Notes

NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION

I. These are Renate Poggioli's terms in TJu Theory ofthe Avant-Garde. ch.2. Poggioli's entire account illuminates how Bloomsbury was and was not avant-garde, 2. Bloomsbury writers were closely associated at times with the Nation and the NewStatesman , but the political and even parts of the literary halves of these periodicals were edited and written by journalists largely unassociated with the Group. Desmond MacCarthy edited two periodicals that might be considered small magazines, and, though both had Bloomsbury con­ tributors, neither the Neu. QuarterlY nor lift and Letters could be called a Bloomsbury magazine. 3. Desmond MacCarthy can serve as an illustration of what is involved in determining the membership of Bloomsbury. Recently MacCarthy's son­ in-law David Cecil has denied his connection with Bloomsbury: 'As he himself said, "Bloomsbury has never been a spiritual home to me" (Cecil, 'Introduction', p. 15). Cecil omits the other half of the sentence from MacCarthy's Bloomsbury memoir, which is 'but let me add that I have not got one, although at Cambridge for a few years I fancied that I had'. MacCarthy goes on to call Bloomsbury a home away from home and note how he converged on the Group through the Apostles, Clive Bell and the Stephen sisters (SPR/BG, p. 28). To these connections could be added his association with Roger Fry, which led to his writing the introduction for the catalogue of the first post-impressionist exhibition. Like Strachey, MacCarthy was more closely involved in Old than New Bloomsbury, but in both he edited periodicals that depended on his Bloomsbury friends for contributions. One of Mary MacCarthy's purposes in founding the Memoir Club was, as with its precursor the Novel Club, to encourage her husband to write. That MacCarthy moved in other circles as well as Bloomsbury is not, of course, a sufficient reason for excluding him from the Group, because all the members had friends outside Bloomsbury. In his associations, his values and , most importantly, his writings, Desmond MacCarthy displays as many affinities with Bloomsbury as anyone in the Group, which is why Leonard Woolf, Raymond Mortimer and Quentin Bell, among others, include him in Bloomsbury.

NOTES TO CHAPTER I: INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUNDS

I. The connection between Virginia Woolfand Caroline Emelia Stephen has been overdeveloped by Jane Marcus, who thinks that 'we need search no 279 280 Notes

further for the origins of Virginia Woolf's pacifism and mysticism' than her aunt's books (p. 27). The evidence is mostly indirect (though there are unmistakable indications of a dislike of her aunt's personality and writings in Virginia Woolf's early letters), and there are other, more obvious sources in Virginia Woolf's quite different mystical experiences, in her study of Plato, in the pacifism of the women's movement, in the anti-militarism of her father and in the Quaker heritage of Roger Fry, who influenced her so profoundly. 2. The interesting connections between Moore, Russell and phenomenolog­ ists, especially Franz Brentano with his influential concept of intentional­ ity, have been set forth in Roderick Chisholm's Realism andtlu Background of Plunomenology . 3. Raymond Williams has described Bloomsbury's liberalism as a bourgeois ideology of pluralistic civilised individualism and noted some of the ironies of its current influence:

Indeed the paradox of many retrospective judgements ofBloomsbury is that the group lived and worked this position with a now embarrassing whole-heartedness: embarrassing, that is to say, to those many for whom 'civilised individualism' is a mere flag to fly over a capitalist, imperialist and militarist social order; embarrassing, also, to those many others for whom 'civilised individualism' is a summary phrase for a process of privileged consumption. (p.63)

4. The essay, reprinted in The Captain's Death Bed and Collected Essays, reads 'in or about December, 1910', but the original Hogarth Essay text says 'on or about December, 1910'. 5. Pater was one of the few influential Victorian prose authors about whom Virginia Woolfdid not write. In TheAbsent FatlJer: Virginia Woolfand Walter Pater, Perry Meisel finds her silence an indication ofPater's importance for her. Some ofthe connections Meisel finds significant can also be located in the work of Virginia Woolf's present father, which Meisel does not examine; other similarities are to be found in the influence of such writers as HenryJames and G. E. Moore, which Meisel also ignores while finding additional evidence for Pater's influence in the deep differences between his work and Virginia Woolf's.

NOTES TO CHAPTER 2: LESLIE STEPHEN

I. See Lowell's 'Verses Intended to Go with a Posset Dish to My Dear Little God-Daughter, 1882', as printed in Maitland (pp. 318-19), with its description ofthe gifts he wishes her - her father's wit, her mother's beauty - and the faintly ominous prophetic warning,

I simply wish the child to be A sample of Heredity Enjoying to the full extent Life's best, the Unearned Increment, ... Notes 281

Thus, then, the cup is duly filled; Walk steady, dear, lest all be spilled.

2. The typescript (Add . MS 61973 in the British Library) is a revised version ofpp. 107-37 of 'A Sketch of the Past' in the first edition of Moments ofBeing (1976) and includes an additional twenty-seven-page section on Leslie Stephen and Hyde Park Gate. The typescript has been incorporated into the second edition of MomtTIts ofBeing (1985), which is the text cited here. 3. Hardy thought Stephen's philosophy influenced him more than that of any other contemporary (F. Hardy, p. 1(0) . 4. In The English Utilitarians Stephen wrote of Mill's The Su.hjectitm ofWomen,

None of his writing is more emphatically marked by generosity and love of justice. A certain shrillness of tone marks the recluse too little able to appreciate the animal nature of mankind. Yet in any case, he made a most effective protest against the prejudices which stunted the develop­ ment and limited careers of women. (111281)

5. See Noel Annan's The CU.riOIlS StrtTIgth ofPositivism in English Political Thought and his Introduction to Stephen's Selected Writings in British Intellectual History; Leonard Woolf is not discussed specifically in these , but Annan's criticisms clearly apply to his work. 6. Two unreprinted essays in the Cornhill give Stephen's views on literature and morality quite clearly: 'Art and Morality' was written shortly after the publication of Pater's Ttu Renaissance ; 'T he Moral Element in Literature' is a defence of the ideas in 'Wordsworth's Ethics' that Arnold had criticised. 7. Stephen's letters to his wife, now in the Berg Collection, reveal him to be unhappy with omissions he felt forced to make, and, in his DNB account of his grandfather James Stephen, he concealed the parentage of an illegiti­ mate son.

NOTES TO CHAPTER 3: SOME VICTORIAN VISIONS

I. One reason why Forster seems not to have forgotten the details of Rooks­ nest is that he kept an account of it written when he was fifteen, just after leaving the house, and then continued more than a half century later. See the Appendix to Howards End. 2. When A NinetttTIth-CtTltury Childhood was reissued in 1948 (with an intro­ duction by John Betjeman describing it as 'a work of genius'), Mary MacCarthy changed some of the fictitious titles and place names to their originals but kept the family name of Kestrell. 3. According to Keynes's mother, Florence Ada Keynes. Mark Rutherford portrayed John Brown in TheRevolutitm in Tanner's Lane (F. A. Keynes, pp. 21-2). 4. In 1899 Virginia Woolftumed a copy ofIsaac Watts's famous Logick into a palimpsest by pasting the pages of a fragmentary holiday diary into it, anticipating in a symbolic manner, perhaps, the way in which G. E. Moore's epistemology would underlie her later fiction. This Warboys diary 282 Notes

contains various kinds of writing, such as Ruskinian nature sketches (QB/VW, I 65-6) and another early satire, 'A Terrible Tragedy in a Duck Pond', which makes fun of the Duckworths' name by imagining its origin in the saving ofa duck for a king (pNY). 5. Virginia Woolf's obituary is reprinted in Winifred Gerin's Anne Thackeray Ritcmt, a good biography for the Victorian backgrounds of Virginia Woolf. 6. Spilka notes the connection between this passage and Virginia Woolf's suicide (p. 124). 7. Leslie Stephen's side of the correspondence is now in the Berg, and Julia Stephen's manuscripts are in the library of Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. 8. See Virginia Woolf's 'Nurse Lugton's Curtain' and 'The Widow and the Parrot' (CSF). One of Julia Stephen's stories has some faint connections with To th« lighthouse. In 'Emlycaunt', the name of a fairyland haven for animals imagined by Vanessa and Thoby when they were very young (according to a note on the manuscript), the boy who visits this land on a rocking horse has a sister named Lily; just before the visit he receives a toy sailing boat for his birthday, but is told that because of the fog it cannot be sailed on the Round Pond that day. An example of the pervasive social milieu of these stories, together with what must have been an allusion to Virginia, occurs in the beginning of a story about a monkey on a moor. A young child named 'Ginia' buries her shoes and stockings in the sand, and is likened to a bare-legged little beggar girl when she has to be carried home. 9. In 'A Sketch of the Past' Virginia Woolfalso says he never went to Italy or stayed in Paris (MB, p. 115), but ]. W. Bicknell, in an essay entitled 'Mr Ramsay was Young Once', notes that Stephen did in fact go to Italy on his honeymoon and also visited Paris as well as Germany. 10. In his life of Fitzjames Stephen, Leslie writes that their father 'could not bear to have a looking glass in his room lest he should be reminded of his own appearance. "I hate mirrors vitrical and human", he says when wondering how he might appear to others' (p.51). 11. Virginia Woolf changed 'Common Rtader articles' to 'Literary Supplmztnt articles' in the revised version of her typescript, suggesting perhaps that she was able to remedy these manners in turning her TLS articles into Common Rtader essays. 12. As she was finishing Roger Fry Virginia Woolf sought the opinions of Lydia and Maynard Keynes about the matter: 'About Roger. "Can I mention erection?" I asked. Lydia "What?" M [Maynard]. "Stiff" (their private word). No you cant. I should mind your saying it. Such revelations have to be in key with their time. The time not come yet' (D, v 256).

NOTES TO CHAFfER 4: HISTORY AND CLASSICS AT KING'S AND TRINITY

I. For an informative interpretation of Victorian Cambridge history, see Sheldon Rothblatt's The RnJolution ofthe Dons. 2. The couplet as quoted is attributed by Wingfield-Stratford to Stephen Notes 283

(p. 158), but L. P. Wilkinson, quoting a somewhat different version, says the author was G. A. Falk (Kingsmen, p. 35). 3. Sheppard's paper is quoted and discussed by Furbank, who believes it can be applied to Rickie and Ansell in The Longest Journey (EMF, I 104-7). 4. In the context of Bloomsbury, Maitland has been described as 'the father of the pluralist tradition in English political thought', whose awareness of the roles ofsocial groups may have made Bloomsbury more acceptable (Crab­ tree, pp. 19-20).

NOTE TO CHAPTER 5: ENGLISH LITERARY LECTURES, READING AND ESSAYS

1. Leonard Woolfs outline is with his papers at the University of Sussex; copies of his list of mystics are in Lytton Strachey's papers at the Univer­ sity of Texas and Sydney-Turner's papers at the Huntington Library.

NOTES TO CHAPTER 6: MODERN READING

I. Stephen also appears to have been something of a misogynist. The first motion he proposed as founder of the Walpole debating-society at King's in 1891 was 'That the Female Sex stands in need of repression', and it was carried, with Oscar Browning and Lowes Dickinson in the minority (Wilkinson, Century, p. lSI). This sentiment may also have been an aspect of anti-Victorianism, however. 2. Leslie Stephen knew Hardy's Wessex Poems (1898), but there is no evidence his children read it until later. 3. Clive Bell at Trinity once took to adjectivising Thoby Stephen's nickname as 'Gothic' until Thoby started to call him 'Belloc' (CB/pTC).

NOTES TO CHAPTER 7: PHILOSOPHY AND THE CAMBRIDGE APOSTLES

I. I have capitalised the words 'Idealism', 'Realism' and 'Materialism' when they refer to particular philosophies; uncapitalised, they are used in their more ordinary senses. I have also capitalised 'Ideal' when it refers to the Ideal in Principia Ethica, in order to distinguish it more clearly from other senses of the word. 2. Leslie Stephen's highly critical DNB life of Maurice approvingly records that he was described as a 'muddy mystic' by some people. Stephen also notes Maurice's affinities with Coleridge and the Cambridge Platonists. The Bentham-Coleridge Victorian dichotomy seems to have been man­ ifested to some extent in the Apostles, and vestiges ofit might be seen in the Society's later Trinity-King's divisions. 3. Keynes apparently knew nothing of Sidgwick's friendship with John Addington Symonds or of Symonds's relationship with Sidgwick's brother (d. Grosskurth). 284 Notes

4. Whitehead's recollections ofthe Society, as well as those of Dickinson that follow, are described in a letter Strachey wrote to Leonard Woolfin Ceylon after an extraordinary meeting of the Society on 18 March 1905 (21.iii.05, pT). (Neither letter nor meeting have been mentioned in published biog­ raphies, memoirs or histories of the Apostles.) At this meeting J. T. Sheppard read a paper entitled 'Shall We Broaden Our Base?', in which he defended the Society's failure to elect more members. In the ensuing discussion, according to Strachey's letter, Keynes, Russell, Whitehead, Strachey himself, MacCarthy and Dickinson all spoke about the history and purposes of the Society in their time. 5. Trevelyan was not even an active Apostle at the same time as Strachey and Keynes, though his concern for politics continued to be reflected in Apostolic papers such as Leonard Woolfs on the two Georges, Trevelyan and Moore (see Ch. 11). A list of the Apostles from 1822 to 1914 with the dates that most of them joined and resigned from the Society is given in Levy (pp. 300-11).

NOTES TO CHAPTER 8: DICKINSON AND MeTAGGART

1. When D. H. Lawrence came to Cambridge during the war as Bertrand Russell's guest to talk about solutions to the war, he particularly wanted to meet Dickinson, though later he described him along with Cambridge as England's disease, not its hope (Letters, III 49). It is likely that Lawrence read some ofDickinson's early work, such as The Greek View ofLife, where at one point he describes how Aristophanes accused Euripides of 'lowering the tragic art by introducing - what? Women in love! The central theme of modem tragedy!' Dickinson goes on to quote in Frere's famous translation of The Frogs Aeschylus's disclaimer: 'Indeed I should doubt if my drama throughout / Exhibit an instance of women in love!' (p. 158). 2. Dickinson mistakenly says (and Forster repeats it) that Principia Ethica came out while he was writing The Meaning of Good in 1901, and that he tried rather futilely at the last moment to dodge the naturalistic fallacy (Autobiography, p. 164). Principia Ethica actually appeared two years after The Meaning of Good, but Moore had developed his ideas about the indefinability of good in a series of lectures on ethics given in London in 1898 and subsequently discussed in Apostle meetings (Rosenbaum, 'Moore's Elements'). Dickinson, of course, would have known of Sidg­ wick's The Methods ofEthics, which influenced Moore's formulation of the naturalistic fallacy. 3. Dickinson's remarks on Sanger first appeared in the Nation and Athenaeum, 22 Feb 1930, and were quoted by Keynes in the EconomicJournal and again in the New Statesman and Nation (CW, x 325,340). Noel Annan used them again recently to conclude his rewritten life of Leslie Stephen. 4. Some Dogmas of Religion brought McTaggart a fan letter from Thomas Hardy, who wrote that in The Dynasts he was trying to sketch a negative philosophy not all that different from McTaggart's. In addition to Hardy and Yeats, McTaggart also impressed two modem novelists in different ways. H. G. Wells mocked him in The New Machiavelli (1911) as Codger, Notes 285

whose 'woven thoughts' lay across the narrator's perception of realities when he was his student at Cambridge (ch. 3). Wells's antipathy may have increased the admiration of one of his writer loves, Dorothy Richardson. In Deadlock (1921), the sixth novel ofPilgrimage, she represented McTaggart in propria persona as a lecturer in philosophy who influences the heroine towards a mystical individualism (ch. 7; C. Blake, pp. 57ff.).

