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Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Use Among College Students: Comparing Scenario in Arunachal Pradesh and Kerala

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Prevalence and Patterns of Alcohol Use Among College Students: Comparing Scenario in Arunachal Pradesh and Kerala PREVALENCE AND PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL USE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: COMPARING SCENARIO IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH AND KERALA Dr Tumge Loyi Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Public Health Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala October 2009 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my guide Dr. Biju Soman, Associate Professor, AMCHSS for his supervision, advice and guidance throughout the time of research and writing of this thesis. I thank Dr. K. R. Thanakappan, Professor and Head of AMCHSS and faculty members, Dr. V. Raman Kutty, Dr. T K Sundari Ravindran, Dr. P. S. Sarma Dr. Mala Ramanathan, Dr K. Srinivasan, and Dr.Manju R.Nair of AMCHSS for providing valuable suggestions for the study. I am also sincerely thankful to Mr. Sundar Jayasingh, Deputy Registrar, SCTIMST for his administrative and logistic support. I would also like to extend my heartfelt thanks to the staff and the students of Mahatma Gandhi College, Trivandrum; Mar Ivanios College, Trivandrum; University College, Palayam; KNM College, Kanjiramkulam; St. Xavier‟s College, Thumba; Donyi- Polo Govt. College, Kamki for their kind help and cooperation and in particular I wish to express my gratitude to Shri Madhukumar, Father Mathew Manakarakavil, Smt. Chris George, Shri Sajesh Stephen, Father Sunny Jose and Dr. Motum Nomuk who were the Principals of these colleges. I also wish to thank Shri Godwin SK, Govt. Women‟s college for helping me in conducting the study. Collective and individual acknowledgements are also owed to my colleagues, all MPH/DPH 2008 students, PhD scholars, Project staff for their help and support. Many thanks go in particular to Dr. Indrani and Dr.Madhu for their help and constant encouragement. I cannot end without thanking my family, in particular Maen, on whose constant support and love I have relied throughout the duration of the study. 2 Certificate This is to certify that the work embodied in this dissertation entitled “Prevalence and patterns of alcohol use among college students: Comparing scenario in Arunachal Pradesh and Kerala” is a bona fide record of original research work undertaken by Dr Tumge Loyi, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of „Master of Public Health‟ under my guidance and supervision. Guide Dr. Biju Soman MBBS, MD, MPH Associate Professor Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram October 2009 3 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work embodied in this dissertation entitled “Prevalence and patterns of alcohol use among college students: Comparing scenario in Arunachal Pradesh and Kerala” is the result of original research and has not been submitted for award of any degree/diploma in any other university or institution. Dr. Tumge Loyi Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram October 2009 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 CHAPTERS CHAPTER 1:REVIEW OF LITERATURE 1.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………….…………...…………….………….... 9 1.2 History……………………………………………………………………………….…………...…………….…………....... 10 1.3 Current scenario…………………………………………………………………….………………………….…………… 10 1.4 Current patterns and trends of alcohol use in India……………………………….……………………….. 13 1.4.1 Drinking trend among youth…………………………………………………….…………….…………....... 14 1.4.2 Drinking trends among women……………………………………………………………….…………...... 15 1.5 Impact of alcohol on health………………………………………………………….…………..…………….……… 15 1.6 Positive effects of alcohol………………………………………………………….…………….…………….………. 17 1.7 Social impact of alcohol…………………………………………………………….………………………….………… 17 1.7.1 Alcohol consumption and the workplace……………………………………….…………….…………. 18 1.7.2 Alcohol consumption and the family………………………………………..….…………….…………… 18 1.7.3 Alcohol and poverty…………………………………………………………....…………….…………............ 19 1.7.4 Alcohol and domestic violence……………………………………………………………….………….......... 19 1.8 Economic impact of alcohol……………………………………………………….……………..…………….……. 19 1.9 Rationale for the study………………………………………………………….….…………………………………… 20 1.10 Objectives of the study………………………………………………………..….………………………………….. 21 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 2.1Study type………………………………………………………………………..….…………………………………………. 22 2.2 Study setting…………………………………………………………………….……………….…………………………… 22 2.3 Study population…………………………………………………………………….…………...………………………… 22 2.4 Time frame…………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………… 22 2.5 Sample size…………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………. 