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Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust

Infant and beyond: a collection of resources to support the study of psychoanalytic Observation.

Compiled by Georgia Cowley

This collection of visual, audio and literature resources has been compiled and thematically organized with a view to Contents: stimulating students’ engagement with psychoanalytic 1. Video resources Available in the library…………………….2 observation and make links with development 2. Box of Broadcasts………………………………………………………3 . The pack is designed to augment student’s 3. Podcast Episodes and Radio Programmes………………….4 experience of traditional infant observation practice and 4. Youtube …….………………………………………………………………5 seminar teaching, as well as encourage about the 5. The Journal of Infant Observation……………………………..6 wide breadth of research and mainstream programming the study of children and has inspired. We hope it will contribute to student’s to explore resource This is not a comprehensive list of papers and audiovisual sources, encouraging them to look into contemporary resources but rather the result of a students thematic perspectives on the subject. The thematic exploration of review. If anyone has knowledge of further resources that the Journal of Infant Observation found towards the end of could be added to this pack please do not hesitate to this pack is designed to make it easy for students and contact me: teachers to source contemporary literature as well as review the scope, limitations and applications of the [email protected] method which has accumulated over the last ten years. Video resources available in the Tavistock library • Attachment in practice, Siren Films • Our children, ourselves, Channel 5 • The Attachment Relationship, Alan Sroufe • Prisoners of Childhood, Alice Miller, Channel 4 • Autism-a world apart, Susan Rein • Saturday’s child. Part III 7-12 months, A child is born in Western : • Autism: challenging behaviour, BBC maternal style and infant development (including daily massage), Lynn • , BBC Barnett • A Child’s World, Channel 4 • Saturday’s child. Part II: 3-6 months. A child is • Children Behaving Badly, BBC • Saturday’s child . Part I: 0-2 months • For the Sake of the Children, BBC • The Separation-individuation process. Psychological birth of the infant, • Francis Tustin remembers: an with Alexander Newman Margaret S. Mahler • The Importance of Substitute Mothering: scenes from two films: John • Silent - not without my shadow, BBC and Jane aged 18 months, James and Joyce Robertson • Some consequences of separation and loss in Childhood, John Bowlby • The Invention of Childhood, presented by Michael Morpurgo, BBC • Spoiling the child? The case against modern , Lisa Miller, BBC • Keeping Children in Mind: A model of child observation practice. • Sunday’s child. The growth of individuality, 0-2 years, Lynn Barnett • Learning and Communication. Functional learning programmes for young developmentally delayed children, Katrin Stroh and Thelma Robinson • A two-year-old goes to Hospital, James and Joyce Robertson • Learning to Share, National Association of Toy and Leisure Libraries • Young children in brief separation: Jane, James and Joyce Robertson • Monday’s Child: A baby born in rural Nepal Directed by Lynn Barnett and • Young children in brief separation: John, James and Joyce Robertson Meg Leng • Young children in brief separation: Kate, James and Joyce Robertson • Observation Observed. Closely observed infants on film. Tavistock Clinic • Young children in brief separation: Thomas, James and Joyce Robertson Foundation, Beth Miller, Margaret Rustin, Lisa Miller. Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Box of Broadcasts https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand Box of Broadcasts is an online platform which records television and • Romanian Orphanage Babies: 21 years on: Radio 4 radio content for use in academic studies. . You can access the site documentary exploring whether babies exposed to severe via the link above and use your shibboleth username and password neglect and mal- treatment in Romanian orphanages, have to log in and begin exploring. Here is a short list of programs found recovered 21 years after from their adoption. on Box of Broadcasts which may compliment the study of • The Big Personality Test: A Child of Our Time Special: Ten psychoanalytic observation. years on, the Child of Our Time children and their families • Babies: Special Delivery: Fly-on-the-wall documentary series explore their personalities, while Robert Winston and Sophie focusing on high-risk and deliveries. Raworth reveal the results of the BBC’s online personality • Babies behind bars: a two-part documentary following a group of pregnant inmates at Indiana Women’s Prison. • The Secret Life of 4/5/6-Year Olds: Observational • Child of Our Time: In 2000, the BBC embarked on a project to documentary series which follows three groups of children - follow the lives of 25 babies from across the UK. (Please note: aged four, five and six years - as they meet for the first time. while only the follow- series about teenagers is available on BoB, many of the earlier series are available to loan in the library.) • Growing Babies: Laverne Antrobus investigates foetal and infant as she tries to explain the of baby . • Kids on the Edge: Channel 4 documentary series following the work of Tavistock and Portman’s Gender Identity Development Service, Gloucester House Children’s Day Unit and the Camden Adolescent Intensive Support Service (CAISS) • One Born Every Minute: Fly-on-the-wall documentary series filmed in a busy maternity ward.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Podcasts are audio programs which can be found online, on spotify and via the podcast apps of smart Podcast Episodes and Radio Programs phones. Here is a selection of episodes which may be of relevance to the study of infant observation (although students and teachers may wish to contribute their own additions to this list).

• Hidden Brain: A podcast unpicking a multitude of psychological topics using contemporary research. • Kinder Gardening • Baby Talk • The Edge of Gender • Play Therapy Community Podcast: Jackie Flynn speaks to experts to help and professional understand child . • Understanding Infant • Nurturing the Relationship • The Psychonaut Show: Dr John K. Burton dissects key psychoanalytic and applies them to everyday life and culture. • The Positions of Melanie Klein • The Oedipus - Of Forbidden Fruits and Triangles • Transitional Space: The Magic of the “In-Between”

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust There is a growing body of resources available on youtube which may be used to illustrate ideas to students or set the Youtube scene for a topic of discussion. Here are some examples of the types of videos you might start looking for.