NOTES TO CHAPTER 9: RUSSELL

1. For an excellent account of these paradoxes and Russell's technical philosophy as a whole, its relation to Moore's and to the development of modem analytic philosophy, see John Passmore's A Hundred Years of Philosophy, to which I am indebted throughout this account of Blooms­ bury's philosophical backgrounds. 2. Russell's criticism of Bergson first appeared in the Monist in July 1912, and was reprinted as a pamphlet in 1914. When Russell came to write A History ofWestern Philosophy, he included it as the chapter on Bergson. Revising the history in 1961, Russell cut his discussion down because he no longer thought Bergson important enough to merit an entire chapter. 3. 'Principia Ethica", in the Cambridge Review for 3 December 1903, is unsigned but obviously by Russell; his signed 'The Meaning of Good' appeared in the March 1904 issue of the Independent Review. 4. In Russell's account of the Apostles there is the same chronological confusion of the tum of the century with a period around the First World War as is to be found in Keynes's memoir. Russell, for example, describes Keynes at the time he was an undergraduate being besieged by the Vice-Chancellor about university business (Autobiography, 171). 5. Clive Bell's reply to Russell's request is suspicious of a hoax (Russell Archives), but there was in his library at Charleston a copy of Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy inscribed 'with grateful acknowledgements / from Bertrand Russell'.

NOTES TO CHAPTER 10: MOORE

I. Keynes's recent biographer Robert Skidelsky is fully aware of Moore's influence and provides detailed evidence for it from Cambridge writings of Keynes overlooked by Levy (Skidelsky, I 133-60). 2. Stuart Hampshire's description of Spinoza and Leibniz suggests many of the parallels to Moore and Russell:

Nearly equal in intellectual stature and always concerned with the same fundamental problems, the two philosophers were utterly opposed in temperament and ambition, and in their conceptions of the philosopher's role in society. Leibniz, multifariously active and accessible, organizing, power-loving, avaricious, was a courtier and politician, a man of encyc­ lopaedic knowledge and many attainments; he was immersed in the public life of his time at every point, writing and publishing incessantly 286 Notes

on a great variety of subjects in response to some immediate need or request.... By contrast Spinosa was inaccessible, secluded, unworldly, and self-sufficient; his whole life was narrowly concentrated in construct­ ing a single metaphysical system and in drawing moral implications from it, and even his political writings were studiously remote from the actual details of current affairs. Leibniz, with his prodigies of technical invention, has posthumously remained in the main stream of European logic and science, while Spinoza has always been islanded and has left no legacy of logical invention. (pp. 233-4)

3. It is not surprising that critics have found Virginia Woolfs work amenable to phenomenological description. Franz Brentano, who developed di.e influential idea of the intentionality of consciousness, was a teacher of Freud's and Husserl's as well as an important influence on Moore and Russell (Passmore, pp. 202-6; Chisholm). 4. A number of Moore's Apostle and Sunday Essay Society papers are discussed in Levy, but not The Elements oj Ethics or 'The Value of Religion' - lectures which are so important in the early development of his moral philosophy. 5. Monroe Beardsley has pointed out that Moore's definition is difficult to reconcile with his arguments against the value of beautiful objects unper­ ceived by anyone - objects that Sidgwick thought valuable (p.545). 6. Sturge Moore attended his brother's lectures in London in 1898, sending his detailed notes to G. E. Moore for criticism. G. E. in turn helped Sturge edit Shakespeare and translate various authors from the Greek, which Sturge did not know (Legge, pp.97, 123). But G. E. Moore did not appreciate his brother's aesthetic criticism and complained to Leonard Woolf that the philosophy in it, like all bad philosophy, was vague, inconsequent and false, resembling a sermon whose purpose is 'to make you appreciate good things' (LW/S, p. 139).

NOTES TO CHAPTER 11: MEMOIRS, APOSTLE PAPERS AND OTHER ESSAYS

1. Linda Hutcheon has pointed out in Formalism andtheFreudian Aesthetic: The Example oj Charles Mauron how the influence of Claude Bernard's experi­ mental methodology on Mauron may well have shaped Fry's later scientific views. But earlier, during the period of his Vision and Design essays for example, Fry appears to have been interested in Pearson's philosophy of science and then Bertrand Russell's as developed in Our Knowledge oj the External World. 2. The quotation of this passage has been corrected from the manuscript, which, along with Strachey's other unpublished Cambridge writings, is in the possession of the Strachey Trust.

NOTE TO CHAPTER 12: POEMS, PLAYS, PARODIES

1. In addition to the seven poems listed in Michael Edmonds's bibliography of Strachey (pp, 75-6), there are two more almost certainly by Strachey: Notes 287

'The Penultimates', signed 'G. L. S.' in the Cambridge RerJiew, XXUl (28 Nov 1901) 102, and 'A Chinese Epitaph' signed 'Se Lig' (which , like 'Selig' , the author of'The Monk', was Strachey's first name spelled backwards) in the Cambridge Review, xxv (26 May 19(4) 323. Bibliography

This bibliography is divided into two parts: first, works by members of the Bloomsbury Group, then other works. The place of publication is London unless otherwise stated. Short title references used in the text are given in square brackets at the end of the entry.

WRITINGS BY THE BLOOMSBURY GROUP

Bell, Clive, Art (Chatto & Windus, 1914). [A] --, 'George Bernard S!uJ.w by G. K. Chesterton', Athnuuum, 11 Sept 1909, pp. 291-2 ['Shaw'] --, Old Friends: Personal Recollections (Chatto & Windus, 1956). [OF] --, Papers, Trinity College, Cambridge. [p'TC] --, Pot-Boilers (Chatto & Windus, 1918). [PB] Bell, Quentin, Bloomsbury (Futura, 1974). --, Virginia Woolf: A Biography, 2 vols (Hogarth Press, 1972). [QB/VW] Bell, Vanessa, Notes on Virginia's Childhood: A Memoir, ed, RichardJ. Schaubeck, Jr (New York: Frank Hallman, 1974). [Notes] --, Papers, in possession of Angelica Garnett. [pAG] Forster, E. M., Abinger Harvest (Edward Arnold, 1936). [AH] --, Albergo Empedocie and Other Writings, ed, George H. Thomson (New York: Liveright, 1971). [AE] --, Aspects of the Novel and Relatld Writings, Abinger Edition, XII, ed, Oliver Stallybrass (Edward Arnold, 1974). [AN] --, Commonplace Book (Scalar Press, 1978). [CB] --, 'E. M. Forster on his Life and his Books', interview with David Jones, Listener, I Jan 1959, pp. 11-12. --, Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson andRelated Writings, Abinger Edition, XIII, ed, Oliver Stallybrass (Edward Arnold, 1973). [GLD] --, 'How I Lost My Faith', Humanist, LXXVIII (1963) 262-6. --, Howards End, Abinger Edition, IV, ed. Oliver Stallybrass (Edward Arnold, 1973). [HE] --, The Longest journey, Abinger Edition, II, ed. Elizabeth Heine (Edward Arnold, 1984). [Lj] --, Marianne Thornton: A Domestic Biography (Edward Arnold, 1956). [MT] --, Maurice (Edward Arnold, 1971). [M] --, Papers, King's College, Cambridge. [pKC] 288 Bibliography 289

--, 'Recollectionism', New Statesman and Nation, 13 Mar 1937, pp. 405-6. --, Two Cheers for Democnuy , Abinger Edition, VI, ed. Oliver Stallybrass (Edward Arnold, 1972). [2CD] Fry, Roger, Last Lectures, intro. Kenneth Clark (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­ versity Press, 1939). [LL] --, Letters ofRoger Fry, ed. Denys Sutton, 2 vols (Chatto & Windus, 1972). [L] --, 'Modern Painting by George Moore', Cambridge Review, XXII (june 1893) 417-19; repro in The Cambridge Mind, ed. Eric Hornberger et al. Oonathan Cape, 1970) pp. 211-14. ['Modern Painting'] --, Papers, King's College, Cambridge. [pKC] --, (ed.), Sir Joshua Reynolds: Discourses Delivered to the Students of the Royal Academy (Seeley, 1905). [Reynolds] Grant, Duncan, Papers, British Library. [pBL] --, '''Where Angels Fear to Tread": A Memoir of the Apostles', Duncan Grant papers in possession of Henrietta Garnett. ['Where Angels'] Keynes, John Maynard, The Collected Writings, ed. Donald Moggridge and Elizabeth Johnson, 30 vols (Macmillan, 1971- ). [CW] --, Papers, King's College, Cambridge. [pKC] --, Papers, Marshall Library, Cambridge. [pML] MacCarthy, Desmond, Criticism (Putnam, 1932). [C] --, Experience (Putnam, 1935). [E] --, Humanities (Macgibbon & Kee, 1953). [H] --, Leslie Stephen (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1937). [Stephen] --, 'Oscar Wilde and the Literary Club Theatre', Speaker, XIV (7 July 1906) 315-16. ['Wilde'] --, Memories (Macgibbon & Kee, 1953). [M] --, Portraits, I (Putnam, 1931). [P] --, Papers, Lord David Cecil. [pC] MacCarthy, Mary, A Nineteenth-Century Childhood (Heinemann, 1924) [NC]; rev. edn, intro. John Betjeman (Heinemann, 1948). Strachey, Lytton, Books and Characters, French & English (Chatto & Windus, 1922). [BC] --, Characters and Commentaries (Chatto & Windus, 1933). [CC] --, 'Ely: An Ode', Prolusiones Academicae (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1902). --, Eminent Victorians (Chatto & Windus, 1918). [EV] --, 'A Frock-Coat Portrait of a Great King', Daily Mail, II Oct 1928, p. 10. ['Frock-Coat'] -- (signed 'G. L. S.'), 'From the Persian', Cambridge Review, XXIV (5 Feb 1903) 168. --, Landmarks in French Literature, Home University Library of Modern Knowledge (Williams and Norgate, [1912]). [LFL] --, Lytton Strachey by Himself: A Self Portrait, ed. Michael Holroyd (Heinemann, 1971). [LSH] --, Papers, British Library. [pBL] --, Papers, Robert H. Taylor Collection, Princeton University Library. [pP] --, Papers, Humanities Research Center, University of Texas. [pT] --, Papers, the Strachey Trust. [pST] 290 Bibliography

-- (signed 'G. L. S.'), 'The Penultimates', Cambridge Review, XXIII (28 Nov 1901) 102. --, Portraits in Miniature (Chatto & Windus, 1931). [PM] --, The Really Interesting Q1lestion and Otlur Papers, ed. Paul Levy (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1972). [RlQ] --, TheShorter StrfUhey, ed. Michael Holroyd and Paul Levy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980). [SS] --, Spectatorial Essays, ed. James Strachey (Chatto & Windus, 1964). [SE] --, Virginia Woolfand Lytton Strachey: Letters, ed. Leonard Woolf and James Strachey (Hogarth Press, 1956). [LVWLS] Woolf, Leonard, After tlu Deluge: A Study ofCommunal Psychology, 2 vols (Hogarth Press, 1931 and 1939). [AD] --, 'Autobiography of Bertrand Russell: Volume n', Political Qparterly, XXXIX (1968) 343-7. ['Autobiography of Russell'] --, Beginning Again: An Autobiography oftlu Years 19J1-1918 (Hogarth Press, 1964). [BA] --, 'A Case for Treatment', Encounter, xxx (May 1968) 91. ['Case'] --, 'Coming to London', Coming to London, ed. John Lehmann (Phoenix House, 1959, pp. 27-35. ['Coming'] --, Downhill All the Way: An Autobiography oftiu Years 1919-1939 (Hogarth Press, 1967). [DAW] --, Essays on Literature, History, Politics, Etc. (Hogarth Press, 1927). [E] --, Growing: An Autobiography ofth« Years 1904-19Jl (Hogarth Press, 1961). [G] --, Interview, 20 June 1966. --, Papers, University of Sussex. [pS] --, Principia Politico: A Stu4J of Communal Psychology (Hogarth Press, 1953). [PPJ --,Sowing: An Autobiography ofth« Years 1880-1904 (Hogarth Press, 1960). [S] --, The Wise Virgins: A Story of Words, Opinions and a Few Emotions (Hogarth Press, 1979). [WV] Woolf, Virginia, Books and Portraits, ed. Mary Lyon (Hogarth Press, 1977). [BP] --, 'A Cockney': Farming Experiences' and 'The Experiences ofa Paterfamilias', ed. Suzanne Henig (San Diego, Calif.: San Diego State University Press, 1972). --, Collected Essays, ed. Leonard Woolf, 4 vols (Hogarth Press, 1966-7). [CE] --, The Complete Shorter Fiction of Virginia Woolf, ed. Susan Dick (Hogarth Press, 1985). [CSF] --, Contemporary Writers (Hogarth Press, 1965). [CW] --, The Diary of Virginia Woolf, ed. Anne Olivier Bell, assisted by Andrew McNeillie, 5 vols (Hogarth Press, 1978-84). [D] --, A Haunted House and Othe: Short Stories, Uniform Edition (Hogarth Press, 1953). [HH] --,Jacob's Room, Uniform Edition (Hogarth Press, 1945). UR] --, 'Lady Ritchie', TLS, 6 Mar 1919, p. 123; repro in Winifred Gerin, Anne Thackeray Ritchie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981) pp. 279-84. --, TheLetters ofVirginia Woolf, ed. Nigel Nicolson andJoanne Trautmann, 6 vols (Hogarth Press, 1975-80). [L] --, 'The Method of Henry James', TLS, 26 Dec 1918, p. 655. Bibliography 291

--, 'Mr Henry James's Latest', Guardian, 22 Feb 1905, p. 339. --, Moments of Being: Unpublished AutobiographUal Writings, 2nd edn, ed, Jeanne Schulkind (Hogarth Press, 1985). [MB] --, MondJJyor Tuesday (Hogarth Press, 1921). --, Orlando (Hogarth Press, 1928). --, Papers, University of Sussex. [pS] --, Papers, Berg Collection, New York Public Library. [pNY] -,A Room ofOne's Own (Hogarth Press, 1929). [RO] --, Roger Fry: A Biography (Hogarth Press, 1940). [RF] --, 'A Sketch of the Past', typescript, Add. MS 61973, British Library ('Sketch' TS) --, 'The Schoolroom Floor', TLS, 2 Oct 1924, p. 609. ['Schoolroom'] --, Three Guineas (Hogarth Press, 1938). [3G] --, Virginia Woolfand Lytton Strrulr.ty: Letters, ed, Leonard Woolf and James Strachey (Hogarth Press, 1956). [LVWLS]

