You £: Kurume City, t••,.;:, ';',-._t'

Grower of v; Al 1479-2 Yoshiki, I< TEL 0942-47-0592, FAX

On the Cover: What is in a name? In the records at the Washington Park Arboretum, it is listed as 'Wilmetta'. In the Southern California Camellia Society's Camellia Nomenclature 1981 Historical Edition, it is listed as 'Willmetta', of USA origin in 1954, by Mrs. A. Jensen, Washington State. On the other hand, Robert J. Hansen, writing about winter damage to the camellias at the Washington Park Arboretum in the American Camellia Society's American Camellia Yearbook for 1950, has it listed as 'Wilmetta', with the notation that it suffered severe leaf scorch. And in the same yearbook, Mrs. G.W. Tritle of Seattle, Washington, said, "Wilmetta, a seedling brought ti'om Japan probably 40 years ago and never identified, but named by the owner, seems to be very hardy." On the Back Cover: Camellia 50/1 The "International Camellia Register", published in 1993, has it listed as 'Willmeta', named for frontispiece in 1. Robert Sealy's ~A Will and Meta Jensen, who brought it with them as a seedling from Holland. We can only assume that into Japanese for the Japan Camellio Tom Savige obtained his information for the Register from the Jensen family. p. 24). For more about Sealy and RO' For more about the camellias at the Washington Park Arboretum, see the article by Greg Davis on George Forrestto China to collect pI, page 28. which was used by John Charles \Vil AIMS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA SOCIETY

To foster the love of camellias throughout the world and maintain and increase their popularity

To undertake historical, sCientific and horticultural research in connection with camellias

To co-operate with all national and regional camellia societies and with other horticultural societies

To disseminate information concerning camellias by means of bulletins and other publications

To encourage a friendly exchange between camellia enthusiasts of all nationalities

MAJOR DATES ON THE INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA CALENDAR

19-25 March 2005 - International Camellia Congress, Locarno, Switzerland 14-19 March 2005 - Pre-Congress Tour in Italy 25-31 March 2005 - Post-Congress Tour in Germany

14-20 August 2006 - International Camellia Congress, Melbourne, Australia 8-13 August 2006 - Pre-Congress Tour in Victoria 20-24 August 2006 - Post Congress tour to Sydney 24-28 August 2006 - Extended Tour in far north Queensland/Great Barrier Reef from 24 August 2006 - North Island, New Zealand (see p.ll)

Spring 2008 - International Camellia Congress, Cornwall, England

Spring 2010 - International Camellia Congress, Kurume, Japan

Publication of this volume of the International Camellia Journal was delayed because of the illness of the editor. 2 INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA JOURNAL 2004 No. 36 An Official Publication ofthe International Camellia Society

CONTENTS Page Message from the President Greg Davis 4

Otomo Fund Management Rules 9

OtomoFund 10

Events, People and Places

International Camellia Congress II in Melbourne, Australia - 2006

Massachusetts Camellia Society Richard Schuihof 16 Celebrates l75th Anniversary Show

Baptism of 'Cotes d' Armor' for the Roger Salalin 18 Camellia Festival of Guingamp in Brittany 26-28 March 2005

Riddle of the Leverkusen 'Masayoshi' Shigeo Matsumoto 22 is Solved

Translating Sealy's "A Revision of the Shigeo Matsumoto 24 Genus Camellia" into Japanese

The Creators of "A Revision of the Herb Short 26 Genus Camellia"

A Treasure of Vintage Camellias Greg Davis 28 in Washington Park Arboretum

Legacy of a Plant Hunter Herb Short 35 3

On the Camellia Road in Yunnan Mirella Gloria and 38 Gianmario Motta

A Rare-book Collector's Reflections on Shinichiro Kishikawa 44 the History of Camellias in the West

Obituaries

Dr. Klaus Peper 53

Dr. Robert Withers 54

Os Blurnhardt 55

Colonel Tom Durrant 55

Culture and Research

Phenology of Camellia Japonica Cultivars Pilar Vela, Carmen Salinero, 56 in Northwestern Spain Olga Agufn and Pilar Pinon and Marfa J. Sainz

A Plantation for the Propagation of You Muxian 61 Camellia Chrysantha

Green Tea is Good Enough to Eat Herb Short 63

Potus The [ Drink of Tea] Peter C. Tillreus 64

New Registrations 73

In the Regions 75

Treasurers Report 82

Membership 85

Directors and Officers 93 4 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

The Locarno Congress is now on center published in 1997, are evidence of our long stage. We have been pleased with the good dedication to this important function. The late planning work on the part of Claudia Respini Thomas J. Savige was the primary driving force and Mary Caroni. We are confident that the behind these publications. Now we must find Congress and accompanying tours will be a a new Tom Savige and we are asking for great success. This will be ajoyous occasion nominations for this important position of for camellia friends. We hope to meet many International Camellia Registrar. new Italian, Swiss and German camellia We would like to see more Gardens of friends as well as the many ICS friends we Excellence. We currently have eight have not seen since Jinhua. worldwide. Please contact your Region Our Chinese camellia friends are now hard Director about nominating one of your local at work promoting their 2nd International gardens. Symposium on Camellia Nitidissima The Otomo Research Fund is growing ­ (previously Camellia chrysantha) to be held but oh, so slowly: The camellia world is now in Guilin on 1-7 March 2005. This symposium poised to make some major advances in its is co-sponsored by the ICS, the Forestry research efforts. The ICS is in the best position Administration, the People's Government of to be a majorplayer in theseresearch programs. Guilin, and the Camellia Branch of the China However our financial contributions are very Flower Association. The symposium will be limited until we can get some major held in a 5-Star Resort Hotel, the Guilin contributions to our Otomo Fund. Please help. Menyland, which has a 30-hectare theme park, Of continuing importance is our work to a first class golf course, and 20,000 camellia increase ICS membership. Your local trees. China's 5th National Camellia Show will Membership Representative needs your help. be held simultaneously in Guilin. Neville With the Locarno Congress we should see a Haydon and I have agreed to attend. major increase .in membership in 2005. Help In addition to the above festivities, the town to make sure your region is among the leaders of Qintong, Jiangsu Province, has invited us in membership growth. to their two days ofcamelliafestivities centered I wish to thank all the Officers, Directors, around their 700-year-old camellia tree which and Membership Representatives who have reportedly will have 10,000 blooms. Dragon worked so hard during the past year to keep Boat races as well as camellia displays will be the ICS moving towards the excellent Aims of featured. If! don't show up in Milan, you might the Society. A special thanks to our Executive start your search here! Committee: Neville Haydon, Peter Levick, Pat One of ICS' most important functions is Layman Short, Herb Short, and Morris Waller, maintaining records of camellia registrations who have been in almost daily e-mail contact worldwide. Our two-volume "International with me in tending to the many challenges of CamelliaRegister",published in 1993, and the our 28-nation Society. "International Camellia Register Supplement", Greg Davis 5

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{(llJ,X; iY'1lv}~ JikiIi:f Ilili n<.JJJi,I,i)(: .!cj:j1~t&. 6 MESSAGE DU PRESIDENT Le congres de Locarno est a present au J. Savige fut Ie principal moteur de ces publi­ centre de la scene. Nous sommes enchantes cations. Maintenant, nous devons trouver un du travail de preparation effectue par Claudia nouveau Tom Savige et nous faisons appel aux Respini et Mary Cm·oni. Nous sommes slirs candidatures pour cette fonction importante de que Ie Congres et les visites organisees "International Camellia Registrar". connaitront beaucoup de succes. Ce sera une Nous voudrions voir davantage de Jm'dins veritable fete pour les amis du camelia. Nous d'Excellence. En ce moment nous en avons esperons y rencontrer beaucoup de nouveaux huit dans Ie monde. Si vous voulez proposer amis du cameliS: d'Italie, de Suisse et l'un des jardins de votre region, veuillez d' Allemagne ainsi que les nombreux amis contacter votre Administrateur regional. d'ICS que nous n'avons pas vu depuis Jinhua. Le fonds de recherche "Otomo" est en Nos amis chinois se sont mis au travail avec croissance - mais malheureusement tres ardeur pour promouvoir-Ieur 2eme Symposium lentement. Le monde du camelia est International sur Ie Camellia nitidissima maintenant pret afaire des progres importants (precedemment Camellia chrysantha) qui se dans ses efforts de recherche. L'ICS est la tiendra a Guilin du 1er au 7 mars 2005. Ce mieux placee pour jouer un role majeur dans symposium est co-sponsore par I'ICS, ces programmes de recherche. Cependant, nos I' Administration des Forets, Ie Gouvernement possibilites financieres sont tres limitees tant Populaire de Guilin, et la branche Camelia de que nous ne disposons pas de contributions la China Flower Association. Le symposium importantes it notre fonds Otomo. Nous vous se tiendra dans un hotelS etoiles de I'endroit, en prions, aidez-nous. Ie Guilin Merryland, qui dispose d'un parc a II est egalement important que nous theme de 30 hectares, un golf de premiere poursuivions notre effort pour augmenter Ie classe et 20.000 camelias. La Seme Exposi­ nombre de membres ICS. Votre Delegue tion Nationale Chinoise de Camelias aura lieu Membres local. a besoin de votre aide. Grace en meme temps aGuilin. Neville Haydon et au Congres de Locarno nous devrions assister moi-meme avons accepte de nousy rendre. a un accroissement important du nombre de En plus des festivites ci-dessus, la ville de membres en 2005. Mettez-y du votre pour que Qintong, dans la province de Jiangsu, nous a votre region soit parmi celles qui auront fait Ie invite aleur fete du camelia centree sur leur plus de nouveaux membres. camelia age de 700 ans qui dit-on, portera Je tiens a remercier tous les Membres du 10.000 tleurs. II y aura de regates de "Drag­ bureau, Administrateurs et Delegues des ons" ainsi qu'une exposition de camelias. Si membres, qui ont travaille tres dur it la j vous ne me voyez pas aMilan, commencez poursuite des objectifs d'excellence de la " vos recherches ici! Societe. Un merci tout special it notre Comite L'une des plus importantes taches de I'ICS executif: Neville Haydon, Peter Levick, Pat est de tenir ajour un registre des camelias du Layman Short, Herb Short, et Morris Waller, monde entier. Notre registre en deux volume qui ont ete en contact quasi journalier par "International Camellia Register", publie en courrier electronique avec moi pour repondre 1993, et Ie supplement "International Camel­ aux nombreux defis de notre Societe lia Register Supplement", publie en 1997, sont maintenant riche de 28 nations. la preuve de notre devouement sans reI ache a Greg Davis cette tache importante. Feu Monsieur Thomas 7

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~ ~:#f{lt tdlUllWHR: lej1t iii!: L t.:. o 8 BOTSCHAFT DES PRASIDENTEN Del' Locarno KOl1gress steht nun im herausgebrachtes 2-Band "Internationales Mittelpunkt. Wir sind Claudia Respini und Kamelienregister" und der in 1997 Mary Caroni sehr dankbar fUr die geleistete verOffentlichte Erganzllngsband des Planungsarbeit.Wir sind ganz sicher, dass del' "Internationalen Kamelienregisters" zeugt von Kongress und die damit verbllndenen Ausfllige unserem langjiihrigen Engagement bzgl. dieser einen groBer Erfolg werden. Es wird ein Aufgabe. Es ist der verstorbene Thomas J. schones Erlebnis fUr Kamelienliebhaber Savige, dem wir die Veroffentlichungen zu werden. Wir hoffen, viele neue italienische, verdanken haben. Und nun mlissen wir einen schweizerische und deutsche Kameli­ neuen Tom Savige finden und wir bitten um enliebhaber kennen zu lernen und die vielen Ihre Kandidatenvorschlage, fUr diese wichtige ICS-Freunde, die wir seit Jinhua nicht mehr Position als ,Internationaler Kamelien­ gesehen haben, wieder zu treffe registrar' . Unsere chinesischen Kamelienfreunde sind Wir wlirden gerne mehr ,Garden of stark damit beschaftigt, fUr ihr 2. Excellence' sehen. Weltweit gibt es nun acht. internationales Symposium, Camellia Bitte wenden Sie sich an Ihren regionalen Nitidissima (friiher als Camellia chrysantha . Direktor, um einer Ihter ortlichen Garten bezeichnet) , zu werben, das in Guilin yom 1. vorzuschlagen. bis 7. Marz 2005 stattfinden wird. Dieses Der Otomo Research Fund wachst zwar, Symposium wird gleichzeitig von der ICS, del' abel' leider nm im Schneckentempo! Die Forstverwaltung, der Guilin Volksregierung Kamelienwelt ist jetzt bereit, einige groBe und del' Kamelienbranche der China Flower Fortschritte in ihrer Forschung zu machen. Association getOrdert. Das Symposium wird Die ICS ist in del' besten Position, eine der in einem 5-Sterne Hotel, dem Guilin Hauptrollen in diesen Forschungsprogrammen Merryland, gehalten, das liber einen 30 ha zu libernehmen. Unsere finanziellen Beitrage groBen Themenpark, einen erstklassigen sind jedoch sehr beschrankt bis wir einige Golfplatz und 20000 Kamelienbaume verfligt. groBeren Zuwendungen fUr unserem Otomo Chinas 5. Nationale Kamelienshow wird zur Fund erhalten haben. Wir bitten Sie um Hilfe! gleichen Zeit in Guilin abgehalten. Neville Das VergroBern del' ICS Mitgliedschaft Haydon und ich haben uns bereit erklart, bleibt weiterhin ein wichtiger Teil unserer teilzunehmen. Arbeit. Ihr ortlicher Mitgliedschaftsvertreter Zuzliglich zu den oben beschriebenen benotigt Ihre Hilfe! Dank des Locarno Events hat die Stadt Qintong in del' Jiangsu Kongresses sollten wir einen groBen Zuwachs Provinz llns eingeladen, an ihren 2-tagigen der Mitgliedschaft in 2005 zu verzeichnen Kamelienfestivitaten teilzunehmen, die zu haben. Bitte stellen Sie sichel', dass Ihre Region Ehreneines 700 Jahre alten Kamelienbaums eine del' groBten Zuwachsquoten von stattfinden, del' um die 10 000 Bliiten haben Mitgliedern haben wird. soil. Es wird eine Drachenboot-Regatta und Hiermit mochte ich allen Vor­ auch Kamelienshows stattfinden. Wenn Sie es standsmitgliedern, Direktoren und nicht nach Milan schaffen, dann konnen Sie Mitgliedschaftsvertretern meinen Dank mit Ihrer Suche hier beginnen! aussprechen, die unermlidlich im vergangenen Eine del' wichtigsten Aufgabender ICS ist Jahr gearbeitet haben, die ICS weiter auf die die Verwaltung der Archive bzw. das ausgezeichneten Ziele des Vereins voran zu WeiterfUhren del' Kamelienregistrierungs­ treiben. Ganz besonderer Dank geblihrt Dokumentation weltweit Unser 1993 unseren Vorstandsmitgliedern, Herrn Neville 9

Haydon, Helm Peter Levick, Frau Pat Layman Herausforderungen, die ein aus 28 Nationen Short, Herrn Herb Short, und Herrn Mon'is bestehender Verein mit sich bringt, zu Waller, die beinahe tiiglich mit mir Kontakt bewaltigen. per Email hatten, um die vielen Greg Davis

THE OTOMO ENDOWMENT RESEARCH FUND MANAGEMENT RULES ~ilJttm~fE1iJf~~~ LE FONDS DE RECHERCHE DE LA FONDATION OTOMO DER OTOMO ENDOWMENT RESEARCH FUND :k{*W1iJf~~~

1. The fund shall be a Designated Fund ofthe 4. Appointments to the Advisory Board shall International Camellia Society Inc. Moneys be recommended by the President after donated or earned by interest or other means consultation with the Vice-Presidents, and then may be used only for the purpose specifIed confirmed by the Board of Directors. herein. One Member of the Advisory Board shall retire each year on June 30, but shall be eligible 2. The object ofthe Fund shall be to encourage for re-appointment. To give effect to this and assist any research pertaining to the genus provision, the President shall invite the initial camellia which will be of international benefit Members to accept a first term of 1,2,3,4 and to growers. 5 years respectively. .Nomenclature research and publication, Vacancies caused by the midterm being already provided for by another resignation orunavailability ofa Membershall Designated Fund of the Society, are excluded be filled by the same process. The new from this Fund, but verification or comparison appointee shall act for the unexpired portion of plants to establish their correct of the term of the retiring Member. nomenclature, for example by DNA or other methods, is included in the definition of 5. When considering invitations to join the research for this Fund. Advisory Board, The President and Vice­ Presidents should have regard to scientific 3. Administration of the Fund shall be vested knowledge and experience, and also to having in an Advisory Board offive Members, one of as wide a geographical spread of membership whom shall be Chairman. The Advisory Board as is feasible. shall have sole right to recommend research grants from the Fund, for confirmation by the 6. Fund moneys shall be held and invested by Board of Directors. The Chairman shall be . the Treasurer of the Society, and shall form responsible for co-ordinating the initiatives and partofthe Annual Accounts and Balance Sheet. work ofthe Advisory Board, for receiving and sending of correspondence, and for acting as 7. While it is envisaged that grants will liaison with the President, Treasurer and the normally be made from interest earned, the Board of Directors. Advisory Board shall have power to 10 recommend, for confirmation by the Board of the ICS Editorfor provision ofa suitable paper Directors, grants requiring payment from or article for publication in the Journal. The capital for any research which they consider ICS to hold first publication rights to work to be of sufficient urgency or importance. completely funded, and early rights to any work co-funded. 8. The Advisory Board may publicise their work, encourage research and invite 11. The Chairman shall provide a Report of applications for grants by whatever means they the Advisory Board's work yearly as at June consider appropriate. 30 to the Board ofDirectors, and for publication in the Journal. 9. When grants are made, the contract with the grantee should include recognition of the 12. These Rules may be altered by majority funding in any published results. vote of the Board of Directors in full meeting or by postal vote, as provided for in the By­ 10. Agreement should also be reached with Laws of the Society.

OTOMO ENDOWMENT RESEARCH FUND The Fund makes its awards from interest earned, and with a corpus of only £17,656 as at 31 December 2003, we are still limited in the amount and frequency of the awards which we can make. We again solicit donations to the Fund so that we can increase our activities and encour­ age more camellia related research projects. In June, I retired by rotation from the Advisory Board, and accepted re-nomination for a further term by President Davis. The Advisory Board sincerely thanks the following donors to the Fund from October 2003 to November 2004. Neville Haydon Chairman Advisory Board

Australia Australian Congress Members (China) Mrs. D. Fraser Mr. & Mrs J. W. Fraser Mr. & Mrs. R Garnett Dr. & Mrs. R Hayter Mr. T. Ruckert New Zealand Mrs. C. Chitty Mrs. J. Currie Mr. & Mrs. D. Harwood Mr. RJ. Macdonald Special Gifts Mr G. Davis, USA, Community Service Grants from the Exxon Foundation. Japan Camellia Society, celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the founding of the Japan Camellia Society. II

2006 International Camellia Society Congress 13th - 20th August Melbourne, Australia

AUSTRALIA

August 2006 Congress · 14th· 20th o Pre-Congress Tour (Victoria) .. • 8th· 13th August VTA~MANIA Post Congress Tour (Sydney) • 20th· 24th August Extended Tours Far north Queensland / Great Barrier Reef • 24th· 28th August North Island (New Zealand) ... from 24th Au/(ust 12 2006 INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA SOCIETY CONGRESS 13th - 20th AUGUST, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

2006 ~ 8 J3 13-20 B:(£m*;fU.w.~$*m~~tr~~1iHt*it' CONGRES INTERENATIONAL 2006 DE LA SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DU CAMELIA A MELBOURNE EN AUSTRALIE DU 13 AU 20 AOU 2006 DER INTERNATIONALE KAMELIENKONGRESS 2006 IN MELBOURNE AUSTRALIEN VOM 13 - 20 AUGUST ~~ A r-:7 !J 7, ;< /v;j{/v:/' I C S *~ - 2006 ~ 8 J.l 13 !=l "-'20 !=l

PRE CONFERENCE TOUR-VICTORIA Grampians national park is a lofty mountain Tuesday, 8 August - Sunday, 13 August zone rising steeply from the flat expanse of Victoria's west. Soaring ranges, deep forests, A small but very compact State ... Victoria cascading waterfalls, and gigantic sculpture will be on show. gardens are just some of the sights to greet us. Cosmopolitan Melbourne provides the Stroll to a panoramic lookout or visit an stunning backdrop to the start ofour odyssey. Aboriginal rock art site. The Grampians are Across the Westgate Bridge,justover the "Top not only a garden of vast proportions but also of the Bay", we will head towards Geelong a showcase ofmany of the state's finest plants. and the Bellarine Peninsula for aspecial guided About a third of Victoria's native plants ­ tour of the Geelong Botanical Gardens. Then nearly 970 species - are found here. a quick peek at what the Bellarine Peninsula Drawn by the pure mountain air and the offers the traveller: beautiful beaches, cool temperatures of Mount Macedon, historical seaside villages, national and state Melbourne's wealthiest families of the 1870s parks, and award-wining wineries. Just and 1880s built the most indulgent summer beyond The Rip at Point Lonsdale we will mansions imaginable, surrounding them with come upon the untamed waves of Bass Strait, acres of richly planted gardens. As we make which will be part of our backdrop over the our way back to Melbourne and the ICS next days as we journeyVictoria's Great Ocean International Congress we will stop and stroll Road. and visit one or more of these wonderful From Torquay to Lome; fish & chips at gardens. Apollo Bay or a leisurely walk into the Otway National Park; The Twelve Apostles on the CONGRESS - MELBOURNE Shipwreck Coast. At Warrnambool between Monday 14 August - Sunday 20 August June and October, female Southern Right whales return to the water offWarrnambool's The Congress will be based at the Hyatt Logans Beach to calve. The whales often swim Hotel, Collins Street, in the heart ofMelbourne within 100 meters of the shore and can be and close to everything the city has to offer. viewed from a specially constructed platform The formal programme will emphasise in the sand dunes or from the beach. Australia's contribution to the camellia world We then turn north into the perfect calm of but will include contributions from New the spectacular Grampians region. The Zealand and the United States. 13

The Twelve Apostles on the Shipwreck Coast.

Playing the Melbourne Anglesea Goll'Course,

Melbourne Royal Botanical Gardens and Government House (above),

rVlelbourne City Skyline, 14

Melbourne is famed for its parks and EXTENDED POST CONFERENCE gardens and we shall visit these and see our TOUR - FAR NORTH QUEENSLAND, diverse indigenous flora and unique birds and CAIRNS animals. Thursday, 24 August - Monday, 28 August We look forward to welcoming camellia friends from all comers of the world. Australia's Great Barrier Reef is timeless: A unique beauty encapsulated in 2,000 POST CONFERENCE TOUR­ kilometres of underwater wilderness. This SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES fantasy world of sunlit coral valleys and Sunday, 20 August - Thursday, 24 August canyons is the playground for a day whilst visiting Far North Queensland.

Sydney -- one of the most beautiful We have requested special boarding of " harbours in the world dominated by the M.V Quicksilver for a full day excursion to ! billowing white sails of the Opera House and the outer Barrier Reef: The day includes the gigantic steel arch ofthe Harbour Bridge­ snorkelling equipment and facilities on the is the next port of call on your Australian Reef, plus a submersible vessel for underwater journey. reef-viewing, and a smorgasbord lunch. A cruise on this city's most famed harbour There will be a ride on the famed 100­ is simply a must, as is a walk through her year-old Kuranda Scenic Rail that wanders up beautiful Botanical Gardens. A day spent just to the township of Kuranda. The returnjourney north of Sydney at Paradise Gardens and will be by equally famed SkyRail; this cable­ Nursery, Kulnara, home ofICS member, plant car ride gives the traveller an opportunity to hunter and hybridist Bob Cherry will be a experience a brilliant rainforest canopy by highlight long to remember. stepping offatboth the platforms to experience One cannot come to Sydney and not visit walking through the tree tops, before heading "Enchanting Eryldene", home of the late down towards Smithfield and the Tjapukai Professor E.G. Waterhouse. This historic and Aboriginal Cultural Centre, which provides a interesting property is tucked away behind a small insight into local Aboriginal History. white picket fence in Gordon, on Sydney's The days arefilled with exploration, sights north shore. The elegant, heritage-listed house and sounds, totally unique to Australia. is surrounded by a beautiful camellia and azalea Contact: Conference Secretariat Regina Kaye garden. Eryldene's garden is renowned for its [email protected] horticultural interest, as well as its beauty. It

presents camellias associated with the early An alternative Extended Post Congress TO,ur .r_'" days of New South Wales, in addition to those of New Zealand's North Island is being' raised by Professor Waterhouse and others organized by our trans-Tasman friends. ' given to him by friends from around the world. 15

Skyrail Rainforest Cableway.

Eryldene home of E.G. Waterhouse in Gordon near Sydney.

