1 Articulating Animal Rights

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1 Articulating Animal Rights 1 Articulating Animal Rights: Activism, Networks and Anthropocentrism Eva Haifa Sarah Giraud Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2011 2 Abstract The thesis establishes a conversation between Donna Haraway and the work of contemporary UK animal rights groups, in order to develop their – respective – approaches to articulating animal rights issues. To analyse the tactics of these movements a conceptual framework is constructed through combining Haraway's insights with those of Bruno Latour, performative uses of actor- network theory and key concepts from Pierre Bourdieu (such as field, habitus and doxa). Through focusing on the tactics of UK animal rights groups the thesis works to recuperate certain of these practices from the criticisms Haraway levels at animal rights groups more broadly; illustrating contexts where these movements are departing from humanist rights-discourses and developing approaches more suited to the radical critique of anthropocentrism that is central to Haraway's own project. To develop a sense of the disparate approaches taken by these animal rights movements that complement Haraway's arguments, various online and offline tactics are analysed; drawing on a range of lobbying practices undertaken by movements involved in the vivisection debate (such as SPEAK and the BUAV), before focusing on more creative forms of vegan campaigning engaged in by local Nottingham groups (such as Veggies Catering Campaign and Nottingham Animal Rights). 3 Love and thanks to: Robin Shackford; for making me happy and centred, as well as hearing me repetitively go over my arguments. Annie Giraud; for love and support and everything else that I can‟t put into words. Abdulrahman Giraud; wanting to do right by you has driven so much of what I've done academically. Alice Shackford; for giving me the sort of insight that only a thoughtful teenager can and making it easy to juggle being a step-mum and a postgraduate. Danny Giraud and Ethel Hannant; your support has meant so much to me. Bushra Aytour; I hope I‟ve made you happy! Annette Foster and Debs Storey; my Nottingham family. Brent Reid; for encouraging me to move to Nottingham and get involved more with AR, as well as being a font of knowledge about local activism. Anita and Roger Bromley; for just being really lovely people and giving me a huge amount of support throughout the PhD. Thanks also to the other postgraduate people from the Department of Cultural Studies at Nottingham University and Nottingham‟s Feminism and Teaching Network, especially Adity, Ying, Caroline, Matt, Michael, Teodora, Kathryn, Stefanie, Charlotte, Marta, Calvin, Melissa, Eireann, Iain, Jude, Laura. Being around you all has helped me so much over the past four years. Nottingham friends; particularly Chris and Kristabel Beeley. Edinburgh friends; particularly Matt, Katarina, Aythan, Leanne, Alice, Mark, Flo, Claire. Norwich friends; Carly and Naomi. Thanks should also go to all of the places that let me sit and write for hours, including: Dotty's Cafe, the Alley Cafe and the Broadway. Particular thanks has to go to Nottingham Animal Rights and Veggies Catering Campaign, especially Patrick Smith and everyone who helped and contributed to the free food give-aways in 2010 – especially Lily and Eshe, who were a ray of sunshine. Post-viva thanks must also go to Jenny Pickerill and Colin Wright, for making the final hurdle a really stimulating and rewarding experience. Finally, an absolutely huge thank you to my lovely, supportive supervisors: Neal Curtis and Tracey Potts. Thank you so much. 4 Table of Contents Introduction: Articulating Animal Rights .......................................................................................... 5 Anthropocentrism in Animal Rights ............................................................................................... 6 Articulation and Activist Politics .................................................................................................. 10 Activist Networks and Animal Rights ........................................................................................... 16 Chapters ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 1: A Politics of Articulation ................................................................................................ 34 Monsters and Mapping .................................................................................................................. 37 Articulating Actor-Networks ........................................................................................................ 46 Situated Mapping .......................................................................................................................... 54 McLibel: Articulating the McDonald‟s Actor-Network ................................................................ 63 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 82 Chapter 2: Beasts of Burden ............................................................................................................. 87 Haraway and Animal Rights ......................................................................................................... 