DOCSLIB.ORG

Poets, Patrons, and Professors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Poets, Patrons, and Professors Poets, Patrons, and Professors Sir Philip Sidney, Daniel Rogers, and the Leiden Humanists J.A. van Dorsten bron J.A. van Dorsten, Poets, Patrons, and Professors. Sir Philip Sidney, Daniel Rogers, and the Leiden Humanists. University Press / Oxford University Press, Leiden / Londen 1962 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/dors002poet01_01/colofon.htm © 2006 dbnl / erven J.A. van Dorsten V Prefatory note ALTHOUGH this study was first designed as an attempt to trace a pattern in the general picture presented by the literary connexions between Elizabethan England and the Low Countries in the sixteenth century, the material itself soon suggested a focal point in the relations between Britain and the University of Leiden in the early years after its foundation. This latter relationship has been analyzed in greater detail, both, it is hoped, as a contribution to our knowledge of sixteenth-century literary traffic and for the special cultural-historical information of interest to students of the literatures concerned. In order to do justice to these themes it seemed proper to quote generous selections from some of the documents that have come to light and to supply ample reference material. As a rule no source is given for facts that can be found in the established biographical reference books. In the course of collecting my data I have invariably met with much interest and generosity. I am deeply grateful to the Right Hon. the Marquess of Hertford for allowing repeated inspections of a manuscript of poems by Daniel Rogers in his library. Curators, Keepers, Librarians, and staff-members of the British Museum Library, the Bodleian Library, Cambridge University Library, the Public Record Office, the Leiden Town Archives, Bibliotheca Thysiana, Print Room, and Archives of the Senate and Curators, the Royal Library at The Hague, and the University Libraries of Leiden, Utrecht, and Amsterdam I wish to thank for many courtesies; and for permission to reproduce materials in their possession the directors of the Bodleian Library, the Royal Library, the Boymans Museum at Rotterdam, and the Leiden Town Archives, Lakenhal Museum, Academical Historical Museum, University Library, and Print Room. I am much obliged to the Netherlands Organization for J.A. van Dorsten, Poets, Patrons, and Professors VI the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.) and the ‘Leidsch Universiteits Fonds’ for their aid on some occasions when visits to English libraries and archives were requisite, and the former more particularly for subsidizing the publication of the results. I have also every reason to be grateful to the publishers and the printer of this book for their unsparing co-operation. While acknowledging a general debt to all those who have given me the benefit of their advice, I should like to express my special gratitude to Professor A.G.H. Bachrach for so much encouragement and invaluable criticism, and for inviting me to appear in the Publications of the Institute; to Professor J.H. Waszink for very kindly correcting many of the translations; to Dr. R.B.C. Huygens for reading some of the Rogers poems with me; and to Mr. R.C. Strong of the National Portrait Gallery for his stimulating comment. I should like to record my obligations to Mr. C.D.L. Engelbach for editorial advice. Finally, I owe a debt to my wife for much more than compiling the index. J.A.v.D. J.A. van Dorsten, Poets, Patrons, and Professors 1 Introduction An ideal academia ON 8 February 1575, some eight years after the beginning of the Dutch struggle against the tyranny of Spain and at a time so unsettled that few would have risked predicting an ultimate victory, the solemn opening ceremony of the first University of the northern Netherlands took place, little more than a month after the Prince of Orange had urged its foundation1. ‘So great is the confidence of the Gueux’, the politician Hubert Languet wrote to the Duke of Saxony, ‘that now they consider the foundation of a public school or Academy in the Dutch fortress of Leiden which the Spanish have besieged only a few months ago’.2 Perhaps Leiden's loyalty in recent trials had not itself been the immediate occasion for the establishment of this Protestant University, but at least there was an obvious connexion between the University's location and the momentous year of 1574. In that year the city guard under the poet-scholar Janus Dousa (Jan van der Does), and the citizens of Leiden themselves, had successfully endured the hardships of a Spanish siege - assisted only by a handful of others, who happened to be Englishmen3. 