DOCSLIB.ORG

Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Migration Context: Needs, Gaps and Good Practices

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Migration Context: Needs, Gaps and Good Practices Revista Internacional de Apoyo a la Inclusión, Logopedia, Sociedad y Multiculturalidad. Volumen 7, Número 1, enero 2021, ISSN: 2387-0907. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17561/riai.v7.n1.4 Sexual and gender-based violence in migration context: Needs, gaps and good practices Violencia sexual y de género en el contexto de la migración: necesidades, brechas y buenas prácticas Sexuelle und geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt im Migrationskontext: Bedarfe, Lücken und gute Praktiken La violence sexuelle et sexiste dans le contexte de la migration : Besoins, lacunes et bonnes pratiques Violência sexual e baseada no gênero no contexto da migração: Necessidades, lacunas e boas práticas Violenza sessuale e di genere nel contesto migratorio: Esigenze, lacune e buone pratiche Сексуальное и гендерное насилие в контексте миграции: Потребности, пробелы и передовой опы 移民の文脈における性とジェンダーに基づく暴力 ニーズ、ギャップ、グッドプラクティス 移徙背景下的性暴力和基于性别的暴力。需求、差距和良好做法 María Aranda López Marta García Domingo [email protected] [email protected] David Moreno Molina Belén Agrela Romero [email protected] [email protected] Teresa Fernández Contreras Beatriz Montes Berges [email protected] [email protected] Juana Mª Morcillo Martínez [email protected] Universidad de Jaén (España) Universidad de Jaén (España) Páginas 64-81 Fecha recepción: 23/11/2020 Fecha aceptación: 29/12/2020 Abstract. The first goal of the present work was to identity needs and gaps in interventions for migrant and refugee victims of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in Spain. The second goal was to develop a guide for itineraries, resources and good practices to address the gaps detected. To produce data pertaining to the first purpose, we used a qualitative approach and focus groups (FGs) with institutional operators and representatives of the Third Sector. In total, six FGs were conducted with 35 key informants. The results of the study showed that existing services and resources are, in general, sufficient to cover the needs of the target group. However, some issues, such as excessive bureaucracy, re-victimization, difficulties regarding legal regularization, cultural barriers and the scant presence of cultural mediators were revealed. Regarding the second goal, a guide was created on the legal framework, itineraries and resources for migrant and refugee victims of SGBV, to ensure good practices and incorporate cultural mediation as an essential element to guarantee optimal use of services. Keywords: gender-based violence; migrant women; minors; sexual violence; gaps; good practices 64 Revista Internacional de Apoyo a la Inclusión, Logopedia, Sociedad y Multiculturalidad. Volumen 7, Número 1, enero 2021, ISSN: 2387-0907. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17561/riai.v7.n1.4 Resumen. El primer objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar las necesidades y lagunas en la intervención con migrantes y refugiadas víctimas de violencia sexual y de género (VSG) en España. El segundo objetivo fue desarrollar una guía sobre los itinerarios, recursos y buenas prácticas que permitan solventar las brechas detectadas. Para la producción de datos del primer propósito nos servimos del enfoque cualitativo y la herramienta de los grupos focales con representantes institucionales y operadores del Tercer Sector. Se organizaron seis grupos focales con 35 informantes clave. Los resultados mostraron que los recursos existentes dan cobertura en gran medida a las necesidades del grupo destinatario. Sin embargo, se señalaron algunas limitaciones como la burocracia excesiva, la revictimización, las dificultades en los procesos de regularización, las barreras culturales o la escasa presencia de mediadores/as culturales. Para la consecución del segundo objetivo se partió de un análisis documental y de los datos de los grupos focales. El resultado fue una guía que aúna el marco legal, los itinerarios y los recursos destinados a personas migrantes y refugiadas víctimas de VSG; proporcionando un espacio clave para las buenas prácticas y la incorporación de la mediación cultural para garantizar el mejor aprovechamiento de los servicios. Palabras clave: violencia de género; mujeres migrantes; menores; violencia sexual; brechas; buenas prácticas 1.