Aceh Reconstruction Final Impact Evaluation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Aceh Reconstruction Final Impact Evaluation The Impact of Catholic Relief Services Aceh Reconstruction Program May 2008 Team: Dean Johnson, Fachrurriza, Jamal Sitepu, Lisdayanti, M. Anike, M. Zuhri, Retno Ika Praesty, Risza Lopes Da Cruz, Said Mahdani, Tamara Saukotta, T. Syamsul Alam, Yusriati and team leader Pauline Wilson Acknowledgements The evaluation team would like to thank all the men, women and leaders of the six villages in various sub-districts of Aceh Besar and Aceh Barat who gave so generously of their time to provide feedback on the Catholic Relief Services (CRS) reconstruction program carried out with them from 2005 through 2008. Thank you also to staff in external agencies. This includes Government of Indonesian staff based in Banda Aceh and Meulaboh, and staff who worked in Aceh with Caritas Switzerland, IFRC, Mercy Corps, UNORC and the World Bank. All of these staff willingly shared their views on the quality of the CRS reconstruction program. Many CRS Aceh staff also helpfully contributed their views of the CRS reconstruction program to the evaluation team. This enabled us to understand the great efforts made in a complex environment to try and deliver houses and other infrastructure that all stakeholders would consider of high quality. Special thanks to the CRS steering committee of Anat Prag, Christopher Frey, Dean Johnson, Maureen Capps, Provash Budden and Scott Campbell who provided clear guidance on what questions the evaluation must answer and the type of methods that would be appropriate in the Aceh context. The evaluation team is grateful to everyone for the assistance, time, information, and support provided. It is only with your support that the evaluation was possible. Aceh Evaluation Report 18 May 2008 2 Contents Contents 3 Abbreviations 4 Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 10 2. The evaluation process 10 3. The post tsunami context in Aceh encourages a fast pace to reconstruction 12 4. Post tsunami conditions for people in villages where CRS worked were hard 14 5. Pressure to build permanent houses fast diverts attention from transitional shelter 15 6. An overview of CRS’s reconstruction program 16 Figure 1: The CRS permanent and transitional housing program 16 7. CRS reconstruction program activities are mostly appropriate 18 Figure 2: Owner satisfaction with their new house 19 Figure 3: The adequacy of the new house 19 Figure 4: Adequacy of water supply for drinking and washing purposes 23 6. The immediate impacts of the reconstruction program are mostly encouraging 24 Permanent housing 24 Water and sanitation 25 Other village level infrastructure 26 7. Recovery levels of communities and families is underway 27 Housing 28 Water supply 28 Village level infrastructure 28 Economic 28 CRS’ contribution to recovery 29 8. There is some community involvement in housing reconstruction 30 Figure 5: Consultation with perspective house-owners 31 9. Recommendations from others about what CRS should do in the next emergency 32 10. Main Conclusions 33 11. Recommendations 36 Annexes 37 Aceh Evaluation Report 18 May 2008 3 Abbreviations ACCORD Aceh Community-Based Recovery and Development ACT Area Coordination Team AIPRD the Australian-Indonesia Partnership for Reconstruction and Development AMM Aceh Monitoring Mission ACARP Aceh Community Assistance Research Project BRR Aceh and Nias Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (Badan Rehabilitisi dan Rekonstrucksi – a quasi Indonesian government agency) CFW Cash for Work CRS Catholic Relief Services FGD Focus Group Discussion GAM Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka) GOI Government of Indonesia IDP Internally Displaced People IFRC International Federation of the Red Cross INGO International Nongovernmental Organization LOGA Law on the Governing of Aceh MOU Memorandum of Understanding NAD Nanggore Aceh Darussalem NFI Non Food Items PDAM Regional Water Supply Company (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum) SSI Semi structured interview ToR Terms of Reference UN United Nations Office of the Recovery Coordinator for Aceh and Nias VDC Village Development Committee VDP Village Development Plans Watsan Water and Sanitation WFP World Food Program YDD Yayasan Dian Desa Aceh Evaluation Report 18 May 2008 4 Executive Summary 1. Introduction On December 26, 2004 a devastating earthquake and tsunami struck the province of