1 See Bronnen tot de geschiedenis der Leidsche Universiteit, ed. P.C. Molhuysen, The Hague, I, 1913, pp. 1*-2*. 2 H. Languet to August Duke of Saxony, Prague, 1 March 1575 (Huberti Langueti epistolae secretae, Halle, 1699, I, [ii], p. 75). See Appendix II, no. 1. 3 Avis, 23 August 1574: ‘Within the towne are noe soldiers, but the burgars (saving George Gascoyns lieutenent, named Cromvell, with 30 of his compagnye, whiche, beinge owt to discover, recoverid into the towne, as the reast of theire compagny in Valkenburgh weare invironed by the ennymye)’ (Relations politiques des Pays-Bas et de l'Angleterre, ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove, Brussels, VII, 1888, no. MMDCCCXV). The poet-soldier Gascoigne himself had had the gates barred against him and was imprisoned by the Spanish (see G. Gascoigne, The fruites of Warre, in Complete Poems, ed. W.C. Hazlitt, London, 1869, I, pp. 147-196). A few documents relating to payments made to these English soldiers are preserved in the Leiden town archives (Secr. arch., nos. 1334, 1335, 1364); among them is a minute description of various goods left behind by ‘Ritsard lasenbe’, servant of ‘Coronnel Chester’. J.A. van Dorsten, Poets, Patrons, and Professors 2 Twelve years later these same citizens were to dramatize their gruesome experience in the ‘seven several shewes’ with which they entertained their English Governor General, the Earl of Leicester, and his retinue on the occasion of his state entry into the University town1. For, then and at all times, the University has never wearied of linking its origin with those perilous months and of considering itself as having been established to commemorate the event and to further the cause of Libertas. During the first few years after the great siege of 1574 the country as a whole was impoverished and badly in need of military and economic support from without2. With England, it is true, a close political relationship was to develop in a not so distant future. But at this stage the Dutch had little immediate hope of succour from abroad, not even from Queen Elizabeth, though Leicester, long before his actual commission - in a letter to William Davison, the Queen's ambassador in the Low Countries - shows that he is conscious of their distress in the following lines written from Norwich, ‘somwhat nere you’, where he could almost hear the oppressed people from the Netherlands ‘crye out uppon such neghboures’. ‘Well,’ he added, ‘God help them and us too, fearing our neede wylbe more than thers.’3 The ‘confidence of the Gueux’ seemed great indeed, but the foundation of an Academia must have been more than either a symbol of optimism or an irresponsible gesture of self-confidence. To at least one practical and urgent problem - the 1 The Third volume of Chronicles... First compiled by Raphaell Holinshed... continued to the yeare 1586, London, [1587], p. 1419. It is worth, observing that the considerable detail with which the Earl's visit is described exceeds any Dutch account (see also p. 77, note 2). 2 Cf. N. Bruyninck to W. Davison, Antwerp, 14 August 1578 (London, Public Record Office, SP 83/8, no. 28) on the critical condition of the Leiden and Haarlem clothtrade. 3 R. Dudley to W. Davison, [Norwich], 18 August 1578 (P.R.O., SP 83/8, no. 36). J.A. van Dorsten, Poets, Patrons, and Professors 3 training of Protestant preachers - it hoped to supply the answer. Thus ‘Sacra Scriptura’, seated in her chariot, led the procession of magistrates and scholars who went to hear the opening address in February 1575. She was, however, not alone, but followed by ‘Justitia’, ‘Medicina’, and ‘Pallas’; and in Neptune's barge, rowed down the Rapenburg canal, ‘Apollo’ plucked the strings of his lute to accompany the nine Muses' singing and playing. It may be worth our while to enquire into the background of the occasion a little further. More than once it has been shown that the guiding principle of the founders of the University of Leiden was simply to provide the Low Countries with a Protestant school of Theology.1 That this motive remained unexpressed until Town Secretary Jan van Hout's speech in 15922 - and then only to an audience of officials assembled for the opening ceremony of a ‘College of Theology’ - is no ground for arguing that it was not the main one, because at the time, certainly before 1581, the year of the ‘Placard of Dismissal’, there was ample reason to disguise so audacious an endeavour. But there is evidence in the foundation-day pageant which makes it desirable to qualify this claim. In accordance with the tradition of the period, this pageant was a tableau whereby ‘secret’ intentions could be displayed without the stricter commitment of the written word. As a testimony, both chronologically and formally, it should surely be given priority over Van Hout's later assertion. The pageant itself was simple, crude almost compared with what Italy, France, and even Flanders would have made of it, but at least it expressed in a ‘modern’ idiom what the University proposed to introduce.