90 'Value added dogs' and Burdened Beasts ...................................................................................... 96 Haraway and Cosmopolitics ....................................................................................................... 105 Killability: an autopoietic mechanism of capital ......................................................................... 116 Chapter 3: Making Monsters: Performing Vivisection's Stories .................................................... 137 Haraway and Vivisection ............................................................................................................. 143 From Doxa to Orthodox: Exposing the Hybridity of Scientific Networks ................................. 147 Monstrous Hybridity ................................................................................................................... 153 SPEAK: Activism Meets Science? .............................................................................................. 157 Subjective Activists Versus Modest Witnesses? .......................................................................... 177 Introducing Monsters to the Network ......................................................................................... 183 Productive Antagonism .............................................................................................................. 186 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 193 Chapter 4: Power, Permanence and Political Transformation: Reconciling Bourdieu and Latour 198 Can Bourdieu's structuring structures be reconciled with Latour's networks?............................ 201 SPEAK: redistributing symbolic capital ..................................................................................... 215 Reality Effects: Reconciling Habitus and Network .................................................................... 222 Transforming the Field: the tactics of the BUAV ........................................................................ 232 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 238 Chapter 5: Samosas for Social Change .......................................................................................... 242 Meeting Haraway ........................................................................................................................ 246 Performative Protest: A Means of Disrupting Habitus? .............................................................. 250 Disrupting Commercial Spaces: Making the Doxa Orthodox .................................................... 254 Cosmopolitical Experiments in Activism: Veggies at the 'Hori-Zone' ........................................ 266 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................... 283 From Anthropocentrism to Hybridity .......................................................................................... 285 Networks and Articulation .......................................................................................................... 287 Figures ............................................................................................................................................. 291 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 297 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 307 5 Introduction: Articulating Animal Rights The purpose of the thesis is to develop a conversation between theoretical perspectives that focus on articulating issues surrounding animal ethics, networked activism and social transformation –
Recommended publications
  • For European Biotech? Continued from Page 1 Around the World, Including the French Academies of Science by the Fact That the Complainants Did Not Challenge Them
    Competitive Enterprise Institute - Volume 19, Number 2 - March/April 2006 Neeww EEra,ra, oror ‘‘AncienAncien RRégime,’égime,’ fforor EEuropeanuropean BBiotech?iotech? by Gregory Conko he long-awaited World Trade all remain in effect argues in favor of Organization (WTO) decision intervention by the WTO. (Ironically, Ton biotech food is due to be the current WTO Director General is released this spring, but a leaked copy none other than Pascal Lamy.) of the report has already elicited The most important victory for the considerable buzz. Most United States and its partners is the analyses score it a resounding WTO’s judgment that the EU failed to victory for the United States abide by its own regulations by “unduly and its co-complainants, and a delaying” fi nal approval of otherwise stinging defeat for European state complete applications for 25 food biotech protectionism. When it came time for products. The culprit here is the European The reality is that the decision their WTO defense, Commission’s highly politicized, two-stage is only a partial and largely symbolic however, the Europeans approval process: Each application must victory. For not achieving a more complete actually denied that a moratorium had ever fi rst be cleared for marketing by various and meaningful success, the United States, existed. Fortunately, the WTO decision scientifi c panels, and then voted on by Canada, and Argentina, which jointly fi led acknowledges the EU’s illegal practices— elected politicians. the complaint, have their own excessively and the disingenuousness of the EU’s Signifi cantly, the WTO assumed that risk-averse policies to blame.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Non-Human Primates in Research in Primates Non-Human of Use The