Aceh. In response, Catholic Relief Services carried out a number of programs one of which was a reconstruction program. The reconstruction program started in early 2005 and is currently planned to finish at the end of 2008. In March 2008, CRS commissioned an impact evaluation of the reconstruction program. The objective of the reconstruction program was ‘Affected communities have rebuilt and improved their households and community assets’ . The goal of the entire CRS program in Aceh was ‘Tsunami and earthquake affected people in Aceh live productive and dignified lives’. The objectives of the evaluation were to assess: The pre-construction conditions in the communities where CRS worked. The difference reconstruction work made to beneficiaries and the communities in which they lived (immediate impacts). The degree to which reconstruction activities supported individuals, families and communities to restore the dignity of their lives. The degree to which reconstruction activities helped people and communities in terms of recovery of housing, water and sanitation and infrastructure. Local peoples’ involvement in planning, implementation, and monitoring of reconstruction activities so that social problems are effectively addressed. 2. The context encourages a fast pace to reconstruction Villages and cities across Aceh, particularly along its western and northern coastlines, were devastated by the tsunami. An estimated 130,000 people were killed, 37,000 are still missing and half a million people were displaced. The villages where CRS worked had similarly high levels of destruction though the level of mortality varied greatly, from a few people in some villages to as high as 60-75% of the population in other villages. The Government of Indonesia (GOI) and hundreds of NGOs rushed in to provide assistance. As many GOI officials were killed in the tsunami, coordination on the ground was limited while funding support available to NGOs reached unprecedented levels. Many organisations along with the GOI are involved in reconstruction efforts with the reconstruction of houses the primary focus. Speed and quality were the two drivers that influenced most agencies including CRS to use a contractor led approach to building houses. Pressure to build fast came from the GOI, the media, donors and local people. Tensions and accusations about the pace of reconstruction activities have been great since 2005 and most agencies responded by trying to build quickly. 3. The CRS reconstruction program CRS has built nearly four thousand permanent houses across fifty two villages. Each house was equipped with a bathroom with toilet area and a household septic tank system. In most of these villages support was provided to recoup water supply systems. In addition 2162 temporary shelters were distributed and 17 temporary water and sanitation systems were provided for IDPs as they awaited construction of their permanent houses. Over 200 micro-infrastructure projects are now complete. These included road culvert and bridge repair; land clearance and renovation; and construction of markets, clinics and community halls. Village development committees were established in CRS priority villages. Priority villages were the twenty nine villages where CRS built twenty five houses or more. In these villages, Aceh Evaluation Report 18 May 2008 5 processes were set up to ensure extensive consultation with local people on selection of beneficiaries for permanent houses, site location of houses and selection of a house design. A complaints system was set up so perspective home owners could voice concerns as housing construction progressed. 3. The main conclusions The post tsunami conditions for people and communities were very hard: Most people in all twenty-nine CRS priory villages became internally displaced people (IDP) dependent on emergency food aid and the support of relatives, NGOs and government. Many had lost loved ones as well as all their earthly possessions including their home. ‘ After the tsunami we didn’t even have a piece of cloth left. We were naked and had no belongings.’ People became scattered. Many lived in tents. Some lived in barracks and others with relatives. By mid 2005 some people began to relocate to transitional shelters as more agencies distributed these but many families would end up living in barracks, or with relatives for up to two years making it difficult for them to resume normal everyday activities. The perceptions of the CRS Aceh reconstruction program were positive : Every villager we spoke to said CRS and other NGOs did the right thing by building permanent houses. Compared to other agencies villagers considered the quality of CRS houses among the very best. The positive view of the quality of CRS constructed houses was echoed by the external agencies we interviewed who also commended CRS for the professionalism of its staff and the efforts made by CRS to encourage coordination by all agencies in Aceh. The staff of CRS said that the Aceh program has accelerated CRS’s learning in the non-core competency area of housing and enabled them to build the skills and knowledge of local staff and of local contractors on constructing quality housing in Indonesia. Though some construction defects were reported,
Recommended publications
  • Skripsi Strategi Pemenangan Irwandi Yusuf Dan Nova
    SKRIPSI STRATEGI PEMENANGAN IRWANDI YUSUF DAN NOVA IRIANSYAH DALAM PEMILUKADA ACEH TAHUN 2017-2022 “Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Nurussalam, Gampong Meudang Ara” Zulfatan 130906022 Dosen Pembimbing : Prof. Subhilhar, P.hD DEPARTEMEN ILMU POLITIK FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2017 1 Universitas Sumatera Utara Pernyataan Saya yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini, menyatakan sesungguhnya: 1. Karya ilmiah saya dalam bentuk Skripsi dengan judul “Strategi Pemenangan Irwandi Yusuf dan Nova Iriansyah dalam Pemilukada Aceh Tahun 2017-2022, Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Nurussalam, Gampong Meudang Ara adalah asli dan belum pernah diajukan untuk mendapat gelar akademik, baik di Universitas Sumatera Utara maupun di Perguruan tinggi lain. 2. Skripsi ini murni gagasan, rumusan, penelitian saya sendiri tanpa bantuan dari pihak lain, kecuali arahan dari tim pembimbing dan penguji. 3. Di dalam skripsi ini tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang telah ditulis atau dipublikasikan orang lain, kecuali ditulis dengan cara menyebutkan pengarang dan mencantumkannnya pada daftar pustaka. 4. Pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sesungguhnya dan apabila dikemudian hari terdapat penyimpangan dan ketidakbenaran di dalam pernyataan ini, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi akademik berupa pencabutan gelar yang telah diperoleh karena skripsi ini, serta sanksi lainnya sesuai dengan norma dan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku Medan, November 2017 Yang menyatakan Zulfatan 130906022 ii Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK DEPARTEMEN ILMU POLITIK ZULFATAN (130906022) STRATEGI PEMENANGAN IRWANDI YUSUF DAN NOVA IRIANSYAH DALAM PEMILUKADA ACEH TAHUN 2017-2022 Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Nurusalam, Gampong Meudang Ara Penelitian ini mencoba menguraikan strategi pemenangan Irwandi Yusuf dan Nova Iriansyah dalam pemilukada Aceh tahun 2017-2022 di Kecamatan Nurussalam, Gampong Meudang Ara.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Without Justice? the Helsinki Peace Process in Aceh Edward Aspinall
    Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue rAprile 2008port Peace without justice? The Helsinki peace process in Aceh Edward Aspinall Report The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue is an independent and impartial foundation, based Contents in Geneva, that promotes and facilitates dialogue to resolve Acknowledgement armed conflicts and reduce civilian suffering. Introduction and overview 5 114, rue de lausanne ch-1202 geneva 1. The centrality of human rights and justice issues in Aceh 7 switzerland [email protected] 2. Aceh in its Indonesian setting 9 t: + 41 22 908 11 30 f: +41 22 908 11 40 www.hdcentre.org 3. Limited international involvement 12 © Copyright Henry Dunant Centre for 4. Justice issues in the negotiations 16 Humanitarian Dialogue, 2007 Reproduction of all or part of this 5. Implementation of the amnesty 19 publication may be authorised only with written consent and 6. Compensation without justice 22 acknowledgement of the source. Broad definition and difficulties in delivery 23 Edward Aspinall (edward,aspinall@ Compensation or assistance? 24 anu.edu.au) is a Fellow in the Department of Political and 7. Debates about the missing justice mechanisms 27 Social Change, Research School Human Rights Court 27 of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. He Truth and Reconciliation Commission 29 specialises in Indonesian politics and is the author of Opposing 8. The Aceh Monitoring Mission: could more have 31 Suharto: Compromise, Resistance been done? and Regime Change in Indonesia (Stanford University Press, 2005). His new book on the history Conclusion 36 of the Aceh conflict and peace process, provisionally entitled Islam References 39 and Nation: Separatist Rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia, will also be published by Stanford University Acronyms and abbreviations 43 Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Mahkamah Agu Mahkamah Agung Republik Indo
    Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia putusan.mahkamahagung.go.id P U T U S A N NOMOR : 24/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PT.DKI Mahkamah AgungDEMI KEADILAN BERDASARKANRepublik KETUHANAN YANG Indonesia MAHA ESA Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi pada Pengadilan Tinggi DKI Jakarta yang memeriksa dan mengadili perkara-perkara tindak pidana korupsi pada tingkat banding, telah menjatuhkan putusan terhadap Terdakwa: Nama Lengkap : drh. H. IRWANDI YUSUF, M.Sc.; Tempat lahir : Bireun, Aceh; Umur/tanggal lahir : 58 tahun / 02 Agustus 1960; Jenis kelamin : Laki-laki; Kebangsaan : Indonesia; Tempat tinggal : Jalan Salam No. 20 Bandar Baru, Kecamatan Kuta Alam, Kota Banda Aceh, Provinsi Aceh; Agama : Islam; Pekerjaan : Gubernur Aceh - Periode tahun 2007 s/d 2012 dan 2017 s/d 2022; Terdakwa ditahan dalam Rumah Tahanan Negara oleh: Mahkamah Agung1. Penyidik : sejak tanggal Republik 04 Juli 2018 sampai dengan Indonesiatanggal 23 Juli 2018; 2. Perpanjangan Penuntut Umum : sejak tanggal 24 Juli 2018 sampai dengan tanggal 1 September 2018; 3. Perpanjangan Pertama oleh Ketua Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat : sejak tanggal 02 September 2018 sampai dengan tanggal 01 Oktober 2018; 4. Perpanjangan Kedua oleh Ketua Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat : sejak tanggal 02 Oktober 2018 sampai dengan tanggal 31 Oktober 2018; 5. Penuntut Umum : sejak tanggal 30 Oktober 2018 sampai dengan tanggal 18 November 2018; 6. Hakim Pengadilan Negeri : sejak tanggal 14 November 2018 sampai dengan tanggal 13 Desember 2018; 7. Perpanjangan oleh Ketua Pengadilan Negeri : sejak tanggal 14 Desember 2018 sampai dengan tanggal 11 Februari 2019; 8. Perpanjangan Pertama oleh Ketua Pengadilan Tinggi DKI Jakarta : sejak Mahkamah Agungtanggal 12 Februari 2019 Republik sampai dengan tanggal 13 Maret 2019;Indonesia Halaman 1 Putusan Nomor 24/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PT.DKI Disclaimer Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia berusaha untuk selalu mencantumkan informasi paling kini dan akurat sebagai bentuk komitmen Mahkamah Agung untuk pelayanan publik, transparansi dan akuntabilitas pelaksanaan fungsi peradilan.
    [Show full text]
  • Averting Election Violence in Aceh
    Update Briefing Asia Program Briefing N°135 Jakarta/Brussels, 29 February 2012 Indonesia: Averting Election Violence in Aceh I. OVERVIEW To this end, it engaged in a number of legal manoeuvres, on the pretext of safeguarding Acehnese autonomy and the integrity of the 2006 Law on the Governing of Aceh (Un- In less than two months, on 9 April, Aceh will go to the dang-Undang Pemerintahan Aceh), the legal underpin- polls to elect a governor and vice governor, as well as sev- ning of the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding enteen district heads and deputies. Despite rhetorical (MoU) that ended GAM’s 30-year insurgency against the commitments on the part of all contenders to a peaceful Indonesian government. In particular, it challenged a election, the potential for isolated acts of violence be- Constitutional Court decision that annulled one provision tween now and then is high; the potential for trouble after of the law, thereby enabling independent (non-party) can- the results are announced may be even higher, especially didates to contest the elections originally scheduled for if it is a close election. Getting as many trained monitors late 2011. Irwandi, based on the court’s ruling, intended to Aceh as possible in the coming weeks is critical. to stand as an independent, and Partai Aceh was hoping to block him. The provincial parliament, which Partai Aceh Whether violence materialises may depend on several controls, also refused to pass a regulation (qanun) on elec- factors: tions allowing independent candidates, a move that pre- vented the local election commission from scheduling the the number of election monitors deployed and the speed polls.
