Maryland Historical Magazine, 1952, Volume 47, Issue No. 4
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MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE Springfield Farm, Washington County, Once the Home of General Otho Holland Williams MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY BALTIMORE December • 1952 A new Will may save your family money Your Will need not be dog-eared with age to be out of date. If it was made only a few years ago, perhaps you should make a new one and qualify part of your estate for the marital deduction now allowed by law. By naming the First National as Executor and Trustee you can be assured that your estate will be safeguarded during settlement, and that it will be provided with capable management during the continuance of the trust. Consult one of our Trust Officers about the possible savings to your estate and family under such a plan. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BALTIMORE Resources over $275,000,000 iiP ii ooooo Soooo MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE VOL. XLII, NO. 4 DECEMBER, 1952 CONTENTS pAGE Some Influences of Poetry Upon the Course of History Adrienne Cecile Rich 273 Sir Augustus J. Foster in Maryland Edited by Margaret Kinard Latimer 283 Maryland Quakers in the Seventeenth Century Kenneth L. Carroll 297 Springfield Farm of Conococheague Mary Vernon Mish 314 A John Hancock Letter Written When Congress Was Leaving Baltimore Town 336 Reviews of Recent Books 340 Notes and Queries 354 Annual Subscriptions to the Magazine $4.00. Each issue $1.00. The Magazine assumes no responsibility for statements or opinions expressed in its pages. FRED SHELLEY, Editor FRANCIS C. HABER, Associate Editor The Magazine is entered as second class matter, at the post office at Baltimore, Maryland, under Act of August 24, 1912. THE MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY H. IRVINE KEYSER MEMORIAL BUILDINGS 201 W. MONUMENT STREET, BALTIMORE 1 GEORGE L. RADCLIFFE, President; JAMES W. FOSTER, Director The Maryland Historical Society, incorporated in 1844, was organized to collect, preserve and spread information relating to the history of Maryland and of the United States. Its threefold program includes 1. Collection of manuscript and printed materials, maps, prints, paintings, furniture, silver, fabrics, maritime items, and other objects of interest; 2. Preservation of these materials for the benefit of all who care to enjoy them, and exhibition of items which will encourage an understanding of State and National history; and 3. Spread of historical information relating to Maryland and the rest of the country by means of addresses at the Society's home by authorities in various fields; addresses to outside groups by officers and staff of the Society; publi- cation of the Maryland Historical Magazine, a quarterly containing original articles about State history; Maryland History Notes, a quarterly bulletin of news of the Society and other local historical items, and of the Archives of Maryland under the authority of the State. The annual dues of the Society are $5.00, life membership $100.00. 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Before we try to view some of these influences, I think we must begin by admitting at once that a list of poems that have altered the course of history would not prove impressive in length. Of course there have been patriotically inspired poems, written for a cause, which have illuminated the issues of historical crisis, and in capturing men's imaginations have stirred them to act. Here in Maryland we are the inheritors of two such poems: Francis Scott Key's "Star-Spangled Banner," and our own State song, " Maryland, My Maryland," the words of which turned a German folk-carol into a martial and defiant * Copyright, 1952, by Adrienne Cecile Ri*. 1 Address delivered before a joint meeting of the Maryland Historical Society and the English-Speaking Union on September 18, 1952. 273 274 MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE anthem. Those two poems grew from and have remained a part of our national and State history, and beside them we may place Julia Ward Howe's "' Battle Hymn of the Republic," written during the Civil War, at the suggestion of a friend, to the tune of " John Brown's Body." Certainly in all countries in times of political stress the emotions of men have been played upon to no small effect by the beat of rhythm and the ring of words. We find the poet William Butler Yeats looking back, in his last years, upon his career in the days of the Irish Revolution, and writing. Did that play of mine send out Certain men the English shot ? 2 as if the poet himself felt troubled by the weight of his responsi- bility as a man with the gift of arousing other men to action. But I think we are limiting ourselves if, in this discussion, we think of history only in terms of political events, battles, and the signing of treaties. Poetry has had some say in these episodes, at least as a means of crystallization, as a spotlight turned on a cause or a struggle. But it is not in the nature of poetry that it should have influenced history as prose rhetoric has done. Oratory, if only because it can reach hundreds or thousands of hearers simultaneously, and work directly upon their immediate emotions, has a double life: In its best sense, it is both an art and a political instrument. If it fails to accomplish its practical purpose it is to some degree a failure as an art; if it is insufficiently an art, it may fail as a practical instrument. And throughout history we see the orator moving and swaying the course of events, from Pericles in Athens to Churchill in the Battle of Britain. Poetry cannot, I am saying, lay claim to just this kind of influ- ence. For one thing, it reaches men in a different way: It is read by individual people at their individual times and places, not always at the collective rallying-point or the moment of greatest urgency. Then, too, poetry can rarely remain itself, and be true to its own principles, when it is composed chiefly in order to work some particular alteration in a state of events. It may have its germ in the soil of contemporary issues, but, more often than not, it fails when it is allowed to become primarily an instrument for a purpose outside itself. 2 W. B. Yeats, Collected Poems (New York, Macmillan, 1951), p. 393. Quoted with permission of the Macmillan Company. INFLUENCES OF POETRY UPON THE COURSE OF HISTORY 275 Poetry is, of course, always concerned with creating states of mind and heart, and with modifying the vision of its readers; with communicating a conviction, and, very often, with expressing the sense of an age or a society. And this brings me to the wider sense in which poetry has influenced the history of man—a sense, I believe, more fundamental and more lasting than the effect of any single poem on any single historical moment. Some of this is recognized by Plato in his Republic, when he discusses education in the ideal state, and criticizes the poets, including Homer, for certain passages in their works, including several which seem to evoke a too-terrifying idea of life after death, in the Underworld. He says: We must beg Homer and the other poets not to be angry if we strike out these and similar passages, not because they are unpoetical, or unattractive to the popular ear, but because the greater the poetical charm of them, the less are they meet for the ears of boys and men who .