Korea Rail Network Authority Is a State Owned Agency Established In

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Korea Rail Network Authority is a state owned agency established in January 2004 for construction and management of railways including high speed, conventional and urban rail infrastructures.

Business Area Annual Budget . Railway Construction 600 556 High speed railways, conventional railways, intercity railways, privately invested railways, trans-Korean railway Fields of communication, civil, trackbed, electric power, signaling 400 and rolling stock. . Railway Facilities & Standard Management 200 Maintenance and repair of high speed railways and conventional 46 railways, facilities improvement, standardization 0 . Railway Assets Management Estimate [million dollars] Development of railway station spheres and station complexes, Total LTE-R lease of railway assets, public housing projects . Overseas Railway Projects Project management, design and construction supervision, technical consultation, privately invested projects

Different Radio Integrated Need for Public Communication Public Safety Network System Network

• Sewol Ferry Disaster (2014) • LTE-R (LTE-Railway)

• Daegu Subway Fire (2003) • PS-LTE (Public Safety LTE)

... • LTE-M (LTE-Maritime)

Broad- G Integrated u Broadcasting G Integrated G casting Guard Telecommunication a u Telecommunication u Public r : 3CH Public ↑ (20 MHz) a ↓ (20 MHz) a Network↑ d r Network ↓ r d (10MHz) Remote MIC (10MHz) d ▣ VHF (Conventional Line)

Wireless Communication System Railway Line VHF TRS-ASTRO TRS-TETRA Conventional Entire route ◎ Rail Gyeongbu Phase1 Seoul~Dongdaegu ◎ □ High-speed Rail Phase2 Dongdaegu~Busan △ Honam High-speed Osong~Gwangju △ Rail Seoul Metropolitan Suseo~Pyeongtaek △ High-speed Rail ※ Gyeongbu line train has an on-board equipment and each train crew carries three different mobile devices.

▣ TRS (High-speed Line)

. A railway wireless communication system for train operation and maintenance . Supports railway specific wireless services(voice, video, large data) between trains and stations based on 4G technology LTE . The first LTE-R for high-speed railway is implemented on Wonju~Gangneung Line

1G. 2G 3G 4G

VHF TRS N/A LTE-R Railway Wireless Communication Voice Voice Voice System Small DATA(below 200 kbps) Large DATA(below 75Mbps) Video Proposal of LTE-R Project on Wonju~Gangneung Line based on IRIS(MOLIT) & frequency reallocation(MSIT) plans

*MOLIT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport / KRNA: Korea Rail Network Authority / MSIT: Ministry of Science and ICT E P C Rel.11 Standard Antenna applied

Optical Cable

RRU distance: 1Km

Iksan Station GimjeT HoiryongT WoosanT Jeongeup Station NoryeongT (Test Center)

AM Telecom HOIMYUNG ICT Mobile Device On-board Device Based on 3GPP LTE standards, design effective 13 Data transmission delay PASS (28ms) ≤ 600ms Propriety of LTE-R 1 network with the minimum equipment network architecture ※ Ref. : 3GPP TS23.228 "IP multimedia subsystem(IMS)", 14 Continuous packet loss rate PASS (0s) ≤ 5s 3GPP TS23.401 "GPRS for E-UTRAN Access“ Redundancy of major EPC/DU/RRU coverage redundancy for LTE-R Device mobility, call quality, private/group/emergency 2 15 On-board device requirements equipment network stability calls, device locating, voice calls, ambience listening , etc. RRU distance Tunnel: 1km 3 Coverage redundancy 16 On-board device prototype Prototype manufacture completed (Tunnel, Open area) Open area: 1km 17 On-board device call quality PASS (DAQ 4.0) ≥ DAQ 4.0 4 DU handover PASS (100%) ≥ 99% (※ 2T8R) Call setup time, call connection success rate, long call RRU ≥ 5 handover PASS (100%) 99% (※ 2T8R) 18 Mobile device requirements drop rate, private/group/emergency calls, device Field strength PASS location, call quality, video calls , etc. 6 46dBm (RRU output) (46.62dBm) 19 Mobile device Prototype Prototype manufacture completed 7 Coverage PASS (98.8%) ≥ 98% (≥ RSRP –110dBm) 20 Mobile device call quality PASS (DAQ 4.0) ≥ DAQ 4.0