Great Barrier Reef with MS Quicksilver at uuck. 16 MASSACHUSETTS CAMELLIA SOCIETY CELEBRATES 17Sth ANNIVERSARY SHOW

Richard Schulhof ~••~ffl*~~~.l~@~~. LA SOCIETE DU MASSACHUSETTS FETE SA 175EME EXPOSITION DIE MASSACHUSETTS CAMELLIA SOCIETY BEGEHT IHRE175. JUBILAUMS-SHOW ~~T~-~yy~m~, 175~~~~~~m? On an unseasonably warm weekend in only 14 years after the first 'Alba Plena' was February 2004, the Massachusetts Camellia brought from China to England by Captain Society hosted its 175th anniversary show at John Corner of the English East Indiaman the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Camatie. With a record of cultivation in in Jamaica Plain, near Boston. The event Boston dating back almost 200 years, 'Alba attracted more than 1,000 people, the largest Plena' has more than proven its worth among attendance on record. New England growers. With temperatures soaring to 52F (II C), It also underscores the fact that the the members of the Massachusetts Camellia popularity of camellias among Massachusetts Society provided aspectacular display ofmore horticulturists predates the first recorded than 250 blooms. The show, organized by competition in 1829, when a $3.00 prize was Sandy Kautz, the society's president, was a offered for the greatest number and finest kinds landmark occasion in several ways. A feature of blooms. Boston was an early center for article in the Boston Globe, the region's leading horticulture in the young republic, and it was newspaper, highlighted both the event and the a small number of prominent citizens with potential of camellias for the dedicated New greenhouses who became the first camellia England horticulturist. The judges -- Ann growers in the region. For example, shortly Walton, executive director of the American after 1800, Col. Thomas H. Perkins began Camellia Society, from Massee Lane, Georgia, developing a fine garden in Brookline. It BarbaraTuffli, from Atherton, California, and included two glasshouses, each 300-ft. (90­ Loti Daudt, from Delaware c- added to the m.) long, and featured a significant collection special feeling ofthe show. of camellias and exotic plants such as A lecture on the yellow camellia species enkianthus and pineapple. of Vietnam, and an exhibit of camellia Marshall Wilder, who became president illustrations from the library of the Arnold of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in Arboretum, rounded out the program. In 1830, originated in 1839 the famous old variety addition, visitors enjoyed tea tastings of 'Mrs. Abby Wilder' from two of the oldest Chinese varieties offered bya local merchant. camellias to come from China: the seed of A particularly fitting historical note was 'Middlemist's Red' fertilized by 'Pompone'. provided by the Best in Show award to an' Alba Until 1938, camellia shows in Boston were Plena' 'grown by Frank Streeter. There is a hosted by the Massachusetts Horticultural record of John prince of Boston having Society. Thereafter, camellia growers received a plant Of'Alba Plena: from a Joseph established their own show as part of the Barrell ofCharleston, Massachusetts, in 1806, Massachusetts Camellia Society. 17

This long history of camellia cultivation however, trial plantings have ended in occurs in a region that unfailingly experiences disappointment. Camellias in locations not sub-freezing winter temperatures and often moderated by coastal influence have persisted receives significant quantities of snow. Today, for a few years. only to be felled by the first camellia growers in Massachusetts use genuinely cold winter. The record holder at glasshouses, living-room windows, bright the Arnold Arboretum is '\-Vinter's Star', a Dr. basemellls and any other local ion that will gel William Ackerman hybrid, which managed to their plants through the long, cold winter survive outdoors for nearly four years. season. This past winter in Boston brought a low As for outdoor cultivation, some temperature of -SF (-22C). killing outdoor enthusiasts have been encouraged by the camellias ill the city and surrounding suburbs. reputed hardiness of recently introduced Yet, the most of the cold was forgotten on 28 hybrids and, with careful siting and occasional February, lhe day of the 175th anniversary protection, these hybrids. along with C.oteifera show. and a few C.japonica varieties. have been grown in coastal areas, primarily on Cape Cod Richard Schllthofis direuorofthe Amott! and Martha's Vineyard. Elsewhere in the state, Arboretu/1/ of Harvard University.

Frank Streeter wilh "Best In Show" 'Alba Plena'.

Judges left to right: Lou Dandt, Ann Walton, Barbara Tuffli. 18 BAPTISM OF 'COTES D'ARMOR' FOR THE CAMELLIA FESTIVAL OF GUINGAMP IN BRITTANY 26-28 MARCH 2005 Adapted from a talk by Roger Salaiin at Park Ar Brug (Breton for Heath Park) in Tregor, Brittany, on Friday, 3 April 2004, at the naming of Camellia hybrid 'Cotes d' Armor', originated by Fanch Le Moal, as the symbol of the Camellia Festival of Guingamp. 2005 ~ 3 J.l 26-28 BtE~IE~~tl~JB~ft-F~~fE"'P2Pff~J}tl.ec~ BAPTEME DU COTES D'ARMOR" POUR LE FESTIVAL DU CAMELLIA DE GUINGAMP EN BRETAGNE DU 26 AU MARS 2005 DIE TAUFE DER,COTES D'ARMOR' FUR DAS IN GUINGAMP IN DER BRETAGNE YOM 26.-28. MARZ 2005 GEHALTENE KAMELIENFESTIVAL ....f/v ~ -::=":::L", jJ ~ ::fAm~ ~ (2005 if. 3 jj 26""'28 13) -r:­ ~/-{q:- r::I4-~ • ?,'A-/vJ O)1ftt~Jt The first double-flowered camellias, queen of the winter flowers in Brittany, with Camellia japonicas 'Alba Plena' and blossoming stretching from October to May­ 'Variegata', aITived in Great Britain in 1792. more than six months. They were followed gradually by other Without wanting to retrace the history of varieties. the genus Camellia, we know that several They came quite quickly to the continent, species, other than C.japonica, have also via the Low Countries, then Germany and Italy. contributed, through the fortunate crossings It was not until after the Congress ofVienna in which were carried out, to the incredible 1815 that they appeared in France, where they diversity of varieties cultivated today. were cultivated, following the example ofother The work of selection, which was one of European countries, in cold houses, persuaded the glories of Nantes during the 19th century as the enthusiasts were that this protection was and atthe beginning ofthe 20th century, moved indispensable. This was until the time that wise into the Anglo-Saxon countries, particularly horticulturalists realised that in the climate of after the end of World War II. It was J.C. Nantes this protection is not necessary, and Williams, in Cornwall in the UK, who was the that open land and open air are perfectly first to find the superb hybrids [C.x williamsii] suitable for camellias. of japonica and saluenensis, after the From then on, camellia development in introduction of this latter species in 1924 in France was rapid in the west, thanks to the his garden at Caerhays Castle, thus introducing flourishing horticulture of Nantes. new nuances, unknown until then, into the very In particular, the Cornouaille Bretonne, numerous novelties which have appeared with its particularly favourable climate, was thanks to this initial work. to see an expansion in the Nantes varieties In 1948, the Americans, for their part, had during the 19th century. Witnesses to this are the joy of procuring for themselves, after the numerous subjects which one may come incredible ups and downs, about 15 Chinese across. around old dwellings andin some varieties of C.reticulata, which allowed new cemeteries in the south of Brittany. diversification and new genetic progress. Thus, this extraordinary plant became the (Editor's note: Walter Lammerts of Descanso 19

Roger SJlaUn (left) begins the baptism ceremony <\1 PJrk Ar Rrug by tracing the parentage of CJmellia hybrid 'Cotes d' AnnoI'.

Fanch Le Mo~1 and ICS Vice President P~l Shorl 'Coles d' Armor: a stunning cross between 'Mary celebrate a champagne baptism, Jobson' and 'Inspiration', 20

Gardens, La Ca'nada, California, imported 20 presenting to you at the request of my good varietoes from Yunnan, five of which died. friend, Fanch Le Moal. Ralpf Peer of Los Angeles imported 19 I know for certain that amongst us here are· varieties, 16 of which died. Eventually, gathered eminent specialists, very well Lammerts and Peer wound up with 18 varieties; informed professionals, older talented see 2001 Journal, p.58.) professionals whose competence is so fantastic Other species were then introduced in the that each ofthem is more qualified than myself second half ofthe 20th century, in particular, to present to you this novelty which, for the the species with perfumed flowers, which open moment, is concealed from us. up very interesting new prospects. But, I must tell you that my own passion to Well, today, at the heart ofthis magnificent start with, and then my admiration for the work garden of Fanch and Anne Le Moal, in this of Fanch, have made me accept the honour of beautiful country of Tregor, in .this garden presenting this superb variety to you, which which is the fruit of a passion shared by Anne will reveal itself without further ado. and Fanch for more than 35 years, we can It was born from a sowing harvested on a admire at leisure the great diversity of this variety of williamsii which is called 'Mary genus Camellia whose summons we have Jobson', presented for the first time in answered. Treseders nursery catalogue in Truro in This passion was born from the happy Cornwall in 1962. As you can see for yourself, meeting ofFanch Le Moal with a person whom it is a variety with a single flower, pink with one cannot fail to remember here, a person lavender shades, vigorous and with prolific who was the initiator and the master of Fanch flowers. from 1968. This likeable man communicated The father of the present star is probably his passion to numerous enthusiasts - those the variety 'Inspiration' [c. reticulata Wild who went to see him, those who wrote to him Form x C.saluenensis], which is found quite and finally those who have read his small book close to here. 'Inspiration' is older than 'Mary published for the first time in 1969. It is, in Jobson' since it appeared in the 1955 Hillier fact, Jean Le Bihan of Poullaouen, we are catalogue and was presented for the first time talking about - about 50 km from here in a to the public in the same year, in the collection westerly direction in neighbouring Finistere, of Edmund de Rothschild at Exbury. It was an who wrote this small work with the prothetical acquisition of Francis Hanger in 1954. title: "No garden without the camellia". If the British mother 'Mary Jobson' is a Here, in this garden where numerous and single flower, the father 'Inspiration' is semi­ diverse varieties are gathered, just as with J.e. double, with 20 petals of a stronger pink phlox Williams on the other side of the Channel, the colour. Both offer flowers of modest bees do a remarkable job of diversification. dimensions: the larger 'Inspiration' has a The patient observations of Fanch and Anne diameter of only 8.5 cm [3.3 in]. do the rest in selecting the most admirable of The plant we are going to uncover came the many varieties from the natural or crossed from a sowing made in October 1985. From seedlings. the seedling selected by Fanch, the first flower Amongst the numerous varieties appeared in 1996. It is here that what is discovered at Park Ar Brug, one of which is required, in terms of patience and tenacity to the very interesting acquisition being arrive at the result, is going to be measured. distributed under the name of 'Ville de As you will see, the flower is sumptuous, Guingamp', we are, today, going to unveil a both in its brightness and in its dimension. marvel which I will have the honour of It is semi-double, offers 15 petals that 21 reveal from the start of blooming a bouquet of gilded stamens - its diameter of 12 Col [4.7 in] classes it amongst the large tlowers. The colour of the flower is difficult to determine with precision, in that it is rich and changes according to the lighting. I tried to place it in the range of colours proposed by Professor Chouart in "le Bon Jardinier". I think I can place it in the shades between purplish pink or amaranthine pink, between magenta pink and solferino before complete flowering. The flower lasts for about 10 days and its colour brightens on ageing with copper shades leaves are a beautiful shining dark green, have about 700 camellia varieties alld .\}iecies which exude health. at Park AI' Brug. About 200 were origillllled Amongst the novelties which have by Fanch alld he savsfouro/these \I'ere worth appeared in the last few years, this one will naming. 'Ville de Guingalrlp' was IIwned for definitely attract the interest of enthusiasts and the secol1d festim/. Three years ago, Fanch professionals al ike. andAnne began sending cl1lllellias as presellts Fanch and Anne may be proud of their 10 the parellts o/lIelV-bo/'l1 babies ill Ihe area. acquisition, and we can congratulate and About 1.000 have been senl so far and the applaud them for it. local g(wel'llment has takell on the J!r(~ieet. 22 RIDDLE OF THE LEVERKUSEN 'MASAYOSHP IS SOLVED

Shigeo Matsumoto MJfiE5(R~#Zit VENIGME DU "MASAYOSHI" DE LEVERKUSEN EST EST RESOLUE DAS RATSEL DER 'MASAYOSHI' IN LEVERKUSEN WURDE GELOST V-/--:-:7-i!~O) rIE~J O)~, M~ ~ 0

[n early April 2004, a group of Japan double that originated in Kurume, and the other Camellia Society members visited famous was an unidentified variety of sing[e-flower camellia sites in Germany. Our tour included form. At that time, Mikio and [ were asked to the Japanese garden of one of the world's identify the two varieties from photos. largest chemical and pharmaceutical In Mikio's judgment at that time, the companies, Bayer, in Leverkusen near beautiful red-blotched-white, semi-double Cologne. For several years, Mikio Akashi, a was, without a doubt, 'Masayoshi', and the friend and nurseryman from Kurume, and [ single, also red-blotched-white. seemed to be had "homework" imposed on us in connection a form of 'Shokk6'. with a camellia growing in this garden, and we The problem was that' Masayoshi' was not thought the problem should be solved by all known for mutating. Therefore, Mikio means on the occasion of our visit. reasoned that the two varieties could have been [n the International Camellia Journal of planted together, or that one variety could have 2000, ICS Vice President Pat Short wrote about been grafted onto the other in such a way that her visit to the garden and referred to a strange both varieties flowered on the single rootstock. camellia with two flower forms on the same Pat wrote in the Journal article that it was tree. One was seemingly 'Masayoshi' assumed the two varieties had been planted ('Donckelaeri'), the famous variegated semi- together.

Mikio Akashi stands ready to investigate the camellia with two flower forms in Bayer Garden al Leverkllsen. 23

Trunks of 'Shokko surround the single trunk of 'Masayoshi', but yet have to strangle it.

As soon we arrived at the garden, we The base of the tree was very compl icated combed its paths and found the target almost at ground level. It was a so-called "kabu-dachi" at the center of the grounds. Fortunately, the (a multi-trunk tree) type, composed of eight tree was at its best, showing the two beautiful trunks in all. We found that the 'Masayoshi' flower patterns with 90% of the blooms single­ flowers belonged to only one of them and that form flowers and the remaining 10% of all other trunks had 'Shokk6' flowers. On 'Masayoshi' flowers. Mikio and Shunsuke closer examination, the joint of the J-1isatomi, another nurseryman from Kurume, 'Masayoshi' trunk had a clear border around agreed that the single-flower vuriety might be it, although it was hugged (iglllly by the a Form of 'Shokko', being very similar to 'Shokko' root system, Thus, .Masayoshi' was 'Kurume Shokko', still independent, not yet united with 'Shokk6'.

'Masayoshi' . ·Shokko'. 24

The two varieties must ha~e been planted· question was finally settled, and we were able together in the beginning, and the 'Shokk6' to complete our camellia tour in high spirits. tree was the more vigorous grower, eventually We would like to express our gratitude to the binding up the 'Masayoshi' tree. Why on earth German Camellia Society and our German were they planted together? We imagine that .camellia friends for their superb hospitality the gardeners may have taken such a measure throughout our stay. to raise the survival rate of the planting in the rather harsh weather conditions at Leverkusen, Shigeo Matsumoto is a director of the or that they wanted to get a thicker camellia Japan andotherAsian regions. He has recently bush at an early stage. In fact, we saw such translated J. Robert Sealy's "A Revision of plurally planted camellia bushes at otherplaces the Genus Camellia" into Japanese (see article in the garden. below) and has contributed numerous articles We were happy that the long-pending to the Journal over the years.

TRANSLATING SEALY'S "A REVISION OF THE GENUS CAlVIELLIA" INTO JAPANESE Shigeo Matsumoto IDi*U;t~a9 (tlt~.~~iTlE» -~B••i'fpjGS)(1\1i TRADUCTION EN JAPONAIS DE "A REVISION OF THE GENUS CAMELLIA" (REVISION DU GENRE CAMELLIA) DE SEALY UBERSETZUNG VON SEALYS ,EINE UBERARBEITUNG DER KAMELIENGATTUNG' INS JAPANISCHE -/- V-5f r~ /~::t-~O)qf(UJ ~foiRTQ When the Japan Camellia Society planned been found in China and Vietnam, and to reprintJ. Robert Sealy's "A Revision of the researchers, such as Chang Hungta and Ming Genus Camellia" in Japanese to celebrate the Tianlu, have published newer camellia species 50th anniversary of the founding of the JCS, I classification systems. But it was my silly was appointed to translate the book from misunderstanding. According to Dr. Hakoda, English. Being an amateur in both biology and Sealy's work is not a thing of the past, but is language, I was fortunate to have Dr. Naotoshi becoming more important as more new species Hakoda, a camellia expert and professor at the are found. Tokyo University of Agriculture and All the species collected until about 1950 Technology, supervise my work. I learned a were precisely analyzed in Sealy's book, lot and will be very happy if Japanese readers published by the Royal Horticultural Society are able to get the essence of Sealy's great book (London) in 1958. And no work of camellia through my translation. taxonomy has been published since with such Before I started the translation, I knew that an extensive analysis of so many specimens. Sealy's book was once treated as the bible of Newer studies have, for the most part, been ,. camellia taxonomy, but I thought that it was a based on the criteria of Sealy's book. '. monumental achievement of a past era. In It was difficult for me to understand the recent years, many new camellia species have text at first. In fact, it took a whole day to 25 translate one page in the early stages. I had to first discovered at the end of 1880s by Jean­ confront many unfamiliar scientific terms ­ Baptiste"LouisPierre, a French botanist. Itwas words mostly of Latin origin. Alas! I had no interesting to see that Sealy established an knowledge of Latin at all. If I had, I might independent section, Section Piquetia,just for have been able to reason by analogy, just as that species. Since it bears unique, purplish we Japanese can understand some flowers, it is hoped that it will be a resource of combinations of Chinese characters, even originating camellia varieties with purple when seeing them for the first time. I had to flowers. make a list of the technical terms unknown to Until I read Sealy, I also had a foolish me and obtain explanations from Dr. Hakoda. notion that C.flava and C.amplexicaulis must There were many interesting surprises. For have been found just recently. But, Sealy example, I learned that the existence and recorded that those species had been condition of hair in the plant organs are the discovered in Vietnam in 1910 by the French most important factors in the classification of botanist Joseph Pitard. Why were they virtually camellias. There were as many as 15 adjectives unknown by the public for nearly a century? in the book expressing "hairiness", including Did the subsequent wars in Europe and the Far ciliate, ciliorate, glabrous, hirsute, hirtellous, East hinder the spreading of knowledge and puberous and pubescent. propagation ofthose wonderful species? There I had wondered why the flowers of some is no question that the conflicts in China camellias blooms upward and others bloom prevented C.nitidisima, collected in 1933, from downward. The book classifies two types of being recorded in detail by Sealy in 1958. Fruit camelliaflower bearing: one is the perulate, of and leaves were described, but there was no which C.japonica and C. reticulata are mention of its yellow flower. Ironically, some representative; the other is the bracteorate, of 20 years after Sealy's brief notations, which C.sinensis and C.chrysantha are C.nitidisima (as C.chrysantha) became the representative. The flowers ofthe perulate type sensational, sought-after yellow camellia, have virtually no visible pedicels and bloom while C.flava, the first yellow discovered, upward, protected with perulates directly on remained forgotten. branch terminals or in leafaxils. The flowers The illustration for C.flava is one of the ofbracteorate type have pedicels that are more few drawings in Sealy's book by Stella Ross­ or less obvious, and they tend to bend Craig. She also did the frontispiece in color. I downward due to the gravitational pull. I learned from Sealy's preface that Miss Ross­ imagine that bracteorate plants have evolved Craig oversaw the production of the in this way so that there is a greater probability illustrations. I also learned in the preface that of pollination even under rainy conditions. Miss Ross-Craig was Sealy's wife. Itwas only During the translation work, one of my later that I learned more about this couple who myths went up in smoke. I had believed a rumor contributed so much to our understanding of that C.lutchuensis was found and propagated camellias (see p.26). by US servicemen stationed in Okinawa after The preliminary translation was finished World War II. But Sealy refers to it as first and submitted to Dr. Hakodafor proofreading. reported by two Japanese scientists at Tokyo Several weeks later the draft was returned. Imperial University as early as in 1900. Corrections in red ink were everywhere! This In the 2003 ICS Journal there is an article procedure was repeated many times. Thanks about the rediscovery of C.piquetiana in to his unstinting help, the translation was finally Vietnam by an Australian researchers from the completed. University of Western Sydney. The plant was In conclusion the Japan Camellias Society 26 wish to express its thanks to SirRichard Carew Shigeo Matsumoto is a director of the Pole, president of the Royal Horticultural Japan and other Asian regions. He has Society and a memberoftheICS, and the many contributed numerous articles to the Journal others who made possible the reprinting of over the years, including the one on Sealy's masterpiece in Japanese. 'Masayoshi' on p. 22.

THE CREATORS OF "A REVISION OF THE GENUS CAMELLIA" Herb Short «w~H.II;fiitP./iTif» - -tHJ~ ~~ fF:# LES CREATEURS DE "A REVISION OF THE GENUS CAMELLIA" (REVISION DU GENRE CAMELLIA) DIE AUTOREN DER AUSGABE ,EINE UBERARBEITUNG DER KAMELIENGATTUNG' ry /-{::\- ~ 0) ~UJ O)ilIH'F*~ J. Robert Sealy, died on 1 August 2000, a degree in botany at Chelsea College, London, few days before his 93rd birthday, in a nursing which he attended at the same time as Stella home in the London suburb of Twickenham. Ross-Craig, who became his wife. She also This is only a short distance from the Royal was employed at Kew as abotanical illustrator, Botanical Gardens, Kew, where he was and he acknowledged his indebtedness to her employed for more than 40 years and did most as "confidante and counsellor throughout the of the work on his "A Revision of the Genus whole progress of work" on the genus Camellia", published in 1958. Although it is Camellia. Although the frontispiece (a now out of date because of the many new watercolour of C.saluenensis) and a drawing camellia species that have been discovered of C.granthamiana are her only illustrations since China and Vietnam have become more in the book, she "closely superintended the accessible, it is still the criterion by which all drawing of the black-and-white figures from camellia classification studies are measured. the pencil sketches which I made during the Sealy, who was called Bob by all who knew study of the plants," Sealy said in the preface -, him, began work at Kew when he was about to the book. 18 years old. His father, after leaving the army In 1957, Sealy was elected an Honorary at the end of World War I, had become a Fellow of the American Camellia Society in policeman, and later, the superintendent of recognition of his contribution t6 the "cause police at the Kew grounds, so Bob had a very of the Camellia". He also was awarded the early association with the gardens. Hewas first Royal Horticultural Society's Veitch Memorial assigned to the Tropical Houses, then in 1927, Medal in Silver for his "Revision of the Genus was transferred to the Herbarium to work on Camellia". the Botanical Magazine. By 1940, he had He produced many other publications on officially become an Assistant Botanist. specific genera, including Arbutus, Hip­ During his early days at Kew, he also peastrum, Hymenocallis and Sarcococca. He studied for his Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) was a majorcontributor to the 8th Revised Edi­ 27

J. Roben Sealy Stella Ross-Craig tion of W.J. Bean's "Trees and Shrubs in the combined with a deep chuckle. Work would British Isles", and published papers on seldom begin in the morning before extended Roxbmgh's drawings of Indian plants. get-togethers with other members of the staff. He was deeply involved in the 1966 RHS In later life he was cared for by his wife ColomChart, which was the first to use graded through many years of illness, believed to be card strips assembled in a set offans. And from Alzheimer's disease. 1934 until his retirement he produced many Ross-Craig received the Kew Medal and texts that accompanied the plates of Curtis' the Royal Horticultural Society's Gold Veitch Botanical Magazine, which became Kew's Memorial Medal in 2002. There are some Botanical Magazine, frequently collaborating 3,000 of her drawings and paintings in Kew with his wife. She produced a total of333 plates collections. These include those she did for for the magazine. Volume l82 (1978-1980) "Drawings of British Plants", a project she was dedicated to the husband and wife team. initiated in 1948 and took until 1978 to [n 1959, Sealy headed a new section in the complete, and 400 illustrations for "Hooker's Kew Herbarium for the naming and taxonomy leones Plantanum". She is now 98 years old of plants cultivated in the British Isles. He was and is in a nursing home near Kew. promoted to Principal Scientific Officer in 1966 and retired at the end of 1967, although he continued to work in the Herbarium for We are indebted /0 the staff of the Kelt' several years. Library and Archives, particularly Marilyn His colleagues recall that Sealy was Ward. Much ofthe abuve marerial isfronl 1111 kindhearted and generous, although he gave article by Martin 1.5. Sands in fhe 2000Journal the initial impression of being severe, and he ofthe KewGuild, Vol. 13. No. 105. Thepho/Os could be very assertive, even aggressive, in are reproduced with the kind permission of discussions. But he would invariably relax into the Director and the Board ofTrustees ofthe good humour and a broad smile, often Royal Botanic Gardells, Kew. 28

Washington Park Arboretum features large camellia' in a woodland selling. A TREASURE OF VINTAGE CAMELLIAS IN WASHINGTON PARK ARBORETUM Greg Davis

