BSCB Magazine BRITISH SOCIETY for CELL BIOLOGY

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

BSCB Magazine BRITISH SOCIETY for CELL BIOLOGY 2020 BSCB Magazine BRITISH SOCIETY FOR CELL BIOLOGY BSCB Magazine 2020 News 2 Features 6 Meeting Reports 23 Summer Students 31 Society Business 36 Editorial In this issue of the BSCB magazine we are worth hearing about. Interviews with Pleasan- Front cover: Scanning electron microscopy image looking both backwards and forwards, like tine and Euginia are on pages 14–19. We would of a 16-week-old human Janus. We have had a lot of celebrate over the also congratulate the winners of the UK Young retinal organoid generated past year, particularly due to the hard work Cell Biologist of the Year: Laura Hankins, Raff from pluripotent stem of our PhD and Postdoctoral representatives. lab, Oxford. The Postdoc poster prize went to cells using bioreactor We are very excited to launch two new BSCB our own: Gautam Dey, Buzz lab, London. Our technology. Image has been pseudo-coloured to awards, the Martin Raff award for the best PhD Early career symposium was very well received, highlight rod (Purple) and project and the Postdoctoral award to recognise judging by all of the tweets and feedback. cone (Cyan) photoreceptor excellence in our early career members. Please In 2020 we will be having one of our first outer-segments, the cell see pages 4 and 5 for more information about overseas meetings in Paris with the French structures of the retina this and how to apply. Society for Cell Biology. This means our usual capable of capturing light and transforming it Reaching our 55th anniversary as a society Spring meeting will move to the late summer, into vision. The image, by this year some of our committee members we are looking forwards to seeing you there. For Patrick Ovando Roche at have carried out an extensive research project more information please see our website, we UCL, was the 1st Prize looking into our history as a society. This has will be opening registration after Easter. winner of the BSCB Image Competition 2019. been quite important as some of our founding We continued with our series of excellent members are now entering their 90’s but due to meetings, including the microtubule meeting, the unstinting work of David Archer and Andrew The North of England Cell Biology forum, the Carter we have been able to interview them to Actin meeting and UK membrane trafficking find out more about what motivated the foun- meeting. If you have an idea for a meeting dation of the BSCB and what our first meetings please get in touch with our meetings secre- were like. Please read more on pages. As part tary as we have funding available for one day of this we have been eager to get copies of focussed meetings. We consider applications early newsletters, if you have newsletters from in our Spring and Autumn committee meet- 1995 or earlier please get in touch! ings. To find out what we are upto and for news Last year we had an excellent meeting with updates please do follow along on twitter @ the BSDB in Warwick which took place between official_BSCB the 7th and 10th of April. The meeting had a Its important to us as a society that we re- particular focus on Cancer Cell biology and flect our members’ needs and interests, so we mechanosensing and was organised by Susana are launching a membership survey in January. Godhino and our previous WICB prize winner The survey is still open at www.quicksurveys. Vicky Sanz Moreno. We again commend Anne com/s/f4Y7D so if you haven’t responded Straube our meetings secretary for doing a please do so here. I’ll look forwards to putting professional job of coordinating the meeting. the feedback for you in the 2021 edition. Denise Montell gave the opening plenary lec- It’s great to be back editing the Magazine, ture on collective cell migration of the Neural I’d like to thank Susana and Stephen for their Crest. A topic which appealed to both BSCB hard work on the last edition, and Giles Newton and DB members. We were delighted to award who does our production. I hope you enjoy our Pleasantine Mill the Women in Cell Biology 2020 edition and look forwards to seeing you Prize and Eugina Piddinia the Hooke medal. If in Paris. you haven’t heard their talks please head over to our website www.bscb.org as they are well Ann Magazine Editor: Ann Wheeler Production: Giles Newton, Deadlift Media Printer: Hobbs BSCB website: www.bscb.org 1 NEWS Society News BSCB President’s Report 2019 I hope you enjoy this year’s BSCB, this will be held in cell biologists BSCB Magazine, which is September (23rd to 25th) are members full of information about rather than our usual Spring of the BSCB your Society. Here I describe Meeting. This Paris meeting and regularly