    The use of non-human primates in research The use of non-human primates in research A working group report chaired by Sir David Weatherall FRS FMedSci Report sponsored by: Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Research Council The Royal Society Wellcome Trust 10 Carlton House Terrace 20 Park Crescent 6-9 Carlton House Terrace 215 Euston Road London, SW1Y 5AH London, W1B 1AL London, SW1Y 5AG London, NW1 2BE December 2006 December Tel: +44(0)20 7969 5288 Tel: +44(0)20 7636 5422 Tel: +44(0)20 7451 2590 Tel: +44(0)20 7611 8888 Fax: +44(0)20 7969 5298 Fax: +44(0)20 7436 6179 Fax: +44(0)20 7451 2692 Fax: +44(0)20 7611 8545 Email: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Web: www.acmedsci.ac.uk Web: www.mrc.ac.uk Web: www.royalsoc.ac.uk Web: www.wellcome.ac.uk December 2006 The use of non-human primates in research A working group report chaired by Sir David Weatheall FRS FMedSci December 2006 Sponsors’ statement The use of non-human primates continues to be one the most contentious areas of biological and medical research. The publication of this independent report into the scientific basis for the past, current and future role of non-human primates in research is both a necessary and timely contribution to the debate. We emphasise that members of the working group have worked independently of the four sponsoring organisations. Our organisations did not provide input into the report’s content, conclusions or recommendations.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal People News
    European Commission votes to ban dog &cat fur B R U S S E L S ––The European Commis- sion on November 20 adopted a proposal to ban the import, export, and sale of cat and dog fur throughout the European Union. “The draft regulation will now be considered by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers for adoption by the co- decision procedure,” explained the EC Asian dog. (Kim Bartlett) announcement. “There is evidence that cat and dog fur been found not just on clothing, but also on a is being placed on the European market, usually number of personal accessories, as well as chil- dren’s soft toys.” Asian rabbits. (Kim Bartlett) undeclared as such or disguised as synthetic and other types of fur,” the EC announcement sum- “Just the idea of young children playing marized. “The vast majority of the cat and dog with toys which have been made with dog and Olympics to showcase growing fur is believed to be imported from third coun- cat fur is really something we cannot accept,” tries, notably China.” European Consumer Protection Commissioner Fifteen of the 25 EU member nations Markos Kyprianou said. Chinese animal testing industry have already individually introduced legislation “Kyprianou stopped short of calling B E I J I N G ––The 2008 Olympic Glenn Rice, chief executive of Bridge against cat and dog fur. “The proposed regula- for every product containing fur to have a label Games in Beijing will showcase the fast- Pharmaceuticals Inc., is outsourcing the tion adopted today addresses EU citizens con- detailing its exact origin,” wrote London Times growing Chinese animal testing industry, work to China, where scientists are cheap cerns, and creates a harmonized approach,” the European correspondent David Charter, the official Xinhua news agency disclosed and plentiful and animal-rights activists are EC announcement stipulated.
    [Show full text]
  • A STUDYGUIDE by Robert Lewis
    A STUDYGUIDE BY ROBERT LEWIS www.metromagazine.com.au www.theeducationshop.com.au McLibel (Franny Armstrong, 2005) is an 85-minute documentary film about the attempt by McDonald’s to stop the distribution of a pamphlet that they claimed defamed them. wo of the distributors of the settlement negotiations. Even spies. BEFORE WATCHING THE pamphlet, London Greenpeace FILM Tmembers Helen Steel and Dave Seven years later, in February 2005, Morris, defended themselves in what the marathon legal battle finally McLibel is about the court case turned out to be Britain’s longest-ever concluded at the European Court of that was brought by McDonald’s in civil trial. Human Rights. And the result took Britain to stop the distribution of the everyone by surprise – especially the pamphlet ‘What’s wrong with McDon- McLibel is the story of two ordinary British Government. ald’s?’. The pamphlet made many people who humiliated McDonald’s in accusations against McDonald’s. the biggest corporate PR disaster in McLibel is not just about hamburgers. history. McDonald’s loved using the It is about the importance of freedom To understand what the case was UK libel laws to suppress criticism. of speech now that multinational about you need to study the pamphlet. Major media organizations like the corporations are more powerful than BBC and The Guardian crumbled and countries. It is a long pamphlet, so to make the apologized. task easier it has been divided into Filmed over ten years by no-budget sub-sections in Table 1 on (page 3). But then they sued gardener Helen Director Franny Armstrong, McLibel The whole class should look at the Steel and postman Dave Morris.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Activists from Abusive Litigation: Slapps in the Global
