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The List THE a better way to beautiful

LIST

A Companion to the Choosing the Right Natural Lawn & Garden Guide

Waterwise garden by Stacie Crooks Discover a better way to beautiful!

his plant list is a companion to Choosing the Right The list on the following pages contains just some of the Plants, one of the Natural Lawn & Garden Guides many plants that can be happy here in the temperate Pacific T (see the back panel to request your free copy). Northwest, organized by several key themes. A number of These guides will help you garden in balance with nature, so these plants are Great Plant Picks ( ) selections, chosen you can enjoy a beautiful yard that’s healthy, easy to maintain because they are vigorous and easy to grow in Northwest and good for the environment. gardens, while offering reasonable resistance to pests and diseases, as well as other attributes. (For details about the When choosing plants, we often think about factors like size, GPP program and to find additional reference materials, shape, foliage and color. But the most important con- refer to Resources & Credits on page 12.) sideration should be whether a site provides the conditions a specific plant needs to thrive. Soil type, drainage, sun and Remember, this plant list is just a starting point. The more shade—all affect a plant’s health and, as a result, its appear- information you have about your garden’s conditions and ance and maintenance needs. a particular plant’s needs before you purchase a plant, the better. By creating a plan and selecting plants wisely, you’ll avoid costly errors, reduce maintenance and enjoy a better way to a beautiful, healthy garden.

PAGE 1 Wet Winter/Dry Summer Plants The following plants are some of the best at faring well in very wet winter soils—often due to slow drainage or constant seepage—and dry summer soils. Plants with an asterisk* can even handle standing water; all will thrive with good summer drainage. Refer to page 12 for additional resources to help you find plants that match your garden’s conditions.

Mature Heights small up to 30 feet tall medium 30 to 70 feet tall Sun Shade Partial Shade large more than 70 feet tall vine N small; great fall color var. septentrionalis chinese red medium

Betula nigra river birch large var. jacquemontii himalayan white birch medium; gorgeous bark laevigata and english hawthorn small american sweet gum large Metasequoia glyptostroboides* dawn redwood large; deciduous var. contorta shore N large pin large Betula albosinensis var. septentrionalis arbutifolia red chokeberry autumn black chokeberry autumn berries Aronia × prunifolia purple chokeberry autumn berries darwinii darwin’s barberry dense habit and cultivars japanese barberry ‘Rose Glow’ is a GPP alba and cultivars* redtwig dogwood ‘Elegantissima’ is a GPP Cornus stolonifera and cultivars* red osier dogwood N twig color best in sun shallon salal N forms a thicket californica wax myrtle N like the berries opulifolius purpleleaf ninebark ‘Diabolo’ is a GPP Potentilla fruticosa shrubby cinquefoil long bloomtime nigra and cultivars black elderberry ‘Gerda’ is a GPP douglasii douglas’s spirea N vigorous; forms a thicket Spiraea × vanhouttei bridal wreath spirea pretty white

Symphoricarpos albus snowberry N white berries; forms a thicket

Berberis darwinii = a Great Plant Picks selection N = Native Plant

PAGE 2

Wet Winter/Dry Summer Plants Perennials, Deciduous Deciduous Evergreen

Grasses and More Sun Shade Partial Shade semi-evergreen; brighter gold variegated sweetflag ‘Ogon’* in sun

Anemone nemorosa wood anemone dormant in summer Bergenia and hybrids bold Blechnum penna- alpine water in sun, needs more water Blechnum spicant deer fern N in sun, needs more water ‘Ice Dance’* variegated sedge vigorous groundcover Carex oshimensis ‘Evergold’* variegated japanese sedge revolutum pink fawn lily dormant in summer Erythronium ‘Pagoda’ yellow fawn lily dormant in summer needs water until flower Hemerocallis cultivars develop

spreading, self-seeding; douglasii poached egg plant dormant in summer

Luzula nivea snowy woodrush unusual texture best with occasional sylvatica greater woodrush summer water Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’ best with occasional regalis and cultivars* royal fern summer water

best with occasional munitum western sword fern N summer water

best with occasional Polystichum polyblepharum japanese tassel fern summer water

Polystichum setiferum Divisilobum best with occasional Group and others soft shield fern summer water

semi-evergreen; out- Waldsteinia ternata barren competes many weeds = a Great Plant Picks selection N = Pacific Northwest Native Plant NOTES:

