Watkins sonality had been crucial to the advance-work after exhibiting it in the 1930s.and Wynn Richards, two lesser-known ment of the school. Though Jane FelixLaura Gilpin, close friend to Librariannames in the field of advertising work. White was not a photographer herself,Herbert Putnam's daughter Brenda,Watkins had a reputation for technical she took on the challenge and remainedhad urged the Librarian to purchaseexpertise, but she also took credit for the school's director until her retirementWhite's photographs after in 1940, when her youngest son, Clar-his death. Her Bryce Canyon, ence H. White Jr., took over. Jane and Utah (1930), from the Coville Clarence Jr. recruited more students,Collection, is a significant raising the enrollment to 106 by 1939.addition to other Colorado With greater numbers came significantand New Mexico scenes changes: twice as many men as womenalready held in the Prints (a reversal of the previous 2-to-1 ratioand Photographs Division. of women to men) and new classes. ArtUlmann's Southern Moun- integrated with techniquethe school's taineer (circa 1928), the por- previous hallmarkwas no longer cen-trait of a man "proud of tral to the curriculum. Nonetheless, thehaving been on the top of school continued to prosper, and its rep-every mountain in his section utation surpassed other competitors,of the country" belonged to such as the New York Institute of Pho-a series of Southern Moun- tography, a commercial school estab-taineers, Camera Portraits of lished in 1910, and the Studio School Types of Character Reproduced of Art Photography, which began infrom Photographs Recently 1920 and continued a strict orientationMade inthe Highlands of toward the soft-focus, Pictorialist style.the South. It now joins the A poorly timed and costly move to155 other photographs by larger, more centrally located quartersUlmann in the collections. at 32 West 74th Street in 1940, however, The commercially success- soon helped bring about its dosure. Theful Outerbridge, Bruehl and mobilization for World War II dealt theSteiner, who helped to inspire White School its final blow. After sur-or train others, were among viving for three decades, it closed itsthe most prominent former Ralph Steiner doors in 1942. students. Outerbridge stud- Typewriter Keys, 1921

288 INFORMATION BULLETIN introducing the kitchen still-life as a school exer-at Columbia, although she cise. Her Domestic Symphony (before 1921), was failed to do the regular reproduced in an illustrated article about herclass assignments. Never- newsworthy "modernist or Cubist patterns intheless, she recalled later composition." The Coville Collection contains 18inlife that White was of her rare photographs. "a good teacher, a great Mississippi native Wynn Richards, who leftteacher. ... I occasionally her husband and son to study with White inthink,'I wish he were Canaan and later in New York during 1918 andaround, I'd like to show 1919, was inspired to pursue a career in fash-him this.' ... I don't know ion photography. In the early 1940s, she waspeople whose work looks commissioned by the National Cotton Coun-likeClarenceWhite's, cil (her brother wasclfounding member) for itswhich, of course, is a great first national advertising campaign. Richardsrecommendation to him photographed state governors' wives and chil-as a teacher.... But he dren in cotton fashions and clothing designers touched lives." The single with their creations, while she also chronicledLange photograph in the the story of cotton from field to mill. Library's Coville Collec- Though acclaimed photojournalist Margarettion, Ex-Slave with a Long Bourke-White's introduction to photographyMemory (1937), is as evoc-