$1f&~~*lmfflm~*1t~~ UN TRESOR DE CAMELIAS MILLESIMES DANS L'ARBORETUM 011 PARC DE WASHINGTON EIN KOSTBARER SCHATZ EDLER KAMELIEN 1M WASHINGTON PARK ARBORETUM ?~/~/~~**~~~m.~£~ In late March, my wife and I spent a week to the DNA library of varieties. in Seattle, Washington. in the Pacific For instance, one of the camellias in the Northwest of the USA. While Rosamay collection is 'Auburn White'. The original attended an Oriental rug convention, I roamed plant was in a garden near Auburn, the city and, in the Washington Park Washington. and was believed to have been Arboretum, discovered acamellia researcher's imported from Japan about 1900. However. dream: a collection of more than 400 vintage the Southern California Camellia Society's camellias that reflects varieties popular on the 1956 Camellia Nomenclafure says that West Coast in the 1940s and 1950s. 'Auburn White' is reported to be the same as Many of the camellias are no longer in 'Mrs. Bertha A. Harms', originated by H.H. active commerce, but they have proven garden­ Harms in Portland, Oregon, in 1949. DNA worthy by their longevity in the park. Provided analysis could settle the matter. our DNA identification projects materialize, Although 'Mrs. Bertha A. Harms' is not in thiscollection could make a major contribution the arboretum's collection, camellias that 29 originated in the Pacific Northwest are well represented. 'Lily Pons' is probably the best known internationally. The single to semidouble white with long, narrow, delicate petals that weather well, was introduced in 1955 by Oregon hybridizer Barney Goletto. It was named for the French-born opera soprano who sang at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York from 1931 to 1961. Goletto's other camellias in the arboretum are 'Alba Queen', 'Monte Carlo', 'Monte Carlo Supreme', 'President Lincoln', and the fragrant 'Sweet Bonair'. There are Portland Camellia Nursery's 'Peggy Hopkins Joyce' and. among the hybrids, seedlings of Don Stryker. another .Auburn White' is reported 10 be the same as Oregon hybridizer. 'lVtrs. Bertha A. Harms'. Then there is the mysterious 'Behaw', collection, which is located beneath Douglas acquired in 1945 and apparently unknown fi rs and western red cedars ina gent Iy slopi ng beyond the arboretum. area of the park. Early records show that 27R Only 1I camellias in the collection were camellias were in the first camellia planting in registered as new varieties after 1960 and there 1945. These camellias were varieties that had are rarities among them. 'Ack-Scent Sno', been tried and proven successful in the Seattle 'Ack-Scent Star' and 'Ack-Scent White' are area. The second camellia planting was in 1948 C./ulchuensis hybrids with sweet fragrance when another 200 camellias were added. developed by Dr. William L. Ackerman in Disaster struck in November 1955 when a /981. Bill, who lives in Ashton. Maryland, says major cold front. with 100-year-low he is pleased to know that these plants are sti II temperatures. hit the Seattle area. The in the collection and that to his knowledge, the temperature dropped from 5 IF ( IO.6C) to [SF 'Ack-Scent Sno' and the' Ack-Scent Star' are the only plants of these varieties in existence. 'Daisy Eagleson' is another surprise in the collection. The late Tom Eagleson, who lived in Port Arthur. Texas, registered this variety in 1961. It is a rare "graft chimera" which has epidermal tissue from c.sasanqua 'Maiden's Blush'and the internal tissue from a C.japonica seedling. Most 'Daisy Eagleson' plants will have 'Maiden's Blush' and 'Daisy Eagleson' blooms at the same time. The US Department of Agriculture's Plant Introduction Station at Glen Dale, Maryland, distributed this unusual variety in 1971. In fact. Bill Ackerman, who was working as a researcher at the station, was involved. 'Lily Pons' was inlroduccd by Oregon hybridizer In all, there are 416 camellias in the Barney Goletlo. 30

.(-9.4C) in two daysahdhitalow of6F (-14.4C). plants are all large and clamoring for space. The temperature remained below freezing for Moreover, there are no signs of dieback, tea­ six days. More than 300 camellia plants were scale, or petal blight. In late March, when I killed by the cold and removed from the garden. visited, most were in full bloom. Hindsight indicates that many of the freeze­ In addition, the plants are well"labeled and injured plants were prematurely removed and good records have been maintained during the destroyed. The arboretum managers now 60-year life of the collection. These records believe that many of these camellias would are reflected in the attached tables that list all haverecovered on their own ifmerely cut back camellia varieties and species found in the and left in the ground. They note that the freeze Washington Park Arboretum. Also shown are occurred in November, probably before the the acquisition dates. The total listed do not plants were fully dormant. Low temperatures add up to the 441 camellias located in the Park. are normally much more damaging in More than 20 C.japonicas have no variety November than these same low temperatures name and are listed only as "japonicas"; many would be in February or March. sasanquas have no varietal name; and many The University of California, Berkeley, varieties have multiple plantings. donated 71 mature plants to help in the recovery. The arboretum also ordered a ABOUT THE ARBORETUM collection of williamsii hybrids from England because of their reputed winter hardiness. The 230-acre Washington ParkArboretum [Editor's note: The case for the winter was established in 1934 and today is a joint hardiness of C. x williamsii hybrids was often operation of the City of Seattle and the misunderstood in the 1940s and 1950s. The University of Washington. The University's cross between C.saluenensis, a free-flowering College ofForest Resources, Centerfor Urban but not particularly hardy species, and Horticulture, administers the plant collections C.japonica, a relatively cold-hardy but not and public education programs. The famed always free-flowering species in northern Olmstead Brothers of Brookline, climates where daylight is not intense, Massachusetts, developed the master plan. produced hybrids that flower more freely than Their father, Frederick Law Olmstead, and a many japonicas in cold, northern climates. C. colleague, CalvertVaux, designed Central Park x williamsii hybrids are seldom more cold in New York City. Olmstead also designed the hardy than most C.japonica varieties, they just campus of the University of California, tend to flower better.] Berkeley. The last major change in the camellia There are more than 5,500 different kinds garden occurred in 1981 when a grant from of plants growing in the arboretum. The the Arboretum Foundation enabled a major temperature climate in the Pacific Northwest pruning and reshaping of the camellia -at47 39 Nbut protected by Puget Sound and plantings. A number of early blooming the Cascade Mountains - supports a wider magnolias also were added. variety of plants than can be grown in almost Today the entire camellia collection any othernon-tropical areaofthe United States. reflects the excellent growing conditions· of The arboretum contains more than 10,000 the arboretum. It appears that conditions in individual plants arranged in specific, the Pacific Northwest are very much like those documented collections. It is the largest public in New Zealand, where, as nurseryman Julius garden in the Northwest. Prominentcollections Nuccio once said, "Go to New Zealand, dig a include conifers, oaks, hollies, rhododendrons, hole, put the plant in and stand back." The mountain ashes, maples, firs, magnolias, witch 31 hazels, and cherries, as well as camellias. reflect the high interest in rhododendrons. An exquisite Japanese Garden anchors the There are more than 700 different woodland park on one end. The noted Japanese rhododendron varieties in the arboretum. designer, Mr. Juki lida, designed the garden in Interest in rhododendron hybridiration dates the 16th-century Monoyama style. The park back to 1940 when seeds were sent from then meanders through a woodland valley for England in an effort to save breeding stock more than a mile to the lagoons and bays of from bombing raids during World War II. Lake Washington. A local nurseryman, Halfdan Lem. started The Azalea Way, which transverses most the hybridization work and this has led to the of the arboretum, was once a logging road, hybridization and naming of hundreds of new and then a horse-racing track. It is now an rhododendrons from this area. There are three internationally acclaimed "Cherry Walk". rhododendron collections in the arboretum. Without a doubt, the Pacific Northwest is They are grouped by date of origin into Early rhododendron country. This region is (1940-1960), Middle Era (1970-1980). and considered the best location in the US for Contemporary (1990 onwards) time periods. growing them. lA. Witt, a former Curator of Bryan Taulbee. Communications Manager Plant Collections at the arboretum, stated in for the Arboretum Foundation/Washington his 1983 American Camellia Society Yearbook Park Arboretum. was most helpful in article on the Washington Park Camellias, "that answering my many questions and supplying every garden in Seattle had one of more the historic records for the camellia collection. rhododendrons while perhaps only one in five had a camellia". Greg Davis is International Camellia Socielv The brochures and maps of the arboretum PresidenJ.

'Lady Vansittart' and its span 'Yours Truly' on the same bush. 32 Camellias of the Washington Park Arboretum (Year acquired in parentheses)

Japonicas Donckelaeri Fulgens (1955) Adolphe Audusson (1954) Drama Girl (1958) Akashigata (1948) Duc de Bretagne (1956) Akebono (1939) Duchess of Sutherland (1956) Alaska (1956) Ecstacy (1941) Alba Plena (1940) Elegans (1940) Alba Queen (1953) Elizabeth Le Bey (1955) Alba Simplex (1954) Elizabeth Westergard (1956) Alba Superba (1940) Eugene Lizt: (1956) Amabilis (1956) Eureka Variegated (1944) Anemoniflora (1940) Finlandia (1942) Apollo (Pauls) (1954 Finlandia Red (1953) Arajishi (1956) Fred Sander (1941) Arrabella (1956) Frost Queen (1971) Aspasia (1956) Gallant Array (1960) Aspasia Macarthur (1945) General George Patton (1957) Auburn White (1957) General Washington (1956) Barbara Morgan (1974) Gigantea (1956) Behaw (1945) Goshoguruma (1956) Bella Romana Red (1941) Grandiflora Rosea (1940) Bella Judita (1941) Greensboro Red (1961) Berenice Boddy (1949) Guest of Honor (1960) Biho (1956) Guilio Nuccio (1958) Blush Amabilis (1958) H.A. Downing (1956) Bride's Bouquet (1954) Hagoromo (1971) C.M. Wilson (1951) HakuchO (1941) Caleb Cope (1956) Helen Buzard (1956) Campbell Ashley (1956) High Hat (1951) Caprice (1957) Hikarugenji (1956) Casilda (1956) Hill (1961) Cheerful (1956) Hinomaru (1997) Clark Thomas Seedling (1956) Imura (1940) Comte de Gomer (1940) Jarvis Red (1956) Concordia (1941) Jessica Variegated (1956) Coronation (1961) Jessie Katz (1954) Daikagura (1944) Jupiter (Paul)1948) Daisy Eagleson (1974) Kagariba (1956) (C.japonica x c.sasanqua graft chimera) Kanyotia (1941) Dewatairin (1942) Kishu-tsukasa (1941) Dobreei (1955) Kominato (1962) Dona Jane Andresen (1962) Konronkoku (1941) Donckelaeri (1940) Kurai-no-himo (1941) 33

Lady Campbell (1956) Professore Filippo Parlatore (1956) . Lady Clare (Akashigata) (1956) Purity (1941) Lady Vansittart (1952) Queen Bessie (1957) Lady Vansittart Pink (1956) R.L. Wheeler (1960) L'Avvenire (1942) Red Cardinal (1955) Le Lys (1995) Regina dei Giganti (1957) Letitia Schrader (1952) Reverend John G. Drayton (1956) Leucantha (1942) Rising Sun (Overlook) (1956) Liliflora (1956) Roi Leopold (1940) Lily Pons (1958) Rosea Superba (1953) Lurie's Favorite (1955) San Jacinto (1958) Madame Martin Cachet (19710 Sarah Frost (1956) Maman Cochet (1956) Seihi (Daikagura)(1962) Mandarin (1956) Semi-double Blush (1945) Margaret Davis (1983) Shinshioko (Shunshoko) (1958) Margherita Coleoni Variegated (1956) Shiro Chan (1957) Marion Mitchell (1956) Showa-no-hikari (1973) Marjorie Magnificent (1954) Silver Anniversary (1961) Martha Brice (1956) Snowball (1942) Masquerade (1954) Snowdrift (1942) Masterpiece (1955) Sodekakushi (1956) Mathotiana Supreme (1958) Sol de Oro (1957) Mena Ladnier (1956) Somegawa (Somekawa)(1956) .Mermaid (1998) Spring Sonnet (1956) Miss Frankie (1957) Suibijin (1955) Ms Willimott's Variety (1957) Sweet Bonair (1953) Monjusu Red (1942) Sylvia (1954) Monte Carlo (1954) Takayama (1955) Monte Carlo Supreme (1955) Tallahassee Girl (1956) Mrs. Carl Anderson (1956) Tina Gilliard (1956) Mrs. Lyman Clarke (1956) Takayama (1941) Nagasaki (1940) Tricolor Red (1941) Nina Avery (1956) Uncle Sam (1956) Nobilissima (1942) Ville de Nantes (1953) Oridono-nishiki (1957) Warrior (1956) Panache (1957) White Princess (1956) Pauline Winchester (1960) Wilder's Rose (1956) . Peggy Hopkins Joyce (1956) Wildwood (1960) Peter Pan (1957) William's White (No date) Pink Perfection (Otome) (1940) Wilmetta (Willmeta) (1954) Pink Star (1942) Yoheihaku (1956) Prelude (1960) Yukibotan (1952) President Lincoln (1957) Reticulatas Prince Eugene Napoleon (1942) Simplex (1954) Princeza Real (1962) Professor Charles S. Sargent (1956) 34

Reticulata Hybrids Sasanquas Dream Castle (1976) Apple Blossom (Coolidge) (1956) Howard Asper (1976) Bettye Jo (1957) (hiemalis) Innovation (1968) Briar Rose (1963) Inspiration (1966) Cleopatra (Cleopatra's Blush) (1976) Leonard Messel (1966) Crimson King (1954) Salutation (1954) Ginrei (1973) Valley Knudsen (1976) (Ginrei is a C.japonica. Arboretum records refer to 1789 Japanese origin Williamsii Hybrids which is Ginryu, a C. x vernalis) Beni-tsubake (1968) Hanajiman (1954) Bow Bells (1948) Hinode-gumo (1963) I Brigadoon (1962 Kokinran (1941) Caerhays (1966) (C. x vernalis. There are also two Chimes (1954) japonicas with this same name.) Citation (1962) Mine-no-yuki (1940) Donation (1955) (There are also two japonicas, one Higo, Elsie Jury (1968) and one C.rusticana with this same Golden Spangles (1978) name.) Hiraethlyn (1954) Mon-nishiki (1941) J.C. Williams (1948) (There is also one japonica, believed Mary Christian (1959) extinct with this same name.) November Pink (1967) Obaya (1941) Stryker 50-2-1 (1954) Setsugekka (1954) Stryker 50-1-3 (1954) Shishi Fukujin (Shichifukjin) (1941) (Both Strykers are are probably Tago-no-tsuki (1941) williamsii. Stryker's Caty, no longer Texas Star (1963) listed was a williamsii) Waltz Time (1962) Wabisuki Hybrids Shiro-wabisuki (No date) Other Hybrids Wabisuke (1940) Ack-Scent Sno (1984) (Iutchuensis) Ack-Scent-Star (1984) (Iutchuensis) Pitardii Ack-Scent White (1984) (lutchuensis) Apple Blossom (1941) Cornish Snow (1952) (Arboretum lists 1932 US origin. This (cuspidata x saluenensis) indicates the camellia is actually Showa­ EI Dorado (1968) (pitardii xjaponica) wabisuke.) First Blush (First Flush) (1948) C.pitardii var. yunnanica (1952) (cuspidata x saluenensis) Saluenensis (There is a First Blush hybrid, but it was Rose Bowl (1954) originated in the 1990s. First Flush originated in England before 1948.) Other Species Lammertsii (1952) Gaponica x cuspidata) C.oleifera (1970) Spring Festival (1976) C.japonica ssp. C.rusticana (1955) (cuspidata seedling) C.sinensis (1940) 35 LEGACY OF A PLANT HUNTER

Herb Short

-{iLts.~~~1t(J(J~f' LEGS D'UN CHASSEUR DE PLANTES DAS ERBE EINES PFLANZENJUGERS ~Q7"7/' t- • /'\/'?'-O)Jlim

The year 2004 marked the 100th Will iams ofCaerhays Cast Ie in Cornwall. who anniversary of George Forrest's first hunt in financed Forrest's third and later expeditions. the mountains of Yunnan in southwestern In "A Plantsman's Guide to Camellias" the China for new plants for British gardens. It late David Trehaneexplained: "J.e. Williams was the first ofseven expeditions over a period was a man ofenormous energy and prescience, of 28 years that resulted in the collection of gardening on a great scale in a climate which 31,000 herbarium specimens and thousands then enabled camellias to seed freely. When of seeds, including many consignments of a C.sa/uenensis flowered he crossed it with number of camellia species. C.japoniea and pinnted the hillside west of the Hiscamellia collecting, particularly during castle with the seedlings."The earliest crosses the period 1913-1931, resulted in a new phase included 'J.e. Williams', 'Mary Christian', 'S!. of cultivation, that J. Robert Sealy, in "A Ewe' and 'November Pink'; laterintrodllctions Revision of the Genus Camellia", called included 'Mary Jobson', 'Mary Larcom', "comparable in importance with that which followed the establishment of Camellia japonica" in the early 1800s. Fon'est sent back to England seeds of the wild form of C.re/ieu/ala, collected in 1913­ 1914, and in 1924 and 1925, in the hills around Tengchong (Tengylleh) and on Ihe Shweli­ Salween divide. Previously, only two garden varieties ofreticulata had been seen in the West: 'Captain Rawes', taken from China to England by Captain Richard Rawes in 1820, and by John Damper Parks in 1824; and'Songzilin', taken from China to England about 1838, reportedly by Robert Fortune. From the same Tengchong-Shweli­ Salween area, Forrest also sent back to England seeds of C.sa/uenensis, a newly discovered species, collected in 1917-1919. 1924 and 1925. The use ofC.sa/uenell.l'is in hybridizations with C.japoniea resulted in the C. x williamsii George Forrest with his !.logs al the Tengchong hybrids, which have about the same hardiness gate. Reproduced with the kind permission of the as japonicas but are more free-flowering in Director and the Boar!.l of Trustees of the Royal northern climates. They were named for J.e. Botanic Gardens. Kew. 36

Muskoka' and New Zealand entries such as but a few others were a different species. Stapf 'Ballet Queen', 'Jury's Yellow' and 'Mary died before he had an opportunity to examine Phoebe Taylor' . additional plant material and it fell to his 'Donation', probably the most famous assistant Sealy to decide this last species was williamsii, is a C.saluenensis cross with actually a variety of C.pitardii rather than a C.japonica 'Donckelaeri' made by Col. distinct new species. Sealy named it C.pitardii Stephenson Clarke of Borde Hill in Sussex. var. yunnanica. Clarke also crossed C. reticulata 'Captain Forrest also sent C. tsaii back to England in Rawes' with C.saluenensis to create the form of seeds collected in 1917-1919 and 'Salutation', as well as considerable 1924. He collected the seeds of this species in controversy. At that time, 'Captain Rawes' the Shweli valley, the hills between the was believed to be infertile. A number of Tengchong and Shweli valleys, and the Shweli­ experts, including Sealy, suggested that a Salween divide. The species does well in mistake had been made and that 'Salutation' England as a cool greenhouse plant. was actually a C.saluenensis x C.japonica He found C.taliensis on the western flank cross. However, a chromosome count finally of the Tali Range near Dali. David Trehane established that 'Captain Rawes' was a parent. said of it: "Introduced by Forrest in 1914 and Then there were crosses between the wild planted in the great Cornish gardens where the form of C. reticulata and C.saluenensis. single white flowers and round white buds Probably the best was 'Inspiration', which stand out against the dark foliage in winter." came from Exbury. It and the C. x williamsii Seeds of C.sinensis were send back to 'Mary Jobson', mentioned above, are still England in 1924 and 1925. Forrest collected making news as the parents of 'Cotes them many times on the ShwelicSalween divide d'Armor', recently baptised as the symbol for and the hills northwest ofTengchong atheights the 2005 Camellia Festival in Guingamp, of 7,000-9,000 ft (2,100-2750 m). He said Brittany (see p. 18). emphatically that these seeds were from wild All of the C.reticulata and c.saluenensis plants, which helped to end skepticism about ~, seeds· collected by Forrest were originally wild tea in China. Augustine Henry regarded named Thea speciosa or Camellia speciosa two batches of seed he collected years earlier and a great number ofplants were raised under in high mountains in southern Yunnan as wild those names in England, particularly at tea. Tea plants had frequently been reported Caerhays and Trewithen. When they first by others as growing as a part of the natural came into flower in 1932, most were clearly flora in China, but skeptics had argued that of two species. Dr. Otto Stapf, Keeper of the these were the remains of abandoned gardens Herbarium and Library of the Royal Botanic or escapers from cultivation. Gardens, Kew, who was a taxonomic botanist, Forrest would not have lived to send recognized that one was the single-flowered anything back if Tibetan lamas had had their wild form of C.reticulata. Stapfrecognized way. FotTest, who worked in the Herbarium of the other as a new species, which he called the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, C.saluenensis. This solved the Theaspeciosa Scotland, was recommended to Arthur Bulley, nomenclature problem, as that name had a Liverpool cotton broker, for plant collecting already been used for an entirely different in China. Bulley had started Bees Ltd. nursery, plant in 1900. now Ness Botanic Gardens, and sent Forrest The remaining plants thatflowered in 1932 on his first expedition to Yunnan. did notfit either C.reticulata or C.saluenensis. Forrest met the British Consul, George Stapf determined that some were C.pitardii, Litton, in Tengchong and they set off together 37 to explore the mountains in northwestern. themselves the Syndicate of Gentlemen, as Yunnan. They reached the west bank of the well as J.C. Williams. LancangJiang (Mekong River), where French In 1920, Forrest received the Victoria priests at the Roman Catholic mission at Chigu Medal of Honour, the highest award of the showed them plants from the mountains RHS. His life ended abruptly, probably of a beyond. Forrest made his way back to Chigu heart attack, while he was hunting game in the following spring, but had to flee an uprising Yunnan in 1932. He was buried near his friend of the Tibetan lamas who murdered Chinese Litton, near the wild reticulatas outside solders, native Christians and the French Tengchong. priests, and burned the Chigu mission. Forrest was pursued for nine days and lost all of his References possessions and plant specimens, but managed Hume, H. Harold. 1951. "Camellias Kinds to get to the safety of Dali. and Culture". MacMillan. He lost his friend Litton to blackwater fever McLean, Brenda. 2004. "George Forrest: that winter, but he refused to give up and began Plant Hunter". Antique Collectors' Club. collecting again the next season. Among his Savige, ThomasJ.1993. "TheInternational finds were the yellow Primula jorrestii, the Camellia Register". International Camellia yellow-orange Primula bulleyana and the blue Society. and redPrimula littoniana (renamed P. vialii). Sealy, J. Robert. 1958. "A Revision of the Forrest was so successful that Bulley Genus Camellia". Royal Horticultural Society. financed a second expedition, during which Trehane, David. 1990. "A Plantsman's he found Rhododendron impeditum and Guide to Camellias". Ward Lock. R.lacteum. On the third expedition of 1912-1915, Editor's Note: C.forrestii, the species sponsored by J.C. Williams, he found named for him by Friedrich Diels, is not afactor R.sinogrande, with its' huge leaves, and also in hybridization or cultivation. Forrest began collecting camellia seeds. He recruited discovereditin south central Yunnan and made the Nakhi people from Yulongxue Shan only one collection of its seeds. The species is Village, near Lijiang, to do his collecting and highly variable, with small white, sweet­ as a result was able to cover a much wider scented flowers, and is at its best where found area. in thickets and forests on mountain slopes. Funding for later expeditions came from For Forrest's country in Chinaas it is today, Reginald Cory, ownerofDyffryn, a large estate see the following article by Mirella Gloria and near Cardiff in Wales, the Royal Horticultural Gianmario Motta. Society, and a group sponsors who called 38 ON THE CAMELLIA ROAD IN YUNNAN Mirella Gloria and Gianmario Motta ~'Wi:;iHt:zfj SUR LA ROUTE DU CAMELIS AU YUNNAN UNTERWEGS AUF DER KEMELIENSTRASSE IN YUNNAN ~mO)tJ;< Y 7 . 0- F~;:~v\'"C

[Editor's note: In 1904, George Forrest set south as posssible in search of other wild offfrom England on a plant hunting expedition camellias. The trip was planned with Z. Wang to China (see p 35). He met the British Consul, of the Kunming Institute of Botany, who was George Litton, in Tengchong and they our escort interpreter on both trips. journeyed into the mountains in northwest Because of other commitments, we had to Yunnan. In the years that followed, Forrest schedule our trip for 25 January to 10 February sent backthe seeds ofmany plants, including -likely the coldest time in Yunnan. We were the first wild form of C. reticulata and the new about 20 days early for camellias growing at species C.saluenensis from the hills around the average altitudes of Tengchong, Baoshan, Tengchong and on the Shweli-Salween divide Chuxiong and Kunming, and almost too late to the northeast. One hundred years later, for the lowest valleys around Fengquing. Gianmario and Mirella Gloria Motta have visited the area and report their findings.] Lijiang We began our visit in Lijiang in northwest Yunnan is a paradise for camellia Yunnan, the legendary city "beyond the enthusiasts and is also now an easy trip. New clouds", in a valley 2,400 m (7,900 ft) above hotels are opening in most cities and sea level dominated by Yulongxue Shan (Jade accommodation is easy. Roads are much better Snow Mountain) almost 6,000-m (20,000-ft) than they were 10 years ago. Driving to high. Much of the old town was destroyed by 1 Tengchong is a comfortable ride on a brand earthquake in early Februaryl996, just two new motorway. Only the rough road out to days before a group of ICS members were to Hongmushu to the camellia forest near visit following an international symposium on Tengchong is a reminder of the past. C. reticulata at the Kunming Institute ofBotany The worrying deforestation that wastaking (1996 Journal, p. 20-25). The town has been place along with the overwhelming rebuilt with its small, traditional houses along development seems to have stopped and the mountain streams that cross the city and is hundreds. of square kilometers of forest with now a UNESCO Heritage Site. Walking in the camellias and other members of the Theaceae old town, with restaurants with small tlowers family arethere to be observed. There is also of C.pitardii on the tables, gave us the tlavour the chance to see hundreds of varieties, as well of old cities back home in Italy. as some wild species, in gardens and parks. With an alpine-like climate, there are rho­ We were in Yunnan in August 2003 and in dodendrons in May and June, and orchids in Hongmushu we found a huge, 24-m (80-ft) July and August. But in January, there is snow. tall schima and saw kilometers of schima, In an almost Tibetan landscape, we climbed to gordonia and stewartia in full bloom. We a spot, called SpruceMeadow, at 3,100 m above decided to come back to Tengchong at the time sealevel and walked in a forest ofgigantic tsuga. C. reticulata was in blossom and also go as far It was -7C (l9F) and it was snowing. 39

The MOllas' mute in Yunnan shown with arrows.

