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Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus Sulphurascens in Washington’S Forests

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Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus Sulphurascens in Washington’S Forests SCIENCE i in the service of WASHINGTON STATE Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus Sulphurascens in Washington’s Forests A report to identify approaches and opportunities ripe for research on understanding and managing root diseases of Douglas-fir. Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rightsNovember reserved. 2013 i Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus Sulphurascens in Washington’s Forests A Report from the Washington State Academy of Sciences, In cooperation with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources November, 2013 Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. ii Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus Sulphurascens in Washington’s Forests NOTICE: This report is in response to a request from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to the Washington State Academy of Sciences. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. The study that is the subject of this report was approved by the Board of Directors of the Washington State Academy of Sciences, whose members are drawn from the membership at large. The members of the committee responsible for the study and report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. Additional copies of this report are available from the Washington State Academy of Sciences, 410 11th Ave. SE, Suite 205, Olympia, Washington, 98501; (360) 534-2321, Internet, http://www.washacad.org. Copyright © 2013 by the Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Publication data Washington State Academy of Sciences. 2013. Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot caused by Phellinus sulphuracens in Washington’s Forests. A Report from the Washington State Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA. 110 pages. http://www.washacad.org/ Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. iii About the Washington State Academy of Sciences The Washington State Academy of Sciences (WSAS) is an organization of Washington State’s leading scientists and engineers dedicated to serving the state with scientific counsel. Formed as a working academy, not an honorary society, WSAS is modeled on the National Research Council. Its mission is two-fold: To provide expert scientific and engineering analysis to inform public policy making in Washington State, and To increase the role and visibility of science in the state. WSAS was formed in response to authorizing legislation signed by Governor Christine Gregoire in 2005. Its 12-member Founding Board of Directors was recommended to the governor by the presidents of Washington State University and the University of Washington, and duly appointed by the governor. In April 2007, WSAS was constituted by the Secretary of State as a private, independent 501(c)(3). Washington State Academy of Sciences 410 11th Avenue SE, Suite 205 Olympia, WA 98501 [email protected] http://www.washacad.org (360) 534-2321 Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. iv Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus Sulphurascens in Washington’s Forests Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. v Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus Sulphurascens in Washington’s Forests Study Committee R. James Cook, Chair Washington State University Robert L. Edmonds University of Washington Ned B. Klopfenstein USDA Forest Service Willis Littke Weyerhaeuser Company Geral McDonald USDA Forest Service Daniel Omdal Washington State Department of Natural Resources Karen Ripley Washington State Department of Natural Resources Charles G. “Terry” Shaw New Zealand and U.S. Forest Services Rona Sturrock, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre Paul Zambino USDA Forest Service Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. vi Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus Sulphurascens in Washington’s Forests Review Committee Pierluigi (Enrico) Bonello The Ohio State University Anjan Bose Washington State University Gregory Filip USDA Forest Service Everett Hansen Oregon State University David Rizzo University of California Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Acknowledgements vii Acknowledgements The Committee acknowledges with thanks, the work of Karen Ripley as recording secre- tary for both the evening discussion session in Leavenworth, WA, on December 12, 2011, and the meetings of the Committee in Seattle on February 16-17, 2012, and again No- vember 16-17, 2012; and for attending to correspondence within the Committee. Thanks also to Mary McDonough, Washington State Academy of Sciences, for arranging travel, facilities, and amenities for the Seattle meeting; and Laurel le Noble, Washington State Academy of Sciences, who oversaw publication of this report. The Committee also recognizes with gratitude the reviews provided for this report by Pro- fessor Mike Wingfield and Dr. Sanushka Naidoo, Tree Protection Cooperative Program, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Biotechnology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa; and Dr. Jane E. Stewart, Research Associate, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, Oregon. Also recognized with thanks are Brian Fitzgerald and Randal Cook of TCF Architecture, Tacoma, Washington, for the information provided on costs and the amount of wood required for construction of a 60,000-square-foot school in the Puget Sound region. A review and evaluation of a final draft of the report was overseen by the WSAS Report Review Committee, chaired by Anjan Bose. Four independent reviewers–Pierluigi (En- rico) Bonello, Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Co- lumbus, Ohio; Gregory Filip, Regional Forest Pathologist, USDA Forest Service, Portland, Oregon; Everett Hansen, Professor Emeritus, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and David Rizzo, Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California–provided very helpful sugges- tions that the Committee incorporated into the final report. The Committee also recognizes with appreciation the appropriations placed equally in the budgets of Washington State University and the University of Washington for work of the Washington State Academy of Sciences that included sufficient funds to cover travel and other costs of conducting this study and producing this report. Travel and other expenses incurred by Department of Natural Resources (DNR) staff as part of this study were paid by the DNR. Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. viii Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus Sulphurascens in Washington’s Forests Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Table of Contents ix Table of Contents Acknowledgements vii Table of Contents ix Executive Summary 1 Introduction 11 Statement of Task 13 Consensus to Focus the Study and Report on Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus sulphurascens 15 Estimated Losses from Laminated Root Rot of Douglas-Fir in the Pacific Northwest 17 Overview of Laminated Root Rot of Douglas-Fir and Life History of Phellinus sulphurascens 29 New Approaches to Root Disease Research and Management in the Twenty-First Century 43 Contemporary Management of Laminated Root Rot: Strategies and Policies 53 Molecular Biological Approaches to Understanding and Managing Laminated Root Rot of Douglas-Fir 59 Findings and Recommendations 69 Conclusions 73 Literature Cited 79 Appendix 1: Committee to Identify Approaches and Opportunities Ripe for Research on Understanding and Managing Root Diseases of Douglas-Fir 97 Appendix 2: Department of Natural Resources Request for the Report and Formation of the Committee 103 Appendix 3: Procedures Used to Reach Consensus on Preliminary Findings 105 Appendix 4: Committee Meeting Agendas 109 Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. x Opportunities for Addressing Laminated Root Rot Caused by Phellinus Sulphurascens in Washington’s Forests Copyright © Washington State Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Executive Summary 1 Executive Summary This report from the Washington State Academy of Sciences (WSAS) is in response to a request from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to “identify approaches and opportunities ripe for research on understanding and managing root diseases of Douglas-fir.” Similar to the process used by the National Research Council, the WSAS upon agree- ing to undertake a project such as requested by the DNR assembles a committee of state, regional, national, and/or international experts, as needed; develops a statement of task to guide the study; conducts the study; and makes recommendations based on the find- ings. The Committee that conducted this study included federal (both U.S. and Canadian), state, university, and private company representation from Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. The statement of task based on the DNR request, followed by further discussions
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