Emergency : ≤ 2sec 100% Common standards : 3GPP TS 23.107, TS 23.203, TS 23.207 ≤ PASS (100%) Group : 2.5sec 100% 21 QoS control requirements Gx interface standard : 3GPP TS 29.210 1) ≤ 8 Call setup time PASS (100%) Others : 5sec 100% Rx interface standard : 3GPP TS 29.214 PASS (100%) ※ Others : Voice/Video calls except emergency/group calls, external PSTN Prototype manufacture completed is not considered 22 QoS control prototype (※ LTE-R : PCRF and eNB supports QoS control) Handover success PASS (100%) Open area: ≥ 99% 9 rate PASS (100%) Tunnel: ≥ 99% 23 LTE-R Network attach time PASS (414ms) ≤ 500ms Call connection 10 PASS (100%) ≥ 99% success rate ※ Criteria Source - No.4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 20 : TTAK.KO-06.0369 “Functional requirements for LTE based railway communication”, TTAK.KO-06.0370 “User requirements for LTE based railway communication” 11 Long call drop rate PASS (none) ≤ 0.01 times/hour - No.6 : 3GPP TS36.101 “E-UTRA; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception” - No.7 : 3GPP TS36.304 "E-UTRA; User Equipment procedures in idle mode“ Data transmission - No.13, 14, 20, 23 : LTE-R national R&D project, Stage 1 12 PASS (100%) ≥ 99% success rate ”Final report on standardization and performance test of radio-based train control system“ - No.17 : Honam high-speed rail railway wireless system standard DAQ 4.0

Frequency Interference between LTE-R, PS-LTE and LTE-M

• Frequency Interference between Integrated Public Networks using 700 MHz bandwidth.

SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for interference optimization Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport • Related institutes (MOLIT, MOIS, MOF) established SOP

• Applying RAN Sharing between Integrated Public Networks

• Setting up resource allocation rules and standard interworking procedure

Ministry of Ministry of Oceans the Interior and Safety and Fisheries Equipment Class Condition Communication mode OFDMA – mobile station direction Communication mode SC-FDMA Common Condition – base station direction Occupied bandwidth ≤ 10 ㎒ one out of G7D, D7D, D7W, G7W, W7W Radio wave type (※ LTE-R : G7W, D7W) Antenna power below 80W Frequency tolerance ± (designated frequency×5×10-8+12㎐) Base Station Transmitting Unwanted emission mean power of resolution bandwidth depends on frequency difference

Adjacent channel leakage power ≤ 44.2 dB than the average power of the fundamental frequency Spurious emission ≤ -57 dBm Base Station Receiving Adjacent channel selectivity ≥ 76 dB from 698 ㎒ to 710 ㎒ Antenna power ≤ 2W (≤ 200mW for mobile device) Frequency tolerance ±(designated frequencyX10–7+15㎐) Mobile Station Transmitting Unwanted emission mean power of resolution bandwidth depends on frequency difference Adjacent channel leakage power ≤ 29.2dB than the average power of the fundamental frequency Spurious emission ≤ -57 dBm Mobile Station Receiving Adjacent channel selectivity ≥ 53 dB from 753 ㎒ to 771 ㎒ Allocation of Telecommunication Network Identification Number

• PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) ID = Mobile Country Code + Mobile Network Code 31 LTE-R (Subway)

LTE-R (Railway) : 4 5 0 3 3 33 LTE-R (Railway)

Allocation of Identification Number & Dialing Code

• Phone number = Network ID No. + Dialing Code + Subscriber No.

700 ~ 799 Railway 1 Million LTE-R 800 ~ 899 Subway

‘16 ‘17 ‘18 Demonstration MME, SAE-GW, PCRF, HSS CSCF, Samsung AS, Electronics COVADA MCPTT

MGCF Samsung Electronics MGW IPAGEON

MRF NOKIA * DU : Digital Unit / RRU : Remote Radio Unit

ELUON Samsung IBCF, Electronics AMTelecom TrGW

HOIMYUNGICT LTE-R Total NMS RoIP GW RoIP GW Mobile device coverage (≥ RSRP -110dBm 98%) On-board device coverage (≥ RSRP -95dBm 95%)

「Final Report on Radio-based Train Control System Standardization and Performance Test (2014, KAIA)」 *KAIA: Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement

+90 +90 +90

-10 -10 -10

-20 -20 -20

180 0 180 0 180 0

-90 -90 -90  Node dualization switch condition : Redundancy failure of core equipment  Control Center 2 Sub-control Center Switch procedure by Fault Level EPC, IMS, MCPTT, EPC, IMS, MCPTT, Equipment Switch Procedure Command server Command server Fault Level Service Impact redundancy simplification (Redundancy Failure) (Node Dualization) MME, HSS, MCPTT, Critical VoLTE, MCPTT available Immediate switch 1 3 CSCF, SAE-GW eNB VoLTE, MCPTT available Idle hour switch Major AS, MRF, PCRF Supplementary service not available (Call (after service decision) UE forwarding, etc.) IBCF/TrGW, MGCF, VoLTE, MCPTT available No switching Minor 1 In service–Traffic processed at Control Center MGW PS-LTE & internal calls not uvailable (Equipment recovery) 2 Switch to sub-control center in case of  control center failure Switch Plan : When critical fault occurs, follow switch procedure after monitoring LTE-R NMS  3 Traffic processed at Sub-control Center Control center-Sub-control Center runs in Active-Standby mode(Hot Site), control center is operating in service