Ten Thousand Flower Comellia a\ Yufeng Temple was no\ in bloom. 40

We also stopped at Yufeng Temple to see spectacular forest of Theaceae with schima, the famous Ten Thousand Flower Camellia stewartia and gordonia 20-m tall. Tree (2003 Journal, back cover). We were not Sheba is a town of traditional stone houses particularly impressed, perhaps because the of relatively wealthy people who have moved tree was not yet in blossom. into the area. Most houses have delightful gardens, often simple courtyards, where Dali reticulata varieties and the unmistakable Agood road links Lijiang to Dali, 1,900 m C.japonica 'Alba Plena' are potted, or planted above sea level, on the shore of lake Er Hai, in small flower beds. Nestled among the early which gives the city a mild climate. Dali retains reticulatas that had begun to flower, there was its walls and the three pagoda temple, a C.nitidissima, perfectly healthy despite a mentioned by Marco Polo in the 13th century, temperature near OC. and has survived invasions, wars and cultural We arrived at Hongmushu in spectacular revolution. Dali is the gate to the botanic morning light and found the gigantic schima paradise of the TaliRange, that reaches 4,000 we saw the previous August. Hundreds ofwild m. Although it was too early to see camellias reticulata, 7-m, and more, tall, were beginning in bloom, the flower market offered small to flower. They were in fields, lining borders plants of C. reticulata and flowers ofC.pitardii. ofproperty and paths - and finally, in the forest. Flower colours are vivid and range from rose Baoshan to red. Data: altitude 2,020 m; N 25°09'45.4", Baoshan, 1,700 m above sea level, is a three­ E98°30'03.4"; -3C at llam. hour drive from Dali. It is in an open valley In the afternoon, we visited the camellia with low mountains. In a temple garden, a forest a few kilometers from Tengchong. There nurseryman raisesmany C. reticulata cultivars, is a series of hills, steep and arid, facing north grafting the reticulata ontojaponica stock. His and west, entirely covered with reticulatas J?ost popularreticulata cultivar is 'Damanao' rarely taller than 2 m - not very viable. ('Cornelian'); the virus variegated form of 'Shizitou' ('Lion Head') that, here, shows Fengquing exceptionally vivid red and white. In the Along the road are woods of schima. We botanicgarden,C.yuhsienensis, with a very spotted a gordonia (probably a Gordonia elegant habit, is in bloom, along with a wide yunnanensis) with large (12 cm) white flowers. collection of cultivated and wild reticulata Fengquing, 1,500-1,600m above sea level, has trees. a milder climate than Tengchong. Ficus benjamina is planted outdoors and C. reticulata Tengchong and azaleas are in full bloom. Tengchong,I,700 mabove sea level, is We visited a nursery where cultivated linked to Baoshan by a good motorway. It is varieties of reticulata are reproduced by near theGoaligong national park that has been grafting onto wild reticulatasinstead of extensively investigated by researchers from japonicas such as 'Alba Plena'. Forestry police the Kunming Institute ofBotany and has been drove us to the Temple of Shi-Dong, built ori visited by ICS members atleast 10 times within a cliff at an altitude of 2,200 m. The temple the last 20 years. The valley is famous for its was adorned with a gigantic reticulata 'Tali volcanos and spas. Queen' ('Dali Cha') in full bloom, seeming to The temple of Yungfeng Shan, on top of a welcomethe new life ofthe temple, destroyed mountain 2,400-m high, offers a wonderful during the Cultural Revolution. We walked view along the Burma border and out on a down to the village ofQuiong Yue, where there 41

Gigantic C.reliwill/o 'Tali Queen' in full bloom allhe Temple of Shi-Dong.

Taillrees of wild C.reliclliala beginning 10 bloom=------, at Hongl11ushu. 42 were camellias planted in the courtyards of and still retains the primary forest. There were farms. They were potentially wonderful, but hundreds of Cforrestii, as well as C.grisjii, weakened by the cages that support proximity C.oleifera, C.pitardii, c.yunnanensis and grafting. We also found two very large many semi-double wild form C.reticulata. reticulata cullivars, 'Chrysanthemum Petal' In the small camellia garden at the park, ('Juban') and 'Pumencha' (camelliaofPumen, we found a monumental reticulata, called 'Gao the old name of Fengquing county). Liang'. This red-flower cultivar was planted by Prime Minister Gao Liang in the days of Nanjan the Dali Kingdom, some years after the time Along the road are spectacularbombax trees of Marco Polo. This could make it the oldest over 10m tall. In one pass, we found camellia in the world. The original trunk no C.xylocarpa in bloom (2,200 m, N24°43.'4.0", longer exists, but a lateral sucker has grown ElOo029'40.4"). The full red flower is funnel into a tree of respectable size. shaped. In the forest, C.xylocarpa are numer­ ous, but they carry few flowers; some are as Kunming big as 4-5 m, but they live in the shadows, In the city of "everlasting springtime" we under larger trees. found snow. Flowers were open on snow­ Along the road, Rhododendron arboreum capped trees in the Golden Temple Park and ssp. delavayi was beginning to flower in full in the Botanic Garden at the Kunming Institute sun. At Baohua village (N24°57'8", of Botany. Surprisingly, tender C.nitidissima ElOo028'0.5.8") the first groups of and C. impressinervis were in flower under the C.saluenensis began to appear in full sun and snow and looked perfectly comfortable. they continued to be seen in reforested woods Kunming and Tengchong are classic of pine at higher (2,000 m) altitude. sanctuaries of camellias. But we would add Chuxiong and Fengquing. Actually, Chuxiong Chuxiong offers the richest wild habitat we have seen, Chuxiong; visited by many ICS members while Fengquing has the unforgettable Temple over the years, is now a city of one million of Shi-Dong and its gigantic 'Tali Queen'. people. Professor Zhang Aoluo ofthe Kunming The large number of C. reticulata, Institute of Botany, and one of the founders of C.saluenensis and Cforrestii in the wild in the Zixi Mountain Park, was our escort for a the park system,and the, tourism this botanic visit to the botanic garden, where many of the treasure is creating, seem to say that the species local reticulata varieties, including 'Zehe', are not in immediate danger. However, some 'Luchengchun' and 'Guomei', were almost in species, such as C.xylocarpa, found in very full flower. The local museum devotes much restricted areas, might require special space to theJi people, who developed areligion protection. and a culture with a year of 10 months, each We think the success in conservation comes with 36 days. They also had an original taste from the awareness the Kunming Institute of for colours, as shown by their wonderful dark Botany has built around C. reticulata and other blue costumes. Some years ago, a monumental Yunnan species. May that success continue. astronomical sundial, with pillar 30m tall, and majestic access stairs, was built on the hill Mir.ella Gloria Motta is membership overlooking the city to celebratethe Ji culture. representative of the Italian Region. Zixi Mountain Park is only one hour from Gianmario Motta is director of the Italian downtown Chuxiong. It covers 200 square Region. kilometers (49,400 acres or 20,000 hectares) 43

C.rr/OCIllpa may re4uire specia I protect ion.

Cjllrrestii in bloom on Zixi Mountain.

Cre/jell/"/" 'Gao Liang' was planted in the days of the Dali Kingdom. 44

A RARE-BOOK COLLECTOR'S REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY OF CAMELLIAS IN THE WEST Shinichiro Kishikawa ~iiEg!j1i~1£1Jj~a

The first appearance of camellias in Eng­ it along with 812 other kinds of plants. lish literature is a drawing of Camelliajaponica The first live camellia to arrive in Europe by James Petiver in "Gazophylacii Naturre & probably was Lord Petre's "Chinese rose", Artis" in 1702 and a description written by featured in a 1745 painting of the peacock Petiver in the Philosophical Transactions pheasant of China by George E. Edwards in Number 286 of the Royal Society in 1703, "A Natural History of Birds". The description where he called the plant 'Thea Chinensis" says the camellia was grown by Lord Petre in and also "Cha hoa Chinensis". These were a hot house at Thorndon Hall, Essex, England. based on dried herbarium specimens sent from William T. Aiton of the Royal Botanic Gar­ Zhoushan Island on China's east coast by dens, Kew, stated in "Hortus Kewensis" James Cuninghame, a Scottish surgeon with Vol.IV (1812) that C.japonica was cultivated the English East India Company. In addition by Lord Petre before 1739. to C.japonica. Cuninghame's specimens in­ The name "Chinese rose" tells the origin of cluded C.sinensis and C.jratema. Lord Petre's camellia. Japan was closed. ex­ Camellias were next described in 1712 by cept for limited trade with the Dutch and Chi­ Engelbert Kampfer in "Amoenitatum nese. so the first live camellias to reach Eu­ Exoticarum Politico-Physici-Medicarum·'. rope probably did not come from Japan - un­ Kampfer, who was a guest in Cleyer's house less the first ones were brought back by the in Batavia several times, was a German sur­ Portuguese. geon employed by the VOC in Japan from 1690 The Portuguese had reached Japan in 1543. to 1692. He drew and discussed C.sinensis, In 1549. Saint Francisco Javier arrived to con­ C.japonica and c.sasanqua, and listed 23 ca­ vert the Japanese to Christianity. It is said that mellia varieties in his book, a copy of which is in J558, Javier, along with the Portuguese in my collection. adventurer Fernao Mendes Pinto, took back Kampfer's book played an important part many plants, including camellias, to Portugal. in camellia nomenclature. AIthough Camellia However, Javier left Japan in 1551 for Goa japrmica was growing in both China and Ja­ and died inl552 on his way from Goa to China. pan, Carl Linnreus named it Camelliajaponica There are many contradictions in the stories of in his binomial system because of Kampfer's illustration and description from Japan. In fact. Linnreus cited only Kampfer for C.japonica. although he cited several references, in addi­ Kampfer's tion to Kampfer, for naming the tea plant Thea "Amoenitatum Exoticarulll" cover sinensis. Linmeus attributed the name Thea to and illustration of Kampfer, but he changed "Tsubakki", used by C.japollim. Kampfer, to Camellia to honour Georg Joseph Camel, the Moravian missionary, who spent much of his life in the Philippines and described the plants there - although not the camellia. Another book in my collection is "Flora Japan", published in 1784 by the Swedish physician Carl PeterThunberg, who spent 1775 and 1776 in Japan for the VOC. Although Kampfer had described Camellia sasanqua in 1712, it was not formally recognized and named until Thunberg described and illustrated 46

perhaps in the same period as the camel Iia trees at Pillnitz Castle, near Dresden in Germany, and at the Royal Palace in Caserta, near Na­ ples in Italy. These historic camellias prob­ ably date from the I 770s- j 780s and may have come from the same nursery at Mile End (1985 Journal, p.80-gl). The Buranical Maf!,azine, launched in Eng­ land in 1787 by William Curtis, fealUred a ca­ mellia in Volume 2 in 1788, which is also part ormy collection. This illustration is ofa single red camellia, similm to the old camellias at Campo Bello. Caserta and Pillnit7.. Whether it was drawn from a camellia at the Mile End nursery was not said by Curtis. It is interesting that the Mile End nursery was established by James Gordon, who was Lord Petre's gardener at Thorndon Hall when the "Chinese rose" was growing there. But it is puzzling that Lord Petre's camellia was a double rather than the single red of the Mile End nursery. Thunberg's illustration of c.sa.\wujua.

Pinto and he often exaggerated his adventures. So far, it has been impossible to prove any claims made aboul Pinto and his connection with camellias. There me a number of large camellia trees in the Porto area of Portugal. Dr. Frederick G. Meyer of the US Department of Agriculture claimed in 1959 that old specimens in the gar­ den at Campo Bello were 400 years old. But the Conde de Campo Bello said there is noth­ ing in the history of Campo Bello to indicate that the four sons of the family who went to the Indies in the 16th century brought back camellias or any other plants (1979 Journal, p.6S). In an article in the Japan Camellia Sociey's annual Tsubaki for the year 2000, Akitoyo Kirino estimated the trees at Campo Bello to be 190-195 years. It is believed that the earli­ est camellias in Portugal were imported by a member of the Van-Zeller family from a nurs­ ery at Mile End, London, about 1800 (2002 Juurnal, p.42-45). These camellias began life Single red from The Botanicaj Magaciue. 47

Importance for Gardening could not possibly afford. It is amazing to me The first camellias of importance for gar­ that such books, with their exquisite hand­ dening in the West were 'Alba Plena', a white colored lithographs, existed in Emppe during formal double, and 'Variegata', a red semi­ Japan's late Edo period, and many of the origi­ double with white blotches. Both were brought nal editions are in my collection. to England from China in 1792 by Captain One suchbook is "Illustrations and Descrip­ John Corner ofthe Carnatic, a ship of the East tions ofThe Plants which compose the natural India Company, for Gilbert Slater, the ship's order Camelliere and of the varieties of Ca­ principal owner (2002 Journal, p.39-41). They mellia Japonica Cultivated in the Gardens of were followed by many other varieties. Great Britain" with 40 hand-colored drawings All of the camellia varieties that were by Alfred Chandler and descriptiorls by known in England to the year 1820 were listed William Beattie Booth. Volume 1 appeared in in a text insert to "A Monograph on the Ge­ 1831. Volume 2, scheduled to be published in nus Camellia", published by Samuel Curtis, 1837, was often described as legendary be­ the first cousin of William Curtis. Five illus­ cause no copies could be found for more than trations by Clara Maria Pope showed 10 vari­ 100 years. Finally,in 1942, six copies were eties. A total of 25 varieties were named, plus discovered, each with four drawings. No other four unnamed varieties that had not yet flow­ copies are known to exist. The japoriica ered, imported in 1820 by Captain Richard 'Bealei', reproduced here, is from my copy of Rawes, another East India Company captain. Volume 2. One of the unnamed camellias was the first Although 'Bealei' was taken back to Eng­ C.reticulata to reach the west, subsequently land from China in 1831 by John Reeves, the named 'Captain Rawes'. C.reticulata had al­ English East India Company's chiefinspector ready reached Japan from China in the early oftea, the plant originated in Japan. Ithad been Edo period, before 1700. [Edo is the former obtained, along with other Japanese plants, by name of Tokyo. The Edo period was 1600­ Mr. Beale, a merchant who gardened at Macao 1868.] for 50 years. The same variety was also taken It is no wonder that Europeans welcomed to Belgium from Japan in 1830 by Philipp camellias so enthusiastically. They were as­ Franz von Siebold and flowered in the Ghent tonished to see evergreen trees with rosy flow­ glasshouses ofM. Verlieuwen in 1834. It was ers. During the last Ice Age in Europe, only named 'Leeana Su:perba' and because that some coniferous trees and holly had survived. name appeared in print first, 'Bealei' is only a The voyages that brought various plants to synonym for the variety. Europe from the FarEast were extremely hard. My copy of the series "Bollweilerer There were two crossings of the equator and Camellian - Sammlung", published by C.A. often storms that led to many tragedies. The Bauman and N. Bauman, is regarded as more difficulties of importing plants was one of the rare than Chandler and Booth Volume 1, prob­ reasons why the business of producing many ably because of the small number printed. new varieties from seed flourished in Europe Charles and Napoleon Bauman owned a nurs­ and through much of the 19th century, many ery in Bollweiler, France, and illustrated and camellia books and plant books with camellia 'Clescribed in French and German a total of 48 illustrations were published. Often, these books varieties -12 varieties in each of the years were used as catalogs. 1829, 1831, 1832 and 1835, and an illustra­ The luxurious books probably were owned tion of seeds, fruit and seedling plants in 1831. only by royalty, aristocrats and other rich peo­ Apparently, there are no copies in any public ple. They were something ordinary people libraries in England, and there is no camellia­ 48

to break away from Dutch rule. However, 'Masayoshi', 'Tricolor', 'Ochroleuca' and 'Candidissima' survived and were propagated and released by M. Donckelaer, head gardener at the Botanical Garden of Louvain. 'Masayoshi' was given the name 'Donck­ elaeri', which is a valid synonym for the vari­ ety today. It was Abbe Lorenzo Berlese who recorded that Siebold also brought back the camellias 'Leeana Superba' and 'Delicatissima'. Abbe Berlese was born in Italy, but spent almost 50 years in France. He was a versatile priest with diverse interests ancl, in his middle age, built a greenhouse to grow camellias. His collection, once more than 800 varieties, was the largest in Europe at that lime. His "Monographie du Genre Camellia", published in 1838, contains 282 varieties. The second edition, published in 1840, contains 508 varieties, and the third edition, published in 1845, contains 70 I vari­ 'Bealei' from the rare Chandler & Booth Volume 2. eties.

related book in Japan that even mentions the series. In addition to many camellias also de­ scribed and illustrated by Chand IeI' and Booth, it includes some rare varieies illustrated for the first time, such as 'Dianthiflora', 'Fascicularies', and'Johnsonii'. There is even one called 'Pensillata' that, according to the "International Camellia Register", originated in the USA. It also included' Axillaris', which at that time was being debated as either a ca­ mellia or a gordonia. It proved to be the latter. In 1835, when the Baumans were publish­ ing the last of their series of varieties, Philipp Franz von Siebold and J.G. Zuccarini produced "Flora Japonica" with 150 color illustrations, including Cjaponica and Csasanqua. Siebold was another of the German physicians em­ ployed by the VOc. He spent the years .1823­ 1829 stationed on the island of Deshima in Nagasaki harbor (1999 Journal, p.52-56l. Siebold took plants, including camellias, back to Europe, although he lost many of them in 'Rubra Plena' from "Bollweilerer the chaos of the times as Belgiulll was trying Camellian- Sammlung". 49

Berlese also published three volumes of "Iconographie du Genre Camellia" (I ~41­ 1843), each with 100 illustrations of camellia varieties. The illustrations were created by 1.1. lung. a woman painter. who visited Berlbe's greenhouse day after day to make sketches. The volumes provide details about camellia varieties, their origins, cultivation methods and other information. Of the 250 copies of Berlese' s Iconographie published, mine does not have the illustrious history of the copy owned by the American Camell ia Society, each volume of which bears a crown nnd the initials ML embossed in gold. It was once owned by Marie Louise, Napole­ on's second wi fe. Belgium was at the heart of the flourishing camellia world in the mid-19th century. At one point there were more than 260 camellia green­ houses in Ghent, none more important than those of the Verschaffelt family, who published "Nouvelle Iconographie des Camellias" from Camellia reticlI/({/u from Berlbe has the ueJic:lle 1848 to 1860. This great series contai ns 623 touch of the female artist J.J. Jung. illustrations in 13 volumes; only four of the the large fields around the city. Both stories varieties had appeared in Berlese. Verschaffelt are in his narrative "Yedo and Peking". relensed four illustrations of new varieties In 1861, one year nfter the publishing 01' every month; and when Alexandre "Nouvelle Iconographie des Camellias" was Verschaffelt died in March 1850, his son discontinued. the first new camellin varieties Ambroise carried on. began to appear in "L' IIlustrntion Horticole", One ofthecamellias illustrated in July 1849 which Ambroise Verschaffelt begnn publish­ bears the family name: 'Verschaffeltiana'. It ing in 1854 with Charles Lemaire as editor. A originated in the Verschaffelt glasshouses from total or 64 camellia varieties appeared in a cross between 'Leeana Superba', brought "L'lIlustration Horticole': nnd I have man­ back from Japan by Siebold, and 'MintJta', a aged to collect 60 of them - all illustrnted in Belgian camellia of unknown origin. the 2002 Journa/, p.59-o7. The first two cn­ An October 1853 illustration shows the mellia varieties appeared in I Rol. then four to famous "yellow flowered" camellia 'Jaune', six varieties appenred each year during the discovered near Shanghai in 1848 by Robert 1860s, but just one or two vnrieties each year Fortune. A Came/lia o/eifera, at one time c1ns­ in the 18705, and none after 1880, although sified ns a c.sasanqua, it hns small, ruffled "L'lIlustrntion Horticole" continued to be pub­ central petaloids of yellowish color. Fortune lished until 1896. This indicates the rapid loss explored Yunnan in China and is said to have of popularity or camellins in the late I SODs. taken C.reljell/ala 'Songzilin' (also called 'Pa­ goda', 'Pine Cone Scales' and 'Robert For­ Into the New Wodd tune') back to England about 1838. When he Because most of the early camellia litera­ visited the Edo (Tokyo), he was amazed by ture was published ill England. Belgium. 50

Eventually, the centers ofcamel Iia produc­ tion shifted to the South and California in the USA, and to Australia and New Zealand, where the w,lrmer climates improved growing con­ ditions. But the early history lives on in those rare old books which for many years have been my passion.

Kishikawa Collection (books in relation to this article) "Amoenitatum Exoticarum Politico­ Physici-Medicarum", Engelbert Kampfer, 1712. "Flora Japan". Carl Peter Thunberg, 1784. "lIlustrations and Descriptions of The Plants which compose the natural order Camellie;:e and of the varieties of Camellia Japonica Cultivated in the Gardens of Great Britain", AII'red Chandler & William Beattie ,"""..IT••, r.....r. ••/j ••"". Booth, 1831; Yol. 2,1837. "Bollwei lerer Camiellien-Sammlung", Yerschaffell's .YerschalTelt ian,,'. CA. Ballman & N. Bauman, 1835. France and Italy, I was surprised to find that "Monography of the Genus Camellia By camellias were introduced in the United States, Australia and New Zealand earlier than I had expected. The single red C.japo/lica arrived in the USA in 1797 or 1798. Camellias were in­ troduced into Australia as early as 1823 and into New Zealand probably in 1833 (2000 Journal, p.69-72). John Stevens of Hoboken, New Jersey, across the river from New York City. is cred­ ited with importing the single red. By the I 830s, Boston and Phi ladelphia, as well as New York City, had become important camellia centers. From 1840 to 1850, Philadelphia prob­ ably produced more camellias than any other city in the USA. It was there that Robert Buist and Thomas Hibbert formed a partnership and published "The American Flower Garden Di­ rectory" in 1832. After Hibbert's death, Buist continued to publish editions from 1839 until 1859. The 1839 edition included seven camellia species and 94 varieties, including 'Fimbriata' illustrated here from my copy of the book. Yerschaffelt's "yellow flowered" 'Jaune·. 51

the propagation and culture of the Camellia japolliw", Robert J. Halliday, 1880, BO/{/lIicnl Maga7.ine, Vol. 46, Samuel Curtis, 1819, and three other plates. Botanical Magazine Index 1787-1904, Hemsley, 1904.