-Introducción. In recent decades, people forced to migrate have been exposed to multiple dangers. The hardening of European migration policies has made it more difficult for thousands of people to settle in Europe. Thus, an increasing number of migrants have sought alternative routes with extremely dangerous conditions (Cortés, 2019; UN Refugee Agency-UNHCR, 2017). In particular, there has been an increase in arrivals from 2016 to the present on the southern border of Spain. Border controls outside the European Union (EU) have resulted in the transfer of arrivals from the eastern Mediterranean and Balkans route, and the central Mediterranean route, to the western Mediterranean route. Accordingly, in 2018 Spain registered the highest number of arrivals along the three Mediterranean routes, totaling 66,194 people (Cortés, 2019). In the first half of 2019, the main countries of origin of the migrants arriving at the southern border were Morocco (29.4%), Guinea (12.9%), Algeria (12.2%), Mali (11.4%), Ivory Coast (9.1%), Senegal (7.5%), Syria (3.2%), Tunisia (3.2%) and Palestine (1.4%). Regarding the sex distribution of the migrants arriving at the Spanish southern border, UNHCR (2019) has reported that 75% are men, 12% are women and 13% are boys and girls. In Spain, according to the annually published "Asylum in Figures" report of the Asylum and Refugee Office of the Ministry of the Interior (2018 edition, published in September 2019), there were 55,749 formal applications in 2018, of which 34% were by men and 42.66% by women. This represents an increase of 75% compared to the 31,740 65 Revista Internacional de Apoyo a la Inclusión, Logopedia, Sociedad y Multiculturalidad. Volumen 7, Número 1, enero 2021, ISSN: 2387-0907. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17561/riai.v7.n1.4 applications registered in 2017. Venezuela, Colombia and Syria continue to be the leading countries of origin of applicants for international protection in Spain. The number of international protection applications submitted up to 2019 was 73,601 (40,260 and 33,341 for men and women, respectively). The “gender order”, - a form of social organization based on hierarchical gender relationships, models different dimensions of a person based on complex interactions among factors (Buquet Corleto, 2015), and is key to understanding the motivation for migrating of some individuals. Gender inequalities have played a fundamental role in the long process through which the mobility regime is constituted, as it is both the cause and consequence of the migration process for many women, girls and boys, and members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) community who cross various borders to reach Europe. In many cases, the reason why women and girls migrate is gender-related difficulties experienced in their countries of origin, such as gender-based violence (GBV), forced marriage or female genital mutilation. Along migration routes, women, minors, and people belonging to the LGBTI community are especially vulnerable to sexual violence (SV) by intermediaries and fellow migrants (Médicos sin Fronteras, 2019). A recent study (Agrela et al., 2019) found evidence that proximity violence along the various migratory routes is more likely to be directed toward the above-mentioned groups. In addition, the arrival of migrants through the emerging routes can increase or exacerbate episodes of violence. Even after arriving in the host country, the violence continues for some female migrants. The GBV data for Spain revealed that of the total number of women killed between 2003 and 2017, 32% were foreigners (n = 294). Thus, 30 women are killed for every million foreign women in the country, compared to 5 for every million Spanish women. In recent years, around 30% of migrant women have been victims of GBV, according to official data from the Ministry of the Interior, but the VioGen (2019) computer system, to which all security forces have access, provides a different statistic. This system records "cases of gender violence”; by the end of 2017, 429,220 cases of gender violence, both active and inactive at that time, were registered on the system. Of these cases, 65% and 35% involved Spanish (n = 279,882) and foreign women (n = 149,338), respectively, with the latter percentage being higher than that indicated by previous statistics. Of the total number of cases collected up to December 2017, only 12.7% remained active as of that date (n = 54,793), with 72.5% corresponding to Spanish women and 27.5% to foreign women. Between 2011 and 2017, 10,448 applications for temporary residence and work permits were registered