BSCB Newsletter 2017D
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Dynamical Gene Regulatory Networks Are Tuned by Transcriptional Autoregulation with Microrna Feedback Thomas G
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Dynamical gene regulatory networks are tuned by transcriptional autoregulation with microRNA feedback Thomas G. Minchington1, Sam Grifths‑Jones2* & Nancy Papalopulu1* Concepts from dynamical systems theory, including multi‑stability, oscillations, robustness and stochasticity, are critical for understanding gene regulation during cell fate decisions, infammation and stem cell heterogeneity. However, the prevalence of the structures within gene networks that drive these dynamical behaviours, such as autoregulation or feedback by microRNAs, is unknown. We integrate transcription factor binding site (TFBS) and microRNA target data to generate a gene interaction network across 28 human tissues. This network was analysed for motifs capable of driving dynamical gene expression, including oscillations. Identifed autoregulatory motifs involve 56% of transcription factors (TFs) studied. TFs that autoregulate have more interactions with microRNAs than non‑autoregulatory genes and 89% of autoregulatory TFs were found in dual feedback motifs with a microRNA. Both autoregulatory and dual feedback motifs were enriched in the network. TFs that autoregulate were highly conserved between tissues. Dual feedback motifs with microRNAs were also conserved between tissues, but less so, and TFs regulate diferent combinations of microRNAs in a tissue‑dependent manner. The study of these motifs highlights ever more genes that have complex regulatory dynamics. These data provide a resource for the identifcation of TFs which regulate the dynamical properties of human gene expression. Cell fate changes are a key feature of development, regeneration and cancer, and are ofen thought of as a “land- scape” that cells move through1,2. Cell fate changes are driven by changes in gene expression: turning genes on or of, or changing their levels above or below a threshold where a cell fate change occurs. -
Mothers in Science
The aim of this book is to illustrate, graphically, that it is perfectly possible to combine a successful and fulfilling career in research science with motherhood, and that there are no rules about how to do this. On each page you will find a timeline showing on one side, the career path of a research group leader in academic science, and on the other side, important events in her family life. Each contributor has also provided a brief text about their research and about how they have combined their career and family commitments. This project was funded by a Rosalind Franklin Award from the Royal Society 1 Foreword It is well known that women are under-represented in careers in These rules are part of a much wider mythology among scientists of science. In academia, considerable attention has been focused on the both genders at the PhD and post-doctoral stages in their careers. paucity of women at lecturer level, and the even more lamentable The myths bubble up from the combination of two aspects of the state of affairs at more senior levels. The academic career path has academic science environment. First, a quick look at the numbers a long apprenticeship. Typically there is an undergraduate degree, immediately shows that there are far fewer lectureship positions followed by a PhD, then some post-doctoral research contracts and than qualified candidates to fill them. Second, the mentors of early research fellowships, and then finally a more stable lectureship or career researchers are academic scientists who have successfully permanent research leader position, with promotion on up the made the transition to lectureships and beyond. -
Female Fellows of the Royal Society
Female Fellows of the Royal Society Professor Jan Anderson FRS [1996] Professor Ruth Lynden-Bell FRS [2006] Professor Judith Armitage FRS [2013] Dr Mary Lyon FRS [1973] Professor Frances Ashcroft FMedSci FRS [1999] Professor Georgina Mace CBE FRS [2002] Professor Gillian Bates FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Trudy Mackay FRS [2006] Professor Jean Beggs CBE FRS [1998] Professor Enid MacRobbie FRS [1991] Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell DBE FRS [2003] Dr Philippa Marrack FMedSci FRS [1997] Dame Valerie Beral DBE FMedSci FRS [2006] Professor Dusa McDuff FRS [1994] Dr Mariann Bienz FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Angela McLean FRS [2009] Professor Elizabeth Blackburn AC FRS [1992] Professor Anne Mills FMedSci FRS [2013] Professor Andrea Brand FMedSci FRS [2010] Professor Brenda Milner CC FRS [1979] Professor Eleanor Burbidge FRS [1964] Dr Anne O'Garra FMedSci FRS [2008] Professor Eleanor Campbell FRS [2010] Dame Bridget Ogilvie AC DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Doreen Cantrell FMedSci FRS [2011] Baroness Onora O'Neill * CBE FBA FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Lorna Casselton CBE FRS [1999] Dame Linda Partridge DBE FMedSci FRS [1996] Professor Deborah Charlesworth FRS [2005] Dr Barbara Pearse FRS [1988] Professor Jennifer Clack FRS [2009] Professor Fiona Powrie FRS [2011] Professor Nicola Clayton FRS [2010] Professor Susan Rees FRS [2002] Professor Suzanne Cory AC FRS [1992] Professor Daniela Rhodes FRS [2007] Dame Kay Davies DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Elizabeth Robertson FRS [2003] Professor Caroline Dean OBE FRS [2004] Dame Carol Robinson DBE FMedSci -