Other References 1990. Catalog of Kumpfer's Exhibition in Japan. Deutsches Institut fOr Japanstudien, 1960. Old Camellias of Portugal. Camellill Aunllal.7. Aiton, William T. 1812. "Hortus Kewensis" Vol. IV. Blunt, Wilfred. "The Art of Botanical 11­ lustration", 1950, Japanese translation. Coats, Alice M. "Flowers and Their Histo­ ries". 1956. Japanese translation by Yasaka Syobo. 1991. Tokyo Curtis, Samuel. 1819. "A Monography on the Genus Camellia". Facsimile edition. 1965, 'Fimbriata' from Buist's "Tile American Charles W. Traylen. Flower Garden Directory", Edwards, George E. 1747. "A Natural His­ The Abbe Lorenzo Berlese", translaled into tory of Birds". English by Henry A.S. Dearborn, reprint by Gimson, Robert M. 1979. Further Ventila­ E.A. McIlhenny, 1947. tion on the History of the Oporto Camellias. "Monographie du genre Camellia". ed.2. lnlerllatiollul Cmllellin Journal. 11: 68. M. L' Abbe Berlese,1840. Graves, George, 1978. Verschaffelt's "Monographie du genre Camellia", ed.3, Nouvelle Iconographie Des Camellias. Ameri­ M. L' Abbe Berlese, 1845. Ciln Camellin Yearbook. 167-177. "lconographie elu Genre Camellia", Tome Hume, H. Harold. 1946. "Camellias in 1-111, M. L'Abbe Berlese, 1841-1843. America", J, Horace McFarland Co., "Annales de la Societe Royale Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, d' Agriculture et Botanique de Gand", Charles Hume. H. Harold, 1955. "Camellias in Morren, 1845-1849. America", revised edition. J. Horace "L'lllustration Horticole", Charles McFarland Co.. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Lemaire, 1854-1896. Keeton, Charles L. 1967. Robert O. Rubel, "Nouvelle Iconographie des Camellias", Jr. ... He Has Collected The World's Finest Alexandre & Ambroise Verschaffelt edit., Camellia Library. Americall Camellill Year­ 1848-1860. book. 3-12. "New Iconography of the Camellia", trans­ Kirino, Akitoyo. 2000. ·'Tsubaki". Japan lation of Verschaffelt descriptions by E.A. Camellia Society. McIlhenny, 1945. Plantiveau, Paul. 1977. The Camellias of "The American Flower Garden Directory", Nantes.lnrernational Camellia Journal. 9: 23­ Robert Buist, 1834, 1839, 1851, 1852. 28. "Practical Camellia Culture, a treatise on Pyron, Joseph H. 1970, Robert O. Rubel, 52

Jr. - Versatile Camellia Specialist. American Tarumoto, Kiyoshi. 1976. "Y6syu Tsubaki Camellia Yearbook. 117. Meikan" (Overseas camellia). Bunka­ Savige, T.J. 1967. The Camellias of Shuppan, Tokyo. L'Illustration Horticole. Camellia News. Dec. Watanabe, Takeshi & Andoh, Yoshiaki. Savige, TJ. 1985. The Ancient Camellias 1980. "Hana to Ki no Bunka - Tsubaki".le no ofEurope. International Camellia Journal. 17: - hikari - suppan. Tokyo. 80-82. Savige, TJ. editor. 1993. "International Shinichiro Kishikawa is a doctor ofmedi­ Camellia Register". International Camellia cine in Osaka, Japan. He is an avid collector Society. of camellia artifacts and rare, 19th century Sevesi, Antonio. 1970. Lorenzo Bernardo camellia books, which he has discussed in Berlese 1784-1863. American Camellia Year­ previous articles in the Journal. He has of­ book. 210. feredcopies, reproducedby computerimaging, Siebold, Philipp Franz von & Zuccarini, ofmany ofhis books (see 2002 Journal, p.75­ J.C.1835. "Flora Japonica". Japanesetransla­ 76; 2001 Journal, p.89-90; and 2000 Journal, tion by Yasaka Syobo. 1990. Tokyo. p.30-31). For additional information, contact Tooby, John. 1981. The Early Introductions Dr. Kishikawa at 1-9-18 Chodo Higashi-osaka of Camellias to England from China. Interna­ city, Osakaju, 577-0056 Japan. tional Camellia Journal. 13: 32-36. 53 OBITUARIES CARNET DE DEUIL VERSTORBEN

Professor Dr. Klaus Peper lost a long time ago. He presented plants of Dr. Klaus Peper died on 5 Apri I2004 after both cultivars to the Palm Garden in Frankfurtl a long battle with cancer. Main (2001 Journal, p.43-44). He was born on 28 November 1935 in Dr. Peper became the first chairman of the Cuxhaven, Germany, where he grew up. He German Camellia Society (DKG) in 1994. In studied physics and medicine at Heidelberg the same year, he founded the German and worked successfully as a scientist at Camellia Library. which was opened in 1997 universities in Saarbriicken, the USA and at the annual general meeting of the DKG in Homburg/Saar. Castle Zuschendorf near Pi II nitz (1997 Dr. Peper, was completely captivated in Journal, p.28). 1989 by camellias upon seeing the photograph From 1995 to 1998 he was the Regional ICS a 'J. C. Williams', as well as by his first Director for Germany and Austria. camellia, and he never lost his fascination for From old, dirty and worn documents by the plant. He became a member of the Traugolt Jacob Seidel, Heinrich Fischer and International Camellia Society in 1990 and in others he magically managed to produce seven 1991 he began to breed camellias. volumes of beautiful reprints. His love for camellias brought out the But he did not just dig into the past for researcher in him. He had to know all there knowledge about the history ofcamellias, their was to know about them. What role did cultivation ancl care. he was also very keen on camellias play in Germany? How did they get modern technology. In 1995 he created the ICS to Germany'l Who cultivated them and who home page on the Internet. grew further variants') After camellia flower blight, Ci!7ol"iuia With meticulousness ancl tenacity he shone caillelliue Kohn. reached Europe. he felt a light into the history of German camellias. compelled to issue to his camellia friends a He managed to trace C.joponico small booklet containing all the information 'Francofurtensis' and c.jo/lonica 'Teutonia', about it. because he bel ieved that the disease both cultivated in Frankfurt, thefirst by J. Rinl, was nol being taken seriously. An absolute gem the second by i'vI. Gruneberg, but both believed ofa publication, it was published on the Internet

Dr. Klaus Peper. Cia/'ol1im 'Professor Klau, p(;pcr". 54 in 1999 and then in the 2000 Juurnal (p.85­ decade when he heard that a medal 93). commemorating Georg Joseph Camel, had Despite his long continuing serious illness been struck for the National Museum in Prague. his energy and zest remained unabated. He He made repeated attempts to procure one and restored pictures and published his own has no doubt thanked the many people who camellia booklet. He still had so many plans. helped in his success in obtaining this medal Klaus, we shall miss you very much' for the man after whom the camellia was Waldemar Max Hansen named. [Editor's note: In 2000, a seedling from Most of us remember him for his work in Portuguese seed, raised by Georg Klosel in horticulture. Time does not permit a listing of Hamburg, Germany, flowered for the first time. his papers, talks, medals, prizes and books, The loose-to-full peony form with white with and I suspect he would be a little embarrassed red and pink shaded margins. pictured p.53, to be sitting here listening to the full list, which was named 'Professor Klaus Peper'.J is longer than most of us know. We shall simply mention three items. Dr. Robert Withers In 1995 Bob was a recipient of the Order (Just as theJoumalwas about to go to press, of Australia Medal. I think he was quite word was received that Dr. Bob Withers had surprised that a ["riend (Alan Raper, who died in Australia on 24January 2005. This brief predeceased him) had nominated him. It is not obituary was drawn from the eulogy for Dr. easy to win an OAM. Bob earned his for Bob given by Geoffrey Sherrington.] services to horticulture, especially the lily, the Dr. Bob, as most of us knew him, admired rhododendron and the camellia. The large flowering ornamentals like the lily, the plantings of these plants within gardens such rhododendron and the camellia. as the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne. and Few of us knew him when he went to Scotch the Rhododendron Gardens at Olinda, contain College on a scholarship. or when he graduated many plants donated by Bob. But it was his in medicine at the University of Melbourne. organisation of others, his manner of gaining But we know from the manner of Bob that his permission fordifficult projects, that stamp his medical work would have been conducted with mark on parts of these gardens. courtesy, grace and understanding. I have seldom met a person who complained as little as Bob - which was never, although in his medical practice he would have heard many complaints. Those who knew of his practice attest to his excellence in diagnosis of di fficult conditions, which is not a surprise to those who knew the sharpness of his memory. He also was known for his dogged competitiveness. When he set his sights on a target, he would try again and again until he won (which often was on the first attempt). Indeed, he won a pre-war rosette from the Royal Horticultural Society annual show, for the best chicken exhibited in a certain class. He also showed dogs, with his father. His determination was shown in the past Dr. Robert Withers 55

The second item is the Veitch Gold camellia hybridisers Les and Felix Jury, who Memorial Medal. This is the highest award shared their knowledge and plant material with that can be given to a non-British resident by him. He started his own nursery growing hebes, the Royal Horticultural Society, London. There but found that they were too easy for others to are few of these granted in any year. Bob and propagate and share. He switched to camellias, his wife Hari were able to attend in person to magnolias, vireyas, michelias and receive the medal, Hari with a broken foot from rhododendrons. He made forays into Borneo. a fall in America a few days before. Thailand, Vietnam, New Guinea, China and The third item is his 1967 book "Liliums in Japan forthe best plant material. He grew many Australia", which set the standard for lilies. species, but his great love was camellias. He He authored many, many papers and was a founding member of the Whangarei contributed chapters and images to many more Branch of the New Zealand Camellia Society. books. So many times have we seen Bob offering comfort to the stressed, lessons to beginners, encouragement for people with aims and, in plain words, selling an example that was hard to beat. Hari used her nursing training when he had a near-fatal heart allack nearly 20 years ago. That extra 20 years was savoured to the last drop by Dr. Bob. He began the planning of guided tours to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, and of presentations on the history of the Gardens for the application for the International Camellia Congress in 2006. He just couldn't quite make it in person as Chief Guide and Presenter. 'Red Crystal'. one of Os BllImhardt's best. Os B1umhardt Colonel Tom Durrant Os Blumhardt, the creator of many well­ Word was received too late for an obituary known camellias, such as 'Night Rider', 'Black that Colonel Tom Durrant, a founder of the Opal', 'Fairy Wand', 'Gay Baby', 'Sleeping New Zealand Camellia Society, has died at Beauty' and 'Red Crystal', has died. The owner age 98. He was a holder of the Royal of Koromiko Nursery, near Whangarei, was Horticultural Society's prestigious Veitch one of New Zealand's greatest plant breeders Memorial Gold Medal. His 1982 book "The and received the New Zealand Instilllte of Camellia Story", was a labour of love that was Horticulture Plant Breeder's Gold Medal much admired by readers everywhere. A full several years ago. obilllary will be in the 2005 Journa/. He began at Duncan and Davis Nursery in Herb Short New Plymouth and became a friend of famous S6

PHENOLOGY OF CAMELLIA JAPONICA CULTIVARS IN NORTHWESTERN SPAIN

Pilar Vela, Carmen Salinero, Olga Agufn, Marfa J. Sainz and Pilar Pifion

h L1J ~HU+tEIDi ~tmrIDiY.f3f ~~1,*WJ PHENOLOGIE DES VARIETES DU CAMELLIA JAPONICA DANS LE NORD-OUEST DE L'ESPAGNE PHANOLOGIE DER CAMELLIA JAPONICA SORTEN 1M NORDWESTEN SPANIENS ~tw .A~-{ ~~~~~t Q ~-\" ~ .::=.1JflY /~:¥-O)~~~~~

Camellia species and cultivars are wideiy The study of the phenology of Galician planted around the world. Despite this camellias should enable a better understanding widespread distribution, there are some aspects of plant behaviour and aid cultivation and of the biological behaviour ofthese plants that commercialisation by improving the control are still virtually unknown, particularly the and application of fertilizers, insecticides and characteristics of the phenological stages of fungicides, by determining the best time and ornamental camellia species during their extent of pruning, and the best time for annual growth cycle. propagation by cuttings and grafting. This is true of Camellia japonica, the most Camellias were probably introduced in commonly grown ornamental species of the Galicia in the middle of the 19th century genus, which includes more than 2,000 (Odriozola, 1986). Although they could have commercial cultivars. All are evergreen shrubs come from France, Belgium or Holland, it is that differ greatly in morphology, such as plant more likely that plant material from Portugal size, leafco16ur and shape, and petal number was first cultivated (Samartfn, 1984). Initially, and colour, and also in phenology, such as camellias were grown at Pazos, the manor shoot development, blooming period and fruit houses belonging to the Galician nobility, but development. Forinstance, some cultivars may in the mid-20th century they spread throughout show a second shoot growth at the time of the region as gardening plants. Now C.japonica t10wer bud appearance, and many, but not all, can be seen in almost every private and public produce a round woody fruit that may contain garden. seeds (Salinero & Vela, 2004). The aim of the present work was to study Materials and methods the phenology of S4 C.japonica cultivars The growth cycle of S4 well-adapted growing in the public garden at Do Areeiro cultivars of C.japonica, at least 10 years old, Phytopathology Station in Pontevedra, in was monitored. For most cultivars, there were Galicia, in northwestern Spain. The collection 2-3 specimens. The phenology of each plant of Camellia species and cultivars was begun was studied for three years (2000-2003). On in 1984; there are about 280 specimens from each plant, 6 branches were labelled in order 18 camellia species, which are distributed in to follow the development of each bud. The 11 areas. stage of development during the periods of Galician camellia nurseries are an important blooming and shootgrowth was recorded twice source of camellia species and cultivars for each week, and once each week during the rest Europe, in terms of both quality and quantity. of the year. 57

In order to record the complete cycle, the various phenological stages were defined as show on page 60.

Results In the three years of study, the moment when shoot growth began (Stage D) varied greatly, whereas the duration of shoot growth was fairly constant among cultivars. For example, there were cliitivars which began shoot growth in mid-February, whereas others did not begin until two months later. However, in most cultivars that growth period lOok place in just 15 to 30 days. There was also great variation in the cliitivars that experienced a second growth of 'Ciudad de Vigo'. shoots while some shoots from the initial

J~lVl1~ , }> .- " I ~-€ ~

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Annual phenological cycle of Camelliajaponica CY. Ciudad de Vigo in NW-Spain 58

growth were at the end of the hardening process. In 2000. only six cultivurs produced second growth, and none of these six produced a second growth the following year. During 2001. 12 cultivars produced a second growth, and in 2002, 26 produced a second growth. The second growth in 2001 started in the period from the beginning of June to the end of July and lasted 15-30 days, depending on the cultivar. In 2002, the second growth did not begin until the end of August or early September; it lasted 15-30 days. Cultivars are commonly classified according to their season of flower, distinguishing between early, mid and late 'Rubescens Major'. season cultivars (Midcap er 01.,2000; Black, 2003). The first cultivars to begin flowering

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Annual phenological cycle of Camellia japonica cv. Rubescens Major in NW-Spain 59 were different in each year. In 2000-2001, and to temperature and precipitation during 'Carolyn Tuttle', an early-to-late bloomer was blooming time. As the plant grows older, the the earliest to flower, beginning in October. In' number of flowers per plant usually increases 2001-2002, the early bloomer 'Daikagura' was and more pollen is produced, thus increasing much earlier than usual and was the first to the possibility that fruit is produced. Research flower, beginning in late September. In 2002­ on fruit trees proves that warm and dry 2003, 'Vilar d'Allen' was the first cultivar to conditions during flowering periods favour flower, beginning at the end of September; the fruit set, whereas abundant rain during previous year it had begun blooming in early blooming has a negative effect (Nyeki & October and in 2000-2001 it was at the end of Soltesz, 1996). The winter and spring of 2000 October. were very rainy, which could be the reason In 2000-2001 the latest cultivars to begin why most cultivars did not produce any fruit. blooming were the usual late bloomers However, certain cultivars will never 'Hawaii' and 'Bella Lambertii', beginning in produce seed because of their flower early February. In 2001-2002, the latest to characteristics. This is the case with formal­ begin were 'Baron Leguay' and 'Daviesii' at double cultivars, such as 'Alba Plena', the end of February. In 2002-2003, 'K. 'Nuccio's Gem' and 'Orandako, and with some Sawada' was the latest, at the beginning of with anemone and peony forms such as 'Can February. Can' and 'Hawaii'. There were also differences among cultivars in the duration of the initial, full and Acknowledgement final blooming. Some cultivars exhibited a long This work has been funded by Xunta de initial bloom. For example, the early blooming Galicia. 'Can Can' presented less than 10 open flowers during the first month, extended its full References bloomirig period through three months, and Black, R. 2003. Camellias in Florida. ended its final blooming period more than 20 Circular 461. Florida Cooperative Extension days later. 'Alba Plena', on the other hand, Service, Gainesville, Florida. had a short initial bloom of one week, an Hotchkiss B., 2003. Historia de las extensive full bloom offourmonths, and afinal camelias. Nociones basicas para bloom of7- 15 days. principiantes.Cameiia. 1: 5-6. 'Lavinia Maggi' and 'Hawaii' had a Macoboy, S. 1998. The Illustrated blooming period of 3 months, whereas 'Villar Encyclopaedia of Camellias. Timber Press, d'Allen' and 'Angela Cocchi' had blooming Portland, Oregon. periods of six months or more. Also, almost Midcap, J.T., Clay, H., Brewer, B.S., every cultivar had a two-month difference in Moody, E.H.. 1999. Camellia Culturefor Home the extent ofits blooming period over the three Gardeners. Georgia Extension Service years. This was probably related to weather Publication. conditions in each year of study. Nyeki, J. & Soltesz, M. 1996. Floral The number of cultivars that formed fruit Biology of Temperate Zone Fruit Trees and increased from the first to the third year of Small Fruits. Akademiai Kiad6, Budapest. study. In 2000, only six cultivars formed round Odriozola A., 1986. Camelias en los pazos woody capsules with seeds. The number . y jardines pontevedreses. En: La camelia. Ed. increased to12 cultivars in 2001 and to 23 in Diputaci6n Provincial de Pontevedra, p. 131­ 2002. 142. This could be related to the age ofthe plant Salinero,M.C. & Vela,P. 2004. Lacamelia 60 en la colecci6n de la Diputaci6n de Pontevedra. Pilar Vela, Carmen Salinero, Olga Aguin Ed. Servicio de Publicaciones, Diputaci6n andPilar Pinon are researchers at the Estaci6n Provincial de Pontevedra. Fitopatol6gica 'Do Areeiro', Excma., in Samartfn, M.C. & Perez, A., 1988. La Pontevedra. Maria J. Sainz is with the camelia, un regalo para Occidente. Everest, Departmento de Producci6n Vegetal, La Carufia. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario in Lugo.

The Phenological Stages for Camellia Japonica Cultivars A. Dormant bud: Completely closed; its D5: End of the shoot hardening process. shape (almost rounded) varies depending on Shoot is woody and is the characteristic the cultivar. colouration of the cultivar. B. Bud swell: Summer buds swell and E. Flower buds: Two substages. elongate. EI: Flower buds appear on both sides of C. Bud elongation: Scales of the summer the terminal bud and on some leafaxiles. bud open and a cluster ofnewly formed leaves, E2: Flower buds swell. usually a light colouration, can be seen. F. Blooming period: Three substages. D. Shoot development: Shoot morphology F1: Flower buds burst. Sepals open and evolves from the appearance ofthe first leafto coloured petals are seen. shoot hardening. Five substages. F2: Full bloom. Dl. First leaf is clearly seen although is F3: Flowers wilt. Petals or the entire flower still against the cluster. drop. D2: Shootelongation. New leaves separate, G. Fruit set. as the shoot grows. H. Fruit growth. D3: Final shoot elongation. Terminal bud I. Fruit ripening: Fruit capsule opens and is visible. seeds fall to the ground. D4:Shoot begins to harden from the base to the apex and the leaves are thicker and a dark green colour. 61 A PLANTATION FOR PROPAGATING CAMELLIA CHRYSANTHA You Muxian

-~.:M~{E~ l¥.1~ttilzli UNE PLANTATION POUR PROPAGER LE CAMELLIA CHRYSANTHA EIN GROSSPROJEKT ZUR VERMEHRUNG DER CAMELLIA CHRYSANTHA r39L~~J itf9W:O)~O)Iml~

[Editor's note: Camellia chrysantha has chrysantha, "The Great Panda Plant". been reduced to a synonym for Camellia After attending the International nitidissima; see the "International Camellia Symposium on Camellia ChrysaJltha in Register", p.3.] Nanning, Guangxi, in 1994 (1994 Journal. p.69-73), Wang Giayun began research on On 20 October 2004, a meeting was held in rapid propagation of the species. He went to Wuh Tian, Zhejiang, China, to discuss progress the natural habitat of the species in Guangxi on the project "Technica.l Research and Zhuang Autonomous Region more than 10 Evaluation on Rapid Propagation of Camellia times and collected more than 40 different CllIysantha" by a task force established jointly kinds of yellow camel Iia speci mens, includi ng by the Technical Bureau of Wenzhou and the mutations or sports. Technical Bureau of Erh Hai Region. As a result, the Giayun Nursery was Wang Giayun, a director member of the established in 2002 in Wuh Tian. Permits were Camellia Branch of the Chinese Flower& Plant obtained in 2003 and the task force was set up Society and head of the project task force, to reach its goal of rapid propagation by April showed many grafted C.chrysantha plants that 2005. could help solve the problems of rapid Camellia chrysal7lha is a primitive species propagation. The group also discussed research aimed at improving growth habit to obtain plants that are more valuable and desirable for general garden display and landscaping. The species C.chrysantha, including a group ofsubspecies possessing yellow flowers. has been named as a National First Class Plant for protection and conservation. The species is highly valued both for horticulture and its use in herbal medicine. But because of its scarcity in nature, years of overharvesting, and the lack of resources in local areas to cope with recovery, its numbers are dwindling drastically. In a portion of its habitat, it is on the edge of extinction. Its plight has been likened to that of the Great Panda. In fact, many concerned parties have been crying out to save Camellia Wang Giayull reporlS on propagation progress. 62

In order to gain a beller survival rate, a series of studies was conducted to determine graft and rootstock compatibility. Many species in different sections of the genus Camellia were selected, such as Coleifera, C.wsanquo. wild Cjaponica, and the Naidong cultivars (2003 Journal, p.66-68). By using a seIUm affiliation screen test, the best grafting compatibility was determined for 3,484 plants. A plan was then set up to for grafting at different times of the year using different grafting methods. A total of 3,100 plants were grafted successfully - a 90% survival rate. Research to improve the growth habit is a continuing effort. The species produces attractive flowers, but the growth habit is not desirable. The branches of the plant are long and slender, with a tendency to cascade. The task force is searching for a solution by attempting to locate the genes related to physiology in order to develop a dwarf plant. The success of the grafting opened theeyes of the many camellia experts at the meeting. One of the sliccessfully grafled plants shown They approved various technical aspects of the at the Wuh Tian meeting. project. with a physiology quite different from that of You Muxian wasa chiefedilOrof "Chinese other camellia species. Grafting has been Camellia Cull/.lre·· and wrote the chapters on difficult. There has been no growth after the anciell/ camellia trees and cultivated varieties callus has formed and there has been total of Chinese camellias. including the selection rejection of the graft. alld breedillfi ofnew varieties. 63 GREEN TEA IS GOODENOUGH TO EAT