PAGE 3

Wet Winter/Dry Summer Plants NOTES: * * * Metasequoia glyptostroboides* Liquidambar styraciflua Betula utilis Betula albosinensis match yourgarden’s conditions. Plants withanasterisk*caneventoleratestandingwater. Refer topage12foradditionalresources tohelpyoufindplantsthat Here areavarietyofplantsthatcanthrivewithmoistorwetconditionsthroughouttheyear, includingpoordrainage. Plants Moisture-Loving Trees var. jacquemontii var. septentrionalis bald black chinese dawn american himalayan river chinese shadblow

cypress

birch redwood gum

red

sweet

serviceberry

white

birch

gum

birch

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen large medium small Mature Tree Heights large; deciduousconifer medium medium large; deciduousconifer large medium large medium small treeorshrub more than70feettall 30 to70feettall up to30feettall var. septentrionalis Betula alboseninsis Shrubs red chokeberry autumn berries Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry autumn berries Aronia × prunifolia purple chokeberry autumn berries carolina interesting flowers sweet pepperbush fragrant pink flowers and cultivars* redtwig dogwood ‘Elegantissima’ is a GPP Cornus stolonifera and cultivars* red osier dogwood N sun for best twig color black twinberry N forms a thicket Myrica californica california wax myrtle N forms a thicket and cultivars ninebark ‘Diabolo’ is a GPP * pussy willow forms a thicket and cultivars* arctic willow forms a thicket and cultivars black elderberry ‘Gerda’ is a GPP red elderberry N glossy red forms a thicket; remove sorbifolia false spirea suckers to restrict spread

Vaccinium corymbosum high bush blueberry delicious fruit Physocarpus opulifolius = a Great Plant Picks selection ‘Diabolo’ N = Pacific Northwest Native Plant

PAGE 4

Moisture-Loving Plants versicolor Iris ensataandcultivars* Hosta (all) manicata wallichiana Carex oshimensis‘Evergold’* * ‘Aurea’* Carex ‘IceDance’ palustris* Blechnum spicant Astilbe (all)* aleuticum Acorus gramineus‘Ogon’* Grasses andMore Perennials, and cultivars * blue japanese japanese giant wallich variegated slough bowles variegated marsh deer astilbe western sweetflag golden

flag fern

marigold ’

sedge variegated ’ golden

s iris iris maidenhair

wood

japanese sedge

fern sedge

sedge

fern N N N

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen gorgeous flowers gorgeous flowers gorgeous flowers resistant GPPs Substance’ areslug- ‘June’ and‘Sum winds protect fromdrying tall, glossyfronds attractive seedheads sun forbrightestcolor vigorous groundcover yellow flowers in sun,needsmorewater in sun,needsmorewater usually soldasA.pedatum brightest color semi-evergreen; sunfor Carex ‘Ice Dance’ dentata* golden groundsel avoid midday sun cardinal flower short-lived perennial struthiopteris fern spreads vigorously Mimulus cardinalis* scarlet monkey flower dappled shade Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern and cultivars* royal fern beesiana* candelabra primrose can be semi-evergreen * candelabra primrose can be semi-evergreen * drumstick primrose can be semi-evergreen * oxlip can be semi-evergreen Primula japonica and cultivars* japanese primrose pinnata* rodgersia cut back mid-summer for water figwort auriculata ‘Variegata’* fresh flush of foliage

Thalictrum delavayi ‘Hewitt’s Double’ double meadow rue airy leaves and flowers Viola glabella stream violet can be semi-evergreen aethiopica* lily evergreen in mild winters Carex elata = a Great Plant Picks selection ‘Aurea’ N = Pacific Northwest Native Plant