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Many Lives of Bonaventura Vulcanius 1614–2010 (Exploring Biographies and Introducing This Collection of Papers)*
    © 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands (ISBN: 978-90-04-19209-6) THE MANY LIVES OF BONAVENTURA VULCANIUS 1614–2010 (EXPLORING BIOGRAPHIES AND INTRODUCING THIS COLLECTION OF PAPERS)* Hélène Cazes Ter denos docui Leidis binosque per annos Cattigenum pubem Graijugenum ore loqui. Nunc manibus, pedibusque oculisque, atque auribus aeger, Et senio languens, lampada trado aliis.1 [For two and thirty years I have in Leiden Taught the Cattis’ youth to speak the Acheans’ language. Now my hands, feet, eyes, and ears are aching; Drained by old age, the flame I pass to others.] This epitaph—composed for himself by Vulcanius—is the first portrait of the humanist to be collected in this volume of Vulcanius’ studies: the two elegant Latin distiches were given, surely by the author and biographee himself, to the young Joannes Meursius (1579–1639), who was then gathering material for his professors’ biographies, the Icons of illustrious men, which would be published in 1613. We know of several manuscript versions of this poem, now kept among Vulcanius’ papers at the University Library of Leiden: these drafts attest to the * I would like to thank the following persons and Institutes for making this research possible, accurate, and fruitful: the Scaliger Institute of the University Library in Leiden and the Brill Publishers, who granted me a Brill Fellowship for a proj- ect on Bonaventura Vulcanius’ Album Amicorum. I am particularly grateful for the trust, guidance, and support of the curators and staff of Leiden’s library, notably Dr. Anton van der Lem, Mr. Kasper Van Ommen, Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Wilson, Tudor Scholar-Statesman Author(S): Albert J
    Thomas Wilson, Tudor Scholar-Statesman Author(s): Albert J. Schmidt Source: Huntington Library Quarterly , May, 1957, Vol. 20, No. 3 (May, 1957), pp. 205- 218 Published by: University of Pennsylvania Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.com/stable/3816414 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms University of Pennsylvania Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Huntington Library Quarterly This content downloaded from 129.2.19.103 on Sun, 26 Jul 2020 17:08:16 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms THE HUNTINGTON LIBRARY QUARTERLY NUMBER 3 MAY 1957 COPYRIGHT I957 BY THE HENRY E. HUNTINGTON LIBRARY AND ART GALLERY Thomas Wilson, Tudor Scholar-Statesman By ALBERT J. SCHMIDT JACOB BURCKHARDT in his masterly volume on the Italian Renais- sance observed that "there were two purposes ... for which the humanist was as indispensable to the republics as to princes or popes, namely, the official correspondence of the State, and the making of speeches on public and solemn occasions' He proceeded to show how only the "humanist was credited with the knowledge and ability for the post of secretary!" What Burckhardt had to say of Italian humanists of the Quatrocento most assuredly pertained to the humanist-statesmen of Tudor England.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dutch in the Early Modern World David Onnekink , Gijs Rommelse Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12581-0 — The Dutch in the Early Modern World David Onnekink , Gijs Rommelse Frontmatter More Information The Dutch in the Early Modern World Emerging at the turn of the seventeenth century, the Dutch Republic rose to become a powerhouse of economic growth, artistic creativity, military innovation, religious tolerance and intellectual development. This is the first textbook to present this period of early modern Dutch history in a global context. It makes an active use of illustrations, objects, personal stories and anecdotes to present a lively overview of Dutch global