due to GBV (Ministry of Equality, 2018). The increase in the number of immigrant women reporting their partner may be a positive indicator regarding these women's access to police resources. However, there is no information of whether their complaints were ultimately withdrawn. During 2017, 158,217 complaints of SV were registered. Among the victims, 69.01% were Spanish (n = 110,107) and 30.9% were foreign (n = 48,110). During 2017, the entities that provide services or care to women who are potential victims of trafficking and smuggling contacted 60,428 people in different locations (clubs, apartments, streets, etc.). Among the people contacted, signs of sexual exploitation were detected in 16,478 cases and signs of trafficking for sexual
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GENDER BASED VIOLENCE Updated November 27, 2020
    Bibliography: GENDER BASED VIOLENCE Updated November 27, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abandonment……………………………………………………………….. Adolescents…………………………………………………………………… Advocacy………………………………………………………………………. Animal Harm…………………………………………………………………. Children..………………………….…………………….………………..…… Childhood abuse of parents & outcomes for next generation Climate Change…………………………………………………………….. Community……………………………………………………………………. Consent…………………………………………………………………………. Consequences: Depression/ Suicide………………………..….. Consequences: General………………………………………………… Consequences: Hygiene……….………………………………………. Consequences: Injury/Homicide…….…………………………….. Consequences : Job Choices / Professions of Survivors…. Consequences: Interventions……………………………………….. Consequences: Medical………………………………………………… Consequences: Medical Traumatic Brain Injury…………….. Consequences: Nutrition………………………………………………. Consequences: PTSD…………………………………………………….. Consequences: Sexual & Reproductive Health……………… Consequences: Substance Use……………………………………… COVID…………………………………………………………………………… Cultural Attitudes…………………………………………………………. General…………………………………………………………….. Africa………………………………………………………………… Sub-Saharan Africa………………………………… North Africa…………………………………………… West Africa……………………………………………. Central Africa…………………………………………. Northeast Africa…………………………………….. East Africa……………………………………………… South Africa……………………………………………. Americas……………………………………………………………. Central America…………………………………….. Haiti………………………………………………………. North America……………………………………….. South America……………………………………….. Asia Central Asia…………………………………………… 1 China………………………………………………………
    [Show full text]
  • Crimes Committed by U.S. Soldiers in Europe
    Journal of Interdisciplinary History, XLVII:1 (Summer, 2016), 53–84. Thomas J. Kehoe and E. James Kehoe Crimes Committed by U.S. Soldiers in Europe, 1945–1946 American soldiers engaged in all manner of criminal activity as they made their way across Europe after World War II. But in comparison with the well-established criminality accom- panying the Soviet occupation in the East, the rate of violent and nonviolent American criminality, and its impact on occupied and liberated European societies, has been difficult to determine because of the lack of adequate statistics. At the time, civilians in France, Italy, the Benelux countries, and especially Germany made frequent reference to such American criminal activity as looting, petty thievery, drunkenness, rape, and murder. U.S. military reports confirm American soldiers’ predilection for theft and black-market racketeering, often couched in the euphemisms “fraternization” and “harassment”; some of them even suggest more violent incli- nations. These depictions, however, had little effect on the early his- toriography of American soldiers in Europe. The first historical narratives were shaped mainly by the accounts of witnesses and vic- tims, along with a few crime statistics. Scholars writing between the 1940s and 1960s acknowledged the looting and drunkenness but downplayed the violence, preferring to portray American soldiers as liberators and valiant conquerors of Nazism, war weary and prone to excessive drinking but not rapists and murders.1 Thomas J. Kehoe is Learning Designer (Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design), Office of the Pro-Vice Chancellor (Learning Innovation), Swinburne University of Technology. He is the author of “Fighting for Our Mutual Benefit: Understanding and Contextualising the Inten- tions behind Nazi Propaganda for the Arabs during World War Two,” Journal of Genocide Research, XIV (2012), 137–157; with Frederik Juliaan Vervaet, “Honor and Humiliation in Apuleius’ Apologia,” Mnemosyne: A Journal of Classical Studies, LXVIII (2015), 605–640.