Laboratory : The School of Life: This entertaining, informative web series Profiles: While these experiments employ very creatively outlines key psychological concepts, different methods to traditional infant • Melanie Klein: observation they may help students make links frequently referencing the work of prominent https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HU3iSW6 between research material figures in . WTo8&list=PLwxNMb28XmpcpxBm1RoGRx4m and the seminar discussions, which are rooted VKNRIrKkG&index=5 in the observational material and • The True and False Self: psychoanalytic thinking. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A02U • Anna Freud: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v80Nd8w cd6monY • Still face : 1uts&index=4&list=PLwxNMb28XmpcpxBm1R https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apzXGE • The Dangers of Loving and Hating Too oGRx4mVKNRIrKkG bZht0 Much (The paranoid schizoid/Depressive positions): • John Bowlby: • regulate their behaviour to avoid https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XgM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LM0nE8 making Z1YgyoE 1mIE&list=PLwxNMb28XmpcpxBm1RoGRx4m angry :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= VKNRIrKkG&index=6 7FC4qRD1vn8 • How we soothe ourselves and others: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bI9eA • Donald Winnicott: • The visual br3Bjo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZaZkvvB3 cliff: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W . Protoconversations and enculturation 67I&list=PLwxNMb28XmpcpxBm1RoGRx4mVK anGt1G6ScA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOfE NRIrKkG&index=7 • Infant morality: u2zqrkQ&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBW5v dhr_PA • New baby experiment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tKZB2 k14iY Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust More Youtube videos of laboratory experiements

• Aggression towards outgroup in babies- Yale baby lab. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=851_21Euh6c 1. ……………………………………………………………………………………..8 2. Application to Work Contexts……………………………………………………….....9 The Journal of Infant Observation 3. As an intervention………………………………………………………………………...... 9 4. Psychotherapeutic applications…………………………..……………………………11 While comprehensive lists are available course 5. Schools…………………………………………………………………………………………....13 handbooks, students may feel there are areas in which they 6. Social Work and Adoption.………………….……………………………………………13 would like to deepen their understanding by exploring 7. Young Child Observation.………………………………………………………………..14 8. Nurseries and Play groups………………………………………………………………..15 contemporary contributions to the literature. This may especially 9. Group Dynamics………………………………………………………………………………16 be the case as they come to the end of their observational 10. Ordinary Infant Development………………………………………………………....17 journey and they start to think about the possible applications of 11. Language Development and Communication…..………………………………18 their newfound knowledge. The Journal of Infant Observation is a 12. Play and Creativity………..………………………………………………………………….18 13. Triangulation and Oedipal Dynamics………………………………………………..18 great place to start to do this. 14. Separation and Loss…..…………………………………………………………………….19 15. Breastfeeding and Weaning……………..……………………………………….……..19 In the following pages the last ten volumes of the journal have 16. Gender………………………………………………………………….………………………...20 been organized into themes and presented as lists. On 17. Fathers……………………………………………………………………………………..……..20 18. Societal/Cultural Commentary………….………………………………………….…21 the following page you will find a spider diagram of the topics 19. Arts and Literature…………….………………………………………………………….…22 arranged thematically into groups and subgroups. To skip to your 20. Teaching Infant Observation…………………………………………………………...23 desired slide simply view the show and click on the bubbles. To 21. The experience of the Observer…………………………………………………….…25 return to the diagram press the blue arrow in the bottom left. 22. Seminar Groups…………………………………………………………………………..…..26 You can access the papers via the library catalogue or on the 23. and the psychoanalytic observation model………..…….27 24. Technology……………………………………………………………………………………...28 journal page using your shibboleth log in. 25. Observing in Specific Circumstances………………………………..……………..29 26. Learning Difficulties and Disability……………………..……………………………29 I hope this resource will give students an idea of the immense 27. Illness………………………………..………………………………………………………….…29 scope of infant observation both as a tool of research and as a 28. Within Institutions…………………………………………………………………………..29 29. Prematural Babies and Neonatal Units….………………………………………...30 therapeutic intervention. It may also stimulate students to think 30. Dynamics………………..…………………………………………………………...30 about what they could contribute to this growing body of work. 31. Maternal mental health/ postnatal depression/ perinatal trauma……31 What is missing from this picture of infant development? 32. and Birth………………………………………………………………………..32 Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Triangulation and Oedipal Dynamics Analysis of Group arts/literature dynamics Fathers Play and creativity Seminar Groups Societal/Cultural Language development Gender and communication Commentary The experience of the Ordinary Infant Teaching Infant observer Separation and Development Observation loss Infant Methodology Technology Breastfeeding Young Child Observation and Weaning observation Illness Specific Applications to Circumstances Post-natal depression/Maternal Nurseries and toddler ambivalence work groups Adolescence Sibling dynamics

As an Pregnancy and Disability and learning Schools intervention Birth difficulties

Psychotherapeutic Social Premature applications Work/adoption Neonatal babies Within units Institutions

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Adolescence

• Cudmore, L. (2012) 'Finding a place for the baby: complexity and congestion in the transition to parenthood', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 77- 90. • Hingley-Jones, H. (2011) 'An exploration of the use of infant observation methods to research the identities of severely learning-disabled adolescents and to enhance relationship-based practice for professional social work', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 317-333. • Liddell, L. (2011) 'Troubles to the light: an exploration of the night in an adolescent inpatient unit', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 301-316. • Roper, F. (2009) 'Riding the rollercoaster: an infant observation of a teenage couple and their baby', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 283-294. • Thomas, L. (2009) 'Jack – an observation of a baby with adolescent parents', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 295-303. • Waddell, M. (2009) 'Why teenagers have babies', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 271-281.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Applications to Work Contexts