history that is solidly grounded in sources and literature. Focusing on themes that resonate with contemporary concerns, such as overseas exploration, war, slavery, migration, identity and racism, this volume charts the multiple ways in which the Dutch were connected with the outside world. It serves as an engaging and accessible intro- duction to Dutch history, as well as a case study in early modern global expansion. david onnekink is Assistant Professor in Early Modern International Relations at Utrecht University. He has previously held a position at Leiden University, and was a visiting professor at the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, and the University of California, Los Angeles. He has been a fellow at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities at Edinburgh (2004), Het Scheepvaartmuseum in Amsterdam (2016–2017) and the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study (2016). He is the author of Reinterpreting the Dutch Forty Years War (2016), and edited volumes on War and Religion after Westphalia, 1648–1713 (2009) and Ideology and Foreign Policy in Early Modern Europe (1650–1750) (2011), also with Gijs Rommelse.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service
    Quidditas Volume 9 Article 9 1988 The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service F. Jeffrey Platt Northern Arizona University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Platt, F. Jeffrey (1988) "The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service," Quidditas: Vol. 9 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol9/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. JRMMRA 9 (1988) The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service by F. Jeffrey Platt Northern Arizona University The critical early years of Elizabeth's reign witnessed a watershed in European history. The 1559 Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis, which ended the long Hapsburg-Valois conflict, resulted in a sudden shift in the focus of international politics from Italy to the uncomfortable proximity of the Low Countries. The arrival there, 30 miles from England's coast, in 1567, of thousands of seasoned Spanish troops presented a military and commer­ cial threat the English queen could not ignore. Moreover, French control of Calais and their growing interest in supplanting the Spanish presence in the Netherlands represented an even greater menace to England's security. Combined with these ominous developments, the Queen's excommunica­ tion in May 1570 further strengthened the growing anti-English and anti­ Protestant sentiment of Counter-Reformation Europe. These circumstances, plus the significantly greater resources of France and Spain, defined England, at best, as a middleweight in a world dominated by two heavyweights.
    [Show full text]
  • Looking for Vulcanius: Plethora and Lacunae
    © 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands (ISBN: 978-90-04-19209-6) LOOKING FOR VULCANIUS: PLETHORA AND LACUNAE Hélène Cazes In 1910, as an introduction to Codices Vulcaniani, P.C. Molhuysen could summarize in one and half page what was known about Vulca- nius: birth and death dates (1538–1614), family (the son of the Bruges humanist Petrus Vulcanius), studies (in Leuven and Ghent, then with Cassander in Germany), employment held (secretary to Francisco da Mendoza and his brother in Spain, preceptor in the Sudermanns’ house, editor and translator in Geneva, secretary to Marnix, professor in Leiden), and collections (manuscripts, essentially). From there, it is possible to gaze both at the plethora of information waiting to be studied; and, at the same time, at the insuperable lacunae, that seem to be inherent in the story of Bonaventura Vulcanius. By the humanist himself, much had been passed on to the library or to common store of knowledge: books written, editions provided, commentaries published or ready for publication, classes taught and remembered, manuscripts collected, papers, and even two portraits. Moreover, he had been given the opportunity to write not only a poetic epitaph for himself but also to compose, or at least supervise, his own first biography. Though he left behind a considerable num- ber of documents and testimonies, Bonaventura Vulcanius also left a cloud of mystery around his name, his activities and his beliefs. In this case, too, much information, volunteered by various interested parties has maintained and even thickened the mysteries raised by his silences, his departures, or his allegiances.