a few highlights of 2019 and has nine sessions on cell attend BSCB look forward to 2020. biology topics ranging from meetings. We Cytoskeleton to Synthetic contacted our Our 2019 annual meeting at Biology, and includes a BSCB members Warwick University was full session on New Methods for in Ireland to find of exciting science, with a Cell Biology. The two 2020 out who would be interested Ambassador, please contact special focus on cancer cell Medal winners will also in being on the committee. our Membership Secretary biology. We shared the April present their Lectures. One We have also decided to Andrew Carter and he will meeting with the British of the highlights will be the make our two medals, send you information. All Society for Developmental conference dinner, which the Hooke Medal and the details are also available on Biology (BSDB) at Warwick is an evening cruise on the Women in Cell Biology Early our website. University. We are really River Seine. Career Award Medal, open to grateful to Vicky Sanz- scientists who work in either I look forward to meeting Moreno and Susana Godinho The meeting will include the UK or Ireland. many BSCB members in who worked with the two many opportunities for PhD 2020 at our annual meeting BSDB co-organisers to put students and postdocs to As a BSCB member, you in Paris next September the programme together present their work. First, have many benefits in and/or at one of our and manage last-minute 33 talks will be selected addition to a discount on sponsored meetings. Please changes during the meeting. from abstracts that you the annual BSCB meeting. look out for our stands at It is always a pleasure to submit. There is also a If you are a PhD student these meetings to talk to award our two BSCB medals Graduate Symposium at the or postdoc, you can apply committee members and and hear the Lectures from beginning of the meeting, for an Honor Fell travel ambassadors and find out the winners. The 2019 organised and run by PhD award to help fund your more about the BSCB. BSCB Hooke Medal winner students and postdocs with travel and registration Eugenia Piddini (University all speakers selected from costs for any meeting or Anne Ridley of Bristol) gave a movie- PhD and postdoc abstracts. workshop relevant to cell BSCB President filled talk describing her In addition, prizes for the biology, including a BSCB latest innovative research best posters by BSCB PhD meeting. Group leaders on cell competition, using students and postdocs who do not currently have both Drosophila and will be awarded at the end any travel funds in their mammalian cells in culture. of the meeting. There will grants are eligible to apply. If you missed her talk, you also be a PhD student and BSCB members can also can watch it on our BSCB postdoc evening social sponsor an undergraduate YouTube channel linked to event. We hope that many to carry out a 6-8 week our website (https://bscb. UK PhD students and summer studentship org/)/ The 2019 BSCB postdocs will join us at this in your laboratory. In Women in Cell Biology Early unique event to share their addition, you can apply Career Award Medal winner results and experiences with to the BSCB for funding Pleasantine Mill (University their French counterparts. to help run a one-day of Edinburgh) spoke about meeting on a cell biology her latest work on how cilia This year the BSCB topic. For more information form and how this process committee welcomed about this please see the is defective in patients with Ciaran Morrison (National Awards and Grants section inherited ciliopathies. University of Ireland of our website. Finally, Galway), who joined us in you can become a BSCB Our 2020 annual meeting April. This is the first time Ambassador, acting locally will be a special event in the committee has had a within your Institute/ Paris, shared with our non-UK committee member. University to promote the fellow French Society for This reflects the fact that BSCB, BSCB meetings, Cell Biology (SBCF), and Ireland does not have its and the values of BSCB entitled Cell la Vie (a French own Cell Biology Society, membership. If you are pun…). Unusually for the and hence several Irish interested in being a BSCB 2 NEWS Science Wanted! New In brief... Advocacy PhD and FROM THE POSTDOC REP IS Report Postdoc Reps MEMBERSHIP TOP PRELIGHTS SECRETARY REVIEWER! After several years and a lot Politics remains extremely of hard work on the com- A new fee structure was On 24 September 2019, volatile at the moment. I mittee, both Joyce Yu and introduced in January 2019 the Company of Biologists attended the Christmas Gautem Dey will be looking in which direct debit payers celebrated 500 preLights Parliamentary Reception on to step down as PhD and pay less (£35) compared posts.