PAGE 5

Moisture-Loving Plants Rhamnus (Frangula) purshiana Pinus contortavar. contorta fusca Cornus nuttali Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Acer circinatum Trees help youfindplantsthatmatchyourgarden’s conditions. toavoidharmingnaturalplantenvironmentsinthewild. plants arenursery-propagated These areamongthemostgarden-worthynativeplantsavailableinlocalnurseries.Whenbuyingnatives, ask tomake surethe Favorite Pacific NorthwestNativePlants mountain cascara garry shore pacific pacific weeping vine grand

maple

oak pine

fir crabapple dogwood

yellow

hemlock

cedar N N N N N N N N N

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen large medium small Mature Tree Heights drought tolerant small ingardensetting; small; moist,well-drained soil small; needsexcellent drainage summer drought large; tolerateswinterwet, tolerates standingwater orsmalltree; large soil; droughttolerant medium; moistwell-drained ‘Pendula’ isaGPP large; droughttolerant; small; greatfallcolor large; droughttolerant Refer topage12foradditionalresources to more than70feettall 30 to70feettall up to30feettall Chamaecyparis nootkatensis ‘Pendula’ Shrubs douglas maple N shrub or small tree serviceberry, saskatoon N well-drained soil Arctostaphylos uva-ursi kinnikinnick N groundcover Cornus stolonifera (sericea) red osier dogwood N moist or dry soil tolerates dry soil once salal N established

Holodiscus discolor ocean spray N forms a thicket Ledum groenlandicum labrador tea N moist soil forms a thicket; drought black twinberry N Lonicera involucrata tolerant

Mahonia aquifolium tall grape N 5-10 feet tall shrub drought tolerant; low-growing cascade oregon grape N nervosa groundcover to 2 feet tall Myrica californica Mahonia repens creeping oregon grape N 12-24 inch tall groundcover tolerates winter wet, california wax myrtle Myrica californica N summer drought

Myrica gale sweet gale N wet to very moist soil Paxistima myrsinites falsebox N compact shrub Philadelphus lewisii mock orange N fragrant flowers

Physocarpus capitatus pacific ninebark N moist to fairly wet soil = a Great Plant Picks selection N = Pacific Northwest Native Plant PAGE 6

Favorite Pacific Northwest Native Plants Shrubs Shrubs parvifolium Spiraea douglasiisubsp. Sambucus racemosasubsp.pubens Sambucus nigra Rubus parviflorus Rosa nutkana Rosa gymnocarpa occidentale Rhododendron macrophyllum (cont.) subsp. cerulea red evergreen common hardhack red blue salmonberry thimbleberry nootka baldhip flowering western rhododendron pacific

elderberry

elderberry

coast

rose rose

azalea snowberry

huckleberry currant

N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen tangy redberries delicious blueberries white berries forms athicket; moist towetsoils forms athicket; aggressive; bright redfruits blue forms athicket; moistsoils soils dry forms athicket; moistor forms athicket; pinkflowers shade drought tolerant,dry established soilonce tolerates dry needs gooddrainage sites moist tofairlydry

Rubus spectabilis Perennials, Grasses and More western maidenhair fern N in sun, needs more water nodding N ; pink flowers rosy pussytoes N also called A. rosea Aquilegia formosa red columbine N red-and-yellow flowers sea thrift N moist to dry soil goat’s beard N caudatum wild N spreading groundcover Blechnum spicant deer fern N in sun, needs more water leichtlinii leichtlin’s camas N bulb; blue or white flowers bulb; tolerates winter wet, common camas N summer drought

Campanula rotundifola common harebell N small perennial Carex obnupta slough sedge N wet site or standing water bunchberry N slow-growing groundcover spreads quickly; dormant pacific bleeding heart formosa N in summer

Dodecatheon pulchellum few-flowered shootingstar N moist soil in sun oregon sunshine N drought tolerant Fragaria chiloensis beach strawberry N spreading groundcover Blechnum spicant = a Great Plant Picks selection N = Pacific Northwest Native Plant PAGE 7

