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INSPIRE THE FUTURE TO MOVE THE WORLD Under the slogan Inspire the future to move the world, the National Commission of Bioethics of Mexico (CONBIOETICA) organized, from June nd to th, the th World Congress of Bioethics, which gathered the world-renowned experts, researchers and scholars in the eld. This event made it possible to address the leading tendencies in the eld of Bioethics, their development and application, as well as to strengthen actions that may help to spread Bioethical knowledge in research, teaching and healthcare among experts and the general population. The themes addressed in the congress were grouped into four main categories: Global Health, Science, Society, and the Individual. INSPIRE THE FUTURE TO MOVE THE WORLD INSPIRE THE FUTURE TO MOVE THE WORLD Th World Congress of Bioethics: Inspire The Future To Move The World First edition 2015 2015 Comisión Nacional de Bioética/Secretaría de Salud Calzada Arenal No. 134, col. Arenal Tepepan, C.P. 14610, Deleg. Tlalpan, México, D.F. Phone: +52 55 54872760 http://conbioetica-mexico.salud.gob.mx ISBN: 978-607-460-475-7 Edited by: Manuel Hugo Ruiz de Chávez Guerrero Raúl Jiménez Piña David Koepsell Proofreading coordinator: José Manuel Lozoya Pacheco Proofreading: Aideé Orozco Pérez, América Nelly Pérez Manjarrez, Ángeles Marina Adame Gayosso, Edén González Roldán, Eduardo Casillas González, Gabriela Pineda Hernández, Gustavo Olaiz Barragán, Karla Gabriela Sánchez Villanueva, Mario Patricio Silva Schütte, Marisa Valdés Fernández, Miguel Ángel Morales Gutiérrez, Sandra Lizbeth Carrizosa Guzmán. Design: EDITARTE www.editarte.com.mx Printed and made in Mexico Editor’s note: The views expressed on this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the point of view of the National Bioethics Commission of Mexico. All images and pictures were taken from the authors’ presentations. It was considered best to keep the original sense of the plenary sessions´ lectures. Consequently, these are published in the language they were delivered, which is also, why some of them appear in English or Spanish, and only a style review was made -barely correcting slip-ups in the spoken discourse. CONTENT Presentation Foreword Acknowledgments Preface . The World Congress of Bioethics The th World Congress of Bioethics . Opening Session . Mercedes Juan Secretary of Health, Mexico .. Manuel H Ruiz de Chávez President of the 12th World Congress of Bioethics . Søren Holm President of the International Association of Bioethics . Key Note Sessions .. Crossover - session a. Ruth Macklin Health, Safety, and Women’s Human Rights 33 b. Søren Holm Families, Obligations and Genetics 38 . Session a. Introduction 41 b. Tom Beauchamp Why We Need the System of Research Ethics We Have and How It Needs to Change? 44 c. Norman Daniels What are the Roles of the Courts and Health Systems in the Progressive Realization of a Right to Health? 51 d. Julio Frenk Mora Ethical Foundations of Health Policy 57 . Session a. Introduction 64 b. Christine Grady The US Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues and Compensation for Research Related Injury 67 c. Juan Ramón de la Fuente Medicine and Human Values 74 d. Jonathan D. Moreno Mind Wars: Brain Science and the Military in the 21st Century 80 e. Amar Jesani New Clinical Trials (CTs) Regulations in India: Bioethics Learns Through Engagement and Confl ict 87 . Session a. Introduction 94 b. María Casado Ethics Committees: From Protector to Legitimizers 97 c. Peter Kemp The Irreplaceable: A Fundamental Principle of Bioethics 104 d. Juliana González Philosophical Perspectives on Bioethics 111 . Session a. Introduction 117 b. José Ramón Cossío Propuestas para la regulación del tratamiento de las muestras biológicas y los datos genéticos humanos 120 c. Maria do Céu Patrão Neves The New European Regulation on Clinical Trials 126 d. Ruth Faden HeLa Cells, Social Justice and the Ethics of Science 133 . Session a. Introduction 140 b. Andrew Haines Climate Change and Human Health Ethical Challenges 143 c. José Sarukhán Elements of an Environmental Ethics 149 d. Evandro Agazzi Bioethics as a New Paradigm of Ethics for the Contemporary World 155 . Session a. Introduction 159 b. Eduardo Matos Moctezuma Los estudios faunísticos en el Templo Mayor de Tenochtitlán 162 c. Carlos Viesca Treviño Human Body in Ancient Mexico’s World View 165 d. Patrick Johansson The Aztec Cosmovision of Death before the Conquest 169 . Session a. Introduction 175 b. Adolfo Martínez Palomo Disability and the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights 178 c. Carlos Alonso Bedate The Triple Helix for a Global Health Care 184 d. Florencia Luna Reproductive Rights; still a Pending Issue in Latin America 191 . Session a. Introduction 198 b. John Harris Mind Reading 200 c. Carlos María Romeo Casabona New Challenges for Genetic Information Management in Research and Clinics 205 d. Gilbert Hottois Is Transhumanism a Humanism? 