The Control of Shoot Branching: an Example of Plant Information Processing
Plant, Cell and Environment (2009) 32, 694–703 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01930.x The control of shoot branching: an example of plant information processing OTTOLINE LEYSER Department of Biology, Area 11, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK ABSTRACT the apical–basal axis defined by the establishment of the shoot apical meristem at one end, and the root apical mer- Throughout their life cycle, plants adjust their body plan istem at the other. Post-embryonically, the meristems give to suit the environmental conditions in which they are rise to the entire shoot and root systems, respectively. Fur- growing. A good example of this is in the regulation of thermore, the tissues they establish can produce secondary shoot branching. Axillary meristems laid down in each leaf meristems, which if activated can produce entirely new formed from the primary shoot apical meristem can remain axes of growth with the same developmental potential as dormant, or activate to produce a branch. The decision the primary root or shoot from which they were derived. whether to activate an axillary meristem involves the assess- Thus, the body plan of a plant is determined continuously ment of a wide range of external environmental, internal throughout its life cycle, allowing it to be exquisitely envi- physiological and developmental factors. Much of this infor- ronmentally responsive. Plants can alter their body plan to mation is conveyed to the axillary meristem via a network suit their environment, and thus the environmentally regu- of interacting hormonal signals that can integrate inputs lated development of new growth axes is functionally from diverse sources, combining multiple local signals to equivalent to environmentally regulated animal behav- generate a rich source of systemically transmitted informa- iours. -
Analysis of Murine Homeobox Genes Anthony Graham
ANALYSIS OF MURINE HOMEOBOX GENES ANTHONY GRAHAM Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Division of Eukaryotic Molecular Genetics National In s titu te fo r Medical Research The Ridgeway, M ill H ill London NW7 1AA Univeristy College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT November, 1989 ProQuest Number: 10611102 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10611102 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 This thesis is dedicated to my mother and father. i i The work in this thesis is original except where stated. The sequences used for comparisons in Chapter 3 were not determined by the author but were either from publications from other laboratories or from other members of the laboratory. Anthony Graham: ABSTRACT The work in this thesis is consistent with , and strengthens, suggestions that murine homeobox genes play a role in the establishment of regional specification. It is shown that there is a correlation between the physical order of members of the Hox 2 cluster and their order of expression along the rostrocaudal axis, such that each more 3' gene is expressed more rostrally. -
Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. Geoffrey L. Smith
Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. Geoffrey L. Smith Name: Geoffrey L. Smith Born: 23 July 1955 Main areas of research: Microbiology, virology, immunology, vaccinia virus, vaccines Geoffrey L. Smith is a British microbiologist and virologist specialising in the area of poxviruses. His research examines the interaction of poxviruses with the infected host cell and the immune system, concentrating especially on the vaccinia virus that was the vaccine used to eradicate smallpox. His research has enabled new vaccination concepts to be developed and provided important insights into how viruses evade the host innate immune response and cause disease. Academic and Professional Career since 2011 Chair of the Pathology Department, University of Cambridge, UK and Principal Research Fellow, Wellcome Trust 2000 ‐ 2011 Director, Department of Virology, Imperial College London, UK 1989 ‐ 2000 Reader then Professor, University of Oxford, UK 1985 ‐ 1989 Lecturer in Virology, University of Cambridge, UK 1981 ‐ 1984 Postdoctoral Fellow, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA 1981 PhD, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK Functions in Scientific Societies and Committees since 2015 Chair of the scientific council, Friedrich Löffler Institute 2012 ‐ 2016 Member, Biomedical Panel of the University Research Grant Committee, Hong Kong 2011 ‐ 2014 President, International Union of Microbiological Societies 2009 ‐ 2012 Chair, Royal Society Committee for Scientific Aspects of International Security Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina -
Feedback Interactions Between Cell–Cell Adherens Junctions and Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Newt Lung Epithelial Cells□V Clare M
Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 11, 2471–2483, July 2000 Feedback Interactions between Cell–Cell Adherens Junctions and Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Newt Lung Epithelial Cells□V Clare M. Waterman-Storer,*†‡ Wendy C. Salmon,†‡ and E.D. Salmon‡ *Department of Cell Biology and Institute for Childhood and Neglected Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and ‡Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Submitted February 3, 2000; Revised April 20, 2000; Accepted May 11, 2000 Monitoring Editor: Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz To test how cell–cell contacts regulate microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletal dynamics, we examined dynamics in cells that were contacted on all sides with neighboring cells in an epithelial cell sheet that was undergoing migration as a wound-healing response. Dynamics were recorded using time-lapse digital fluorescence microscopy of microinjected, labeled tubulin and actin. In fully contacted cells, most MT plus ends were quiescent; exhibiting only brief excursions of growth and shortening and spending 87.4% of their time in pause. This contrasts MTs in the lamella of migrating cells at the noncontacted leading edge of the sheet in which MTs exhibit dynamic instability. In the contacted rear and side edges of these migrating cells, a majority of MTs were also quiescent, indicating that cell–cell contacts may locally regulate MT dynamics. Using photoactivation of fluorescence techniques to mark MTs, we found that MTs in fully contacted cells did not undergo retrograde flow toward the cell center, such as occurs at the leading edge of motile cells. Time-lapse fluorescent speckle microscopy of fluorescently labeled actin in fully contacted cells revealed that actin did not flow rearward as occurs in the leading edge lamella of migrating cells. -
Reflections on the Historiography of Molecular Biology
Reflections on the Historiography of Molecular Biology HORACE FREELAND JUDSON SURELY the time has come to stop applying the word revolution to the rise of new scientific research programmes. Our century has seen many upheavals in scientific ideas--so many and so varied that the notion of scientific revolution has been stretched out of shape and can no longer be made to cover the processes of change characteristic of most sciences these past hundred years. By general consent, two great research pro- grammes arising in this century stand om from the others. The first, of course, was the one in physics that began at the turn of the century with quantum theory and relativity and ran through the working out, by about 1930, of quantum mechanics in its relativistic form. The trans- formation in physics appears to be thoroughly documented. Memoirs and biographies of the physicists have been written. Interviewswith survivors have been recorded and transcribed. The history has been told at every level of detail and difficulty. The second great programme is the one in biology that had its origins in the mid-1930s and that by 1970 had reached, if not a conclusion, a kind of cadence--a pause to regroup. This is the transformation that created molecular biology and latter-day biochemistry. The writing of its history has only recently started and is beset with problems. Accounting for the rise of molecular biology began with brief, partial, fugitive essays by participants. Biographies have been written of two, of the less understood figures in the science, who died even as the field was ripening, Oswald Avery and Rosalind Franklin; other scientists have wri:tten their memoirs. -
Front Matter (PDF)
<!< VOLUME 38 •NO. 4 CNREA8 •PP 877-1 179 April 1978 Nowyoucanhaveit bothways!i Thesensitivityyouneed todetectminorcomponents (o.oo50Dfullscale) PharmaciaDualPathMonitorUV-2 has a unique flow cell with two optical path-lengths for new versatility in UV-monitoring. Monitor absorbance quantitatively up to The Dual Path Monitor UV-2 has all the 20 OD units full scale with a sensitivity other features you expect of a high per of 0.005 OD units full scale at the same formance monitor: stability, cold room time, in the same run. operation convenience and compact de sign. For less-demanding applications you Monitor at 254 nm and/or 280 nm with can choose the Pharmacia Single Path two completely independent measuring Monitor UV-1 with a choice of 3 mm or systems. 10 mm flow cell and operation at 254 nm or 280 nm. Find out more about the practical advantages of column monitoring with the UV-2 and UV-1 Monitors. Ask about the Pharmacia Recorders too. Pharmacia Fine Chemicals Division of Pharmacia, Inc. Pharmacia Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 Phone (201)469-1222 Fine Chemicals COVER LEGEND. trate his attention on the study of living cells in vitro. His collaboration with Honor Fell resulted in the first key articles that initiated the concept and methods of organ culture (3). Honor B. Fell was born in 1900 and received her doctorate from the University of Edinburgh in 1924. She joined Strangeways the same year. Upon Strangeways' death the Research Hospital almost foundered, but after a difficult period it was rees tablished as the Strangeways Research Laboratory, with Dr. -