As an Intervention • Calvocoressi, F. (2010) 'Touching the void: of a very depressed mother in an inpatient unit', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 37-44. • Delion, P. (2000) 'The application of Esther Bick's method to the observation of babies at risk of autism', Infant Observation, 3(3), pp. 84-90. • Edmondson Alter, D. (2010) 'Playing matchmaker for mother and baby: a home-visiting intervention', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 351-362. • Franchi, V. (2014) 'The role of infant observation in developing the of workers with refugee and asylum-seeking families in France', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 62-80. • Gavériaux, O., Brizard, Y. and Roumegoux, F. (2015) 'Making use of psychoanalytic young child observation as a response to referrals of young children in a multidisciplinary medical, mental health and Centre in Brittany', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 67-82. • Hall, J. (2009) 'Work in progress – developing a flexible model of therapeutic observation of young mothers and their infants in care proceedings', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 358-364. • Hasbun, E. J. and Castro Pinochet, E. (2016) 'A model of psychotherapeutical work with institutionalized infants', Infant Observation, 19(3), pp. 238-248. • Hollman, L. (2010) 'The impact of observation on the evolution of a relationship between an at-risk mother and infant', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 325-338. • Kanazawa, A., Hirai, S., Ukai, N. and Hubert, M. (2009) 'The application of infant observation technique as a means of assessment and therapeutic intervention for ‘classroom breakdown’ at a school for Japanese-Koreans', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 335-348. • Lena, F. E. (2013) 'Parents in the observer-position: a psychoanalytically informed use of video in the context of a brief -child intervention', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 76-94. • Loose, J. and Foster, C. (2002) 'The use of film observation in clinical work with parents and infants in a neonatal unit', Infant Observation, 5(3), pp. 41- 46. • McLaughlin, K. (2009) 'Marrying together music therapy and participant observation: helping four mothers and their children come together', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 187-205.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust • Mendelsohn, A. (2005) 'Recovering reverie: Using infant observation in interventions with traumatised mothers and their premature babies', Infant Observation, 8(3), pp. 195-208. • Moskowitz, S. (2010) 'Representations of mother in the daughter of a single, gay father', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 309-324. • Muir, E., Lojkasek, M. and Cohen, N. (1999) 'Observant parents: Intervening through observation', Infant Observation, 3(1), pp. 11-23. • Parr, M. (1999) 'Integrating infant observation skills into parent facilitator training', Infant Observation, 3(1), pp. 33-46. • Rustin, M. (2014) 'The relevance of infant observation for early intervention: containment in theory and practice', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 97-114. • Shulman, G. (2016) 'Looking in the right way: the use of infant observation as a clinical tool in parent−infant with parents with severe mental health difficulties', Infant Observation, 19(2), pp. 97-119. • Wakelyn, J. (2012) 'Observation as a therapeutic intervention for infants and young children in care', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 49-66. • Widdershoven, M.-A. (2017) 'Clinical interventions via Skype with parents and their young children', Infant Observation, 20(1), pp. 72-88.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Psychotherapeutic applications • Athanassiou-Popesco, C. (2012) 'The emergence of depressive pain (French: souffrance): psychoanalytic infant observation applied to babies in institutions', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 151-163. • Calvocoressi, F. (2010) 'Touching the void: observations of a very depressed mother in an inpatient unit', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 37-44. • Cantle, A. (2013) 'Alleviating the impact of stress and trauma in the neonatal unit and beyond', Infant Observation, 16(3), pp. 257-269. • Caron, N. A. and Lopes, R. S. (2015) 'When the internal setting becomes more important than the therapist/analyst's interpretative capacity: extending the infant observation method to the prenatal and perinatal period', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 83-95. • Demby, G. (2010) 'Observation as an adjunct to psychotherapy—when a patient delivers prematurely', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 269-281. • Diaz Bonino, S. and Ball, K. (2013) 'From torment to hope: countertransference in parent-infant psychoanalytic psychotherapy', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 59-75. • Hall, J. (2009) 'Work in progress – developing a flexible model of therapeutic observation of young mothers and their infants in care proceedings', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 358-364. • Hasbun, E. J. and Castro Pinochet, E. (2016) 'A model of psychotherapeutical work with institutionalized infants', Infant Observation,19(3), pp. 238-248. • Liddell, L. (2011) 'Troubles to the light: an exploration of the night in an adolescent inpatient unit', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 301-316. • Lubbe, T. and Joffe, A. (2009) 'The truth of the transference Reliving infantile experience in the transference: comparing data from an observed infant and the later psychotherapy of the same infant as a young child', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 215-237. • Maliphant, J. and Horner, T. (2016) 'Feeling at sea: the anchor of the therapeutic space', Infant Observation, 19(1), pp. 24-41. • McLaughlin, K. (2009) 'Marrying together music therapy and participant observation: helping four mothers and their children come together', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 187-205. • Pozzi Monzo, M. (2011) 'The use of observation in parent-infant work when both parents have a diagnosis of mental illness', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 43-60. • Prat, R. (2010) 'A time to see and a time to think: therapy and observation with mothers and their infants', Infant Observation,13(2), pp. 135-149.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust • Pretorius, I.-M. and Karni-Sharon, T. (2012) 'An audit and of the Hammersmith & Fulham CAMHS Outreach Service at the Randolph Beresford Early Years Centre', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 165-184. • Remez, A. (2010) 'Parent-infant therapy and the use of the third', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 293-307. • Sandri, R. (2012) 'The usefulness of baby observation (Esther Bick model) as part of analytic training', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 133-142. • Shopsin, S. F. (2011) 'Three analytic cases understood through the lens of infant development', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 31-42. • Shulman, G. (2016) 'Looking in the right way: the use of infant observation as a clinical tool in parent−infant psychotherapy with parents with severe mental health difficulties', Infant Observation, 19(2), pp. 97-119. • Siegel, L. (2011) 'A mother learns to enjoy her baby: parent-infant psychotherapy and art therapy in the treatment of intergenerational separation- individuation struggles', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 61-74. • Sigrell, K. B., Boëthius, S. B., Adolfsson, L. K. and Swaling, J. (2014) 'Infant observation as part of a training programme for psychoanalysts in Sweden: candidates' expectations and experiences', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 20-34. • Watillon-Naveau, A. and Coulson, S. (2010) 'Parent-infant therapy as an application of the Esther Bick method of infant observation', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 29-36. • Wolf, N. (2011) 'A response to Vivian Eskin's paper entitled ‘When a parent is serving in the armed forces: the impact of waiting, knowing and not knowing on maternal functioning’', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 89-96. • Yeo, B. (2016) 'Spiderman; the developmental possibilities of a superhero for a young adopted ', Infant Observation, 19(3), pp. 181-193. • Youell, B. (2014) 'Separation difficulties or transition? The value of observation in work with very young children and their parents', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 115-125.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Schools • Diamant, E. (2009) 'Understanding Korina. How can psychoanalytic observation support the role of a class teacher teaching special needs children in a mainstream school?', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 319-333. • Diem-Wille, G. (2015) 'Applying a psychoanalytic approach acquired through infant observation towards working as a teacher: a ', Infant Observation, 18(2), pp. 110-125. • Franchi, V. E. and Molli, A. (2012) 'Teaching and implementing classroom observations in France and Italy: a preliminary review', Infant Observation, 15(3), pp. 281-296. • Kanazawa, A., Hirai, S., Ukai, N. and Hubert, M. (2009) 'The application of infant observation technique as a means of assessment and therapeutic intervention for ‘classroom breakdown’ at a school for Japanese-Koreans', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 335-348. • Klauber, T. (2009) 'Early experience, developmental tasks and the blossoming of the capacity to learn', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 305-318. • Mooney, R. (2014) 'The playground: a young child's experience of entering the emotional field', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 35-49. • Mooney, R. (2015) 'The preschool playground: a longing for a mother to a need for friends', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 36-51.