came from her engineer-inventor father, herative as any in the FSA col- Anton and Martin Bruehl training in design came from Clarence H. White.lection. Lange's empathy Resting Model, ca. 1935 With her first camera presented by her motherfor disadvantaged peo- after her father died, she took White's class in theples made her one of America's greatest humanist photographers. spring of 1922, her second semester at Columbia. The pictorial holdings in the Prints and Photographs Division are This began her long, daring and well-respectedparticularly rich in photographs, drawings, posters and prints made career as freelancer for architects, advertisersbetween World Wars I and II, when the White School flourished. Many and magazines. Today she is best known for herdirect parallels can be made between existing holdings and the newly industrial photographs and her documentationacquired Coville Collection. Arthur D. Chapman, for instance, originally of the Soviet Union in the early 1930s. was a newspaper printer. He first studied with White in summer school Karl Struss, another early White student, pio- in 1910 and later at the White School from 1915 to 1917, becoming co- neered in the field of cinematography. Afterdirector of the summer school held in New York City in 1921. After the a career in portrait, magazine and advertisingphotography curators at the Library learned that the Warren and Margot photography and service in World War I, StrussCoville Collection was available, Chapman's photographic portrait of went to Hollywood, where he shared the firstRalph Barton, the American caricaturist, cartoonist and critic, was found Academy Award in cinematography, for theamong the division's early-20th century copyright deposits. Having 1926 film "Sunrise." published his first drawing in 1897 at the age of 6, Barton had a pro- digious career as an illustrator for newspapers and magazines. Both Relationships to Other Collections at the the division's Caroline and Erwin Swami Collection of Caricature and Library of Congress Cartoon Art and its Cartoon Drawings Collection include his works. The The White School photographs perfectly com-Coville Collection also underscores the variety in Chapman's own pho- plement the Prints and Photographs Division'stographic production. As an example, Diagonals (1913), an abstraction holdings of early art photography in America bycreated from the tanglenfintemorting planes viewcd down Chrislopher supporting such strengths as the works acquiredStreet from the Sixth Avenue "el" in Greenwich Village, is a tour-de-force earlier by White and other PictorialistsDay,of urban architectural photography. Kasebier and Steichenas well as by the school's The Coville Collection forges links to other permanent collections more modernist studentsPaul Outerbridge Jr.,within the Library of Congress. Aline Meyer Liebman, sister of Eugene Laura Gilpin, Doris Ulmann, Margaret Bourke-Meyer, was a White student and an important patron of Stieglitz's revo- White and Antoinette B. Hervey. lutionary "291" gallery on Fifth Avenue, where some of the most gifted Additionally, the Coville Collection builds aartists and photographers of the time were shown. The papers of Agnes bridge between the significant holdings of 19th and Eugene Meyer (who purchased The Washington Post in 1933) are in century Pictorialist photography and the Farmthe Library's Manuscript Division. Forty-two photographic prints by Security Administration-Office of War Informa-Liebman are in the Coville Collection. Clarence H. White's photographs tion (FSA-OWI) archives (see memory.loc.gov/of other Meyer relatives now complement photographs by Edward Stei- ammem/fsowhome.html) for which the Printschen from the Meyer Collection. and Photographs Division is best known. The The Library's Rare Book and Special Collections Division houses FSA was a part of the Franklin Roosevelt-era Fed- an important archives acquired from type designer Frederic Goudy, eral Resettlement Administration; the FSA-OWI White's close early associate in New York. This collection was origi- archives contained about 160,000 prints, neg-nally purchased by the Library from Goudy in 1944 after a disastrous atives and related materials. ,workshop fire. It includes his typographic designs, personal library an FSA photographer whose Migrant Mother ison typography, materials relating to his commercial design work and the most recognized.symbol of agrarian povertynumerous other examples of fine printing. Including manuscripts during the Great Depression, took White's class continued on page 290

DECEMBER 2001 289 4.8,5 a 0 ,

'-.111t., Leadership Deve opment Program Kluge Meets with LDP Fellows for 2001-2002