Recommended publications
  • Dynamical Gene Regulatory Networks Are Tuned by Transcriptional Autoregulation with Microrna Feedback Thomas G
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Dynamical gene regulatory networks are tuned by transcriptional autoregulation with microRNA feedback Thomas G. Minchington1, Sam Grifths‑Jones2* & Nancy Papalopulu1* Concepts from dynamical systems theory, including multi‑stability, oscillations, robustness and stochasticity, are critical for understanding gene regulation during cell fate decisions, infammation and stem cell heterogeneity. However, the prevalence of the structures within gene networks that drive these dynamical behaviours, such as autoregulation or feedback by microRNAs, is unknown. We integrate transcription factor binding site (TFBS) and microRNA target data to generate a gene interaction network across 28 human tissues. This network was analysed for motifs capable of driving dynamical gene expression, including oscillations. Identifed autoregulatory motifs involve 56% of transcription factors (TFs) studied. TFs that autoregulate have more interactions with microRNAs than non‑autoregulatory genes and 89% of autoregulatory TFs were found in dual feedback motifs with a microRNA. Both autoregulatory and dual feedback motifs were enriched in the network. TFs that autoregulate were highly conserved between tissues. Dual feedback motifs with microRNAs were also conserved between tissues, but less so, and TFs regulate diferent combinations of microRNAs in a tissue‑dependent manner. The study of these motifs highlights ever more genes that have complex regulatory dynamics. These data provide a resource for the identifcation of TFs which regulate the dynamical properties of human gene expression. Cell fate changes are a key feature of development, regeneration and cancer, and are ofen thought of as a “land- scape” that cells move through1,2. Cell fate changes are driven by changes in gene expression: turning genes on or of, or changing their levels above or below a threshold where a cell fate change occurs.
    [Show full text]
  • SM08 Programme
    SATELLITE MEETING Regulation of gene expression from a distance: exploring mechanisms The Royal Society at Chicheley Hall, home of the Kavli Royal Society International Centre Organised by Professor Wendy Bickmore and Professor Veronica van Heyningen FRS Wednesday 24 – Thursday 25 October 2012 DAY 1 DAY 2 SESSION 1 SESSION 2 SESSION 3 SESSION 4 Enhancer assays Quantitative and dynamic analysis Quantitative & dynamic analysis of Defining enhancers and their mechanisms – transgenes, genetics, and interactomes of transcription protein binding at regulatory of action Chair: Professor Nick Hastie CBE FRS Chair: elements Chair: Dr Duncan Odom Welcome by RS & lead 09.00 Professor Anne Ferguson-Smith Chair: Professor Constance Bonifer organiser The evolution of global Dynamic use of enhancers in Design rules for bacterial Massively parallel functional 09.05 enhancers 13.30 development 09.00 enhancers 13.15 dissection of mammalian enhancers Professor Denis Duboule Professor Mike Levine Dr Roee Amit Dr Rupali Patwardhan 09.30 Discussion 14.00 Discussion 09.30 Discussion 13.45 Discussion Complex protein dynamics at HERC2 rs12913832 modulates The pluripotent 3D genome Gene expression genomics eukaryotic regulatory human pigmentation by attenuating 09.45 14.15 09.45 Professor Wouter de Laat Dr Sarah Teichmann elements chromatin-loop formation between a 14.00 Dr Gordon Hager long-range enhancer and the OCA2 promoter 10.15 Discussion 14.45 Discussion 10.15 Discussion Dr Robert-Jan Palstra 10.30 Coffee 15.00 Tea 10.30 Coffee 14.15 Tea Maps of open chromatin
    [Show full text]
  • ZMYND10 Functions in a Chaperone Relay During Axonemal Dynein Assembly
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/233718; this version posted December 13, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 ZMYND10 functions in a chaperone relay during axonemal dynein assembly. 2 3 Girish R Mali1,9 , Patricia Yeyati1, Seiya Mizuno2, Margaret A Keighren1, Petra zur Lage3, Amaya 4 Garcia-Munoz4, Atsuko Shimada5, Hiroyuki Takeda5, Frank Edlich6, Satoru Takahashi2,7, Alex von 5 Kreigsheim4,8, Andrew Jarman3 and Pleasantine Mill1,*. 6 7 1. MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of 8 Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, EH4 2XU 9 2. Laboratory Animal Resource Centre, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan, 305-8575 10 3. Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, EH8 9XD 11 4. Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland 12 5. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 113-0033 13 6. Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, 14 79104 15 7. Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 16 Japan, 305-8575 17 8. Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University 18 of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, EH4 2XU 19 9. Current address: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0QH 20 * Corresponding author: [email protected] 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/233718; this version posted December 13, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Mothers in Science
    The aim of this book is to illustrate, graphically, that it is perfectly possible to combine a successful and fulfilling career in research science with motherhood, and that there are no rules about how to do this. On each page you will find a timeline showing on one side, the career path of a research group leader in academic science, and on the other side, important events in her family life. Each contributor has also provided a brief text about their research and about how they have combined their career and family commitments. This project was funded by a Rosalind Franklin Award from the Royal Society 1 Foreword It is well known that women are under-represented in careers in These rules are part of a much wider mythology among scientists of science. In academia, considerable attention has been focused on the both genders at the PhD and post-doctoral stages in their careers. paucity of women at lecturer level, and the even more lamentable The myths bubble up from the combination of two aspects of the state of affairs at more senior levels. The academic career path has academic science environment. First, a quick look at the numbers a long apprenticeship. Typically there is an undergraduate degree, immediately shows that there are far fewer lectureship positions followed by a PhD, then some post-doctoral research contracts and than qualified candidates to fill them. Second, the mentors of early research fellowships, and then finally a more stable lectureship or career researchers are academic scientists who have successfully permanent research leader position, with promotion on up the made the transition to lectureships and beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • BSCB Newsletter 2017D