Social Work and Adoption • Athanassiou-Popesco, C. (2012) 'The emergence of depressive pain (French: souffrance): psychoanalytic infant observation applied to babies in institutions', Infant Observation,15(2), pp. 151-163. • Hingley-Jones, H. (2011) 'An exploration of the use of infant observation methods to research the identities of severely learning-disabled adolescents and to enhance relationship-based practice for professional social work', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 317-333. • Remez, A. (2010) 'Parent-infant therapy and the use of the third', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 293-307. • Wakelyn, J. (2012) 'Observation as a therapeutic intervention for infants and young children in care', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 49-66.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Young Child Observation

• Adamo, S. M. G. (2012) 'Group learning in a young child observation seminar', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 115-131. • Adamo, S. M. G., Pantaleo, C. F. and Rustin, M. (2013) 'An outsider in the nursery', Infant Observation, 16(3), pp. 230-243. • Datler, W., Hover-Reisner, N. and Datler, M. (2015) 'Toddlers’ relationships to peers in the processes of separation: from the discussion of observational accounts to the development of theory', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 14-35. • Fox, E. (2014) 'Observing in a toddler group: the impact on a little 's development of attending a group led by her mother', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 140-150. • Gavériaux, O., Brizard, Y. and Roumegoux, F. (2015) 'Making use of psychoanalytic young child observation as a response to referrals of young children in a multidisciplinary medical, mental health and education Centre in Brittany', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 67-82. • Hadary, M. (2015) '‘When Amy gets angry—Really really angry’. Difficulties negotiating separation-individuation in the rapprochement subphase; the role of children's literature', Infant Observation, 18(3), pp. 228-241. • Mooney, R. (2014) 'The preschool playground: a young child's experience of entering the emotional field', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 35-49. • Mooney, R. (2015) 'The preschool playground: a longing for a mother to a need for friends', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 36-51. • Nakaoka, H. (2014) 'Coming to terms with daily separation: observation of two children's transition from home to nursery', Infant Observation,17(3), pp. 248-263. • Padula, A. (2015) 'In the other's skin: aspects of identification in a young child observation of a twin', Infant Observation, 18(2), pp. 143-153. • Spedding, A. (2014) 'An account of how an only child uses her peers at nursery school as companions and quasi- in an effort to understand siblinghood and other relationships', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 50-61. • Sze, Y.-T. (2015) 'Regulation of anxiety behind quiet adaptation', Infant Observation, 18(3), pp. 205-214. • Yeo, B. (2013) 'Building and collapsing towers: the experience of a young boy in an inner city nursery', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 47-58. • Zuppardi, S. (2015) 'A band of brothers at nursery: an account of male group dynamics in a preschool setting', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 52-66

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Nurseries and Toddler groups

• Bergman, A., Reiswig, R., Moskowitz, S., Demby, G. and Falk Shopsin, S. (2010) ' and description of the Anni Bergman Parent-Infant Program', Infant Observation,13(3), pp. 261-267. • Cardenal, M. (2011) 'Psychoanalytic thinking in the community through Bick's observational method: a Work Discussion Seminar experience with care workers in a nursery', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 245-255. • Datler, W., Datler, M. and Funder, A. (2010) 'Struggling against a feeling of becoming lost: a young boy's painful transition to day care', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 65-87. • Deletant, R. (2016) '‘Where your mama at?’ Observations from the fishbowl: thoughts and experiences on working at a community pre-school', Infant Observation, 19(2), pp. 120-138. • Elfer, P. (2010) 'The power of psychoanalytic conceptions in understanding nurseries', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 59-63. • Fox, E. (2014) 'Observing in a toddler group: the impact on a little girl's development of attending a group led by her mother', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 140-150. • Mooney, R. (2014) 'The preschool playground: a young child's experience of entering the emotional field', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 35-49. • Mooney, R. (2015) 'The preschool playground: a longing for a mother to a need for friends', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 36-51. • Nakaoka, H. (2014) 'Coming to terms with daily separation: observation of two children's transition from home to nursery', Infant Observation, 17(3), pp. 248-263. • Pretorius, I.-M. and Karni-Sharon, T. (2012) 'An audit and evaluation of the Hammersmith & Fulham CAMHS Child Psychotherapy Outreach Service at the Randolph Beresford Early Years Centre', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 165-184. • Rothenberg, S. (2010) 'Infant mental health: provision of service by a lone practitioner in a non-clinical setting', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 339-350.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Group Dynamics

• Adamo, S. M. G. (2012) 'Group learning in a young child observation seminar', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 115-131. • Adamo, S. M. G., Pantaleo, C. F. and Rustin, M. (2013) 'An outsider in the nursery', Infant Observation, 16(3), pp. 230-243. • Mooney, R. (2014) 'The preschool playground: a young child's experience of entering the emotional field', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 35-49. • Urwin, C. (2001) 'Getting to know the self and others: Babies' interactions with other babies', Infant Observation, 4(3), pp. 13-28. • Wolf, N. (2011) 'A response to Vivian Eskin's paper entitled ‘When a parent is serving in the armed forces: the impact of waiting, knowing and not knowing on maternal functioning’', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 89-96. • Zuppardi, S. (2015) 'A band of brothers at nursery: an account of male group dynamics in a preschool setting', Infant Observation,18(1), pp. 52-66.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Ordinary Infant Development • Ashcroft, A. (2009) 'Putting my glasses back on: observing the development of a little girl', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 165-173. • Athanassiou-Popesco, C. (2012) 'The emergence of depressive pain (French: souffrance): psychoanalytic infant observation applied to babies in institutions', Infant Observation,15(2), pp. 151-163. • Austin, S. (2013) 'The early development of a thinking mind: a one-year infant observation', Infant Observation, 16(3), pp. 214-229. • Catty, J. (2009) 'In and out of the nest: exploring attachment and separation in an infant observation', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 151-163. • Dubinsky, A. (2010) 'The musings of babies: reflective thinking, and the re-integration of the good object', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 5-13. • Groarke, S. (2010) 'Making contact', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 209-222. • Hall, R. (2013) 'Some reflections on an observation: fine-tuning the capacity to take in a baby girl's lived experience', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 33-46. • Hollman, L. (2010) 'The impact of observation on the evolution of a relationship between an at-risk mother and infant', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 325-338. • Houzel, D. (2010) 'Infant observation and the receptive mind', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 119-133. • Klauber, T. (2009) 'Early experience, developmental tasks and the blossoming of the capacity to learn', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 305-318. • Mellier, D. (2010) 'The early psychic envelopes of infancy and the social and familial support of the mother', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 151-165. • O’Connor, M. (2017) 'Love, work and play: an infant’s creative struggle to understand separation and loss from birth to toddlerhood', Infant Observation, 20(1), pp. 27-42. • Proner, K. (2013) 'To look into the eyes of an infant: Bion's baby's fear of dying', Infant Observation, 16(2), pp. 130-141. • Scott, A. (2013) 'In and out of touch: observation and the passage of time', Infant Observation, 16(2), pp. 142-156. • Sowa, A. and Facchino, D. (2010) 'From shared bodies to nursing couple: developmental implications in the movement toward weaning', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 223-241. • Worrall, C. (2012) '‘I can because you can’: the inter-subjective nature of self-agency', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 185-201. • Yeo, B. (2013) 'Building and collapsing towers: the experience of a young boy in an inner city nursery', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 47-58. Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Language Development and Communication • Bloom, K. (2009) 'Embodied attentiveness: recognising the language of movement', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 175-185. • Magagna, J. (2013) 'The development of language in the early months of life', Infant Observation, 16(2), pp. 112-129. • Rhode, M. (2013) 'The physicality of words: some implications of Donald Meltzer's writings on language', Infant Observation, 16(3), pp. 270-285. • Urwin, C. (2001) 'Getting to know the self and others: Babies' interactions with other babies', Infant Observation, 4(3), pp. 13-28 Play and Creativity • Alvarez, A. and Phillips, A. (1998) 'The importance of play: A child psychotherapist's view', Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 3(3), pp. 99-103. • Bettelheim, B. (1987) 'The importance of play', The Atlantic, 259(3), pp. 35-46. • Catty, J. (2009) 'In and out of the nest: exploring attachment and separation in an infant observation', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 151-163. • Della Rosa, E. (2011) 'The creative role of playfulness in development', Infant Observation, 14(2), pp. 203-217. • Dubinsky, A. (2010) 'The musings of babies: reflective thinking, emotion and the re-integration of the good object', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 5-13. • Ronay, K. (2011) 'The visit: observing children's experience of visiting a relative in prison', Infant Observation, 14(2), pp. 191-202.

