DOCSLIB.ORG

Tissue Culture Studies of Fortunella Japonica Swingle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tissue Culture Studies of Fortunella Japonica Swingle Tissue culture studies of Fortunella japonica Swingle (golden orange, kumquat) Hatice Demiray, Aylin Eşiz Dereboylu Ege University Science Faculty, Biology SectionDepartment of Botany 35100, Bornova- İZMİR Scientific Classification • Kingdom: Plantae • Divisio: Angiosperms • Classis: Eudicotiledones (Magnoliopyta) • Subclassis: Rosidae • Ordo: Sapindales • Family: Rutaceae • Subfamily: Aurantioideae • Tribe: Citreae • Genus: Citrus • Species: C. japonica • Binomial name • Citrus japonica Thunb. Synonyms Atalantia hindsii (Champ. ex Benth.) Oliv. • Citrus erythrocarpa Hayata • Citrus hindsii (Champ. ex Benth.) Govaerts • Citrus inermis Roxb. • Citrus kinokuni Yu.Tanaka • Citrus madurensis Lour. • Citrus margarita Lour. Citrus microcarpa Bunge • Fortunella bawangica C.C.Huang • Fortunella chintou (Swingle) C.C. Huang • Fortunella crassifolia Swingle • Fortunella hindsii (Champ. ex Benth.) Swingle • Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle • Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle • Fortunella obovata Tanaka • Sclerostylis hindsii Champ. ex Benth. • Sclerostylis venosa Champ. ex Benth. • × Citrofortunella madurensis (Lour.) D.Rivera & al. Morphology and medicinal importance • Kumquat (Citrus japonica), or golden orange [Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle], is a fruit likes an orange (Citrus sinensis) with its similar size and unlikely Citrus species, it is the only species that can be eaten with its peel and is slightly larger than the olive and is separated from other Citrus species with cold-resistant. They are slow-growing evergreen shrubs or short trees naturally occurring in South Asia. Flowers are white and emerge individually or in the form of bundles from the leaf axis similarly to the other Citrus species. In recent years nutritional value of agricultural products containing significant amounts of biologically active compounds has attracted the attention of consumers (Lampila, van Lieshout, Gremmen, & Lähteenmäki, 2009). In numerous different nutraceuticals polyphenols and more specifically flavonoids have been the basic subject of numerous studies (Liu, Qiu, Ding, & Yao, 2008; Reddy, Sreeramulu, &Raghunath, 2010). Citrus fruits and juices in the plant kingdom are main food sources rich in flavonoids (Gattuso, Barreca, Gargiulli, Leuzzi, & Caristi, 2007; Tripoli, La Guardia, Giammanco, Di Majo, & Giammanco, 2007). Citrus flavonoids have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and to slow the migration and proliferation of cancerous cells by their antioxidant effects. Flavonoids as they exhibit antiviral and antimicrobial properties, they play a role as protector of coronary heart disease by affecting the functionality of those biological membranes (Barreca et al., 2009; Benavente- García & Castillo, 2008; Patil, Jayaprakasha,Murthy, & Vikram, 2009). flavonoids in fruit peel and juice and its difference from Citrus • Kumquat, Fortunella genus, includes Rutaceae family, orange trees in the form of a small brush, particularly phenolic compounds isolated from the bark is used as relieving inflammatory respiratory diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (Choi et al., 2011; Zang, 2005). Despite Citrus ve Fortunella genus are taxonomically very close relatives , fingerprints of flavonoids are very different. While the main flavonoids of Citrus genus are: flavanone and flavone glycosides (Berhow, Tisserat, Kanes, & Vandercook, 1998; Kawaii, Tomono, Katase, Ogawa, & Yano, 1999; Nogata et al., 2006), in Fortunella genus floretin 3′,5′-di-C-glycoside is the mostly found compound as a dihydrochalcone (Ogawa et al., 2001). In the juice of immature and mature kumquat 13 C- ve O-glycosyl flavonoids: Acasetin 3,6-di-C- glukosid, vicenin-2, lucenin-2 4′-metil eter, narirutin 4′-O-glycoside and apigenin 8- C-neohesperidoside are determined as being more less than fruit peel by reverse- phase LC-DAD-ESI-ITMS analyses. Antioxidant feature of flavonoids of fruit juice and especially floretin 3′,5′-di-C-glycoside have been improved (Davide Barreca, Ersilia Bellocco, Corrado Caristi, Ugo Leuzzi, Giuseppe Gattuso ,2011. Kumquat (Fortunella japonica Swingle) juice: Flavonoid distribution and antioxidant properties. Food Research International 44: 2190–2197; Shyi-Neng Lou, Yi-Chun Lai, Ya-Siou Hsu, Chi-Tang Ho, 2016. Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and effective compounds of kumquat extracted by different solvents. Food Chemistry 197: 1–6). Nutritive value • Kumquat is very rich in vitamin C plant. While 50 mg of ascorbic acid per 100 grams of orange (Agriculture Handbook NO. 98, 1956 Chemistry and technology of Citrus, Citrus products; and byproducts. United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, D. C.), kumquat has 151 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams (Morton, J. 1987. Kumquat. p. 182–185. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL.). This vitamin is necessary for muscle and tissue formation in helping to make better use of other minerals and vitamins. 30 milligrams of vitamin C daily requirement is clean. That daily 20 grams kumquat, meet our need for vitamin C daily. Fortunella japonica plant have a potential that can be used as food supplements and cosmetics, for this purpose proliferation of this plant tissue culture studies are performed in vitro standard conditions. Material and Methods • Seed pairs of the plant were sown in MS (Murashige&Scoog, 1962) nutrient medium after surface sterilization with Na hypochloride solution, and than rinsing with sterile distilled water and peeled in vitro for growing the golden orange plant in sterile conditions. • Explants like as root, hypocotile, epycotile and cotyledones taken from the different parts of the seedlings grown in sterile conditions transferred to callus medium. MS medium modified with the addition of 30 gr/l sucrose, 100 mg/l myoinositol, 5 mg/l tiamine and 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin was used as callus medium. Explants taken to callus medium were subcultured fifteen days intervals in fresh medium and incubated in biotron at 16/6 h fotoperiod and 25°C temperature. Fresh weight differences occured in tissues were calculated throughout the eight weeks time. Root callus Hypocotyl callus Results • It was observed that only hypocotyl and root explants propagated in tissue culture medium. • Weight gain was determined from the measurements of callus obtained (Table 1.) Table 1. Evaluation of root and hypocotyl embryonic calli weight measurements in two subcultures statistically (Steel&Torry, 1980). First 1. Sub 1. Sub 2. Sub 2.Sub 3. Sub 3. Sub Applica Weight Culture Culture Culture Culture Culture Culture tion (g) (g) (increase (g) (increase (g) (increase %) %) % ) Root 0.046±0 0,463±0,2 906.5 0.082±0. 78.2 0.393±0. 754.3 Callus .033bd 37acd 029bd 208abc Hypoco 0.023±0 0,366±0,2 0.063±0. 173 0.703±0. 2956 tyl .012bd 45acd 1491.3 113bd 174abc Callus • Differences between “a” and control group, “b” and 1. Sub culture, “c” and 2. Sub culture, “d” and 3. Sub culture are statistically important (p≤0,05). Discussion • Embryogenesis is easily observed in callus obtained from premature or immature embryos of Citrus species. But this embryogenetic calli obtained from most of the Citrus genotypes can not differantiate into somatic embryos by loosing their somatic embryogenesis ability (Zhang et al. 2006) . • Embryogenic calli of C. sinensis ve Fortunella hindsii Swingle are obtained from MT medium by using 2% glycerol as carbon source (Murashige and Tucker 1969). Non-embryogenic callus (NEC) of ‘Valencia’ is obtained from the somatic embryos derived from leaves of seedlings in 1.5 mg/l 2,4-D added MT medium. The potential of occurring embryogenesis is related by the level of CsL1L expression. Acording to sub-cellular localization analyzes CsL1L is a nuclear protein of plant. Microsatellite in CsL1L is improved with polymorphism between Citrus species (Shi-ping Zhu, Jun Wang, Jun-li Ye, An-Dan Zhu, Wen-wu Guo, Xiu-xin Deng. Isolation and characterization of LEAFY COTYLEDON 1-LIKE gene related to embryogenic competence in Citrus sinensis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 2014, 119:1–13). In another study 11 rootstock of Citrus are grown in vitro and embryogenic callus is obtained from their root, cothyledone, epicothyl, leaf and embryo explants. • Explants are cultured in different nutrient media. The highest embryogenic callus occurance ratio is obtained in root stock of Troyer sitranjı (Citrus sinensis (l) Osb. X Poncirus trifoliata (L) Raf) by 80% in 2,4-D (2 mg/l)+BAP (0.5 mg/l) added nutrient medium (İlkay ŞEN, Bazı turunçgil anaçlarında eksplant kaynağı ve büyüme düzenleyicilerin embriyogenik kallus eldesi üzerine etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı, ADANA, 2010). • The best nutrient medium is 2,4-D (2 mg/l)+KİN (0.5 mg/l)+NAA (2 mg/l) for embryogenic callus (EK) obtainment. In epicotyl explant experiment, the best EKK