10.0 Transportation
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10.0 TRANSPORTATION 10.1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of the Irving Thoroughfare Plan, as a component of the Compre- hensive Plan, is to accommodate the existing and future roadway transportation needs of the City. The Thoroughfare Plan is one element of a coordinated trans- portation system to address the intermodal and multi-modal transportation needs of the City, while maintaining and improving the social, economic, and environ- mental quality of the community. The thoroughfare system is one of the most visible and permanent elements of the urban structure. Once the alignment and right-of-way of major transporta- tion facilities are established and adjacent property developed, it is difficult to obtain agreement to make significant changes to the system. Therefore, it is important that the City carefully evaluate its existing thoroughfare system with an eye toward preserving and enhancing its function. Because of increasing traffic congestion within the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, the continued growth of Irving as an employment center will be dependent upon the integration of thoroughfares with other multi-modal transportation systems. 10.2 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 10.2.1 Function of Thoroughfare Planning The Thoroughfare Plan defines a hierarchy of roadway functions that provide for both traffic movement and property access. The Plan also provides a clear statement of future roadway alignments, capacities (number of lanes), and right-of-way require- ments within the City of Irving. It has been developed to support the Future Land Use Plan by providing adequate capacity to move both people and goods. Thoroughfare Plan and Growth The Thoroughfare Plan is the basic element for ensuring the orderly implemen- tation of roadways in conjunction with economic growth and facilitates the pres- ervation of right-of-way in the development review process. The Plan provides guidance for determining appropriate land uses by identifying the ultimate con- figuration of the network. It also provides a guide for the programming of projects and allows for a rational and systematic provision of capacity. The Plan should reflect Comprehensive Plan • City of Irving 10-1 community goals; provide continuous routes; match expected land use patterns and characteristics; integrate with the regional freeway, expressway, and arterial system, as well as the plans of surrounding local jurisdictions; be sensitive to topographical features and constraints; and adapt to changing conditions. Traffic Impact Analysis Process In order to ensure that proposed land uses are compatible with the proposed roadway system and to help modify that system when necessary, a process of analyzing traffic impacts in conjunction with development proposals is recom- mended. This process should be conducted to ensure that adequate access is available for the proposed development; that sufficient roadway capacity exists to accommodate it; that the development is compatible with the characteristics of adjacent roadways; and to identify any improvements or modifications nec- essary to maintain mobility within the community. Access Management Managing access to arterial streets protects the public investment in roadways and ensures that the desire for access to private property is balanced with the mobility needs of the larger community. Safe and convenient access is in the interest of both the public traveling on a street and the needs of adjacent land uses. A system of roadway access management can promote both of these interests. Key objectives of access management include the limitation of the number of driveways; the encouragement of shared access drives between busi- nesses, and a common circulation system within a cluster of businesses; and the incorporation of design features (such as left- and right-turn lanes and medi- ans) which facilitate traffic flow. Transportation System Management Transportation management strategies focus on alleviating traffic congestion by allowing the existing transportation system to operate more efficiently and by reducing travel demand. Transportation system management (TSM) pertains to the management of roadway supply through the addition of high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, intersection improvements, signal re-timing, sidewalk wid- ening, traveler information systems (incident detection), etc. Transportation de- mand management (TDM) pertains to the alleviation of automobile traffic de- mand through enhanced transit and paratransit use, ridesharing, peak-spread- ing (flexible work schedules, staggered work hours, or compressed work weeks), and parking management. TDM programs are facilitated by Transportation Man- agement Organizations (TMO) which are proactive and involve the private sector in addressing transportation problems and needs. TSM and TDM strategies are complementary and should be considered before undertaking capital-intensive projects. 10-2 Comprehensive Plan • City of Irving Project Planning Coordination Due to the shortage of public dollars for improvements to federal and state road- way facilities, it is critical that the City remain actively involved in the develop- ment of TxDOT, Texas Turnpike Authority, and other public and private roadway projects to ensure that areawide plans are coordinated with City planned road- ways. In addition, future travel demand cannot be met by a transportation pro- gram limited to the construction of new roadways or the widening of existing facilities. Rather, a multi-modal system will be required which will provide alter- native modes of travel to the private automobile. Therefore, the City should remain actively involved in the regional planning activities of DART and the Trin- ity Railway Express. With Irving emerging as a major business activity center, maintaining and enhancing traffic circulation will be vital to the economic health of the community. Plan Update The Thoroughfare Plan should be reviewed on a regular basis and updated to respond to changes in local conditions. As new information about prospective developments is obtained, the Plan should be refined to maintain a balance be- tween public mobility and neighborhood integrity throughout the community. The major benefits provided by the Thoroughfare Plan include: • minimizing the amount of right-of-way needed in advance of new devel- opment, or as it occurs; • designing roadways that will stabilize traffic and land-use patterns; • limiting the potential for high traffic volumes on neighborhood streets; • anticipating when funds must be programmed for needed roadway im- provements; and • reducing the potential deterioration of economic growth due to increased traffic congestion. Five elements form the framework of an effective Thoroughfare Plan: 1. A long-range Plan that addresses projected growth. 2. A process to review the traffic impacts of new developments. 3. Implementation of access management and Transportation System Man- agement programs. 4. Coordination with regional and state (Texas Turnpike Authority, TxDOT, Dallas County, DART) planning programs. 5. A process for updating/revising the Plan as conditions warrant. Comprehensive Plan • City of Irving 10-3 10.2.2 Thoroughfare Planning Process Several elements must be considered in the process of developing a Thoroughfare Plan, including the Future Land Use Plan, travel demands, movement and access requirements, and physical constraints to roadway construction. The type of land uses that are existing and planned for an area affect the roadway capacity and access needs for that area. For example, a densely developed commercial or office area with higher travel demand will require more closely spaced roadways with greater capacity than will a low density residential area. Moreover, special efforts will be required in the thoroughfare planning process to ensure that the integrity of residential neighbor- hoods is protected from unwanted and undesired vehicular traffic. Balancing the movement and access functions of the thoroughfare system is another consideration in the planning process. Roadways serve two competing functions: the movement of traffic and access to properties. A conflict exists as ingress and egress maneuvers from local properties impede the movement of traffic on major roadways, and as high traffic volumes impede turning movements in and out of driveways. Con- trolling access so that these two competing functions occur on separate sections of the thoroughfare system is a primary objective of the process. Finally, review and comment by government decision makers, civic and neighbor- hood interest groups, and the citizenry in general is one of the most important steps in the planning process. No planning can be successfully implemented without the input from, and support of, these groups and individuals, as they will ultimately deter- mine the balance between maintaining mobility and neighborhood integrity. One of the key analytical tools used in the preparation of most Thoroughfare Plans is a travel demand forecasting model. Currently, long range travel projections for the Metroplex are prepared by the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG). To develop more detailed traffic forecasts for roadways within the City of Irving, the Traffic and Transportation Department initiated the development of a sub- area model. This model uses the basic modeling procedures of the NCTCOG to maintain consistency in the traffic forecasting process, but focuses on the Irving area rather than the region as a whole. An overview of this process is described in a