Triangulation and Oedipal dynamics • Catty, J. (2009) 'In and out of the nest: exploring attachment and separation in an infant observation', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 151-163. • Lin, Y. H. C. (2010) 'Watching with a third eye – reflections on learning from infant observations in Taiwan', Infant Observation,13(1), pp. 15-27. • Remez, A. (2010) 'Parent-infant therapy and the use of the third', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 293-307. • Zuppardi, S. (2017) 'Another man in the house: Oedipal phantasies and the male observer in an infant observation', Infant Observation, 20(1), pp. 43-55.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Separation and Loss • Datler, W., Hover-Reisner, N. and Datler, M. (2015) 'Toddlers’ relationships to peers in the processes of separation: from the discussion of observational accounts to the development of theory', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 14-35. • Fox, E. (2014) 'Observing in a toddler group: the impact on a little girl's development of attending a group led by her mother', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 140-150. • Hadary, M. (2015) '‘When Amy gets angry—Really really angry’. Difficulties negotiating separation-individuation in the rapprochement subphase; the role of children's literature', Infant Observation, 18(3), pp. 228-241. • Mooney, R. (2015) 'The preschool playground: a longing for a mother to a need for friends', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 36-51. • Nakaoka, H. (2014) 'Coming to terms with daily separation: observation of two children's transition from home to nursery', Infant Observation, 17(3), pp. 248-263. • O’Connor, M. (2017) 'Love, work and play: an infant’s creative struggle to understand separation and loss from birth to toddlerhood', Infant Observation, 20(1), pp. 27-42. • Parr, S. (2011) 'The comfort of strangers', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 287-300. • Somaini, P. (2013) 'The eyes to see', Infant Observation, 16(2), pp. 157-169. • Wolf, N. (2011) 'A response to Vivian Eskin's paper entitled ‘When a parent is serving in the armed forces: the impact of waiting, knowing and not knowing on maternal functioning’', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 89-96. • Yeo, B. (2013) 'Building and collapsing towers: the experience of a young boy in an inner city nursery', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 47-58. • Youell, B. (2014) 'Separation difficulties or transition? The value of observation in work with very young children and their parents', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 115-125. Breastfeeding and Weaning • Lubbe, T. and Joffe, A. (2009) 'The truth of the transference Reliving infantile experience in the transference: comparing data from an observed infant and the later psychotherapy of the same infant as a young child', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 215-237. • Sowa, A. and Facchino, D. (2010) 'From shared bodies to nursing couple: developmental implications in the movement toward weaning', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 223-241.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Gender

• Agarwal, U. and Paiva, N. D. (2014) 'The uncomfortable subject: observing the Indian girl child', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 151-166. • Rhodes, B. (2012) 'Masculinity in observation: a male observer's thoughts on his observation of a baby girl whose father was the principal carer', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 67-75. • Tranter, J. (2016) 'Isolde: one of five – a male observer’s account of observing the fifth child in a family', Infant Observation, 19(1), pp. 60-72. • Yeo, B. (2013) 'Building and collapsing towers: the experience of a young boy in an inner city nursery', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 47-58. • Zuppardi, S. (2015) 'A band of brothers at nursery: an account of male group dynamics in a preschool setting', Infant Observation,18(1), pp. 52-66. • Zuppardi, S. (2017) 'Another man in the house: Oedipal phantasies and the male observer in an infant observation', Infant Observation, 20(1), pp. 43-55.

Fathers

• Moskowitz, S. (2010) 'Representations of mother in the daughter of a single, gay father', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 309-324. • Remez, A. (2010) 'Parent-infant therapy and the use of the third', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 293-307. • Rhodes, B. (2012) 'Masculinity in observation: a male observer's thoughts on his observation of a baby girl whose father was the principal carer', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 67-75.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Societal/Cultural Commentary