    [Show full text]
  • Institut Fur Energetik Und Umwelt Gemeinnutzige Gmbh Institute for Energy and Environment
    Institut fur Energetik und Umwelt gemeinnutzige GmbH Institute for Energy and Environment Sustainable Strategies for Biomass Use in the European Context Analysis in the charged debate on national guidelines and the competition between solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels Dr. Daniela Thran Michael Weber Anne Scheuermann Nicolle Frohlich Prof. Dr. Drs. h.c. Jurgen Zeddies Prof. Dr. Arno Henze Prof. Dr. Carsten Thoroe Dr. Jorg Schweinle Uwe R. Fritsche Dr. Wolfgang Jenseit, Lothar Rausch, Klaus Schmidt Geschaftsfiihrer: Prof. Dr. Martin Kaltschmitt Deutsche Kreditbank AG Stadt- und Kreissparkasse Leipzig Handelsregister: Amtsgericht Leipzig HRB 8071 (BLZ 120 30 000) (BLZ 860 555 92) Sitz und Gerichtsstand Leipzig Konto-Nr.: 1364280 KontoNr.: 1100564876 Zert.-Nr. 1210010564/1 - II - Sponsor: Bundesministerium fur Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety) Contact partner: Dr. Daniela Thran [email protected] Tel.: +49 341 / 2434 435 Developed by: Institut fur Energetik und Umwelt gGmbH / Institute for Energy and Environment (IE) Torgauer Str. 116 04347 Leipzig Germany Universitat Hohenheim / University of Hohenheim (UHOH) Institut fur Landwirtschaftliche Betriebslehre (Institute for Farm Management) Schloss-Osthof-Sud 70599 Stuttgart Hohenheim Germany Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Forst- und Holzwirtschaft / Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products (BFH) Institut fur Okonomie (Institute for Economics) Postfach 80 02 09 21002 Hamburg
    [Show full text]
  • Betwee N Trauma and Resilience a Transnational Reading of Women’S Life Writing About Wartime Rape in Germany and Bosnia and Herzegovina
    p Betwee n Trauma and Resilience A Transnational Reading of Women’s Life Writing about Wartime Rape in Germany and Bosnia and Herzegovina Agatha Schwartz and Tatjana Takševa ABSTRACT This article discusses the personal narratives (both published and personal interviews collected for the purpose of this study) of female survivors of wartime rape in post– World War II Germany and postconfl ict Bosnia and Herzegovina. The authors exam- ine how the women succeed in fi nding their words both for and beyond the rupture caused by the rapes through examples of life writing that challenge the dominant mas- culinist historical narrative of war created for ideological reasons and for the benefi t of the nation-state. Using theories of trauma and insights by feminist scholars and historians, the authors argue that a transnational reading of survivors’ accounts from these very diff erent geopolitical and historical contexts not only shows multiple points of mutual infl uence, but also how these narratives can make a signifi cant contribution, both locally and globally, when it comes to revisiting how wartime rape is memorial- ized, and how lessons learned from the two contexts can be relevant and applicable in other situations of armed confl ict as well. KEYWORDS: agency, memory, narratives of women survivors, trauma, wartime rape p In this article, through the narratives of women survivors we explore the eff ects and transgenerational consequences of rape during two twentieth-century episodes of armed confl ict: the end of World War II in Germany and the war in Bosnia and Herze- govina (former Yugoslavia), 1992–1995.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Bibliography: GENDER BASED VIOLENCE Updated September 14