BY GIULIA ADELFIO AND FEHL CANNON adison Council Chairman John Kluge, a benefactor of the Library's Leadership Development Program, met with the 2001-2002 Leadership Development Program (LDP) Fellows in the Thomas Jefferson Building on Oct. 10. Mr. Kluge has served as chair of the Madison Council since its incep- tion in 1990, and is the Library's most generous individual donor, providing both leadership and financial support. This was the first meeting of Mr. Kluge and this year's LDP fellows, the third group since the program began in 1995. Ten fellows were selected from throughout the Library of Congress to participate in a yearlong series of orientations, training seminars and work assignments. The program pro- Vnnan Ronay vides the fellows with opportunities to Leadership Development Program Fellows and supporters are (from develop leadership skills, professionalleft) Darleene Sewell-Jones, John Lewis, Tsai-Hong Miller, Robert contacts and to gain a broader under-Saladini, Ingrid Bough-Bell, Joseph Agyemang, John Kluge, James standing of the Library's scope. Billington, Taru Spiegel, Giulia Adelfio, Robin Rausch, Fehl Cannon, For the Fellows, this meeting wasFern Underdue and Jo Ann Jenkins. the highlight of an intensive first two weeks of orientation to the Library Speaking on the nature of leader-most satisfaction, Mr. Kluge replied, and its programs. The Fellows intro-ship, Mr. Kluge focused on the impor-"Change. Even at my age, I am rest- duced themselves to Mr. Kluge and tance of setting professional goals andless." He attributes his drive to the per- spoke briefly about their prior Libraryof honoring promises and commit-sonal challenge of always attempting experiences, ideas and future goals.ments. "It's the effort you make. You'd to make things better. Mr. Kluge ended In addition to Mr. Kluge and the Fel-be amazed how people take notice," he the meeting with final remarks prais- lows, the Librarian of Congress, Chief said. He stressed the potential of eaching James H. Billington for his vision of Staff Jo Ann Jenkins and Programindividual's contribution to make theand leadership of the Library. Manager Fern Underdue participatedLibrary a better institution. The 2001-2002 Leadership Devel- in the discussion. When asked what brings him theopment Program Fellows are Giulia Adelfio (Interpretive Programs Office); Photos found. The Covilles and curator Joseph Agyemang (National Library Services for the Blind and Physically continued from page 289 Kathy Erwin took satisfaction in the fact that the Library of Con- Handicapped);Ingrid Bough-Bell that were added in 1975, it numbersgress already had a 75-year his- (Copyright Office); Fehl Cannon (Euro- more than 3,000 pieces. toryeven before their collection pean and Latin American Acquisi- Two works by Margaret Bourke-was acquiredof valuing the work tions Division); John Lewis (National White and Wynn Richards from the of Clarence H. White, his art pho- Library Services for the Blind and Phys- Coville Collection are currently fea-tography circle and students. The ically Handicapped); Tsai-Hong Miller tured in the "Recent Acquisitions"Library is now enriched by valu- (CopyrightOffice);Robin Rausch case in the Thomas Jefferson Build-able research and the acquisition (MusicDivision);Robert Saladini ing "American Treasures from theof the Covilles' careful selection (Music Division); Darleene Sewell- Library of Congress" exhibitionof objects from the wider White- Jones (Protective Services); and Tam (www.loc.govlexhib its), comple-inspired circle, which carried pho- Spiegel (European Division). menting the current rotation of orig-tography from Pictorialism into inal works by women creators.Modernism in the 20th century. Ms. Adeffio of the Interpretive Programs As researchers study the newly Office and Mr. Cannon of the European processed collection, connections Ms. Curtis is a curator of photography in and Latin American Acquisitions Division to more Library treasures will be the Prints and Photographs Division. are 2001-2002 Leadership Development Program Fellows.

