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Beginnings1 the Late Dr. Jonathan Mann First Launched Health And HHR Journal: A Brief History (2006-2010) Beginnings1 The late Dr. Jonathan Mann first launched Health and Human Rights: An International Journal, in 1994. In his essay introducing the first issue, Mann wrote, We have created this new journal, Health and Human Rights, to inform and expand the space within which ideas about the intersection between health and human rights can venture forth into the world, to be cited and criticized, debated and discussed, torn down and built up. For it is in the nature of pioneering work—in this case, exploring the frontiers of health and human rights—that some new paths will lead forward, and others will be found, later and from afar, to have been only byways and meandering trails.2 The new journal was to be a rigorous peer-review academic research publication, a flagship journal of the (then also) newly founded François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, a Harvard University center founded by the Countess Albina du Boisrouvray and located at Harvard School of Public Health in Boston. Figure 1 lists the initial advisory and editorial boards. Mann hoped that the Center might be able to publish four issues of the journal each year. Fig. 1. Masthead of Health and Human Rights: An International Journal Volume 1, Number 1 (1994) Senior Advisory Board Philip Alston (Australia) Halfdan Mahler (Denmark) V. Ramalingaswami (India) Henry Steiner (USA) Katarina Tomasevski (Croatia) Editorial Board Sunila Abeyesekera Timothy Harding Aryeh Neier Manuel Carballo Aart Hendriks Geneviève Pinet Lincoln Chen Hakima Himmich Peter Piot William Curran Emmanuel Hirsch Jacqueline Pitanguy Ernest Drucker Howard Hu Olikoye Ransome-Kuti Paul Epstein Hina Jilani Jon E. Rohde Richard Feachem Peter Kandela Renée Sabatier Harvey Fineberg Michael D. Kirby Amartya Sen Julio Frenk Maureen Law Margaret A. Somerville H. Jack Geiger Jennifer Leaning Gracelyn Smallwood Lawrence Gostin Ana Luisa Liguori Eric Stover Mirko D. Grmek Adetokunbo 0. Lucas Lorenzo Tomatis Sofia Gruskin Gerald Nagler Nahid Toubia Laurie Wiseberg Highlights from the first two issues included: • “Conference Report” of the “First International Conference on Health and Human Rights” (Vol. 1, No. 2) • Regular sections identified as: “Articles,” “Book Reviews” and “Bibliography” • Editorial Advisory Board member, Henry J. Steiner, wrote the first entry for an anticipated new section on “programs in health and human rights from around the world” with a brief “Profile” of the Harvard Law School Human Rights Program (Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 306–307) • Sofia Gruskin first assumes editorial responsibilities as Guest Editor for Vol. 1, No. 4, a special issue on “Women’s Health and Human Rights.” 1 This short history of Health and Human Rights: An International Journal was written by Dr. Susan R. Holman for editorial 2 J. Mann, “A New Journal, A New Beginning,” [Editorial] Health and Human Rights: An International Journal 1/1 (1994), p. 1. 1 HHR Journal: A Brief History (2006-2010) • Vol. 2, No. 3, published in 1997, was a special issue of papers from the “2nd International Conference on Health and Human Rights: Bridge to the Future,” with Harvard’s then President Neil Rudenstein offering opening remarks. Sofia Gruskin named Editor The journal’s first major transition occurred in 1998, when Mann left Harvard to take up a new appointment as Dean of the Allegheny University School of Public Health in Philadelphia, and Sofia Gruskin was named Editor in his place. Mann’s longterm vision for the journal is illustrated in his final note “To our readers,” in Volume 2, Number 4 (see Fig. 2). Fig. 2. Editorial, Volume 2, Number 4 (1998) To our readers On January 1, 1998, I left Harvard, the François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, and the editorship of this journal, and assumed a new position as Dean of the new Allegheny University School of Public Health in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. I have been blessed and honored by the collaborations which have made Health and Human Rights a reality. First, Albina du Boisrouvray enthusiastically supported the idea of the journal, then generously made it immediately possible. Then, a group of dedicated, supportive, and generous experts agreed to constitute the journal's Senior Advisory Board and Editorial Board; they have invested precious time and energy on its behalf. A journal brings together the work of many people. From earliest days, talented professionals like Tori Alexander, John Lauerman, and now, Jacoba von Gimborn have brought editorial skills and have ensured the journal's production, marketing, and distribution. The enormous work of dialogue with authors around the world was wonderfully and skillfully accomplished within the Center, by Sofia Gruskin, Daniel Tarantola, and Mary Pat Kieffer. For me, the launch and success of this journal, now with over one thousand subscribers, has been enormously satisfying, as well as challenging. Like