    PROTECTING ACTIVISTS FROM ABUSIVE LITIGATION SLAPPS IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH AND HOW TO RESPOND SLAPPS IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH Features and Policy Responses Author: Nikhil Dutta, Global Programs Legal Advisor, ICNL, [email protected]. Our thanks go to the following colleagues and partners for valuable discussions and input on this report: Abby Henderson; Charlie Holt; Christen Dobson; Ginna Anderson; Golda Benjamin; Lady Nancy Zuluaga Jaramillo; Zamira Djabarova; the Cambodian Center for Human Rights; iProbono; and SEEDS for Legal Initiatives. Published in July 2020 by the International Center for Not-for-Profit Law (ICNL) TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. SLAPPS IN THE GLOBAL NORTH 2 III. SLAPPS IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH 4 A. Instances of Reported SLAPPs in the South 4 i. Thailand 5 ii. India 7 iii. Philippines 10 iv. South Africa 12 v. Other Instances of Reported SLAPPS in the South 13 B. Features of Reported SLAPPs in the South 15 IV. POLICY RESPONSES TO SLAPPS IN THE GLOBAL NORTH 19 A. Enacting Protections for Public Participation 19 B. Creating Expedited Dismissal Procedures for SLAPPs 20 C. Endowing Courts with Supplemental Authorities to Manage SLAPPs 23 D. Permitting Recovery of Costs by SLAPP Targets 24 E. Authorizing Government Intervention in SLAPPs 25 F. Establishing Public Funds to Support SLAPP Defense 25 G. Imposing Compensatory and Punitive Damages on SLAPP Filers 25 H. Levying Penalties on SLAPP Filers 26 I. Reforming SLAPP Causes of Action 27 V. POLICY RESPONSES TO SLAPPS IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH 27 A. Thailand 28 B. Philippines 30 C. Indonesia 33 VI. DEVISING FUTURE RESPONSES TO SLAPPS IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH 33 REFERENCES 37 I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Following Report Is No Longer Current, and Is to Be Used for Historical Purposes Only
    The following report is no longer current, and is to be used for historical purposes only. CRIMES WITHOUT CONSEQUENCES: The Enforcement of Humane Slaughter Laws in the United States Researched and written by DENA JONES for the Animal Welfare Institute 2 CRIMES WITHOUT CONSEQUENCES: The Enforcement of Humane Slaughter Laws in the United States Researched and written by Dena Jones May 2008 Animal Welfare Institute Crimes Without Consequences: The Enforcement of Humane Slaughter Laws in the United States Researched and written by Dena Jones Animal Welfare Institute P.O. Box 3650 Washington, DC 20027 www.awionline.org Copyright © 2008 by the Animal Welfare Institute Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-938414-94-1 LCCN 2008925385 i CONTENTS Executive Summary .................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 5 1.1 About the author........................................................................ 6 1.2 About the Animal Welfare Institute ........................................... 6 1.3 Acknowledgements ................................................................... 6 2. Overview of Food Animal Slaughter in the United States ...................... 7 2.1 Animals Slaughtered ................................................................. 7 2.2 Types of Slaughter Plants .......................................................... 12 2.3 Number of Plants .....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Research Paper Series
    Legal Research Paper Series NON HUMAN ANIMALS AND THE LAW: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ANIMAL LAW RESOURCES AT THE STANFORD LAW LIBRARY By Rita K. Lomio and J. Paul Lomio Research Paper No. 6 October 2005 Robert Crown Law Library Crown Quadrangle Stanford, California 94305-8612 NON HUMAN ANIMALS AND THE LAW: A BIBLIOGRPAHY OF ANIMAL LAW RESOURCES AT THE STANFORD LAW LIBRARY I. Books II. Reports III. Law Review Articles IV. Newspaper Articles (including legal newspapers) V. Sound Recordings and Films VI. Web Resources I. Books RESEARCH GUIDES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES Hoffman, Piper, and the Harvard Student Animal Legal Defense Fund The Guide to Animal Law Resources Hollis, New Hampshire: Puritan Press, 1999 Reference KF 3841 G85 “As law students, we have found that although more resources are available and more people are involved that the case just a few years ago, locating the resource or the person we need in a particular situation remains difficult. The Guide to Animal Law Resources represents our attempt to collect in one place some of the resources a legal professional, law professor or law student might want and have a hard time finding.” Guide includes citations to organizations and internships, animal law court cases, a bibliography, law schools where animal law courses are taught, Internet resources, conferences and lawyers devoted to the cause. The International Institute for Animal Law A Bibliography of Animal Law Resources Chicago, Illinois: The International Institute for Animal Law, 2001 KF 3841 A1 B53 Kistler, John M. Animal Rights: A Subject Guide, Bibliography, and Internet Companion Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000 HV 4708 K57 Bibliography divided into six subject areas: Animal Rights: General Works, Animal Natures, Fatal Uses of Animals, Nonfatal Uses of Animals, Animal Populations, and Animal Speculations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research