Favorite Pacific Northwest Native Plants Smilacina racemosa Sisyrinchium douglasii Sisyrinchium californicum spathulifolium Sedum oreganum Sedum divergens Prosartes (Disporum) hookeri Polystichum munitum frigidus Oxalis oregana ciliosa Lonicera columbiana Lewisia effusus Heuchera micrantha (disjunctum) Grasses andMore Perennials, (cont.) false satin golden broadleaf oregon spreading hooker sword western oregon false western columbia common toughleaf small oak

fern -

flower solomon lily -

flowered fern -

’ s stonecrop oxalis eyed

trumpet coltsfoot or

fairybells -

lewisia stonecrop

of stonecrop

iris soft -

grass the ’ s

seal rush alumroot -

valley N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen white flowers;red fruit red-purple flowers semi-evergreen; self- flattened grayleaves oval succulentleaves round succulentleaves dainty whiteflowers established drought tolerantonce moistsoil wet tovery also evergreenforms dormant insummer spreading groundcover; climbing vine needs excellent drainage wet tomoistsoil;grass-like semi-evergreen also calledG.disjunctum Polystichum munitum Smilacina racemosa white flowers; dark blue or Smilacina stellata star-flowered solomon’s N seal reddish-black fruit

Tellima grandiflora fringecup N moist soil occidentale western meadowrue N blue-green foliage trifoliata foamflower N moist soil Tolmiea menziesii piggy-back plant N moist soil ovatum western trillium N dormant in summer inside-out flower N dainty groundcover

= a Great Plant Picks selection N = Pacific Northwest Native Plant Finding Native Plants Most retail nurseries sell a of native plants. However, some of the selections on the Favorite Pacific Northwest Plants list may be available only from nurseries that specialize in native plants. To identify native plant nurseries, go to the Native Plant Society (WNPS) website at www.wnps.org and click on “Landscaping,” then on “Native Plant & Sources.” You can also purchase natives at the WNPS plant sales, also listed on their site. Or, simply ask your favorite nursery if they will order native plants for you.

For descriptions and photos of many native plants, visit WNPS’s website listed above, or King County’s Native Plant Guide at www.kingcounty.gov/gonative.

PAGE 8

Favorite Pacific Northwest Native Plants ‘Autumn Gold’ ‘Aspleniifolia’ Fagus sylvatica Crataegus ×lavalleei Betula utilis Betula albosinensis Acer tataricumsubsp.ginnala Trees find plantsthatmatchyourgarden’s conditions. on theWet Winter/Dry SummerPlantslistarealsodrought-tolerant. process thatusuallytakes theseplantsneedgooddrainage inwinter. 2to3years.Asageneralrule, Notethattheplants theyareestablished,a withlittleornosupplementalwatering—besidesrainfall—after The followingplantscansurvive Drought-Tolerant Plants var. jacquemontii var. heterophylla ‘Purple Fountain’ ‘Fastigiata’ var. septentrionalis maidenhair fernleaf beech columnar lavalle cornelian european incense himalayan chinese roughbark amur paperbark trident

maple

’

cedar s red maple

hawthorn

beech

hornbeam

maple

weeping cherry

white maple

tree birch

birch

copper

Sun Refer topage12foradditionalresources tohelpyou

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen large medium small; columnar small; showyfruit orsmalltree shrub medium; slowgrowing large; conifer medium; whitebark medium small small; suckering tree small; peelingbark small; slowgrowing large medium small Mature Tree Heights more than70feettall 30 to70feettall up to30feettall ‘Autumn Gold’ Ginkgo biloba goldenrain tree medium Parrotia persica persian ironwood medium serbian medium; slender conifer oriental spruce large; conifer Pinus leucodermis bosnian pine medium; conifer

Pinus parviflora f. glauca blue-needled japanese medium; conifer white pine

Pyrus salicifolia ‘Pendula’ weeping willowleaf pear small; weeping large; ‘Glaucum’ and giant sequoia and cultivars ‘Pendulum’ are GPPs

medium; slow growing; windmill palm protect when young

small in garden setting; mountain hemlock N Tsuga mertensiana conifer Trachycarpus fortunei = a Great Plant Picks selection N = Pacific Northwest Native Plant NOTES:

