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Sixty Successful Years of the Antarctic Treaty

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Sixty Successful Years of the Antarctic Treaty Teleconnections South America-Antarctica Deschampsia antarctica vs Cancer Polar ction in English Interview Kirk Johnson (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History) Proposal for a new Marine Protected Area Science Program 2019-2020 ADvcE i CHiL A T rcTiC Ci E cE n5–2019 Sixty successful years issn 0719-5036 of the Antarctic Treaty C o �TE�T� 01 editorial Official publication of inach. Its goals include dissemination of information on the Chilean O2 short notes Antarctic Science Program and related activities. Ilaia has a circulation of 1,000 copies, 02 Fossil Patagonia: An intriguing project to encourage distributed free of charge to regional and “science tourism” national authorities, international Antarctic 02 Celebrating the 500th anniversary of the discovery of the Strait of institutions, Chilean and foreign libraries, Magellan and 200 years of Antarctic exploration s. izquierdo universities, and researchers. Ilaia is an annual 03 Open call for media coverage of the 55th Chilean Antarctic Editorial publication. The opinions expressed here are Scientific Expedition those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of inach. Total or partial The Antarctic Treaty: 60 years of peace, 04 advances in chilean antarctic science reproduction is allowed with mention of the knowledge... and hope source. “Ilaia” is a Yagan word that means 04 Teleconnections: South America-Antarctica. How does the White Continent affect South America? “beyond the South.” Dr. Marcelo Leppe 05 Physical Teleconnections with Antarctica Director inach 06 Ozone hole influence on rainfall in South America 08 Oceanic-Atmospheric System Teleconnections: interactions he number of international migrants (people living in a country other than their country of between Antarctica (Southern Ocean) and Chile (South Pacific) birth) reached 258 million worldwide in 2017. The economic and social crises that occur in many parts of the world lead us to believe that this number has increased. Almost half of the director 10 Biological Teleconnections: South America-Antarctica Tmigrants (48%) are women and more than 36 million are children (data from https://migrationdat- Marcelo Leppe 12 Antarctic isolation, under the spotlight aportal.org/). This phenomenon has stimulated public discussion about several issues of great importance. editor 14 Boeckella poppei and Halicarcinus planatus: Borders and immigration policies. Identity and how it is built and how it changes. The socio-economic Reiner Canales Two crustaceans testing the circumpolar barrier impact of the arrival of large numbers of people in certain territories. [email protected] 18 Environmental Teleconnections Is there a link between these migrations and the climate crisis? In a global warming scenario of 20 More than the sum of its parts: Biomagnification and the effects 2ºC, the projected increase in sea level is 5 meters or more in the coming centuries. If it is possible editorial advisory committee of pollutants on coastal areas of Antarctica and Patagonia to limit the heating to 1.5ºC, the rise in sea level would be maintained under 1 meter in the long term. Marcelo Leppe, Edgardo Vega, The bad news is that this latter scenario is no longer achievable, and we are facing a more likely 22 Antarctic pollution pathways Marcelo González, Paulina Rojas, scenario of an increase of 1.7ºC or more. Elías Barticevic. 24 Ancient Teleconnections between South America and Antarctica Consequently, if we don’t currently accept that there is a relationship between migrations and climate change, in the future we could see a stronger linkage, with perhaps entire populations aban- 26 Echoes of a once-green Antarctica in modern Chile translation doning coastal areas or places inexorably struck by endless drought. Robert Runyard In Antarctica and especially in the Peninsula, a warming of only 1.5º C will have considerable ef- fects. The number of days with temperatures above 0ºC will increase, rains will increase and the ice 30 A compound derived from Antarctic plant inhibits growth surface will melt. The ocean will become more turbulent and will release heat to the surface of the sea photography in colorectal cancer and to the coasts. The distribution patterns of marine life will change and in the continent new spaces inach archives, René Quinán, Harry will be opened for the successful arrival of non-native species. Again, the projections appear bleak. Díaz, Pablo Ruiz, Sergio Izquierdo, 32 horizon scan This year, from 2-13 December, Chile will host COP25, the highest decision-making body of the Felipe Trueba. 