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Historical Background Italy, Due to the Threat There from Throw the Entire Balance Over in the Following the Defeat of Hasdrubal Barca Hannibal

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• The numerical superiority they enjoyed with their new mercenaries; • The superior quality of their legions, probably the finest in the Roman army; and, • Overconfidence bred from seven years of campaigning without a serious defeat. Had the Scipios actually faced only 35,000 Carthaginians with over 50,000 legionnaires and mercenaries as they believed, their chances for success would have been good. But Hasdrubal Barca had two additional detachments: 3,000 Numidian cavalry under Masinissa and 7,500 warriors under Indibilis. And Hasdrubal Barca also were unable to obtain more troops from had a trick up his sleeve that was to Historical Background Italy, due to the threat there from throw the entire balance over in the Following the defeat of Hasdrubal Barca Hannibal. Instead, the Scipios hired on a favor of Carthage. at Dertosa (see issue Nr. 4 of C3i for large body of 20,000 Celt-Iberian Dertosa Battle Module) by the Scipio mercenaries. The Celt-Iberians were a While Hasdrubal Barca observed the brothers in 215 BC, Carthage responded mix of those two peoples, found mainly Romans from his position at Amtorgis, by sending reinforcements. Two armies in the wilds of central Spain. They had a he ordered the forces of Hasdrubal were dispatched, one under Hasdrubal's reputation for ferocity and fighting skill. Gisgo, Masinissa and Indibilis to younger brother Mago, and another Both sides confidently planned to take concentrate at Mago Barca's camp under a political rival of the Barca clan, the offensive in 211 BC. near Castulo. Once these forces were Hasdrubal Gisgo. For the next three united, it appears he intended to move years (214-212 BC), the three Publius and Gnaeus Scipio knew that north against the Romans with his Carthaginian armies battled the two Hasdrubal Barca was encamped north combined forces. Roman armies under Publius and of New Carthage near Amtorgis with Gnaeus. The results were indecisive, about 15,000 men. Mago and Hasdrubal But the Romans struck first. Their entire especially as Carthage had to recall Gisgo, with about 10,000 troops each, force moved up to confront Hasdrubal troops to Africa to suppress a rebellion were some distance away in the Baetis Barca, and then Publius split off with his of the Numidian King Syphax and River valley. The Scipios decided to army to advance into the interior. Rome was unable to spare any rein- split their forces and defeat both Hasdrubal, through heavily outnum- forcements for the Scipios. Both sides Carthaginian bodies simultaneously. bered by Gnaeus' Romans and Celt- had reason to hope for more decisive Publius would take 20,000 men (two- Iberians, held his ground. Hasdrubal results in 211 BC. thirds of the original army) against Barca had been raised on the battlefields Mago Barca and Hasdrubal Gisgo. of Spain and he knew the Celt-Iberians Hasdrubal Barca could count on the Gnaeus would confront Hasdrubal very well. Having some of these return of his troops from Africa, as Barca with a double legion warriors in his own army, he was able Syphax's rebellion had been crushed. In (10,000 men) and the 20,000 Celt- to arrange secret conferences with the addition, the Numidian Prince Iberians. It was a bold plan, even rash. mercenary commanders from Gnaeus' Masinissa was bringing over a large Their motivation appears to have been army. For a large sum of silver, body of light cavalry. And an allied based on three factors: Hasdrubal Barca persuaded the Celt- Iberian Prince, Indibilis, was recruiting Iberians to abandon the Romans and forces from the Suessetani, an Iberian return to their homeland. The Romans, tribe of the interior. The Scipio brothers outnumbered two-to-one by their mercenaries, could do nothing to prevent their departure. With this bribe, Hasdrubal Barca eliminated two fifths of the Roman forces without striking a blow. Meanwhile, Publius Scipio had run into difficulty soon after separating from his brother. Hasdrubal Gisgo and Masinissa had already arrived at Castulo to join Mago Barca. Masinissa and his light cavalry were unleashed to harass the Roman column on the march. As Publius advanced towards Castulo, foragers were ambushed and stragglers were cut off. The Numidians struck without warning, by day and by night. As he neared Castulo, Publius feared that his column would soon be under a complete blockade. Then his scouts brought word that Indibilis with a band of Iberians was across his line of retreat and advancing on his rear. Publius realized that his entire command was in danger of annihilation. Roman flank just as the Iberians were the two Carthaginian armies arrived. about to break. Scipio still had the Leaving his tents standing and his fires The Battle of