    [Show full text]
  • Analisis Eksitensi Partai Politik Lokal Di Aceh Pasca Perdamaian
    Serambi Akademica Vol. 9, No. 4, pISSN 2337–8085 Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, dan Humaniora Mei 2021 eISSN 2657- 0998 Analisis Eksitensi Partai Politik Lokal Di Aceh Pasca Perdamaian Usman Universitas Abulyatama [email protected] ABSTRAK Artikel ini membahas tentang eksistensi Partai Aceh, sebagai kekuatan politik lokal pada pemilihan umum dan pemilihan kepala daerah, pasca perdamaian. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui eksistensi Partai Politik Lokal Aceh sebagai kekuatan sosial politik lokal, dan berbagai dinamika baik konflik internal, hingga turunnya kekuatan politik lokal dan suara pemilih setiap pelaksanaan pemilihan umum legislataf dan pemilihan kepala daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif meliputi pengumpulan data melalui buku, jurnal, media massa dan dokumen lainnya. Teknik penelitian yang di gunakan adalah teknik penelitian studi literatur. Tahapan yang di lakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kritik atau analisis sumber, dan interpretasi (menafsirkan sumber). Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis. Dari serangkaian proses penelitian yang dilakukan, penulis memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pasca damai Aceh telah terjadi transisi politik, dari kekuatan perlawanan senjata, ke perjuangan melalui Partai Politik Lokal. Eksistensi partai politik lokal salah satu partai mantan kombatan adalah Partai Aceh (PA). Sejak pemilu dan pilkada selama tiga periode, Partai Aceh (PA) mampu mendapatkan suara mayoritas, namun dalam tiga dekade tersebut terjadi penurunan suara pemilih
    [Show full text]
  • How GAM Won in Aceh
    Update Briefing Asia Briefing N°61 Jakarta/Brussels, 22 March 2007 Indonesia: How GAM Won in Aceh I. OVERVIEW in some cases – but probably not enough to make a difference to the outcome – intimidation. Many Acehnese saw maintaining the momentum of the peace process When local elections were held in Aceh on 11 December as crucial and voting for GAM a way to guarantee it. 2006, conventional wisdom (shared by Crisis Group) was that candidates from the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan This briefing is based on extensive interviews with all Aceh Merdeka, GAM) would not do well. They might the major players and others involved in the campaign. pick up two or three of the nineteen district races, but the biggest prize – the provincial governorship – was almost certainly out of reach. The old Jakarta-linked parties II. BACKGROUND TO THE POLLS would benefit from deep pockets, established structures and a split in the former insurgency’s leadership. Polls just before formal campaigning began showed GAM’s The 11 December 2006 polls were the first-ever direct governor/deputy governor slate – Irwandi Yusuf and local elections in Aceh, the first elections there of any Muhammad Nazar – virtually out of contention. But kind after the August 2005 Helsinki peace agreement GAM won overwhelmingly, in what an analyst called “a between the Indonesian government and GAM, and perfect storm between the fallout from the peace accord the first in Indonesia allowing independent (non-party- and the failure of political parties to understand the affiliated) candidates to stand. With the provincial and changing times”.
    [Show full text]
  • Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FISIP Unsyiah Volume -, Nomor -: 1-14
    iah Ma Ilm h l as Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FISIP Unsyiah a is n r w u a J Volume -, Nomor -: 1-14 Mei 2019 www.jim.unsyiah.ac.id/FISIP FISIP STRATEGI PEMENANGAN IRWANDI YUSUF PADA PILKADA TAHUN 2017 DI ACEH BESAR SAUMI RAHMAH [email protected], [email protected] Program Studi Ilmu Politik, FISIP, Universitas Syiah Kuala ABSTRAK Pilkada pemilihan Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Aceh tahun 2017 pasangan Irwandi Yusuf-Nova Iriansyah lebih unggul dibandingkan kandidat lainnya dengan perolehan jumlah suara sebanyak 898.710 dari total suara sah 2.414.801. Adapun hasil Pilkada Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Aceh 2017 khusunya di kabupaten Aceh Besar pasangan Irwandi Yusuf dan Nova Iriansyah sebanyak 88.511 suara, dengan total suara sah sebanyak 189.897. Dari hasil perolehan suara tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pasangan nomor urut enam Irwandi Yusuf-Nova Iriansyah berhasil mengalahkan 5 kandidat lainnya. Kemenangan ini menarik untuk ditelusuri lebih lanjut