    [Show full text]
  • Birthright Democracy: Nationhood and Constitutional Self-Government in History
    BIRTHRIGHT DEMOCRACY: NATIONHOOD AND CONSTITUTIONAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN HISTORY By Ethan Alexander-Davey A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Political Science) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON 2013 Date of final oral examination: 8/16/13 The dissertation is approved by the following members of the Final Oral Committee: Richard Avramenko, Political Science Daniel Kapust, Political Science James Klausen, Political Science Howard Schweber, Political Science Johann Sommerville, History i Abstract How did constitutionally limited government and democracy emerge in the West? Many scholars from many different perspectives have attempted to answer this question. I identify the emergence of these forms of self-government with early modern nationalism. Broadly speaking, nationalism of the right sort provides indispensable resources both for united popular resistance against autocratic rule, and for the formation and legitimation of national systems self- governance. Resistance and self-government both require a national consciousness that includes a myth of national origin, a national language, a common faith, and, crucially, native traditions of self-government, and stories of heroic ancestors who successfully defended those traditions against usurpers and tyrants. It is through national consciousness that abstract theories of resistance and self-government become concrete and tenable. It is though national fellowship that the idea of a political nation, possessing the right to make rulers accountable to its will, comes into existence and is sustained over time. My arguments basically fall under two headings, historical and theoretical. By an examination of the nationalist political thought of early modern European countries, I intend to establish important historical connections between the rise of nationalism and the emergence of self-government.
    [Show full text]
  • Corpus Eve , Historiographie Des Serments De Strasbourg Le De Literis Et Lingua Getarum Sive Gothorum De Bonaventura Vulcanius (1597)
    Corpus Eve Émergence du Vernaculaire en Europe Historiographie des Serments de Strasbourg Le De literis et lingua Getarum sive Gothorum de Bonaventura Vulcanius (1597). Les Serments de Strasbourg au service de la défense et illustration des langues germaniques Maurizio Busca Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/eve/1562 ISSN : 2425-1593 Éditeur : Université de Savoie, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 Référence électronique Maurizio Busca, « Le De literis et lingua Getarum sive Gothorum de Bonaventura Vulcanius (1597). Les Serments de Strasbourg au service de la défense et illustration des langues germaniques », Corpus Eve [En ligne], Historiographie des Serments de Strasbourg, mis en ligne le 10 octobre 2019, consulté le 11 octobre 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/eve/1562 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 11 octobre 2019. © Tous droits réservés Le De literis et lingua Getarum sive Gothorum de Bonaventura Vulcanius (1597)... 1 Le De literis et lingua Getarum sive Gothorum de Bonaventura Vulcanius (1597). Les Serments de Strasbourg au service de la défense et illustration des langues germaniques Maurizio Busca RÉFÉRENCE De literis & lingua Getarum, Sive Gothorum. Item de Notis Lombardicis. Quibus accesserunt Specimina variarum Linguarum, quarum Indicem pagina quæ Præfationem sequitur ostendit, Editore Bon. Vulcanio Brugensi, Lugduni Batavorum, Ex officina Plantiniana, Apud Franciscum Raphelengium, 1597. Notice biographique 1 Fils de l’humaniste Petrus Vulcanius1, Bonaventura Vulcanius naît à Bruges en 15382. Au cours de ses études à Gand, à Louvain et à Cologne il acquiert une excellente maîtrise du latin et du grec qui lui vaut, à l’âge de 21 ans, la charge de secrétaire et bibliothécaire de l’évêque de Burgos, Francisco de Mendoza y Bobadilla, puis du frère de ce dernier, l’archidiacre de Tolède, Ferdinando.