so much about the François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, and the Harvard School of Public Health in which it was created, I will miss the close proximity of collegiality and friendship. As Editor Emeritus, I will continue to be engaged with the journal; in my new position, I hope to expand and extend knowledge and awareness of the connection between health and human rights. In part thanks to the forum which a journal offers, these ideas have become, in just a few years, the basis of a profound renewal in thought and action about how best to promote and protect well-being, health, human rights, and dignity. Jonathan M. Mann Editor Emeritus Adding her reflections to those of Mann in the same issue, Gruskin noted that: The journal was Jonathan's idea. When, in 1994, the François-Xavier Bagnoud Center produced the first issue of the journal in a field—health and human rights—that had not been fully explored and for which a readership had to be built and sustained funding had to be secured, the challenge seemed overwhelming. Over the years, the journal has been able to generate and sustain high quality standards, to secure contributions from an ever-increasing pool of writers, and to expand its readership in both the industrialized and the developing world. Of course, as expected for a journal which is not designed to attract commercial advertising, it continues to struggle for its economic survival. The journal was and continues to be an innovative initiative, a forward-looking enterprise, and a daring project.3 The year 1998 marked the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Under Mann’s initial direction, the journal had looked forward to a special issue, Vol. 3, No. 2, dedicated to commemorate and celebrate this event. However, as the issue entered production, in the fall of 1998, Jonathan Mann was tragically killed, on September 2, in the flight crash of SwissAir 111 while on his way to WHO and UNAIDS meetings in Geneva. The anniversary issue opens with a memorial to Mann that reminds readers of the call to continue “on his shoulders” and in his vision: 3 S. Gruskin, “To our readers,” HHR 2/4 (1998), n.p. 2 HHR Journal: A Brief History (2006-2010) Jonathan frequently reminded us that our work is possible because we stand on the shoulders of the giants—the giants in health and in human rights—who preceded us. He believed deeply in the possibility of changing the world, of making it a better place. His life ended before he was fully able to play out his own role in doing so. We share his belief that the health and human rights movement has a collective responsibility to move this work forward as, to use Jonathan's words, "equal partners in the belief that the world can change."4 Sofia Gruskin was to stand on Mann’s shoulders by serving as the journal’s Editor for the next twelve years. A few notes of journal-related events during her tenure include:5 • 1998: “each volume will contain one general mixed-contents issue and one special theme issue with solicited contributions.” • Vol. 4, No. 2: This special theme issue on reproductive and sexual rights was funded by “a grant of $25,000 from the MacArthur Foundation toward production and distribution,” and “Center staff continued to approach other foundations, corporate donors, and development agencies in an attempt to raise additional funds for future operations.” • 1999: “The journal is now abstracted and indexed in ASSIA: Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts, Geographical Abstracts: Human Geography, International Development Abstracts, MEDLINE, PAIS International, Periodica Islamica, Social Planning/Policy and Development Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts.” • 2000: “Fundraising for the journal remained a priority…. An issue of the Health and Human Rights journal, focusing on reproductive and sexual rights, appeared in time for the Beijing + Five activities.” • Production staff from 1994 through 2006 consistently included no less than three and often up to five people for each issue. Mastheads consistently name at least 2 individuals responsible for editing and/or managing content, a third person devoted to design and production, and two to four additional (often transitional) “editorial assistants” and “copyeditors.”6 Sofia Gruskin’s tenure as Editor came to a close with Vol. 9, No. 2 (2006). In her “Editor’s Farewell,” Gruskin reflected on the emergence of health and human rights as a field and the journal’s specific goals during these years: When we began in 1994, not only was there no field called health and human rights but there was little engagement among the fields of public health, medicine, law, and human rights. Certainly an academic peer-reviewed journal seemed little more than a dream. Who would read it? And more to the point who would write for it? Where would we find qualified reviewers? In spite of these questions, Jonathan Mann had the vision to insist that if there was to be a field of health and human rights then there must also be a journal.
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