2 OTHER WRITINGS

Allen, Peter, The Cambridge Apostles: The Ear~ Years (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978). Annan, Noel, The Curious Strength ofPositivism in English Politual Thought (Oxford University Press, 1959). --, 'Editor's Introduction', Leslie Stephen, Selected Writings in BritishIntellectual History (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1979) pp. xi-xxx. --, 'The Intellectual Aristocracy', Studies in Social History, ed. J. H. Plumb (Longmans, Green, 1955) pp. 241-87. --, Leslie Stephen: The Godless Victorian (Weidenfeld lit Nicolson, 1984). Arundell, Dennis, 'Lopokova as an Actress', Lydia Lopokova, ed, Milo Keynes (Weidenfeld lit Nicolson, 1983) pp. 122-38. Beardsley, Monroe, Aesthetics: Problems in the Philosophy ofCriticism (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1958). Benson, A. C., 'Blanche WaITe-Cornish', London Mercury, VIII (1923) 145-58. Bicknell, John W., 'Leslie Stephen's English Thought in the Eighteenth Century: A Tract for the Times', Victorian Studies, VI (1962) 103-20. [Stephen] --, 'Mr Ramsay was Young Once', Virginia WoolfandBloomsbury: A Centenary Celebration, ed, Jane Marcus (Macmillan, forthcoming). Blake, Caesar, R., Dorothy Richardson (Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1960). Bloom, Harold, 'Introduction: The Crystal Man', Selected Writings of Walter Pater, ed. Bloom (New York: Columbia University Press, 1974) pp. vii-xxxi. The Bloomsbury Group: The Word and the Image, VII, exhibition catalogue (National Book League and Hogarth Press, 1976). [Bloomsbury Word and Image] Boissevain, Jeremy, Friends ofthe Friends: Networks, ManipullJtors and Coalitions (Oxford University Press, 1974). Boyd, Elizabeth French, Bloomsbury Heritage: Their Mothers and their Aunts (Hamish Hamilton, 1976). [Bloomsbury] --, 'Luriana, Lurilee', Notes and Qperies, CCVlll (1963) 380-1. 292 Bibliography

Boyle, Andrew, The Climate of Treason, rev. edn (Hodder &. Stoughton, 1980). Bradley, A. C., 'Poetry for Poetry's Sake', Oxford Lectures onPoetry (Macmillan, 1909). Bradley, F. H., Appearance and Realiry: A Metaphysical Essay, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 1969). Braithwaite, R. 8., 'Keynes as a Philosopher', Essays onjohn Maynard Krynes, ed. Milo Keynes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975) pp. 237-46. Broad, C. D., Examination of McTaggart's Philosophy, 2 vols (Cambridge: Cam­ bridge University Press, 1933 and 1938). Bussy, Dorothy Strachey ('Olivia'), Olivia (Hogarth Press, 1949). The Cambridge Mind: Ninery Years ofthe 'Cambridge Reuiew', 1879-1969, ed. Eric Hornberger, William Janeway, Simon Schama (Ionathan Cape, 1970). Cecil, David, Introduction to Desmond MacCarthy: TIu Man andhis Writings, ed, Cecil (Constable, 1984) pp. 13-34. Charteris, Evan, The Life and Letters ofEdmund Gosse (Heinemann, 1931). Chisholm, Roderick M. (ed.), Realism and the Backgruund of Phenomenology (Glencoe, III.: Free Press, 1960). Clark, Ronald W., TIu Life ofBertrand RusseU (jonathan Cape/Weidenfeld &. Nicolson, 1975). Colmer, John, E. M. Forster: TIu Personal Voice (Routledge &. Kegan Paul, 1975). Crabtree, Derek, 'Cambridge Intellectual Currents of 1900', Krynes and the Bloomsbury Gruup, ed. Crabtree and A. P. Thirlwall (Macmillan, 1980). Dahl, Christopher C., 'Virginia Woolf's Moments ofBeingand Autobiographical Tradition in the Stephen Family',juurnal of Modern Litwalure,x (june 1983) 175-96. Darroch, Sandra Jobson, Ottoline: The Life of Lady Ottoline Morrell (Chatto &. Windus, 1976). DeSalvo, Louise A., '1897: Virginia Woolfat Fifteen', Virginia Woolf: A Feminist Slant, ed.Jane Marcus (Lincoln, Nebr.: University ofNebraska Press, 1983) 78-108. Dickinson, G. Lowes, After Two TJaou.sand Years (Allen &. Unwin, 1930). --, TIu Autobiography of G. Lowes Dickinson, ed, Dennis Proctor (Duckworth, 1973). --, 'Dialogue as a Literary Form', Essays by Divers Hands, Transactions oftJae Royal Sociery ofLiterature, XI (1932) 1-19. [Dialogue'] --, TIu Greek View of Lift, 23rd edn, Preface by E. M. Forster (Methuen, 1957). --,j. MeT. E. McTaggart (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1931). --,justice andLiberry: A Political Dialogue U. M. Dent, 1907). --, Lettersfromjohn Chinaman and Other Essays, new edn, intro. E. M. Forster (Allen &. Unwin, 1946). [Letters] -, The Meaning of Good: A Dialogue, 4th edn U. M. Dent, 1907). --, A Modern Symposium, intro. E. M. Forster (Allen &. Unwin, n.d.). Dictionary ofNational Biography, ed. Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee It al., 22 vols (Smith, Elder, 1908-9) Supplements, 1901- (Oxford University Press, 1912- ). [DNB] Edel, Leon, Bloomsbury: A House of Lions (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1979). Bibliography 293

Edmonds, Michael, LyttonStrae/IeY: A Bibliography (New York: Garland, 1981). Eliot, T. S., Selected Essays, new edn (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1950). [Essays] --, 'Virginia Woolf', Horizon, III (1941); repro in The Bloomsbury Group, ed. S. P. Rosenbaum (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974) pp. 202-3. ['VW'] Fleishman, Avrorn, 'Woolfand McTaggart', ELH, XXXVI (Dec 1969) 719-38. Furbank, P. N., E. M. Forster: A Life, 2 vols (Seeker & Warburg, 1977-8). [PNFIEMF] --, 'Forster and "Bloomsbury" Prose', E. M. Forster: A Human Exploration. Centenary Essays, ed. G. K. Das and John Beer (Macmillan, 1979) pp. 161-6. Garnett, Angelica, Deceived with Kindness: A Bloomsbury Child1lood (Chatto & Windus, 1984). Garnett, David, Great Friends: Portraits ofSeventeen Writers (Macmillan, 1979). Gathorne-Hardy, Robert (unsigned), Cornishiana (privately printed, 1937). Gerin, Winifred, Anne Thackeray Ritchie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981). Gordon, Lyndall, Virginia Woolf: A Writer's Life (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984). Gross, John, The Rise andFall ofthe Man ofLetters: Aspects ofEnglish Literary Life since 1800 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969). Grosskurth, Phyllis,John Addington Symonds (Longmans, 1964). Hampshire, Stuart, SpiTUJza (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1967). Hardy, Florence, The Life ofThomas Hardy: 1840-1928 (Macmillan, 1962). Hardy, Thomas, Complete Poems, ed. James Gibson (Macmillan, 1978). Harrison, Jane Ellen, Ancient Art andRitual, rev. edn (Oxford University Press, 1951). --, Prolegomena to theStudy of Greek Religion (Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press, 1903). --, Reminiscences ofa Student's Life (Hogarth Press, 1925). Harrod, R. F., TheLife ofJohn Maynard Keynes (Macmillan, 1951). [RFHUMK] Hassall, Christopher, A Biography of Edward Marsh (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1959). Hicks, John, 'Thornton's Paper Credit', Critical Essays in Monetary Theory (Oxford University Press, 1967) pp. 174-88. Hill, Katherine C., 'Virginia Woolf and Leslie Stephen: History and Literary Revolution', PMLA, XCVI (1981) 351-62. Hintikka, Jaakko, 'Virginia Woolf and our Knowledge of the External World', Journal ofAesthetics and Art Criticism, XXXVIII (Fall 1979) 5-13. Holroyd, Michael, Lytton Strachey: A Biography, rev. edn (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1971). [MHILS] --, Lytton Strachey and the Bloomsbury Group: His Work, their Influence (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1971). [LHBG] Hulme, T. E., Speculations: Essays on Humanism and the Philosophy of Art, ed. Herbert Read (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1960). Hutcheon, Linda, Formalism and the Freudian Aesthetic: The Example of Charles Mauron (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984). Hynes, Samuel, The Edwardian TurnofMind (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univer­ sity Press, 1968). 294 Bibliography

Jakobson, Roman, 'Two Aspects of Language and Two Types of Aphasic Disturbances', Fundamentals ofLanguage, ed. Jakobson and Morris Halle (The Hague: Mouton, 1955) pp. 69-82. James, Henry, Tire Awkward Age (Heinemann, 1899). --, The Art of tire Novel: Critical Prefaces, ed. R. P. Blackmur (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953). ['Prefaces'] --, Letters, IV: 1895-1916, ed, Leon Edel (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984). Jeffares, A. Norman, A Commentary on tire Collected Poems ofW. B. Yeats (Macmil­ lan, 1968). Johnstone, J. K., The Bloomsbury Group: A Study ofE. M. Forster, Lytton Strachty, Virginia Woolf, and tluir Circle (Seeker & Warburg, 1954). Kenner, Hugh, The Pound Era (Berkeley, Calif.: University ofCalifomi a Press, 1971). Keynes, Florence Ada, Gatluring up tire Threads: A Study in Family BiiJgraphy (Cambridge: Heffer, 1950). Keynes, Geoffrey, 'The Early Years', Essays onJohn Maynard Keynes, ed. Milo Keynes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975) pp. 26-35. --, Tire Gates of Memory (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981). [Gates] Keynes, Milo (ed.), Essays on John Maynard Keynes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975). -- (ed.}, Lydia Lopokova (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983). Kirkpatrick, B. J., A Bibliography of E. M. Forster, rev. edn (Rupert Hart-Davis, 1968). --, A Bibliography of Virginia Woolf, 3rd edn (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980). Laing, Donald A., Cliue Bell: An Annotated Bibliography oftire Publislred Writings (New York: Garland, 1983). [CB] --, Roger Fry: An Annotated Bibliography of tire Publislred Writings (New York: Garland, 1979). [RF] Lawrence, D. H., Tire Letters ofD. H. Lawrence, ed. James T. Boulton et al., 3 vols to date (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979- ). Leavis, F. R., 'Keynes, Spender and Currency Values', Scrutiny, XVIII (June 1951); repro in The Bloomsbury Group: A Collection of Memoirs, Commentary, and Criticism, ed. S. P. Rosenbaum (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975) pp. 395-402. Leavis, Q. D., 'Leslie Stephen: Cambridge Critic', Scrutiny, VII (1939) 404-15. ['Stephen'] Legge, Sylvia, Affectionate Cousins: T. Sturge Moore and Marie Appia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980). Levy, Paul, Moore: G. E. Moore and the Cambridge Apostles (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979). Love, Jean 0., Virginia Woolf: Sources of Madness and Art (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1977). Lowell, James Russell, 'A Fable for Critics', Poetical Works (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1890) III 5-95. Maitland, Frederic William, The Life and Letters of Leslie Stephen (Duckworth, 1906). {I Marcus, Jane, 'The Niece of a Nun: Virginia Woolf, Caroline Stephen, and the Cloistered Imagination', Virginia Woolf: A Feminist Slant, ed. Marcus (Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1983) pp. 7-36. Bibliography 295

Martin, Kingsley, Father Figum (Hutchinson, 1966). Maurer, Oscar, 'Leslie Stephen and the Comhill Magazine , 1871-82', Texas Studies in English, XXXII (1953) 67-95. McTaggart, J. McT. E., The Nature of Existence , ed . C.D. Broad, 2 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968). [Nature] --, 'An Ontological Idealism', Contemporary British Philosophy: Personal State­ ments, ed. j. H. Muirhead, 1st ser. (Allen & Unwin, 1924) pp. 251-69. --, Some Dogmas of Religion (Edward Arnold, 1906). [Dogmas] --, Studies in Hegelian Cosmology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1901). --, Studies in Hegelian Dialectic (Cambridge: Cambndge University Press, 1896). [Dialectic] Meisel, Perry, The Absent Father: Virginia Woolfand Walter Pater (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1980). Merle, Gabriel, Lytton Strachey (1880-/932): Biographie et critique d'un critique tt biographe, 2 vols (Lille, Universite de Lille, 1980). Moore, G. E., 'Autobiography', The Philosophy ofG. E. Moore, ed. Paul Arthur Schilpp, 2nd edn (New York: Tudor, 1952). --, 'Death of Dr McTaggart', Mind, XXXIV (1925) 269-71. ['Death'] --, 'A Defence of Common Sense', Contemporary British Philosophy: Personal Statements, 2nd ser., ed.J. H. Muirhead (Allen & Unwin, 1924) pp . 191-223. ['Defence'] --, TheElements ofEthics. See S. P. Rosenbaum, 'G. E. Moore's The Elements of Ethics'. --, Papers, Cambridge University Library. [Cambridge papers) --, 'The Papers of G. E. Moore', Sotheby's Catalogue of Valuable Autograph Letters Literary Manuscripts and Historical Documents (sale 17 Dec 1979) pp. 65-90. ['Moore Papers') --, Philosophical Studies (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1922). --, Principia Ethica (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922). [PEl --, 'T he Refutation of Idealism', Philosophical Studies (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1922) pp . 1-30.['Refutation') --, 'A Reply to my Critics', The Philosophy ofG. E. Moore , ed. Paul Arthur Schilpp, 2nd edn (New York: Tudor, 1952) pp. 535-687. --, Some Main Problems ofPhilosophy (Allen & Unwin, 1953). --, 'Wittgenstein's Lectures in 1930-33', Philosophical Papers (Allen & Unwin, 1959). --, 'The Value of Religion ' , International Journal ofEthics , XII (190 I) 81-98. ['Value') Moore, T. Sturge, W. B. Yeats and T. Sturg« Moore: Their Correspondence, 1901­ 1937,ed. Ursula Bridge (New York: Oxford University Press, 1953). [Yeats and Moore] 'Olivia', Olivia. See Bussy , Dorothy Strachey. The Oxford English Dictionary; ed. James A. H. Murray et al., 13 vols (Oxford University Press, 1931); A Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary, ed. R. W. Burchfield, 3 vols to date (Oxford University Press, 1972- ). Passmore, John, One Hundred Years ofPhilosophy (Duckworth, 1966). Pearson, Karl, The Grammar ofScience (Dent , 1937). Poggioli, Renate, The Theory of the Auant-Garde ; tr. Gerald Fitzgerald (Cam­ bridge, Mass .: Harvard University Press, 1968). 296 Bibliography