    [Show full text]
  • Ambassadors to and from England
    p.1: Prominent Foreigners. p.25: French hostages in England, 1559-1564. p.26: Other Foreigners in England. p.30: Refugees in England. p.33-85: Ambassadors to and from England. Prominent Foreigners. Principal suitors to the Queen: Archduke Charles of Austria: see ‘Emperors, Holy Roman’. France: King Charles IX; Henri, Duke of Anjou; François, Duke of Alençon. Sweden: King Eric XIV. Notable visitors to England: from Bohemia: Baron Waldstein (1600). from Denmark: Duke of Holstein (1560). from France: Duke of Alençon (1579, 1581-1582); Prince of Condé (1580); Duke of Biron (1601); Duke of Nevers (1602). from Germany: Duke Casimir (1579); Count Mompelgart (1592); Duke of Bavaria (1600); Duke of Stettin (1602). from Italy: Giordano Bruno (1583-1585); Orsino, Duke of Bracciano (1601). from Poland: Count Alasco (1583). from Portugal: Don Antonio, former King (1581, Refugee: 1585-1593). from Sweden: John Duke of Finland (1559-1560); Princess Cecilia (1565-1566). Bohemia; Denmark; Emperors, Holy Roman; France; Germans; Italians; Low Countries; Navarre; Papal State; Poland; Portugal; Russia; Savoy; Spain; Sweden; Transylvania; Turkey. Bohemia. Slavata, Baron Michael: 1576 April 26: in England, Philip Sidney’s friend; May 1: to leave. Slavata, Baron William (1572-1652): 1598 Aug 21: arrived in London with Paul Hentzner; Aug 27: at court; Sept 12: left for France. Waldstein, Baron (1581-1623): 1600 June 20: arrived, in London, sightseeing; June 29: met Queen at Greenwich Palace; June 30: his travels; July 16: in London; July 25: left for France. Also quoted: 1599 Aug 16; Beddington. Denmark. King Christian III (1503-1 Jan 1559): 1559 April 6: Queen Dorothy, widow, exchanged condolences with Elizabeth.
    [Show full text]
  • History Theory
    KNOWLEDGEshapero rare books SCIENCE commerce history leviathan philosophy the bible speculation mathematics bubbles encyclopaedia women’s rights ideas education theory poverty geometryexperiment plato reason euclid trade sociology analysis population evolution UNDERSTANDING money Shapero Rare Books 1 Four Centuries of KNOWLEDGE 1525-1891 Shapero Rare Books Four Centuries of KNOWLEDGE 1525-1891 32 Saint George Street, London W1S 2EA Tel: +44 207 493 0876 • [email protected] • www.shapero.com FINE RENAISSANCE ATLAS 1. PTOLEMAEUS, CLAUDIUS. Geographicae enarrationis libri octo bilibaldo pirckeymhero interprete, annotationes joannis de regio monte in errores commissos a jacobo angelo in translatione sua. Johannes Grüninger for Johannes Koberger, Strassburg, 3 April 1525. A FINE EXAMPLE OF THE FOURTH STRASSBURG EDITION OF PTOLEMY. THE WORK INCLUDES THE FIRST PRINTED MAP IN AN EDITION OF PTOLEMY TO NAME AMERICA, THE FIRST PRINTED MAP OF SOUTHEAST ASIA, AND THE FIRST PRINTED MAP OF CHINA. The list of contributors is a veritable ‘who’s who’ of German Renaissance publishing: the text was translated by Wilibald Pirckheimer, using the notes of Johannes Regiomontanus, perhaps under the editorship of Johann Huttich; the ornamental woodblock designs on the reverse of the maps are attributed to Albrecht Duerer, who also contributed the woodblock of the armillary sphere. The present edition was printed for Johann Koberger by Johann Grüninger, using the woodblocks of the first Grüninger edition of 1522. The woodcut maps in the trapezoid shape developed by the German cartographer Nicolaus Germanus in 1460 comprise 27 maps according to Ptolemy as well as 23 “modern“ maps (Tabula Moderna) according to the knowledge of the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Neo-Latin News
    44 SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY NEWS NEO-LATIN NEWS Vol. 61, Nos. 1 & 2. Jointly with SCN. NLN is the official publica- tion of the American Association for Neo-Latin Studies. Edited by Craig Kallendorf, Texas A&M University; Western European Editor: Gilbert Tournoy, Leuven; Eastern European Editors: Jerzy Axer, Barbara Milewska-Wazbinska, and Katarzyna To- maszuk, Centre for Studies in the Classical Tradition in Poland and East-Central Europe, University of Warsaw. Founding Editors: James R. Naiden, Southern Oregon University, and J. Max Patrick, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and Graduate School, New York University. ♦ Petrarch and St. Augustine: Classical Scholarship, Christian Theol- ogy and the Origins of the Renaissance in Italy. By Alexander Lee. Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History, 210. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2012. x + 382 pp. $177. Petrarch’s opera is extensive, that of Augustine is extraordinarily vast, and the literature on both is vaster still. To bridge them successfully is a significant undertaking. Over the past fifty years, scholars have attempted this task, from classic studies by Charles Trinkaus (often discussed here) to more recent ones such as C. Quillen’s Rereading the Renaissance: Petrarch, Augustine and the Language of Humanism (1995) and M. Gill’s Augustine in the Italian Renaissance: Art and Philosophy from Petrarch to Michelangelo (2005). In a new study, Alexander Lee argues that “Petrarch’s thought on moral questions was derived principally from the writings of St. Augustine” (24). Lee contends that Petrarch, rather than being philosophically inconsistent as is often suggested, was especially influenced by Augustine’s early works, most notably the Soliloquies and the De vera religione, which provided him with an interpretive method for incorporating classical literature and philosophy into Christian moral theology.