    Bibliography: GENDER BASED VIOLENCE Updated September 14, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abandonment……………………………………………………………….. Adolescents…………………………………………………………………… Advocacy………………………………………………………………………. Animal Harm…………………………………………………………………. Children..………………………….…………………….………………..…… Childhood abuse of parents & outcomes for next generation Climate Change…………………………………………………………….. Community……………………………………………………………………. Consent…………………………………………………………………………. Consequences: Depression/ Suicide………………………..….. Consequences: General………………………………………………… Consequences: Hygiene……….………………………………………. Consequences: Injury/Homicide…….…………………………….. Consequences : Job Choices / Professions of Survivors…. Consequences: Interventions……………………………………….. Consequences: Medical………………………………………………… Consequences: Medical Traumatic Brain Injury…………….. Consequences: Nutrition………………………………………………. Consequences: PTSD…………………………………………………….. Consequences: Sexual & Reproductive Health……………… Consequences: Substance Use……………………………………… COVID…………………………………………………………………………… Cultural Attitudes…………………………………………………………. General…………………………………………………………….. Africa………………………………………………………………… Sub-Saharan Africa………………………………… North Africa…………………………………………… West Africa……………………………………………. Central Africa…………………………………………. Northeast Africa…………………………………….. East Africa……………………………………………… South Africa……………………………………………. Americas……………………………………………………………. Central America…………………………………….. Haiti………………………………………………………. North America……………………………………….. South America……………………………………….. Asia Central Asia…………………………………………… 1 China………………………………………………………
    [Show full text]
  • Hear Our Voices
    HEAR OUR VOICES Undocumented children and young people share their stories ANONYMOUS The Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants Weight in gold (PICUM) is an international nongovernmental organisation that represents a network of 155 organisations working with undocumented Like the shadow that I am migrants in over 30 countries, primarily in Europe as well as in other You know me well world regions. With 15 years of evidence, experience and expertise I live near you But our lives are different. on undocumented migrants, PICUM promotes recognition and realisation of their human rights, providing an essential link between I’m undocumented, you see local realities and the debates at policy level. PICUM provides regular Hopeless and depressed recommendations and expertise to policy makers and institutions of My life is chaotic the United Nations, the Council of Europe and European Union, and has And I live it in fear. been awarded participatory/consultative status with both the United Nations and Council of Europe. I feel like I belong to this place But you’re quick to tell me that’s not the case. www.picum.org I am here, your neighbour Your colleague Your waiter at the restaurant Your son and I were classmates Did you notice? Published by Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM). With thanks to all the children, young people, their families and the support organisations that contributed. Same story, wherever I go Like the shadow that I am November 2016 I fade to black With support from: Crushed hopes and stifled dreams A lifetime of uncertainty The story of many like me Like pet parakeets that never flew Supported by a grant from the Foundation Open With financial support from the European So many never know how high they could soar Society Institute in cooperation with the Open Union Programme for Employment and Social Society Initiative for Europe of the Open Society Solidarity “EaSI” (2014-2020).