PAGE 9

Drought-Tolerant Plants Deciduous Evergreen Shrubs Sun Shade Partial Shade strawberry tree shrub or small tree darwin’s barberry blooms better in sun ‘Julia Phelps’ california lilac midnight blue flowers Ceanothus ‘Victoria’ california lilac bright blue flowers Ceanothus ‘Puget Blue’ california lilac bright blue flowers Choisya ‘Aztec Pearl’ mexican mock orange fragrant white flowers Cistus × hybridus white rockrose Cotinus ‘Grace’ smoketree large burgundy leaves dammeri bearberry cotoneaster groundcover

golden variegated fragrant flowers in fall pungens ‘Maculata’ elaeagnus Arbutus unedo Hebe ‘Emerald Green’ white flowers Hebe cupressoides ‘Boughton Dome’ cypress hebe white flowers Hebe ochracea ‘James Stirling’ whipcord hebe bronzey foliage Hebe odora ‘New Zealand Gold’ white flowers Hebe pinguifolia white flowers Hebe topiaria white flowers ‘Ferox Argentea’ hedgehog holly male clone: no berries ‘Convexa’ convex japanese holly excellent for hedge bay laurel excellent for cooking Mahonia nervosa cascade oregon grape N blue berries ‘Maculata’ needs some water in full dwarf heavenly bamboo domestica ‘Gulf Stream’ sun to look its best

Malus toringo subsp. sargentii ‘Tina’ dwarf sargent’s crabapple disease resistant ‘King Edward VII’ and flowering currant N Ribes sanguineum and cultivars ‘White Icicle’ are GPPs

Syringa vulgaris and cultivars common lilac fragrant flowers ‘Fastigiata’ irish yew columnar conifer Taxus baccata ‘Repandens’ spreading english yew mounding conifer ‘Spring Bouquet’ compact laurustinus flowers less in shade Viburnum tinus ‘Spring Bouquet’ Perennials, Grasses and More Allium cristophii star of persia bulb; sandy soil Anemone nemorosa wood anemone dormant in summer european wild ginger creeping groundcover Agastache ‘Blue Fortune’ hybrid hyssop long bloomtime subsp. leichtlinii leichtlin’s camas N bulb; dormant in summer tommasini’s crocus bulb; dormant in summer coum persian violet tuber; dormant in summer Allium cristophii = a Great Plant Picks selection N = Pacific Northwest Native Plant

PAGE 10

Drought-Tolerant Plants Grasses andMore Perennials, Stipa gigantea japonica Lonicera ×superbum‘Becky’ Leucanthemum squalida‘Pratt’sLeptinella Black’ vernus Lathyrus Helleborus ×hybridus Helleborus argutifolius Helictotrichon sempervirens Helenium ‘MoerheimBeauty’ characiassubsp.wulfenii ×versicolor‘Sulfureum’ maritima ‘Purpurea’ ‘Purple Rain’ ‘Morning Light’ (cont.) purpleleaf giant salvia chinese japanese shasta brass spring lenten stinking corsican blue sneezeweed spurge large barrenwort sea ivyleaf

buttons

needle

mediterranean

bush daisy

rose cyclamen silvergrass

honeysuckle grass hellebore

grapevine

grass N

= aGreatPlantPicks selection = Pacific Northwest NativePlant

Sun

Partial Shade

Shade Deciduous Evergreen vine; redderinsun trim backinfall long bloomtime cut togroundinMarch vine; fragrantflowers long bloomtime creeper forcrevices charming showy flowers green flowers striking leaves do notcuttoground comb outoldleaves; cause rash contact withsapmay groundcover add limetosoil tuber; dormantinsummer

