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XXXV, 65. I J. Pp ( I923) 79· I2 Notes (The suffix x to a note indicator in the text signifies that the note contains extra information, as opposed to simple references and cross-references. Place of publication is London except where otherwise indicated.) CHAPTER I (INTRODUCTION) 1. GLD p. xxii. 2. Letter to Forrest Reid, I9I5: M p. viii. 3· AH (I936) 59-63. ¥· See AN i, 4, discussing the provincialism of certain English novels. 5· See below, p. 305, note 56x. 6. BBC Interview with Monica Campbell, I959, quoted byJ. S. Martin, E. M. Forster: The Endless Journey (Cambridge, I976) p. I70· 7· Furbank I, I9. 8. Ibid., 37· 9· See below, p. 2I6. rox. Furbank II, 3I6-7. For examples of his restricted means and lavish giving in earlier years see Furbank, 'The Personality of E. M. Forster', Encounter ( I970) XXXV, 65. I J. pp ( I923) 79· I2. P. N. Furbank, 'The Personality of E. M. Forster', loc. cit., 67. I3· Essays I, 348-9, quoted more fully below, p. 265. I4· Letter to Lady Cynthia Asquith, Jan I9I5, Collected Letters, ed. H. T. Moore ( I962) I, 309. I 5· Furbank II, 3o8. I6. LJ (WC) xvii, I83. I 7x. Furbank I, 55 and 58-9. Furbank's more general account of Cambridge at this time brings out well how some of the most advanced attitudes in England, as instanced by Bertrand Russell, Lytton Strachey and others, were to be found there, against the background of a university which was generally more conservative in its attitudes than the country as a whole. I8. 'G. L. Dickinson: A Tribute', Spectator ( I3 August I932) reprinted GLD 208 (and cf. pp. 84, 203). I9· 'Epilogue', GLD 201. 20. GLD xi (2), I I6. 21. Listener (ro September I953) p. 420 (CfG. L. Dickinson, Appearances (I914) P· 32. 22. P. N. Furbank, 'The Personality of E. M. Forster', loc. cit., 66. 23. See, e.g., Furbank II, r66-9 and 257. 167 284 .Notes to Pages 8-25 24. PI xxiii, 200. 25. Furbank II, 297. 26. See, e.g. the essays 'Anonymity: An Enquiry' (1925) and 'The Raison D'Etre of Criticism in the Arts' (1947) in TCD (77-86, 105-16). 27. Furbank 11, 175. 28. See G. K. Das, E. M. Forster's India (1977) Appendix B, pp. 117--g. 29. Furbank II, 26o. 30. See below, p. 6g, etc. 31. Letter to The Guardian, 29 Dec. 1962. 32x. See especially his 1921 review of G. L. Dickinson's The Magic Flute (reprinted GLD 218-20) in which he sets Dickinson's treatment of the theme against Bunyan's and points out that when Tamino reaches the Castle ofSarastro, 'he finds that it is not a haven of attainment, but a record of those who have attained, and that when his name has been entered he must go back to the world.' CHAPTER 3 1. E. M. Forster, 'Cnidus', AH (1936) 175, 176. 2x. Quoted, Furbank 1, 110. I am greatly indebted to Mr Furbank for suggesting that the Hermes I had been seeking was part of the British Museum group: Death, Alcestis, Hermes. The group is reproduced on the dust-jacket to his second volume. 3· Furbank 1, 218. 4· Mythology and Humanism: The Correspondence of Thomas Mann and Karl Kerinyi, translated by A. Gelley (Ithaca, 1975) pp. 9 and 101. 5· Karl Kerenyi, 'The Primordial Child in Primordial Times', in Kerenyi and C. G. Jung, Essays on a Science of Mythology (New York, 1949) p. 73· 6. Kerenyi in Paul Radin, The Trickster: A Study in American Indian Mythology (New York, 1956) pp. 185 and 189. See also W. Otto, The Homeric Gods (Boston, 1964) p. 117, and N. 0. Browu, Hermes the Thiej(Wisconsin, 1947). 7· Patricia Merivale, Pan The Goat-God: His Myth in Modern Times (Harvard, 196g) passim, especially pp. 18o--gi. 8. Letter of Thomas Mann to Kerenyi ( 1945), Gelley, p. 126. 9· See Otto, p. 105. The phrase is used in Aristophanes, Peace, 1. 394· 10. E. M. Forster, Introduction to Collected Tales (New York, 1947). A slightly different version was used as the headnote of The Eternal Moment ( 1928). II. pp ( 1926) 98. 12. Kerenyi in Radin, p. 1go. 13. Henry James, 'The Great Good Place', The Complete Tales ofHenry James, ed. Leon Edel (Philadelphia, 1962-4), Vol. XI, p. 25; originally published in Scribner's Magazine, January 1900, and reprinted in The Soft Side (1900). 14. Permission to quote from the unpublished manuscript granted by the Provost and Scholars of King's College, Cambridge. 15. See T. B. Huber, The Making of a Shropshire Lad: A Manuscript Variorum (Seattle, 1g66) p. 208. 