• Agarwal, U. and Paiva, N. D. (2014) 'The uncomfortable subject: observing the Indian girl child', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 151-166. • Bergese, R. (2015) 'Looking to the future: infant observation in the Ukraine', Infant Observation, 18(2), pp. 167-170. • Blessing, D. (2012) 'Beyond the borders of ‘ordinary’: difficult observations and their implications', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 33-48. • Franchi, V. (2014) 'The role of infant observation in developing the capacity of workers with refugee and asylum-seeking families in France', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 62-80. • Gibson, E. (2002) 'Compared to what? A family's struggle with the of poverty, cultural variation and racial difference', Infant Observation, 5(3), pp. 47-68. • Klauber, T. (2012) 'Infant observation and the Tavistock model of teaching and learning: continuity and change', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 5-19. • Lin, Y. H. C. (2010) 'Watching with a third eye – reflections on learning from infant observations in Taiwan', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 15-27. • Music, G. (2010) 'Struggling with cultural prejudice while observing babies. Socio-centric and egocentric positions', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 189- 208. • Paiva, N. D. (2014) 'Who observes whom? Infant observation observed: an experience of setting up an infant observation skills training in India', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 5-19. • Shuttleworth, J. (2010) 'Faith and culture: community life and the creation of a shared psychic reality', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 45-58. • Sigrell, K. B., Boëthius, S. B., Adolfsson, L. K. and Swaling, J. (2014) 'Infant observation as part of a training programme for psychoanalysts in Sweden: candidates' expectations and experiences', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 20-34. • Straub, S. (2009) 'The power of reading with babies', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 349-352. • Urwin, C. (2011) 'Infant observation meets social ', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 341-344.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust • Wolf, N. (2011) 'A response to Vivian Eskin's paper entitled ‘When a parent is serving in the armed forces: the impact of waiting, knowing and not knowing on maternal functioning’', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 89-96. • Youell, B. (2015) 'The impact of the global financial crisis on children and families as seen through infant observations in three European countries: the role of education professionals in containing anxiety and holding on to hope and hopefulness', Infant Observation, 18(2), pp. 154-166.

Arts and Literature • Hindle, D. (2017) 'Sendak and Knussen’s Where the wild things are: a developmental journey', Infant Observation, 20(1), pp. 56-71. • Rustin, M. (2016) 'Young children and works of the imagination', Infant Observation, 19(2), pp. 139-148. • Simon, J.-A. (2010) 'The ogre and Little Thumb. Love, hate and survival in neonatology: an application of Esther Bick's method of infant observation', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 167-178. • Zuppardi, S. (2016) 'From Night kitchen to Wolves in the walls: a brief psychoanalytic look at children’s picture books', Infant Observation, 19(2), pp. 149- 164.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Teaching Infant Observation • Adamo, S. M. G. (2012) 'Group learning in a young child observation seminar', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 115-131. • Allnutt, L. (2011) 'A conversation with Isca Wittenberg', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 5-13. • Allnutt, L. (2015) 'In conversation with Lisa Miller', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 4-13. • Bergman, A., Reiswig, R., Moskowitz, S., Demby, G. and Falk Shopsin, S. (2010) 'History and description of the Anni Bergman Parent-Infant Program', Infant Observation,13(3), pp. 261-267. • Blessing, D. (2012) 'Beyond the borders of ‘ordinary’: difficult observations and their implications', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 33-48. • Caron, N., Sobreira Lopes, R., Steibel, D. and Schneider Donelli, T. (2012) 'Writing as a challenge in the observer's journey through the Bick method of infant observation', Infant Observation, 15(3), pp. 221-230. • Datler, W., Datler, M., Hover-Reisner, N. and Trunkenpolz, K. (2014) 'Observation according to the Tavistock model as a research tool: remarks on methodology, education and the training of researchers', Infant Observation, 17(3), pp. 195-214. • Davids, Z., Miles, G., Paton, A. and Trowell, J. (1999) 'Issues for seminar leaders in infant and young child observation: A comparative study', Infant Observation, 2(3), pp. 16-29. • Edwards, J. (2009) 'Teaching observation to non-clinical students: continuing thoughts', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 207-213. • Franchi, V. and Toth, A. (2014) 'Can you read the writing on the wall: what needs to happen for a researcher to see what she is observing?', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 126-139. • Franchi, V. E. and Molli, A. (2012) 'Teaching and implementing classroom observations in France and Italy: a preliminary review', Infant Observation, 15(3), pp. 281-296. • Groarke, S. (2011) 'Understanding babies from the standpoint of experience', Infant Observation, 14(2), pp. 163-177. • Hollway, W. (2012) 'Infant observation: opportunities, challenges, threats', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 21-32. • Klauber, T. (2012) 'Infant observation and the Tavistock model of teaching and learning: continuity and change', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 5-19. • Mendes de Almeida, M., Finkelstein, L. and Caldas Campana, N. T. (2009) 'News from Brazil: psychoanalytic observation and its seminar group as a space for the integration of splitting aspects in the parent-infant relationship', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 352-357. Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust • Miller, B. (2011) 'The seminar leader as ‘a new baby’: teaching observation for the first time', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 335-340. • Monticelli, M. (2014) 'The experience of infant observation in difficult situations: retaining the ability to observe', Infant Observation, 17(3), pp. 179-194. • Paiva, N. D. (2014) 'Who observes whom? Infant observation observed: an experience of setting up an infant observation skills training in India', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 5-19. • Prat, R. (2013) 'Shaping and misshaping (French: ‘Formation et deformation’) during clinical training: some reflections on the impact of infant observation on the clinical paradigm', Infant Observation, 16(3), pp. 244-256. • Rustin, M. (2013) 'Sense and sensibility in infant observation: a response to Margot Waddell', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 23-32. • Rustin, M. (2014) 'The relevance of infant observation for early intervention: containment in theory and practice', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 97-114. • Sandri, R. (2012) 'The usefulness of baby observation (Esther Bick model) as part of analytic training', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 133-142. • Segal, B. (2002) 'Anxieties, questions and technical issues in beginning observation', Infant Observation, 5(3), pp. 11-23. • Tucker, J. (2002) 'Beginnings and endings workshop', Infant Observation, 5(3), pp. 101-103. • Waddell, M. (2013) 'Infant observation in Britain: a Tavistock approach', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 4-22.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust The experience of the Observer • Agarwal, U. and Paiva, N. D. (2014) 'The uncomfortable subject: observing the Indian girl child', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 151-166. • Allnutt, L. (2015) 'In conversation with Lisa Miller', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 4-13. • Ashcroft, A. (2009) 'Putting my glasses back on: observing the development of a little girl', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 165-173. • Caron, N., Sobreira Lopes, R., Steibel, D. and Schneider Donelli, T. (2012) 'Writing as a challenge in the observer's journey through the Bick method of infant observation', Infant Observation, 15(3), pp. 221-230. • Caron, N. A. and Lopes, R. S. (2015) 'When the internal setting becomes more important than the therapist/analyst's interpretative capacity: extending the infant observation method to the prenatal and perinatal period', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 83-95. • de Rementeria, A. (2012) 'Managing intimacy and distance: an exploration of links between the experience of an observed mother and baby and that of her observer', Infant Observation, 15(3), pp. 231-245. • Franchi, V. and Toth, A. (2014) 'Can you read the writing on the wall: what needs to happen for a researcher to see what she is observing?', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 126-139. • Groff Vivian, A., Sobreira Lopes, R. and Caron, N. (2011) 'Making space for a fourth, unplanned child with the help of the observer's holding and receptive capacity', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 273-286. • Hall, R. (2013) 'Some reflections on an observation: fine-tuning the capacity to take in a baby girl's lived experience', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 33-46. • Hollway, W. (2012) 'Infant observation: opportunities, challenges, threats', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 21-32. • Houzel, D. (2010) 'Infant observation and the receptive mind', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 119-133. • Long, J. (2012) 'Bearing a beautiful daughter: conflicting identifications for a new mother and for the observer', Infant Observation, 15(3), pp. 247-262. • Milano, A. (2016) 'The sound of silence: evolution of the object in the relationship of parents of two ', Infant Observation, 19(1), pp. 5-23. • Monticelli, M. (2014) 'The experience of infant observation in difficult situations: retaining the ability to observe', Infant Observation, 17(3), pp. 179-194. • Music, G. (2010) 'Struggling with cultural prejudice while observing babies. Socio-centric and egocentric positions', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 189- 208. • Paglia, M. (2016) 'The ‘not knowing’ state of mind: intolerance of uncertainty in mother–infant bonding and ‘the position’ of the observer', Infant Observation, 19(1), pp. 73-86. • Scott, A. (2013) 'In and out of touch: observation and the passage of time', Infant Observation, 16(2), pp. 142-156.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust • Segal, B. (2002) 'Anxieties, questions and technical issues in beginning observation', Infant Observation, 5(3), pp. 11-23. • Somaini, P. (2013) 'The eyes to see', Infant Observation, 16(2), pp. 157-169. • Steibel, D., Caron, N. A. and Lopes, R. S. (2014) 'An observer's intense and challenging journey observing the short life of an extremely premature baby in Neonatal Intensive Care', Infant Observation, 17(3), pp. 233-247. • Yeo, B. (2013) 'Building and collapsing towers: the experience of a young boy in an inner city nursery', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 47-58.