290 INFORMATION BULLETIN 411@ A Century of Cataloging Distribution CDS Celebrates Anniversary, Lookshead

By ROBERT HANDLOFF such as CD-ROMs begin planning to he Cataloging Distribution Serviceand the Internet, make authority T(CDS) kicked off its 100th anni-took over the labor- records available in versary celebration with two eventsintensivejobof new formats and at on Nov. 13, a morning miniexpositionmaking printed no cost to users. She of CDS products and services and ancards. CDS pub- suggested that CDS afternoon Cataloging Forum. lished its last cat- take the lead in cre- The specialCataloging Forum,alogingcardin ating a virtual inter- "Reshaping Cataloging Distribution 1997. national authority for the 21st Century," looked briefly at Ms. Mendenhall file to ensure there CDS history and challenged the orga-asked panelists, in is consistent appli- nization to expand services and makelightofcatalog- cation of cataloging them free. ing changes taking rules. Participating on the forum panelplace, how CDS Ms. Hirons exam- were Beacher Wiggins, director forshould reshape its Helen Hester-Ossa ined the question cataloging; Sally McCallum, chiefservicesfortheDirector for Cataloging Beecherof cataloging dis- of the Network Development andfuture. Wiggins cuts the Catalogingtribution from the MARC Standards Office (NetDev/ Mr. Wiggins dis-Distribution Service anniver-perspective of the MS0); John Byrum, chief of the cussedthelong-sary celebration cake. Serials Cataloging Regional and Cooperative Catalog-standing symbiotic Cooperative Train- ing Division (RCCD); Barbara Tillett,relationship between the Cataloginging Program. CDS provides training chief of the Cataloging Policy andDirectorate and CDS. He said CDSmaterials to ensure that Program Support Office (CPS()); and Jeanshould serve as a source of expandedfor Cooperative Cataloging mem- Hirons, CONSER Operations coor-cooperative cataloging. bers will consistently apply catalog- dinator. Kathryn Mendenhall, acting Mr. Byrum pointed out that theing rules for serials. Ms. Hirons chal- CDS chief, moderated the forum. modes and methods of distributinglenged CDS to provide a platform for Congratulating CDS on its 100thcataloging data have changed to meetWeb-based training. birthday, John Celli, chief of the Cata- the needs of libraries and that in the Following panel presentations, this loging in Publication (CIP) Division,future users will want more infor-writer presented copies of the CDS presented Ms. Mendenhall with anmation about books than is currentlypublication Proceedings of the Bicen- oversize birthday card. available in cataloging data. Thesetennial Conference on Bibliographic In her introductory remarks, she"bibliographic enrichments" mightControl for the New Millennium to five summarized CDS history and theinclude an image of a book's jacket,winners. technological changes that shifted theinformation about the author, key- The morning miniexposition of CDS way CDS does business. On Oct. 28,word table of contents on the CIPproducts and services was also a cel- 1901, the Library announced to somerecord and book summaries. ebration of the cooperation between 500 libraries its intention to distribute Ms. McCallum emphasized thatCDS and ihe divisions that have pro- printed catalog cards, and on June 28,MARC standards are the key to thevided the bibliographic and catalog- 1902, President Theodore Rooseveltinterchangeof bibliographicdata,ing information that CDS publishes. signed the law authorizing the sale ofwhich eventually should be available A display of historical materials cards and other publications. at no cost to users. She said CDS willdrawn from the files of CDS included By the 1960s, CDS had become thehave to refine its mission to meet thean 1895 version of the Library of Library's largest division, with a staffneed to respond in alternative syntaxesCongress Subject Headings complete of some 600 people who shippedto MARC; transfer records, which nowwith handwritten notations for the more than 78 million cataloging cardsare part of huge databases, in smallerLibrary's Rare Book Room. each year. This operation occupiedquantities tailored to the needs of indi- CDS will continue the celebration floor space larger than a football fieldvidual users; provide Web access tointo2002withthepublication "including the end zones," said Ms.metadata at no cost to users; and pro-of a special commemorative poster. Mendenhall. "It was a monster thatvide cataloging data on journal arti-The culmination will be a reception gave way to the miracle of MARC." cles. These services, offered on a value-at the American Library Association The Machine Readable Catalogingadded basis, will allow open access toannualmeetingnextJunein (MARC) standard made it possibleusers and at the same time ensure theAtlanta. for libraries to exchange cataloging continued viability of CDS. data, which CDS distributed on Ms. Tillett returned to one of Ms. Mr. Handloff is a promotions specialist in tapes. New information technologies,McCallum's points, that CDS should the Cataloging Distribution Service.

DECEMBER 2001 291

.t., 61 'V' Globalization and Civil Society Symposium Addresses Change in the Muslim World