terkait strategi dan faktor apa saja yang digunakan oleh pasangan Irwandi Yusuf-Nova Iriansyah untuk memenangkan Pilkada gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Aceh 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi pemenangan Irwandi Yusuf pada Pilkada tahun 2017 di Aceh Besar serta faktor-faktor yang Menyebabkan Irwandi-Nova meraih kemenangan di Aceh Besar. Hal tersebut yang menjadi fokus peneliti tentang bagaimana strategi pemenangan Irwandi Yusuf pada Pilkada Tahun 2017 di Aceh Besar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi kemenangan pasangan Irwandi Yusuf-Nova Iriansyah pada Pilkada tahun 2017 di Aceh Besar mencakup beberapa hal diantaranya: membangun komunikasi politik antar warga dengan melakukan pendekatan langsung dengan masyarakat, serta memberikan penggambaran kepada masyarakat tentang visi dan misi yang akan direalisasikan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Latent Transformation Process of the Free Aceh Movement Ideology After the Peace Agreement
    PJAEE, 17 (6) (2020 THE LATENT TRANSFORMATION PROCESS OF THE FREE ACEH MOVEMENT IDEOLOGY AFTER THE PEACE AGREEMENT Rusli Yusuf Department of Pancasila and Civic Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala) Email: [email protected] Maimun Department of Pancasila and Civic Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala) Email: [email protected] Sanusi Department of Pancasila and Civic Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala) Email: [email protected] TM. Jamil Department of Economic Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala) Email: [email protected] Rusli Yusuf, Maimun, Sanusi, TM. Jamil : The Latent Transformation Process of the Free Aceh Movement Ideology After The Peace Agreement -- Palarch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 17(6), ISSN 1567-214x Keywords: Transformation of Ideology, Latent Process, Free Aceh Movement and Post- peace ABSTRACT Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM), translated as the Free Aceh Movement, was established in 1976 with the aim of separation from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). After more than 30 years of rebellion against the central government, the two sides reconciled in 2005. One of the most important points agreed upon is that Aceh remains within the framework of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. However, once the peace agreement was completed, former GAM combatants could still promote their ideology and symbols in latent forms in their families, in formal organizations and in the community at large. This research aims to describe in detail and analyze the latent process of the ideological transformation of the Free Aceh Movement conducted by former GAM combatants through their families, formal institutions or the social environment in general.
    [Show full text]
  • Aceh Conflict Monitoring Update 1St July – 31St August 2008
    46215 Aceh Conflict Monitoring Update 1st July – 31st August 2008 World Bank th Public Disclosure Authorized As the campaign for the 2009 elections started on July 12 , the number of violent incidents increased sharply, with 43 cases in August, by far the highest level since the tsunami.1 This leap was partly attributable to cases of vandalism of political party banners. While these cases have been relatively harmless so far, they are symptomatic of more widespread intimidation. This is contributing to a climate of tension that could lead to more serious clashes, as illustrated by a recent series of attacks against GAM/KPA2-backed Partai Aceh figures and offices in September. Preparation for the elections was marked by legal squabbles between the provincial parliament and national institutions, rooted in wider disagreements between Aceh and Jakarta over the interpretation of the LoGA and the extent of Aceh’s self- government. A shooting in Beutong, Nagan Raya, in July sparked fears that peace might be threatened on another front, with the alleged presence in Aceh of networks of rogue ex- combatants willing to resume the armed struggle for independence. The level of support such groups command among the wider population, and ex-combatants in particular, remains extremely weak. However, the potential exists for support to rise if those who come to power Public Disclosure Authorized do not address the needs and grievances of the electorate. A peak in corruption cases was registered in July and August, after parliamentary approval of the provincial budget marked the beginning of the “season of the tenders”.