ratio is shown in Rubidoux (Poncirus trifoliata (L) Raf.), trifoliat genotype, while in leaf explant Severinia buxifolia genotype have given the best EK ratio. Troyer sitranjı genotype gave the best EK ratio in cotyledon explant experiment. Gou Tou orange (Citrus aurantium L.) genotype gave the highest EK in root explant experiment with the best nutrient media of 2,4-D (2 mg/l) + KİN (0.5 mg/l). In this study; embryogenic callus obtainment is aimed by using root, cotyledone, epycotyl, leaf and hypocotyl explants from the seedlings of Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle grown in vitro. Long lived embryogenic callus is obtained from only root and hypocotyl explants. • Through embryo
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 1
    Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Lecture 32 Citrus Citrus: Citrus spp., Rutaceae Citrus are subtropical, evergreen plants originating in southeast Asia and the Malay archipelago but the precise origins are obscure. There are about 1600 species in the subfamily Aurantioideae. The tribe Citreae has 13 genera, most of which are graft and cross compatible with the genus Citrus. There are some tropical species (pomelo). All Citrus combined are the most important fruit crop next to grape. 1 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 The common features are a superior ovary on a raised disc, transparent (pellucid) dots on leaves, and the presence of aromatic oils in leaves and fruits. Citrus has increased in importance in the United States with the development of frozen concentrate which is much superior to canned citrus juice. Per-capita consumption in the US is extremely high. Citrus mitis (calamondin), a miniature orange, is widely grown as an ornamental house pot plant. History Citrus is first mentioned in Chinese literature in 2200 BCE. First citrus in Europe seems to have been the citron, a fruit which has religious significance in Jewish festivals. Mentioned in 310 BCE by Theophrastus. Lemons and limes and sour orange may have been mutations of the citron. The Romans grew sour orange and lemons in 50–100 CE; the first mention of sweet orange in Europe was made in 1400. Columbus brought citrus on his second voyage in 1493 and the first plantation started in Haiti. In 1565 the first citrus was brought to the US in Saint Augustine. 2 Tropical Horticulture: Lecture 32 Taxonomy Citrus classification based on morphology of mature fruit (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification and Cultivars
    1 Classification and Cultivars 2 Two Tribes • Clauseneae • Citreae has 3 Subtribes –Triphasiinae –Balsamocitrineae –Citrinae 3 Fortunella • Four species - Small trees and shrubs. • Flowers later than Citrus. • Freeze - hardy • Small fruit –‘Meiwa’ and ‘Marumi’ - round –‘Nagami’ ovate 4 Poncirus • Two trifoliate spp. –trifoliata ‘Flying Dragon’ –poyandra • Deciduous • Thorny, Cold hardy, long thorns • Makes great hedges , rootstocks 5 Microcitrus • Northeastern rainforest Australia • Moderate-sized trees. • Leaves are unifoliate dimorphic • Microcitrus australasica –Resistant to burrowing nematode and phytophthora • Micro leaves, flowers, and fruit 6 Clymenia • Unifoliate acuminate leaves tapering into very short petiole. • Branches are thornless. • Style shorter than other true Citrus and stigma is larger and flattened • Fruit - ovoid, thin peeled, many oil glands, many small seeds. 7 Eremocitrus • Xerophytic native of Australia • Spreading long drooping branches • Leaves unifoliate, greyish green, thick, leatherly, and lanceolate. • Sunken stomata, freeze hardy • Ideal xeroscape plant. 8 Citrus - Subgenus Eucitrus • Vesicles - no acrid or bitter oil • C. medica (Citrons) –Uses - candied peel, • Jewish ceremony • Exocortis indicator 9 Citrus limon (Lemons) • Commerce –‘Lisbon’ and ‘Eureka’ • Dooryard –Meyer (Lemon hybrid) • Rough Lemon –Rootstock 10 Lemon Hybrids • Lemonage (lemon x sweet orange) • Lemonime (lemon x lime) • Lemandrin (lemon x mandarin) • Eremolemon (Eremocitrus x lemon) - Australian Desert Lemon 11 Citrus aurantifolia (Limes) • ‘Key’ or ‘Mexican’ limes • ‘Tahiti’ or ‘Persian’ limes some are triploids and seedless • C. macrophylla (lime-like fruit) –Rootstock in California • Lemonimes (lime x lemon) • Limequats (lime x kumquat) 12 • Not grown either in Tahiti or Persian (Iran) • Seedless and marketed when still dark green 13 C. aurantium - Sour Orange • ‘Seville’ in Southern Europe –Orange marmalade • ‘Bouquet’ & ‘Bergamot’ • - Italy –Essential oil • Many forms like ‘Bittersweet’ –Rootstock - High quality fruit.