By MARYJANE DEEB Amira El-Azhary Sonbol, associatein Ottoman Turkey in the 1820s and n Nov. 14 the Library's Africanprofessor of Islamic history, law and1830s. She argued that there were two Qand Middle Eastern Division andsociety in the Center for Muslim-Chris-sets of laws in Ottoman society: one the Office of Scholarly Programs co-tian Understanding at Georgetownfor ordinary subjects and another for sponsored a symposium on "Global-University, addressed the issue of civilcivil servants. The latter were at the ization and Civil Society in the Muslimsociety through court records in Egyptmercy of the state, which could con- World." This was the seventh in aat the end of the 18th and the begiiming fiscate their property whenever it series of symposia on "Globalizationof the 19th centuries. Her research intochose to. Under the Ottoman Sultan and Muslim Societies" made possiblethose records revealed a very complexMahmud II and his successor, a series in part by a grant from the Rockefellerand rich system of law based not onlyof reforms were introduced, in the first Foundation. on shari'a, or Islamic law, but also onpart of the 19th century. These reforms, Carolyn Brown, assistant librariantradition, or applied law. known as the Gulhane Rescript, were for Library Services and acting direc- Ms. Sonbol argued that peoplein response to the criticisms of that tor of Area Studies, welcomed therather than abstract principles deter-dual policy by religious scholars attendees gathered in the Whit- and members of Sufi orders tall Pavilion surrounded by the such as the Nakshabandis. The magnificent collection of Strad- "[Newspapers have played an Rescript, which curtailed state ivarius violins. She thanked important] role in educating and powers, enabled the modern- the organizers of the conference ization of both society and the and reminded the audience informing the population [in military in Turkey and in other that the purpose of the series of parts of the Ottoman empire. symposia was to expand peo- Iran], sometimes determining The second panel focused ple's knowledge and under- the day's political agenda." on contemporary case stud- standing of Islam and Muslim ies. Michael Hudson, the Seif societies. She noted that some Ramin Jahanbegloo Ghobash Professor of Arab of the symposia, videotaped by Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellow Studies and professor of inter- Information Technology Ser- National Endowment for Democracy national relations at George- vices, are available on Library's town University, gave a broad Web siteatwww.loc.gov/ overview of the state of civil locvideo/mslm/globalmushm.html. mined the laws that regulated society.society in the Arab world. He dis- The first panel, chaired by this writer, For instance, although a strict adher-cussed six trends that are affecting focused on "Civil Society in Historicalence to shari'a in a Muslim court ofcivil society: a "state in crisis," a reli- Perspective." Richard Khuri, scholar atlaw would make the testimony of onegious resurgence of militant Islamic the Council for Research and Valuesman worth that of two women, thosegroups, a greater ethnic and sectarian at Catholic University in Washington,court records revealed that judges inawareness, "demography colliding presented a paper on "The Originthe courts used testimony based onwith economic sluggishness," global- of Civil Society in Islam." He notedevidence irrespective of the genderization and the rapid expansion of that the principle of civil society wasof the person testifying. Similarly,civil society throughout the modern enshrined in Muslim legal texts. Smallin marriage contracts, Ms. Sonbolworld. The impact on the region has communities, traditionally the basismaintained, women had the powerbeen an increase in formal associa- of civil society in the Muslim world,to decide the kind of marriage andtions such as political parties, pro- included those gathered around Sufidivorcesettlementsthey wanted.fessional associations, chambers of shrines, merchants in commercial cen-Slaves could sue their masters if theycommerce, think tanks, trade unions ters (the bazaar), craftsmen within theirwere mistreated, and Christian andand the like, as well as more infor- guilds, as well as Islamic scholars whoJews often resorted to Muslim courtsmal groups such as patron-client rela- played an important role interpretingwhen they could not get satisfaction intions, religioUs zawiyas and occupa- Koranic text and acting as referencetheir own separate courts. Today thetional networks. sources for local communities on reli-state has created uniform codes and Muriel Atkin, professor of history gious matters. In modern times, themodernized and centralized the legalat George Washington University, Muslim state has taken over religioussystem. This has alienated people andaddressed the issue of civil society in institutions and is treating society,undermined the rules that used toTajikistan, where she has done a lot according to Mr. Khuri, as "a machine."govern the relations among membersof her research. She argued that the By maximizing the material aspects ofof a civil society, she said. "modern state has been extraordinarily culture, he said, the state has eroded Madeline C. Zilfi, professor andintrusive in the lives of its citizens," the complex system of interpersonalassociate chair of the Department ofsometimes benevolently but at other relations that was the very foundationHistory at the University of Mary-times with disastrous consequences. of traditional Muslim civil society. land, examined state-society relationsThe Soviet state erased the "historical