    [Show full text]
  • Armed Separatism and the 2004 Tsunami in Aceh by Arno Waizenegger * Executive Summary the Indonesian Province of Aceh, Situated on the Suggest This Rarely Happens
    February 2007 www.asiapacific.ca Number 43 Armed Separatism and the 2004 Tsunami in Aceh By Arno Waizenegger * Executive Summary The Indonesian province of Aceh, situated on the suggest this rarely happens. The escalation in hostilities northern tip of the island of Sumatra, was the first and in Sri Lanka between that government and the Tamil most severely affected region hit by the tsunami that Tigers following the tsunami underscores this. In fact, devastated many countries around the Indian Ocean on rather than reconciliation, studies suggest that disasters December 26, 2004. Some 170,000 people in Aceh lost tend to foster conflict and that the effects of so-called their lives and economic loss was estimated as being “disaster-diplomacy” are rarely long-lasting. In this regard, equivalent to the the post-tsunami negotiated settlement of the secessionist annual GDP of conflict in Aceh has proven to be a rare example of the province. For success: the tsunami and recovery activities in the wake three decades of the disaster created a window of opportunity for a before the negotiated end to the separatist conflict between GAM tsunami hit, the and the Indonesian region had seen military. This paper conflict between maintains that a secessionist conditions for a movement — the negotiated Free Aceh Movement (GAM) — and the Indonesian settlement to the government, leading to widespread repression and human conflict were well rights abuses by the Indonesian military (TNI). In the advanced before the wake of the massive devastation of the tsunami, there undersea earthquake were hopes that the rescue and recovery effort would set off the disaster.
    [Show full text]
  • Wali Nanggroe Institution: the Role, Function, and Strategy for Resolving Conflicts in Aceh After the Peace
    Society, 8 (2), 313-324, 2020 P-ISSN: 2338-6932 | E-ISSN: 2597-4874 https://society.fisip.ubb.ac.id Wali Nanggroe Institution: The Role, Function, and Strategy for Resolving Conflicts in Aceh after the Peace Zulham Ibrahim Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Malikussaleh University, 24531, Lhokseumawe, Aceh Province, Indonesia Corresponding Author: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Publication Info: Wali Nanggroe Institution is an institution of cultural Research Article authority as the unifier of the people that is independent, authoritative, and has the authority to develop and oversee the implementation of the life, adat (custom), language, the award How to cite: of titles and honors, and adat rites. This research was Ibrahim, Z. (2020). Wali conducted in Banda Aceh city using a qualitative method. The Nanggroe Institution: The Role, concept used was Wali Nanggroe, the theories of strategy, Function, and Strategy for conflict resolution, and political communication theories to Resolving Conflict in Aceh after resolve local conflicts and analyze Wali Nanggroe neutrality in the Peace. Society, 8(2), 313-324. resolving conflicts in Aceh. The data were obtained by observation technique and interview (questionnaires and voice DOI : 10.33019/society.v8i2.192 records). The results found that the Wali Nanggroe Institution does not implement a strategy in resolving conflicts both local conflicts and other conflicts in local institutions. Also, Wali Copyright © 2020. Owned by Nanggroe does not hold political communication to resolve the Author(s), published by Society conflicts. Besides, as a mediator, Wali Nanggroe is unfair to resolve the conflicts among local institutions due to some causes; emotional attachment between Wali Nanggroe and Members of Parliament at Aceh Provincial House of This is an open-access article.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia: Pre-Election Anxieties in Aceh
    Update Briefing Asia Briefing N°81 Jakarta/Brussels, 9 September 2008 Indonesia: Pre-Election Anxieties in Aceh I. OVERVIEW affiliation, but the problem goes beyond law enforce- ment to the unaccountable nature of the KPA itself. Three years after the 15 August 2005 signing of the For many GAM leaders, the central question remains Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding between the full implementation of the Helsinki agreement, or even Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement full implementation of the Law on the Governing of Aceh (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM), Aceh is politically (Law 11/2006), the watered down legal embodiment of vibrant but on edge. The sources of unease are several. the pact. The content of the law’s implementing regu- As preparations get underway for the April 2009 par- lations has become a struggle between bureaucrats in liamentary elections with 44 parties – six local, 38 Jakarta, many of whom see Aceh as just another prov- national – in contention, the military is worried about ince, and political leaders in Aceh determined to make Partai Aceh, the GAM party, winning control of local self-government a reality. It is the latter stance that legislatures and challenging Jakarta’s authority. Partai political conservatives, including many in the military, Aceh is worried about overt or covert interference from too often interpret as separatist. Jakarta, and smaller parties are worried about intimi- dation by Partai Aceh. Election officials are concerned In the midst of the pre-poll anxiety, the immediate goal a dispute between Jakarta and Aceh over candidate should be to ensure that the lead-up to the election is requirements could delay the polls, and other struggles violence-free.
    [Show full text]