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Trifoliata (Rutaceae): Review of Biology and Distribution in the USA
    Nesom, G.L. 2014. Citrus trifoliata (Rutaceae): Review of biology and distribution in the USA. Phytoneuron 2014-46: 1–14. Published 1 May 2014. ISSN 2153 733X CITRUS TRIFOLIATA (RUTACEAE): REVIEW OF BIOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE USA GUY L. NESOM 2925 Hartwood Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76109 www.guynesom.com ABSTRACT Citrus trifoliata (aka Poncirus trifoliata , trifoliate orange) has become an aggressive colonizer in the southeastern USA, spreading from plantings as a horticultural novelty and use as a hedge. Its currently known naturalized distribution apparently has resulted from many independent introductions from widely dispersed plantings. Seed set is primarily apomictic and the plants are successful in a variety of habitats, in ruderal habits and disturbed communities as well as in intact natural communities from closed canopy bottomlands to open, upland woods. Trifoliate orange is native to southeastern China and Korea. It was introduced into the USA in the early 1800's but apparently was not widely planted until the late 1800's and early 1900's and was not documented as naturalizing until about 1910. Citrus trifoliata L. (trifoliate orange, hardy orange, Chinese bitter orange, mock orange, winter hardy bitter lemon, Japanese bitter lemon) is a deciduous shrub or small tree relatively common in the southeastern USA. The species is native to eastern Asia and has become naturalized in the USA in many habitats, including ruderal sites as well as intact natural commmunities. It has often been grown as a dense hedge and as a horticultural curiosity because of its green stems and stout green thorns (stipular spines), large, white, fragrant flowers, and often prolific production of persistent, golf-ball sized orange fruits that mature in September and October.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Cross-Compatibility, Graft-Compatibility, and Phylogenetic Relationships in the Aurantioideae: New Data From the Balsamocitrinae Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1904r6x3 Author Siebert Wooldridge, Toni Jean Publication Date 2016 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1904r6x3#supplemental Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Cross-Compatibility, Graft-Compatibility, and Phylogenetic Relationships in the Aurantioideae: New Data From the Balsamocitrinae A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Plant Biology by Toni J Siebert Wooldridge December 2016 Thesis committee: Dr. Norman C. Ellstrand, Chairperson Dr. Timothy J. Close Dr. Robert R. Krueger The Thesis of Toni J Siebert Wooldridge is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people who have been an integral part of my research and supportive throughout my graduate studies: A huge thank you to Dr. Norman Ellstrand as my major professor and graduate advisor, and to my supervisor, Dr. Tracy Kahn, who helped influence my decision to go back to graduate school while allowing me to continue my full-time employment with the UC Riverside Citrus Variety Collection. Norm and Tracy, my UCR parents, provided such amazing enthusiasm, guidance and friendship while I was working, going to school and caring for my growing family. Their support was critical and I could not have done this without them. My committee members, Dr. Timothy Close and Dr. Robert Krueger for their valuable advice, feedback and suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015
    Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry Version 3.0 July 2015 PLANT HEALTH AUSTRALIA | Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015 Location: Level 1 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our web site: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au An electronic copy of this plan is available through the email address listed above. © Plant Health Australia Limited 2004 Copyright in this publication is owned by Plant Health Australia Limited, except when content has been provided by other contributors, in which case copyright may be owned by another person. With the exception of any material protected by a trade mark, this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivs 3.0 Australia licence. Any use of this publication, other than as authorised under this licence or copyright law, is prohibited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ - This details the relevant licence conditions, including the full legal code. This licence allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to Plant Health Australia (as below). In referencing this document, the preferred citation is: Plant Health Australia Ltd (2004) Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry (Version 3.0 – July 2015). Plant Health Australia, Canberra, ACT. Disclaimer: The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific and independent professional advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of the Aurantioideae (Rutaceae)
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 9 (2009) 52–68 www.elsevier.de/ode Phylogenetic relationships of the Aurantioideae (Rutaceae) based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS region and three noncoding chloroplast DNA regions, atpB-rbcL spacer, rps16, and trnL-trnF Cynthia M. Morton Section of Botany, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Received 9 June 2008; accepted 6 November 2008 Abstract The tribes and subtribes of Aurantioideae, an economically important subfamily of the Rutaceae, have a controversial taxonomic history because a phylogenetic framework has been lacking. In order to construct an evolutionary history and evaluate the most recent classification system [Swingle and Reece 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives, in: The Citrus Industry, vol. 1, History, World Distribution, Botany, and Varieties. University of California, Berkeley, pp. 190–430], one nuclear and three noncoding chloroplast genes were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically along with selected non-molecular characters. Taxa representing tribes Citreae and Clauseneae and their six subtribes were sampled. In all analyses Aurantioideae is monophyletic. The majority-rule consensus tree from the combined analysis indicates that the two tribes are not monophyletic. The combined topology is not congruent with the widely used classification of Aurantioideae by Swingle and Reece (1967). The tribes and subtribes are in need of revision. r 2008 Gesellschaft fu¨r Biologische Systematik. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Keywords: Aurantioideae; Citreae; Clauseneae; Rutaceae; ITS; atpB-rbcL spacer Introduction containing pulp vesicles. The leaves and fruits have schizolysigenous oil glands that release an aroma when The Aurantioideae (this is the correct name for touched, and the flowers are typically white and ‘Citroideae’ or ‘Limonoideae’) are one of seven sub- fragrant.