s INFORMATION BULLETIN 292 , 'HO 0

an base of civil society" by cracking downment quickly stifled or co-opted them,cal parties, have played an important on all aspects of religion and especially.she noted. "role in educating and informing the on Islam. Today, despite the collapse The last panelist was Ramin Jahan-population... sometimes determining of communism, the nomenclature hasbegloo, a Reagan-Fascell Democracythe day's political agenda." There has changed but the mentality of the oldFellow at the National Endowment foralso emerged a group of young intel- ruling elite has remained. Because ofDemocracy whose talk focused on thelectuals who are more aware of the the impact of globalization amongrole of intellectuals in Iran's civil soci-impact of globalization and who "can other forces, there emerged briefly, inety. He maintained that "civil societyinfluence the Iranian political class by the early 1990s, some cultural heritagein the sense of an autonomous spherehelping it to understand how the world clubs, tribal and ethnic structures,of associations whose growth is facili-is changing." environmental groups, small politicaltated by the legal system, does not exist parties, the nucleus of an Islamicin Iran." On the other hand, there hasMs. Deeb is the Arab world area specialist movement and women and businessbeen a proliferation of newspapers and in the African and Middle Eastern associations. However, the govern-magazines that, in the absence of politi- Division. Ties with Switzerland Library Accepts Generous Swiss Donation

By DAVID B. MORRIS the area of belles-lettres. Subsequently, n1884, Librarian of Congress Ain- this writer, Grant Harris and Eric Sol- Isworth Rand Spofford sent George sten of the Library's European Divi- H. Boehmer to Europe with the task of sion worked with the Swiss cultural arranging publications exchange pro- counselor, Hanna Widrig, to secure the grams. One of the outcomes of Boehm- donation by the Swiss Arts Council er's tour was the establishment of the (Pro-Helvetia) of the titles Mr. Rod had Library's first official ties with Switzer- identified. land. Reporting that year from Bern on --s- Although it includes important works Oct. 20, Boehmer noted the enthusiasm Chrisbna Tyler Wenks in the areas of history, economics and of his Swiss contacts not only for enter-Dr. Billington and Christian Blick- politics, the donation is weighted heav- ing into exchange agreements, but also enstorfer, the ambassador of Swit- ily toward literature in all four of Swit- for donating works to the Library's col-zerland to the United States zerland's official languagesFrench, lections: German, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romanic. "As regards historical publications,the relationship Boehmer established.This weight is perhaps an indicator of the Government of Switzerland standsOn Nov. 15 Switzerland's ambassadorhow the exchange of ideas between pre-eminent in her promise to supply to the United States, Christian Blicken-the United States and Switzerland has as complete a collection as can bestorfer, met with Dr. Billington in thechanged since Boehmer's day. In a obtaineda library in itselfof theLibrarian's ceremonial office and pre-world where both countries have fully historical works of that republic." sented the Library with a donation ofestablished systems of political partici- The emphasis on "historical publi-nearly 300 titles. Ambassador Blick- pa tion and rerresentati^n, mutual learn- cations' in Boehmer's dealings withenstorfer began his remarks by quot- ing and exchange come less through the his Swiss counterparts almost certainlying Boehmer's report to Spofford.borrowing of political forms and more derived from the interest the politicalThe donation, which goes beyond thethrough the window of culture. How- system of Switzerland was attractingLibrary's already excellent exchangeever, the linguistic diversity of Switzer- among American reformers at the time,relationship with Switzerland, demon-land's rich literary output presents a who saw new forms of direct democ-strates the same enthusiasm for con-considerable collections challenge for racy, such as the ballot initiative and thetributing to the Library's collectionsspecialists in the Library of Congress. referendumfirst developed by theBoehmer first observed almost 120The Swiss donation, as well as the Swissas weapons against the influ-years ago. continuing exchange relationship with ence of robber barons and Tammany Closecooperation betweentheSwitzerland, will assist the Library in Hall. In this light, the exchange ofLibrary and Swiss institutions pre- meeting this challenge. As Dr. Billington books that Boehmer began reflectedceded the donation. During a visitsaid in accepting the gift, the Swiss a far deeper tradition of exchange ofin 1999 arranged by Robert Dardano donation is "a fine example of the inter- political ideas that had nurtured andof the Library's Northern Europeannational cooperation and generosity solidified both nations at importantAcquisitions Section and supported bythat play such a vital role in maintain- times in their history. a grant from the Swiss-American Cul-ing the richness and diversity of the Fresh acquisitions in the form of atural Exchange Council, Jean-Marc Rod Library's collections." generous Swiss donation have recentlyof the Swiss National Library under- given the Library and Switzerland antook a review of the Library of Con- Mr. Morris is the German area specialist in opportunity to review and reinforcegress's Swiss collections, especially in the European Division.