Helictotrichon sempervirens Cyclamen hederifolium PAGE 11

Drought-Tolerant Plants Resources & Credits Websites Hotlines for Gardening Questions l Great Plant Picks, www.greatplantpicks.org l Plant Answer Line, UW Botanic Gardens, 206-897-5268 l Native Plant Information: l WSU Master Gardener Hotline, Snohomish County Extension, – King County Native Plant Guide, www.kingcounty.gov/gonative 425-357-6010 or [email protected] – Washington Native Plant Society, www.wnps.org l Natural Lawn & Garden Care, www.naturalyardcare.org Photo Credits l Washington State University (WSU) Extension Master Gardeners, Cover and waterwise garden photos: Jacqueline Koch http://gardening.wsu.edu Plant photos: Courtesy Great Plant Picks, Richie Steffen, Richard Hartlage, Alan Dodson, Peggy Campbell Books l A to Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants by Christopher Brickell; With Thanks to American Horticultural Society, DK Publishing, Inc., 2004. Center for Urban l Encyclopedia of Northwest Native Plants for Gardens and Landscapes Furney’s Nursery by Kathleen Robson, Alice Richter and Marianne Filbert; Timber Press, 2008. Molbak’s l Grow Your Own Native Landscape by Michael Leigh; WSU Extension, 2013. Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden l Perfect Plant, Perfect Place by Roy Lancaster; DK Publishing, Inc., 2010. Swanson’s Nursery l Plants of the Pacific Northwest by Pojar & Mackinnon; Lone Pine University of Botanical Garden Publishing, 2004. Washington Native Plant Society l Rain Garden Handbook for Western Washington by Curtis Hinman; Washington State Department of Transportation WSU Extension, 2013. l The New Sunset Western Garden Book by Kathleen Norris Brenzel, editor; Sunset Publishing Corporation, 2012. A Special Note of Appreciation to l Trees and Shrubs for Pacific Northwest Gardens by John and Carol Grant; Carolyn Jones and Richie Steffen of the Elisabeth Carey Miller Timber Press, 1999. Botanical Garden and Great Plants Picks for their generous help in creating this plant list. Great Plant Picks The Great Plant Picks (GPP) educational program promotes plants well-suited to Pacific Northwest gardens west of the Cascade Mountains. Each year, noteworthy plants are added to the GPP list, selected by professional horticulturists from Washington, Oregon and British Columbia. GPP is funded by the Pendleton and Elisabeth Miller Charitable Foundation and administered by the staff of the Elisabeth Carey Miller Botanical Garden. For more details, visit: www.greatplantpicks.org

PAGE 12 NOTES: PAGE 13 Natural Lawn & Garden Guides To request a Natural Lawn & Garden Guide, contact: l Snohomish Conservation District l Choosing the Right Plants (425) 335-5634, www.snohomishcd.org l Composting at Home l Snohomish County Public Works, l Growing Healthy Soil Surface Water Management Division (425) 388-3464, www.naturalyard.surfacewater.info l Natural Lawn Care l WSU Snohomish County Extension l Natural Pest, Weed & Disease Control Master Gardeners (425) 357-6010, l Natural Yard Care (summary) www.snohomish.wsu.edu, [email protected] l Smart Watering l

Title VI and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Information: It is Snohomish County’s policy to assure that no person shall on the grounds of race, color, national origin, or sex, as provided by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or otherwise be discriminated against under any County sponsored program or activity. For questions regarding Snohomish County Public Works’ Title VI Program, or for interpreter or translation services for non-English speakers, or otherwise making materials available in an alternate format, contact the Department Title VI Coordinator via email at [email protected] or call 425-388-6660. Hearing/speech impaired may call 711.

Información sobre el Titulo VI y sobre la Ley de Americanos con Discapacidades (ADA por sus siglas en inglés): Es la política del Condado de Snohomish asegurar que ninguna persona sea excluida de participar, se le nieguen beneficios o se le discrimine de alguna otra manera en cualquier programa o actividad patrocinada por el Condado de Snohomish en razón de raza, color, país de origen o género, conforme al Título VI de la Enmienda a la Ley de Derechos Civiles de 1964. Comuníquese con el Department Title VI Coordina- tor (Coordinador del Título VI del Departamento) al correo electrónico [email protected], o al teléfono 425-388-6660 si tiene preguntas referentes al Snohomish County Public Works’ Title VI Program (Programa del Título VI de Obras Publicas del Condado de Snohomish), o para servicios de interpretación o traducción para los no angloparlantes, o para pedir que los materiales se hagan disponibles en un formato alternativo. Los que tienen necesidades comunicativas especiales pueden llamar al 711. Snohomish County Public Works Surface Water Management This brochure was developed by the City of Seattle Public Utilities. Snohomish County thanks the City of Seattle for permission to reproduce it. © 2014 Seattle Public Utilities Printed on 100% recycled paper. 4/2017