    [Show full text]
  • The Legal Process and Victims of Rape
    THE LEGAL PROCESS AND VICTIMS OF RAPE With the support of the European Union (Grotius Programme) The Dublin Rape Crisis Centre The School of Law, Trinity College Dublin The Legal Process and Victims of Rape A comparative analysis of the laws and legal procedures relating to rape, and their impact upon victims of rape, in the fifteen member states of the European Union September 1998 Dedication To all victims of rape and sexual violence. This Report was researched and written by Ivana Bacik Catherine Maunsell Susan Gogan Indexed and proof-read by Helen Litton Cover design by Susan Madigan Printed by Cahill Printers Limited, East Wall Road, Dublin 3 Published by The Dublin Rape Crisis Centre The Dublin Rape Crisis Centre 1998 Available through The Dublin Rape Crisis Centre 70 Lower Leeson Street Dublin 2 Ireland Tel: (353-1) 661 4911 Fax: (353-1) 661 0873 Administration, Post + Packaging IR£10 Contents Foreword xi Acknowledgements of the Project Supervisory Board xv Acknowledgements xvi Introduction xvii Chapter 1 Summary of Findings and Recommendations Introduction 1 1. The law on rape 1 2. Pre-trial 5 3. Trial 11 4. Separate legal representation 17 5. Post-trial 18 6. Statistics 21 7. Reform 22 Chapter 2 Literature Review: Victims of Rape and the Legal Process Introduction 24 1. Rape and sexual violence: the personal, familial and societal impact 24 2. Victims of rape and sexual violence and their experience of involvement with the legal process 30 3. Victims' experiences of reporting rape 32 4. Police treatment of victims of rape and sexual violence 36 5.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Treatment and Maltreatment of Women Room 15. Discussion Notes
    Secret Intelligence Service (C-I) On the Treatment and Maltreatment of Women Room 15. Discussion Notes On the MASS RAPE of GERMAN WOMEN During and following WW2 Churchill said to the Germans in January, 1945, "We Allies are no monsters. This, at least, I can say, on behalf of the United Nations, to Germany. Peace, though based on unconditional surrender, will bring to Germany and Japan immense and immediate alleviation of suffering and agony." Austin Joseph App says that those Allies who were "no monsters" literally raped more European women than had ever before been raped in the history of the world. German women were raped by members of the Russian, Polish, French and American forces during and at the end of World War II. During their flight to the West and the period of expulsions, German girls and women were also raped by Czechs, Serbians and Slovenians. Before that German soldiers and members of the SS troops had been the rapists. A nation defeated. German women suffered mass rape when Germany lost in 1945. These brave women try to build a future amongst the ruins of Berlin in 1945. At the end of World War II, Red Army soldiers are estimated to have raped around 2,000,000 German women and girls. Norman Naimark writes in "The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949." that although the exact number of women and girls who were raped by members of the Red Army in the months preceding and years following the capitulation will never be known, their numbers are likely in the hundreds of thousands, quite possibly as high as the 2,000,000 victims estimate made by Barbara Johr, in "Befreier und Befreite".
    [Show full text]
  • Reviewed Scott Dissertation Final
    MURDEROUS MOTHERS: FEMINIST VIOLENCE IN GERMAN LITERATURE AND FILM (1970-2000) Claire E. Scott A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Carolina-Duke Graduate Program in German Studies. Chapel Hill 2017 Approved by: Kata Gellen Stefani Engelstein Richard Langston Priscilla Layne Inga Pollmann ©2017 Claire E. Scott ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Claire E. Scott: Murderous Mothers: Feminist Violence in German Literature and Film (1970-2000) (Under the direction of Kata Gellen) This dissertation analyzes literary and filmic representations of violent mothers from late 20th-century Germany. It employs feminist theories of language and theories of the voice and the body in film to enhance close readings of texts in which female protagonists defy gendered expectations by perpetrating acts of aggression. Through an interplay between thematic violence and the transgression of aesthetic conventions, these works generate an imaginary of feminist violence that advances feminist politics. Highlighting this dynamic reveals female bodies and voices as important sites for working through both past and contemporary violence in the German context. In addition, this work has broader theoretical significance as an intermediary between feminist theories of language and materialist feminist theories. Instead of strategies for emancipation, these texts generate female subjectivities that are engaged, not in assertions of individuality, but in collective and collaborative storytelling practices. The first chapter considers Dea Loher’s Manhattan Medea (1999) and Christa Wolf’s Medea. Stimmen (1996). Both of these texts use the story of Medea to come to terms with a historical context in which the voices of outsiders are excluded.