DECEMBER 2001 4 293 Itt News from the Center for the Book Hawaii, New Jersey Centers Approved

e Library of Congress has [email protected]. Taipprovedproposals for new The New Jersey Center for the state centers for the book from Book will be hosted by the School of Hawaii and New Jersey. Each will Communication, Information and be affiliated with the Center for the Library Studies at Rutgers, the State Book in the Library of Congress for University of New Jersey, in New 2002-2004, then eligible for renewal Brunswick. Gustav W. Friedrich, for three-year periods. 'This is a won- dean of the school, is a member of derful development," said Center the founding advisory board. The for the Book Director John Y. Cole. coordinator is Renee B. Swartz, a "It marks Hawaii's first center and New Jersey library advocate with a brand new center for New Jersey, wide experience throughout the where the state library hosted a stateHawaii State Librarian Virginia Lowellstate. Members of the advisory center from 1990 to 1993. There areand Renee Swartz, coodinator of the Newboard include representatives from now affiliated centers in 44 statesJersey Center for the Book the New Jersey State Library the and the District of Columbia." New Jersey Council for the Human- The Hawaii Center will be hosted byof libraries groups and literacy provid-ities, the New Jersey Literary Hall of the Hawaii State Library in Honolulu.ers. Each group will be part of the newFame, the New Jersey Historical Asso- State Librarian Virginia Lowell is thecenter, which will support its projectsciation and other libraries and organi- executive director, and Caroline Spen-through private sector funding. Two ofzations throughout the state. cer, director of public libraries branches,the Hawaii Center for the Book's first The New Jersey Center for the Book's will serve as the statewide coordinator.projects will be establishing an appro- mission is "to celebrate books, reading, The staff of the Hawaii State Librarypriate statewide book award and thelibraries and the diverse literary her- will provide support for the new center,development of a Hawaii Center foritage of New Jersey." The creation of which will focus on "promoting andthe Book Web site that will include aa Web site and the development of encouraging reading and an apprecia-calendar of book, library and readinga literary map of New Jersey will be tion of books," as well as celebratingevents throughout Hawaii. among the new center's first projects. Hawaii's rich cultural, ethnic and liter- For information about the Hawaii For information about the New Jersey ary heritage. Initial planning meetingsCenter for the Book, contact CarolineCenter for the Book, contact Renee for the center, held in June and August,Spencer, coordinator, Hawaii CenterB. Swartz, coordinator, New Jersey brought together educators, historians, for the Book, Hawaii State Library,Center for the Book, telephone (732) librarians, scholars, book sellers, pub- 465 S. King St., Honolulu, Hawaii842-3046, fax (732) 842-5475, e-mail: lishers, authors, print makers, friends 96813, telephone (808) 586-3553, e-mail:[email protected].

Viburnum/Center for Book Family Literacy Project Expands Now in its fourth year, the Viburnum Foundation/Center for the Book Family Literacy Project promotes the planning, training and promotion of family literacy among rural public libraries and their community partners. Funded by the Viburnum Foundation with $3,000 grants to small public libraries in rural communities, the project is adminis- tered by the Center for the Book, which also organizes and conducts two regional train- ing workshops each year for library grantees and their partners. Center for the Book consultant Virginia H. Mathews, a nationally known literacy and library advocate, is project coordinator and workshop director. She is assisted by two Center for the Book staff members: Anne Boni, program specialist, and Patricia White, executive assistant. Forty-five small public libraries in 10 states received grants in 2001. "Thanks to the generosity of the Viburnum Foundation, this year our joint endeavor has expanded to include literacy projects in three new statesArizona, Arkansas, South Caro- linaand grants to an all-time high of 45 small public libraries," said Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole. The training workshops, held this year in Montgomery, Ala. (Aug. 22-24), and Albu- querque, N.M. (Sept. 12-14), introduced participants to family literacy practices and techniques, but emphasized partnership possibilities and local resources. "What we're

Molly Turner, executive director of the Viburnum Foundation and the founder of the Viburnum Family Literacy project, participated in the Aug. 22-24 workshop in Montgomery, Ala.

