New Letters of George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln

New letters of George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln

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Citation Richards, Gertrude. 1956. New letters of George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln. Harvard Library Bulletin X (1), Winter 1956: 39-72.

Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37363569

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N 1 949 llobcrt G. Stone, , 2 o, presented to the Harvard College l_jbrary, in n1c111oryof his father Galen J...... Stone" a collection of '''ashington 1nanuscripts. Of the fifty-six pjcces in the colJectjon, fifty·-fou.i--are letters of "\\1ashington, fifty-three of then1 to Gen- eral Bcnja1nin Lincoln and one to L..incoln's son, Benjamin Jr. Nine~ teen of the Y~7~shington letters arc autograph, and of the thirty-five \Vritten by secretaries .or aidcs-de-carnp (including Alexander Ha1nil- ton) thjrty-nvo are s1gnedby "\~7ashingtun, \Vho occasionalJ}r added a

postscripti an interlineatio11 3 or a superscriptioi1 on the dorse.. T,vo scribal 1cttcrs nre not signed by l\Tashington, though one of them js addressed by his hand, the other being n1arkcd 'Copy'; from a third~that to Renja1ninLincoln, Jr~ the signature has been cnt a,vay, pre.su1nably hy a. collector of autographs. The total of fifty-six pieces is rounded out by a n1c111orandun1in Y\1ashingtonis hand~ ,-vrittcn durjng the \\Tnr~ nnd a scribal copy of a letter f ron1 Elias Bo1!dinut to "'\\1ashington, sent on to Lincoln+1 l\1ost of the pieces bear Lincoln's cndorsctnents. The letters range in date f ron1 April 1777 to 1\1arch r 799 and in length fron1 a brief note of a sing]e page to a volu1ninous thirteen pages of instructions. All the pi cc es a re in good con diti on, ,vi thou t scri ous ho 1es or tears; since at least 1907 they· have been n1ountcdt in chronological order., in a stout folio volume, ,veil bound jn red n1orocco. 1 nvestigation has .sho"'"n that seven of the pieces have not h ithcrto been pllblishcd~2nd that an1ong the others there arc f reqnent and significant deviations f ron1 the published versions. Covering as the letters do the last t\vcnty-t\vo years of 1\'ashington's ]ifc, ,vrjtten to a fcllo,Y soldier for ,vho1n \Vas]1ington had particular respect and estcen1, being the actual letters sent rather than file copies of possibly n1odified pur- port., the series must rnnk arnong the n1ost in1portant collections of '''ashingtoniana to conic to light since the United States Govcrntnent purchased the l\1ount \Tcrnon Papers ,veil over a hundred years ago. It has accordingly- seen1ed appropriate to print hcrc\vith.,in -an Appcn- EUas Iloudjnot,. distinguished la \vyer, Presid-e[1t of the Contineat,al C..ongrcsstVt'as a dose f ricnd of \Vashiagton's.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) Harvard J_3brn-ryllullethJ dix, a con1plecc list of the contents of the collcctiont ,vith pertinent bibliographical data, transcription jn full of the seven unpublished pieces~and transcription of important unpublished portions and variant re adings f ro1n al IotJ 1 er pi cccs .. Practicall)r nothing js kno\vn of the history of the collection. Lin- coln nln1ost certainly kept the letters until his death in x8 1 o. In his sketch of that general published in 1847, Francis Bo,ven refers to 'the letters and private papers of General Linco]n, ,vhich have been pre- served in a state of great completeness"-and 1vhich, he says.,include 'all the letters that ,vcrc addressed to hin1~and copies of those ,vhich he \vrotc 1n reply.' 2 He does not say ,vhere he sa\V then1. He adds that Dr Gordon had access to then1 ,vhcn he ,vas ,vricing his history of the Revolution, but the procession of errors in that narrative suggests that ,vhi]e the author ma}7 have seen so1ue of the Lincoln papers he made s1nall use of them. 3 In 1907 the present co1lcction of fifty-six p1eces (counting the copy· Boudinot letter, No. 1 a) 4 ,vas offered for sale by a Ne,v York of the . . bookseller in a privately printed catalogue that listed each item and quoted large portions in rranscri pts that · arc fragmentary, inaccurate, and 111islcading.0 \Tcry likely·it ,vas at this time that i\-1rGalen Stone, a Boston financier., acquired the collection/ tl1ough no record of sale has been found. 7 · 111-any case, it ,vas in his possession at the tin1e of his death in 1926, and rcn1ained jn the keeping of 1'1rs Stone until her death in 1947~ T,vo )rears later lvlr Robert Stone presented it to I-Jar~

2 Franc-ts Bo,vcnt 'Life of llenjacnin Linco]n~ J\1ajor-Gc.ncra1 in the .Artny of the Rcvolu tion/ T !Je I.,i brn ry of A nu:rican Uiogra pby.,· edl Jared Spar ks, ind s-cr:- .,, XIII ( 1847)! 207. \VjUian1 Gordon~ TJJe Hiuory of tbe 'RisetProgresr, and Ertab!is/Jnient~of the Independence of tbe United States, 4 vo]s. (London, I 788); 3 vols. (N e,v York, i 789; Ieprjnrcd 1794, 1801 ). In any ca~et Gordon could not ha,Tc seen al1 of the Lincoln papers. t Sec Appendix.

!. Fifty-fi·i/c Letters of George 1:Vas-1,ington to Renjo.1ni11Lincoln 1777~1799Briefiy Desr.ribed,, "JJ1fhFore-wordi by A. J. Bowden (Nc,v York., George H. Richtnond,. 1907). A f 01·clc~f st~nes: t1rnt one hundred i:spedaP copies ,vere printed. Copy No, r, hound to m:.=i.tch the morocco volun1c cont'J.ining the (:O l le ctiont c:l1nc to H -i rvard w j th the coi lccti n n from l\1r ~obc rt Stone j n 1949. Anuth er copy t u 1111u 1n here d, \Vas a] 1·ead y on H ar\~1rd 's shelves. · ,r; A printed title-page to the colJection reads~ 'Fifty-fiye Lettecs of George ,vash- ingtun to Benjamin Lincoln 1777~1799 Sold by George H~· Richmond 358 :Fjfth Avenue Nc\v York 1907,1 Mr Robert Stone has searched his father's papers ,vithout ~uccess.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) New Letters of George TVashiugton

vard, as ,v e have seen I All effort~ to trace the letters, or arty co 11ateral matcrjal~ through descendants of General Lincoln have proved fruitless. The Stone coJlcction ,vas unkno,vn to Fitzpatrick) the ro1npilcr ::ind cdjtor of the present standard edition of \\' ashington 1s \v1·itings.8 l"'hc versions prjnred by Fitzparrjck, \vhich, as already· suggested, include aIJ hut seven of the pieces, are derived from the drafts and Jetter-book copies pre.served an1ongthe v\'ashington Papers in the Library of Con- gress. Since a co1npar ison of the texts in the Stone col lee tion ,vi th those

printed in the l~~itzpatrickedition js obviously called for 1 some account of the history· of the "'\\.rashingrunPapers may be pertinent. "'''hen "\Vashington returned to l\1ount Vernon fron1 the '''ar, one of his 1nain concerns \Vasto put in order the great n12ss of his papers., perhaps ,vith the rather grudging recognition of the possibilityrof a biography. In the course of copying drafts into letter-books~ altera- tions \\~ere frequently introduced, .including revision of opinions, re- moval of strictures, addition of ,vords of praise, and clarification of . meanings. l•ollo,ving upon the copying, ,vhich ,vas not al,va3•sfaith- fully executed, the origina]s. \vere in n1any cases destroyed. I---Io,vfar 1~'ashington progressed in the ordering of his papers is 1argcl) 7 a n1attcr of gucss\vork. He had certain1)7 not con1pletcd his task at his death. Thereafter began a series of vicissitudes~ First of all, A1rs\~ 1ashington burned the correspondence bet,veen her and her husband; oniy t,vo letters ,vcre saved, and those. by accident - they had caught in 2 crack in the desk ,vhcre thc) 7 had been stored, and \Vere disco,,.ered Jong after, vard b}' a grandchild to , vh om the desk had b cen given. During the "\Var of I 8 I 2 there ,vas damage and loss 1n the burn- ing of n ,varchousc in Alexandria~,vhcrc the papers had been tc1nporn~ rily· stored. Justice Bushrod ,, 1ashington~ o,vner of the papers~ ,vas liheral in the distribution of jnteresting documents to eager co1le-c.:tors. One of these~ the notorious 1}lHlian1Spragllc~ \V hen a tutor on a neigh- boring plantation, ,vas allo\ved to make a selection of letters on condition rhat he leave copies in their place. He ,va.lked off ,vith about six- teen hundred, leaving 'copies ,vhosc accuracy ,vas open to question. 1~henc~une tht! first editor, Jared Sparks-.}ljnding it in1possihleto ,vork at l\1ount Vernon, through Jack of a reference library, he received pern1ission to move the entire collection to Boston~ ,vhere it

Tbe lVritings of George HTas/Jingto11t ed. John C. Fitzprrtrick, 39 vn1~. (\~;r3sh- ington, D. C.,. 1931~44).. Rcf ~rrc

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) '

42 I-lnrvard l.. .ribrary Bulletin rc111aincduntil the purchases by the I~"'cdcralCovcrnrncnt in 1834 and 1839~ Bushrod "\\1ashington stipuJatcd that nothing should be printed that \Vouid give offense or pain to the f-an1iliesof the recipients of letters; nor ,vas the editor to include any- letters or parts of letters containing \\ 1ashingtonjs opinions on political controversies. Sparks obeyed these injunctions. He had .no alternative. No li1nitations~ho,vcvcr, ,vcrc placed on letters not_under ban. I-Jere Sparks used the same 1ncthods that ser•tcd hin1 as editor of the Nortb A'JJ1erica11l?..e·view. Never \Vas his blue pencil more activc4 He altered

"''"shington>s spe1l1ng1 his vocabulary, bis arrangement of paragraphs; l1e 01nitted passage.~\Vithout intlic~.ting any ]apse in the text; he re,vrote passages that he felt lacked elegance. '''hen he h2d finished, these crippled versions \Ycrc not \\Tashington ~t all; they ,vcrc Sparks. An1ong the1n are included t\vcnty-fivc of the ]etters to Linc.:oln in the

Stone collection~ The Sparks versions 1 like later printings, are undoubt- edly· based on the letter-book drafts or copies in the \\ 1ashington Papcrs4 Before Sparks h"J.dn1ore than begun his editing Justice Y\Tashington died, and the papers ,vent to his kinsn1an, George Corbin ,,rg_shington. 9 The change of O\'.\'ncrship did not in the least ,vorry Sparks. I ndced, he ca1nc to regard his long tenure ns a property right, and did not hesi- tate to give a,vay both copies and originals so f recly that ,vhcn the papers finally reached their ne,v o,vner the latter ,vas disn1ayed to find over six hundred missing - or replaced by copies ..10 In the 111eantin1e, Sparks"s edition had appeared in t,vclvc volumcsl 1834-3 7 .. George Corbin \~/ashington sold the remaining coHection to the

Federal Governtnent in t\\'O lots, in 1834 and 1 8391 for a tot-al of $45 ,ooo. Under Govcrnn1ent o\vnership losses ceased. But the papers retnained in the rather crude bindings supplied by Sparks until so111e )~cars af tcr their rransf er f ron1 the Sta tc Departn1cnt to the I""ibrary of Congress in 1903. Finally, in the 193o's a thorough repairing and rc- n1o u n ting , vere carr icd out. · About .fifty years after Sparks~s edition ,vas published, \\ 1orthington C. Ford, not yet a n1en1.bcrof the l.jhraryr of Congress staff, undertook to re-edit the letters in the collection. 1-Iisedition, in fourteen volun1es, . . Justice ,,r~shington! ,\Tho clic,1in 18!9, \'.'a:, the son or John A ugustinc, brotht::r of George \Vas:hington; Gcnrgc Corhin \\ 1:ts descended fron1 the younger of George ,,r~::.hington's two hslf brothers, 'Austin.~ ;ir, Sec the 1nen1orandl11nof Geot·ge Corhi11 ,~rashington in the Th_?n1 papel".'i Rt l\.~ou nt v·crnon.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) 1Ve-1.v t ette-rsqf George TT'asbi11gto11 43 appeared 1889-93. Ford on1ittcd n1any of the letters jn Sparks, and ~ddcd others, but for identical letters Ford f oHo\VCdSparks verhatitn, ,vith occasional addition of 8 postscript~ and \Vith fuHer con11nent and a more dctai led background. l)urjng the earJy years of-this century scho1ars ,vho had access to the papers, noting the djscrepancies hcr,vecn the n1anuscripts and the printed lcttcrst c~llcd 1norc and n1orc Joudly for a correct edition. In the 192.o's the approaching bicentenary~ of \\ 1ashington~s birth led the Governn1cnt to sponsor such an undertaking, directed by a con1n1ittcc of scholars and 111cn1bcrsof Congresst ,virh John C. l~itzpatrick of the

Library of Congress as editor-in-chief. Bcr,vccn 193 1 and 1 944, thirt) 7 - ninc volun1es appeared, n1orc than doubling the amount of "'\Vashing- ton~s,vritings in print. Fitzpatrick endeavored to inc]ude :tll significant ,~rashington 1etters that he 1night discover, \vhcthcr in public or private collections. 17 ct the G~lcn Stone collection escaped his search. In spite of this and a fe,v other important on1issionsthat have con1e to ]ight in the past decade, Fitzpatrick 1nust be regarded as a remark-· ahly successful collector of or1g1nal111atcrjal. The success of the re- sultant edition is less assured. Some years of scholarly use have revc:1lEd altcr;lttons of spelling, pnncttu1tion~ and p-a.ragraphstrl1ctnrc fro1n the Jetter-hook copies~ and f~ilurc on occasion to indicate on1issions. "'\\1hiic Fitzpatrick's contribution is far more satisf::tctory· in editing as ,vell -asscope than its t,vo predecessors'.Ione can onl)T conclud~ that the perfect and con1plete edition of the ,vritings of \~1nshington is .still to conic. Fitipatrjck's edition prjnrs over t,vo hundred letters to Lincoln, of \Vhich over one hundred and t,vcnty arc addressed to the "'Secretary at \·''ar.' 11 1""hcStone collection therefore represents only about a quarter of those no,v available. The range of the co1lcction is) ho,v- evcr, ver) 7 significant, both in tin1e and jn content, extending from the anxious spring of 1777 to the final spring of 1799, and including a rela- tive! y high proportion of personal comn1cntary 2nd reflection in nddi- ti on to th c necessary· offici a 1 in atte r The aspect of person al co 111n1 uni- . catjon is pardcnlarl y strong in the run of letters, near Iy· nil autograph, ,vrittcn f rorn l\-1ount,, er nun bet1veen the end of the llcvolution and ·

11 Fitzp~ttick's texts :Ire regul::irly derj\-Ted from the ''- 7ashington Paper~ ~nd from ~·hat he rcgctrdcd :as the best draft in the occasiona] iristances where there 'Was choice+ There are also a few supplcn1~nt11.ryrlr~f ts in the Papers of the Conrjncnt~l Congress, in the National Ard1i\·cs, Lincoln'~ lctrcrs to \V~shington, nearly all of the 111 h ologn1 phi :::lre to he found both among the \V ~shi ngton P~ pcrs 9 nd in those of the Cun grcss. They ¥·elJ rnerit a ne n don.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) 44 Harvard Library Bulletin the election to the Presidency. In these Ietters the high regard in , v hi ch ,vashington held his correspondent is n1ore than ever felt as a continu- ing foundation for the ,vords thc1nsclvcs. · Finally, the fact that the col-

lection as a ,vholc is made up of letters actually scnt 1 ,vith considerable differences from the prlnted versions.,~nust ,,?eigh heavily· in an evalua- tion of its importnnce as a contribution to the nation,s resources. '''hat ,verc ,vashington's relations ,Yith this Ne,v England farn1er- · soldier? First of all, the t\vo ,vere very nearly· of an age: Lincoln, born in I-linghatn 24 January 1733~ ,vas not.quite a year y'"ounger.. Both ,vcre descended f ro1n seventeenth-century pioneers active in shaping the pattern of their nc,v ,vorld for the ,vcH being of future gcncra- rio11s!t Both fa1ni1ieshad held offices of responsibility in their respec- - tive con1n1unitics and one generation passed on to -another a resp~ct for the dignity 2nd the res-ponsibi1itiesof public service. Neither Y\7ashington nor Lincoln ,vas 11ighlyeducated even for his o,vn day. Although Lincoln,s brother Eela (Harvard 1754) held a n1edical degree from Aberdeen ( 1765), Lincoln hin1self attended only a district school.. ,~rashington's schooling i.vus less than that. Flis 13 grandfather, Lrnvrcncc "\,\Tashington1 one of the ablest Virgjnians of

his day·1 had been active in pubJic affairs at hon1e and had n1aintained

advantageous connections in En gland 1 ,vhere he ,vas educated~ After his death, his ,vido,,T,having rcmarricdt took their nvo sons to Eng1and -and placed then1 in the Appleby Schoo],. \l\Testmorland~ the same school 'for the sons of gcntlcn1cnt that their father had attended. The younger~ Augustine, father of George, ]ater sent his sons of a first marriage tu this sarnc sehuo1, but he died before George ,vas old enough to enter. '''hat education the boy had probably came not only fron1 his father H but fron1 his hu]f brothers: the elder, La,vrcnce, lived at l\-1ouritV crnon in a neighborhood of public-spirjted gentlemen interested in state, church., and county affairs; the younger, 'A.ustin.,'

I:J The name or Lincoln's great grandfather 1 Th.om as Lincoln 1 a cooper 1 appears in the Hingham tO\Vn Iccords as early as 1636 (Bo,ven, 1Lif e of L1ncoln,' p, 217).

lV~shington's c1nigrant ancestor, John , 1/ashington 1 reached ,vestmoreland County in l 657! possibly in 1656 (Charles A. Hoppin~ The TfTasbington Antestryl Green- field, Ohio! 19p .• I! 147 ). :1:~The first La\.,.·rence"\Vashlngton in "\Tirginia ,v..-tsthe brorhcr of J ohn1 ernigtant ancestor.. Th is Iatcr La ,~1ren~c \Vas John ~s son. H c 111:arricdA.iii ldre d \\' arn c:r of G lou ccstcr (1--Ioppin, l Va rbln g ron A 'Tlce stry, 1 2 19) and his descendants a re con!-:e- q ncntl y kin' of EngJand's royal family.

i,_1,hc simil:uit;y- of their hand\vrking suggests that ]Il this 1 at least, Augustine ,,·as his ~onts instructor ..

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) "f\7e11v J_..ettersof George Tf.Tashington 45 had one of the finest private lihraries in the colony-4Tt js clear that Linc o 1n, too, Iearned 1nore fro1n ex 2111p] e than fro In precept. 1n his case the shaping 1nflucncc ,vas a n1inistcr of unusual intellectual ~bilit)r, the Reverend Ebenezer Gay of Hingham (CJass of I 7 r 4 at Hnrv3rd). The t,vo generals Erst rnct in rj7 5., ,vhen "\\1ashington \Vent to Boston in order to f rce the city· f ron1 llr.itish control. Lincoln \Vas then a n1cn1bcr of the third Provincial Cong1'Cssand served as Secretary; rn he ,vas also on the Co1n111ittccof Supplies for the n1ilitia, ju ,vhich he ranked as J\1ajor General. Conferences behveen hin1 and the Con1- mandcr jn Chief ,vere frequent, and ,~ 7-a.shington~pra~ticall) 7 a stranger in Boston.,1Gfound the Nc\v Englandcr's informatjon and his efficient hand]ing of 2dn1inistrarivc details most hclpfuL In 1776, ,vhcn 1-Io,ve left Boston for 1\rc,v York, '''ashington follo,ved hin1, giving Lincoln full charge of the Harbor defenses; \Vithin a fe,v ,veeks Lincoln had rid the Ilay·of all British vessels. "\,\1hcn the n1ilitary· situation on Long Island hcca1nc serious, ,i\/ashington sent for Lincoln to jojn hi111\Vith as 1nany·n1ilitia troops as could be spared. Before JJinco]n could arrive, ne,vs c:1n1eof the ,vithdra,val of the Continental troops, follo,ved by· order~ f ro1n ,,, ashington to join Heath near Peekskill ..1 i At the san1e tin1e, ,\ 1ashington \vrote I-Ienth advjsing hi1n to n1ake_no n1ov·cment of troops ,vithont consulting Lincoln, of ,vhose j udgn1cnt and abilities he~ "\\7asllingLon, entertained ~a very high opinion4, 18 '-·''irhin t\vo months, on \~Tashington ts rec om n1en

] :;The Prov j nc ia 1 Congresses xepfo ced th i::: General Court for a few months; Lin- coln "\\'as a 1nctnbcr of horh. 11] ,v~shington h3d been jn Boston jn 1756 on business conuc-ctcd \\'Jth his rank- jng in the British Army ( 1 G TfT,298-i.99). ~'J i'-'ashington to Ltncolnt 18 Dccctnber- 1776 ( 6 GTV, 394).

j.!, l\lashington to llcatl1, 18 Dece1nbcr 1776 ( 6 G 1-V,392).

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) ..

l-1a rvro· d Lib rnry lJu Jl et in can1paign, centering then about the Savannah River and n1oving soon to Charleston4 A hitherto unpublished letter~ entirely in "\:\1ashington 1 s hand, addressed to .I-'incolnon t11eeve of his departure, for1ns Letter No. 1 o of the Stone collection; it is reproduced hcrclvith ~s Plate I, in addition to its transcription in the Appendix. This \Vas~ fron1 the begjnning, the 1nost hopeless can1paign of the \\ 1ar. Lincoln ,s f rcqucn t ]cttcrs to ,,, ~shington give s0111cidea of the frustrating difficn1tics that beset hi111during that ,vcary year nnd half. llcinforccn1cnts ordered fro1n \ 1irginia 1111d North Carolina either cmnc too late to b c of any use or can,c not at all. J)'Estaing, ,vith the F rcnch fleet, sailc

= ance. The local troops ,vere poorly trained. Ahnost nothing in the ,vay of equip1ncnt or p1·ovisions ,vas furnished by the Carolinians. Desertions ,vcrc n1orc f rcqucnt than ,vcrc cn1istn1cnts. Jc~lousy· be- t,vccn the local officers ,vas nn ever present handicap to effective action. l ..hc Charlestonians \Vere even more Tory jn their sy111pathicsthan the f\e,v ): orkers .. l.,incoln,s ,Youndcd leg ,vas ,vearjng hin1 do\vn. E~ch ne,v report fron1 South Carolina deepened ,~'lashington's anx-

iety .. As he ,,Trotc Lincoln (Letter No. 11) 1 his o,vn ignorance of the country and of the people prevented his offcrjng suggestions or coun- sel. Lincoln n1ust rely on his u,vn ju

,Yhen a handful of undcrfcd 1 poorly clothed, and poorly eqnippe

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) New Latters of George ll' rtsbi11gto11 47 for provisions all u]ong the proposed route, in order to prevent the troops f ron1 Jiving off the countryside~ 1-Ic joined "\~1~sbington in Ne,v 11/jnd.~orin June 1781. After a fev{ 1ninor skirn1ishcs near Ne,v

York City·, still held by the British., the n1ovcn1ent t0\\ 7 ards \ 7irginia began. Jt ,vas no,v August. Li11coln held the suprc1n-c con1n1~n

n n~for~ the adoption of the F edeml Constitution! the British forn1 ~ae ,vas used.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) Harvard Library Bulletin

,,, ashington rl1?ct11ncnts;it is reproduced here,vith -HS PJate II t and transcribed in the Appendix. . Hut the close of the v\'ar ,vas near at hand; there ,vcrc n·o 111orc battles and very fc\v skinnishcs along the line. In October 1783, Con- gress passed the rcso1 utj on disbanding the troops.. Lincoln at once resigned his officeas Secretary at '''ar and returned ho1nc~ In Dcccn1- ber, \\ 7ashington surrendered to Congress his con1n1issionas Comman- der in Chief of the Continental Arn1y, 2.nd reached i\1lount \T ernon on ChrisLn1asEve. The ,~, ar ,vas over, but there, ren1ained an aftern1ath of unrest, un- certaint)T; ~nd confusion. The guidance of both Lincoln and '''ashington. \vas never 1norc needed. But each general had also to face the necessity of recuperating his personal losses incurred during the \Var.. Lin co In n1ad c sever~I crjps to caster n lVI::1.ine, ,v here he held Iand he hoped ,vould no,v be of use4 '''ashington visited his holdings in Pcnn- syhTania,partly- to investigate the condition of land in the hands of his tenantry and partly to sec if the ne,v lands jn the Ohio valley ,vould n1akc good investments. In Jul~- r785, Lincoln and his son vjsited l\1ount \Ternon on their return fro1n a brief stay in South Carolina. Jn Noven1her Lincoln ,vas back again, and it ,vas probably at this ti111c that \:\' rt sl 1ington asked hi 111 to s llgg est a sccrcra.ry ab 1e toread an cl ,vritc French r1nd,villing to ass]st in c1assif)7 ing hi~ papers! for in Jan~ uar)7 1786 1Jinco1n recomn1ended 1-.obias l.1ear (Harvard· r783), of Portsmouth~ Ne\v 1-Iampshire, ,vho, Lincoln declared? "supports the ch-a.ractcr of a gentleman and a Scholar .... He reads French -and ,vritcs a good letter.' :o 1..-eararrived at Mount Vernon in the early spring and for seven years served "\Vashington,vith an attention and ability thnt greatly lessened the burdens of his public lifc. 21 In the sun1n1cr of r786 the entire Tidc,Yatcr, frorn l\-1aineto Georgia~ \Vas s,vcpt by a financial unrest that in l\1assachusctts broke out into open re bell ion~ The leader of the revolt, one Daniel Shays (a Revolu- tionary "\:\'ar c,gp tain of q u cstion ablc rcpu ta ti on) organized the, mal- e on ten ts and inc;ited thern to uee

Lincoln to \:Vs.shington, 4 J~nua.ry 17S6 (Vi 7~shington Pa.pcrs, Library of Con~ gre:;s)~ Sec also 18 GTT',.379~ 405, 409· An excellent cx:an1plc of Learts services to Washington m~y be found in his lencr.~ (':\ 7:ishington Paper~,. LC) ,Yritte.n frorr1 Ne,v York-and PhH:1de]phic1to rvlount

1 ,,. c t·non 1790- ·qi, ,vhen he ,va s super\' j sing the rcn1OY.9. l of \i\,."Rshj ngton ~ belongings to the ne.,v FederAl city. ·

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) t------.-· ...... I • • • - ......

; ' : - ' _-_ 1 - - . / - / - /:( . ' . ·.:.-:·_ · -·'· ·--:--~- ~ 1e??"~.--~~ de/.~ .71i~. . • 7

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,vASHIXGTON TO LlN<..:OLNt 9 OCTOBER 1778

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) J .. . .

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PLATE II \VASHING'f()N" TO LlN'COL"N, l\1AY I 7 82.?

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) ","} ... .'P.IIP'~"1• ...... I •. • .-!r• •• • -..• :• (• • - • •

· 49 JJincoln, 7 November, askjng \vhat possessed hjs fello\.v-citizens- had th~y gone n1ad - did they inten4 to overthro,v the structure erected during the l:u;-teight y-cars?2 ~ Lincoln's eventual_reply is perhaps the best single narrative of the events fro1n December through Jiebruary: . . I had The ,~:rote] son1e hopes that the Go,Tcrnor and Collncil '\\Tonldtake .soinc 1ncasures for crushing the lnsurgcnti,. 'fhis~ ho,vevcr, hung jn sn~pense untill t~e beginning of January. It ,v·as then ~greed to raise t\"i~othousand Jnen in the Counties of Norfo]ki Essex, and i\tiddlescx, and four con1panlcs of Artillery- zoo 1ncn...- in the County of Hgn~pshirei and 1200 in the County of 1,.:vorcestcr-· the conun:1nd of these troops ,vas to be given to 1i1c, being the first 1\-lajor-Gencrnl in the State. At this 1non1ent \Yhcn crery part of the system was digested and nothing remained to he done Lut the offering the order to raise them men nnd carry it into execution, information ''-'!ls Ieceivctl frrnn the Co1n_mlss·,nyC~cncral that the necessary supplies co11Idnot he oLtr-tined ,,~jthout n considerab]c sum in cash1 ,vhich ,v~s 1:ut in the po,ver of the Treasurer to horro\''· On n1y hearing this frorn the Governor 1 I w·ent inuncdio.tely to a c]uh of the first characters in Bosto·n who met that nigh½ nnd byed before them a full St8te of n1attcrs ~nd snggr.stc

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) I " I lo I , rl I ,_, • • • • • , , , • , , • I I • I I I I I I I I I I • I ' ' ., , • , • ., I L_. , _ , I I , , -..-• , • • I-•- ,

50 f! arvnrd Library Bulletin letters a re in the present col lectio n; together ,vi th th osc f ron1 Li11coIn 2~ they f onn an interesting vignette of public opinion durjng that crisis. After election to the Presidency, Linco1n ,vrote sug- gesting, rather than requesting, his reappoint:1ncnt as Secretary· of w~r. "\.Vashington's rcp]y (Letter No. •5 3) is the cpito1nc of his pol1cy to,varrls applicants for posts in the government during the eight years he ,vas Prcsjdcnt~ Should it Lhe ·wrote J bccOJHCine\.Tit-a1l1y ncccss~ry for ni.c. to go lnto the ch3ir of govcrn1ncn t, I have d etc.rmincd to gn in to it' f rec from 2.11pus itivc cng~ge~ n1e&1tsof every nature ,vhatsoever. -· 1'his is the ans"\v-crI hgve already given to a 1nultiplicity of Rpplicadons ..• llut \\'jthout deviating fron1 that line of p:roL":ccd•1~g... I 1nay l>c permitted to say to you, my dear Sir, th'J.t you neet not doubt 1ny inclinations arc very sincere & very strong to scn,c you, jf I can do it, consistently ,vith my duty to the public. -1"'his T say, because I have kno-,vn y"<,uin public Hfc: for I do not intend to be s\vaycd) in the dis- pos-al of p1accs, by n1otives ari~ing from the ties of friendship or blood.~~

General Henry l(noxi it may be added) ,vho had become Secretary in 1785, continued on in office under the Constinnion until i 794. It is perhaps too nutch to say that ,~7ashingtun and l ..incoln ,vere intin1ate friends. ,vhat is true is that they ,vcrc united by -nnunder- st1nding tlt~t ,vns in a \vay a closer tic than jntimacy. The out\vard differences of circun1stance henvccn the planter of lvlount \! ernon and the fam1cr of Hinghatn ,verc bridged by comn~on experiences and sj 111ilar tr adi tj on s. \ ]iTas hin gto n has had scores of hiogrn ph crs; Lincoln so far has had _none lopre5ent a fu]]-]cngth study. Prrhaps the reason for the apparent neglect of J.;incoln lies in the scattered inaterial f ron1 ,vhich biogra phics arc ,vritten~ And he is not spectacular. I-Ic ,v-asefficient in office) but so \\'ere 1nany of his generation; he ,:vas a conscjentious corntnandcr of troops, but he failed in battle n1ore_ frequently than he succeeded+ He

to l\lass:achusctti;; hy P.resjdent F..'.tr"aStiles af Yak! ~-ho eridosnd a sketch mnp of the disaff ccted area; and by Secretary Knox, ,11,.•hosent cnpics of Lincoln !s reports received by the "\Var Depamneilt. A 11 of these letters are ro be fnund :atno11gthe , \r 3 sh in gton Pa pen;. · 111 111the YV~shington Paper.Ii and the Papers of the Contln~ntal Congress, as air I"Ca.dr not(:d. . initi g:.ning q n8.li:fi- [!.~ l t 1.viHbe remcn11Jcrc:::dth at \Va shington had ref used, w·itho ut c3ri ems, to a ppo i~t his nephew Bushrod to the Supreme Court partly l>ccau~c of thdr kinship and partly Ltcause he rlid not think Tiushrod qualHi:cd for the post. John A~an1s tho-ught dilTerently, and Bushrod str•:cd ~s a men\ber of the Supreme Court ~dequatdy, if not t~ri.lli:antly.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) New Letters of George urnshi11gto11 51 Vlas given an honorary degree of l\1astct of Arts· fro111I-Iarvard in 17-80, a recognition received by 1n~nyover the ycars.20 I-Iis personal qualities do not c~ll foT argument; they are 1nattcrs of fact. Y-ct the con1binacion of such averages1 ,vhich n1adc hin1 a type n1ther than a pcrs6nality, did stiffen action into endurance ~nd as such eventually ,von the w=1r and tnain ta1 ne d the pea cc. A study based on the C]u alities of a 9ui ct nnd dctern1incd public servanL \vho kept faith \yith every achieve111cnt of Lhe past and every pron1ise for the future ,vould rnake good \\•riting for the biogr~pher and instructive reading for the citizen. In such a study of Bcnjurnin I J1ncoln, the Galen Stone collection, ilhnninating h~s relations ,vith his greatest contcn1por~ ry't n1ust inevitably play a major ro]c.

G:E.RTRUDE R TCHAH ns

APPENDIX

The follo,\·ing Jh:t presents, in chronological order, ( he fifty-six piec(:~ con- tained in the Galen L. Stone collection of lVash1ngton n1~nuscripts in the Harvard College Library. l'hc order is '1lso drnt of the pieces .-is tnounrcd in the folio volu1ne in which they are prcscrved1 ~nd the AraLic nu1nucring corre- sponds to that stamped on the len,rcs supporting the piece.Ii~ Refcrcn~es haxe been a:bbrevinted as follo,1r'"S; GTF 1'be lVt-itiug.s of George lVasbingtou, edited uy John C~Fitzpntrick~ 39 vols. (\\'nshington, D. C., 193 1~41) Ford T/J c TFrit ings of George TVas bin gton, ed itcd by Worthington C. Fordj 14 ,Tols. (Ncn 1 Yor~, l 8~9- .93) Sparks The lVritings- of George lVasbi11gton1 edited by Jared Sparks, 12 vols. (Boston, 1834-37) · · LC Cal. Library of Congress, Calendar of the Correffto11de11cc of George l-fTnshingtonCo'JJnnandcr in Chief of tbc Cantin e,1t111A rrny r,.vitb 't-.fJe O /fie ers, cyJ ohu C. }~itzpatrkk1 4 vols. (Wa.i;;hington~ D. C., 19 • 5) LC Crd., CC I...ibraryof Congresxj Caleudar of tbc Correspondeut~e of George TVnrhington Con2111ander{u Chief of the Con1ineutal Anny with t /Je Co11t.inental Congrent H arva.rd had voted ,va:r;hingcon ~n honor<1rydegree of Doctor of L:l,VS in I 776,

~--~-~-...... ,__------~--_,....,.~------r---~------·,

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) " • - " I • 'I I , , I • :_ I • •-•I•• • __ • • • I •

......

liarvard Library Bulletin· edited by John C. Fitzpanjck (vVashington, D. C.~ r9o6) PCC l'.ap~rs ~f the Continental Congress. N~tional Archives via- In ref crcn ces to thcs e ,vorks vq]u1ne numbers~ in .Ar~bEe, pre cede the ab brc tion. Nan1es of those identified as responsible for copies ( ~h.icflysecrctarjes uf lVa$hingron) are :il.Jurcviatedas follo,v~; ' NG Nat hanri.e! Greene Al{ Alex~ n de1TH an1ikon RHl-I Rubert 1-Iansun Harrison DH Da ·vid_Hu 111ph reys TL Tobias Lear Jh1 James l\1c Henry TT 'fench Tilghman JT Jonathan Tru n1hul~ Jr J \\7 j olu1 Walker G\JI/ G~orgc \V~shingt~n

Pjeces not prevjously published are transcribed, as ~re postscripts or other passages 11.otappefl.r ing .in G Tf.:r,an

I . . 8 1777~ April 8. lVashington (J\•lorristo,vn) ~. to Lincoln (llound TIrook) .~ ~iS.L.s. 2 f. (letter on p. 1 )~ 'IT. Unpublished. I-Ie.1dQna~ters .. 1\:lor.d~To\vn 8th A.prj] 1777 Dear Sfr . . Incloscd you have Copy of a Letter which I have this i\-1rnnent rccdved frorn per, i\-lr"Roud1not. You will please to s~nd (l Copy of it to General Putnmn Exprc.5S. J.etter is · . Genl Green suspects that the \V onH1n ri1cntioned in the incloscd tl\c s-amcthat app]ied to you for a pnss to corr1c up to Dasken Ri~lgc to look on ao other for her Son. -~{ou ,vill thmcf ore lH::epa strict ,vale h for hcr 1 or up y you \V omun that ·applies· for a pass to go thrni your Guard~. As I can give \Vash.i.ngton had cst.a.b]ishedwinter !"J After the battl~ of T'renton and l:rincctoni qu~ rte.rs in ;\.'lorristown. . · outpm;ts th::111i\1orriscown. =-snound Ilrook ,v.H :tbout fj\,e nules nc:lrcr the British.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) ..,

. New J... etters of. George lJ1 asbingtan 53 no parcicnfor direction!i in thi;) J\.1atteri yc,u tnust be g111dcJby the L-cttcr and the ab ave hin t 1 to 111akc the neccssary D jscn,Tcry. !,!:) I an1 Dear Sir yro· n,ost obt Servt G~ \Va shin gton

P. S. It ·would be \vell to exaininc aH ''-'on1cn applying t{) go in or out just at this cin1e Gen 1 Lincoln - Superscription, p. 4; 1~o l\1aj6r Gcn 1 Lincoln at Round Brook

Do ckete d hy Ij ncoln~p. 4~-General Washington April .Bha 7 77 -

Ia 1777, April 5. Elh1s Rrn.1dinot (Phibdclphia) to V/ashington [MorristO\vn]. ll i 1 l\.lSrLT nsign ed. f. ( Icttcr on p. J ) • TJ:'.i\ 1 arl{cd "Copy • Unpublished. Not separately n ll 1HL cred in Ston c vo Iun1e. PhiJad:i.April 5tt r 777 lvlay .it p 1e fl.Scyour Ex ce11ency. 1 have rc-ceived lntcl11gcncc this Evening fron1 a person of undoubted ,, e-.- rt1city (,vho has follo,vcd nu: for that purpose) that \Vun1an vd10 ha~ a So[l in ~o~l in this State (Pennsylvania) has- hc:en sent. in to the Encrny! _,vith Lca.tcrs · of Advice from a Club in the -County of Rucks, so secreted about her pcr~on,.'- d1c1l it ,vould be a11nostin,pos-sih~c she should he discovcr~d~ That she h~d 1 or ,vas to get a p1lssfrom Gcn 1 Putm~n,t under the Idea of her bc.•jng a poor Wo~na!l and under~ necessity of going jnto tho City, on account of her Son . or 1-Iusbar:id, and ,vns to return in a fe\v days "·.ith an A.ccount of the intended Mo,i-ements of chc Enemy's Armyl anJ ,-vith directions \vhat the· Club ,v.as: t_o do in Conscqucnc:cr She set off fran1 Ne,v 1'o,vn last V/cdncsday, so that it js roo late, to stop her going in, hut in-ay-be stopped h1 her Ieturn jf due c~re - fa taken nt the out posts~ It ·will be n~cc.ssary to cxt1.mineher wit.It the utn1ost . attention! <'ISI am assured great A.rt has been used to secret her dispo.tchcs. 1 \vould have ~,,vrotc to Gen' Putn-an1! but no opportunity offers! th-a.t is so likely ta f onv~rd tho Intelligence ns Ly the Dearer .. 1 expect to be at princeto,vJ't 1nysc1fon Thursday nexti ,vhcn I \vill :i1soi-do -anin n1y po,vcr to assist in her detection if ~he doe~ not come uut hefo1·c. . · I -have the [I onor to be, tho' in the greatest Hurry yr E..,:cellencv's 1nost . obt Servt Elias Doudinot Copy,

Docketed hy ~-'1ncoln~p. 4: Boudinot Copy A pdl Sb 1777

~No evidence of the capture of this spy has heen found in ccntemporary .rtcords:.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) I 11, , 11 .J 1, •• - • • • I,

54 H nr·VardLibrarl\ ...1 Rulletin

I 7 77, A pr i l 19. \\' ashington ( 1'viorr istovrn) to Li nc.ol n (Mi ddlehroo k) . 1\1S. L.s. 2 f. (letter on p. 1). J\V. 7 G W, 4 3 8, JW",draft; LC Cal., NG, draft. Postc ri pt not .in G W: P .S ple..1seto ~iGndt.1 lC l ~tte r to Gen~ Herd i1nn1e diately

1c:: Superscription 1 p. 4: (On pub]ic service) The Honb Mnjor General Lincoln at ~-Iidd]e llrook G; "- 1ashington Docketed by Lincoln, p. 4: Fron1 Gen 1 Washington April 19ili 1777

l i 7 7 A pril 2 o. w ~s.hington (Morristown) to Lincoln ri\Hd dlc hroo k] - i\1S. L.s. 1 f. ( Jetter on p. T-2 ) • TT. Un published. Head Quarters I\.iorris Tovvn 20 th April 1777 De~r Sir l h nvc your.s "\viththe Return of your Div ~sion. I o bservc that the Return of the two independent Corr1paniesfa much :::;maHcrth~u1 the hst and the dcfidency not accounted for~ J therefore desire the C:iptaainsIll~Y u~called upon to knov:.1' ,vhat js become of their "1..ien.I '8.lsoobserve that there arc cig[1t J\1en of the Corps under Ch-ambers aLsc1)t on furlough, l desire that ·tbcy U)ay be ordered in a~ ,vell :is those f rrnn the other Co rps and I b cg that no more ~c granted on ally tern1s , v hat.cvcr, just at this th n c. I have ordered up the Brigade of Jersey Alilirfa uncle r the Con1n1-::in d of Gen 1 I-Ica rd to this place, und I desire that ·what Jersey j\'1ilitia are ,vith you nrny likC\\'1sc con1e up, I shall instantly more than replace r.bcm, ,vith the scvernl Dctatchn1cnt" nf New- England+ and pennsylvania Regulan; th.at are 110,v here. I have recd infornrntion tlrnt the· F.nen1y have brought uvcr s:on)e of their Boats to Rt-Ulli\vic and that they arc fixing them upon Carriages, pray en- deavour to get a person into the Tov/n fo kno,v the truth of this, and if it is so~ ho,v .soun they tnove. I ~un Dear Sir )rr;.; Genl I . t1coln Gt) \1/ashingtori turn over- P. S. If youthink sending off the Militia from Bound Brook Lefore tho dc- tatclunen.t I intend to send do,vn arrives ,vill ...veakcn you too n1uch, you n1ay keep tI l c•n till the detatc lun cn t does a.rriv~ '1.11d then send th c~n off '1uiet1y Send the inclosed to Gen 1 Hcard- N o Superscript j on

Docketed hy Lincoln, p. 2: Fron1 his Excellency Gen1 \Vashington i 1 t . April 1777

4 17 77 i A.pril 2 7. \"\1 ashjngton ( 1\1.orristo,vn) to Lin co 1 n [i1idd lebroo k] 1\1.S.L.s. 1 f. 1-1 1 (letter un p. AH. 7 G }f 1 480, TT, dr~ft; 5 Ford, 342; 4 Sparbt 402; LC Cal., Tr~ draft. . No su pcrscri pt ion, no doc kcting

5 1777, October 26. W'1shi[1gton ( 15 1nilcs fro1n Philadelphia [Whitpain]) t? Lincoln [Alb~ny]/ 30 l\,lS.L.s. 1 L (kttcr on p. 1-z.). TT. 9 GJ--V,428, TTt

draft; 5 Sparks1 r 15; LC Cal.1 TT, draft. ·

Dated 2 5 October c777 in G fV, SparksJ LC Ctil. No supc r.scri p1:ion,no docketing

1771-3~January 10~ \Vasf1jngton (V.alley Forge) to J,..jncoln (Albany), l\·1S.L. unsigned. I f. (letter on P· l-2). AH. 1\-larkcd ~Copy\ [0 G n.r, fl 5' R Hlil 2 draft; 6 ii·ordt S9 n.; 5 Sparks 1 1: 17; I...CCal. 1 RHH, draft. No .superscription

Docketed Ly Lincolnj p. 4: From Gen' Wjshington Jatp· zoth 1778

7 l 7 78, F cbrua ry 9. ·W :ishang ton (\-'aHey F o rgc) to Linea ln (Albany). NlS. L.s+ z L (letter on p. r)T RI-IHr IO GTP't4411 RHH, draft; l..,CCal., RHH! draft. Superscriptioni p. 4~ /On public service/ i\·lajor General Lincoln at .Albany [Jn \Vashington\ hand: J G 0 W:tShington

Dockete~ hy Lincoln, p. 4~ Fron1 Gen 1 Washington FcLY 9th [ 1778 added later]

1778, October 2. \V~hm.gton ('Colo Brh1kcrhoff1s, lnear Fishkill]) to Linl:oJn. MS.L.~. i f+ (letter on p. ·1-3). Rl~H. 13 G TV,6, Rl-lI-1, draft; LC Cal., RHlI) dntft. No superscription

Docketed hy T,incoln, p. 4: Frmn I-Jis Excellency - Octr z<:1I 778

oc-Lincoln at Al l}:anyi.vs.:s recovering f .ron1 the wound received ne.l r Sa rato g~.

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.,.

56 Harvard Library Ertlle.tin

9 1778, October 3. \Vnshington tCol) Brinkcrhuff'f [near Fisld,iH]) to· Lincoln. l\.olS.L.s.1 f. (letter on p. 1). RI Jf-1 13 GTJT, 17, RHH, drafr; 6 Sparl-.""Sj74; LC Cal,i RJ-lH, draft~ No sup c.rscrjpt.ion, no docked ng

lO 1778, October 9. Washington (Frederk~{sburg [N+ Y.] to Lincoln (Pb1bdd- phia) .a1 A.L.s. 1 f. (letter on p .. 1). UnpubHsl1ed.

Rcpro dncc d as Pl ate I Fredericksburg Oct. 9th 78 Dear Sir, J mn sorry I happened to n1iss you yesterday.~ I "Taited till t,vo O clock Pi\1, in expectation of yon1· ar.riv1-1l,and then divided n1y family upon difft nH1.ds

but all uf us cK:a1Jcd yonr ~rnl.ct. - conceiving that this might happcn1 1 left a fc\v introductory LC'ttcrs (for you to so1nc of the first Gentlemen in Carolina) , vith Daron Kalb.,82 and ,vould no,v inclosc you others to rn y f rl ends in V frgr, ff I kne,v ·what rout you w·o,.1ldtake~ Ilut, uncertain of tbis, & pcrswad_cd you ,vjll not go out of yr ,vay or :stt1ylong enough in \Tirg 1 to avail yourse-Jf of

any civilities, 1 ==in:•ccru.;n n1y C.ountry me.n ,vould ,vjsh to she"'· you 1 J have

declined troubling you· with 1i1orc than one to ]\.1I="\iVashington 1 \\·ho \\Jill Le happy io scc1ng, & she,:ving y·uu every rnal'k of csteen1 if yon should go by the \1,ra y of A le._'{andria. J 1nost sincerely 1..vishyou the n)ost perfect recovery of your Leg- a plc11s11nt journey- <"L11da~1 r1greeahle & honorable Cotnm-nnd. - I shall :?alwaysbe g1ad to hear f rorn yuu hcin g ,~·it !1cvY Sentiment of re g~rd. Dr Sj r ·

\' 1 l\.·1ost O l,ed t & A ff eere j-Jbl~ Servt G 0 \"\'ashington PS. If you should go thro Alex~, you \vill :ils:o pass FicJ!!:, I ha vc therefore gl ven you 3 . ~crt~ r to a Brother in la \V ~-::tof n1jnc i 11 th at Toi.vn.

1 Superscription 1 by \i\/"ashingtont p. 4= To ~laj' Gen Lincoln at Philadelp~ Favored by l\1aj1Clarke

l?ockctcd py Lincolnt p- 4: Fro1u Gcn 1 \Vashington _ Oct. 9. 17fo:

;li Lincoln ,vc1sjust starting f<.r South Carolina 1 V{hcre he nmrn.incd until May 178D, Baron tlc I(..alb, in cornrn!md

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l I r 779~M~rch r 5. Washfr1gton (i\11dJlebrook) to Lincol[1 ICharleston J. J\-1S.L.s. I f. (Jetter on P· 1-1 TT. J4 G ffT, 2.40, n~ draft; LC C:al.l1T,. draft. Postscript not in GlV~ I beg ]e~vc to recon1mend Lt CoI0 Laurens \.vho ,,,.rill deliver you this., to _your particnlrr notice. No supe rscripd on Dockct:ctl by Linco]n, p. ·2 Fro1n Ge1l·\, 1ashington 15~h A-1:irch 1779

12 1779! July 30. ,vashington (\~rest Point) to Lincoln fCharlcston]. lvlS.L.s. i £. {letter on p. 1~3) AT-J. 16 G JJ.r.,16, A l~I, dr-aft; LC Cal.~A Hi dn\ft. o sup ~rscri ption

Docketed by l~inco]n] 1 p. 4! Fro1n Gen v~.-rnshingtun July 30 17 79

13 1779) Scpten1hcr :8. \V~shington ('\Vest l1oj11r) tu Lincoln LClrnrleston]. 1\1S.L.s. 4 f. (Jetter on pT1-5). AH. 16 GlV, 350, ~I-I!_ draft; 8 Furd, 59; 6 Sparks, 357; LC Cal., AH .. dr~{r. · \ 1 arfant: (p::uagr..-iph4) !"mere for cJnore~ecurity' N r, s ll persc dption

Dock~l(':d by Lincoln, p. 8: General "\V-as:hington· S.cp(2S 11 1779-

17791 OctoLc:r 26. \V~shjngton (\l'est Point) to Lincoln [Ch-adc.stunJ .. MS.L.s. l f. (Jetter un P· 1-2). AI-I.. 17 GlV! 30, T~fjl draft; r...cCal., 'lT., drnft. No superscdption

Docketed by Lincoln, p. 4: Gen 1 \Vashlngton Octr :z.6.I779

15 1780! February :z.7.. Washington (A1orrjsto,vn) to Lincoln [Charle~on]. MS.L.s. 2 f. (letter on p. 1-3). JM. 1-8 GlV, 55i AH, drnft; 8 Fordi 204; 6 Spark~! 474;,LC Cal., AHi d~ft. . · Variants: (paragraph 5) Jlongt omitted ~rfore ~since'; 'ac~ounts' for ~jnforma- tion'

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Harvard Library B11lleti11 No superst:.dption Docketed by Lincoln] p. 4~ Gen 1 \:Va."'hington FebY 27 1780

16 . !\-1S.L.s. 17 8o, April 2: ~. Washington ( lvlorristo-\·vn) to Lin coIn [Charle.st.on] AHJ draft. 1 f. (letter on p. 1~2)_. RHl-I. 18 GlV, 306, AH, draft; LC Cal., No superscription J)ocketed by Lincoln~ P· 4: Gen 1 vV~shington Ap 1 28. 178n

17 Ji'~lls] N. J.] :u. to Lincoln 1 7:-1otJuly 26. \V-ashington [Preakncss 1 near Pas~--aic RHH, draft; 7 [Hinglrnn1].J~ A1S.L.s. J f. (1cltCl"on p. 1 ). DJ-1 r9 GJJ/ 1 i59, Sparks, l 22; tC Cal., RI-II-I,draft. ·

No !1uper scrip ti on i 6 17So Do ckctcd by Lin co 11 np. 2: Gen' Washington July

17801 Septen1bcr Io. Washington [Ilerge[1 County] to Lincoln [l-Iingham]. dl·aft; 8 Ford, 41:9, J\,1S.L.srl f+ (letter on P+]-2). RI{IrJ, 20 G W1 17, RHH, i Sparks! 193; LC Cal., RHHl draft. ~rarfo.nt: (1rnragraphi) 'I ~ad, f~nnded, for 'I had found' No superscription Docketed by Lincolni p. 2: Gen 1 Wrtshington Septr 10, I780

19 A.L.s+1 f+ J 780, Novernber 8. Washington (Passaic Falls) to Lit1coln [Dos.ton]. 290; LC (letter on p+ 1-2). io GlTrt 31 Zi GW, drnft; 9 Furd, ;! J a., 7 S~rks1 Cal.l c,,,,

20 Lincoln [Hoston J .. 178 1J February ro. W-ashington (Ne\\· Windsor) to

~1 N o-w a part of Fatcr.sonl New Jcrsey, .~=- Lincoln ,\-as at home in I-IiE1gham,~s n pri soncr on parole.

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Ne·w Letters of George JfTashington 59 1\1S.L.s. 2 f+ (letter on p. 1~4). lJH.' 21 GW, io7t DI:t draft; LC draft Cal., fJI-I., No superscription Docl-rctcdby Lincoln~ p. 4: I-UsExce1lcncy Gcn1 "\Vnshington Fehnrnry 10th -178'1

2 I

I 7s [.,F cbruary 2 J. ,\ 7 fl.Shington (N C\\r \\ 1in dso r) to L in~oln [ noston 1- i\1S.L.s. r f. (letter on p. 1-z). TT~ 21 GW~ 164~ TT, draft; LC Cal., TT 1 draft. \ No superscr j ption l)ocketed by Lincoln, p. i: Gen Washington 21l!it FebY r 78 r

1 7 8 i , }~ cbruary 2 7. \V i1sh ing ton (N cw l\rindsor) to Lincoln [ Boston J• C\-·!STL.s, • f. (letter on p. 1 ~.z). 2. Tl'~ 1 G W, 3071 TT, draft; 9 Ford, I 70~ 7 Sparks., 438; LC Cal.t TT, draft. No superscription Docketed (in penci1) by Lincoln, p. 2: Gen Washington Feb 17 1781

!3 1781., A1lril 4. Washington (New \Vindsor) to Lincoln [Boston]. MS.L.s. z f~ (letter on p .. 1-3). Tr. 2 r GJ.V~412, 'ITt draft; 9 Ford~ 200; 7 Sparks, 465; LC Cnl.1 TI~~ draft. No supcrscription Docketed by Lincoln, p. 4: Gen Washington Apri1 4th 178 i

24 z 7~h, May 11, Vlashington (New Windsor) to Lincoln [lloston]. j\f S.L.s. 1 f. (letter p. 1). TT. on 2z GlV) 721 Tr, drnft:; 8 Sparks, 39; T.C Cal., TT., draft. No superscription Docketed by Lincoln, p. 2: From Gcni w~shington Mi1y r 1th l781

-.,.... - 1781 i July 1. Washington (near Peekskill) to Lincoln [P-cokskiil]. 1\1.S.L.s. 4 f. (letter on 1--7). p. Tr .. i2 GW, 301, TTi draft; 9 Ford, 2.9! 8 Sparks., 90; LC Ctfl. ., TT, draft,

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60 I-larvard Library BuI Ie tin The order of the last t,vo paragraphs of text is reversed; end the sentence 'If you Jand, send an officer al)d sn1al1 party up the mnin Roa

Docketed by-Linco1n1 p~8: l11strnction July I 781 -

26 .

l]Sli July 2. \~Vashington (Tarryto,v1l) to Lincoh1 [near IGng·sbridge]. I\.1S.L.s. I f. (letter un P· i ). DH .. :2.l G T-V,32 I~ DJ-Ii draft; LC Cal., n·H.,"dr~ft. Head1ng: ~r-Ieights of 'farry Town'

P~ragraph 1 : 'or to prcvc.nt their rctrcatin g if they nre out+' added to first sentence No SUJJcr~c ri ption

DocReted Ly Lincoln~ p. 2: July 2d 1781. From Gcn 1 \Vashing-ron

27 J78r, Augu.i::t6. \Vashington (Dobbs Fe1"Ty) to Lincoln [C(unp]. 1'1S.L,s. i. f. (letter on P· 1-3). TTT lnstt11ction$. ? 2 (i TV, 470, TTi dr~fr; tc Cal., Tr, draft.

No sup crscri ption

Dockct~d Ly Lincoln: p. 4: Fron1 Gcn1 Washington A~gt G. 1781

.. 2 8

r 761, August i.8. ,,lasl1ington (Chc-1tham,· N. J .) to Lincoln [Ch'J.thamJ. _i\1.S.L,s .. -z f. (letter on· p. , :--3). JT. :Instructions. · z J G JV, 59! GW, di·aft (;,vith one ,vord, 'occasioning' for ~a-voiding!:·suhstitutcd by JT); LC Cal.1'G\V, draft. · ·

\T-a.rfant: (]a~t sentence of tc:,._._""t)~suffit:icnt to have destroyed the cnrrhiges' for 'snfficien t to de.st.roy J1al f the car rin.ges'· Addoo, in \.v"~shington"s hand~ ~hove his signature! Gh.,.cnat Chatharr1 this :t8th d~y of Augt I 781

No suIl c.rscri pti on Docl[ctcd by Lincoln, p. 4: ,v~Js h ington A ug!3t2 Blh 1 7 8 I

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New Letters of George lf 7dshington 61

29 .

1781t August 29. vVashington (Bruns,vick) to. Lincoln. 1\-1S.L.s.1 f. (letter on p. 1). Jl". Unpublished,

Dcn.r Sir

L-aH Evening I received Ad·vicc from Gen 1 Fonnan tio of the A..rrivnl of 18 lar'gc Ships of \Var, 1vhich ·were

\Vith much Regard & F~i;;tcen1 I a1n D Sir Your most Ob l Scrvt G 0 W ~~hington 1\.-1Gen1 Lincoln -

Superscrjptim1t· p. 1: Public Se-rvicr: 1VIajorGeneral Lincoln [ in \\'ashin gton is hand; ] G 0 \:V'il.S! 1i ngto n

I) Ol'.kcted_ by Lincoln~ p. 2 : f ron 1 (; en~ \'\r :1s~1in gton August i 9. 1 7g r

· •781 1 August 31. '\~'~shington (Phibdclphia) to Lincoln fTrenton]. i\1S.L.-s. 2- f. {letter on p. 1.. ,4)~ JT. 13 G IF, 69, JT,. draft; LC Cal., JT\ dr~lft.

The follo·wjng addenda, jn Y\1asbingto_n1s hand, are not in GJV (,vhich othcr- ,vfac-shows \.111dationsin phra~ing): P~H"3graph3 'a. n1ilc'!inserted foIJo\,·ing 'aho,·c the Ferry'; 'the ·waggons & ftrtilkry' inserted f ollo,ving 'expeditrons to prrss'; 'The troops arc to cro~ at the ferry.-·-' ~ddcd a.snote at end Paragraph 5: 'under active officers f?]' added ~t end Parngrnph 7: "There j~ no better ro:id than by this cityt jnscrtcd follo,ving tto the Head of Elk'

D avj d F o rn1ant Brigc1.Jicr G enerill of in ilitia, ,va s then Jnci tc.d on the N e,i,.• J crscy co~t. 1-li!i harsh tr-eatn1ent of Loyalists v,•on hiin the name 'Dc\·li David/ C!OTI Sim De W itc ,vas c1tdered to st11·vcythe road · co I Icad of Elk ( 2 3 G lV, 68-69).

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62 I-Iarvard Library Rufleti11 No super.Seript ion JJacketed hy J.,incoln, p. 4: Washington Aug-51 30~ t 7 8,

... 1 _)

17~1, August 3 r. \Va5hlngton (.Phi!~dclphc~)to I.,incoln [Trenton]. J\fS.J... s~ 1 2 L (letter on p. 1 ~2). J~f. 2, G Jf7, 7 l, JT, draft; LC Cal. ., ]T, draft. l rintcd herewith., in vic,.,.rof nun1crous text variation~ .in GW.

DSir Since n1y Letter of this ;..forn~ upon Com;ultrrtion ,vlth Count Rochnmheaui 1 find him inclined to nrnrch the French l''roops by Land from Trenton to J:-Icad of Elk- ,vhich ,viB giYe a l~rger proportion of Craft for the Amerkrrn Stores & Troops- y· ou will therefore, notwithsnmd(:: my prececdii; Let t:cr, after ~llotI a sufficient N111nbcr for the French ·Baggage &c (their Requst fsic] .is Six) 1 first 11ut on

Ilo.1rd the "VVatcr Cl'aft such H-eavy Storcs1 Baggag~ Clorrtbr.--Tools~ Gan·j son Carri ages & Sll ch othe l' ··rhi ngs _as.Col 0 Lani b & you ~hnll think proper, & then en1b~rkthe Troops on Roard the Cr~ft-& let thc1n faU down the Ri·ver to Christina fsic] Hrjd g e ns soon :Js possiLlc - reserving only .such Nun~bcr of lv1cn as ,v-IIIbe necessary to cross the Land ·with the \½:aggons & Baggage that ,vill go .on in tlrnt \"Vay- & send"' on to this Place the I oo /'Vien rcqu~ted [sic] th is l\-1orn~ - G cn1 l{nox hrIBjust mentioned to n1e d 1at smn Part at least of the A rd Ilery Stores, ·with sonlCof the Artillery, had bc..i;;tpjss hy Land '"-itho11t any Chnnge A.S.they are lightly load cd for the P urp osc of cas y Carri age & the shif tj ng on Board C,·aft n1ay uccasion 1nuch Trouble & Oday~ you ,,.,.ill think on this Circ lU us tan cc - · In Ford:a: the 'VVaggons& C-arringcs particular Care 1nust be taken thrit no Accident take Place by 111isc_rossing- The Q.~-1G,vjll direct \Vhnt Nun1ber of Spare Waggons, co~,:--etcll& Open, ,viU be ncccssa l' y to take along to a, dstiana llrid g:c,~for th c P nrpo.se of Trans- port~ ti on fnnn thence to H ad of Elk~ these ,vill aisu go on Ly l ,.,ln d -

lVith much R<:gard & Estccn1 I an1 D Sir \' our niost Obedt Servant G~ WAshington

the Qj\-1G will see the Boats coin~ on ,vit.h Cr..rtlandts Rcgt put inr.o Rcpairi inunedfa tel y on their C'..on1i up these ,v ill ta.kc d 01.v n th-e Regt thn t cco m- pa nies them - & perhrrp:s some other ~1attcn,;- Dcsire our AQr..1- to g1vc ~11the ksistancc · in h,s Power to the -French

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New L(!tterf of George JfTashing ton Tioops- in their Crossing the River~ & in any ot~icr Circun1stance.in ,vhic-h they may Need his Aid Majr Gen 1 Lincoln

No superscriptjo nj no do ckcting

178r I Septen]bcr r 1., W~hington (Mount Vernon) to Lincoln_ [Head of ElkJ. MSTL.s.2 f. (Jetter on p. 1-i)~ JT. i 3 Glf', 11 Jt JT., draft; LC Cal., JT, draft. · No superscript• on, no d,ocketing

33 178t, Decen1bcr 3-0. \\''clsbington (l 1hiludelphia) to Lincoln._'Sccreta1y at War' [Phifadelphfa]. A.L.s. 2 f. (letter on p. 1). 2 3 G lV, 4i 4) Tr, dn1ft; 8 Sparks, 2 2.0; r..cCal.l cct TTl dr:;aft.

Paragraph i: 'cxe.rtjons of the Gcne.rar rGenen1.ls 1 in G TJT)in the autograph manusc_ript appears to refer to Linco]n excl11.:;ivcly._not to the officers col- lectively. No superscription . .

Docketed by Lincoln, p. 2: 30th Der 1781 I 11scrtcd a bovct in another h[Ind~ Gen 1 \1/ ash in ton [ sic; cf. No. 35 ]

34· -1782,. January 20. \Vashington (Philaddphia) . to Lincoln [PhHadclp~ia]. A~L,5, 6 f. (letter on pT1-9).. 2 3 G JV, 452, Tf, draft; LC Cal.i CC, TT, draft. P. 9 (in Washington's hand): HonUc: J\faj' Gcn 1 Linco]n Secretary at ''-'ar No superscription

Docketed (not ~YLincoln), p. 1.1! January 20. lj81 General Washington On the su h j ect of recruiting and supporting the A merjc~n Am1y -

35 l 782, April 2 5. Washington (Newburgh) to Lincoln [Philade1ph..iaJ.A .L.~. 8 f. (letter on p._1-J3). 24 GlV, 164i G\V; LC Cal .._ GW; PCC, DH. One notes 1i\.'lth R~tonishn1ent that three of the copies o-f this lengthy letter, replete ,rith figures, are in l\Tashington's hand. Variants: P. i,], 1 o~ 'c~~JU5jvc9f 1\ilarin~s:' for 'en elusive of M}ldncs' ( OW 1 164)

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H «rvard Library R11.lletin P. 3, 1. 15: 'Upon European principles' Legin5 a o·c·wsentence; 1. l?i '37,170• for '36~J 70' {G JV~165 ). P. 7., ].i 1: '11 )ooo i\.'lcn'un(k:r~cored (G TV~167) P. 8, 1.4: 'clearly' for 'fairly' (G l¥ 1 168) 1 P. • Zi L 2 r 1 'conquest of that .pfocc ("\vith 'that place' ,vritten oycr ·'Nc\v Yur k1 crnscd) for .[conq ucst of Nev~-· York'; 1. 2 3, cthat point' canceled; 11. 24-:2 5t 1,dth such n1eans :lS I expect tu he pos~essed of1 for ',~.1ith .1ny n1eans I hav·c kno,v]edge of at prcst' ( G JV, 17u- t 7 r) No supc rs cr ip~ion ])ocketed by Lincolrii p. 16: April 15th 1782. Inserted a hove, in another hand: General Wa~hint-on [sic; cf. No. 3 3]

36 [? 178i1 i\1~y]r A. nicn1orandun1 unsigne.

R~producCl~ ~15Plate JI · I ••••.',I Wh.?.tcan induce Congress to rcstra1n the Is~~~~s~·of.~he full rnunhc.r of R~tions to any Officer ;n the Arn1y w ,vhich his ranlr.eiiH~lcs,-J,im;,i0 hcn 1 jf they mCtln· fair., it i5, to thr pnbH~, -amere ntatte.r of i\f oonsh.itie~.:.whc_ther the Financier pays the valUC of them to· t:J\"rl t Officer if he docs not dra,1i."tltcn1 --- or to the Con- tn1cto~ if he do es~ · · ·. · · Can these things fail to j r r it-ate? .- and -irri rnting; ;.ire they not pregnant with n1ischicf? - b it policy? - ls it justice to kt:.ep ;.'L sore constAntJy gnngref1:ed ,vhen no goo~ end js} or c;1n be an.sw·crcdby it? -Should i\.lcn \Vho huve endured murc! S:.recci \,.Cd )e5-1iuf ti 1cir pay than any other c fo~s of People in puh1ic Scrvice,-havc·solittle con~1dcration or attention paid to their Intere:;t & Con1forts? \Vould to God fahc ·policy-inattention- or something ehcj _n_rnynot be produetive of disagreen1cnN \vhich 1nay prove irr-econcilable No si1pe1·scripdon .Docketed by Lincoln) p. ·z: Pri\i-ate mcmorandm Gen 1 Washington

37 to Lincoln IPhifadelphill] . i\1S. L, 17 82 t June 5. ,v'1shington [N e\\~burgh1

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New Letters of George JJ7ashington

unsigned. 1 f ..(letter on p. 1). JTr .24 GlY, 314 n., dn\ft; LC Cal.1 CC, JT~

draft; PCC..,JT. Unpuhfo,hed except for p:1ss-.1gc'and wThh to pay + •• Your o,vn H an,rquoted in G TV. Head Q11nrtcrs 5th June 1782 Sfr 1 take the Liberty to ~encl to your C,are, u adcr a flying Seal~ l he inclosed Address of the Oiuccrs of_the Army on the happy Event of the Birth of a Dauphin~ . ShouI

Docketed, in \"V.ishington's hm1d, p. 2 ! To 1\,f::1VGen 1 Lincoln 5 th June 8i A Is-oon p. -i.1 j n Lincoln's hand: "' ashin gton

38 1783, Fehnrnry 26. \Vashington r~e,vburgh] to Lincoln [Fhi1adelphia].,

l\4S.L.s. i f. (]cucr on p. 1-1). DH. 26 G lJT, J 67, DI-{ dmft; LC Cal.1 CC, DH, draft; PCC, DH. No superscription

Docketed by Lincoln, p. 4~ Gen ''-'a..c;;hington 2-6 FcJ.)Y1783 Priv~tc

l 78 6, April 1 o. Washington ( Mount V erno [I) to Lincoln [Hing h.im r J+ A.L.s. 1 f. (letter on p. 1-2-). 28 G W 1· 405., Lec~cr Book; 9 Sparks, 1 57.. Prjntcd here- ,vi th froJn a utog ra ph origin ::11,in v ic,v of variations in Letter Rook copy in G JV.

Mount \icmon Apr 1 1011i 17$6 l\ly dear Sir, · The violent rains, and consequent freshes, Juve given such interruptio1'l:to the: Stage,;;;in this part of the \i;.1orld:1-as to prevent your favor of the t5tli. Ult° getting to nly hand~ ti II Sa.turda y fast. l acccdc to tl1c s111nof T,..,..o hundred Dollars in addition to the sti pulation!i mentioned in my last 1 as compensation for J\1~Lear's Services a year; and shal1

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66 Harvard JJibraryBulletin to be gl::n.lto rccehTe hin1 into 1ny family ~s soon ~s he cat1 make it convenient to repair to it. -At any rate I shrrll be gfo.d to kno'lx, ~s nearly fl.S nrn.yb~\ \\'hen expect hrmi that l n1ayarrnnge nutttc.rs accordingly. - There. c~n be Htdc doubt of !\1i-Lcals ohtaining, by rnclhod & ~rrrtngerncnt'., '-'-~h, n1orc tin1e than he speaks of for study, - to facilitate, rather than remrd as f3r ::lsit can be 1nade to comport "\Viththe purposes for ,vhich he i~ e1nploycd, \Vould give 1ne plc~sure. -With the greatest cstccn1 & regard~

" I 3.TII' D Sir y, i\-iost Obed. :i.n d A:ff(;C:t." Servant · Gci \Vashington Genl Lincoln.

No s Llpcr!;cription th ]) ocketcd hy Lincoln, p. z.! Gen ,, 1 c1;l li ngton A pri1 1 o 1 7 R6

7 Jr 1.787, February 24. \Vashington (1'-fou·ot \ emon) to llcnja1nin Lincoln, [Hingh,1111!"].~s l\1S.L. sign~ture cJipped. 1 f. (letter on p. 1 ~fL? :29 G lVi 1 67, Letter Book. · · Paragrn.ph 1: ~totnr ou1ittcd be! ore ~suppression of the insurgcnL~' . ' . Paragraph 2 \dl the rights of Citi:t.cnsr~ip'for 'all righr to Citizenship, No superscription, no docketing

41 1787, j\-1-arch~q. ~ 1ashington (!\.1ount Vernon) to Lincoln. A.L.s. 2 f. (l~u.cr 1 1::.7 (fast p~ragra.ph 01nitted}; on p. 1-3). :29.G 1,v.,18 i I Letter Book; r Ford, 9 Sp~rks! 2 38. No su persc ri ption Docketed by L1ncoln, p+4~ Gcn 1 W-ashington Aiarch 2.3~ [ 787

42 A.L:s. i f. (letter 1788i January 3 L ¼r~shington (Mount ,rernon) to Lincoln. on p. 1~3), 19 GHl, 395, Letter Book; 9 Sparks, 310.

1 jn The foUo,ving passages are aut in G TV ('which othcn /ise sho11~svariations phrasing)! in letter. - 1 Par~graph i: '&c::.,And also for the information cont~incd your added follo\vjng the first sentence Elden son of the GcneFa1,1-Ia.rvard 17J7J died 178S.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) "J\Te,wLetters of George TVarhington Last paragraph: 'in ,vhich l\1.-s\,lashington joins inc' ad

Docketed by Lincoln, p. 4: Gen \Vash1ngton Jan:.-·3 rst r 7 ~rn

1788, FehruAry 11. Washington (;,._fount \ 1 crnon) to Lincoln. A.L.:s. 2 f. (]cu.er on p. 1-2 ), 2.9G JfT~ 4 L1:, Letter Dool~; 9 Sp.1.rks~3 2 i, No superscr j pd on

Docketed by Linco]n 1 p. 4: G \Vashington Fch r cth r 788

r 788, Fcbrn:-1ry29. Wa.i;hington (l\.-lount V crnun) to Lirtcoln. A.L.s. 2 f. (kttc:r on p. !~3). ::!9 G Tf\ 42 6, Letter Rook; 1 r Fordj :z1:8~ 9 Sparl~~, 32-9. Printed herewith from autograph origjnali in vie"'~ nf VArhttions in Lcltcr Book copy in GW. AH three prjntcd versions are dated 2.B (not z9) }'cbrual'} ...,

1V1onntVornon FebY-29fa 178S · ft.1y dear Sir~

I I,rivc to acknn\vlcdgc the Ieceipt of your three letters of the 3u 6th & 9c.h instr -The jnfonnatiun conveyed by the fast "\\1~lS cxtrcn1ely pleasing to nl-C\ tho' I cmu1ot say it '-VUS:altogether unexpected: as the tenor of your forn1~r lencrs J 1ad .in so1ne 1neasure, prep are d n1c I or the even t 1 Lu t the con d uct uf the minority --;;v~smore pleasing and s~tisfactory than could have been looked for fronl the debates.~ The fnH & f8ir discus$ion which you gave the subject in your Convention ·wa~ m:tcnllcd ·with the happiest consequence~; it nfforde:d coinplcat inforanation to all those v.-·hoscminds were open to convjction 8nd at the S3n1e tin1e give an opportunjty to confute., ~nd point out the falh1cy of thoRe .i::pccio\lSarguments ,vhich \vere offercrl Jn opposition to the proposed Government. - Nor is this ~.11,the co11ciliatingbeh~vjour of the minori• y ·will strike a dan1p on the hopes ,vhich opponents in other States n11ght other,vise ha vc f orincd fro n1 the snm nncss of the n1aj or j ty: and n1ust be grca tl y in flucncinl in obtaining a f avonrablc determination in tho~e States \vhich have not yet decided up on it, l'hcrc is not pcrh~ps a 1n-nnin Virginia less -inaEficd than I 'Jtll, to ~ay fron1 his o,.,.,n knoivledge & observation, ,vhat "\vjli be the fate of the f"..onstitntion here-for I very seldo1n ride Lcyond the Hmit

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) I. , , , I, I I, I_,, , ' ' I ,_, I 1,, , , , 'I ' • • • • • - · -- ••••• - · •• - •• • • I . ···:· ·--•-t•

' 68 H arva-rdLi(lr(ff J' Bulletin could have been t~ansn1itted tne since t.1ictne;eting of your ConYendon, nothing to inform more grateful or acceptable to n1c, I an1 alsu obliged by your pco1nise 1 shaU,. at all n1e of any i1nportant matters that may t1-an~pirc and you kno\,r joins titnes [~belwppy' on1itted] to hear of your i.velfarc. - .:\-1r.sVv~ashington ,vith sentiments of the n1c in every good "\\1ish for you 3Ud your fan1Hy-- and greatest e~te~m & ,rcgard - I arni j\f y- dear Sir yr Obed' & Affect.I:'-Servt G 0 \Vas hin gton The IIontilc G cn1 J Jincoln No s upc rscription • Docketed by Linculni P· 4: GcnCJ"i11v·v ~shington

45 A. L.s. 2 f. (1ette r r 7 8f.\ 1'f arch I o. \V :.-1.shin gton ( l'viount \Ternon) to Lin co h1. Iron, on P· l-2). 29 G TfT,440, Letter Rook; 9 Sparks, 334· Printed herewith in G T-V. autograph originalj in ~rie,vof var-i:.uionsin Letter lloo~ copy

i\1ount Vernon ~1.arch ro th 178S

i\1y dear Sir1 it cnine I bc1ieve none of your letters to me have mis-carried as r have the G~z_ettcs-containing the dchates of your Con\Tcntion very regularly.~ in Ne\v- I am sorry t.o hear that the Li;;sueof the proposed Govemincnt ht1.ve Ha m pshirc is., in any measu r~ d nbi ous 0 u r accounts fr01n that quarter the expectation bee~ favorable in the highest deg.rec, they ·would have justified of an unanimous vote ln their Con,~cntion. · Con- The grO\!j.7ing a~t-achmcnt of the People i t1 your State to the proposed It she\vs that stitution b certainly -a.strong proof of it~ general excellence: due & irnpartial cnnsidcratio-n of the subject "\Vllldecide in its -favor: 1 judg1nt At the end of the present i\1onth ~ e shc1l1be able to forn1 to]crahle Convention of Vi:-hat11rnv be its fate here, as our returns for the dc1e{!ates.... w the . .. generally ,vill he kno-.vn at: that .tin1e,and the chan~cters chostn 1vill be pretty 1 -asthat. ,vill decided in thei1Topinipns upon the 1n11ttcr hEforc their dclegation information~ determine the people jn thuir choice. - The general tenor of the 1 ngree in tlic ,vhich I de1ivc from those Gentlemen " ho call up.on nm, sccn1sto to render the · oppositions loosing f.sic] ground here; nnd that nothing is wanting a people ~o fafourab1y Isic] disposed tO'\\'ards it ns to put the decision beyond ~--The doubt but a proper representation nf, and in.forn1:ationupon the subject. Ne, 1il opponents -are indefatigable in their exertions~ \vhile the friends to the "•jU forfll scctn to rest the issue upon the goodness of their Cause. --- '"fherc Con- u!ldouhtcd1y be a grc·ater ,:vcight of ahilitics against the adoption in this harac.::tcrs'\\Tho first \Tention than in :.:iny other; It ,vns to b c expected f ro1n the c

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) I· . - ' I • .-

New Letter5 of George 1-Vasbiugton ded ared against it here, but nonvj thstnn ding this, my opinion is:.( ~s it e \~er has been) that it urill be recei:vcd-With the highest cstccin & re.g~rd I :nn i\1 y

Docketed by Lincoln, p. 4: Gen ,vashington. i\·larch 1 oth l 7 88

1788., April ;2:. \Vashington (Mount V'ernon) to Lincoln. A.L.:s. i f. (letter on P·· 1 ). i9 G lV~ 451, Letter Book. · Paragraph 1; follo,ving .:,vilI.strengthen the opposition/ the "rords Jin this St~tc' ha\.Tebeen canceled and 'here; the 1nc1nbcrsof ·which' interlined; the line then contiilllCS 'are not scrupulous in Jeclar.ing, th~t, the adjournment i.,:ras ,~lith design to kn o~v the rcsul t of this Convc tl tion. - t '"The only ground~· brgins n cw par:.:tgraph. End of text; JBut not\vithstan ding these un f-.=tir and unjust representations, l do not despair of its adoption in this State, - With the sincerest regard & esteen1'

+ I +

No supe.r.scription 1 no docketing

47 1788~ M.1.y2., Wc1sl1ington (A·1ount \lernon) to Lincoln. MS.L.s. -i. t {letter on p. r-3 1'L? z9 GW, 488, Letter Book; 11 Ford, 2 6 i; 9 .Sparks, 363. \l3dants= Sentence r 1 19 th of 1\1:1rch1 for 129 of !viarchi-· Sentence 2, beginning JI can J)O\V, ,vith plcasure,t not paragraphed Penultimate p~t~agraph:'pcr\~rtde the State' f nr 'pcrv;1dothe St;1tes;' (tbc text referring to J\1 nssA ch us etts'.' not to th c St :-1tcs jn gene'ral)

No S\ tpcr.scri ptiun

Docketed hy 1 ,incolnj p. 4 ( order thus): Gcn 1 \,, 1ashington May z 1788 ~--ron\

1788, June 29. Washington (J\.1.ount Vernon) to Lincoln. A.L.s. 2 f.. (kttcr on p. 1-3). 3n G iv, 1 1, Letter llooki 11 Fordj 2 S7; 9 Sparks, 391. Printed

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) -· I••• • • • • •

... 0 Harvard Jj brary B11lletin I hcrc\vfrh fro111 autograpr! originaJ, in vjc,v of variation~ it1 Letter Book copy in Gl-V.

1\.-lount \' er non June i9 11L 1788. j\t{y dcnr Sir, I beg you ,vill ~ccept n1y th~nks few the cont!lUmications handed to me in your Jetter of the 3d instant.~ and my congratul:::ttions on the encrcnsing good dispositions of the Citi:t.cns of your State - of ~.-vhichthe fate Elections nre strongly indicative. -- No one can rcj oicc n1ore than do a.t every step taken by the People of this great Country to preserve. the union -cstahlish good order & govcnurn:~nt nnd to rcndt:r the NJ.don hnppy-at hon1e & respected abroad.~ No Co\lntry upon £i'1rth ever had it more in its po,ver to ~ttain thc..~ehlessings than United A merk n, - \"Vondero usly ft range then, & in uch to be regretted indeed w·ould it be, ,~tere \VC to neglect the nlc-~ns.,and to stray from the road to ·which the finger of Providence hns so rnanifcstly pointed. -I cannot bcJicve it ·will ever con1e to p~ss~. The grcHt.author of :1Jigood h~s :qot condul.."'tedus so flr on the Road to happiness and glory to ,-.;,ithdn:1.,vfro1n us, in the hour of nccll~ h1s beneficent support ..- By foUy & n1isconduct (proceeding frorn a varie:ty of causes) \VC 1nay now & then get hei.viJllcred; but I hopc:1 rmd trust, that d1eir is good sense and virtue enough left to bring us back into the .-ight \vay _Lefore

, 1..-csl1all be entirely Jost,~ ·, . l3eforc this Jetter can have reached you 1 you ,vHl have. hcnrd of the Ratification of the proposed Constitution by this Sti1tC 1 ,vithout pre~·ious arncnd111entc,.- The final que:stlon ,vas tc1ken the i 5th~ Ayv:s 89 -No~s 79; - but something recumincndatory, or dccl:1rJ.tory of die rjghts of. the Pcople1- it is s-aid,,~--ill foHo,v; so as not to affect the preceeding dccisim1. - This ~ccount] ::it1d the news of the adoption by Ncw-Han1pshire, arrived in A le.xandria nrady at.out the ~11.rr1~tin1con Friday evening; ~nd~ti.s yon 111aye=.:isHy conceive, gave cause for great rejoicing an1ong the Inh2bitants~ \Vho have not, I bclicvc1- an unti- fcdcralist ;unong thcrn · Our A.ccui from R.ichn1ond are~ th,lt the debates (through all the different stage...~of the .business, though long and an.iin;;ited) ,v·e.rc'-=Ollducc~d ,vith g-reat dignity & ten1pcr -that the fio~l decision exhibited an ~nvful and . sok111n scene - and thrrt, th-ere j5 reason tu c~pcct a perfect ~cquiescence thereto uy tl1_c1ninority. - not only fron1 the good ~cnsc & conduct of th~t body during the Session, but fro1n thCTded11r;ition of l\1r 1-Jcnry the grc-at leader of the opposition to the cffcc½ that though he cannot be reconciled to the Constitu~ tion in .its present furrnl and shaJl give it every co11nitutio11nlopposition in his .po,ver, yet th.at he ,,;.1ill:suL1nit to it peacc:lb]y, as he think$ every good Citizen ought to do ,,_\-henit fa in excrdsc; ~1ndthat he "vil11 hoth by prct.:cpt & c:>,\unplci endeavor to incukat.c this doctrine.~ But liule doubt is no,u~entertained, _/Jere,of the rndfication of the propos{!J Constitu tJon h y the Sni.tc of North C::1ro] ina :ind ho\vcver great the u pp m;i- tion to it usay he in thnt of Ne·w·York, the leaders thereof \Vi11,I should con- ccivei consider the consequences of reject-ion ,vell, before it is given. - \Vith

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) N e·w Letters of George 117 ashingto11 r-c6p-ectto Rhode Island,-. the pow·er that governs thcrci has so f~r Latllcd all cal cu1 ~1tion o r1 th i.'i :s11b j ect th at no nm n w il1 h~Zr-t rd an opinion u n their pro- ceed in hTSlest I\C sl10 u id he s usp~ctcd of participa. tjng in it~ p hrensy. •···-You have CY~Y guod ·wish of this fami]y- and the sincer~ regard of yonr affect~ friend & Servt ~-a \."Vashingto 11 The Hon btc:·Gen 1 Lincoln No ru perscription

D ockctcd by Lincoln, p. 4! Gen ,, 1 ashin gton June i 9th 1 7 8 8

ci 8'B~ Au gu~t :2 8. l\r ashington (J'd o unt \ 1 er nan) to Lincoln. A. L.s. 1 f. (Jetter on p. r-2 ).. 30 Gl1", 62., Letter Book; 11 fordi 3 l 2; 9 Sparks, 417.

Paragraph 3: '(as jt lrns been fairly d1scusscdf :tchlcdsftcr ,[the Constitution 1

J\l o s ll pcrscdptioni no doc ketir1g .

7 178-8, October \\ ~shington (l\-fount \r ernon) to Lincoln. A.L.s. 4 f. (letter 011 P· J ~5). 30 G iv' 1 I 7, Letter n(10 k; I I Ji'()]"dt 33 3; 9 sparksj 4 39 ·

Parngraph 3: f ollo\ving "at the last 111om cnt l the p~ssage re a

No S\l pcrscription Docketed by Lincoln, pT4: Gl·-n Vi-r~.shington !6 octr 178E:

5 I .

1788, Novcn1Ler 14. \Vashington (i\-lount V crnon) to Llnc.oln. A.L.s. 1 f. (letter on p. T-z )~ 30 G J-f.T,12 5, Letter Ilook; 9 Sparksi 446.

Pantgraph 3: 'I ,vrotc pretty- ful]y to you l n Oc to b cr 1 for "l ,vrote to you on the [ 2 6tt-] day of October' (date blank in Letter ll u ok copy, :supplied hy editor); 1his l{insinan' added hefore Jiv1rRichfl H. Lee had declared to him'

No Sl1 r (:rsc ri pt ion Docketed by Lincoln~ p. :z: Gen \Vashington 14 Nor 1788

1789, January 3 L \Vashingto~ (i\ilount \ 1ernon) to Linc_oln. AJ ...S+ ? f. Octtcr on p. 1-1). 3u G J-V,189, Letter Book; l 1 Ford., 354; 9 Spatks, ·4-6B.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) I 11 ' I I I• ,I I 1, I, , I - ••••• • -1, I, , , -,- I • ._ I ' I , • , I

72 Harvard Library Bulletin Paragr~ph 1: The fast sec1tence, 'In the County \vhich bears my na11,c.,there ,·vas not a disscn ting vote .1 (pre.sent in G TV)~ ] acking in the ori ginnl

Paragraph 2: -i~lond~y next "\vill,hov.7cvc1·~ con.firn1 or contradict this opinioni it being the d,1yof election throughout the State.' present after seconl1 sentence · in the origin~ 1 (The ~hove varfations sugge.~t that th<.:Letter Book copy ,,Tasentered after the ~1on day election.) • No superscription

Docketed by Lincoln~ P· 4: Gen 1 ,, 1ashington JanY 31sl 17 8"9

] 789, J\farch Tl+ vV:i.shington (l\1ount v·er non) to Lin~oln. A.L.s. 2 f. (letter on p. 1-2). 30 Glf"'~225, Letter Book; 9 Sp:.:irks!·477. No superscription

Docketed by Lincoln, p. 4: Gcn 1 "- 7~shington j\1arch 11 th 1789

1789, _,_L\.ugu.,;;t1 1. "\:Vashingtot1 (Ne\v ""furk) to Lincoln. l\1S.L.s. ;2: £. (letter on p. r-2 ). TL. 30 GJV, 379, Letter Book; 1 r Ford~ 4i l. The passage 4i pArcnth~!iesreads: '(if jt ·!-ihouldhe dctcn11jnedto appoint C0111- mis:sioncrst cind is ab'Tcca.ble:to you~ and c~n· be made to comport 1.-vith your present Office) > No superncription

Docketed by Lincoln: p. 2: Gcn1 \Vashinb:rton Subject Indians

55 1 :z. (Jetter 1799, March 1 7+ "- ashington (iviount \T t.o Lincoln. A.L.s. L . I . on p. r-2.). 37 GlJ , •49:t G\V. No supcr.~criptlon ])ocketed by Lincoln: P· 4: G Cl lCl-a 1 ,vashington r 7 99 i\ 1arch 1 7th

i I'------~---~------~--~--~--~-~------

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956) Notes 149 STORY V]EW OF and a inc tnber of the Corporation ~nd HAR\TARD. uf the Ilo~rd of Overseers. painted the picture at the age of fifteen sho.rtly ~nd nr..Oepartnlent of Printing after he f1ad entered the class of 1798. Graphic Arts of th~ CoJlege 1~he origin al now· hangs in the Pres;" T ::is the scv~ LilJrnrv hns issued, ·dcnes officc j n l\.1assach u set.I~. Hall. cnth publication in its. series Historic The re production, executed in col- Jl"ie-ws,a re- H nr-1,.11dtmd Cambridge ]otyp E by the i\1.crirlen Gravure Con1- production of~-~ N.W. \Tfo\v of Hol- pAny and hand colon: dj meP.:snr~'i 9 ½ lis., 1-IanTar

List ofContribt1tors I ... of Emily Dickinson (in THmoon;. ,:vARDi l1ssocbte Editor of Tbe J etters preparation) GERTRUDF. R1cHAF:ns~Richmondj \ 1irginia lhe SER(~£ EI.HiSF,1-:1-·•·'!Professor of Far E-a.stcrn Languages and Director of I-Iar vard- 'ren ching I n_~titutc, 1-1r1 rd C ni \'Crs ,ty snd F.co- DOROTHEA D. Rv.F.v.Es,A~si::itant Curator, Kn.'.. ss L1hra1y of Business non1ics, Grndu-nte School of Business AdrniniHration, Han":ard University J{ F..Yl~S D. l\·IF.1.1..;ALF~Lihrarfan of I-Ian-ard College, Enicritus ~1r:.nn1rr E. LA"\YJ,IS~ .A_ssistantPiof cs:.sorof EngUslll Indiana Unh.~ersity Pcnnsyl- EARL~ E. C.oLE,\-fAK, Cnt:1loguer,Longwood Lihnuy~ l{erinett Square~ 'Tan1a Ku,1P..AL1. C. ELKii'-;S) Senior Assist-ant in rhe Harvard lJnivorsity Archives

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume X, Number 1 (Winter 1956)