Quinton, Anthony, 'Thought', Edwardian England: 1901-1914, Ed. Simon Nowell-Smith (Oxford University Press, 1964) pp. 253-302. Raleigh, Walter, 'Is Sense of Humour or Personal Integrity More Potent for Pleasure to its Owner: An Address to The Apostles, 9th December 1882', Laughter Jrom a Cloud (Constable, 1923) pp. 1-16. --, Style (Edward Arnold, 1897). Ramsey, F. P., 'Epilogue', The Foundations ofMathematics andOthn Logical Essays, ed. R. B. Braithwaite (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1931) pp. 287-92. Rees, Goronwy, 'A Case for Treatment', Encounter, xxx (Mar 1968) 71-83. Reynolds, Sir Joshua, Discourses Delivered to tlu Students ofthe Royal Acadt77!)l. See Fry, Roger (ed.). Richards, I. A., Complementaruies: Uncollected Essays, ed. John Paul Russo (Manchester: Carcanet New Press, 1976). . Robson, W. W., Modern English Literature (Oxford University Press, 1970). Rosenbaum, S. P., 'Bertrand Russell: The Logic ofa Literary Symbol', Russellin Review, ed. J. E. Thomas and Kenneth Blackwell (Toronto: Samuel Stevens, Hakkert, 1976) pp. 57-87. ['Russell'] -- (ed.), The Bloomsbury Group: A Collection of Memoirs, Commentary, and Criticism (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975). [SPRlBG] --, 'G. E. Moore's The Elements of Ethics', University of Toronto QJlarterlY, XXXVIII (Apr 1969) 214-32. ['Moore's Elements'] --, 'Gilbert Cannan and Bertrand Russell: An Addition to the Logic of a Literary Symbol', Russell, nos 21-2 (Spring-Summer 1976) 16-25. ['Can­ nan'] --, 'Keynes, Lawrence, and Cambridge Revisited', Cambridge QuarterlY, XI (1982) 252-64. ['Keynes'] Rothblatt, Sheldon, The Revolution ofthe Dons (New York: Basic Books, 1968). Russell, Bertrand, Archives, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. --, The Autobiography ofBertrand Russell, 3 vols (Allen & Unwin, 1967-9). --, The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell: 1903-1959, ed. Robert E. Egner and Lester E. Denonn (Allen & Unwin, 1961). --, The Collected Papers ofBertrand Russell, I: Cambridge Essays: 1888-99, ed. Kenneth Blackwell et al . (Allen & Unwin, 1983). [Cambridge Essays] --, 'A Free Man's Worship', Mysticism and Logic and Othn Essays (Allen & Unwin, 1963) pp. 40-7. --, A History of Western Philosophy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1945). [History ] --, 'The Influence and Thought ofG. E. Moore. A Symposium of Reminis­ cence by Four of his Friends', Listener, 30 Apr 1959 pp. 755-6. ['Influence'] --, 'The Meaning of Good', Independent Review, II (Mar 1904-) 328-33. --, 'My Mental Development', The Philosophy ofBertrand RUssell, ed. Paul Arthur Schilpp, 3rd ed 2 vols (New York: Harper & Row, 1963) I 3-20. ['Mental Development'] --, ~ Philosophical Development (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1959). [Philosophical Development] --, Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays (Allen & Unwin, 1963). [Mysticism] --, Our Knowledge of ttu External World As a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy (Allen & Unwin, 1961). [Our Knowledge] --, Portraits from Memory (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1956). [portraits] Bibliography 297

--(unsigned), 'Principia Ethica', Cambridge Review, xxv (3 Dec 1903) literary supplement, pp. xxxvii-viii. --, ThePrinciples ofMathematics, 2nd edn (New York: W. W. Norton, 1964). --, Principles ofSocial Reconstruction, 6th edn (Allen & Unwin, 1960). --, The Problems ofPhilosophy (Oxford University Press, 1959). [Problems] --, 'Reply to Criticisms', The Philosophy ofBertrand Russell, ed. Paul Arthur Schilpp, 3rd edn, 2 vols (New York: Harper & Row, 1963) II 681-741. ['Reply'] --, 'The Study of Mathematics', Mysticism andLogic and Other Essays (Allen & Unwin, 1963). --, WhyI Am Not a Christian andOther Essays onReligion andRelated Subjects, ed. Paul Edwards (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1957). Santayana, George, My Host the World (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953;. --, Winds ofDoctrine (New York: Harper, 1957). Schneewind, J. B., Sidgwick's Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy (Oxford University Press, 1977). Shakespeare, William, The Riverside Shakespeare, ed. G. Blakemore Evans et al. (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1974). Shone, Richard, Bloomsbury Portraits: Vanessa Bell, Duncan Grant, andtheir Circle (Oxford: Phaidon, 1976). Sidgwick, Henry, A Memoir by A. S. and E. M. S. (Macmillan, 1906). --, The Methods ofEthics, 7th edn (Macmillan, 1907). Skidelsky, Robert,John Maynard Keynes: A Biography, I vol to date (Macmillan, 1983- ). Spalding, Frances, Roger Fry: Art and Life (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1980). [RF] --, Vanessa Bell (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983). [VB] Spilka, Mark, Virginia Woolf's Qua"el with Grieving (Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1980). Steele, Elizabeth, Virginia Woolf's Literary Sources and Allusions: A Guide to the Essays (New York: Garland, 1983). Stephen, James, The Memoirs ofJames Stephen Written by Himselffor the Use ofhis Children, ed. Merle M. Bevington (Hogarth Press, 1954). Stephen, J. K. (signed 'J. K. S.'), Lapsus Calami (Cambridge: Macmillan and Bowes, 1891). Stephen, Julia (Mrs Leslie), Notes from Sick Rooms ed. Constance Hunting (Orono, Maine: Puckerbrush Press, 1980). --, Papers, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. Stephen, Julian Thoby (unsigned), Compulsory Chapel (privately printed, n.d.). Stephen, Leslie, An Agnostic's Apology and Other Essays (Smith, Elder, 1903). [Apology ] --, 'Art and Morality', Cornhill Mag~ine, XXXII (1875) 91-101. --, English Literature and Society in the Eighteenth Century (Methuen University Paperbacks, 1963). [English Literature] --, The English Utilitarians, 3 vols (New York: A. M. Kelley, 1968). --, History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century, 2 vols (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1962). --, Hours in a Library, 3rd ser., 3 vols (Smith, Elder, 1899). [Hours] 298 Bibliography

--, Life of Henry Fauuett (Smith Elder, 1885). --, The Life of Sir James Fit~amtS Stephen , 2nd edn (Smith, Elder, 1895). [Fit~ames Stephen] --, Mausoltum Book, ed. Alan Bell (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977). [Mausoltum Book] --, Men, Books, and Mountains: Essays, ed. S. O. A. Ullmann (Hogarth Press, 1956). [Men, Books] --, 'The Moral Element in Literature', Cornhill Magaein«, XLIII (1881) 34-50. --, 'A New "Biographica Britannica?", Athenaeum, 23 Dec 1882, p. 850. ['Biographica'] --, Papers, Berg Collection, New York Public Library. --, The Science ofEthics Uohn Murray, 1907). [Scienu] --(unsigned), Sketches from Cambridge bya Don, ed. G. M . Trevelyan (Oxford, 1932). [Sketches] --, Some Early Impressions (Hogarth Press, 1924). [Impressions) --, Studies of a Biographer, 4 vols (Duckworth, 1910). [Studies] Stone, Wilfred, The Cave and the Mountain : A Study of E. M. Forster (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1966). Swinburne, Algernon Charles, Poems and Ballads. Atlanta in Calydon, ed. Morris Peckham (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970). Trevelyan, G. M., An Autobiography and Other Essays (Longmans, Green, 1949). --, Triniry College: An Historical Skttch (Cambridge: Trinity College, 1972). [Triniry ] Trevelyan, R. C ., Windfalls: Notes and Essays , 2nd edn with additions (Allen & Unwin, 1948). Trilling, Lionel, Matthew Arnold (Allen & Unwin, 1949). Verrall, A.W., Euripides the Rationalist (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1895). Wedd, Nathaniel, 'Goldie Dickinson: The Latest Cambridge Platonist', The Criterion, XII (Jan 1933) 175-83. White, Morton, 'The Influence ofG. E. Moore. A symposium ofReminiscence by Four of His friends ', Listener, 30 Apr 1959, pp. 757-8. Whitehead, Alfred North, 'Autobiographical Notes', The Philosophy ofAlfred North Whitehead, ed. Paul Arthur Schilpp (New York: Tudor, 1951) pp. 3-14. Wiener, Norbert, Ex-Prodigy (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1953). Wilkinson, L. P., A Century of King's (Cambridge: King's College, 1980). [Century ] --, Kingsmen ofa Century: 1873-1972 (Cambridge: King's College, 1981). [Kingsmen] Williams, Raymond, 'The Significance of "Bloomsbury" as a Social and Cultural Group', Keynts and the Bloomsbury Group, ed. Derek Crabtree and A. P. Thirlwall (Macmillan, 1980) pp. 40-67. Wilson , J. Dover, Leslie Stephen and Matthew Arnold as Critics of Wordsworth (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1939). Wingfield-Stratford, Esrne, Before the Lamps Went Out (Hodder & Stoughton, 1945). Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Philosophical Investigations , tr, G . E. M. Anscombe (Oxford: Blackwell, 1963). Bibliography 299

--, Remarks on Frazer's 'Golden Bough', ed. Rush Rhees (Retford, Notts.: Brynmill Press, 1979). Woolmer,J. Howard, A Checklist of theHogarth Press: 1917-1938 (Hogarth Press, 1976). Yeats, William Butler, The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats (Macmillan, 1967). [Poems] --, W. B. Yeats and T. Sturge Moore: Their Correspondence, 1901-1937, ed. Ursula Bridge (New York: Oxford University Press, 1953). [Yeats and Moore] Young G. M., Victorian England: Portrait of an Age (Oxford University Press, 1936). Index

References to writings are given under their authors or editors and cross-referenced only when unidentified in the text.

Acton, Lord, 114, 262 209,214-18,220-1,226-7,228, Addison, Joseph, 136 244,255 'AE',141 nature of, 164-75, 250-1 Aeschylus, 120, 274; Agamemrum, 112, papers of Bloomsbury Group for, 275-6; Clwepkuri, 275 251-63; genre of, 251, 256 Agnosticism, 23, 38, 43, 79, 96, 97, 98, 110, philosophy and, 163-75, 182 264 politics and, 174, 248, 257-8, 259 Aiken, Conrad, 14 reality, concern for, 168-9,256-7, Ainger, Alfred, 129 259-60 Ainsworth, A. R., 258 Russell and, 165, 170-1, 173-5, 193-7, Albert, Prince, 257 203, 206, 207, 209-10, 244, 284 Allen, Peter, 165-6 Sidgwick and, 24, 167-71 Annan, Noel, 23,42,51,59,281,284 Stracheyand, 118, 167, 170-5, 197,255, Apennines (King's society), 129, 135,243 284; papers for, 256-8, 263 Apostles, The Cambridge, Ill, 118, 119, Whitehead and, 167, 171, 284 121,126,149,162,191,203,206,207, women and, 195,252,276-8 212,250, 268, 284 Woolf, L., and, 165, 169, 172-3, 197, Bloomsbury Group origins in, 129, 248; papers for, 258-60 165-6; continuation of, 251 Woolf, V., and, 165,166-7,248-9,254, Dickinson and, 165, 171, 176-7,255, 276-8 284 Aristotle, 219, 232, 271 discussions in, 129, 165-6, 167, 171-5, Arnold, Matthew, 28, 31, 35, 42, 99, 180, 255-6 183, 232 Forster and, 102, 157, 165, 172, 174, Arnold, Dr Thomas, 101-2 243; papers for, 255-6 Asquith, Margot, 211 Fry and, 165, 171; papers for, 251-2, Atheism, 11,23,33,38, 110,264 263 Atkenaerun, 152 Grant and, 250-1 Auden, W. H., 98 history of, 165-75,284 Austen, Jane, 99, 127, 130, 133 homosexuality and, 172, 173-4, 184, 187, 197,244-5,248,249 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 181 jargon of, 169,231 Bacon, Francis, 130, 131, 138 Keynes and, 135, 172-5, 196,209,255, Baring, Maurice, 73 284; papers for, 260-2, 263 Barrie, J. M., Peter Pan, 153 King's and Trinity states of mind in, Basi/eoM, 274-5 115, 156, 173, 176, 283 Bate, Francis, 253 MacCarthy and, 126, 165, 197,243,279, Baudelaire, Charles, 112 284; papers for, 171-2, 255 Beardsley, Monroe, 286 McTaggart and, 102, 165, 167, 170-1, Beaumont, Francis and John Fletcher, 187-8, 190 Maid's Tragedy, 128 Moore and, 165, 197, 170-1, 173-4, Beddoes, Thomas, 128 300 Index 301

Beerbohm, Max, 29, 31, 37, 154, 155 Bentham, Jeremy, 24-5, 168,215,230, Beethoven, Ludwig van, 151, 179,266 261,283 Bell, Clive (C. Bell), 1,4,32,88, 101, 152, Bentley, Edmund Clerihew, 105 153, 156, 164,208, 271 Bentley, Richard, 118 aesthetics of, 29, 32-3, 44-5, 278; and Berenson, Bernard, 154 A. C. Bradley, 32-3, 125; and Bergson, Henri, 201, 224, 237, 285 Kant, 29; and Moore , 29, 234-5; Berkeley, George, 161, 202 and Plato, 29; and I. A. Richards, Bernard, Claude, 286 125, 237 Betjeman , John, 281 Bloomsbury Group, members, and , II , Bible, 67, 138, 198,212 242,243-7,248; origins and, Bicknell, John W., 43, 282 128-9, 242; set also writings Binyon, Laurence, 141 Cambridge and, 44, 112, 115, 118; Birrell, Augustine, ISS; Ohiter Dicta , ISS reading at, 116, 128-9 Birrell, Francis,S, 155, 250 family, II, 59 Blake, William, 133,254; SOftgJ of IMocmce , McTaggart and, 189, 246 133 Moore and, 29, 216, 226, 234-5, 245, Bloomsbury, use of term, 7 246 Bloomsbury (district), 4, 62, 68, 212 Russell and, 202, 212, 285 Bloomsbury Group, The, Jet also Apostles, Stephen,T., and, 129, 245, 246, 283 C. Bell, V. Bell, Forster, Fry, Grant, Strachey and, 245-6, 250, 256 Keynes, MacCarthy,T. Stephen, writings : 10; Art, 15,32,235; Cambridge Strachey, Sydney-Turner, L. Woolf, memoirs, 128-9, 242, 243-7; V. Woolf Cambridge poetry, 143, 265; aesthetics and aestheticism: 21, 28-34, CioiliztUioft , II, 18; essays of, 31; 46-7; aestheti c experience in, 46, fiction of, 245-6; Lmtl7ft4rkJin 48; C. Bell and , 32; A. C. Bradle y Nirutetftlh -Cnmry Paifttiftg, 25; Old and, 32-3, 125; Cambridge and, Frimds,6O, 112, 118, 128-9,212, 30; fonnalism of, 11 -12, 13,32,44, 228-9, 245-7; Pot-Boilers, 152; 125; Forster on, 243; French 'Shaw by Chesterton', 153; sources of, 29, 32; Fry and, 31, 243; 'Vocation', 245-6 James and , 31, 148-50; Kant and , Bell, Julian,S, 56; poetry of, 143 29; Moore and , 230, 234; Pater and, Bell, Quentin, 5, 59, 215, 279 30-1 ,46, 144; Tolstoy and , 32, Bell, Vanessa (V. Bell), I, 4, 77,87, 93, 234 142, 144, 249 definition, members, nature of, 1,3-7, art by, 13-14, 225, 250-1 , 262 211-12,279; Old and New, 4-5,15 Bloomsbu ry Group members and , 244, Dickinson and , 180,210; personal and 245, 247,249-51 intellectual significance for, education of, 98-9 176-86, 193; writings and , 177-80 Moore and, 226, 249, 250 education of, 98-106; Cambridge Stephen,L., and, 87-8, 89 literary, 109-57; Cambridge Woolf, V., and, 5,51, 65, 199; philosophical, 161-238; classics in, dustjackets of books by, 13-14; 98-9,101,104-5,111-13,115-16, education with, 98-9; as reformers, 118-22; history in, 43-4, 99, 106 111-14, 116-18, 122 writings : Memoir Club papers, 60, 77, families, class of, 3, 11,59,61-2,73, 79, 92, 242, 249; NOleJ Oft Virgiftia'J 212; autobiographical visions of, ChiltlJrood, 86, 98; 'Old 58-106; matriarchies and Bloomsbury', 93 sisterhoods in, 59, 67, 69 Bellini, Giovanni, 147 intellectual origins of, 21-34; aesthetic, Belloc, Hilaire, ISS II ~12 , 28-34; philosophical, Bennett, Arnold, 80, 83, 125 u -rz, 24-6, 33-4; political, ll, Benson, A. C., From a College Wirttlow , 277 26-8,33-4; religious, 11,21-4, Benson, E. F., 242 33-4 302 Index