    [Show full text]
  • Scott Shapiro November 7, 2014 Attached Are the First Two Chapters
    Scott Shapiro November 7, 2014 Attached are the first two chapters from a book manuscript that I am writing with my colleague Oona Hathaway, tentatively titled “THE WORST CRIME OF ALL: THE PARIS PEACE PACT AND THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF WAR.” This cover note is meant to help situate the chapters in the broader project. The first part describes what we call the Old World Order—a system that relied on war as the linchpin of law. The first two chapters center on Grotius and the legal order he helped establish. The subsequent chapters of this part show how war was a source of legal redress and legal rights. The legal rights to territory, people, and goods were decided by war—even ones that were entirely unjust. The second part of the book—comprised of four chapters—tells the story of what we argue is a deep shift in the legal meaning of war—the end of the Old World Order and the beginning of something fundamentally new. This shift, we argue, has consequences not just for states’ recourse to war, but for international law and the international system as a whole. The chapter that begins this second part of the book examines the “war to outlaw war”—the global movement to reject the remedial conception of war that characterized the Old World Order. That chapter ends with the signing of the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact (also called the Paris Peace Pact or Briand-Kellogg Pact). The next chapter examines the consequences that flowed from the decision to reject the legal rules that underpinned the Old World Order without first sorting out the legal rules and institutions that would take their place.
    [Show full text]
  • Poems on the Threshold: Neo-Latin Carmina Liminaria
    Chapter 3 Poems on the Threshold: Neo-Latin carmina liminaria Harm-Jan van Dam Introduction Imagine someone about four hundred years ago picking up a new Latin book, for instance the fourth edition of Daniel Heinsius’ poetry, published in Leiden, shown at the end of this paper. It dates from 1613, as the colophon at the end of the book states. Readers enter the book through the frontispiece or main entrance, with its promises of sublime poetry given by the crown- ing of Pegasus, and of a text so much more correct and complete according to the inscription (emendata locis infinitis & aucta) that it would be better to throw away their earlier editions. The entrance draws the reader inside to the next page where he may learn the book’s contents (indicem . aversa indicat pagina). That index is followed first by a prose Dedicatio addressed to one of the Governors of Leiden University, then by a poem in six elegiac distichs on Heinsius’ Elegies by Joseph Scaliger, a letter by Hugo Grotius ending with seven distichs, and a Greek poem of sixteen distichs by Heinsius’ colleague Petrus Cunaeus. Finally Heinsius devotes six pages to an Address Amico lectori. Then, stepping across the threshold, the reader at last enters the house itself, the first book of the Elegies.1 Many, if not most, early modern books begin like this, with various prelimi- nary matter in prose and especially in poetry. Nevertheless, not much has been written on poems preceding the main text of books.2 They are often designated 1 Respectively pp.
    [Show full text]