Castulo advantage in numbers, and was able to burning, Gnaeus led his forces in retreat Publius Scipio decided to take action change front to counter the Numidian after dark. But as his brother had before it was too late. He planned to attack. But his assault against the already discovered, a night's head start steal a night march on Masinissa and to Iberians slackened. Unable to come to was insufficient to outdistance crush Indibilis' detachment before the grips with the elusive Numidians, Numidian cavalry. other Carthaginian armies could react. If Scipio could not force a decision before successful, he could then retreat to join Mago Barca and then Hasdrubal Gisgo Masinissa's horsemen caught up with Gnaeus or engage Mago Barca and arrived with the two main Carthaginian the Romans on the following day. Hasdrubal Gisgo under more favorable armies. Constant attacks that continued into the circumstances. Scipio left some 2,000 night forced Gnaeus to halt on a small men, mostly his wounded, behind to The Romans, now completely sur- hill near llorca. The Romans struggled guard his camp under the legate rounded, fought on. But when Publius vainly to fortify their camp, but found Tiberius Fonteius. The Roman army Scipio was stabbed with a lance and fell the ground too stony and hard for departed in silence at midnight. dying from his horse, the Roman army digging and the hill barren of any Marching all night, the Romans collided broke. Small bands and individuals cut timber. Gnaeus finally had his men with Indibilis' men in the early morning. their way through the cordon of improvise a barricade from saddles and Neither side had time to deploy fully Carthaginian troops, but most were baggage as a new day dawned. into line, and a confused melee ensued. hunted down by the Numidians and Publius, with over twice as many troops light infantry. Only a handful of That morning, Hasdrubal Barca, Mago as Indibilis, began to gain the advan- survivors managed to join Fonteius at Barca and Hasdrubal Gisgo looked tage. However, the Iberians fought the Roman camp after darkness fell. scornfully upon the Roman "wall." surprisingly well. And they held on just Sending in their troops from all sides, long enough for help to arrive. The Battle of llorca the rampart was quickly torn down, and With one Roman general slain and his the legionnaires huddled together for a Masinissa had discovered the absence of army destroyed, Mago Barca and desperate last stand. Nearly the entire the Roman army from their camp Hasdrubal Gisgo paused only long Roman army was slaughtered. Gnaeus during the night. Pressing a vigorous enough to loot the dead. They then force was either killed on the hill with his pursuit, his horsemen crashed into the marched to join Hasdrubal Barca and army or, according to a different trap a second Roman army. Gnaeus version, broke out with a small body of Scipio, who had received no word of his troops and took refuge in a nearby brother's fate, assumed the worst when watch tower. The Carthaginian soldiers, unable to break into the tower, set it afire they arrive in succession. The separate (Proconsuls); i.e., they may attempt LCs and immolated the Roman general. rout levels for the Carthaginian armies/ outside the OC's range, extend the range detachments make it possible to win of the OC, and replace the OC if killed. Aftermath successive victories, but it won't be easy. Although the three Carthaginian The Carthaginian Army generals cooperated throughout this The Carthaginian player is in a more There is not "a" Carthaginian army. campaign, they fell to bickering once reactive role. He must block the Romans Instead, there are two armies and two they had achieved success. With the with the Iberians long enough for his detachments. The Carthaginian army Carthaginian forces paralyzed by cavalry to arrive. Then he must either commanders, Mago Barca and dissension, there was no immediate race to prevent a Roman withdrawal or Hasdrubal Gisgo, represented rival pursuit. Tiberius Fonteius led Publius' arrange his forces for a set piece battle. political factions and did not get along camp guard back to the Roman base Having four separate commands allows very well. To reflect this command north of the Ebro River at Tarraco. He great freedom of maneuver, but carries relationship, each army has its own OC was joined by the remnants of Gnaeus' the danger of separate defeats. Both who may give orders only to his own army under the command of a cavalry- players will have plenty of opportunity units. Each detachment also has an man, Marcius Septimus. By gathering in for offensive and defensive action. Have independent commander who may give garrisons, commissariat troops and naval fun, and watch your flanks! orders only to his own units. In addition, personnel, Fonteius and Marcius built up each army and detachments has its own a force of some 8,000 men.
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