Seminar Groups • Adamo, S. M. G. (2012) 'Group learning in a young child observation seminar', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 115-131. • Davids, Z., Miles, G., Paton, A. and Trowell, J. (1999) 'Issues for seminar leaders in infant and young child observation: A comparative study', Infant Observation, 2(3), pp. 16-29. • Mendes de Almeida, M., Finkelstein, L. and Caldas Campana, N. T. (2009) 'News from Brazil: psychoanalytic observation and its seminar group as a space for the integration of splitting aspects in the parent-infant relationship', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 352-357.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Methodology and the psychoanalytic observation model

• Allnutt, L. (2011) 'A conversation with Isca Wittenberg', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 5-13. • Athanassiou-Popesco, C. (2011) 'Reflection on the nature of attention in psycho-analytic observation', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 15-29. • Blessing, D. (2012) 'Beyond the borders of ‘ordinary’: difficult observations and their implications', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 33-48. • Caron, N., Sobreira Lopes, R., Steibel, D. and Schneider Donelli, T. (2012) 'Writing as a challenge in the observer's journey through the Bick method of infant observation', Infant Observation, 15(3), pp. 221-230. • Datler, W., Datler, M., Hover-Reisner, N. and Trunkenpolz, K. (2014) 'Observation according to the Tavistock model as a research tool: remarks on methodology, education and the training of researchers', Infant Observation, 17(3), pp. 195-214. • Datler, W., Hover-Reisner, N. and Datler, M. (2015) 'Toddlers’ relationships to peers in the processes of separation: from the discussion of observational accounts to the development of theory', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 14-35. • Franchi, V. and Toth, A. (2014) 'Can you read the writing on the wall: what needs to happen for a researcher to see what she is observing?', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 126-139. • Groarke, S. (2008) 'Psychoanalytical infant observation: a critical assessment', European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 10(4), pp. 299-321. • Hollway, W. (2012) 'Infant observation: opportunities, challenges, threats', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 21-32. • Klauber, T. (2012) 'Infant observation and the Tavistock model of teaching and learning: continuity and change', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 5-19. • Lubbe, T. and Joffe, A. (2009) 'The truth of the transference Reliving infantile experience in the transference: comparing data from an observed infant and the later psychotherapy of the same infant as a young child', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 215-237. • McFadyen, A., Canham, H. and Youell, B. (1999) 'Rating infant observation - is it possible?', Infant Observation, 2(3), pp. 66-80. • Rustin, M. (2006) 'Infant observation research: What have we learned so far?', Infant Observation, 9(1), pp. 35-52. • Rustin, M. (2011) 'Infant observation and research: a reply to Steven Groarke', Infant Observation, 14(2), pp. 179-190.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust • Rustin, M. (2013) 'Sense and sensibility in infant observation: a response to Margot Waddell', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 23-32. • Rustin, M. (2014) 'The relevance of infant observation for early intervention: containment in theory and practice', Infant Observation, 17(2), pp. 97-114. • Sandri, R. (2012) 'The usefulness of baby observation (Esther Bick model) as part of analytic training', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 133-142. • Segal, B. (2002) 'Anxieties, questions and technical issues in beginning observation', Infant Observation, 5(3), pp. 11-23. • Waddell, M. (2013) 'Infant observation in Britain: a Tavistock approach', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 4-22.

Technology • Lena, F. E. (2013) 'Parents in the observer-position: a psychoanalytically informed use of video in the context of a brief parent-child intervention', Infant Observation, 16(1), pp. 76-94. • Loose, J. and Foster, C. (2002) 'The use of film observation in clinical work with parents and infants in a neonatal unit', Infant Observation, 5(3), pp. 41-46. • Wang, X. (2015) 'Online psychoanalytic therapy – some insights from infant observation', Infant Observation, 18(3), pp. 215-227

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Observing in Specific Circumstances

Learning Difficulties and Disability

• Delion, P. (2000) 'The application of Esther Bick's method to the observation of babies at risk of autism', Infant Observation, 3(3), pp. 84-90. • Diamant, E. (2009) 'Understanding Korina. How can psychoanalytic observation support the role of a class teacher teaching special needs children in a mainstream school?', Infant Observation, 12(3), pp. 319-333. • Hingley-Jones, H. (2011) 'An exploration of the use of infant observation methods to research the identities of severely learning-disabled adolescents and to enhance relationship-based practice for professional social work', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 317-333. • McLaughlin, K. (2009) 'Marrying together music therapy and participant observation: helping four mothers and their children come together', Infant Observation, 12(2), pp. 187-205. Illness

• Nemas, C. (2012) 'Traumatic situations in infant observation', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 143-149. • Parr, S. (2011) 'The comfort of strangers', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 287-300. • Pozzi Monzo, M. (2011) 'The use of observation in parent-infant work when both parents have a diagnosis of mental illness', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 43-60.