Bloomsbury Group, The (contd) Stephen, L., and, 35-57, 123-4, 151, liberalism and, 11,21,26-8,33-4, 180, 249; aesthetic disagreement with, 257-8, 264, 286 45-7; biography and, 44, 51-5; literary history, nature, periods, and intellectual and literary history premisses of, 1-18, 161-2 and, 43-5; moral philosophy and, McTaggart and, 176, 186-92, 193 38-42 Moore and, 3, 6-7, 11-12, 23,40, Victorians and, 205, 225-30; beliefs of, 163-4,176,209,214-18; aesthetics 21-34; families of, 58-100; SII also and, 29-30, 230, 234-5; analytic Bloomsbury Group and families, method and, 218-21; conception of intellectual origins, reading, philosophy and, 217, 219-20; L. Stephen, writings epistemology and, 218, 221-5; writings: Apostle papers, 251-63; ethics and, 24-6, 218, 226-37; autobiographical and biographical, intellectual and personal 2,21,44,51-7,58-61,63-106, significance of, 193, 214-38; 241-50; Cambridge essays, literary significance for, 218, 225; 241-64; Cambridge parodies, organic unity theory and, 7, 228; 272-8; Cambridge plays, 270-2; philosophy of mind and, 224 Cambridge poems, 265-70, 276; mysticism and, 12, 18, 23, 26, 110, character-writing, 120, 274-5; 132-3, 204-5 chronology of, 2, 14-16; English origins of, 2, 111-12, 128-9, 165-6, essays, 131-7; genre mixture of, 241-7 8-9; interpretation of texts, 8-10; philosophy and, 11-12,24-6,33-4,43, interrelatedness of, 1-2, 10-14, 125, 198; at Cambridge, 11, 110, 15-16; literariness of, 8-10; mutual 149, 152, 161-238; Kant and, 25, criticism of, 6, 12-13; picture and 231; Nee-Platonism and, 12,25-6, text relations of, 13-14; range of, 163; philosophical plain style and, 8-10; rational and visionary value 188,204; Plato, Platonism, and, 12, in, 17-18 23,163,230; utilitarianism and, 21, Blunt, Anthony, 174 24-8, 33, 161-4; SII also Boehme, Jacob, 132 Bloomsbury Group and Dickinson, Bradley, A. C., 125-6, 127; 'Poetry for McTaggart, Moore, Russell, and Poetry's Sake', 32-3, 125 L. Stephen Bradley, F. H., 43,125,186, 188, 190, 195, reading of, 127-30, 138-9; modern 219,222 drama, 151-3; modern fiction, Braithwaite, R. B., 164, 215 143-51; modern non-fiction, Brenan, Gerald, 5 154-7; modern poetry, 139-43 Brentano, Franz, 280, 286 reality as value of, 68, 79-81, 169, Bridges, Robert, 141 256-7,259-60 Broad, C. D., 189, 191 religious attitudes of, II, 12, 21-4, Bronte, Charlotte, 127 33-4, 250, 273; atheism and, II, Bronte, Emily, 127 23, 33, 38, 110 Brooke, Rupert, 261 Russell and, 6; conception of philosophy Brown, John, 76,281 and, 198, 200, 213; epistemology, Browne, Sir Thomas, 128, 130, 136, 138, I~c, and, 193-4, 200-2; ethics 258 and, 202-6; mathematics and, Browning, Oscar, 113-14, 166, 184,283 198-200; moral and logical Browning, Robert, 35, 130, 131, 138-9, discrepancy of, 213; mysticism, 186,266,267; Return ofthe Drum, 128; logic and, 204-5; personal and 'Saul', 190 intellectual significance for, Bunyan, John, 22, 76 193-213; social, political, Burgess, Guy, 174 historical, popular philosophical Burke, Edmund, 135 writings and, 193, 202-3, 206-9; Burne-jones, Edward, 91 style and, 203-4 Burns, Robert, 131 Index 303

Burton, Robert, 128, 258 128-9,139,156,173,176,186,24-6, Bury ,J.B., 117 24-9, 256, 262, 283 Bussy, Dorothy, Olivia, 97-8 tripos , 111-12, 250-1 Butler, Joseph, 228 women and, 110, 113, 167, 185,273; see Butler, Samuel, 31, 14-3, 14-6-7, 150, 154-, also V. Woolf 24-7; Ernohon , 14-6; Erewhon Rtuisited, Cameron, Julia Margaret, 85 14-6; Fair Haum, 14-7; Note-Boob, 14-7; Campbell, Roy, 211 Way ofAll Flesh, 14-6-7 Carlyle, Thomas, 24-, 28,4-2, 52, 56, 87, 88, Byron , George Gordon, Lord, 116, 131, 99, 116, 119, 127, 14-3, lSi, 155 136,259 Carpenter, Edward, 139-400, 14-6, 156-7, 180,24-2; Homogmic Love, 156; Love 's Caesar, Julius, 272-3 Cuming of Age, 156 Calverley, C. S., 14-3 Carroll, Lewis, 186,212 Cambridge Apostles, see Apostles, The Case, Janet, 99, 14-2 Cambridge Catullus, 269, 273 Cambridge Conversazione Society , see Cecil, David, 279 Apostles, The Cambridge Cezanne, Paul, 14-0, 152 Cambridge Fortnightly, 24-2 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 129 Cambridge Modern History, 117, 262 Chekhov, Anton, l4-, 14-5, lSI Cambridge Platonists, 12, 163, 183, 283 Chesterfield, Lord, 136-7 Cambridge Review, 24-6, 253, 262, 267, 275, Chesterton, Cecil, 105, 155 287 Chesterton, G. K., 105, 153, 155 Cambridge Union, 262 Chisholm, Roderick, 280 Cambridge Un iversity, 110, 112, 113-14-, Christ, Jesus, 219, 226, 232, 258 115,166-7,172,185-6,214-,236, Clapham Sect, 22-4, 70-2 24-9- 50; seealso Apostles , C. Bell, Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 116 Forster, Fry, Keynes, MacCarthy, Clark, George, 123 L. Stephen,T. Stephen, Strachey, Clark, Kenneth, 9 Sydney-Turner, L. Woolf, and Clark Lectures, 123-5, 127, 134-, 136 V. Woolf Clemenceau, Georges, 181 Bloomsbury Group origins at, 2, II, Cleopatra, 273 111-12, 129,24-1-8 Clifford, W. K., 164 Bloomsbury Group reading at, 127-31, Clifton, 101-2, 121 138-57 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 24-, 4-2, 4-8, 116, Bloomsbury Group writingsat and of, 230,283 essays, 131-7,251-64-; memoirs, Collins, Churton, 125. 131 24-1 -51; parodies, 272-8; plays. Congreve, William, 48, 130; Lovefor Love, 270-2; poems, 265-70, 276 48; WI!)' ofthe World, 128 classics at, 110-11 , 112-13, 118-22 Conrad,Joseph, 143-4, 154­ Girton, 124- Cooper, James Fenimore, 263 history at, III, 112-18, 122 Corelli, Marie, 138 King's College, 111-14-, 122, 129, 156, Comhill, 42, 56, 124, 14-8, 155 173,176,24-2,250-1,256,262,276. Court Theatre, 153 283 Crome, John, 235 lectures on English literature at, 123-5, 126 Newnham College, 121, l4-2 Dante Alighieri, 127, 129, 138; Vita Nuoua ; Oxford and, 30, 162, 172, 188 190 philosophy at, 11-12, III, 161-238 Darwin, Charles, 4-0, 42, 4-4, 45, 14-6 poets and poetry at, 110, 116, 14-3, 268 Davidson, John, 141 societies, discussion and literary, at, Day Lewis, C., 14- 123,128-9,131,164,172,251 ; see Degas, Edgar, 245 also Apostles Dickens, Charles, 24, 127, 134; Bleak Trinity College, III, 114--22, 123, House, 134; A Chris/mas Carol , 134; 304 Index

Pickwicle Papers, 134; A Tale ofTwo Duckworth, George, 89, 90-3 Cities, 134 Duckworth, Gerald, 89, 90, 148, 249; se« Dickinson, Emily, 139 also Gerald Duckworth lit Co. Dickinson, Goldsworthy Lowes, 176-86, Duckworth, Stella, 77, 78,82,87, 147 283 Duff, j. D., 167 Apostles and, 167, 171, 176-7,206,208, Durer, Albrecht, 141 255, 284 Bloomsbury Group and, 176-86, 193, Eckhard, johannes, 132 210; se« also Dickinson and Fry, Ecorunnic Consequences ofthe Peace, TIle, Sll Keynes, L. Woolf, and V. Woolf J. M. Keynes Cambridge tradition, on, 185-6 Edinburgh Review, 147 charm and character of, 176, 179, 183-4 Edmonds, Michael, 286 Forster biography of, 112-13, 176-7, Edwardian Bloomsbury, 2, 15 183-4,186 Eliot, George, 53,93, 127, 133 Fry and, 176, 179-80, 181-2, 184,242, Eliot, T. S., 6, 14, 35, 139, 161, 190, 210, 252 211,218; Homage toJohn Dryden, 134; Ideal of, 177, 182, 232 Wasteland, 15 Keynes and, 176, 181 Elizabethan literature, 127-8,245 McTaggart and, 176, 180-3, 184-5, Elton, Charles, 139; 'Luriana, Lurilee', 186,206 139 Moore and, 181-2, 184,216-17,229, Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 132, 139 236,284 Ends, Sll Means and ends Platonism, Neoplatonism, and, 163, English literary history, 17,44-5, 124, 181,183 154,156 politics and, 176, 180-1, 184,208 English literary lectures and societies at Russell and, 180, 182, 203 Cambridge, 123-5, 131 Woolf, L., and, 179, 181 English literature, study and teaching of at Woolf, V., and, 178-9,236 Cambridge, Ill, 119, 120, 123-5, writings: 157, 177-80, 181, 204; After 127,167 2000 Years, 178, 182; Autobiography, Epicureanism, 252 113, 178, 182, 184, 187; 'Dialogue Erasmus, 116 as a Literary Form', 178; Grille View Eton, 73-7,101,102-3, III, 135, 142,262 ofLife, 177, 183; InlmuJti01llll Euphrosyne, 265, 278 Anarchy, 177, 180-1; Justiceand Euripides, 120, 183, 273-4, 275 Liberty, 178, 180; Letters frtnnJohn Evangelicalism, II, 21-4, 33, 43, 73, 109 Chinaman, 178, 183; Magic Flute, 177; McTaggart, 190, 191; Meaning Fabians, The, 181 of Good, 178, 182, 284; Motiml Falk, G. A., 113, 282-3 Symposium, 178, 180; 'Shall We Faulkner, William, 50 Elect God?', 177; 'The Wandering Fielding, Henry, 127, 130, 134; TomJones, jew', 181 134 Dictionary ofNational Biography, 52, 55, 59, Fitzgerald, Edward, Rubtiryat of Omar 85,116,120, 181; Bloomsbury Group Khayydm, 130, 139 and, 52, 54-5, 59, 116, 124; English Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 50 literary history and, 124; L. Stephen Flaubert, Gustave, 254; Madame Bovary, and,44,48,54-5,56,59,84, 124, 134, 260 281; 283 Fletcher, John and Francis Beaumont, Dobson, Austin, 141 Maid's Tragedy, 128 Dostoevsky, Feodor, 14, 145, 220; The Forster, E. M., 11,27,44,59, 70-1, 110, Insulted and the Injured, 150 114, 126, 190,204,208, 278 Dreadnought Hoax, 250, 277 aesthetics, aestheticism, and, 28-31, 32, Dreyfus Affair, 247-8, 257 125,243-4,253 Dryden, john, 47,116,133-4 Apostles and, 115, 165, 172, 174; papers Duckworth family, 282 for, 255-6 Index 305