Switch Test Switch Test Equipment Redundancy Note Equipment Redundancy Note Equipment Redundancy Switch Test Result Result Result DU #1 MME CSCF/BGCF Integration Same as EPC Server/Port/Po AS server  Active-Standby DU1:1 S-GW Shelf #1 Autoswitch wer/SW DU Redundancy Auto switch Integration MRF Auto switch DU (Samsung:30secs EPC P-GW Redundancy IMS Redundancy  Active-Standby DUare (in seconds) server MGCF (in seconds) DU #2 (Active/ Server Single managedas one eNB /Nokia:7~13mins) HSS Standby) IBCF/TrGW Redundancy server Shelf #2 PCRF MGW

• LTE-R for Wonju-Gangneung High-Speed Railway (Max. speed : 250km/h) → Assurance of 98% service coverage, Average data throughput DL 40Mbps, UL 20Mbps • Supports wireless services for IoT, unmanned technology, etc. (following 3GPP international standards)

Category GSM-R LTE-R

• Global (Europe, China, etc.) • Republic of Korea (World’s first LTE-R for high-speed Range railway on Wonju~Gangneung line)

Throughput • Max. 172Kbps(DL), 172Kbps(UL) • Avg. DL 40Mbps, UL 20Mbps ※ 10MHz bandwidth • Voice & Low-rate data • Voice, Video, High-rate data (ETCS/ERTMS LevelⅡ Voice PTT, Nonstandard) (Video+Voice PTT, MCPTT Standard, Service MCPTT QCI69/Signaling, 65/Voice, 70/File applied) • Functional & Location dependent addressing

Openness & Availability Railway Environment Maintenance • 3GPP satisfied equipment • Redundancy/Dualization for seamless • Improved maintenance with LTE-R • DU receives 12 RRUs Max. railway services NMS • • Max. 75Mbps of data throughput • Stable operation in -30°C (DU, RRU) Supports remote antenna tilting • Optimal handover at high- • Antenna, RRU, UPS: earthquake /salt speed(250km/h) attack/vibration/water/dust -proof using virtual technologies(2T2R) certification

DU1(Standby) Auto-switch DU2(Standby) DU3(Standby) in case of DU2 failure DU1(Active) DU2(Active) DU3(Active)

① RRU alternation for cell ② Takes 66sec from RRU2-1 ③ RRU2-3 is in service after coverage redundancy to RRU2-3 for train about 30sec of switch time

Switching Seamless MTTR operation in case time 250Km/h of DU failure DU 4hours 30 sec (Samsung)

Control Center 3 Traffic flow of backhaul architecture 1GbE 1 1G capacity IP MPLS applied Servers EPC 1GbE

3 1GbE ● ●

● 2 ● 2 1 Equipment redundancy Backbone DWDM 2 L3(IP MPLS) Sub-control Center L3(IP MPLS) Servers EPC 3 3 DWDM interface 1GbE 1GbE Cell Config. Result RSRP SINR DL (Mbps) UL (Mbps) 2T2R Avg. -71.7 18.2 33.2 10.2 2T4R Avg. -70.1 23.6 42.6 14.4

SINR RSRP UL DL With 2T4R(copy cell), 25 -68 number of handover reduced 23.6 2T2R 10.2 33.2 20 -70.1 -70 18.2 2T4R 14.4 42.6 15 -71.7 -72 Improvement of 2T2R 2T4R 0 20 40 60 SINR and other qualities

According to characteristics of each site, different cell configuration is applied  Open Area : 2T2R  Station and Tunnel Area : 2T4R • Measurement of coverage for mobile devices with RSRP -110 dBm or more

• Measurement of handover success rate at speed of 250 km/h

• Validation of LTE-R quality such as call success rate, data throughput and data transmission success rate

Major Facilities Mobile Device Criteria Railroad Station (Control station, Depot) Call success ra Coverage 99.717% -110dBm, over 98% 99.10% 99.63% 99.51% te

Avg. Data Major Facilities Transmission Major Facilities Railroad Station Railroad Station Throughput (Control station, Depot) success rate (Control station, Depot) DL (Mbps) 35.950 53.154 61.125 DL 99.27% 99.98% 100.0% UL (Mbps) 15.304 19.755 20.419 UL 99.15% 99.96% 100.0%

Handover Mobile Device Criteria success rate DU 99.880% Over 98% RRU 99.895%

• Traffic capacity of LTE-R on Wonju ~ Gangneung : Average UL 20Mbps, DL 40Mbps (VoLTE Voice 45Kbps, Video 1Mbps / MCPTT Voice 60Kbps, Video 1Mbps) Data Path Traffic capacity (avg.) Capacity used (Estimate※) Free capacity UL 20Mbps 10.6Mbps 47% DL 40Mbps 4.8Mbps 88%

※ Final report on standard system implementation and performance test of radio-based train control system (2014, KAIA)

『Research on Linking Plan for Industry 4.0 Using LTE-R』 (2017.8 ~ 2018.7)

eMBMS (evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service) based application services

Korean Radio-based Train Control System

~2020

Replacement of entire signal system with KRTCS_2 (~2029) • Based on validation result on Wonju~Gangneung line • Example application on Jeolla High-speed Railway (2018~) • New and upgrading lines first The world’s first LTE-R opens a new chapter of railway wireless communication!

Thank you