34 Antarctic fiction in English: A thematic analysis United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which brings together 196 member coun- tries plus the European Union (197 parties). This is the largest such summit held each year to address design global action against this phenomenon. 40 international collaboration www.negro.cl Members of the scientific community, and particularly those dedicated to Antarctic science, 42 Interview. Dr. Kirk Johnson, are making their best and biggest efforts to supply information that illustrates the current state of cover illustration Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History the climate crisis and its possible projections, with an eye on collaboration to assist with political decision making. Harol Bustos 46 Interview. Gabriela Roldán, And so we can now look at the legacy of the Antarctic Treaty from a brighter and more optimistic Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Printed by Ograma perspective. Signed almost 60 years ago and today endorsed by 54 countries, the Treaty pursues 49 Interview. Dr. César Cárdenas, the vision of protecting an entire region, promoting science and other peaceful activities, where the Chilean Antarctic Institute only frontiers are those of the human desires and capabilities to produce greater knowledge, all the Instituto Antártico Chileno - inach while without putting at risk the preservation of this polar region. Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055 52 chilean antarctic science program 2019-2020 The Antarctic spirit of fraternity and collaboration is palpable not only on the White Continent, Punta Arenas, Chile but also in the cities which serve as the gateways to this icy region, and in the countries that feel Phone (56-61) 229 81 00 the call of Antarctica. In December we will celebrate the six decades of this unique instrument of 67 antarctic science publications 2018 (Web of Science) [email protected] international relations, an example of the human ability to reach agreements and put the interests (and rights) of future generations first. Let’s hope that this will serve as an example for key decisions Reg. Prop. Int. nº 224.246 75 southern lights that must be made sooner rather than later. ilAiA | short notes ilAiA | short notes Open call for media shOrt NOtEs coverage of the 55th Chilean Antarctic Scientific Expedition n 2018, for the first time, the Chilean Antarctic Insti- tour guides and public officials, we hope will prove to be tute (INACH), held an open Fossil Patagonia: An intriguing project The materials produced beneficial in this new paleo-tourism route.” Isolicitation to choose the me- under this project to encourage “science tourism” The head of the Antarctic Institute also stressed that are available for free dia that would cover its 55th he would like to see the creation of a way of observing download at this Antarctic Scientific Expedition these “paleo” objects, where the citizens of the Magallanes site: www.inach.cl/ (ECA 55) and disseminate the patagoniafosil An investment of 180 million pesos (about region would be able to generate high quality scientific in- information concerning the US$270,000) and 30 months of work has formation which would serve as the basis for technology Chilean Antarctic Science Pro- culminated in the completion of a special- transfer and the development of useful subject matter. “We trueba f. gram (procien). The goal was interest tourism project that attempts are providing a guide book to foster the understanding of to communicate knowledge of the landscape here, to tell its story. We stress that this is Antarctic matters for the great- to “open a window into time” to travel not intended to serve as a guide for fossil hunters. This er community, through media presence that features high back to the Cretaceous period to discover document is free and downloadable from the inach web quality journalism and addresses a wide range of interests. the ancient connection between South page. We have a limited hard-copy printing and we are This effort hopes to develop a national community that aiming at the tourism and educational sectors to develop infrastructure, interconnectivity, the promotion of tourism appreciates the importance of knowledge about the White America and Antarctica. their own competencies.”• and investment, as well as scientific cooperation and pro- Continent as well as measures for its protection. tection of the environment. Media professionals (newspapers, radio, television, and n January 2016, the electronic media) and audio-visual producers were invit- Chilean Antarctic Institute 200 years of Antarctic exploration ed to apply and become “embedded” within the Antarctic (inach), with financing In 2020, the 200th anniversary of three decisive milestones Scientific Expedition. This would include travelling to the Ifrom the Economic Develop- Antarctic Peninsula region for on-site reporting on Chilean of Antarctic exploration will also take place. These include
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