212 e. Nicholas Agar Moral Insurance for Utilitarians 219 . Session of the Council of the . Satellite meetings . Feminist Approaches to Bioethics () Congress . Early Career International Bioethics Scholars’ Workshop . Revived Global Forum for Bioethics in Research . Conference on Bioethics, Public Health and Peace for Indigenous People . Symposia, Oral & Poster presentations .. Themes addressed . Abstracts delivered by World Region . Cultural Activity . Closing ceremony . Presidential Address Søren Holm . Prizes and awards . Next Venue: Edinburgh . Closing remarks Manuel H Ruiz de Chávez Contributors Presentations delivered PRESENTATION Resulta muy grato para México haber albergado el 12° Congreso Mundial de Bioética y para la Secretaría de Salud de México reviste un gran honor y, al mismo tiempo, representa una especial oportunidad ser el anfi trión de este magno evento, en donde se han dado cita los más destacados especialistas, investigadores y estudiosos de la bioética de todo en el mundo. En un contexto como el que caracteriza nuestro tiempo, lo local y lo global guardan una innegable correlación. El conocimiento científi co y sus aplicaciones tecnológicas, principalmente en el terreno de la medicina y la salud, aunque en otros territorios del saber también ocurre, tienen una determinante infl uencia en todo espacio de vida y un impacto que se desborda también en lo económico, en lo político y en lo social en su más amplio sentido. Es por ello que la realización del 12º Congreso Mundial de Bioética en la Ciudad de México, ha sido crucial para ensanchar el horizonte temático de la bioética, poner en la palestra su importancia individual y social, así como abrir cauces para actuar bajo principios que antepongan los fundamentos y conocimientos bioéticos. El Congreso representó una oportunidad única para que la sociedad, los estudiosos del área y otros interesados se acerquen a la bioética por medio de uno de los eventos con la mayor tradición contemporánea en la materia en el contexto internacional. La edición de este nuevo encuentro guarda un particular interés, pues se realiza de nuevo en el continente americano después demás de una década y, en particular, en un país latinoamericano como México, que ha desplegado un esfuerzo muy signifi cativo por ir consolidando este campo de conocimiento en el país en diversos órdenes. Entre varios de los propósitos que se cumplieron en esta edición, vale la pena destacar el contacto e intercambio de información entre 11 INSPIRE THE FUTURE TO MOVE THE WORLD aquellos que trabajan en bioética en diferentes partes del mundo; organizar y promover conferencias de bioética internacionales periódicas; promover el desarrollo de la enseñanza e investigación en bioética y, por supuesto, defender el valor de un diálogo libre, abierto y razonado sobre temas de bioética. El Congreso ha sido, sin duda, una gran oportunidad para dar a conocer los proyectos y avances en bioética que se han realizado durante los últimos años. Del mismo modo, permitió una amplia retroalimentación y deliberación incluyente que generará aportaciones importantes tanto para nuestro país como para la región de las Américas y el mundo en general. ◗ Mercedes Juan Secretaria de Salud de México 12 FOREWORD Under the slogan Inspire the future to move the world, the National Bioethics Commission of Mexico (CONBIOÉTICA) organized, from June 25th to 28th, the 12th World Congress of Bioethics; this event served to address leading trends in the fi eld of bioethics, their development and application, as well as to strengthen actions that may help to spread Bioethical knowledge in research, teaching and healthcare among experts and the general population. For these purposes more than 1,200 persons from 72 countries from 5 continents were convened. This achievement was based on the tireless labor of the National Bioethics Commission of Mexico (CONBIOÉTICA) Bioethics is a fi eld in which numerous professionals and experts engage in an ongoing investigation into the proper duties of society and medical professionals to life. Centered largely on duties to human subjects in both research and clinical care, bioethics has been enlarging its domain for decades, encompassing now questions of duties to animals, ecosystems, and nature in general. Because of its extensive reach, for its progressive growth we depend upon constant questioning, new ideas, and challenging cases. Given the rapid pace of technological and societal change, there is never any dearth of material to explore and every international conference
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