Within Institutions

• Calvocoressi, F. (2010) 'Touching the void: observations of a very depressed mother in an inpatient unit', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 37-44. • Ronay, K. (2011) 'The visit: observing children's experience of visiting a relative in prison', Infant Observation, 14(2), pp. 191-202.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Premature babies and Neonatal units • Cantle, A. (2013) 'Alleviating the impact of stress and trauma in the neonatal unit and beyond', Infant Observation, 16(3), pp. 257-269. • Castro, E. (2011) 'Observing a premature baby: the case of Eliecer', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 257-271. • Demby, G. (2010) 'Observation as an adjunct to psychotherapy—when a patient delivers prematurely', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 269-281. • Ribeiro Batista Geraldini, S. A. (2016) 'Becoming a person? Learning from observing premature babies and their mothers', Infant Observation, 19(1), pp. 42-59. • Simon, J.-A. (2010) 'The ogre and Little Thumb. Love, hate and survival in neonatology: an application of Esther Bick's method of infant observation', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 167-178. • Steibel, D., Caron, N. A. and Lopes, R. S. (2014) 'An observer's intense and challenging journey observing the short life of an extremely premature baby in Neonatal Intensive Care', Infant Observation, 17(3), pp. 233-247. Sibling Dynamics • Groff Vivian, A., Sobreira Lopes, R. and Caron, N. (2011) 'Making space for a fourth, unplanned child with the help of the observer's holding and receptive capacity', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 273-286. • Humphrey, V. P. (2015) 'Two twinless twins seen through the direct and indirect lenses of infant observation', Infant Observation, 18(2), pp. 126-142. • Marongiu, R. (2016) 'The vicissitudes of triangulation in the lives of twins: a Kleinian perspective on an infant observation', Infant Observation, 19(3), pp. 194-209. • Moskowitz, S. (2010) 'Representations of mother in the daughter of a single, gay father', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 309-324. • Padula, A. (2015) 'In the other's skin: aspects of identification in a young child observation of a twin', Infant Observation, 18(2), pp. 143-153. • Spedding, A. (2014) 'An account of how an only child uses her peers at nursery school as companions and quasi-siblings in an effort to understand siblinghood and other relationships', Infant Observation, 17(1), pp. 50-61. • Tranter, J. (2016) 'Isolde: one of five – a male observer’s account of observing the fifth child in a family', Infant Observation, 19(1), pp. 60-72.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Maternal mental health, postnatal depression and perinatal trauma

• Calvocoressi, F. (2010) 'Touching the void: observations of a very depressed mother in an inpatient unit', Infant Observation, 13(1), pp. 37-44. • Hollman, L. (2010) 'The impact of observation on the evolution of a relationship between an at-risk mother and infant', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 325- 338. • Long, J. (2012) 'Bearing a beautiful daughter: conflicting identifications for a new mother and for the observer', Infant Observation,15(3), pp. 247-262. • Nemas, C. (2012) 'Traumatic situations in infant observation', Infant Observation, 15(2), pp. 143-149. • Parr, M. (1999) 'Integrating infant observation skills into parent facilitator training', Infant Observation, 3(1), pp. 33-46. • Parr, S. (2011) 'The comfort of strangers', Infant Observation, 14(3), pp. 287-300. • Reid, M. (2011) 'The impact of traumatic delivery on the mother–infant relationship', Infant Observation, 14(2), pp. 117-128. • Reid, M. (2012) '‘For now we see through a glass, darkly’: the timelessness of emotional difficulties during the perinatal period', Infant Observation, 15(3), pp. 263-279. • Rochette, J., Mellier, D., Grisi, S. and Marandet, A. (2010) '‘Hunting for butterflies’ in the immediate post-partum: reinforcing the framework of inter- agency care using observation according to Esther Bick's method', Infant Observation, 13(2), pp. 179-187. • Shulman, G. (2016) 'Looking in the right way: the use of infant observation as a clinical tool in parent−infant psychotherapy with parents with severe mental health difficulties', Infant Observation, 19(2), pp. 97-119. • Somaini, P. (2013) 'The eyes to see', Infant Observation, 16(2), pp. 157-169. • Wolf, N. (2011) 'A response to Vivian Eskin's paper entitled ‘When a parent is serving in the armed forces: the impact of waiting, knowing and not knowing on maternal functioning’', Infant Observation, 14(1), pp. 89-96.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust Pregnancy and Birth

• Botero, H. and Sanders, C. (2014) 'Mother–baby relationship: a loving nest for mental health – observing ‘kangaroo’ infants', Infant Observation, 17(3), pp. 215-232. • Caron, N. A. and Lopes, R. S. (2015) 'When the internal setting becomes more important than the therapist/analyst's interpretative capacity: extending the infant observation method to the prenatal and perinatal period', Infant Observation, 18(1), pp. 83-95. • Caron, N. A., Sobreira Lopes, R. and Schneider Donelli, T. (2013) 'A place where verbalisation has no meaning', Infant Observation, 16(2), pp. 170-182. • Cudmore, L. (2012) 'Finding a place for the baby: complexity and congestion in the transition to parenthood', Infant Observation, 15(1), pp. 77-90. • Hall, M. (2011) '‘Containing the container’: an exploration of the mother–midwife relationship', Infant Observation, 14(2), pp. 145-162. • Moskowitz, S. (2010) 'Representations of mother in the daughter of a single, gay father', Infant Observation, 13(3), pp. 309-324. • O'Higgins, L. M. (2011) 'A psychoanalytic perspective on hospital midwifery and birth', Infant Observation, 14(2), pp. 129-144. • Piontelli, A. (1987) 'Infant observation from before birth', The International Journal of Psychoanalysis. • Reid, M. (2011) 'The impact of traumatic delivery on the mother–infant relationship', Infant Observation, 14(2), pp. 117-128. • Reid, M. (2012) '‘For now we see through a glass, darkly’: the timelessness of emotional difficulties during the perinatal period', Infant Observation, 15(3), pp. 263-279.

Research conducted by Georgia Cowley at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust