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Fromthe Lighthouse to Monk's House:A Guide to Virginia Woolf's LiteraryLandscapes byKatherine C. Hill-Miller. Our systems have detected unusualtraffic activityfromyour network. Please complete this reCAPTCHA to demonstrate that it's youmakingthe requests and not a robot. Ifyouare havingtrouble seeingor completingthis challenge, this page mayhelp. Ifyoucontinue to experience issues, youcancontact JSTOR support.

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HILL-MILLER, Katherine C(ecelia) HILL-MILLER, Katherine C(ecelia). American, b. 1949. Genres:Writing/Journalism, Language/Linguistics. Career:KingsboroughCommunity College ofthe CityUniversityofNew York, Brooklyn, NY, adjunct lecturer inEnglish, 1972-73; College ofWilliamand Mary, Williamsburg, VA, assistant professor ofEnglish, 1978-80; LongIsland University, C.W. Post Center, Greenvale, NY, assistant professor, 1980-84, associate professor, 1984-89, professor ofEnglish, 1989-. UniversityofBonn, guest lecturer, spring, 1986. Publications:(withS. Weidenborner) Writing Effective Paragraphs, 1974; The BantamBook ofSpelling, 1986; MyHideous Progeny:MaryShelley, WilliamGodwin, and the Father-Daughter Relationship, 1995; Fromthe Lighthouse to Monk's House:A Guide to Virginia Woolf's LiteraryLandscapes. Work represented inanthologies. Address:Department ofEnglish, C.W. Post Campus, LongIsland University, 720 NorthernBlvd, Brookville, NY 11548-1300, U.S.A. Online address:[emailprotected]

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BloggingWoolf. FocusingonVirginia Woolfand the BlooomsburyGroup. Springbreak onthe beachat St. Ives. Friday18 March2011 byPaula Maggio. Technically, I’monspringbreak. I have had a break fromteachingand preparingfor classes, but I haven’t gone anywhere. No sun, no sand, no waves ticklingmytoes.

So I pushed mycurrent project aside and took a three-minute beachbreak inSt. Ives, Cornwall, where Virginia Woolfspent her summers untilthe age of12.

Joinme there now. I’ve got the sunscreen. Share this: Like this: 4 Responses. […] Springbreak onthe beachat St. Ives Rate this:Share this:Like this:LikeBe the first to like this. […] […] Springbreak onthe beachat St. Ives […] Kathy, thanks for the information. IfI ever get back to St. Ives, I willdo mybest to follow your advice. I’llalso add this informationto the InHer Steps page.

I have read your book, and I recommend it to anyone interested infollowinginWoolf’s footsteps. Needless to say–utterlyjealous! But while you’re inSt. Ives, be sure to take the walk to TrenCrom, whichVirginia made manytimes withfather and family. Youcanfind the route inmybook Fromthe Lighthouse to Monk’s House:A Guide to Virginia Woolf’s LiteraryLandscapes (Duckworth, 2001). The best place to beginis at the Badger Inn, where Virginia spent Christmas in1909. (It was thenknownas the Lelant Hotel.) The round trip willtake severalhours, but it’s worthit. Have fun! KathyHill-Miller.

Julia Stephen:FromFreshwater BayTo The Lighthouse. Pityhas no creed. We are bound to these sufferers bythe tie ofsisterhood and while life lasts we willhelp, soothe, and, ifwe can, love them. Womenare not allblind followers ofmen. Theyhave power to think as well, and theywillnot weakentheir power ofhelpingand lovingby fearlesslyowningtheir ignorance whentheyshould be convinced ofit. Womenshould not reject religionmerelybecause theydesire to please men. Manand womanhave equalrights but withdifferent areas ofinfluence. Womendo not stand onthe same ground as menwithregard to work, thoughwe are far fromallowingthat our work is lower or less important thantheirs, but we ought and do claimthe same equalityofmorals. [1]

Whenaunt Julia Margaret Cameron(1815-1879) took analbumenprint ofher ‘favourite niece’, Mrs Herbert Duckworth, the year was 1867 and Mrs Duckworthhad beenmarried for less thana year. She was bornJulia Jackson, and her image would go downinthe annals ofhistoryas one ofthe great beauties, but little is knownofthis mysterious woman. Animage captured ina moment bya familymember would launchinfinite mysteryand curiosity.