    2017 BSCB Newsletter BRITISH SOCIETY FOR CELL BIOLOGY Meet the new BSCB President Royal Opening of the Crick Meeting reports 2017 CONTENTS BSCB Newsletter News 2 Book reviews 7 Features 8 Meeting Reports 24 Summer students 30 Society Business 33 Editorial Welcome to the 2017 BSCB newsletter. After several meeting hosted several well received events for our Front cover: years of excellent service, Kate Nobes has stepped PhD and Postdoc members, which we discuss on The head of a Drosophila pupa. The developing down and handed the reins over to me. I’ve enjoyed page 5. Our PhD and Postdoc reps are working hard compound eye (green) is putting together this years’ newsletter. It’s been great to make the event bigger and better for next year! The composed of several hundred simple units called ommatidia to hear what our members have been up to, and I social events were well attended including the now arranged in an extremely hope you will enjoy reading it. infamous annual “Pub Quiz” and disco after the regular array. The giant conference dinner. Members will be relieved to know polyploidy cells of the fat body (red), the fly equivalent of the The 2016 BSCB/DB spring meeting, organised by our we aren’t including any photos from that here. mammalian liver and adipose committee members Buzz Baum (UCL), Silke tissue, occupy a big area of the Robatzek and Steve Royle, had a particular focus on In this issue, we highlight the great work the BSCB head. Cells and Tissue Architecture, Growth & Cell Division, has been doing to engage young scientists.
    [Show full text]
  • Ventral Hindgut and Bladder Development
    Ventral Hindgut and Bladder Development by Wei CHENG A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements For the degree of PhD Graduate Department of Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Wei Cheng, 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-40009-8 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-40009-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Expression Studies: from Case-Control to Multiple-Population-Based Studies
    From the Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen,¨ Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur¨ Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH) Head: Prof. Dr. Thomas Meitinger Gene expression studies: From case-control to multiple-population-based studies Thesis Submitted for a Doctoral Degree in Natural Sciences at the Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat¨ Munchen¨ Katharina Schramm Dachau, Germany 2016 With approval of the Faculty of Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨atM ¨unchen Supervisor/Examiner: Prof. Dr. Thomas Illig Co-Examiners: Prof. Dr. Roland Kappler Dean: Prof. Dr. med. dent. Reinhard Hickel Date of oral examination: 22.12.2016 II Dedicated to my family. III Abstract Recent technological developments allow genome-wide scans of gene expression levels. The reduction of costs and increasing parallelization of processing enable the quantification of 47,000 transcripts in up to twelve samples on a single microarray. Thereby the data collec- tion of large population-based studies was improved. During my PhD, I first developed a workflow for the statistical analyses of case-control stu- dies of up to 50 samples. With large population-based data sets generated I established a pipeline for quality control, data preprocessing and correction for confounders, which re- sulted in substantially improved data. In total, I processed more than 3,000 genome-wide expression profiles using the generated pipeline. With 993 whole blood samples from the population-based KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) study we established one of the largest population-based resource. Using this data set we contributed to a number of transcriptome-wide association studies within national (MetaXpress) and international (CHARGE) consortia.
    [Show full text]
  • Translational Activity of the Splicing Factor SRSF1 Is Required for Development and Cilia Function
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.04.263251; this version posted September 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Haward, Maslon, Yeyati et al. Translational activity of the splicing factor SRSF1 is required for development and cilia function Fiona Haward,1,5,6 Magdalena M. Maslon,1,6 Patricia L. Yeyati,1,6 Nicolas Bellora,2 Jan N. Hansen,3 Stuart Aitken,1 Jennifer Lawson,1 Alex von Kriegsheim,4 Dagmar Wachten,3 Pleasantine Mill,1,* Ian R. Adams1,* and Javier F. Cáceres1,7,* 1MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK 2IPATEC, ConseJo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina. 3Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany 4Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK 5Present address: Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK 6These authors contributed equally to this work 7Lead contact *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Running title: Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of SR proteins [Key Words: SR proteins; SRSF1; alternative splicing; mRNA translation; cilia] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.04.263251; this version posted September 4, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
    Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography.