Herb Short

~~~tlUr~it~ LE THE VERT PEUT SE MANGER GRUNER TEE 1ST GUT GENUG ZUM ESSEN ~1!Hj:~T0 t ~ft ~

In addition to being drunk as a beverage, atherogenic and antiobesity effects, just to the best of green tea can be eaten in cereal, mention a few," according to Christoph chewed in chewing gum, brushed onto teeth Riegger, project manager of Teavigo. as a tooth paste, used as a mouth spray and In 2003, Teavigo was introduced in Asian taken in dietary supplements. DSM Nutritional and Latin American countries. In early 2004 it Products, based in Basel, Switzerland, is was introduced in the USA and later in the extracting the major green tea catechin and is year in Europe. DSM provides customers with marketing it in its trademarked product, model formulations for various products, as Teavigo, to consumer product companies well as technical assistance. worldwide. Chewing gums, heverages, cereal bars and In many scientific studies, a clear link has dietary supplements have been introduced in been established between drinking green tea countries such as South Korea, Japan, South and a lower risk of heart diseases and cancer. Africa and China, where green lea is a Researchers have found that the main traditional drink. DSM points out that a compounds at work in green tea are a subgroup consumer survey in 2003 showed that in Japan, of the f1avonoids, called the catechins ­ green tea consumption by young people is specifically the catechins (-)-epicatechin decreasing, although awareness of the health gallate and (-)epigallocatechin gallate (1996 benefits of green tea is still high. In countries Journal, p.75-76). outside Asia, green tea is often not appreciated DSM has focused on the second of the two, because of its taste. DSM says the excellent EGCG, because it "exerts an impressive taste properties ofTeavi go offer opportunities number of activities including antimicrobial, to include the major active component ofgreen anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti- tea in a broad range of food products.

OH ~OH

H0q)0I '~~l""U OH OHh- OYr0H""0 yOH OH Cereal bars containing green lea catechin. Chemical formula of (-)epigallocalechin gallate. 64 POTUS THElE [THE DRINK OF TEA]

[Editor's Note: This dissertation, Potus Thele, was presented in Latin on 7 December 1765 in Uppsala, Sweden, by Peter C. TillleuS of Vestmanland, with D.D. Carl V. Linne, Professor of Medicine and Botany at Uppsala, as Chairman. It appeared in Latin in Linne's "Amoenitates Academicle" (Academic Delights), Vol. 7, p.236, Stockholm, 1769. A copy was obtained by the late Dr. Klaus Peper and he planned a reprint for Verlag Kamelien.de, Homburg Saar, Germany. This English translation ofthe Latin text is by Gordon Stewart on the commission of the editor. It is published here as a tribute to Dr. Peper and his many contributions to camellia history. The italics and capital letters of the text, as published in 1769, have been retained. The botanical Latin of the 1769 text also has been retained with the exception of thele, which has been changed to tea. Carolus Linnleus, who developed the binomial system of plant nomenclature, created the genus Camellia, which he named for Georg Joseph Camel, and the genus Thea, which was not maintained as a separate genus. Linnleus was ennobled in 1761 and took the name Carl von Linne.]

When I saw that those parts ofthe Diet which deal with the drinks ~fCoffee & Chocolate, published most recently by colleagues, had not lacked public applause, I decided with myself that the story ofa drink very common among ourfellow countrymen, TEA, I say, an INFUSION and not one previously described by them, would also be handed on. Although I honestly knew that more writings had existed in different languages about the drink Coffee & Tea than about any other subject, yet since with knowledge the force ofthe argument requires these things, how all parts ofit are represented with all the clarity that there can be, I therefore took it in mind to setforth afew things about the drink ofTea, & in these things, I informed myself, there is no reason to doubt about the kindness and equally the favour ofthe Reader in receiving this little work. Being determined in this business, three things to be observed come to me: The story, namely of natural Tea and its Use, both in the Medical and the common field.

1. THE NAME.

In enquiring from where the name of Tea is taken I shall not be expansive as to whether our drink derives its outlandish name from the Tsjaa of the Japanese or the Theh of the Chinese, which seems very probable, or that the Botanists have taken this Latin appellation from the oEa of the Greeks for the reason that our Ancestors believed this bush to be in divine cultivation, I leave the enquiring to others. The GENUS was first of all rightly distinguished by the Chairman, & in Genera plantarum, edit. 6, No. 668 it is set out. TEA CAL. Perianthium in six parts, very small, flat: withfolioles round, blunt, continuous. COR. Six petals, roundish, concave, equal, large. STAM. Filaments- numerous (about two hundred), filiform, shorter than the corolla. Antherce single. 65

PIST. Germen spherico-triangular. Stylus pointed, with the length of the stamens. Stigma triple. GER. Capsule combined from three spheres, like a triple box, opening three ways at the apex. SEM. are single, spherical, angled inwards.

Therefore this bush is from the Class Polyandrire, the order Monogynire, distinguished from the others by its Generic Character Three-berry capsule. SPECIES. It was commonly believed that only one species was given, from where all the leaves are taken for making the drink; but in the Chairman's Species plantarum two species are accepted, namely Thea Bohea & viridis, so similar to each other that they would only be taken for varieties, because Th. Bohea had oval leaves, Th. viridis had more oblong ones, if a greater difference had not been seen in the flower, with six petals in Th. Bohea, nine in Th. viridis.

II. DESCRIPTION.

STEM the bush is of human height, branchy from bottom to top: with alternate branches, rambling, slightly rigid, becoming ashen, but at the tops slightly reddening, round. LEAVES alternate, with stalk, ovalised oroval, consistent, perennial, left-side, blunt, sen'ated, but at the base very solid, veined underneath, but smooth, green on both sides. STALKS very short, semicylindrical, curved underneath, flat with little channel on top. HAULMS none. BUDS pointed, curved, reddening: the little scale on the outside being deciduous, the others to be expanded into leaves. PEDICLES axillary ofthe leaves, single, more rarely twin, bare, with one flower: The flowers being white. FRUIT downward facing, three-berried from spherical. SEEDS with the size of a Hazel core, but rounded.

Other things as in Generic Character. Observe: we see the most numerous flowers of both species dried, but that Thea viridis rejoices in nine petals, but Thea bohea in six; we quote this notfrorh our own experience, but infaith ofCl. Hill. .

III. SYNONYMS.

I think it superfluous to enumerate the very many SYNONYMS given both by those who have seen the bush and by those by whom it was not seen, being content just with those which are listed in Spec. plantar, as the better ones.

THEA. Hart. Cliff. 204. Syst. Nat. 593. Mat. Med. 264. Thee. Kremph. jap. 605. t. 606. Thee bush. Barth, act. 4. p.l t.l. Bont. jav. 87. t.88. Barr. rar. 128 t.904. Thee of the Chinese. Breyn. cent. III. t. 112. ic. 17. t. 3. Chaa. Bauh. pin. 147. Oriental nut bearing tree related to the Evonymus, with pink flower. Pluk. AIm. 139. t.88. f. 6. 66

Among the ORAWINGS, the first is that of Bartholinus, not illustrating this bush much, as drawn from a dry specimen. The second of Bontius, made namely in India itself, where the bush was able to be seen, is too little better than the previous one. That of Plukenet can first of all be approved. That of Breyn is so far better, & that of Kcempjer is the best of all, both regarding the drawing itself and as a total description of the bush.

IV. PLACE.

It grows, as known so far, in China & Japan, on the hillsides & chiefly on the banks ofrivers, but likes neither stagnant water nor too much Sun. It is found from Canton as far as Peking in China, which is to be wondered at. The city of Peking is distant by the same length from the pole and from Rome, but the Eastern regions are far colder than our European ones, so much so that the Roman Catholics, setting up meteorological observations of Peking, contend that the cold there is much bitterer than in Stockholm. Tea in the Academic garden seems to stand the heat very well, even in winter, though not the most intense, and when through the sumnier it was put under a bank of earth, it flourished the same as the other Indian trees, but it has not yet been allowed to expose it to the cold of winter.

V. PREPARATION.

It is the leaves of this bush which form the Infusion ojTea, picked with the fingers, one after the other, the younger ones also, they were considered all the better. These, on the same day on which they are picked, & recent ones, are spread out on iron sheets, put in a hot oven, it is necessary that they should be protected from smoke and when they have begun to sweat well they are frequently turned by hand & are dried, and for cao'ying out this job well, experienced hands are required. Anyone who desires to read more in this matter should broach Kcempjer's Fasciculi Amoenitatum exoticarum, page 618 if, Geoffr. Mat. med. 2. p.276 where also the instruments belonging to this do not escape the reader. There is a report in the mouth of several people that in China the Tea leaves are infused and then dried again before they are transported to us; but the rumour is not based on any foundation and seems to owe its origin to the custom of the Chinese of infusing the leaves of the first collection in boiling water before they are put in the oven to be dried. But this is done with such speed that scarcely are they immersed in water when they are pulled out again. The best prepared leaves must be included and preserved, so that no more unpleasant foreign smell reaches them, by which they would become ofless value and which they most easily of allattract. Itis indeed worthy of note that the Chinese all collect their workshop plants when they are still quite tender, but in our places they only collect them fully grown.

Several years ago the Chairman received, brought here from China, a Pharmaceutical set which totally consisted of their workshop plants, but all collected when tender and before even the tlowers showed themselves breaking out, so that it was in no way possible that he should determine them. That it maybe permitted to me, a doctor, to observe this, that thePharmacopoea of the Chinese is mostly filled with simples & very simple plants, which are each pronounced as specific to their own disease, to such an extent that a sick man, having seen the disease under 67

which he is labouring, immediately asks for that plant from the workshop which they know is a remedy for that disease, and receiving a handful from it, afterwards infused in boiling water, like Tea, he drinks it down. And so the whole of their Medicine is Practical and Empirical, not founded on any Theory. They seek use, paying no attention to strength and mode of action. But these very simple medicines, proved among them by several centuries' experience, would indeed add a by no means minimal increase to our European medicine if some wise Doctor, at .the same time knowledgeable about Botany, wished to make ajourney to these peoples, chiefly for that purpose that he should make familiar to himself the genera and species of medicinal plants and the diseases in which they are used; which must be the care ofevery Doctor very keen to increase his knowledge with new findings.

VI. ORIGIN.

By what chance Tea first began to be in use in China and Japan it is not now the business of my institute to explain, let it suffice that they said that this drink was received there from the most ancient times. And I do not quote the stories about their holy man Danna, as mythical, by which, some hundred years after the birth of Christ, they state that he was the discoverer of the drink & that the bush had grown from his eyebrows. It is very probable that necessity was the first mistress of this drink. For, noticing that the impure water which they boiled to make it healthier became tasteless and insipid with boiling, they observed infusing in it the leaves of various plants to make it tastier and at the same time less debilitating and, having tried various plants, that a both pleasanter & less medicated taste was imparted to it by the leaves ofTea. Also the most elegant manner they used in drinking this infusion, with their murrine vessels most beautifully painted, could not fail to stimulate the eyes of the Europeans, so much that they not only tasted this drink, but also brought it with them to Europe as the most superior. But it is not to be wondered at that it was received with such keenness by the Europeans, for since nobody of our people except the merchants setout for these regions, they only carried out the work to insinuate this drink in the European nations, paying attention to the custom with which these peoples are impetuously seized in imitating other people's manners, & to the gain accruing to themselves therefrom.

VII. RECORD.

TULPIUS, the very learned Doctor and Consul in Amsterdam, was among the first, who in 1641 communicated to the European world this note about Tea, which he himself received. His words are: nothing is believed to be healthier than this herb, both for prolonging lile into late old age and for preventing any impairments of health; it is believed to take away gallstone, tiredness, etc. Evidently it inhibits sleep, so that taking solutions o.lthis boiled you seem at times to spend whole nights in working and to conquer the invincible need to sleep. The chiefmen do not refrainfrom boiling the herb for friends, and in their palaces there are kept curious jars, funnels, tripods, cups etc. boughtfor some thousands o.l gold pieces.

The French Doctor and Botanist JONCQUET, in the year 1657 in explicaliones stirpium [explanations of plants], has contributed the greatest eulogy of Tea. The divine herb, he says, is believed the love o.l the sun, into which it thus pours the healthy juices (~lAmbrosia, so that whoever drinks down a decoction ofthis thinks to himsellthat he has received the medicine o.f 68 old age etc. Doctors afterwards extolled the virtue of the drink of Tea to the skies, first the Dutch, putting down Physiology, which they considered most stable and sure, in the place of a foundation. They affirmed that Life consists in the circulation of the Blood, and thus the thinner and more diluted the blood can be made, the more easily it would pass through the smallest vessels and anastomoses, (of which Theory that popular error has persisted among very many people, that thick blood is unhealthy, but thin is more healthy, even though they observe every day thatthe blood is thicker in the strongest men, and thinner in the sickly and Leucophlegmatic), for which reason nothing can be more useful than to dilute the mass of blood frequently with a very thin infusion of Tea. From here BONTEKOE (a Belgian) in the treatise on human life [in German] proceeds with so much temerity that he asks everyone every day to drink as much as can be got down, beginning with eight or ten cups & getting through as much as the throat & stomach can take & the bladder discharge, whether it be morning, noon, evening or night. WALSCHMID hands down another hyperbolic encomium ofTea in reports ofTea [in German], which is based on the same foundation. From what has been said I should have thought it apparent enough that it was no wonder that this drink approved by so many and so great men had been well received by the Europeans at the start, and obtained their favour.

VIII. SUBSTITUTES.

Since in the beginning Tea had rightly seemed to very many of too great price, as many Europeans as possible strove therein, to tryout the leaves of certain indigenous plants, whether they were potent with the same virtue as Tea, so that they could conveniently be substituted in place of Tea. The Doctors call these the Substitutes, of which so far none has pleased. Simon Pauli, a Doctor and Botanistfrom Germany unrolling someleaves ofTea, said that they accorded in shape and size with our MYRICA Gale (Fl. Sv. 907.), and hearing that Tea was a Bush, believed these were only the leaves ofthis bush. He also tries to show in a special little work that the same Tea.grows in Europe as the one which we see to being brought to us from India at so great a price and that it, previously boiled and dried so that everything bitter and smelly is extracted, does not so much show the same use as genuine Tea, but he asserted that it was the same plant; but in this his opinion was mistaken. Among our Fellow-countrymen there were some who considered the leaves of Acacia silvestris or of PRUNI spinosa (Fl. Sv. 432.) as a substitute for Tea, others asserted that the leaves of ORIGANUM vulgate (F1. Sv. 534.) infused in boiling water and dried again are ahead of Tea in taste; but not so a certain Norwegian by nation, he took the little leaves ofRubus arcticus (Fl. Sv. 448.), to be used in the manner ofTea; but what he inculcated to be in the minds of nearly all as the most suitable substitute is Veronica, made famous by Franzius in a little work which calls Veronica Theezans. I do not refuse due honour to our VERONICiE officinalis (Fl. Sv. 12.), but I contend that used for a daily drink it is too stiptic and astringent; hence also the Berliners in their transactions deservedly substituted in its place VERONICAM Chamaedryn (Fl. Sv. 18.), or as still better than it VERONICAM prostrata, if ever a custom once accepted can be disproved by reason & demonstrations. The Spaniards extol in place of Tea their own CHENOPODIUM ambrosioides, and they frequently use it; the French once commended CAPRARIA biflora, the famous Botanist D. lussireus an infusion ofPRINI glabri or Apalachines of the Americans. But so far all the things tried to this end have been in vain, the world no less rejoices in its infusion of Tea, which is used between the daily meals, not only by all in Europe of the nobler rank, but also by people of the lowest class, so much so that it is imbibed in the morning time & often in the evening. But do not believe that it is only used in Europe, for the other three parts of the world have no experience 69 of it. In the whole of East India, in Africa, to the Cape of Good Hope, in America, Mexico, Surinam, to the northern region of the world Tornore, indeed almost through the whole world, this drink is most accepted. Willy nilly we must also admit that none of the substitutes so far discovered is superior in taste to Tea. IX. QUALITY.

The drink which we prepare from Tea is only a simple infusion of the leaves, extracted from boiling water, to which being taken afterwards a little Sugar is added, and often Milk, so that it becomes of sweeter taste. If we wish rightly to know the strength with which this infusion is potent, we must make a distinction between the effect ofTea I) looked at in itself, 2) mixed with hot water & sugar. The odour of TEA, at least as brought to us, is too little volatile in itself, and thus in this respect it does not seem to have much effect on the nerves. The taste, which by unanimous consent they call Herbaceous, is weak, dry herbaceous & mixed with styptic, to the extent that Tea dust infused in a solution of Vitriol or acidulous water colours the mixture black. This styptic property of Tea is in question because it is in some way corroborative & drying the fibres, & the infusion is evacuated from the body more quickly than water alone, not imbued with the leaves. More frequently drunk without milk & sugar, it shows almost the same effect as cleansing Decoctions ofwoods, by making the fibres narrower and thinner, and therefore it is also included by the Doctors under the group of attenuating medicines. Hence it very greatly benefits the obese and the fatter people, but it harms the lean and languid, who from too big an imbibing of this infusion soon perceive a certain unpleasant sensation internally. This is also proved by the observations of Hermann & Grimm made in India, teaching that strenuous Tea drinkers have finally got into Marasma, which is a very great testimony about the attenuating and drying quality of Tea. We find Tea, considering it Botanically, in the middle between the COLUMNIFERAS & TRICOCCAS, for Tea and Camellia are so similar in the leafy bush that they can scarcely be distinguished except by the flower & especially the calyx. Camellia & Stevartia are connected by the same affinity as Stevartia & Tilia, but among other things Suppleness, alternate leaves, Stalks etc. persuade us that these are to be classified in the order of Columnifera. But on the other hand the tricocca:, so distinct from the others, claim Tea for the'mselves, as being marked by the same character: three-berryfruit. Hence the conjecture would easily have to be made that Tea in its first creation owes its origin to a tricocca fertilised by a certain Columnifera. Since it is found subsequently that very many plants ofthe Classes Polyandrire aremore orless poisonous, a priori the same is deservedly foretold of Tea. But experience testifies that many plants are given which are harmless when tender, poisonous when more mature. Thus we eat URTICAM dioicam (Fl. Sv. 863.) in spring in kitchen gardens, the tribes of North America use PHYTOLACCAM in the springtime in broths, which in midsummer is lethal, just as the Medelpadi (FI. lapp. p. 179) cook ACONITUM itself when it first bursts out of the ground. Let the same reason of arguing prevail about Tea also, since its most recent and tenderest leaves soon undergo the strongest roasting, so that the malignity, if there is anyin them, can be reduced in this way. We shall test this by example. We know that the strongest purgatives, such as: GRATIOLA, ASARUM etc., cooked for longer, discharge diuretics so much, losing their purgative force. The root of JATROPHlE Mandiuccre, the most poisonous of all, by cooking so puts aside its poisonous force that the Peruvians afterwards make a very healthybread from it. The stories of Ka:mpfer and others also accord with this; which show that the inhabitants 70 themselves did not dare to prepare an infusion from the leaves of Tea before they were at least one year old in order to be able to be sure about their malignant quality being lost.

X. DRINKING.

Here also the quality ofthe WATER, the other constituent part of the Infusion of Tea, comes to be considered. Everything hot and at the same time wet makes fibres flaccid & more loose, as can be seen in all external poultices. The use of cold water strengthens the stomach and the bowels, makes an appetite for food, & promotes evacuations; on the other hand hotter liquids weaken the stomach, ruin the appetite and prevent excretions. The words of Pliny are worthy, which are quoted. No animal, he says, except man seeks hot drinks, and so they are not natural. All animating beasts, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, when fed with hot foods, become so weak and lame that they can hardly walk. The Roman tribes once were so enervated by their hot drink shops that they sanctioned abstaining from them by law. But what need is there of such ancient testimony? For we see the daily frequenters of Coffee houses languid & infirm. More things in this matter seek to be said, which we now pass over, freedom having been made for us by the Author of the Dissertation, under the guidance of the Chairman concerning the use ofhot and cold things. I shall add only one thing, that hot Water not only takes away the strength more, but also it is eliminated from the body with greater ditIiculty if leaves of Tea are not added, which drive out the urine. Sugar added to the infusion sweetens the humours and their sharper particles, makes the fibres looser and to a great extent consumes the drying and attenuating force of Tea, so much that the. drink imbibed with sugar is much healthier. But the manner, in sugared ones also, must be looked at, lest they debilitate by their manner.

XI. STRENGTH.