Bloomsbury Group members and, I, 5, and Pope', 133; Room with a View, 156,242-3,244,247,251,260,263; 12; satirical verse, 260; 'Strivings Stt also Forster and Strachey, After Historical. Style', 276; Two L. Woolf, and V. Woolf ChtersJorDemocraey, 50, 114; Cambridge and, 111-14, 119, 129, 172, 'Virginia Woolf', II, 125; 'What I 249-50; reading at, 139-41, Believe', 18; Whert Angtls Fear to 143-51, 151, 153, 155, 156-7 Tread, 150 Dickinson and, se« writings Fort1lightg Review, 254 family, 59-60, 69-73; family houses, Frazer, James, 183; Goltim Bough, 120-1 70-2,95 Freeman, E. A., 116 literary history and, 14,44, 133-4 Frege, Gottlob, 198 McTaggart, and, 187, 189, 190-1, 226-7 French literature, 29, 127, 180,267,271 Moore and, 162, 184,217,221,226-7, Freud, Sigmund, 14,26,49, 86, 149, 224, 236, 243 286 philosophy and, 26, 161-2 Fry, Edward, 58-9, 64--6, 97 public schools and, 100-1, 102, 1M Fry, Mariabella, 63-4 Russell and, 201, 204, 208, 209-10, 212 Fry, Roger, 12,31-2,65,140, 141-2, 147, Stephen, L., and, 37,48,50, 134 151, 152-3, 155-6,208,242,253, Strachey and, 4, 242-3, 273 254,286 Woolf, L., and, 4,104,247,249-50,266 aesthetics, art, and, 9, 29, 31-2, 125, Woolf, V., and, 4, II, 12, 114, 125, 150, 198,234,237,242,253-4,262,278; 151, 185, 276 Stt also writings writings: 8, 10,31; Abinger Harvest, 71, Apostles and, 165, 171,251-4; papers 100, 143, 151; Albergo Emptdoclt, 77; for, 251-2, 263; Stt also writings Apostle papers, 255-6; Arctic Bloomsbury Group members and, I, 3, SlD1Imer, 241; 'Art for Art's Sake', 4,23,31-2, 115,242,244-5,262, 28; Aspects ofthe Novtl, 12, 14,44, 280; seealso Fry and Forster; 126, 134, 143, 145, 150; Cambridge V. Woolf, Roger Fry memoirs, 242-3; Cambridge Cambridge and, 109, 111-12, 115, 129, parodies, 120, 274-6; 'Cambridge 181-2, 242, 252 Theophrastus', 120,274; Clark Dickinson and, 112, 179-80, 181-2, lectures, 123; Commtm/Jlact Book, 60, 184-5, 242, 252 71, 114, 150,204; diary, 60; education of, 101-2, 105, 121 England's Grtlll and Pleasant Land, family, 59, 61, 63-6, 109;family houses, 12; English essays, 131, 133-4; 63 fiction, 15, 69, 114, 141;'Forster on Forster and, 185, 242-3 His Life and His Books', 113; McTaggart and, 102, 112, 181-2, Goldsworthy LaWtS Dickinson, 53, 110, 184-7, 189, 191-2,242,252-3 113-14,172,176-85,187,226-7, Moore, G. E., and, 217, 230, 234, 237, 241; 'Henry Thornton', 71-2; Hill 252,254 oj Dnn, 60; 'How I Lost My Faith', Russell, 194, 198,202, 203, 208, 212, 98;Howards End, 2, 25, 70, 140, 179, 242, 286 208,276,281; Longtstjourney, 12, Woolf, V., and, Stt V. Woolf, Roger Fry 25,41,100,105,146,225,236,241, writings: 10, Cambridge writings on art, 256, 260, 274, 283; Maria1l1lt 252-4; 'Do We Exist', 252; English Thornton, 22,60,69-73; Maurice, essays, 131, 133; 'Essay on 100, 146, 156-7,241,269; 'Notes Aesthetics', 121; Last Lectures, 253; on the English Character', 100; letters, 151, 153, 154, 155, 184; Nottingham Lace, 274; 'Novelists of Memoir Club papers, 59-60, the 18th Century and their 101-2; 'Mr Westcott or Mr Influence on the 19th', 134;'Pack of Whistler?', 252; 'Modern Painting', Anchises', 275; A Passage to India, 254; 'Ought We to Be 18,25, 140, 183; 'Recollectionism', Hermaphrodite?', 252; 'Philosophy 60; 'Relation of Dryden to Milton of Impressionism', 254; 'Problems 306 Index

of Phenomenology in Greek Hastings, Warren, 118, 135-6 Painting', 253; Reynolds edition, Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 99, 263 198; Vision and Design, 18, 286 Hawtrey, Ralph, 174 Furbank, P. N., 283 Headlam, Walter, 112 Hegel, G. W. F., 125, 132, 177, 182, 186, Gainsborough, Thomas, 133 187,190-1,195,213,222,226,230, Galsworthy, John, 83, 148 252 Garnett, Angelica, Deceived with Kindness, Heine, Heinrich, 138 56 Hemingway, Ernest, 50 Garnett, Constance, 145 Henley, W. E., 35, 141 Garnett, David, 5, 59, 145, 150,210,215 Herrick, Robert, 267 Gaskell, Mrs Elizabeth, 134 Hills,J. W., 89 Gerald Duckworth & Co., 148, 204 Hobbes, Thomas, 53 Gerin, Winifred, 282 Hobhouse, Arthur, 173, 250 German literature, 180 Hogarth Press, 4, 6, 13-14, 15,97, 121, Gibbon, Edward, 44, 116, 136; Decline and 148,212 Fall of the Roman Empire, 55 Holroyd, Michael, 268-9 Gide, Andre, 97 Home University Library, 121,200 Gissing, George, 144 Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 141; God, 177; see also Jehovah 'Heaven-Haven', 142; 'The Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 129, 177, Windhover', 141 178, 183 Horace, 268 Goldsmith, Oliver, 134; Citi~en ofthe World, Housman, A. E., 140-1; Shropshire Lad, 177 140 Gosse, Edmund, 16, 125,206 Howards End, see Forster Grant, Duncan, 59, 101, 104,210,242, Hugo, Victor, 177 262; Apostles and, 164,242,250-1; Hulme, T. E., 237 Bloomsbury Group members and, I, Hume, David, 27, 116, 161,224 4, 250-1; Forster and, 242, 250; Husserl, Edmund, 224, 286 Moore and, 226, 250; Strachey and, Hutcheon, Linda, Formalism and the 153,245,250; 'Where Angels Fear to Freudian Aesthetic: The Example of Tread', 250 Charles Mauron, 286 Graves, Robert, 14 Huxley, Aldous, 21I Gray, Thomas, 116 Hyde Parle Gate News, 50 Greek Anthology, 130 Green, J. R., 116 Ibsen, Henrik, 130, 150, 151-2, 153,247, Groups, 3-4, 7, 23 272; Dolls House, 151; Hedda Gabbler, Guardian, 149 151;John Gabriel Berkman, 151; Love's Comedy, 153; Master Builder, 151; Peer Haldane, R. B., 91 Gynt, 15I; PillarsofSociety, 151; Hampshire, Stuart, 285-6 Rosmersholm, 151 Hardy, Thomas, 31, 38, 130, 140, 143-6, Idealism, 125, 146, 163, 169; and 150,281,283,284; Farfrom the Bloomsbury Group, 26, 152,252-3, Madding Crowd, 35; HandofEthelberta, 263; and McTaggart, 171, 181-2, 35;Jude the Obscure, 145; Moments of 186-92, 195; and Moore, 221-5, 231, Vision, 31,146; Return oftheNative, 35; 263; and Russell, 197-8, 202 Satires of Circumstanc«, 146; 'The Impressionism, 30, 224, 253-4, 255 Schreckhorn', 35-6, Tessofthe Independent Review, 203, 226, 285 d'Urbervilles, 145 Isherwood, Christopher, 14,98 Harrison, Jane Ellen, 12I, 183; AMent Art andRitual, 12I; Prolegomena to theStudy Jackson, Henry, 120, 167, 170 of Greele Religion, I2I; ReminisctTl&es of a Jakobson, Roman, 16 Student's Life, 121 James, Henry, 14, 35; and the Apostles, Harrod, R. F., 77 148-9,219,255; and Bloomsbury Index 307

Group, 7, 31, 91,139,143-4,148-51, essay, 135; Burke essay, 135; 154,247,258,273; Ambas.uullWs, 148, Cambridge English essays, 131, 150; Awkward Age, 7, 148, 255; 134-5; Cambridge review, 262; Bost01lians, 151; Daisy Milltr, 35; 'Can We Consume Our Surplus?', Goldna Bowl, 149; In the Cage, 148; 262; Collected Writings, 27, 115, 'International Episode', 35; Letters, 262-3,284; Dickens essay, 134-5; 149; Portrait of a Lady, 151; Princess EC01U11llic Consequences oftlu Peace, 12, Casamassima, 150; &&red FOWlt, 148; 25, 181,212,278; 'Egoism', 261; Washington Square, 35; Wings of the Essa.Js in Biography, 52, 241; letters, Dove, 148 170; 'The Method', 260; 'Modern james, William, 26, 202, 224; Pragmatism, Civilization', 261; 'My Early 114 Beliefs', 18,22-3.30,60, 76, 174, jebb, R. C., 120, translation of 209-10,214-16,220,225,232,242, Theophrastus, Charaetm, 120,274 244,262,285; 'Posterior Analytics', jehovah, 226; seealso God 267; 'Shall We Write job, Book of, 138 Melodramas?', 135; Treatisc01l johnson, Samuel, 42, 47, 53, 131, 142, 186; Probability, 161-2, 196, 200, 261 Livesof the Poets, 130 Keynes. Florence Ada, 61,76. 103,281 johnson, W. E., 161 Keynes, Geoffrey, 65, 74; 'Early Years', Jonson. Ben. 129; Bartholomew Fair, 128; 75-6; Gates of Memory, 76 IIolp01le, 128 Keynes,john Neville, 11,24,61,75-7, Journey Not the Arrival Mattm, The, see 163, 215-16; Studies and E"trcises in Woolf, L. Formal Logic, 76; Scope and Metlwd of joyce. james, 17,50; Dublintrs, 119; Political Economy, 76 Ulysses, IS, 257 Keynes, Lydia Lopokova, see Lopokova, jung. C. G., 14 Lydia King's College, Sit Cambridge Kant, Immanuel, 25, 196, 222, 223, 226, Kipling, Rudyard, 99, 138. 141, 143, 149 230, 234; Critique of Pure JudgemenJ . 29 Keats, john. 131, 138, 254, 270 La Bruyere, jean de, 120, 275 Kensington. 62, 68, 70, 94 La Rochefoucauld, Duc de. 211 Kessler, Harry. 102 Landmarks in Freru:h Liuratur«, Sit Strachey Keynes,john Maynard. 16.27,37,65.71. Landmarks in Ni7UIteenth -Centu'Y Painting, Sit 88, 115, 151-2.248 Bell,C. Apostles and, 135. 169-70, 172-4,227, Lawrence, D. H., 17, SO, 140, 161; and 230, 248, 250-1, 255, 283, 284; Bloomsbury Group, 209, 228, 284; papers for, 260-2; see also writings and Keynes. 209, 214, 215; and Bloomsbury Group, members , and , 1,4. Russell, 207, 209, 211; Women in Love, 13,21-2, 135,244,250,260.262, 15,284 282; see also Keynes and Strachey, Leathes, Stanley , 117 L. Woolf Leavis, F. R., 103 Cambridge and, 109, III, liS, 129, Leavis, Q. D., 49, 127 161-2, 176, 278, 284 Lee, Sidney, 52 education of, 75-6, 101, 103 Lehmann. john, 5 family, 61, 62, 65, 75-7, 97, 109 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 191, 196,220, Moore,and,161,214-18,220,226,227, 285-6 230, 231-2, 235, 244, 260-2, 285 Levy, Paul, 216, 284, 285, 286 Russell and, 161, 174, 196,200,208. Lewis, Wyndham, Timeand Westtrn Man, 209,212,214,285; probability work 237; Men Without Art, 237 and, 196, 200 Liberalism, 11,21,26-8,33,41-2,43, Strachey and, 12, 39, 173-4, 244, 260 114, 180, 202-3, 257, 264 Woolf, L., and, 215, 244. 247, 248, 259, Life and Letters , 147 260 Lloyd George , David, 279 writings: 10, 13, 31,43. 116; Abelard Locke, john, 27, 161 308 Index

Lockhart, J. G., Memoirs ofthe Lift ofSir Mansfield, Katherine, 14, 210 Walttr Scott, 130 Marcus, Jane, 279-80 lAngestjourney, The, see Forster Marlowe, Christopher, 116, 130 Lopokova, Lydia, 151-2,282 Marsh, Edward, 120 LoweIJ,James RusseIJ, 26, 35,86,91,133, Marvell, Andrew, 116 280-r Marx~m, 27, 174,203,208,215 Lubbock, Percy, SluJdes ofEton, 103 Materialism, 222, 223-4, 225 Lucas, F. L., 5 Maurice, F. D., 164, 165,283 Lucian, 266; Dialogues of the Dead, 272 Mauron, Charles, 286 Lucretius, 131, 138,222 McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis, 121, 180, 186-92, 229, 284-5 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 31, 44, Apostles and, 157, 165, 167, 171-2, 47-8, 116-17, 134, 136, 154 187-8, 190 MacCarthy, Desmond, 16,44,102-3,127, Bloomsbury Group and, 165, 176, 203, 279 187-93,244,246,273; see also Apostles and, 165, 171-2, 197,243,244, McTaggart and Fry 279, 284; papers for, 255; see also Dickinson and, 176, 180-2, 184-5, 186, writings 206 Bloomsbury Group, members and, I, Fry and, 102, 112, 181-2, 184-7, 189, 4-5,13,116,139,243-4,244,247, 191-2,242, 252-3 258, 277, 279 Moore and, 182, 187-92,216,217,222, Cambridge and, 103, 113, 115, 116, 118, 227,236 162, 242, 243-4; reading at, 128, philosophy of, 163, 176, 186-92,232 139-40, 142, 143, 147-9, 152, 153 RusseIJ and, 187-8, 189, 191, 195, 198, education of, 101, 102-3, 104--5 203, 205, 206 Moore and, 217,221,222,224,243, writings: Apostle paper, 187; Furthtr 254-5 Detnmination ofthe Absolute, 186; Russell and, 199, 205, 211, 212, 244 Nature ofExistence, 186, 188; Stephen, L., and, 37, 49-50, 52; see also 'Ontological Idealism', 186,220; writings Some Dogmas ofReligion, 188, writings: 10,31; biographical essays, 52; 189-90, 203; Studies in Hegelian Cambridge memoirs, 242, 243-4; Cosmology, 182, 189; Studies in Clark lectures, 123; Criticism, 147; Hegelian Dialectic, 176; style of, 188, drama criticism, 15, 153, 278; 204- Exptrimu, 103; Hu1Rll1lities, 152; 'Is Means and ends, 9-10, 12, 25, 258, 259, this an awkward Age?', 149,171-2, 260-2, 277-9, 321 175,255; uslieStephm, 45-50,125; Medieval literature, 127 Memories, 60, 103, 243-4; 'Oscar Meinong, Alexius, 198 Wilde', 153;Portraits, 113, 142, 149; Meisel, Perry, 280 reviews, 7; truth paper, 255 MelviIJe, Herman, 139 MacCarthy, Mary, 10; education of, 58, Memoir Club, 56, 58-9, 64-5, 92, 94, 96, 103; family of, 59, 61-2, 97-100; 101,129,141,215,221,242,244,250; Memoir Club and, 4, 279; members of, 4-5 Nineteenth-Century ChildJlood, 59, 73-5, Meredith, George, 99, 130, 140, 143-5, 98,105,281 146,150, 154,247;EgMsI,35, 145;joy Mackail, J. W., Select Epigramsfrom the ofthe Earth, 140; ModmI Love, 140; Greek Anthology, 130 Ordeal of Richard Ftvtral, 144 Mackenzie, Compton, Sinisltr Street, 105 Meredith, H. 0., 233 Maeterlinck, Maurice, 132, 153 Metaphysical poets, 267 Maidand, Frederic William, 88, 117, 167, Micah, Book of, 67 175, 185, 283; Life tuUi LetttrS ofuslie Michelet, Jules, 44, 116-17 Stephen, 36, 42, 55, 98, 99, 117 Middleton,J. H., 112 Mallarme, 140 Midnight Society, 128, 151,245,248,271, Malthus, Thomas Robert, 27 273 Index 309