    SYMPOSIUM ARTICLE The Use of Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research Dario L. Ringach, PhD Abstract: Opposition to the use of animals in biomedical research rests CLAIM: HUMANS DO NOT BENEFIT FROM on diverse scientific and ethical arguments. Here I offer a response to ANIMAL RESEARCH key objections and argue that the responsible use of animals in One extreme view holds that information gathered from biomedical research with the goal of advancing medical knowledge, animal research cannot, even in principle, be used to improve science and human health, is scientifically and morally justified. My human health. It is often accompanied by catchy slogans such views are unlikely to be shared uniformly across the scientific com- as “If society funds mouse models of cancer, we will find more cures for cancer in mice.”4 It is argued that the physiology of munity. Thus, I hope this personal perspective persuades other scien- animals and humans are too different to allow results from tists, public health officials, scientific organizations and our academic animal research to be extrapolated to humans.5 leadership to join the debate and invites opponents of animal research Such a blanket statement is falsified by numerous cases to create an atmosphere where civil discourse can take place, free of where experimentation on animals has demonstrably contrib- threats and intimidation. The public deserves an open and honest debate uted to medical breakthroughs. The experiments on cardiovas- on this important topic. cular and pulmonary function in animals that began with Key Indexing Terms: Animal research; Medical research; Animal Harvey and continued with the Oxford physiologists6 estab- rights; Ethics; Public policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Lives in the Balance: Utilitarianism and Animal Research
    Lives in the Balance: Utilitarianism and Animal Research ROBERT BASS University of North Carolina at Pembroke [This may differ in detail from the final published version in The Ethics of Animal Research: Exploring the Controversy , MIT Press 2012] In the long history of moral theory, non-human animals – hereafter, just animals – have often been neglected entirely or have been relegated to some secondary status.1 Since its emergence in the early nineteenth century, utilitarianism has made a difference by focusing upon happiness or well-being (and their contraries) rather than upon the beings who fare well or suffer. Inevitably, that has meant that human relations to and use of other animals have appeared in a different light. Some cases have seemed easy: once admit that the interests of animals matter and there can be little hesitation in condemning their cruel treatment. Among the more difficult cases has been the bearing of utilitarianism upon the use of animals in various kinds of research where, though the animals might suffer, there were believed to be prospects of great human benefit and where no cruel or malicious motives need be involved. What I shall provide in the current paper is an extended discussion of the bearing of utilitarianism upon practices of animal research. Since such practices have attracted both utilitarian criticism and defense, this will require the examination of arguments on both sides, including consideration of the human benefits, the animal costs, and the ways which one can be weighed against the other. I. UTILITARIANISM AND ANIMAL RESEARCH: THE HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND The historical connection of utilitarianism to animal research is both complex and disputed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anticruelty Statute: a Study in Animal Welfare Darian M
    College of William & Mary Law School William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository Faculty Publications Faculty and Deans 2006 The Anticruelty Statute: A Study in Animal Welfare Darian M. Ibrahim William & Mary Law School, [email protected] Repository Citation Ibrahim, Darian M., "The Anticruelty Statute: A Study in Animal Welfare" (2006). Faculty Publications. 1680. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs/1680 Copyright c 2006 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs THE ANTICRUELTY STATUTE: A STUDY IN ANIMAL WELFARE DARIAN M. IBRAHIM* IN TRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 175 I. ANIMAL RIGHTS, ANIMAL WELFARE, AND THE CONCEPT OF HUMANE EXPLOITATION ................................................................. 177 II. LEGISLATURES, SOCIETAL TENSION, AND THE INEFFECTIVE ANTICRUELTY STATUTE .................................................................. 179 A . The A nticruelty Statute ............................................................. 179 B. Understanding Anticruelty Statute Exemptions ........................ 182 1. Societal Preference ............................................................. 182 2. Legislative C apture ............................................................ 184 3. Animals as Legal Property ................................................. 187 4. Efficiency and Competency ............................................... 187 C.
