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A CASE STUDY of MOUND 23 at HOPEWELL MOUND GROUP Margaret Robinson University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected]

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A CASE STUDY of MOUND 23 at HOPEWELL MOUND GROUP Margaret Robinson University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Mtrobinson16@Gmail.Com University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Anthropology Department Theses and Anthropology, Department of Dissertations 12-2016 ILLUMINATING HOPEWELL LEGACY DATA: A CASE STUDY OF MOUND 23 AT HOPEWELL MOUND GROUP Margaret Robinson University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthrotheses Part of the Anthropology Commons Robinson, Margaret, "ILLUMINATING HOPEWELL LEGACY DATA: A CASE STUDY OF MOUND 23 AT HOPEWELL MOUND GROUP" (2016). Anthropology Department Theses and Dissertations. 46. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthrotheses/46 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Department Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. ILLUMINATING HOPEWELL LEGACY DATA: A CASE STUDY OF MOUND 23 AT HOPEWELL MOUND GROUP By Margaret Robinson A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: Anthropology Under the Supervision of Professor Carolyn Heitman Lincoln, Nebraska December, 2016 ILLUMINATING HOPEWELL LEGACY DATA: A CASE STUDY OF MOUND 23 AT HOPEWELL MOUND GROUP Margaret Robinson, M.A. University of Nebraska, 2016 Advisor: Carolyn Heitman Digital archives present new opportunities for transparency, context and accessibility by digitizing and publishing limitedly accessible collections of archival documents and artifacts. Due to the destructive nature of archaeological inquiry these datasets are the only remaining materials from which archaeologists can make interpretations about past human behavior. The objective of this thesis was to be a case study for the usability of legacy data from Hopewell Mound Group by examining newly accessible data sources through the Ohio Hopewell digital archive (hopewell.unl.edu). The resulting databases for the burial data and artifacts of Hopewell Mound Group’s Mound 23 are a combination of the Field Museum of Natural History artifact catalog, archival field notes, published manuscripts, unpublished manuscripts, excavation reports, and plan maps. In addition, contemporary data sources such as Case and Carr’s (2005: Appendix 6.1) HOPEBIOARCH database and geophysical data from Hopewell Culture National Historic Park were also used in this study. Through the examination of the archival data in conjunction with museum artifact catalogs and contemporary data I was able to glean new details and interpretations of Mound 23 at Hopewell Mound Group. Details regarding burial numbering, burial preparation, and artifact associations which were previously unintelligible from the published data are presented for future study. The databases were also situated within a GIS environment to provide a new level of analysis for comparing burial deposits within Mound 23. Lastly, the materials recovered and compiled through this investigation of Mound 23 were compared to previous mortuary analyses of Hopewell Mound Group’s Mound 25 by Greber and Ruhl (1989) and Case and Carr (2005). Overall, based upon a set of measures outlined by Case and Carr (2005), Mound 23 possessed few individuals of potentially high social status and based upon Case and Carr’s (2005) suite of features demonstrated ceremonial society membership or achieved status. Future analyses should examine the ethnographic record in relation to patterns of mortuary deposits at Hopewell Mound Group. Moreover, more reliable dating of the deposits of mounds 23 and 25 should be undertaken to better elucidate their relationship to one another and expand the analytical capabilities of future research. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Carolyn Heitman for her immense support throughout my graduate school education and for talking me through my moments of panic, frustration, and discouragement. You lifted me up through dark times and provided a calming voice during this transitional period of my life. Thank you for telling me it will all be okay. I would also like to thank Dr. Heather Richards-Rissetto for her mentorship and the digital skills and techniques I learned under her tutelage continue to be some of the most important lessons I learned to propel me into the professional world. I enjoyed learning from the best. Lastly, thank you Dr. Timothy Schilling for introduction me to my first professional archaeological project for the National Park Service and giving me the space to learn and apply new technologies. I appreciated your encouragement and most of all for saying “hey, it’s just a thesis.” Thank you to the Field Museum of Natural History for their contributions to the Ohio Hopewell digital archive (hopewell.unl.edu) especially Kree Britt (University of Illinois-Chicago), Dr. William Parkinson (University of Illinois-Chicago and Field Museum of Natural History), and Dr. James Brown (Northwestern University, Field Museum of Natural History). In addition, thank you Dr. Christopher Carr for allowing me access to the HOPEBIOARCH database and Dr. Bret Ruby of the Hopewell Culture National Historic Park for access to the geophysical data of Hopewell Mound Group. My friends have become part of my family in Lincoln, Nebraska. Without them I am sure I would have given up long ago. Finally, I grateful for my mother who always offers soothing words and weird bitmojis when I need them…just do it babe. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page ........................................................................................................................... i Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. i Table of contents ................................................................................................................. ii List of figures ..................................................................................................................... iv List of tables ........................................................................................................................ v Chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Background and Study Area Description ....................................................................... 3 Hopewell Mound Group ................................................................................................. 6 Scope of Thesis ............................................................................................................. 16 Chapter 2 ........................................................................................................................... 18 The Ohio Hopewell Culture .......................................................................................... 25 Subsistence, Economy, and Ritual ............................................................................ 26 Settlement ................................................................................................................. 28 Earthwork Construction ............................................................................................ 32 Hopewell Mound Group ............................................................................................... 36 Squier and Davis (1845) ........................................................................................... 37 Warren K. Moorehead (1891-1892) and the World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893 39 Shetrone and Mills (1922-1925) ............................................................................... 41 Social Status in the Material Record ............................................................................. 46 Chapter 3 ........................................................................................................................... 53 Mound 23 ...................................................................................................................... 57 Deposition Overview from the Archival Documents ................................................... 59 Mound 23 Plan Maps .................................................................................................... 66 Methods for integrating data from multiple sources ..................................................... 68 Archival Data and Data Integration .............................................................................. 69 Discrepancies in skeletal numbering ............................................................................ 70 Spatial Analysis ............................................................................................................ 74 iii Chapter 4 ........................................................................................................................... 77 Mound 23 Results ......................................................................................................... 78 Sex differences in Mound 23 burial population ............................................................ 82 Comparisons to previous research ...............................................................................
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