It is pleasing to mention in a few words the strength of Tea, tried subsequently. It extinguishes thirst, it cleans the blood from impurities & it surpasses the other drinks therein because it does not easily contract sourness in the summer time. It benefits scurvy sL~fferers by washing away their wrong blood, and also it very greatly benefits the Sedentary & those addicted to Gluttony, in whom the mass of blood has become more impure from scarcely too much movement or the acid of wine. As regards the infusion, it drives out the urine, washes out the kidneys, frees from gallstone. By the Chinese themselves it is chiefly praised in Typhomania & Cataphora, which are commonly called Waking & sleepy coina, with Hermann in lap. lyd. 11 agreeing. In Convulsions, also from Smallpox & Measles, the infusion of this is pronounced with the greatest praises in Eph. Nat. Cur. dec 3 ann. lobs. 16. 18. Without Sugar and Milk it is l'ecommended in Somnolence & Polysarchia, but certainly without milk it does not suit the emaciated, nor those suffering from Diarrhoea, although it is 'commonly recommended. To encompass everything in a word: no vehicle is given in medicines for drinking that is more suitable than this, nor indeed does any other drink please more in fevers, not to speak of the fact that this can be made up more quickly. But as everything in excess is harmful, so the immoderate use of Tea produces troubles that are no slighter in number. This boiling drink has in common with all liquids taken hot that it harms the teeth, for from too much use of it they become black, fragile and carious. All are agreed that the stomach is weakened by frequent infusion of Tea, and also that births are made more difficult. At least among the wild tribes of North America in more recent time and having received Tea, noted 71 from it three troubles never previously known to them, namely Rotten teeth, Diseases (~l the stomach & Difficult hirths, as C I. Kahn is a witness; for before the use of Tea, without much feeling of pain, and alone, not needing the help of others, the women were able to bring forth their babies. In the larger cities, such as Hamburg, Amsterdam, etc. we observe that the nobler women, but not all, indulging in the Drink of Tea for almost the whole day, suffer from Leucorrhoea. The Doctors put the cause of this ailment in too much use of Tea, which those adjudge unsuitable who considered Tea's force of weakening greatest when combined with leisure. In three;' and those different diseases the Chinese declare Tea harmful, in all Ophthalmic diseases, in Colic & Paralysis. The man ofblessed memory Boerhavius frequently observed the illness in Holland, less known among the old, where the sick man felt a sort of rather hard, continuous tubercle in the oesophagus; in the dissected corpses he saw certain glands obstructed and schirrhous, which, thus hardened, he ascribed to too much hot drink of Tea. For the rest, in Borhorygmas, Anorexia, Cachexia, Drop,y and the other diseases arising from weak fibre, he opposes it. Tobacco being so commonly received in many nations, it also began to be in use because the eastern tribes receiving the Tobacco smoke with an open mouth drink an infusion of Tea over it, for the purpose of restoring with this fluid the humours which the Tobacco evacuated, which custom does not lack aJl use in diseases of contagion.

XII. TRADE.

Since the custom has now so obtained among us Europeans that Tea has become a luxury commodity, there will not further be an investigation of the effect and use of it, for an inveterate custom never allows itself to be changed by reasons. Tea, which must be acquired from the remotest Indies at a very great price is yet bought, hence ships from the whole of Europe are sent to China every year so that they may return loaded with leaves (~fTea in murrine vessels & with Silk. But in the more recent period plantations of Mulberry and cultivation of silk in southern Europe have obtained so great an increase that there will one day be a time in which we need no fU11her silk to be brought back from China. The method also of making the murrine vessels not just in Saxony, Prussia, France and in our country has so turned out refined goods that in shape and colour they surpass the Chinese vessels. But so faronly the Chinese claim for themselves the leaves ofTea. It is pleasant to see that the Europeans, the wisest of all, have occupied foreign lands, and the most remote in America, and have there with the great~stlabour dug out the most valuable silver and in transporting this to Europe have incurred the greatest danger and with no less danger transport the same to another part of the world, East India just for the sake of bringing back the leaves of a certain bush. All domestic things and utensils in China were formerly made of silver, except the foods & the work which the inhabitants of Mongolia bring them in obtaining Silk they reward with pure silver. These blind Mongolians dig all their treasuresinto the earth before death, thinking that the use of them wiJl be granted to them in the future life, so much that that same silver which is dug out of the bowels of one part of the earth is again committed to another. By chance there may be a future time when a certain Prince, occupying the empire of Mongolia, will see to that being dug out again and sent to Peru, for the turns of things are alternate.

XIII. TRANSPORT

The Chairman, who explained this quite extensively in Iter Westgothicum p.156, sat upon it for twenty years so that he might chiefly see to the transporting of the Tea bush to Europe and 72 his country. He committed seeds ofit to the earth twenty times, but without any success because they were all exhausted and unsuitable for germination, which happens very often in China itself, so that from five or more dropped into one furrow of earth hardly one or the other germinates. As they suddenly become very oily, even rancid, which is not to be wondered at, since they twice cross the equinoctial line. Then he asked Professor Gmelinus p.m., with a column of Muscovites making a journey to China (Caravan) to see that they were brought across; but they could not be obtained in this way, for to each single Muscovite brought to the wall two Chinese were given to observe all his actions, not to say that their journey was lasting two years. Then he thought that live bushes could be obtained from China with ships returning, but in this he made a loss ofhis opinion. Pastor Osbeck, bringing back a single bush ofTea from China to our country, handed it over on this side of the promontory Cape of Good Hope, but some whirlwind or other, arising suddenly, cast it from the deck of the ship into the sea. Commercial Councillor Lagerstrom brought two bushes to the Uppsala garden, which flourishes very well for the space of two years, but the flowers at last bursting out betrayed the trick of the Chinese by showing that the bush was not Tea, but Camellia. They were so similar to Tea that they could deceive the eyes of the most skilful Botanist of all, but the leaves appear somewhat wider, & this was said to set out from a foreign place. Afterwards the work ofa certain favourer, a single bush came to Gothenburg with the greatest difficulty, but placed on the table of a room of the fore part of the ship (Cajutan) in the evening by sailors rushing to the long desired city, it was so damaged at night by ship's mice that it died. Finally the Chairman was the persuader of the most honourable and most keen Captain Carl Gustav Ekeberg to commit recent seeds, shortly before the departure of the ship from China, to a pot of earth, whereby, on the journey, after the ship crossed the equator, before arrival at Gothenburg, they germinated. This so happened to him that, the ship having reached Gothenburg, all the plants were takenup, halfofwhich were soon sentto Uppsala but perished on the way, but he himself brought the other half here in 1763 on the 3rd day ofthe month ofOctober, ofwhich the cotyledons ofthe seeds were still adhering to individual .plants; two of these are still cheerfully growing and present themselves to be looked at here. In the gardens of Europe, but not all botanic, a Tea bush is shown, (Cassine), but between this & genuine Tea there is a very great difference, nor did it grow in any botanic garden before it was brought here. In a certain public story of last month we read that the Abbot Gallovius brought Tea with him from the land of China and offered it to the King as the first seen in Europe,'but it is agreed, from what has been said before, that the honour is due to our fellow countrymen; but that bush first brought from the Royal Garden of the French was not genuine, as it appears from the dry leaf transmitted. Since Tea can stand the most intense cold of Peking, what is to prevent it from withstanding our winters also? Its fellow countryman, Syringa vulgaris, is accustomed to our Climate, the same as Cherry and Plum. With the few Tea bushes that we have, it was not allowed to institute experiments, for they must be cared for, as shoots are hoped for, with which they can be transplanted. If Tea plantations, as they can be, were cultivated, at last after half a century, the Chinese would clearly get no gain from exporting the leaves of their bushes. At the time when Coffee was a monopoly of the Arabs, almost the whole world paid tribute to them. At last through the work of the Amsterdam Consul Witsen it ceased. Let us wish with our whole heart for the same loss of profit for the Chinese, so that once we may be liberated from their tribute.

THE END. 73 NEW REGISTRATIONS ~:mifsH.#!lia 'Y /~~fT~.JlJflI NOUVEAUX ENREGISTREMENTS NEUE REGISTRJERUNGEN

No. 43: Pamela Wilson (Cx williamsii) Originated in Sidmouth, U.K., by Mr. Bernard B. Jones. Open-pollinated seedling of J C Williams. First tlowered 2003 at circa 5 years, an upright and open shrub of medium growth rate. Blooms early-late season, red to deep pink, cup-shaped single 6<.:m x6cm, golden stamens. Spent blooms fall whole. Named for the daughter of Bernard and Ellen Jones. (Applied fiJr regisTration April 2004.)

No. 44: Souvenir De Ferdinand Favre (Cjaponica) Originated in Carquefou, France, by M. Alfred LeMaitre. Sport of Roi des Belges (Syn. Lavinia Maggi Rosea Var). First observed 1994, first propagated 1995, with 100% stability. An upright shrub of medium growth rate. Blooms over a long period mid-very late season (April­ June), red (RHS Colour Chart 45D) formal double, all petals finely fimbriated, 4-5 crn x 8-11 cm. Named in honour of Ferdinand Favre, 18th-19th Century French politician, and the first person to introduce camellias to Nantes. (Applied for regisTraTion JUlie 2004.)

No. 45: Annavari (Cjaponica) Originated in Mahalon, France, by M. Eugene Tanneau. Open-pollinated seedling. First flowered 1996 at circa 8 years, an upright shrub of medium growth rate. Blooms mid-season, red-pink (RHS Colour Chart 52b) with radiating lighter stripe mid petal, rose-form double.) cm x 10 cm. Spent blooms shatter. Named for M. Tanneau's wife; "Annavari" in the Breton language is the equivalent to "Anne Marie" in French. (Appliedfor registration June 2004.) 74

No. 46: Rose Du Steir (C.reticulma possibly hybrid) Originated in Quemeneven, France, by M. Herve Ollivier. Open-pollinated seedling ofMouchang. First tlowered 1995 at circa 5 years. an upright shrub of rapid growth rate. Blooms mid-season (March-April), pink flat semI-double form 5 cm x 12 cm. Spent blooms fall whole. Named for the small stream, the Steil', near the garden of M. Olliver; it flows into the River Odet near Quimper. then to the sea in Benodet. (Applied for registration June 2004.)

No. 47: Casimir (C.japonica) Originated in Carquefou, France, by M. Alfred LeMaitre. Open-pollinated seedling of Higo camellia Yamato Nishiki. First flowered 2000 at circa 4 years, a prostrate bushy shmbofi'apid growth rate. Young foliage may show brown stripes or spots. Blooms mid-season (March), white/ red (RHS 46D) Higo-type single 4 cm x II cm. Typical Higo with circa 150 stamens. Spent blooms fall whole. (Flower is similar but distinct from C.japonica Daikanho.) Received its name when the first flower on the new cultivar opened on March 4, the feast day of 51. Casimir. (Appliedfor registration June 2004.)

ICS Cultivar Registrations were unfortunately ornilled in the International Camellia Joul'llal in 2002 and 2003. Please note the following Registration numbers:

2002 Journal, pp. 86-87 37: C.japonica Pastel Shades 30: C.reticulata hybrid 38: C.japonica Professor Klaus Peper Agnes de Lestaridec (also see p.53) 31: C.japonica Inopinata della Valcosa 39: C.japonica Roscanvel 32: C.japonica Jack Jones Scented 33: C.hybrid Ma Belle 2003 Journal, p.l 00 34: C.japonica Mervyn Newman 40: C.japonica Jose Gil 35: C.japonica Nicola Costaras 41: C.japonica Kiki Do Casal 36: C.japonica Nicholas Costaras 42: C.japonica Clara Gil de Seabra 75 IN THE REGIONS

~1R~:IIjJ)fZ;/]~

TOUR DES REGIONS IN DEN REGIONEN

Our Internet address: www.camellia-ics.org Dr. Klaus Peper, who established and maintained the ICS website in inimitable style, died in June 2004 (see p.53). In the autumn, I took over his duties as web editor for the ICS; and have begun updating the site. All suggestions for material to be included, or information needed, will be gratefully received. At the same time, I am encouraging ICS regions to consider establishing a regional website linked to the ICS. There are already four established sites: ICS Australia, managed by Kylie Waldon ([email protected]); ICS Benelux, managed by Roger van Loon ([email protected]); ICS Germany, managed by Waldemar Max Hansen ([email protected]); ICS UK, managed by ChrisLoder [email protected]. The ICS will give as much assistance as possible or as requested. But the nice thing about this arrangement is that each region's website is completely aiJtonomous, reflecting the interests, growing conditions, and activities of the local membership. It may be that anational society becomes the main camellia website for that country - in that case, we welcome links, and will urge those societies to work with theICS region's directors and members for complete coverage of our wonderful flower. Pat Short, ICS Web Editor [email protected]

BENELUX In early March 2004, 23 Belgian and 13 Dutch members went on the region's first trip ever, visiting private and public gardens, and nurseries on a four-day tour of Brittany with Jeannette Bleaney as our guide. The private gardens ofthe Berberian families and their neighbours were beautiful; the Lucs' collection ofHigos was exceptional; the Lamezecs' garden was stuffed with huge japonicas and reticulatas; and the crisp garden of the well-known local nurseryman Raymond Grall was enjoyed by everyone. There were visits to the nurseries of the Goarant brothers: Louis' specialising in phormiums and magnolias, and Paul's in camellias. At the Stervinou nursery, we met the founder, Alain's father, and discovered an assortment of camellia species, as well as some fragrant hybrids. Needless to say, plants were acquired. At Trevarez we saw the great number of camellias planted by Jeannette Bleaney in memory ofher late husband Paul. Wealso visited the outstanding botanical garden ofStangalar at Brest, which holds a special collection of camellia species. In the glasshouses we sawC.nitidissima - alas, without blooms. No trip could be without a visit to a camellia exhibition and this was done at Roscanvel, 76

where the loca,l Club Breton organised an outstanding show and camellia sale. Our members returned home with cars crammed with new acquisitions. Marc de Coninck

On 27 March 2004, the Dutch branch organised a gathering at the Trompenburg Arboretum 'in Rotterdam. About 50 members of our region were present and there were more than 500 visitors to the camellia exhibition, which included more than 100 cultivars, camellia flower arrangements, a photo exhibition and book stall. There were guided tours of the arboretum and during the afternoon, visitors could buy plants at the special shop of our nurseryman member Sjaak van der Voort. Our special thanks to Jan Kortmann and Sjaak van der Voort and their wives for this beautiful day. George Seppen

The first autumn gathering was on 6 November at Guy Van Rysseghem's nursery. There were demonstrations on the treatment of cuttings and seeds for successful propagation, and films on the ICS Congress in Locarno, the 2003 Congress in Jinhua and our trip to Brittany.

InApril 2005, 30cultivars will beplanted in ourNational CamelliaCollection atStuyvenberg Park in Brussels. So far, 104 old Belgian cultivars have been traced throughout the world. We are very grateful to all those helping us.

Our regional website in Dutch, French and English has been started up by our webmaster, Roger van Loon, with the help of our archivist, Lucas Dhaeze. Please be welcome on: http://users.pandora.be/roger.van.loon/ics/en.htm

CHANNEL ISLANDS The Royal Jersey Agricultural & Horticultural Show will be held on 2-3 April. There will be a section on camellias. For further information contact Maxine Ferguson, Brookvale, Le rue du Pont, St. John, Jersey JE3 4FF. E-mail: [email protected]

CHINA 1-7 March 200S - 2nd International Symposium on Camellia Nitidissimd in Merryland, Guilin, Guangxi Province. 1March: Openingceremony and technical papers. 2March: Technical papers and visit to the camellia garden. 3 March: Travel to Nanning and visit Camellia Chrysantha Park. 4 March: Visit Liangfeng Jiang National Forest Park, Camellia nitidissima natural conservation area. 5 March: Tours to Seven Star Park, Reed Flute Cave, Elephant Trunk Hill and Fubo Hill. 6 March: Li River cruise to Yangshuo. 1-31 March 200S - 5th Camellia Show of China at the Theme Park, Merryland, Guilin. The yellow camellia will be the theme of this national show for the first time. The show will be sponsored by the CamelliaBranch ofthe ChinaFlowerAssociation, the Forestry Administration of Guangxi Province, the Flower Association of Gunagxi and the Taiwan Camellia Circle.The exhibition area is 200,000 square meters; there will be 10,000 camelliabasins and 1,000 camellia varieties. Since the International Camellia Congress of2003 in Jinhua, there has been great enthusiasm 77

Benelux: Marc de Coninck presents camellia Benelux: De Coninck and Waller Terryn to the Caudans in their garden in Brittany. with Brittany's Andre Luc.

China: Shi Defra, China's Membership Representative, rcs Vice President Pat Shon. China Director Tim Shao and Du YlIeqiang, forestry engineer in charge of Camellia Culture Garden in Jinhua.

China: Camellia millulij70ra makes a low. fragrant grollndcover in Camellia Culture Garden. 78

for camellias in China. Propagation is on the rise and sales are soaring. The China Camellia Culture Garden and the International Camellia Species Garden are receiving crowds of visitors. Songs about camellias are becoming popular and works of craftsmanship, art and photography that depict camellias have been appearing in large number. In December 2003, camellia societies in mainland China and Taiwan co-sponsored a symposium in Guilin. More than 100 experts and scholars attended. In March 2004, the 2nd China Camellia Festival and the 1st China Aiqing Poetry Festival was held in Jinhua. The splendid camellias on show inspired the poets to compose all the more . poems. In April 2004, the ancient camellia in Qintong Township, Taizhou City, Jiangsu, reputed to be 800 years old, and the ancient "Ten Thousand Flower Tree" near Lijiang, Yunnan, approximately 300 years old (2003 Journal, back cover), were named "Sister Trees". In March 2005, Quintong will hold a celebration that includes an historic "Dragon Boat Festival" dating back to the Sung Dynasty. "Learn to Grow Camellia with Illustrations" was published in July 2003, and "Famous Camellia Gardens in China" was published in February 2004. Plans are underway for a book based on the species in the International Species Garden in Jinhua. For more information contact Shi Defa, Jinhua Landscape Architecture Administration, 476 Danxi Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321017; e-mail: [email protected]

FRANCE . 26-28 March - The Third Festival of Camellias at Guingamp, Cotes-d'Armor, Brittany (also see p.18).

JAPAN Major camellia activities for 2005 which the Japan Camellia Society is interested in: 13 February...; The Early Blooming Camellia Show will be held by the Kobe Camellia Society at Park Center, Kobe City. 22-27 February - The Higo Camellia Bonsai Show will be held by the Higo Camellia Society atthe site ofthe annual plant market onthe riverbankoftheShirakawaRiver in Kumamoto City. 24-28 February - 14th Camellia Bonsai Show by the Kita-Kyushu Branch of the Japan Camellia Society will be held at the Synthetic Agricultural Center of Kita-Kyushu City. 25-27 February- The Spring Camellia Show will be heldjointly by the Kurume Branch and the Chikushi Branch of the Japan Camellia Society at Ishibashi Memorial Hall in Jurume City. 15-20 March - The Annual Camellia Show of the Nagoya Camellia Society will be held at the Higashiyama Botanical Garden of Nagoya City. 15-21 March - The Spring Camellia Show of the Japan Camellia Society will be held at the Jindai Botanical Park in Huchu City, Tokyo. 27-28 March - "Tsubaki Summit", the annual camellia convention cosponsored by the Japan Camellia Society and one of the local communities which designate camellias as the symbol flower in common, will be in Goto City, Nagasaki Prefecture. The city is located on Fukue Island of the Got6 Archipelago, about 100 km west of Nagasaki City. The Got6 Archipelago abounds in natural forests of wild camellia japonica. Fukue Island is the home of 'Tama-no-ura', the white-bordered single red found by a charcoal burner in 1947 in the wild forest near the town ofTamacno-ura. A painting of 'Tama-no-ura' by the late Paul 79

Jones is the frontispiece in the "International Camellia Register". . The GotO Archipelago is one of the regions where Japanese were converted to the Christian religion by Jesuit missionaries in the 16th century. Itis also where there weremany underground Christians after the Portuguese were expelled in 1637. Today, some of the Catholic churches there have stained glass windows with abstract camellia patterns. Dr. Chuji Hiruki will make a presentation on the subject at the International Camellia Congress in Locarno, Switzerland. 2-3 April- The Spring Camellia Show of the Kobe Camellia Society will be held at Park Center, Kobe City. Mid April - "Kodomo-no-kuni Camellia Festival" will be held in Kodomo-no-kuni, the Children's Park, in Yokohama City. For more information contact Shigeo Matsumoto, 1-7026 Takasu-higashi, WakaIIl:atsu-ku, Kita-Kyushu, 808-0144; e-mail: [email protected]

SPAIN 5-6 December 2004 - The first Early Camellia Show in Spain will be held in the Casa de Cultura de A Cachada, Boiro, beautiful city of the Ria de Arosa in Galicia, sponsored by the councils of Rianxo, Pobra do Caramifial, Boiro and Ribeira. 19-20 February - The II Camellia Show to be held in the Palace of Congreso, La Corufia, Galicia, following the big success last year. 26-27 February - The XLI International Camellia Show will be held this year in Vigo. 26-27 February - Camellia Study Days at Casa de la Cultura de Santa Cruz de Rivadulla, sponsored by Council of Vedra. 5-6 March - Camellia Show "VII Memorial Antonio Odriozola" to be held at Monasterio de Lerez, sponsored by Council of Lerez. 12-13 March - V Camellia Show to be held in Soutomaior Castle, sponsored by Council of Soutomaior. 18 March - Camellia Show in Colegio Campolongo, Pontevedra. 2-3 April-Welcome the First Camellia Showto be held in Asturias, the province adjoining Galicia; organized by the friends of the camellia of Tur6n, and Council of Mieres. The Asociaci6n Espafiola de la Camelia collaborates with all of these shows. Last year, the "XLInternational CamelliaShow" was celebrated in Rontevedra at the Provincial Palace of the Provincial Government of Pontevedra. Officials of Galicia and Japan participated in the 40th anniversary celebration. Katsuyuki Tanaka, lapan's Ambassador to Spain, planted a camellia on the grounds of the Provincial Palace. Andrea Corneo from Itilly and Mary Caroni of Switzerland joined the judging panel. ICS Vice President Pat Short presented a ruby chalice .. for awarding as a prize in future shows. For more information contact Javier Botas Pifi6n, Cabanelas sin. Porto, 15622 Cabafias, La Corufia; e-mail: [email protected]

UNITED KINGDOM Major events of 2005 in which the UK Region will be involved: 15-16 March - Early Camellia Competition, Royal Horticultural Society, Vincent Square, London. 1 April - Exbury Study Day focusing on Cornish and Exbury rhododendron hybrids and Camellia x williamsii hybrids. A tour of Exbury Gardens, near Southampton, will be led by head gardener Rachel Martin and deputy Linda Runnacles. On 2 April, there will be visits to two 80

Spain: Japanese Ambassador Katsuyuki Tanaka plants a camellia at 40th annual show in Pontevedra.

Vietnam: A number of plants of Call1ellia gilbnlii are ready for planting in Vietnam's species garden at Tam Dao.

Vietnam: Seedlings growing in a sheltered location at the species garden in Tam Dao. 81 gardens: Peter Chappel's Spinners at Boldre, and SowleyHouse near Lymington. 2 April- Mount Edgcumbe Day. Mount Edgcumbe, at Torpoint near Plymouth, holds the national camellia collection and gardener Lee Stenning will lead a tour of the gardens. 12-13 April- Main Camellia Competition, Royal Horticultural Society, Vincent Square, London. 23-24 April-ICS & Borde Hill Camellia Celebration and Competition in conjunction with' the Royal Horticultural Society Main Rhododendron and Magnolia Competition, cosponsored by the RHS Southeast Rhododendron, Camellia & Magnolia Group and the RHS. Borde Hill Garden, Balcombe Road, Haywards Heath, Sussex. 13-17 October - Autumn Weekend in Cumbria, held jointly with the RHS Rhododendron, Camellia & Magnolia Group. Based in Grasmere, Cumbria. The 2004 Spring Break on 21-24 March, was based in Dartmouth, Devon. The event, which was organised by Mrs. Elizabeth Scott-Moncrieff, included garden visits arranged by David and Moira Molloy. During the four days, several thousand camellias were seen in full bloom in nine private gardens rarely open to the public. The 2004 Autumn Weekend on 21-24 October was in the Chilterns, northwest of London. Theevent, heldjointly with the RHS Rhododendron, Camellia & Magnolia Groupwas organised by David and Eileen Farnes and Andy and Judith Hallett. Visits included Waddesdon Manor, Waterperry Gardens, which is linked with Oxford University, and the gardens at Ashridge College. Guest speakers included Japanese potter "Gas" Kimishima, who said that camellias are ideal for arranging, and Colonel John Ansell of the Worshipful Company of Gardeners, who talked about small hidden gardens in the City of London. For more information contact Keith Sprague, 329 London Road, St. Albans, Herts. ALl lDZ.