    [Show full text]
  • Food in World History
    Food in World History Providing a comparative and comprehensive study of culinary cultures and consumption throughout the world, this book examines the globalization of food, illustrating how the diffusion of crops contributed to population growth and industrialization, and exploring the political, social and environmental implications of our changing relationship with food. Including numerous case studies from diverse societies and periods, Food in World History examines and focuses on: • the use of food as a tool of colonialism in Africa and Asia • the influence of the Italian and Chinese diasporas on US and Latin American food culture • how food was fractured along class lines in the French bourgeois restaurant culture and working-class cafés • the results of state intervention in food production and distribution • how the impact of genetic modification and food crises has affected the relationship between consumer and product. This concise and readable survey not only presents a simple history of food and its consumption, but also provides a unique examination of world history itself. Jeffrey M. Pilcher is Associate Professor of History at the University of Minnesota. Author of ¡Que vivan los tamales! Food and the Making of Mexican Identity (1998), he has also published essays in the American Historical Review, The Americas and Food, Culture and Society. Themes in World History Series editor: Peter N. Stearns The Themes in World History series offers focused treatment of a range of human experiences and institutions in the world history context. The purpose is to provide serious, if brief, discussions of important topics as additions to textbook coverage and document collections.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Spirit
    THE ANIMAL INTERFAITH ALLIANCE MAGAZINE Autumn 2014 - Issue 1 In This Issue Introducing the Animal Interfaith Alliance Interfaith Celebrations for Animals Ecumenical Retreat at Noddfa The Making of a Mahatma The Roots & Culture of Speciesism The Proper Study of Man is Mankind Animal News AIA Campaigns 1 ANIMAL INTERFAITH ALLIANCE CONTENTS PEOPLE President: - Satish Kumar (Jain) Articles: Vice President: - Dr Deborah Jones Interfaith Celebrations for Animals……….. Rev. Feargus O’Connor…. 7 (Catholic Concern for Animals) CCA Ecumenical Retreat…………………. Fiona Rosen……………… 12 Patrons: The Making of a Mahatma ……………….. Nitin Mehta MBE………... 16 Dr Richard D. Ryder (Ethicist) The Roots & Culture of Speciesism………. Dr Richard D. Ryder…….. 18 Anant Shah (Jain) Muhammad Safa (Muslim) The Proper Study of Man is Mankind…….. Rev. Prof. Martin Henig…. 22 Ajit Singh (Sikh) Charanjit Singh (Sikh) If You Care… Support the RSPCA………. Grace Dent……………….. 26 Board: Items of Interest: Rev. Feargus O’Connor - Chair (Unitarian Minister) Introducing the Animal Interfaith Alliance . …………………………… 4 Barbara Gardner - Managing Director Meet the Animal Interfaith Alliance Team.. …………………………… 10 (Editor of The Ark, Journal of Catholic Concern for Animals) Mahaveer Award 2014……………………. …………………………… 17 Chris Fegan Veggie Pets………………………………... …………………………… 21 (Catholic Concern for Animals) Animal News……………………………… …………………………… 28 Sarah Dunning (Anglican Society for the Welfare of AIA Campaigns…………………………… …………………………… 31 Animals) Book Reviews…………………………….. …………………………… 33 Andre
    [Show full text]