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Common Name Image Library Partners for Australian Biosecurity 1. PaDIL Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Phellinus sulphurascens Pilát Basidiomycetes Common Name Laminated root rot Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136619 Image Library Australian Biosecurity Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/ Partners for Australian Biosecurity image library Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment https://www.awe.gov.au/ Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia https://dpird.wa.gov.au/ Plant Health Australia https://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/ Museums Victoria https://museumsvictoria.com.au/ 2. Species Information 2.1. Details Specimen Contact: Dr Jose R. Liberato - [email protected] Author: Liberato JR Citation: Liberato JR (2006) Laminated root rot(Phellinus sulphurascens )Updated on 7/23/2016 Available online: PaDIL - http://www.padil.gov.au Image Use: Free for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY- NC 4.0) 2.2. URL Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136619 2.3. Facets Status: Exotic Regulated Pest - absent from Australia Group: Fungi Commodity Overview: Forestry Commodity Type: Timber Distribution: USA and Canada, South and South-East Asia 2.4. Other Names Inonotus heinrichii (Pilát) Bondartsev & Singer Inonotus sulphurascens (Pilát) M. Larsen, Lombard & Clark Phellinidium sulphurascens (Pilát) Y.C. Dai Phellinus weirii (Murrill) Gilb. pro parte Xanthochrous glomeratus subsp. heinrichii Pilát Xanthochrous heinrichii f. nodulosus Pilát 2.5. Diagnostic Notes Symptoms The fungus penetrates the root of Douglas-fir through intact bark and initiates decay in the xylem. Symptoms are not unlike those caused by other root pathogens. The fungus produces a thin layer of cream to dark yellow mycelium covering the outer bark of infected roots. Older infected trees may live in a slowly declining state for many years, whereas 10-15-year-old trees are usually killed within 3 or 4 years. Crown symptoms appear as the root system is destroyed Trees eventually topple from weakened supporting roots, although they usually still have green crowns when they fall. The fungus continues to spread to adjacent trees across root contacts. The mortality front advances about 30 cm a year. Decay of wood, which begins as a reddish- brown stain, is characterized by delamination of the wood along the annual rings (Hansen 2000, Hagle et al. 2003, Crop protection Compendium 2005) The fungus: There are two forms of the pathogen, which are referred as Phellinus weirii sensu lato. Recently, the Douglas- fir form, that causes laminated root rot in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and other conifers in North America, has been recognized as Phellinus sulphurascens Pilát, a fungus described originally from Siberia. Since then, the cedar form, that causes butt rot in western redcedar (Thuja plicata) in North America, is referred as P. weirii sensu stricto (Larsen et al. 1994). Phellinus weirii sens. lat.: “Carpophore annual, more rarely perennial, entirely resupinate, firmly attached to the substrate, 5-15 cm broad, 5—15(—20) mm thick, fulvous to ferruginous, darkening with KOH, at first soft, soon coriaceous. Pore surface greyish brown to dark ferruginous, with a white pruinose covering, uneven. Pores 5—7 per mm, round to irregular, often oblique; edge entire to fimbriate. Tubes typically non-stratified, occasionally up to four lengths; each layer 3-10 mm, ferruginous to cinnamon brown, brittle. Basidiospores 3.6—4.5 (—5) x 2.7—3.5 (4 x 3) µm, subglobose to short ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, non-dextrinoid, cyanophilous. Basidia 7—12 x 5—6 µm, short clavate, bearing four short sterigmata. Setae present, abundant, 20—40 x 6—12 µm, subulate to subventricose, thick-walled, projecting up to 20 µm beyond the hymenium. Hyphal system monomotic. Generative-hyphae 2—6 µm diam., sparingly branched, with a slightly thickened brown wall, lacking clamp-connexions. Setal-hyphae present, very abundant in both context and hymenophore, 5—10 µm diam., up to 3 mm long, with a thickened wall (1.5—2.5 µm) and a subacute apex” (Pegler & Gibson 1972). Larsen et al. (1994) have stressed the differences between the two pathogens: P. sulphurascens usually occurs on conifers other than western redcedar, resulting in death of the host. Its basidiocarp is usually annual with sporulation in late summer/fall, basidiospores with one germ tube, germ tube and juvenile mycelia 4.5-6 µm in diameter and no columnar tufts of hyphae in test tube cultures at 6 wk; whereas P. weirii s. str. occurs usually on western redcedar, basidiocarpo usually perennial with sporulation in spring/mid-summer, basidiospores eventually with two germ tubes, germ tube and juvenile mycelia 2-3.5 µm in diameter and columnar tufts of hyphae present in test tube cultures at 6 wk. These two species can de distinguished by PCR-based identification methods (Lim et al. 2005). Notes: Synonyms of Phellinus weirii (Murrill) Gilb. sens. str. Fomitiporia weirii Murrill Fuscoporia weirii (Murrill) Aoshima Inonotus weirii (Murrill) Kotl. & Pouzar Phellinidium weirii (Murrill) Y.C. Dai Poria weirii (Murrill) Murrill. 2.6. References Childs TW (1963) Poria weirii root rot. Phytopathology 53: 1124-1127. Crop Protection Compendium 2005 Edition. Phellinus weirii (laminated root rot). CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Hagle SK, Gibson KE, Tunnock S (2003) Field Guide to Diseases and Insect Pests of Northern & Central Rocky Mountain conifers. 2nd ed. USDA Forest Service. Available online at http://www.fs.fed.us/r1-r4/spf/fhp/field_guide/index.htm. Hansen EM, Goheen EM (2000) Phellinus weirii and other native root pathogens as determinants of forest structure and process in Western North America. Annual Review of Phytopathology 38:515-539 Larsen MJ, Lombard FF, Clark JW (1994) Phellinus sulphurascens and the closely related P. weirii in North America. Mycologia 86:121-130. Lim YW, Yeung YCA, Sturrock R, Leal I & Breuil C (2005). Differentiating the two closely related species, Phellinus weirii and P. sulphurascens. Forest Pathology 35: 305-314. Murrill WA (1914) An enemy of the western red cedar. Mycologia 6:93-94. Pegler DN & Gibson IAS (1972) Inonotus weirei. CMI Descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. No. 323. (Commonwealth Mycological Institute: Kew, UK). 3. Diagnostic Images Mycelium on the outer bark of roots Cross-section of trunk decay. Host Symptoms: C. Stewart Host symptoms - stem: Dr R. L. James (www.forestryimages.org) (Hagle et al. (www.forestryimages.org) (Hagle et al. 2003) USDA Forest Service 2003) USDA Forest Service Results Generated: Saturday, September 25, 2021 .
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