Julia Jacksonand Mia Jackson, bythe LondonPhotographic Company. Albumenprint, c. 1867. NationalPortrait Gallery, London, UK. She was bornJulia Prinsep Jacksonon7 February1846 inCalcutta, India, the daughter ofDr. JohnJacksonand Maria Theodosia Pattle, youngest sister ofJulia Margaret Cameron. The Prinsep name enters the frame whenanother aunt, SarahPattle, married HenryThobyPrinsep (1792-1878). She became cousinto their sonValentine CameronPrinsep. Julia and her mother – knownas ‘Mia’ -stayed withSarahand Thoby Prinsep from1848 untilDr. Jacksonreturned to England in1855. The matriarchofthe familymoved theminto Brent Lodge, Hendon, while Julia was educated at home, becomingher mother’s nurse and companion. The Jacksons lived at Brent Lodge for tenyears and the storygoes that a young, 21 year-old beauty, Julia Jackson, paid a visit to her cousins at Little Holland House where she met a 34 year-old barrister named Herbert Duckworth. She later admitted that part ofher attractionto himwas his straightforwardness withher. He stood out amongthe other menwho ‘attempted’ to court her; namely, sculptor Thomas Woolner and painter WilliamHolmanHunt.

Julia and Herbert DuckworthbyOscar Rejlander, 1867. Leslie Stephen’s PhotographAlbum, plate 33a. Mortimer Rare Book Room, Smith College.

Mr. and Mrs. Duckworthwere married for three years. Theywere devoted to eachother, rarelyapart – ‘the greatest happiness that canfallto the lot ofa woman’ [2] – until, inSeptember 1870, while Herbert was attemptingto pick a ripe figfroma tree branch, anundiagnosed internal abscess burst and he died. Julia Duckworthlaygrievingfor hours onher husband’s grave at Orchardleigh. She gave birthto their son, Gerald Duckworth, sixweeks later at the age oftwenty-four. She went frombeingrestrained and undemonstrative to no longer being‘inclined to optimism’, takingona ‘melancholyview oflife’. She would describe her loss usingone simple word:‘shipwreck’. ‘The world was clothed indrab, shrouded ina crape-veil’. [3]

Julia Stephenand Gerald Duckworth, byOscar Rejlander, c. 1871. Leslie Stephen’s PhotographAlbum, plate 34. Mortimer Rare Book Room, SmithCollege.

The fact that Julia was a youngmother would help sustainher. Herbert’s resultingloss left Julia witha lifelongneed to help those sufferingpain, illness, and loss ofanykind. She adopted a stoicismthat onlythose inher inner circle would observe and comment on. She rejected Christianity and beganreadingarticles bya mannamed Leslie Stephenabout agnosticism, whichbrought her muchcomfort. Leslie was married to Minny Thackeray, the daughter ofnovelist WilliamMakepeace Thackeray, and Julia developed a stronglifelongfriendship withMinny’s sister Anny Thackeray.

Harriet Marian(“Minny”) ThackerayStephenand Leslie Stephen, 1867. Leslie Stephen’s PhotographAlbum, plate 35d. Mortimer Rare Book Room, SmithCollege.

Accordingto Leslie’s letters, it was Julia’s remote and reserved approachthat he first noticed about her. She met his practicaland emotional needs. Caringfor Leslie fulfilled her nursingvocationas wellas a need for safety, companionship and appreciation. He later described a winter’s eveningwhenhe and Minnywere sittingat home ‘inperfect happiness’. Julia looked inand found them‘so happytogether that she thought the presence ofa desolate widow incongruous, and left us to returnto her ownsolitaryhearth’. [4] It should not be surprisingthat Julia was visitingthe Stephenfamily, since she was a friend ofthe Thackerays, goingback to her days at Little Holland House. It was Julia who helped Annykeep her manuscripts inorder and did copyingwork for her. Julia said ofAnny, ‘she helped me into some sort ofshelter and made things more realto me again’ [5] whenher husband died. Sadly, it was that night, after Julia’s visit, that Minnywent into severe convulsions and suffered what todaywe would calleclampsia. She died onNovember 28, 1875.

Leslie, Annyand Laura moved from8 SouthwellGardens to 11 Hyde Park Gate SouthinJune 1876, whenLeslie inherited it fromMinny. Julia helped her new neighbours settle in. She had just moved from90 Redcliffe Gardens into 13 Hyde Park Gate. It was duringthis period that Leslie Stephenwould refer to Julia Duckworthas his ‘savingangel’. He was indanger ofbecomingdepressed and a recluse. Julia recognised the signs of griefand spent allofher free time makingherselfavailable to Leslie’s everyneed. Their childrenplayed together and one year later, onJuly5, 1877, Leslie knew he was fallinginlove withJulia. He had papers drawnup namingJulia a household accountant ofsorts, evengivingher guardianship ofhis onlydaughter withMinny, Laura Makepeace Stephen(1870–1945), who was bornthree months premature and suffered from mentalretardation, accordingto Leslie’s letters. [6]

Leslie and Julia StepheninGrindelwald, Switzerland, 1889. ByGabrielLoppé. Leslie Stephen’s PhotographAlbum, plate 39e. Mortimer Rare Book Room, SmithCollege.

OnMarch26 1878, Leslie and Julia were married. EventhoughLaura was looked after bygovernesses ina separate part ofthe house, Julia had her committed to the Earlswood Asylumfor the Imbecile and Weak-Minded. Laura’s familyrarelyvisited her.

Evenwithperiods ofdifficultyintheir marriage, Leslie’s letters reveala harmonious domestic life surrounded bythe joyand happiness his children brought him. It was duringtheir marriage that Leslie became foundingeditor ofthe DictionaryofNationalBiography. He was a well-known editor, critic and biographer bythis time. Together theyhad four children:Vanessa (b. 1879), Thoby(b. 1880), Adeline (b. 1882), and Adrian(b. 1883). Thobywould become knownfor startingthe BloomsburyGroup, and his brother Adrianbecame anauthor, psychoanalyst and member of the group. Vanessa Stephenbecame Vanessa Bell, Englishpainter, interior designer and member ofthe group. The most well-knownofthe siblings was Adeline Stephen, who would become Virginia Woolf.

Julia Stephen, Grindelwald, Switzerland, 1889. ByGabrielLoppé. Leslie Stephen’s PhotographAlbum, plate 39c. Mortimer Rare Book Room, SmithCollege.

Duringtheir marriage, The StephenFamilylived at 22 Hyde Park, whichhad beenJulia’s house prior to her marriage. The childrencomplained about the cold, callingit ‘a regular mausoleum’. It was set ina gloomycul-de-sac across the street fromKensingtonGardens. Accordingto Virginia, ‘her mother sketched the plans ofthe house to save onarchitect’s fees’. The top ofthe house was where Leslie’s large study, library, and nurseries for their four childrencould be found. Vanessa remembers coalfires warmed the nurseries, makingthe house ‘verysnug, ifstuffy’ with‘a veryunhealthyatmosphere’. Windows were never opened. Onthe first floor, three bedrooms were reserved for the Duckworthchildrenas wellas the maritalbedroomand another nursery. The servants used the basement as their ownspace and the kitchenwas looked after bythe cook, Sophie Ferrell. Onthe ground floor youwould find the diningroomand large double roomopeningfrom‘a cheerfullittle room, almost entirely made ofglass witha skylight, windows allalongone side lookingonto the back garden.’ [7] A totalofsixteenpeople lived here and alldaily arrangements were supervised byJulia Stephen.

Whena lamp flares up inthe nursery; Ellen, the housemaid, is called, thenAnnie, the parlor maid, thenAdrian, ‘summoned his mater and Thoby’. Julia successfullydeals witheverysituationshowingexamples ofher energyand enthusiasm. She rises at 6 and ‘defied the burst pipes alone’. She is the kind ofpersonwho ‘sees gold under a coveringofcopper.’ Although, Julia is ‘anardent lover ofrats’ she wants a dogto rid her ofthe creatures that destroyher provisions; she adores birds and scatters crumbs to ‘entice the feathered favorites’. [8]

Accordingto Hyde Park Gate News , ‘there are trips to glass blowing, a ventriloquist, the pantomime, KensingtonPark, the Zoo, birthdayparties, plays, musicals, Gondola rides, skating, and anice carnivalinRegents Park.’ [9]

Talland House, c. 1882-1894. Plate 37c, Mortimer Rare Book Room, SmithCollege. Some ofthe happiest times were spent inSt. Ives, Cornwall, at Talland House, a retreat fromthe citywhere the familyspent summers from1882 to 1894, withvisits fromfriends and relatives. Incontrast to the Hyde Park townhouse, Talland House was fulloflight and warmth. Virginia looked back at her years here as ‘days ofpure enjoyment’. As childrentheyate cherries, cream, bread and jam, grapes, peaches, strawberryices, cake and chocolates and remembered the food most ofalllater inlife. The gardenwas divided into separate sections bythick sweet-smelling escallonia. Virginia explained how everysmallroomhad its ownfunction:the coffee garden, the cricket lawn, the Love Corner—covered inpurple jackmanii, the Fountain, the kitchengarden, the strawberrybeds, the pond, the Lookout place. Theyplayed endless games and activities. A neighbour at St. Ives described Julia’s childrenas, ‘talland fair, never mixingwithother children, almost like Gods and Goddesses.’ [10]

Julia Stephenwas always there to support her familyand friends. She nursed the sick and dying, travelled round Londonbybus visitinghospitals and workhouses, and was never afraid to speak out ‘onbehalfofworkhouse inmates whose half-pint beer allocationhad beenremoved by temperance campaigners’. [11] In1883 she published her book, Notes fromSick Rooms , a discussionofgood nursingpractice, which demonstrated attentionto detailand to language. Her Stories for Children, Essays for Adults’ was published in1987, consistingoftales she told her veryownchildren. Theywere stories that promoted the values offamilylife, includingkindness to animals, withtitles suchas ‘Cat’s Meat’, ‘The Monkeyonthe Moor’ and ‘The Black Cat or the GreyParrot’.

On5 May1895, Julia Stephendied at the age of49. Virginia Woolf’s memories ofher mother would remainpermanentlytangible. She wore a white dressinggownand next to her were great starrypurple passionflowers, the buds part empty, part full. She wore three rings diamond, emerald, and opalwithsilver bracelets that twisted and jingled as she laysleepless. Their sound meant that she would be comingto sooth her restless daughter tellingher ofrainbows and bells. She remembered how her mother held her verystraight. [12]

Julia’s finalwords to her thirteenyear-old daughter as she crept out ofthe door were, ‘Hold yourselfstraight, mylittle Goat’. [13] Julia Stephen, 1894. Plate 38k, Leslie Stephen’s PhotographAlbum. Mortimer Rare Book Room, SmithCollege. KimberlyEve (@musingswriter) is a writer and independent scholar witha focus onthe personallives ofartists and authors ofthe nineteenthcenturyand Victorianera. Her work is featured onher website, VictorianMusings.

Notes & references. Title image:Myniece Julia fullface, byJulia Margaret Cameron. Albumenprint, 1867, NationalPortrait Gallery, London, UK. [1] Julia DuckworthStephen(ed. Diane F. Gillespie & ElizabethSteele), Stories For Children, Essays For Adults (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse UniversityPress, 1987), 243.

[2] Stephen, Martin, Leslie Stephen, Leslie Stephen’s MausoleumBook , (ClarendonPress, 1977), 38. [3] GillianGill, Virginia Woolf:And the WomenWho Shaped Her World (HoughtonMifflinHarcourt, 2019), 143. [4] JohnW. Bicknell(ed.), Selected Letters ofLeslie Stephen. Volume 1:1864-1882, The DeathofMinny(Palgrave Macmillan, 1996), 162. [5] Stephen, Stories For Children, Essays For Adults , 7. [6] JohnW.Bicknell(Ed.), Selected Letters ofLeslie Stephen. Volume 1:1864-1882, The DeathofMinny( Palgrave Macmillan, 1996), 162. [7] J. H. Stape (ed.), Virginia Woolf:Interviews and Recollections (Palgrave Macmillan, 1995). 7. [8] Lowe et al., Versions ofJulia:Five BiographicalConstructions ofJulia Stephen, Volumes 41-47 (CecilWoolf, 2005), 37-38. [9] Lowe et al., Versions ofJulia , 38. [10] Hermione Lee, Virginia Woolf(Chatto + Windus, 1996), 26. [11] PallMallGazette , 4 October 1879. [12] Katherine Hill-Miller, FromThe Lighthouse To Monk’s House:A Guide to Virginia Woolf’s LiteraryLandscapes (BristolClassicalPress: 2003), 36.

[13] Jeanne Schulkind, Virginia Woolf:Moments ofBeing(Harcourt Brace & Company:New York:1985), 84.

