- a ae nBso,1645–1774 Tax RatesinBoston, 6-1 Annual Tax Per Capita (£ sterling) 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.1 1700 1720 Years 1740 1760 1775 6-2 New England Captives, 1675–1763

550 536

500

450

400

350 324

300 277 267 250 Seven Years' War Years' Seven 200

150

Number of New Englanders Captured Number of New 100 85

64 War Queen Anne's 55 King William's War

50 War King George's 33 0 0

1689-1697 1697-1702 1702-1713 1713-1744 1744-1748 1748-1754 1754-1763 Before 1689 of capture Unknown date Period 6-1 The Ohio River Valley, 1747–1758

Fort Ontario (1759) Lake Ontario Fort Lake Fort H u Oswego d s Fort Niagara o Indian town Huron (to 1756) n . R

R . e Geneseo Colonial town e s e n T Trading post e G

Lake A S C E Detroit Fort Presque Isle N E Fort Le Boeuf S French Creek Susq a R. Erie h ue ann Fort Venango c h n D a (1745–1748) Beaver R. MUNSEES- B r e T est r. la DELAWARES n’s C w DELA W Pen a WA Allegheny R. re R. Cuyahoga R. RE R ee S Kittanning . um Kuskuski (Iroquois to 1755) Ma Logg’s (to 1756) Harris’ Ferry Kuskuskies (Delawares) ata R. Town ni Philadelphia Wyandot Town (1747–50) Ju S MIAMIS T Aughwick us qu Lancaster Fort Carlisle eh an S Duquesne Fort n c a i R o Ligonier Fort Bedford . t Fort Pitt . o

R M M Fort Cumberland Pickawillany R

o o u i

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(to 1753) s h o Fort o k n t

O o

in g Necessity m

T g a ac u h R m R (1754) . . e la

. R

R . i m ia M SHAWNEES

050 100 Miles Lower Town

050 100 Kilometers 6-2 The Second Phase of the French and Indian War, 1758–1763

French fort British fort Wo British advance lfe 1 759 ULA French advance NINS E PE French withdrawal ASP Tadoussac G ISLE Battle (British victory) MADELEINE

ISLE NEW ISLE ST. JEAN ROYALE BRUNSWICK Quebec Louisbourg Trois Rivière Fort Gaspereau NEW Fort Cumberland Ottaw a R. Fort Lawrence FRANCE MAINE Saurel Fort St. Jean NOVA La ke Montreal (part of A SCOTIA 8 t Lachine Grand Pré 5 L t Fort Chambly 7 ig Massachusetts) 1 a o . t n R Fort St. Jean rs k e

a enc 0 Fort Isle Aux Noix Halifax he u r 9 e w t La 6 Am a t. 17 5 n S t Annapolis

7 H ers Fort Pownall

Fort Lévis mh 1 Fort Halifax Royal u A t

s

r r Fort La Galette Fort Western e

o Crown Point h

n Fort Frontenac m A NEW Fort Frederick Fort St. Frédéric HAMPSHIRE Falmouth e O n t a r i o Fort Carillon La k Fort George Fort George Fort Niagara Fort Stanwix Fort Edward 8 175 Fort Little Niagara 175 Fort Oswego erst 9 Fort Amh NEW Herkimer Albany Fort Dummer Schenectady Salem YORK i e R Boston

r t

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a c MASSACHUSETTS L e

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n R

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Fort Le Boeuf u ATLANTIC

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a New York r CONNECTICUT Fort Duquesne e R Harris’ Ferry . NEW Redstone Old Fort Fort Carlyle Fort Necessity Raystown JERSEY Fort Cumberland MARYLAND 0 50 100 Miles

050100 Kilometers 6-3 The North American Colonies Before and After the French and Indian War

H . . Disputed by Great R u R e d e c s c Britain and France n o pan y n re n m re w ’s o w a B ay C a . L . L St St ke Superio ke Superio La r Ottaw La r Ottaw A a R a R D . . A N L L ak ak A e e n H S n H a u a u g r E g r C i i o ntario o ntario h O I h O n . n . c L c L i i N