Mill, James, 77 216-17, 219, 220-1, 225, 256-7, Mill, John Stuart, 24-8, 41, 77, 161, 168, 267, 271-2 186, 189, 203, 231, 264; Subjettitm of Woolf, L., and, 24, 104, 132, 141, 148-9, Womtll, 28, 41, 281 196,215-17,219-21,226-31,235, Milton, John, 99, 116, 127, 130, 134-5, 247,259-60 138,203, 264; Comus, 128 Woolf, V., and, 144,214, 224-5, 226, Mind, 188, 217, 222, 223 236-7,281 Moliere, 127 writings: 'Defence of Common Sense', Monet, Claude, 224, 253 219-20; ElementsofEtllits, 205, 232, Montaigne, Michel de, 127, 130 286; Etllits, 24, 200, 230, 235-6; Moore, G. E., 112, 120, 141, 186,214-38, Mairt Problems of Pllilosoplly, 200, 285-6 223-4; Pllilosoplliml Studies, 225; aesthetics of, 30, 230, 234-5, 286 Prirttipia Etlliea, 24-5, 30, 40, 109, Apostles and, 165, 170-1, 173-4, 209, 135, 146, 149, 168, 182, 188, 190, 214-18, 220-1, 226-7, 228, 244, 196,205-6,210,215,217-19,223, 250, 255; papers for, 229-30, 232, 226-36, 246, 249, 259-60, 277, 234, 252; see also writings 283, 284, 285; 'Refutation of Bloomsbury Group, members, and, 3, 7, Idealism', 223,225, 263; 'A Reply 11-12,23,40,157,163,176,193, to My Critics', 206, 218, 221; style 210, 226, 228, 230, 234-5, 250; of, 179, 204, 220; 'Value of disagreements over influence on, Religion', 232, 286; 'What End?', 214-18; intellectual and personal 232 significance for, 214-38; see also Moore, George, 144,214,253-4; AIIOWtJls, Moore and Forster, Fry, 144 MacCarthy, Strachey, L. Woolf, Moore, Nicholas, 237 and V. Woolf Moore, T. Sturge, 141,237, 286 common-sense philosophy, conception Morrell, Ottoline, 6, 15, 204, 211-12 of, 219-25, 234 Morris, William, 31-2, 155 Dickinson and, 182, 184,216-17,236, Mortimer, Raymond, 5, 279 284 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 177 epistemology of, 11-12,26,30,199,201, Muir, Edward, 14 218, 221-5; consciousness in, 224 Murray, James, 0if",.d Ertglish Dittitmary, ethics of, 29, 30, 44, 205-6, 226-36, 244; 55 meaning of good in, 182, 229-30, Murry, John Middleton, 14, 211 260-1, 284; means and ends in, 12, Myers, F. W. H., 110 227-9, 260-2 Mysticism, and Bloomsbury Group, 12, Forster and, 162, 184, 217, 221, 226-7, 18, 26, 191, 204-5, 229-30; and 236, 243 Dickinson, 161; and Forster, 110;and Fry and, 217,230,234,237,252,254 Fry, 230, 252; and McTaggart, 161, Ideal of, 25, 30, 182, 231-6 190-1; and Moore, 229-30; and Keynes and, 161,214-18,220,226,227, Russell, 204-5; and L. Woolf, 131-3; 230, 231-2, 235, 244, 260-2, 285 and V. Woolf, 23 MacCarthy and, 217, 221, 224, 243, 254-5 Natiort, 13, 16, 279 McTaggart and, 182, 187-92,216,217, Neo-Platonism, 12, 25, 132, 163, 230 222, 227, 236 New ~rterg, 147, 199,205, 224 method of, 148-9, 218-21, 225, 230 New StaJtJ1rtIUI, 13, 16, 279 organic unity, conception of, 184, 199, Newbo1dt, Henry, 141 228, 230, 233-5, 260 Nicolson, Harold, 5-6, 236 Russell and, 195-202,205-6,210, Nietzsche, Friedrich, 183 214-15, 216-17, 218-19, 221-3, Nightingale, Florence, 85 226, 229, 236, 280, 285-6 Nineteenth century, 105-6; see also Sidgwick and, 167-9, 216-17, 236 Victorian Age Stracheyand, 116-17, 168, 171, 174, Nineties poets, 141,267 310 Index

Norton, H . T . J ., 110, 174 Quack, Quack!, see Woolf, L. Novalis , 132 Quakers, 22-4, 63-4, 71,280 Novel Club, 279 Quiller-Couch, Arthur, OxfordBook of English Verse , 141 Omar Khayyarn, RulHiiyat, 130, 139 Omega Workshops, 31-2, 65 Racine, Jean, 127, 130 Orwell, George, 98 Raleigh, Walter, 126-7, 136; Apostle OxfordEnglish DictU;"'2ry, 55, 163 paper, 171, 175; Sgle , 126,258 Oxford Movement, 109 Ramsey, Frank P., 164, 185-6, 198; Oxford Un iversity, 30, 32, 116, 125-6, Apostle paper, 174-5 -162, 172, 188 Ransom, John Crowe, 14 Raverat, Gwen, Period Piece, 74 Pacifism, 23, 33, 100,203,206,211,280 Raverat, Jacques, 74 Palgrave, Francis Turner, Golden Treasury , Read, Herbert, 14 141 Realism, se« Philosophical Realism Pascal, Blaise, 127 Rembrandt, Harmensz van Rijn, 79, 269 Passage to India, A, Stt Forster Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 198 Passmore, John, 202, 285 Richards, I. A., 125,237; Complemenumties; Pater, Clara, 32, 99 191,237 Pater, Walter, 29-32, 151, 154-5, 157, Richardson, Dorothy, 285 203, 224, 273, 280; Marius the Richardson, Samuel, 127 Epicurean, 144, 252; Miscellaneous Rilke, Rainer Maria, 14 Studies, 154; Renaissance , 30, 46, 154, Rimbaud, Arthur, 132 281 Ritchie, Anne Thackeray, 75, 78, 144,282 Patmore, Coventry, Angel in the House, 82 Romantic poets, 127,267 Peacock , Thomas Love, 127, 130,258 Romanticism, 33 Peano, Giuseppe, 198 Rosenbaum, S. P., TheBloomsbury Group:A Pearson, Karl, 112, 286; Grammar ofScience, Collection !if Memoirs, Commentary, and 112,253 Criticism , 3 Phenomenology, 26, 253, 280 Rothblatt, Sheldon, 282 Phillips, Stephen, 153 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 67, 127 Philosophical Realism, 26, 125, 186, Ruskin, John, 30, 32,42, 127, 143, 154, 195-202,221-5 155,243,282; naturalistic fallacy, 229 Pindar,268 Russell, Bertrand, 176, 186, 193-213,229, Plato, Platonism, and Bloomsbury Group, 285 12,25,29,33,120,132,138,199-200, Apostles and, 164, 170-1, 173-5, 249, 253, 259, 262, 280; and 193-6,208-9, 210-11,244,284; Cambridge philosophy, 163, 178, 183, papers for, 194-5; see also writings 190, 199-200,204,205,207; and Bloomsbury Group, members, and, 6, Moore , 216, 219,222,226,230,232; 157,180,193-213,244,285; seealso see also nee-Platonism Russell and Forster, Fry , Keynes, Plotinus, 163, 181 L. Woolf, and V. Woolf Poggioli, Renate, 279 Dickinson and, 180, 182, 203 Pollock, Frederick, 170 Forster and , 201, 204, 208, 209-10, 212 Pope, Alexander, 53, 54, 125, 127, 130, Fry and, 194, 198,202,203,208,212, 134, 245, 267 242,286 Porson, Richard, 118 Keynes and, 161, 174, 196,208,209, Post-impressionism, 12, 15, 224; 212,214,285 exhibitions of, 30, 149, 152 McTaggart and, 187-8, 189, 191, 195, Pound, Ezra , 17, 139 198, 203, 205, 206 Praed,Winthrop Mackworth, 143 Moore and , 195-202,205-6,210, Pre-Raphaelites, 30, 32 214-15,216-17,218-19,221-3, Proust, Marcel, 32, 252 226, 229, 236, 280, 285-6 Puritanism, 11,21-2,89, 109-10 philosophy, conception of, 164, Index 311

197-202,213; realism in, 26, Scrutiny , 49 195-202, 221-5; moral, social, Shakespeare, William, 99, 127, 129, 130, political, 193, 197,202-9,232 131, 138, 151,257,267,270; Globe Stracheyand, 197, 199,207-12 edition of, 123; King Lear, 260; Othello, Woolf, L., and, 196-7,208,212-13,247 126, 259; Tempest, 97, 257-8; Twelfth Woolf,V., and, 194, 199-200,201,202, Night,220 208, 212 Shaw, George Bernard, 31, 130, 146, writings: 204; Amberley Papers , 212; 152-4, 228; Arms and the Man, 153; Ana{)'sis ofMatter, 202; Ana{)'sis of Back to Methuselah, 153; Heartbreak Mind, 202; Authoriry and the House, 153 Individual, 207; Autobiography, 174, Shelley, Percy Bysshe , 130, 138, 178, 183; 193-4,202,206,209-10,213,220; Cenci, 128; Epipsychidion, 41; Prometheus 'Autobiography', 196; Basic Unbound, 128 Writings, 195, 204; Cambridge Essays, Sheppard, J . T. , 114, 172, 250, 256, 269, 195; ContJIUst of Happiness, 194; 283, 284; 'King's or Trinity? ', 114, ' Elements of Ethics', 205; ' Free 283 Man's Worship', 203-4; Freedom Sidgwick, Henry, 24, 40, 91, 110, 123, 185, and Organization, 207; History of 216,231,283,284,286; and the Western Philosophy, 213, 285; Apostles, 24, 167-71,251; Memoir, Introduction to Mathematical 168-9; Methods ofEthics, 167-8; Philosophy, 212; 'My Mental Principles of Political Economy, 169 Development', 198,211,212,222; Significant form, 29, 32-3, 125, 152 My Philosophical Development, 193, Sitwell , Edith, 14 197,200,213; ' Mysticism and Sitwell family , 5 Logic', 204-5; Our Knowledge of the Skidelsky, Robert, 285 External World, 201-2, 206, 286; Smith, D. Nichol, 123 Outline of Philosophy , 202; Smollet, Tobias, 134 Philosophical Essays , 205; Smyth, Ethel, 5, 130 ' Philosophy of Bergson ', 201; Socialism, 11,27,180,207-8 Portraits from MmlDry, 120, 187-8, Society for Psychical Research, 110 210; Principia Mathematica, 196, 198; Society, The, seeApostles, The Cambridge Principles of Mathematics , 194, 196, Socrates, 149, 189,219,220,266 206; Principles of Social Reconstruction, Sophocles, 120, 183 203, 206-9; Problems of Philosophy, Speaker, 279 200-1 ,224; 'Reply to Criticisms', Spencer, Herbert, 40, 219, 231 206; Sceptical Essays, 202; Scientific Spenser, Edmund, 130, 138,268 OUliook , 202; 'Seems Madam? Nay , Spilka , Mark, 78, 282 It Is', 195; 'Study of Mathematics', Spinoza, Benedict, de, 189, 191, 192,207, 199-200,203 220,285-6 Russell , Lad y John, 212 Steele, Richard, 136 Russell, Lord John, 203 Stein, Gertrude, 14 Rutherford, Mark, 281 Stephen, Adrian, 4, 77, 115,270 Stephen, Caroline Ernelia , 23, 59, 71, 129, Sackville-West, Vita, 5-6, 212, 214 142, 279-80 St Paul , 226 Stephen family , 55-7, 59, 61-2,73,77-94, St Paul's School, 101, 104-5, 155 96-7,99, 128, 142, 144,212,247; Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Augustin, 48 houses of, 70, 92-4 Saintsbury, George, 220 Stephen, J. K., 78, 142-3, 184-5, 282-3; Salisbury, Lord , 273 'To R.K.',142-3 Sanger, Charles Percy , 174, 185-6 Stephen, James (L. Stephen's father), 42, Santayana, George, 205, 224; My Host, the 89, 142,282 World, 112-13 Stephen, James (L. Stephen's Sassoon, Siegfried , 211 grandfather), 281; Memoirs of James Scott, Walter, 99, 127, 130, 144 Stephen , 56 312 Index

Stephen, james Fitzjames, 28, 42, 52-3, Literature', 124; style of, 45, 179; 134, 142; Liberty, Equality, Fratmsity, 41 'Thoughts on Criticism by a Critic', Stephen, julia Duckworth, 32, 56, 78-9, 42; 'Wordsworth's Ethics', 46 81-6,92-4,282; writings of, 84-5, Stephen, Thoby (T . Stephen), 54-5, 78, 282; Notesfrom Sick Rooms, 85 101, 102, 130, 140 Stephen, julian Thoby, see Stephen, Bell, C., and 129, 245, 246, 283 Thoby Bloomsbury Group and, 142, 162, 173, Stephen, Katherine, 142, 247 246,248-9,250,271,283; see also Stephen, Leslie (L. Stephen), 32, 35-7, L. Stephen and C. Bell 73-4,78,82,94,98-9,105-6,124-5, Cambridge and, 116, 118-19, 129, 173, 134, 142, 148, 155,221,232,281 248-9,271 biographer and autobiographer, as, 35, writings:'A Cockney's Farming 51-7; see also writings Experiences', 50; Compulsory Chapel, Bloomsbury Group and, 33-4, 35-7, 263-4 124,145,151,249,264,283; see als« Sterne, Laurence, 47, 134 Stephen and MacCarthy, Strachey, Stevenson, Robert Louis, 35, 99, 126, I'll, L. Woolf, and V. Woolf 143, 150, 155 Cambridge and, 88, 89, 109-10, III , Strachey, Dorothy, see Bussy, Dorothy 115,117,142,156,165,167,185, Strachey family, 59,65, 73,96-7 221,283 Strachey, james, 5, 65, 173, 174, 197, 250, historian, as, 35, 43-5, 163; see also 268-9 writings Strachey, jane, 59, 96-7,116; 'Some literary criticism of, 35, 41-2, 45-51, Recollections of a Long Life' , 58 124, 127; SIt also writings Strachey, Lytton, 27, 29, 30-1, 47-8, 55, MacCarthy and, 37, 49-50,52 94-7, 146, 153, 156,245 philosophy of, II, 24, 189; eth ics of, 35, Apostles and , 118, 165, 166, 167, 170-5, 38-42; see also writings 197, 244, 250, 255, 256, 263, 284; Strachey and, 37, 39, 52, 125, 136 papen for, 173-4,256-8,263; Sll Woolf, L., and, 35, 37, 43, 67, 189 also writings Woolf, V., and, 35-8,41,45,48-9, Bloomsbury Group, members, and, 1,4, 50-I, 53, 55, 78, 84-94, 98-9, 12, 129, 133, 148-50, 173, 242, 105-6, 236, 277, 282 245-6, 248-9, 250, 256, 268-9, writings: Agnostic's Apology, 46, 67, 79; 270, 271, 273-4; see also Strachey Alexander Pope, 134; Clark lectures, and Keynes, L. Woolf, and 123-5; Dictionary ofNational V. Woolf Biography , 44, 54-5, 124; English Cambridge and, 110, 115-18, 121,256; Literature and Society in tire Eighteentlr reading at , 127-8, 133, 136-7, Cnzlury, 43, 45, 46; English 138-9, 146, 152-4, 156; SIt also Utilitarians , 43; Essays in Freethinking writings and Plainspeaking ; 38; essays of, 31, education of, 101, 126, 128, 136 154; History ofEnglish Thought in the family, 65, 69; family house of, 92-7; see Eighteenth Century, 43-4; Hours in a also writings Library, 33, 39,47,48,50,51,52, history and, 19,44, 116-17 106, 155; Life qf Henry Fawcett, Keynes and, 12, 39, 173-4, 244, 260 52-3; Life of SirJames Fit~ames McTaggart and, 186-7, 189,273 Stephen, 52-3; Mausoleum Book, 36, Moore and, 116-17, 168, 171, 174, 39, 55-6, 58, 78; 'Moral Element in 216-17,219,220-1,225,256-7 Literature', 47; 'New Biographica philosophy and, 25, 228, 232, 258 Britannica', 54; Robert Louis Russell and, 173-4, 197, 199,207-12 Stevenson, 143; Science of Ethics , 40-1, Stephen, L., and, 37, 39, 52, 125, 136 89; Sketches from Cambridge bya Don, Woolf, L., and, 131, 132-3, 161-2,246, 115, 117; Some Early Impressions , 40, 248, 260, 268 56, 109; Studies ofa Biographer , 42, Woolf, V., and, 10, II , 12,92,94, 150, 51, 148; 'Study of English 248-9,272 Index 313

