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FY07 Engineering Research & Technology Report Acknowledgments Manuscript Date April 2008 Distribution Category UC-42 Scientific Editor Camille Minichino This report has been reproduced directly from the best copy available. Graphic Designer Available from Irene J. Chan National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Project Manager Springfield, VA 22161 Debbie A. Ortega Production Staff Or online at www-eng.llnl.gov/pubs.html Jeffrey B. Bonivert Lucy C. Dobson Kathy J. McCullough This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, Cover: does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or Graphics representing projects from favoring by the United States Government or Lawrence Livermore National Engineeringʼs technology areas. Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. ENG-07-0052 A Message from Steven R. Patterson Associate Director for Engineering his report summarizes the core research, develop- and DoD systems performing at their limits, to advanc- Tment, and technology accomplishments in Lawrence es for treating photonic and microfl uidic systems. Livermore National Laboratory’s Engineering Director- FY2007 research projects encompassed coupling ate for FY2007. These efforts exemplify Engineering’s standard fi nite element analysis methods with “mesh- more than 50-year history of developing and applying less” methods to address systems performing at and the technologies needed to support the Laboratory’s beyond failure; and multi-physics coupling of electro- national security missions. A partner in every major magnetics with structural mechanics to simulate program and project at the Laboratory throughout its systems such as electromagnetic railguns. Technology existence, Engineering has prepared for this role with projects included enhancements, verifi cation, and vali- a skilled workforce and technical resources devel- dation of engineering simulation tools and capabilities; oped through both internal and external venues. These progress in visualization and data management tools; accomplishments embody Engineering’s mission: and extensions of our competence in structural damage “Enable program success today and ensure the Labora- analysis. tory’s vitality tomorrow.” Measurement Technologies comprise activities Engineering’s mission is carried out through in nondestructive characterization, metrology, sen- research and technology. Research is the vehicle for sor systems, and ultrafast technologies for advanced creating competencies that are cutting-edge, or require diagnostics. The advances in this area are essential for discovery-class groundwork to be fully understood. the future experimental needs in Inertial Confi nement Our technology efforts are discipline-oriented, prepar- Fusion, High-Energy-Density Physics, Weapons, and ing research breakthroughs for broader application to a Department of Homeland Security programs. variety of Laboratory needs. The term commonly used FY2007 research featured probes for micrometer- for technology-based projects is “reduction to prac- scale metrology; investigations into terahertz systems tice.” for explosives and detection; illicit radionuclide detec- This report combines our work in research and tion; and investigation of the structure and properties technology into one volume, organized into thematic of nanoporous materials. Technology projects included technical areas: Engineering Modeling and Simulation; new error budgeting tools for nondestructive evaluation Measurement Technologies; Micro/ Nano-Devices and systems; x-ray system modeling; laser-based ultrasound Structures; Engineering Systems for Knowledge and applications; and tools to aid in the identifi cation of Inference; and Energy Manipulation. defects in large CT data sets. Engineering Modeling and Simulation efforts focus Micro/Nano-Devices and Structures encompass on the research, development, and deployment of com- technology efforts that fuel the commercial growth of putational technologies that provide the foundational microelectronics and sensors, while simultaneously capabilities to address most facets of Engineering’s customizing these technologies for unique, noncom- mission. Current activities range from fundamental ad- mercial applications that are mission-specifi c to the vances to enable accurate modeling of full-scale DOE Laboratory and DOE. The Laboratory’s R&D talent ii FY07 Engineering Research and Technology Report Introduction and unique fabrication facilities have enabled highly be possible for problems as complex as the prediction innovative and custom solutions to technology needs of disease outbreaks or advance warning of terrorist in Stockpile Monitoring and Stewardship, Homeland threats. Security, and Intelligence. FY2007 research efforts were centered on the de- FY2007 research projects included systems for composition of large-scale semantic graphs. Technology defense against biothreats and for the manipulation of efforts included a testbed to evaluate hierarchical clus- biomolecules and viruses; studies of transport behav- tering; and work on a statistical approach to the design ior and crystal-driven neutron sources. Technology of complex systems in the presence of uncertainty. projects included laser pantography; pyrosequencing Energy Manipulation, a long time focus that is and validation of acoustic modeling for microfl uidic receiving increased emphasis due to newly emerging systems; construction of diagnostics for optical gating; applications, encompasses the fundamental under- applications of lasers and optical sensors; and new standing and technology deployment for many modern capabilities for micro- and nano-fabrication. pulsed-power applications. This area has broad appli- Engineering Systems for Knowledge and Inference, cations for magnetic fl ux compression generators and an emerging focus area for Engineering as well as components for modern accelerators. for the country at large, encompasses a wide variety FY2007 research focused on an ultra-high velocity of technologies. The goal is to generate new under- railgun. Technology efforts focused on railgun pulse standing or knowledge of situations, thereby allowing power systems and diagnostics; UV-induced fl ashover; anticipation or prediction of possible outcomes. With diagnostics for electrical breakdown in vacuum; and this knowledge, a more comprehensive solution may fi ber optic current measurements. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory iii Contents Introduction A Message from Steven R. Patterson ....................................................................................................................................................... ii Engineering Modeling and Simulation Deformation of Low Symmetry and Multiphase Materials Nathan R. Barton .........................................................................................................................................2 Plasticity at High Pressures and Strain Rates Using Oblique-Impact Isentropic-Compression Experiments Jeffrey N. Florando ......................................................................................................................................4 “Natural Neighbor” Meshless Method for Modeling Extreme Deformations and Failure Michael A. Puso ..........................................................................................................................................6 Laser Glass Damage: Computational Analysis of Mitigation Process James S. Stölken ..........................................................................................................................................8 Electro-Thermal-Mechanical Simulation Capability Daniel White ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Petascale Simulation Initiative John M. May ............................................................................................................................................. 12 Electromagnetics Code Management Daniel White ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Finite Element Analysis Visualization and Data Management Bob Corey ................................................................................................................................................. 16 Rotational Kinematics Output and Other Improvements in DYNA3D Jerry I. Lin ................................................................................................................................................. 18 NIDE3D Code Maintenance and
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