VIETNAM The garden of the National Collection of Vietnamese Camellia Species is beginning to take shape in Tam Dao National Park, about 75 km (45,mi) northwest of Hanoi. ICS Vice President Pat Short and Journal Editor Herb Short visited the site in May. Land had been partially cleared and several species, including large specimens of the endangered yellow-flowered C.gilbertii, were ready for planting. Professor Trail Ninh of the Faculty of Biolo.gy of Hanoi University of Science reported that he had been ill in hospital for several months, but has now recovered and has now completed the planting of 95 plants. He also says that he has discovered four new yellow species. '

For more information on events, contact the membership representative or other officers of that region. ' 82 THE INTERNATIONAL CAlVIELLIA SOCIETY NOTES TO THE 2003 ANNUAL ACCOUNTS

1. The accounts are reported in £ 4. Unsold stocks of Registers are sterling. The only money held other than in estimated to be 140, and Supplements 424. sterling is in Australian currency. Conversion These have a total cost value of £11,924. In rates as at 31 January 2004have been used for accordance with past practice, these stocks theAustralian funds. An exchange gain of have not been valued in the Balance Sheet. £1,017 has been included in the accounts. 5. Accounts for the printing and 2. Interest received includes 12 months distribution of the 2002 Membership Lists, interest on our major term deposit. The 2002 estimated at £1,600, have not been received. accounts included 18 months interest. 6. Interest earned has been apportioned 3. To preserve the Receipts and between the individual Designated Funds and Payments format of the accounts, while Available Funds. incorporating receipts and payments relating to the year 2003, the period covered is from 1 June 2003 to 31 May 2004. 83

THE INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA SOCIETY BALANCE SHEET 2003 2003 2002 £Stg £Stg

Assets Computer Equipment 2,860 2,860 Fully depreciated 2,860 2,860

Current Bank accounts 1,988 6,676 Deposit Bank accounts 53,322 40,220 55,310 46,896

Liability - Creditor

Net Assets 55,117 46,896

The above Net Assets are distributed as follows

Advance Receipts Subscriptions paid in advance 4,131 3,420

Designated Funds Register Fund 17,098 15,813 Life Membership Fund 6,385 6,086 Otomo Research Fund 17,656 16,073 41,139 37,972

Available Funds Opening balance 5,504 4,399 Operating Surplus 3,326 1,105 Exchange revaluation l.OG Closing balance 9,847 5,504

Total ICS Funds 55,117 46,896

In my opinion these Accounts present a true andfair view ofthe financial position ofthe Society as at 3I May 2004. I.A. Rodgers Hon.Auditor 6 August 2004 " 84

THE INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA SOCIETY RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS SUMMARY 2003 i '1 2003 2002 I £Stg £Stg Operating Income Net Subscriptions previous years 1,086 1,302 Net Subscriptions current year 10,808 10,594 Transfer from Life Membership Fund 336 320 Donations 46 6 Journal Sales 55 Interest ~ -----3.Ll 12,538 12,537

Operating Expenditure Journal Printing 5,792 8,984 Journal Freight 3,181 1,739 Journal previous year 163 Administration and Congress Expenses ~ ~ 9,212 11,432

Operating Surplus 3,326 1,105

Designated Funds and Provisions Income Register and Supplement Sales 734 1,447 Register Fund Interest 551 737 Otomo Research Fund Donations 1,607 3,461 Otomo Fund Interest 585 737 Life Membership Subscriptions 418 614 Life Membership Interest 217 295 Subscriptions paid in advance 4,131 3,420 8,243 10,711

Designated Funds and Provisions Expenditure Grant from Otomo Fund 609 603 Transfer from Life Membership Fund 336 320 Transfer from Subscriptions in advance 3,420 3,118 4,365 4,041

Surplus on movements in Designated Funds 3,878 6,670 Gain on Exchange revaluation 1,017

Total Cash Increase for Year 8,221 7,775 t

'v i 85 I.C.S. MEMBERSHIP ICS Members' Subscription Rates current in 200412005 and Membership Representatives to whom yearly subscriptionsshould be paid promptly every January.

Calculation of Subscription Rates for Life Membership (in the case of Double Life Member­ ship, the age of the younger of the two members should be used). Less than 50 years of age, 30 times the annual subscription rate Between 50 and 65 years of age, 20 times the annual subscription rate More than 65 years of age, 15 times the annual subscription rate

AFRICA (R.60, Double R.70) Keith Kirsten, Keith Kirsten Horticultural International, P.O. Box 1458, Fourways, 2055 Gauteng, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]

AUSTRALIA ($19, Double $24) Barry di Salvia, 61 Twynam Street, Narrandera, NSW 2700 E-mail: [email protected]

BENELUX (€I5.50, Double €I 8) Marc De Coninck, Place St. Sebastien 28, B-1420 Braine L'Alleud, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] Assistant Membership Representative for the Netherlands: George Seppen, Bilderdijklaan 54, 1215 BP Hilversum, the Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]

CHANNEL ISLANDS (£ 10.50, Double £13) Maxine Fergusson, Brookvale, La Rue du Pont, St. John, Jersey JE3 4FF. E-mail: [email protected]

CIDNA (RMB 150) Shi Defa, Jinhua Landscape Architecture Administration, 476 DanxiRoad, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321017. E-mail: [email protected]

FRANCE (€I5.50, Double €I 8.00) Max Hill, 30 Chemin du Bois Chaperon, 91640 Briis­ sous-Forges. E-mail: [email protected]

GERMANY/AUSTRIA (€I5.50, Double €I 8.00) RolfTiefenbach, Am Miihlenbach 12,27711 Osterholz-Scharmbeck, Germany

ITALY (€15.50, Double € 18.00) Arch. Mirella Gloria Motta, Via Boccaccio 4, 20123 Milano. E-mail: [email protected]

JAPAN & OTHER REGIONS (¥2400, Double ¥3300) Mr. Tetsushi Tsutsumi, 3-33-14 Naritahigashi, Suginami-ku, Tokyo 166-0015, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]

NEW ZEALAND ($24.50, Double $28) Ron Macdonald, Westwyn, 44 Kelland Road, Waipipi, 3 R D Waiuku

PORTUGAL (€I5.50, Double €I 8.00) Senhora Maria Augusta d' Alpuim, Estrada Exterior da Circunvala~ao, 14262-BI, C - 4°, DtO - 4450 Malosinhos. E-mail: [email protected] 86

SPAIN (05.50, Double € 18.00) Javier Botas Pinori, Cabanelas sin. Porto, 15622 Cabanas, La Coruna. E-mail: [email protected]

SWITZERLAND (CHF 27, Double CHF 33) Signora Claudia Respini, Via Verbano 24, CH­ 6648 Minusio. E-mail: [email protected]

UNITED KINGDOM (£15.00, Double £17.50; includes supplement for UK Region services) Keith Sprague, 329 London Road, St. Albans, Herts. ALl IDZ.

UNITED STATES ($17, Double $20) Morris I Waller, 417 Elkins Lake, Huntsville, TX 77430. E-mail: [email protected]

We report with sorrow the deaths of the following members in 2004

BENELUX KRANEN, Mevr. Barbara

CHANNEL ISLANDS MESNY, Mrs. Alan LEEDS, Lady HOUSTON, Mrs. Hilda M.

GERMANY PEPER, Prof. Dr. Klaus

JAPAN .SHIMADA, Mr. Eishi WATANABE, Dr. Takeshi

NEW ZEALAND VEAL, Mrs. J.

SWITZERLAND DUTTWEILER, Mrs. Annemarie

UNITED KINGDOM DEVONSHIRE, The Duke of HARRISON, T. J. HEAP, Mrs. Audrey HILLIARD, J .E. SCOTT, Mrs. Diana

We remember with gratitude their contribution to the fellowship of our Society.

'­ i 87 2004 I.C.S. Menlbership LIFE ANNUAL TOTAL Single Double Single Double Argentina 1 1 Australia 8 62 42 156 Austria 1 1 3 Benelux 1) 44 45 134 Canada 1 I Channel Islands 2) 14 6 70 29 154 China 7 196 203 Czech Republic 2 Denmark I 1 France 3) 53 45 143 Germany 4) 88 62 213 India 1 I Ireland 1 1 Italy 1 28 15 59 Japan 8 2 99 1 113 Korea 2 1 3 New Zealand 4 39 24 91 Panama 2 2 Portugal 44 36 116 Slovenia 1 I South Africa* 5) 9 2 3 2 20 Spain 1 32 2 37 Swaziland 0 2 Switzerland 6) 1 19 19 58 United Kingdom 7) 6 4 186 75 350 United States 8) 7 2 106 85 287 Vietnam 3 3 Zimbabwe I 2 Total 71 19 1080 484 2157

*) no update 2004 1) Excludes members registered from Czech Republic (2) 2) Excludes member registered from Denmark (1) UK (2) 3) Excludes members registered from Vietnam (3) 4) Excludes members registered from Austria (3), Slovenia (1), Italy (2), France (2) 5) Excludes members registered Panama (2), Swaziland (2), Zimbabwe (2) 6) Excludes member registered from Italy (1) 7) Excludes members registered India (1), Ireland (1), New Zealand (2) 88 Membership Changes 2004 (As of November 2004) AUSTRALIA ETIENNE, Mr. & Mme. Josy, Clos de la New Members Sylve5, BI410 Waterloo BIENKE, Mr. & Mrs. F., PO Box453, Ballina, GUILLAUME, Mr. & Mme. Raymond et NSW 2478 Galia, rue de Bohemont 31, B6880 Bertrix BURROWS, Mrs. H., 2 Le Gallienne LEDUNE, Mr. & Mme. Alain, Rue de Crescent, Mulgrave, VIC 3170 Vacresse 129, B7050 Herchies COX, Mr. & Mrs. L., 85 Cullender Road, PEPINIERES HORTUS, Rue Gatti de Witta Via Maleny, QLD 4552 Gamond 147, B1l80 Bruxelles FRASER, Mrs. L. V., PO Box 6017, Upper SERVAIS-DESLOOVERE, Mr.&Mme.C., Mount Gravatt, QLD 4122 Avenue du Kouter 262, B 1160 Auderghem "­ JAKUSZEWSKI, Mr. & Mrs. G., 38 Tomlin VAN DER HEYDEN, Mr. & Mevr. Frans, I Street, West Swan, WA 6055 Vinusakker 14, B2950 Kapellen OKE, Mr. G. & Mrs. R. Bryce, 13 Dalwah VAN EVERBROECK, Mr. Christiaan, Street, Bomaderry, NSW 2541 Borsbeeksteenweg 62, B2100 Deurne-Zuid PAPAUCA, Mrs. L., 127 Flinders Avenue, VAN PRAET-VERNIE, Mr. & Mme. Louis, Hillarys, WA 6025 Avenue des Aubepines 43a, B1180 Bruxelles PASHLEY, Mrs. J. & Ms E., 59 Fyfe Circle, VRANKEN, Mr. Jean-Pierre, Chaussee de Bullcreek, WA 6149 St. Job 124, B1180 Bruxelles WERRY, Mrs. B., 585 Read Place, Albury, WIJNS, Mr. & Mevr. M., Mispelaarlaan 10, NSW2640 B2950 Kapellen WOODLANDS, Mr. & Mrs. E. F., 12 Castle Hill Road, West Pennant Hills, NSW 2120 New Members - Netherlands Total New Members =22; Single =4; Double DOORNIK-van TUSSENBROEK, Mevr. A., =9 Willem Welgravenlaan 25, 6741ZH Lunteren Changes HILLEBRANDT, Mevr. J.G., Stormshoek74, Mr. & Mrs. R. SAVELL, 34 Marieba Rd., 3191TL Hoogvliet Kenthurst, NSW 2154 KLEIN-HULSE, Mr. W.H.J., Kamperweg 13, n13AR Gorsel BENELUX KOENE, Mr. Nol, Burg~rweg 18, 3155DB New Members - Belgium Maasland CAMELLIA KWEKERIJ COENE, KRANEN, Mevr. K.P., Ceciliastraat 59, Bruggestraat 196, B8730 Beernem-Oedelem 2312XB Leiden C.E.C.lCHOTEAU, Mr. Benoit, Avenue KUIPERS, Mr. G., Ae1derstraat 19, 7854RN Leopold III 12, B7130 Bray (Binche) Aalden CUMPLI-LEMAIRE, Mr. & Mme. Kumar, LUYKS, Drs. P., Fruitplantsoen 38, 3571PR Cours Bonaparte 14, B1495 Villers la Ville Utrecht DECLERCK-D'HONDT, Mr. & Mevr. MANDERS, Mr. Rinus, Hoefstraat 16, 5373 Evelyne, Koning Albertstraat 12, B8490 Herpen Varsenare PINETUM BLIJDESTEIN, (dhr Schellevis '., DELVAUX, Mr. J. Berrelei 91, B2930 N.), van der Lindenlaan 125, 1217PJ Brasschaat Hilversum DE RIDDER, Mr. & Mevr. Pieter, SPRENKELS, Mr. Frans, Ellewaard 4, "Groendekor", Bergensestwg.408, B1600 4885KE Achtmaal St.Pieters-Leeuw van de BERG, Mr. Henk, De Werft 22, 89

5066MP Moergestel VIBERT, O.B.E., Mr. R. & Mrs. C. La van der DOES de WILLEBOIS­ Fontaine, Rue de Francfief, St Brelade JE3 ANDREWES, Mevr. J., Dorpsstraat 23, 8BG, Jersey 1396KG Baambrugge van HERWIJNEN, Mr. Peter, Boomberglaan CHINA 71/a, 1217RP Hilversum New Life Members van YLZINGA VEENSTRA, Mr. A.R., Tang, Yong Jun, Hengli Tower B103,306, 1# Nieuwegracht 96, 2011NL Haarlem Hualong Xiang, Changzhou City, Jiangsll Total New Members =44; Single =16; Dou­ Province 213000 ble =14 Changes Changes Single to Life Members DHAEZE-VAN RYSSEL; Mr. & Mevr. Shi, Defa, Jinhua Landscape Architecture Lucas, Lovelddreef 2, 9880 Aalter, BEL­ Administration, 476 Danxi Road, Jinhua, GIUM Zhejiang 321017 Wang, Yanchang, Ande Yuanyichang, Pixim, CHANNEL ISLANDS Sichuan 611732 New Members Yang, Shouchun, City Hall of Jinhua, Jinhua, ANDERSON, Mrs. J. Coin du Pre, La Zhejiang, 321000 Blinerie, St Clement JE2 6QY, Jersey Total New Members: Life Members =4 BONN, Mrs. Melissa, HamletFarm, Rue de la Hambie, St Saviour JE2 7UQ, Jersey FRANCE· BROSTER, Mr. G. Trinity Manor Farm Lim­ New Members -- Subregion Brittany ited, Trinity JE3 5JP, Jersey ARNOUX, Mr. & Mrs., 1 rue des Capucins, COOKE, Mr. R.S. LePassageFarm, StLaw­ 29680 Roscoff rence JE3 1GP, Guernsey BOHEC, Mr. & Mrs., 94 rue Jean Paul Fort, HARRiSON, Lady Isabella & Mr. Peter, 29200 Brest Augres Hall, Oaklands Lane, St Helier JE2 CARIOU, Mrs., Kergoat, 29520 Chateauneuf 4SD, Jersey Du Faou HOLMES, Mrs. M. La Fosse, St John JE3 CARO,Mr. & Mrs., 80 rue d'Amblainvilliers, 4AF, Jersey 91370 Verrieres Le Buisson MARKS, Mrs. H. Les Notes, Norcott Road, DE TREGLODE, ,Dr., 777 route de I'Isle, St Saviour JE2 7PS, Jersey 29300 Baye OVERLAND, Mrs. B. Mont Pellier, La Rue DOMAINE DU PARC DE TREVAREZ, du Mont Pellier, Trinity JE3 5JL, Jersey 29520 Saint Goazec TERRY, Mr. & Mrs. J.M.S., Le Pre de FRANCOIS, Mrs., Pen ar Hleuz, 29590 I'Eglise, Sark GY9 OSA, Sark Loperec Total New Members =11; Single = 7; Double GALESIO, Mr., Ie Zorn - Ie Fret, 29160 =2 Crozon Changes GOARANT, Mr. & Mrs., Kerguiduff, 29250 BREHAUT, Mr. R. La Couture House, Plougoulm Collings Road, StPeterPortGYIIGF, Guern­ GOLlAS, Mr. & Mrs., 22 rue du Drenit, 29590 sey Pont De Buis BRYAN, Mrs. Norah, Old Lawn House, GUENNOC, Mrs., 12rue des remparts, 29570 Pontac, St.Clement JE2 3ZQ, Jersey Roscanvel DALLY, Mr.H.R. Val au Vallee, La Rue de HUDO, Dr. & Mrs., Boulevard de Comouailles la Falaise, St Martin GY4 6UN, Guernsey rosaires, 22190 Plerin 90

JESTIN, Mr. & Mrs., Kermorvan, 29570 DAZIANO FRIGERIO, dott.Albina, ViaF.lli Roscanvel Strigini 15, 28010 Ameno (NO) KEREVEUR, Mr., 26 rue du general de Gaulle, TROUBETZKOY, ing. Roberto e signora, 29790 Pont Croix Via Sardegna 23, 20146 Milano KERGOAT, Mr. & Mrs., 22 rue du chanoine Total New Members = 4; Single = 2; Double Kerbrat, 29800 Landerneau = 1

LEFRANCQ, Mr. & Mrs., impasse de la Changes \ Prevautiere, 76230 Bois Guillaume BRUNELLA, Pinuccia e Redaeli Gianmaria, LEMAITRE, Mr. & Mrs., la charmeliere, Villa Le Azalee, Meina (NO) 44470 Carquefou BUOSI, prof. Osvaldo e Buosi Formaggio MADEC, Mr. & Mrs., 20 rue du pare, 29000 Maria, Via S. Angelo 87/C, 31100 Treviso \ Quimper DEL SOLE, dott. Vitaliana e Battistella arch. MAROT, Mr. & Mrs., Goulien, 29160 Crozon Pietro, Via Giovanni Paolo I, 21081 Osmate MICHEL-KERNEUR, Dr., hent Kerlot, (VA) 29700 Plomelin GHIRARDI, dott. Franco e Ghirardi Pietro, MORVAN, Mrs., 28 rue des rosiers, 29590 21010 Besnate (VA) Pont De Buis OLLIVIER, Mr. & Mrs., Kerhuella, 29180 JAPAN Quemeneven New Members PAUMARD, Mr., 09800 Orgibet Augistrou FUJlEDA, Mr. Kunimitsu, 1389-74 Shindai, PENNORS, Ms., 4 rue Fran<;is, 29520 Saint Hirokawa-cho, Yame-gun, Fukuoka-ken, 834­ Goazec 0115 PERETTI-BROSSET, Mrs., 2 rue de Jaubourg, HIDA, Mr. Katsushige, c/o Australian Em­ 25930 Lods bassy, 2-1-14 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108­ ROUE, Mr., Berven, 29440 Plouzevede 8361 Total New Members =43; Single = 13; Dou­ HIRUKI, Mr. Chuji, 2-11 Fukue-cho, Goto­ ble = 15 shi, Nagasaki-ken, 853-0007 Changes IMAMURA, Mrs. Akiko, 174-4 koba-mach, BELLEC, Mr. & Mrs.,18 rue Monsieur Ie Goto-shi, Nagasaki-ken, 853-0033 Prince, 29470 Plougastel-Daoulas MORIMOTO, Mr. Toshihiro, 1-30-11 Takao, GALLESIO, Mr. & Mrs., Le Zorn Le Fret, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 29160 Crozon 803-0853 NAKANISHI, Mr. Ihei, 6-4-31 Tennodai, " GERMANY Abiko-shi, Chiba-ken, 270-1143 '\ New Members YAMAGUCHI, Mr. Satoshi, Ehime Univer­ HARDT, Dr. Reinhold, Roesoll 30, 24226 sity, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime­ Heikendorf ken, 790-8566 TRILLINGER, Otto-Christian + Brunhilde, Total New Members = 7; Single = 7 Muehleckle 9, 777970hlsbach Total New Members =3; Single = 1; Double NEW ZEALAND =1 New Members AUCKLAND CITY LIBRARIES, Serial ITALY Dept., P.O.Box 4138, Auckland New Members Total New Members = 1; Single =.1 BROWN, arch. Donna, Via Guidod' Arezzo Changes 10, 20145 Milano KARL, Mrs. M. 29/19 BrodiePlace, Tauranga 91

PORTUGAL ble =6 New Members Changes ARAUJO, Ms. Maria da Concei~ao, Rua ALVES, Mr. & Mrs. Jose Augusto Ferreira, Afonso Lopes Vieira, 190hab. 23,4100-020, Rua La Ferreira 82, 4450-360, Porto Porto ARRISCADO, Mr. & Mrs. Arriscado, SPAIN VivendaSantoAndre, Av.25deAbril, 4900, New Members Viana do Castelo OLEA BEDfA, Claudio, Sobarkotxa B, 4, AZEVEDO, Ms. Maria Celeste, Rua 3°iz, 48830, Sodupe, Bizkaia VilarinhodeBaixo, 62, 4475-730, AviosoS. PITA CUPEIRO, Victor, Viveros la Garantia, Pedro - Maia 15168, Sada, A Corufia BASTOS, Ms. Zulmira,Urb. da Bou~a SANCHEZ MELERO, Miguel Angel, Mar Grande R. A-108, 4470-719, Maia Negro 32, 28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid CAMPOS, Mr. & Mrs. Kudell Azevedo, Rua VAZQUEZ CASTELO, Vicente, Ramon do Pinheiro Manso 316, 4100-409, Porto Maria Aller 6, 3°A, 3620 I, Vigo, Pontevedra CUNHA, Ms. Isabel Lemos, Av. Da Igreja 4 VELA FERNANDEZ, Mrs. Pilar, Estacion - 2° Esq., 4880-231, Mondim de Basto FIT, ·0 Areeiro, 36153, Pontevedra, GON<;ALVES, Ms. Teresa Santos Silva, Av. Pontevedra dos Combatentes da Grande Guerra 386, 4200­ Total New Members = 5; Single = 5 186, Porto JUNQUEIRA, Mr.JoseFranciscoBento, Rua SWITZERLAND Domingos Sequeira 262 - 8° Esq., 4050-230, New Members Porto CAMINADA, Gianni, Viale F. Balli 3, CH LOPES, Ms. Maria Raquel Lobo, Rua 6600, Locarno 27 Marechal de Saldanha 8 - 3°Esq., 4150, Porto CITTA OJ LOCARNO, Servizio Parchi e MALHEIRO, Ms. Margarida Bacelar, Largo Giardini, Via Vallemaggia 48, CH 6600, de S. Domingos 57, 4900-330, Viana do Locarno Castelo . MEIER, Dr. Hermann, Biiderstr. 6, CH 540 I, MOTA, Mr. Jose Joaquim Silva, Rua Quatro Baden 27 Caminhos, 4405, Cane1as Total New Members = 3; Single = 3 PEREIRA, Mr. & Mrs. Nuno, Av. 31 deJa­ neiro 265, 4715-052, Braga UNITED KINGDOM ROCHA, Mr. Clemente, Perosinho, Rua New Members Nossa Sra. de Fatima, 82, 4415-069, Vila ATKINSON, Miss Yvonne, 75 the Avenue, Nova de Gaia DAll OLX, Gravesend, Kent SANTOS, Mr. & Mrs. Antonio Bastos, BENSON, Mr. J. & Mrs. H., 3 Hutton Road, Arranca.da do Vouga, Rua Joaquim Sousa TQ31BN, Paignton, Devon Baptista 17, 3750-810, Agueda BROWNING, Mr. J.M.& Mrs. D.M., SILVA, Padre Avelino Augusto, Largo do Braefield, 116 Fore Street, TQ7 lAW, Kings Eiro, 5060-433, S. Martinho d' Anta bridge, Devon SOUSA, Mr. & Mrs. Pereira Viana Tasso, COOPER, Mrs. Debbie K., I Key How Cot­ Rua Dr. Aires Gouveia 115 - 2° Dto., 4100­ tage, Iron, CAI9 ITO, Holmrock, Cumbria 025, Porto 4500 GODLY, Mrs. Janet, Godwy's Roses, VON MUHLEN, Mr. & Mrs. Reinoud, Rua Redding Lane, AL3 7PS, Redbourn, Herts da Reboleira, 7, 4050-492, Porto HAMMOND, Mrs. Christine L.N., 2 Total New Members =23; Single = 11 Dou­ Ranelagh, DAll 9 NT, Northtleet, Kent 92

INSKIP, Mr. Jim, 9 Beech Close Court, KTll STANNARD, Mrs. Judith, 8 Augustus Close, 2HA, Cobham, Surrey CB90NJ, Haverhill, Suffolk JAMESON, Mr. & Mrs. J.R., Harlestone, TQ7 STREET, Mr. T., Long Newton, GL8 8RJ, 2BH, Kingsbridge, Devon Tetbury, Gloucestershire KITSON, Mrs. B., St. Winnols, Polbathic, THORNE, Mrs. Valerie, 75 Willian Way, SG6 PL22 3DX, Torpoint, Cornwall 2HJ, Letchworth Garden City, Herts MANISTY, Mrs. N., Bowringsleigh, 7Q7 WHEELER, Mr. S. & Mrs. Janet, 26 The 3LL, Kingsbridge, Devon Avenue, RG45 6PG, Crowthorne, Berks MILTON, Mr. P.W., 13 Silvershell Road, Total New Members =25; Single = 15; Dou­ PL293SN, Port Isaac, North Cornwall ble = 5 NEWMAN Bt, Sir Geoffrey, Sanders, Stoke Fleming, TQ6 OPY, Dartmouth, Devon UNITED STATES I POLLARD, Ian &Barbara, The Market Cross, New Members I SN169AS, Malmesbury, Wilts BELTRAN, Mr. & Mrs.. Frank P., Creswell, ROBINSON, Dr. M.L.A. Priory Road, RH18 OR 97426-0839 5JF, Forest Row, East Sussex HARDEN, Mr. & Mrs. Willis, Commerce, SMITH, Alan W., 13-15 Park Road, BH19 GA 30529 2AA, Swanage, Dorset LINAULT, Mr.& Mrs. Roger, McMinnville, SMITH, Mrs. M., Blackawton, TQ9 7DE, OR 97128 Totnes, Devon Total New Members =6; Double = 3 93 Officers Directors and Officers 2004-2006

PATRON: Charles Puddle, Cae Derw, Tal-y-Cafn, Colwyn Bay, Clwyd LL28 5RH, UK

PRESIDENT: Gregory Davis, 7815 Burgoyne, Houston, Texas 77063-2801, USA E-mail: [email protected].

VICE PRESIDENTS: Mr. Lewis Fetterman, P.O. Box 306, Clinton, N.C. 28328 USA Peter Levick, 73 Roland Avenue, Wahroonga, N.S.W. 2076, AUSTRALIA E-mail: [email protected] Mrs. Pat Short, 41 Galveston Road, London SW15 2RZ, UK E-mail: [email protected] Yang Shou Chun, City Hall of Jinhua City, Zhejiang 321000 CHINA

DIRECTORS: Africa Keith Kirsten, Keith Kirsten Horticultural International, P.O. Box 1458, Fourways, 2055 Gauteng, South Africa.. E-mail: [email protected]

Australia Winston Fraser, 15 Coventry Place, Wishart, Queensland 4122. E-mail: ·[email protected] Dr. Ann Marks, 12 Grantulla Road, Kallista, VIC 3791. E-mail: [email protected] Miss Nance Swanson, 43 Wellington Road, East Lindfield, N.S.W. 2070.

Benelux Marc de Coninck, Place St. Sebastian 28, B-1420 Braine L'Alleud, Belgium E-mail: [email protected]

Channel Islands Mrs Ann MacMichael, Les Ruettes, La Ruette, St. Lawrence, Jersey, JE3 IHT. E-mail: [email protected] Robert Chapman, Claremont Court, Mont Millais, St. Helier, Jersey, JE2 4RA E-mail: [email protected]

China Prof. Gao Jiyin, P.O. Box 3-403, Subtropical Forestry Institute, Fuyang, Zhejiang 311400. E-mail: [email protected] Mr. Tim Taishong Shao, Cambridge Forest Newtown 2727, Hunan Road 847, Shanghai 201315. E-mail: [email protected] 94

France Mme. Fran<;oise Brivet, 5 rue des Hauts Closeaux, 92310 Sevres Max Hill, 30 Chemin du Bois Chaperon, 91640 Briis-sous-Forges. E-mail: [email protected]

Germany/Austria Peter Fischer, HOden 16,21789 Wingst, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Waldemar Max Hansen, Griinenbergerstrasse 24, D-73079 Siissen, Germany E-mail: [email protected]

Italy Prof. Gianmario P. Motta, Via G.Boccaccio 4, 20123 Milano. E-mail: gianmario.motta@fastwebnetit

Japan and other Asian regions Junichiro Amako, 2-5-9-203 Tanihara, Nerima-ku, 177-0032 Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] Shigeo Matsumoto, 1-7-26 Takasu-higashi, Wakamatsu-ku, Kita-Kyushu 808-0144, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]

New Zealand Mrs. Vonnie Cave, "Seafield", R.D. 24, Wanganui. E-mail: [email protected] Mrs. Elva Harwood, Pikikiruna, Upper Takaka R.D., Takaka 7172. E-mail: [email protected]

Portugal Sra. Clara Gil de Seabra, Pcta. Prof. Egas Moniz, 167-4° Esq., Porto. E-mail: [email protected]

Spain Sra. Carmen Salinero Corral, Rio Tambre 19, A Caeira, 36005 Pontevedr:a. E-mail: [email protected]

Switzerland Mrs. Mary Caroni, via Solaria 11, CH-6648 Minusio.

United Kingdom Mrs. Marigold Assinder,29 Deodar Road, Putney, London SW15 2NP. Eric Taylor, 8 Cresford Road, Fulham, London SW5 2AN. Miss. Jennifer Trehane, 353 Church Cottage, Hampreston, Wimborne, Dorset BH21 7LX. E-mail: jennifer@ trehane.co.uk

U.S.A. Mrs. Annabelle Fetterman, P.O. Box 306, Clinton, N.C.28328 USA Arthur Landry, 10522 Ferncliff Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70815. E-mail: [email protected] Robert Stroud, 2 Oakgrove Way, Slidell, LA 70458. E-mail: [email protected] 95

INTERNATIONAL CAMELLIA REGISTRAR: Malcolm Perry, 54 East Parade, Eastwood, N.S.W. 2122, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Assistant Registrar: Dr. Neil Mitchell, 34 Hutchinson Crescent, Kambah, A.C.T. 2902, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] International Registrar for Europe: Andrew Simons, Wingfield House, 11 Brinsmade Road, Ampthill, Beds. MK45 2PP, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

SECRETARY: Mr. Morris Waller, 417 Elkins Lake, Huntsville, TX 77430 U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]

TREASURER: Neville Haydon, 48 Takanini School Road, Takanini 1702, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected]

MEMBERSHIP REGISTRAR: Mrs. Ines Kashnir, Stahlbi.ihlring 96, D-68526 Ladenburg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]

EDITOR: Herbert Short, 41 Galveston Road, London SW15 2RZ, U.K. E-mail: [email protected] Copy Editors: Roger Long, Ozarda, Les Hamonnets, St. John, Jersey JE3 4FP, Channel Islands. E-mail: [email protected] Ms. Jane Callander, 5 Sandra Court, Spencer Road, Chiswick, London W4 3SU, U.K. 96

~uCCiO'S ~ ~ursenes

3555 Chaney Trail Altadena, CA.91001 Write for free catalogue Listing Over 600 Camellias And 400 Azaleas We Enjoy Having Visitors - Stop In Closed on Wednesday and Thursday all year; Closed Sundays, June through December Hours - 8.00 to 4.40 (626) 794 - 3383

KAMELIEN ~ KULTUREN Il~scher Camellia Nursery And International Camellia Garden of Excellence

P.Fischer Haden 16 21789 Wingst

E-mail: [email protected]

homepage http://www.kamelie.de

Tel: (49) 047781263 Fax: (49) 04778/274

Tuesday-Closed-All Year December-Closed-on Weekends You are always welcome to Kurume City, the home town of Donckelaeri

One oflhree old "Masayoshi" Irees growing in KlIsano-cho, KlInlme Cily, one o.fwhich is considered 10 be Ihe II/other tree oj'Dollckelaeri brought infO Europe by Philip Franz von Siebold in 1834.

Grower of various camellias and ornamental trees AKASHIGREEN 1479-2 Yoshiki, Kusano-cho, Kurume City, 839-0836 Japan TEL 0942-47-0592, FAX 0942-47-349 L Email: [email protected]

Washington Park Arboretum. it is listed as , Camellia Nomenc!(I/ure 1981 Historical by Mrs. A. Jensen. Washington State. winter damage to the camellias at the ,ciety's American Camellia Yearbook for ffered severe leaf scorch. And in the same 'Wilmella. a seedling brought from Japan the owner, seems to be very hardy." On the Back Cover: Camellia salucl/{!lIsis from a painting by Stella Ross-Craig that was used as the 93, has it listed as ·Willmeta·. named for fromispiece in J. Robert Sealy's"A Revision of the Genus Camellia". The 1958 book has been translated 19 from Holland. We can only asstllne that into Japanese for the Japan Camellia Society's members to celebrate tht' 50th anniversary of the JCS (see I the Jensen family. p.14). For more about Sealy and Ross-Craig. see p. 26. Also. the vear 2004 marked the first expedition of !'borelull1, see the article by Greg Davis on George Forrest to China to collect plam species. One of Forresl' s discoveries in Yunnan was Cmluellensis. which was used by John Charles Williams to create the first of the many C. x ,!'illi((lllsii hybrids (see p. 35).