23 2.6 Sample selection procedure………………………………………………………….…………...………………….. 24 2.7 Data collection………………………………………………………….……………………….…………………………… 25 2.8 Data analysis………………………………………………………….………………………….……………………………. 26 2.9 Study variables………………………………………………………….………………………..………………………….. 27 2.9.1 Dependent variables……………………………………………………….…..………………………………….. 27 2.9.2 Independent variables……………………………………………………….……………………………………. 28 2.10 Ethical considerations………………………………………………………….……………………………………….. 31 2.11 Definitions………………………………………………………….………….……………….……………………………. 32 2.12 Spectrum of alcohol use………………………………………………………….…………….……………………… 33 CHAPTER 3:RESULTS 3.1 Sex………………………………………………………….………….………….……………...……………………………… 36 3.2 Religion………………………………………………………….………….………………………………………………….. 36 3.3 Monthly pocket money allowance of the respondents………………….……………………………….. 37 3.4 Residence………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 38 3.5 Type of family………………………………………………………….……………………......………………………….. 38 3.6 Alcohol use………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………. 38 3.7 Place where the first drink of alcohol was taken…………………………………………………………….. 38 3.8 Reason for trying alcohol for the first time……………………………………………………………………… 39 3.9 Type of alcohol that was first tried…………………………………………………………………………………. 39 3.10 With whom the first alcoholic drink was taken…………………………………………………………….. 39 3.11 The place where alcohol was obtained for the first time……………………………………………… 39 3.12 Usual place of drinking alcohol…………………………………………………………............................. 40 5 3.13 Usual type of alcohol taken…………………………………………………………………………………………. 40 3.14 Frequency of getting drunk in the past 30 days…………………………………………………………... 40 3.15 Any trouble caused by drinking in the last 30 days………………………………………………………. 41 3.16 Monthly expenditure on alcohol………………………………………………………………………………….. 41 3.17 Managing money for alcohol……………………………………………………………………………………….. 41 3.18 Alcohol use among parents………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42 3.19 Alcohol use among siblings…………………………………………………………………........................... 42 3.20 Discussion in the family about harmful effect of alcohol……………………………………………… 43 3.21 Discussion in the institute about harmful effect of alcohol………………………………………….. 43 3.22 Perceived reasons for drinking by others……………………………………………………….……………. 43 3.23 Perceived risk if alcohol was consumed once or twice in a year…………………………………… 44 3.24 Perceived risk if alcohol was consumed several times in a week…………………………………… 44 3.25 Type of alcohol that is safest………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 3.26 Perceived health benefit of alcohol consumption…………………………………………………………. 44 3.27 Prevalence of drinking problem………………………………………………………………....................... 45 3.28 Prevalence of smoking………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 45 3.29 Prevalence of use of non-smoke tobacco……………………………………………………………………… 45 3.30 Bivariate Analysis Results……………………………………………………………………....…………………….. 45 3.30.1 Combined analysis for association with alcohol use……………………..………………..……… 46 3.30.2 Separate analysis for association with alcohol use………………………….……………………… 47 3.30.3 Combined analysis for association with problem drinking (CAGE) …….………………….. 49 3.31 Separate analysis for association with problem drinking (CAGE) ………………………………….. 50 3.32 Binary logistic regressions with ever alcohol……………………….………………………….……………. 52 CHAPTER : DISCUSSION 4.1 Prevalence and patterns…………………………………………………………………………..……………………. 54 4.2 Socio demographic characteristics………………………………………………………………………………… 58 4.3 Strengths of the study……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 59 4.4 Limitations of the study………………………………………………………………………….………………………. 59 4.5 Conclusion…………………………………………………….………………………………….……………..…………….. 60 4.6 Recommendations…………………………………………………….………………………….……………………….. 61 REFERENCES 62 ANNEXURES ANNEXURE 1………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 67 ANNEXURE 2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 74 ANNEXURE 3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 75 TABLES 1.1 Annual per capita consumption of alcohol per adult 15 years of age and over……………….. 11 3.1 Sex distribution…………………………………………………….…………………………….………………………….. 36 3.2 Monthly pocket money allowance……………………………………………………………….………………… 37 3.3 Residence…………………………………………………….…………………………………..……………..…………….. 37 3.4 Alcohol use…………………………………………………….………………………………………………..…………….. 38 3.5 Frequency of getting drunk in the past 30 days……………………….……………………………………… 40 3.6 Any trouble caused by drinking in the last 30 days……………………………………………..………….. 41 3.7 Monthly expenditure on alcohol…………………………………………………………………………………….. 41 3.8 Alcohol use among parents……………………………………………………………………………………..……… 42 3.9 Alcohol use among siblings……………………………………………………………………...…………………….. 42 6 3.10 Discussion in the family about harmful effect of alcohol………………………………………………
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