Flow and Enzyme Biology
2010 ANNUAL MEETING THEMATIC MEETING SERIES BEGINS! July 2009 Stopped- Flow and Enzyme Biology American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology contents JULY 2009 On the Cover: Britton Chance has provided innumerable contributions society news to the fields of biochemistry, 3 President’s Message biophysics, and biomedicine, including his design of 6 Washington Update the first stopped-flow 8 NIH News apparatuses (pictured). 32 special interest 18 The Department of Biological Chemistry at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine: 100 years at 100 Years of Excellence the Johns Hopkins 21 Honoring the Biochemist’s Biochemist: School of NIH Hosts the Stadtman Symposium Medicine. 18 2010 asbmb meeting 12 Lipids, Physiology, and Disease 14 Dealing with Insults: Genome Stability in the Face of Stress 16 Insights into the Biological Chemistry of RNA science focus 32 Britton Chance: Former Polymerase II: Olympian and Pioneer in Now Twice as Enzyme Kinetics and Faithful. Functional Spectroscopy 30 departments 2 Letters to the Editor 7 News from the Hill 10 Member Spotlight 22 Lipid News 23 Education and Training 26 Minority Affairs 28 Career Insights 30 BioBits podcast summary Listen to the latest JBC podcast featuring resources interviews with authors from the Thematic Scientific Meeting Calendar Minireview Series, “The biochemical basis for triplet repeat neurodegenerative diseases.” online only To hear this and other podcasts, go to www.asbmb.org/Interactive.aspx. July 2009 ASBMB Today 1 letters to the editor A monthly publication of The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology History Repeats Itself Officers Gregory A. Petsko President Heidi E. Hamm Past President in Big Pharma Mark A. -
Identification of Endogenous Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Interaction Partners 1 and Β-Catenin-Independent Targets by Proteomics
Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on June 3, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-1154 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. 1 Identification of endogenous Adenomatous polyposis coli interaction partners 2 and E-catenin-independent targets by proteomics 3 4 Olesja Popow1,2, João A. Paulo2, Michael H. Tatham3, Melanie S. Volk5, Alejandro 5 Rojas-Fernandez4, Nicolas Loyer5, Ian P. Newton5, Jens Januschke5, Kevin M. 6 Haigis1,6, Inke Näthke5* 7 8 1Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess 9 Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, United States 10 2Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States 11 3Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of 12 Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland UK 13 4Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe) and Institute of 14 Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile 15 5Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, 16 Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland UK 17 6Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United 18 States 19 20 Running title: The APC interactome and its E-catenin-independent targets. 21 22 Keywords: Adenomatous polyposis coli, destruction complex, colorectal cancer, 23 proteomics, Misshapen-like kinase 1. 1 Downloaded from mcr.aacrjournals.org on October 3, 2021. © 2019 American Association for Cancer Research. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on June 3, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-1154 Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. -
Gazette 2018 7
GazetteWadham College 2018 2018 Gazette 2018 7 Contents Fellows' List 4 Features The Editor 8 The Warden 9 Wadham in 1618 67 The Domestic Bursar 12 Betjeman and Bowra 70 Staff List 14 The Remarkable Mrs Wadham (Senior) 73 The Finance Bursar 18 The 2nd Year 76 The Development Director 20 Book Reviews 78 The Senior Tutor 24 The Tutor for Access 26 College Record The Chapel and Choir 28 In Memoriam 86 The Sarah Lawrence Programme 30 Obituaries 88 The Library 32 Fellows' news 106 Emeritus Fellows' news 110 Clubs, Societies New Fellows 110 and Activities Visiting Fellows 113 1610 Society 36 Alumni news 115 Wadham Alumni Society 38 Degrees 118 Law Society 42 Donations 120 Medical Society 43 The Academic Record Wadham Alumni Golf Society 44 The Student Union 45 Graduate completions 140 MCR 46 Final Honour School results 143 Lennard Bequest Reading Party 48 First Public Examination results 145 Sports Prizes 147 Cricket 50 Scholarships and Exhibitions 149 Football 52 New Undergraduates 152 Rowing 54 New Graduates 156 Rugby 57 2019 Events 160 Netball 58 Squash 60 Tennis 60 Hockey 61 Water polo 62 Power lifting 62 www.wadham.ox.ac.uk Fellows’ list 5 Darren J. Dixon Thomas W. Simpson Samuel J. Williams Fellows’ list Professor of Organic Senior Research Fellow in Wadham College Law Chemistry, Knowles–Williams Philosophy and Public Policy Society Fellow by Special Fellow and Tutor in Organic and Senior Treasurer of Election Philip Candelas, FRS Martin G. Bureau Chemistry Amalgamated Clubs WARDEN Judy Z. Stephenson Rouse Ball Professor of Professor of Astrophysics Nathalie Seddon Susan M.