16. Letter to John Middleton Murry, 4 January 1923. This letter is at The Humanities Research Center at The University of Texas at Austin. Notes to Pages 26--g 17. Furbank 1, 195-6. CHAPTER 4 u. The real Colonus does not figure in the story. It is in a suburb ofAthens, just over a mile and a halffrom Omonia Square. Now surrounded by a working­ class district, it is a raised area of flat rock with a small park adjoining. But Baedeker in his indispensable guide is able to say: 'The view of Athens from the Kolonos is wonderfully beautiful.' See Karl Baedeker, Greece: Handbook for Travellers (Leipzig, 1894). All citations are to this edition, the one Forster himself would have used. And all spellings of place-names are based on this edition except those established in the story. 'The Road from Colonus' is included in Collected Short Stories of E. M. Forster (1948). 2x. (a) Platanos near Olympia is mentioned by Baedeker as on the bridle path from Olympia to Patras via Santameri, route number 46. To judge by Baedeker's detailed map Platanos is just over two miles from Olympia. That distance today has shrunk to one and a half miles. Whether the plane trees have also shrunk with the passage of time, I cannot say. I only know that in this dusty sprawling rural village I could find no sign of them. But the most pressing objection to this location is its closeness to Olympia, which is incompatible not only with the party's view ofPlataniste an hour later but with Ethel's concern that they reach Olympia by nightfall. (b) Platanos near Patras is mentioned by Baedeker in his account of route number 4 7between Olyrnpia and Patras. The journey from Platanos, which is south and a bit east of Patras, to Olympia would take nearly two days. Objections to this location are: Olympia could not be reached by nightfall, and the travellers would be moving away from Patras, their next objective after Olympia. (This route is omitted from the srd ed. of Baedeker, •gos; all other routes referred to here are included and conditions and times of travel are the same or very little changed. In other words, Forster in 1903 would have found the 1894 Baedeker still generally accurate and relevant.) (c) Platania near the river Neda. North ofKyparissia on the modern coastal road a major highway cuts east and north-east to Tripolis. About a mile along this road one turns north-east at Ano Kopanakion and after passing by or through three villages or hamlets, the first ofwhich is Sidirokastro, and over thirteen miles of rugged winding road, one arrives at Platania. Hugging a steep hillside, overlooking a mountain valley, the hamlet is centred in a tiny square just beyond which the road ends. In the square are three plane trees, one of them large. Water flows from a pipe in the wall backing the square and a stream runs from below the road, which is built up against the steep incline of the mountain. The hamlet is on the east side of a small tributary of the river Neda. The tributary, running north for two miles, joins the river which flows west to the sea. The gorge of the river is so precipitous and wild that for many miles no official road crosses it. Platania is not on Baedeker's map but it is on or very near the last leg ofhis route 49 from Kalamata to Phigalia via Pylos. This route, after reaching the coast, goes north just past the mouth of the Kyparissia strearn, then north- 286 Notes to Page 29 east through Sidirokastro and thence on to the Neda where a steep path leads to the bed of the river and crosses in the neighbourhood ofPhigalia. On the south side of the Neda this path must have been very close to Platania, which is four miles from Phigalia as the crow flies. That Forster's party of travellers should have come this way is not improbable. From Sparta they could go west to Kalamata through the Langada Gorge (Baedeker's route 37), one of the most spectacular sights in all Greece, then to the west coast and up, cutting inland toward Phigalia and thence to Olympia. Platania as the site of the story has the advantage of being in fact in the Province of Messenia, ofbeing exceedingly small, and ofhaving the requisite plane trees and water. Objections are the following: situated as it is on a mountainous decline near the river Neda to which the party must very soon descend, it is improbable that 'the place they had left an hour before suddenly reappeared far below them'; and it is two days' journey from Olympia. (d) Plataniston near Megalopolis is described in Baedeker's route 44 from Megalopolis to Olympia via Phigalia. In not more than one and a half hours after leaving Megalopolis in a westerly direction and after crossing the river Alpheios, one 'approaches the right bank of the little stream of Gastrit<.i, called Plataniston in classic times, in reference to the abundant plane-trees which then as now grew near it.' This site, not identified on Baedeker's map, has the advantage of being less a place than a locale, which fits the setting of the story; and the name of the stream is closer in form to that used by Forster.
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