    [Show full text]
  • EMBC Annual Report 2007
    EMBO | EMBC annual report 2007 EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ORGANIZATION | EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CONFERENCE EMBO | EMBC table of contents introduction preface by Hermann Bujard, EMBO 4 preface by Tim Hunt and Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, EMBO Council 6 preface by Marja Makarow and Isabella Beretta, EMBC 7 past & present timeline 10 brief history 11 EMBO | EMBC | EMBL aims 12 EMBO actions 2007 15 EMBC actions 2007 17 EMBO & EMBC programmes and activities fellowship programme 20 courses & workshops programme 21 young investigator programme 22 installation grants 23 science & society programme 24 electronic information programme 25 EMBO activities The EMBO Journal 28 EMBO reports 29 Molecular Systems Biology 30 journal subject categories 31 national science reviews 32 women in science 33 gold medal 34 award for communication in the life sciences 35 plenary lectures 36 communications 37 European Life Sciences Forum (ELSF) 38 ➔ 2 table of contents appendix EMBC delegates and advisers 42 EMBC scale of contributions 49 EMBO council members 2007 50 EMBO committee members & auditors 2007 51 EMBO council members 2008 52 EMBO committee members & auditors 2008 53 EMBO members elected in 2007 54 advisory editorial boards & senior editors 2007 64 long-term fellowship awards 2007 66 long-term fellowships: statistics 82 long-term fellowships 2007: geographical distribution 84 short-term fellowship awards 2007 86 short-term fellowships: statistics 104 short-term fellowships 2007: geographical distribution 106 young investigators 2007 108 installation
    [Show full text]
  • Feedback Interactions Between Cell–Cell Adherens Junctions and Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Newt Lung Epithelial Cells□V Clare M
    Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 11, 2471–2483, July 2000 Feedback Interactions between Cell–Cell Adherens Junctions and Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Newt Lung Epithelial Cells□V Clare M. Waterman-Storer,*†‡ Wendy C. Salmon,†‡ and E.D. Salmon‡ *Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Childhood and Neglected Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and ‡Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Submitted February 3, 2000; Revised April 20, 2000; Accepted May 11, 2000 Monitoring Editor: Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz To test how cell–cell contacts regulate microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletal dynamics, we examined dynamics in cells that were contacted on all sides with neighboring cells in an epithelial cell sheet that was undergoing migration as a wound-healing response. Dynamics were recorded using time-lapse digital fluorescence microscopy of microinjected, labeled tubulin and actin. In fully contacted cells, most MT plus ends were quiescent; exhibiting only brief excursions of growth and shortening and spending 87.4% of their time in pause. This contrasts MTs in the lamella of migrating cells at the noncontacted leading edge of the sheet in which MTs exhibit dynamic instability. In the contacted rear and side edges of these migrating cells, a majority of MTs were also quiescent, indicating that cell–cell contacts may locally regulate MT dynamics. Using photoactivation of fluorescence techniques to mark MTs, we found that MTs in fully contacted cells did not undergo retrograde flow toward the cell center, such as occurs at the leading edge of motile cells. Time-lapse fluorescent speckle microscopy of fluorescently labeled actin in fully contacted cells revealed that actin did not flow rearward as occurs in the leading edge lamella of migrating cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on the Historiography of Molecular Biology
    Reflections on the Historiography of Molecular Biology HORACE FREELAND JUDSON SURELY the time has come to stop applying the word revolution to the rise of new scientific research programmes. Our century has seen many upheavals in scientific ideas--so many and so varied that the notion of scientific revolution has been stretched out of shape and can no longer be made to cover the processes of change characteristic of most sciences these past hundred years. By general consent, two great research pro- grammes arising in this century stand om from the others. The first, of course, was the one in physics that began at the turn of the century with quantum theory and relativity and ran through the working out, by about 1930, of quantum mechanics in its relativistic form. The trans- formation in physics appears to be thoroughly documented. Memoirs and biographies of the physicists have been written. Interviewswith survivors have been recorded and transcribed. The history has been told at every level of detail and difficulty. The second great programme is the one in biology that had its origins in the mid-1930s and that by 1970 had reached, if not a conclusion, a kind of cadence--a pause to regroup. This is the transformation that created molecular biology and latter-day biochemistry. The writing of its history has only recently started and is beset with problems. Accounting for the rise of molecular biology began with brief, partial, fugitive essays by participants. Biographies have been written of two, of the less understood figures in the science, who died even as the field was ripening, Oswald Avery and Rosalind Franklin; other scientists have wri:tten their memoirs.
    [Show full text]