    [Show full text]
  • Transitions from Nazism to Socialism: Grassroots Responses to Punitive and Rehabilitative Measures in Brandenburg, 1945-1952
    Transitions from Nazism to Socialism: Grassroots Responses to Punitive and Rehabilitative Measures in Brandenburg, 1945-1952 Doctoral Thesis of Julie Nicole Deering-Kraft University College London PhD in History 1 Declaration I, Julie Nicole Deering-Kraft, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This study examines transitions from Nazism to socialism in Brandenburg between 1945 and 1952. It explores the grassroots responses and their relative implications within the context of both punitive and rehabilitative measures implemented by the Soviet Military Administration (SMAD) and the communist Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). The present study is based on archival and oral history sources and addresses two main research questions: First, in what ways did people at the grassroots attempt to challenge the imposition of punitive measures, and did their responses have any effect on the manner in which these policies were implemented at a grassroots level? These punitive measures were designed to remove remnants of Nazism and included punitive Soviet practices, Soviet NKVD camps and denazification and sequestering. Second, to what extent did grassroots Brandenburgers participate in political organisations which were designed to integrate East Germans during the rehabilitative stage and what impact did these responses have on the post-war transition? This study focuses on the National Democratic Party and the Society for German-Soviet Friendship as well as examining wider factors which may have impeded and facilitated the processes of post-war transitions. Two main arguments are proposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Refugees Welcome Lithuania”
    Original Research Article: (2019), «EUREKA: Social and Humanities» full paper Number 1 SHAPING OF THE PUBLIC DISCOURSE ON REFUGEES IN SOCIAL MEDIA: “REFUGEES WELCOME LITHUANIA” Rūta Sutkutė Department of Public Communication Vytautas Magnus University 23-602 V. Putvinskio str., Kaunas, Lithuania, 44243 [email protected] Abstract Social media websites, such as Facebook and Twitter, are starting to become places, where people present and evaluate var- ious events in the world: terrorist attacks in London, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels. What is more, these websites influence values of their users and readers. Technologies allow people to exchange views at the very moment of the event. The time zone, area, or other physical aspects of the platform participants do not matter. However, this ability might cause negative impact on the discussed social groups. The aim of this article – to analyse the discourse formation in media regarding refugees’ integration and humanitarian crisis in Europe. The goals of this study are: to figure out how the practices of public participation evidences in the context of communica- tion through social media; to form a methodology according to up-to-date communicational concepts and analyse how the images of refugees are formed in social media; to reveal the main actors, involved in the formation of the discourse on refugees in Lithuania, by analysing the content in Facebook pages “Priimsiu pabėgėlį” (eng. “Refugees Welcome”) and “Visuomeninis komitetas prieš priverstinę imigraciją” (eng. “Public Committee against Forced Immigration”). Keywords: refugees, asylum seekers, terrorism, discourse, social media, facebook, “refugees welcome”, “public committee against forced immigration”. DOI: 10.21303/2504-5571.2019.00824 © Rūta Sutkutė 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing the Nation
    CH •X ANG DF E P w Click to buy NOW! w m o w c .d k. ocu•trac CONSTRUCTING THE NATION: THE ROLE OF THE BALLAD IN TWENTIETH CENTURY GERMAN NATIONAL IDENTITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SCOTLAND. Kirsten Kearney Submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy School of Languages, Cultures and Religions • German University of Stirling January 2007 CH •X ANG DF E P w Click to buy NOW! w m o w c .d k. ocu•trac ii Abstract This thesis focuses on the importance of the ballad in constructing national identity in Germany during the 20th century from 1918•1978. It presents a comparative approach using Scotland as a comparator, based on three significant time periods throughout the century: the Weimar Republic, the Nazi era and the German folk revival. In each of these eras the issue of national awareness was most in evidence and national identity was being created or was a particular object of tension. The modern Scottish literary renaissance and the Scottish folk revival will be used for comparative purposes. The comparative approach will also aid a deeper understanding of the concept of national identity itself. The hypothesis is that the ballad has contributed to the development of national identity in specific and differing ways in the two countries. Selected artists; poets, singers and Liedermacher have been chosen as representatives for each particular stage. The ballad in the 20th century has previously received little critical attention, thus this period has been chosen as the time frame of the thesis in an attempt to redress this balance and create new knowledge.
    [Show full text]