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    Of Whom Should Virginia Woolf Have Been Afraid: A Study of her Traumatic Life." by Elizabeth Ronis “But I don’t want to go among mad people” Alice remarked. “Oh, you can’t help that,” said the Cat. “ We’re all mad here. I’m mad. You’re mad.” Alice in Wonderland; Lewis Carroll. I believe Carroll meant eccentric, not insane. Virginia Woolf was certainly eccentric but was she insane? Virginia Woolf holds a unique, if controversial place, in Twentieth Century literature. During her lifetime, she was known for her novels and essays and, posthumously, for her diaries and letters. She has become subject for endless numbers of biographies, reminiscences, and doctoral theses. Virginia and her husband Leonard were central figures in the Bloomsbury Group, which took its name from an area in Northeast London. It became the gathering place of friends who originally met at Cambridge. It included painters such as Vanessa Bell, Duncan Grant, (Dora) Carrington, the art critics Roger Fry and Clive Bell, Vanessa’s husband, the writer/ historian Lytton Strachey, his brother James and James’ wife Alix, the translators of Freud, writers E.M. Forster, T.S. Eliot, Saxon Sidney-Turner, and economist John Maynard Keyes and his wife Lydia Lopokova. Most of them became leading figures in the arts, literature, and government of that period. Writing about the Bloomsbury group became a cottage industry. The relationships among the members of the group were complicated, promiscuous, involving multiple partners and often homosexual or bisexual. Dorothy Parker said that the Bloomsbury group was comprised of pairs who had affairs in squares.
  • Virginia Woolf Miscellany, Issue 89, Spring 2016 and Issue 90, Fall 2017

    Virginia Woolf Miscellany, Issue 89, Spring 2016 and Issue 90, Fall 2017

    NUMBERS 89 and 90 SPRING 2016 AND FALL 2016 ISSUE 89, SPRING 2016 Read the VWM online on Wordpress! ISSUE 90, FALL 2016 TRULY MISCELLANEOUS <https://virginiawoolfmiscellany.wordpress. VIRGINIA WOOLF AND ILLNESS EDITOR: DIANA L. SWANSON com/> GUEST EDITOR: CHERYL HINDRICHS To the Readers: – TABLE of CONTENTS – To the Readers: I hope that, like me, you—dear reader—will See page 12 On Being Ill. “Is that a user’s guide?” This question, find these essays and reviews interesting and International Virginia Woolf or a clever variation on it, became a familiar refrain worthwhile confirmations of the continuing Society Column when the elegant Paris Press edition’s cover, vitality of Woolf’s writings and of Woolf studies. See page 68 conspicuously abandoned on my bed table, caught Having spent much of my scholarly career reading (continues on page 67) the eye of one of the many nurses or phlebotomists and writing about Woolf, I find myself from IVWS Officers and Members-at-Large who rotated through my ward over four weeks— time to time returning to Woolf’s warning about See page 67 weeks coinciding with what should have been my participating in the kind of scholarship which –EVENTS, INFO and CFPs– rereading of Woolf’s 1926 On Being Ill (OBI) as produces “the seventieth study of Keats and his MLA 2017 in Philadelphia well as the impressive range of essays which you use of Miltonic inversion” (A Room of One’s Own See page 3 may now also read at your leisure in the second 118). Beginning in the 1970s, feminist scholars Louisville Conference section of this double issue of the Miscellany, have turned Woolf from a minor modernist See page 3 whether “in the army of the upright” or “lying into a canonical one.
  • The Bloomsbury Group Was an Group of Writers, Intellectuals, Philosophers and Artists Who Held Informal Discussions in Bloomsbury

    The Bloomsbury Group Was an Group of Writers, Intellectuals, Philosophers and Artists Who Held Informal Discussions in Bloomsbury