294 INFORMATION BULLETIN *

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really about is communtty 'develop- ment," said Ms. Mathews. "This year we focused on how the grantee librar- ies could cooperate with local chapters of national associations such as Boys and Girls Clubs of America and the YMCAwhich furnished speakers for both workshops. We train librari- ans how to partner with community groups and we educate high-level state officials about the importance of librar- ies, literacy and reading." Other work- shop speakers came from health care, juvenile justice, youth services, child care, public television, early childhood and mental health organizations. More than 90 people from five states participated in the Montgomery workshop, which included a recep- tion hosted by Alabama first lady Lori Siegelman. Annie Lucas Brown, consultant for the Alabama Public Library Service (APLS), helped organize the program, and APLS Direc- tor Lamar Veatch was a participant. Support was provided by the Ala- bama Center for the Book, which is located at the Center for the Arts and Humanities at Auburn University. Allen Cronenberg and Jay Lamar represented the center. In spite of the tragedy on Sept. 11, Virginia Mathews proceeded with the Albuquerque workshop, assisted by Marsie Cate, coordinator of the New Mexico Center for the Book, and Oklahoma Center for the Book coordinator Glenda Cathie. More than 40 people from five states partici- pated, including New Mexico State Librarian Ben Wakashige. Program highlights included an evening program of professional storytelling and a keynote address by Bob Pasternack, former state director of educa- tion in New Mexico and now assistant secretary for the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services in the U.S. Dept. of Education. Libraries that received Viburnum grants in 2001 and participated in the 2001 workshops are listed below.

Tina Nolen (above, from left) of the Ashland (Ala.) Public Library, project coordinator and workshop director Virginia Mathews, first lady of Alabama Lori Siegelman (who hosted a reception for the Alabama workshop) and Annie Lucas Brown, consultant for the Alabama Public Library Service: Molly Kinney. consultant fel!. the Georgia Office of Public Library Services lets her voice be heard. Lamm_

Alabama. AshlandCity Library System, Van Buren; Jim RougeParishLibrary,Port Sapulpa Public Library, Sapulpa; PublicLibrary;B.B.Corner G. Ferguson Searcy County Allen. MetropolitanPublicLibrary Memorial Library, Sylacauga; Library Marshall; Philips Mississippi. Columbus- System, Choctaw. CollinsvillePublicLibrary; County Library, Helena. Lowndes Public Library Colum- South Carolina. Abbeville- Lewis Cooper Jr. Public Library Georgia. CEL Regional bus; Elizabeth Jones Library Greenwood Regional Library, Opelika; Pell City Public Library; Library, Midway /Riceboro Grenada; Central Mississippi Greenwood; Berkeley County Huntsville-Madison County Branch,Savannah;Clayton Regional Library System Library Moncks Corner; PublicLibrary;Blue Spring County Library System, Jones- (RaleighLibrary),Brandon; ColletonCountyMemorial Branch, Huntsville; Ozark-Dale boro;East Central Georgia WavelandLibraryLiteracy Library, Walterboro; George- County Public Library Ozark. Regional Library,Augusta; Hall Center, Waveland. town County Library System, Arizona.CooperQueen County Library System, Gaines- New Mexico. Belen Public Georgetown; Sumter County Library Bisbee; Mohave Countyville; Peach Public Libraries, Library; David Cargo Public Library, Sumter; York County LibraryDistrict, Kingman; Fort Valley; Ohoopee Regional Library Mora; Glenwood Com- Library, Rock Hill. Friends of the Tucson-Pima Library System, Vidalia; West munity Library; Moise Memo- Texas. Crowley Public Public Library, Tucson. Georgia Regional Library, Car- rial Library Santa Rosa; Mori- Library;Duval County/San Arkansas. Arkansas River rollton. arty Community Library; Silver Diego Public Library San Diego; Valley Regional Library, Darda- Louisiana. Washington Parish City Public Library. Eden Public Library; Longview nelle; Crawford County Public Library, Franklinton; West Baton Oklahoma. Bartlett-Carnegie Public Library.

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