M M

O

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k rie L rie a

a E E L L ke ke La O La C

N 3 BRITISH 6 A 7 FRENCH 1 C INDIAN f issou Disputed I issou o M ri M ri R . R R e . R by Great . TERRITORY n io E i Oh . L Britain and M R o n hi o France A O i at . SPANISH . R H R m i i la L p S p c ip I Ceded by France 1762 ip o O s s r is is P s T s U is I is I M R M S B I A N A Sa Sa bine ATLANTIC bine ATLANTIC R. R.

SPANISH SPAN OCEAN OCEAN IS TEXAS H F L O R I D

A GULF OF MEXICO GULF OF MEXICO

0150 300 Miles 0150 300 Miles

0150 300 Kilometers 0150 300 Kilometers 6-4 Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763

Michilimackinac L a k e Green Bay H u n r rio a o Onta n NEW H g ke Edward Augustus i a u L d h YORK s o

c n

i

R

M .

e Presque Isle Detroit r i

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k e Le Boeuf

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L L a PENNSYLVANIA NEW St. Joseph Venango Sandusky JERSEY Ligonier . R Miami Bedford pi p Pitt i

s MARYLAND

s sh R.

i Ouiatenon ba DELAWARE

s a

s W i M

VIRGINIA Ohio R. ATLANTIC OCEAN souri R. Mis

Forts destroyed or abandoned, Indian victory 0 100 200 Miles Forts attacked or beseiged by Indians, held by British NORTH CAROLINA 0 100 200 Kilometers Value (£ sterling) 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 - Trade BetweenEnglandandtheColonies 6-3 1760 Exports 1765 Years 1770 Imports 1775 TABLE 6-1 Major Events Leading to the Revolutionary War, 1763–1774

1763 Proclamation of 1763 Confines colonists to the east of an imaginary line running down the spine of the Allegheny Mountains. 1764 Sugar Act Drops duty on molasses to 3¢/gallon, but institutes procedures to make sure it is collected, such as trial at Admiralty Court (closest is in Nova Scotia), where burden of proof is on defendant and verdict is rendered by judge rather than jury. 1764 Currency Act Forbids issuing of any colonial currency. 1765 Stamp Act Places a tax on 15 classes of documents, including newspapers and legal documents; clear objective is to raise revenue. 1765 Quartering Act Requires colonies to provide housing in public buildings and certain provisions for troops. 1766 Declaratory Act Repeals Stamp Act, but insists that Parliament retains the right to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.” 1767 Townshend Revenue Act Places import duty on lead, paint, glass, paper, and tea; objective is to raise money from the colonies. 1770 Boston Massacre Several citizens killed by British soldiers whom they had pelted with snowballs; grew out of tensions caused by quartering of four army regiments in Boston to enforce customs regulations. 1773 Tea Act After Townshend duties on all items other than tea are removed, British East India Company is given a monopoly on the sale of tea, enabling it to drop price—and cut out middlemen. 1773 Boston Tea Party To protest Tea Act, Bostonians dump 90,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor. 1774 Intolerable Acts To punish Massachusetts in general and Boston in particular for the “Tea Party”: 1). Port of Boston closed until East India Company repaid for dumped tea. 2). King to appoint Massachusetts’ Council; town meetings to require written permission of Governor; Governor will appoint judges and sheriffs, and sheriffs will now select juries. 3). Governor can send officials and soldiers accused of capital crimes out of Massachusetts for their trials. 4).Troops may be quartered in private homes. 1774 Quebec Act Gives Ohio River valley to Quebec; Britain allows Quebec to be governed by French tradition and tolerates Catholic religion there. 1774 First Continental Congress Representatives of twelve colonies meet in Philadelphia and call for a boycott of trade with Britain, adopt a Declaration of Rights, and agree to meet in a year.