    The Bloomsbury Group was an group of writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists who held informal discussions in Bloomsbury. This collective of friends and relatives lived, Virginia Woolf worked or studied near Bloomsbury in London during the first half of the twentieth century. Their work deeply influenced literature, aesthetics, criticism, and economics as well as modern attitudes towards feminism, J.M. Keynes pacifism, and sexuality. Its best known members were Virginia Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, E. M. Forster and Lytton Strachey. E.M. Forster Virginia Woolf & Lytton Strachey Leslie Stephen was a historian and literary critic. His first wife, Harriet Marian, was the daughter of the novelist William Makepeace Thackeray. His second wife, Julia Prinsep Jackson, was the niece of the pioneering photographer Julia Margaret Cameron.. With Julia, Leslie Stephen had four children: Vanessa, Thoby, Adrian and Virginia. Julia Jackson died young, and when Leslie Stephen died in 1904 the siblings moved to 46 Gordon Square, in Bloomsbury, London, where they began to receive guests "at home". Virginia Woolf with her father, Sir Leslie Stephen 1902 Sir Leslie Stephen was Between 1850 and 1864, Leslie Stephen was a a British historian , writer, philosopher. student, tutor, and a fellow at Cambridge. “I was a liberal after the fashion of those days: a follower of J. S. Mill... I read Comte, too, and became convinced among other things that Noah’s flood was a fiction... Upon my stating in the summer of 1862 that I could no longer take part in the chapel services, I resigned my tutorship.” Julia Jackson (Woolf’s Mother) by Julia Margaret Cameron 1867-1870s Thoby, Vanessa, Virginia, Julia, and Adrian Stephen are seen here at Talland House.
  • Virginia Woolf's Illnesses, by Douglass W

    Virginia Woolf's Illnesses, by Douglass W

    Clemson University TigerPrints Monographs Clemson University Digital Press 2004 Virginia Woolf 's Illnesses Douglas W. Orr, M.D. Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cudp_mono Recommended Citation Virginia Woolf's Illnesses, by Douglass W. Orr, M.D., edited by Wayne K. Chapman (Clemson, SC: Clemson University Digital Press, 2004), xiv+182 pp. Paper. ISBN 0-9741516-8-8 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Clemson University Digital Press at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in Monographs by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Virginia Woolf’s Illnesses i VIRGINIA WOOLF’S ILLNESSES ii Virginia Woolf’s Illnesses Douglass W. Orr, M.D. ! Edited by Wayne K. Chapman iii VIRGINIA WOOLF’S ILLNESSES A full-text digital version of this book is available on the Internet, in addition to other works of the press and the Center for Electronic and Digital Publishing, including The South Carolina Review and The Upstart Crow: A Shakespeare Journal. See our Web site at www.clemson.edu/caah/cedp, or call the director at 864-656-5399 for information. Copyright 2004 by Clemson University ISBN 0-9741516-8-8 Published by Clemson University Digital Press at the Center for Electronic and Digital Publishing, College of Architecture, Arts and Humanities, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina. Produced in the MATRF Laboratory at Clemson University using Adobe Photoshop 5.5 , Adobe Pagemaker 6.5, Microsoft Word 2000. This book is set in Garamond and was printed by University Printing Services, Office of Publications and Promotional Services, Clemson University.
  • 4159-1 -WOOLF.Indd

    4159-1 -WOOLF.Indd

    GENERAL BACKGROUND I. BIOGRAPHICAL LANDMARKS Read the seven major items relating to the life of Virginia Woolf while trying to memorize the main information. 1. An extended family 25 January 1882: Adeline Virginia Woolf (née Stephen) was born, the third child and second daughter of Leslie and Julia Stephen. • Leslie Stephen (1832-1904) Critic, biographer (fi rst editor of The Dictionary of National Biography), essayist and ‘man of letters’, he was professionally committed to writing as a member of the late Victorian upper middle class English intelligentsia. Among the many visitors to the household were a number of artists, poets and writers: Henry James (1843-1916, US born English novelist, short story writer and critic), George Eliot (pen name of Mary Ann Evans, 1819- 1880, English novelist noted for her analysis of provincial Victorian society), George Meredith (1828-1909, English novelist and poet), and James Russell Lowell (1819- 1891, US poet, essayist and diplomat) who became Virginia’s godfather (parrain). Together with a great concourse (multitude) of visiting aunts, uncles and cousins, the family included a fairly large number of children as Leslie and his wife Julia had both been married before. 9 Leslie Stephen’s fi rst wife, Harriet Marian a.k.a. ‘Minny’, was the eldest daughter of William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863, English novelist). She died in 1875, leaving a daughter, Laura Makepeace Stephen (1870-1945), who was mentally defi cient and spent most of her life in institutions. Minny’s sister, Anne (‘Aunt Anny’), a novelist, was a great help in the Stephen household. 9 Leslie Stephen’s second wife, Mrs Julia Princep Duckworth, née Jackson, (1846- 1895), a close friend of the Thackeray sisters, was a widow with three Duckworth children: – George (1868-1934) – Stella (1869-1897): she looked after the family when her mother died, until she got married.