writings: 9-10, II, 13, 29, 204, 262; Sunday Essay Society, 164, 234, 273 'Adrian', 270; aphorisms, 117; Sunday Times, 13, 16 Apostle paper on death, 258; Surtees, R. S., 128 autobiographical dialogues, 273; Swedenborg, Emanuel, 132 biographical essays, 52; Swift, Jonathan, 39, 53 biographies, 95, 120; Boob and Swinburne, Algernon, 29, 30, 31, 139-40, C/umulers, 10-11, 14; review of 154,247,266,267; 'Dolores', 4, 139; Cambridge MOtUm History, 117; 'The Garden of Proserpine', 139, character writing, 120, 225; 'Hymn to Proserpine', 139, 'Hertha', CluJrtuters and Commentaries, 47-8; 139 'Christ or Caliban?', 257-8, 259; Sydney-Turner, Saxon, 59; and Apostles, criticism, 50, 278; 'Diary of an 172, 173; and Bloomsbury Group, 4, Athenian', 272; 'Death of Milo', 118-19, 133, 149,244, 246, 248-9, 269; dialogues, 272-3; Dulce of 268-9,271; and Cambridge, 115, 128, Femuo; 271-2; 'Ely: An Ode', 268; 138-9, 265, 278 Eminent Victorians, 12, 18,44,47,52, Symbolists, 267 58,74,96,100-1,110,117,136, Symonds,John Addington, 29, 31-2, 35, 170, 209, 211, 225; English essays, 91, 154, 155-6, 254, 283; A Problem 131, 135-7; 'English Letter in ModemEthics, 156 Writers', 136-7; 'Etude quasi Sadiste', 270; 'First and Last Will and Testament', 273; 'From the Tacitus, Cornelius, 44 Persian', 267; Hastings Taoism, 252 dissertation, 118, 136; Herrick Taylor, Jeremy, 203 parody, 267; homosexual satires, Tennyson, Alfred, 88, 116, 125, 131, 134, 273-4; 'In Arcady', 270; 139-40, 141, 143,268, 273; In 'Inscription for a Piss-Pot', 270; Memoriam, 190 Iphigmia in Ardis, 274; Iphigmia in Thackeray, William Makepeace, 35, 42, Taurus, 274; James pastiches, 148, 48, 75, 116, 128, 134; BookofStUJbs, 273; 'Lancaster Gate', 94-7; 275; Ptndennis, 100; Vani!y Fair, 99 Landmarbin Freru;h Literature, 14, 15, Theocritus, 131 25,29,44, 121,200; letters, 147, Theophrastus, CluJrtulers, 120, 274 210; Lytton Strachey by Himself, 126, Thomson, Francis, 141 273; 'Menage it Trois', 270; Thornton family, 69-73, 96 Midnight Society sermon, 273; Thornton, Henry, 71, Enquiry intotheNature Othello, 126; 'Ought the Father to and Elfects of the Paper Credit in Great Grow a Beard?', 256-7; 'The Britain, 71; FamilyPrayers, 71 Penultimates', 267; plays, 8, 270-4; Thornton, Marianne, 69-73; poetry, 8, 265, 267-70, 286-7; 'Recollections', 59; see also Forster, Portraits in Miniature, 117, 241; writings 'Quaestiones Gothicae', 173; Quem Three Guineas, see Woolf, V. Victoria, 10; The ReallyInteresting Thucydides, 44 Question, 170, 272-3; Rembrandt Times Literary Supplemmt, 144, ISO, 282 sonnet, 269; Robert Alisoun, 272; Tit-Bits, 51 sonnets, 267, 269-70; Stephen To the Lighthouse, see Woolf, V. lecture on Pope, 125; Sunday Essay Tolstoy, Leo, 14, 145,220; What Is Art?, 9, Society dialogue, 273; Tennyson 32,234 parody,269; Tibenus, 270-1; 'When Tomlinson, Bishop George, 171 is a Drama Not a Drama?', 271-2 Tourneur, Cyril, 130 Strachey, Marjorie, 5 Trevelyan, G. M., 117,273; and Apostles, Strachey, Richard, 59,96-7 171, 173,242,257,259,284; Poetry and Strindberg, August, 148; The Father, 153 Philosophy ofGeorge Meredith, 140 Style, Cambridge philosophical, 179, 188, Trevelyan, R. C., 117, 141, 171, 178, 182 204 Trilling, Lionel, 183 314 Index

Trinity College, Sit Cambridge Whitman, Walt, 139-40, 156,246,267; Turgenev, Ivan, 145, 177 Cal4mus poems, 140 Turner, Saxon Sydney-, Sit Wilde, Oscar, 29, 30, 31, 141, 142, 149, Sydney-Turner, Saxon 153, 154,254;Sal~, 153;SoulofMan uruler Socialism, 155; Woman ofNo Utilitarianism, 11,21,24-6,28,33, Importanee, 153 39-40,42, 161-3, 205, 258; and Wilkinson, L. P., 283 Moore, 167-8,216,228, 231 Williams, Raymond, 280 Wilson, J. Dover, 52 Vaughan Williams, Ralph, 112 Wilson, Woodrow, 262-3 Vaughan, Emma, 32, 155 Wingfield-Stratford, Esme, 283 Verrall, A. W., 120, 167, 170,275; Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 10, 121, 164, 200, Euripides the RatioMiist, 120, 274 210; Investigations, 6 Victoria, Queen, 61, 68, 72, 75, 220 Women in Love, see Lawrence, D. H. Victorian Age, 58, 68, 95, 105-6, 146, 154, Women's movement, 15, 17,27-8,34,83, 230,247 151, 203, 208, 276-8 Victorian family and school visions of Woolf, Bella, 133 Bloomsbury Group, 58-106 Woolffamily, 59, 61-2, 65, 66-9, 96, 109 Victorian intellectual origins of Woolf, Leonard (L. Woolf), 16, 22, 27, Bloomsbury Group, 21-34 66-9, 72, 104-5, 106, 281 Voltaire, 127, 130,244 anti-semitism and, 213, 247-8, 266-7 Vl!Jlage Out, The, see Woolf, V. Apostles and, 148-9, 165, 169, 172, Wagner, Richard, 118 196-7,248,259; papers for, 131, Waley, Arthur, 5 258-60 Walpole, Horace, 136 Bloomsbury Group, members, and, 1,3, Walpole, Hugh, 236 4,6,24,25, 104, 118-19, 128-9, War, First World, 2, 4-5, 83, 100, 152, 142,225,231,245,246-7,259-60, 176,177,180,193-4,203,206,211, 279; see also L. Woolf and Keynes, 215,277 Strachey, and V. Woolf War, Second World, 4, 73,81, 203 Cambridge and, 106, 115-16, 118-19, Ward, Humphry, 141 131, 187, 189,246-8; reading at, Ward, Mrs Humphry, 93, 144, 273 119,128,138-9, I'll, 143-5, 147, Warre-Cornish, Blanche, 74-5; 148-50, 151, 152, 154 COnUshitulQ, 74-5 education of, 101, 104-5· Warre-Cornish family, 73-4,97 Keynesand,215,244,247,248,259,260 Warre-Cornish, Francis, 73-4 Moore and, 24, 104, 132, 141, 148-9, Waste Land, The, see Eliot, T. S. 196,215-17,219-21,226,231,235, Waterlow, Sydney, 148, 226 247, 259-60 . Watts, G. F., 91, 94 Russell and, 196-7,208,212-13,247 Watts, Isaac, 281 Stephen, L., and, 35, 37, 43, 67 Webb, Beatrice, 180 Stracheyand, 131, 132-3, 161-2, 246, Webb, Sidney, 180 248, 260, 268, 271 Webster, John, 130; Duchess ofMalfi, 128, Woolf, V., and, 13,67-8, 1M, 130, 142, 271 153, 220, 247, 248 Wedd, Nathaniel, 112, 167, 171, 183, 187, writings: 10,31, 116,203; 'A Failure', 242, 252 266; After the Deluge, 43, 116, 179; Wells, H. G., 14, 83, IH, 2&4-5 Apostle papers, 131,258-60; Wendell, Barrett, 263 autobiographies, 59, 66-9, 246-8; Westcott, Brooke Foss, 252 Beginning Again, 3, 6, 66, 115,225; Whichelo family, 70 biographical essays, 52; Byron Whistler, James McNeill, 29, 252 essay, 131; 'The C Minor', 266; Whitehead, Alfred North, 164, 167, 171, character-writing, 120, 275; 174, 195, 284; Pnnapia MatlumaJica, 'Classical Education and 196 Literature', 119; dialogue, 131; Index 315

education essays, 119, 131; Pater and, 30, 32, 144, 154, 280 Doumhill All tJuWay, 4-5; 'Embryos philosophy, and, 25,26, 161-2, 178-9, or Abortions?', 259-60; English 183, 185, 189-91, 286; seealso essays, 131-3; fiction, 7, 15, 144, V. Woolf and Moore, Russell 228; 'George or George or Both?', reading of, 44, 48-51, 99-100, 129-30, 259,284; Growing, 67, 143-4; 140-2, 143, 144-7, 148-51, 153, James parodies, 148-9; Jewish 154,155 pawnbroker poem, 266-7; journey Russell and, 194, 199-200,201,202, Not the ArrivalMatters, 25; Judas 208, 212 poem, 266; Lucian poem, 266; Stephen, Julia, and, 78-9, 81-6, 92-4 Lucretius essay, 131; mysticism Stephen, L., and, 35-8, 41, 45, 48-9, writings, 132-3,283; pastoral 50-1,53,55,78,84-94,98-9, poetry essay, 131; poetry, 265-71; 105-6, 236, 277, 282 Priru:ipia Politica, 66; Quack, Quack!, Woolf, L., and, 13,67-8, 1M, 130, 142, 264; 'Quaestiones Gothicae', 173; 153, 220, 247, 248 Shakespeare essay, 231; Sowing, 18, writings: 3, 8-9, 10, 11, 13-14, 16-17, 67-9, 104, 106, 115, 119, 127-9, 44, 116, 262, 281-2; 142,145,148-9,151,152,169,187, autobiographies (see also Memoir 196-7,215,226,246-8,259; Village Club papers, Moments ofBeing, in thtjungle, 10; Wise Virgins, 10,62, 'Reminiscences', 'Sketch of the 69 Past'), 56-7, 60, 77-94; Between the Woolf, Marie, 66-9, 78-9 Acts, 12, 118; biographies and Woolf, Sidney, 66-9, 72 biographical essays, 52, 78, 120; Woolf, Virginia (V. Woolf), 6, 16-17, character-writing, 120, 275; 36-7,67-8,77-94,97,98-100 children's stories, 85, 282; aesthetics, aestheticism, and, 14,29-30, 'Cockney's Farming Experiences' 32, 79-81, 125; see also V. Woolf and sequel, 50; Collected Essays, 31, and Moore, Pater, L. Stephen 52, 53, 109-10, 126, 143, 145, 146, Apostles and, 165, 166-7,248-9,254, 147, 150, 151; Common Reader, 10, 276-8 37,45,91, 179,282; Contemporary Bell, V., and, 5, 51, 65, 199 Writers, 147; criticism, 45, 50; Bloomsbury Group, members, and, 1,4, diaries, 31, 54, 77,80-1,85,92, 5,24,65,83, 118-19, 129-30, 135, 150,165,178-9,194,281-2; essays 136, 149-50, 156, 162-3, 199,244, (see also biographical essays), 31, 248-50, 254, 262, 272, 276-8, 280, 52,85, 120; Flush, 13; Haunted 282; see also V. Woolf and Forster, House, 276; 'Henry James's Latest L. Woolf, and writings Novel', 149; 'Hours in a Library', Cambridge and, 48, 88, 110, 112-13, 129-30, 143; jacob's Room, 12, 114, 116,117-18,121,123,126,129-31, 116,225,241; 'Lady Ritchie', 78, 162-3, 185,214,236-7,248-9, 282; 'Leaning Tower', 53, 162-3; 260; see also V. Woolf and 'Leslie Stephen', 45, 86; letters, 10, philosophy, writings 27,85,99, 119, 131, 136, 142, 144, education of, 98-100, 129-32 148,150,153,155,178,179,214; family, 22, 23, 59, 61-2, 70, 77, 94, 97, Memoir Club papers (see also 98-100, 279-80; house symbolism Moments of Being), 77, 85, 242, of, 71,90-4,97; see also V. Woolf 248-9; 'Method of Henry James', and V. Bell, L. Stephen 149-50; 'Modem Essay', 155; feminism and, 8-9, 14,27-8,45,82-3, Moments ofBeing (see also 'Old 100, 110, 276-8; see also writings Bloomsbury', 'Reminiscences', Forster and, 4, II, 12, 114, 125, 150, 'Sketch of the Past' and '22 Hyde 151, 185,276 Park Gate'), 78, 281; Monday or Moore and, 144,214,224-5,226, Tuesday, 276; Mr. Bennett and Mrs. 236-7,281 Brown, 29-30, 80; Mrs. Dalloway, moments and, 30-1, 79-81, 190-1 78; Night and Day, 10, 78, 199-200; 316 Index

Woolf, Virginia (tontd) To the Lighthouse, 10, 18,25,36,81, obituary of Lady Strachey, 96; 'Old 83,85,91,94, 139,282; '22 Hyde Bloomsbury', 6, 93-5, 110, 248-9; Park Gate', 92-4; V/!1age Out, 10, 'One of Our Great Men', 119; 12, 15, 25, 51, 85, 140, 278; Waves, Orlando, 55, 250; 'Phases of Fiction', 80,94, 179,241,263; 'Women and 150; 'Reminiscences' (see also Fiction',55; Years, 82 MommtsofBeing),56, 77, 79,82,83, Wordsworth, William, 24, 39, 42, 99, 116, 85, 100; review of Mary 127,252 MacCarthy, 74; Roger Fry, 53, Wright, Aldis, 123 63-6, 101-2, 156, 179, 185, 190, Wright, Orville and Wilbur, 168 191-2,203,241,242,254,282; Room of Otu's OWll, 12, 18, 25, 91, 'X' Society, 128, 246, 271 113, 118, 121,241, 260, 277; 'Sketch of the Past' (see alsoMoments of Being), 36-7,48-9,56,60,74, Yeats, William Butler, 92, 141, 154, 161, 77, 79-81, 83,85-92, 106, 236-7, 237; 'A Bronze Head', 189 248,281,282; 'A Society', 276-8; Young, G. M., 22 Three GuilU4S, 82, 100, 185, 202, 264,277; TLS reviews, 91, 278, 282; Zola, Emile, 260