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Rootstocks: Their Characters and Reactions
    CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS: THEIR CHARACTERS AND REACTIONS (an unpublished manuscript) ca. 1986 By W. P. BITTERS (1915 – 2006) Editor, digital version: Marty Nemeth, Reference Librarian, UC Riverside Science Library, retired Subject matter experts, digital version: Dr. Tracy Kahn, Curator, UC Citrus Variety Collection Dr. Robert Krueger, Curator, USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus & Dates Toni Siebert, Assistant Curator, UC Citrus Variety Collection ca. 1955 ca. 1970 IN MEMORIUM Willard P. Bitters Professor of Horticulture, Emeritus Riverside 1915-2006 Born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, in June, 1915, Dr. Willard “Bill” Bitters earned his bachelor’s degree in biology from St. Norbert College and his master’s degree and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. After earning his doctorate, he first worked as the superintendent of the Valley Research Farm of the University of Arizona in Yuma, and joined the Citrus Experiment Station, in Riverside in 1946 as a Horticulturist. In 1961, Dr. Bitters became a Professor in the newly established University of California-Riverside. His initial assignment was to work on horticultural aspects of tristeza, a serious vector-transmitted virus disease which threatened to destroy California citrus orchards. Tristeza was already in California and spreading in 1946. At that time most citrus trees in California were grafted on a rootstock that was known to be susceptible to tristeza. Dr. Bill Bitters was responsible for screening of over 500 cultivars to determine which rootstock-scion combinations were resistant to this disease and yet possessed suitable horticultural characteristics. Of the 500 screened, most were susceptible, but several successful ones were selected and released to the industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Mapping of the 5S Ribosomal RNA Gene in Citreae of Aurantioideae Species Using Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization
    J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 78 (3): 294–299. 2009. Available online at www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jjshs1 JSHS © 2009 Physical Mapping of the 5S Ribosomal RNA Gene in Citreae of Aurantioideae Species using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Masashi Yamamoto1*, Asad Asadi Abkenar2,3, Ryoji Matsumoto2, Tatsuya Kubo1 and Shigeto Tominaga1 1Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan 2Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo-cho, Saga 840-8502, Japan 3Department of Breeding and Plant Improvement, Iran Citrus Research Institute, Romsar, P. O. Box 189, Iran The location of the 5S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) in species from six genera of the Citreae of Aurantioideae was determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A 5S rDNA probe was labeled with biotin-16- dUTP. The probe was detected using a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-avidin conjugate with chromosomes counterstained with propidium iodide (PI). When the chromosomes were observed under a G filter, PI-stained chromosomes were classified into the following five types based on the number and position of PI-positive (+) bands; B: one telomeric and one proximal band, C: two telomeric bands, D: one telomeric band, E: without bands and Dst: type D with a satellite chromosome. Two 5S rDNA sites were located in type D chromosomes in Citropsis gabunensis, whereas in Citrus reshni, Fortunella japonica, Clymenia polyandra and Swinglea glutinosa they were found in type E chromosomes. In Poncirus trifoliata, three rDNA sites were located together at the proximal PI (+) band of a type B chromosome, one site was located in the proximal region of a type D chromosome, and two sites were located together at the PI (+) band of a type D chromosome.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Data on the Susceptibility of Ruta- Ceous Plants to Citrus-Canker1
    FURTHER DATA ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF RUTA- CEOUS PLANTS TO CITRUS-CANKER1 By H. ATHERTON hnn Assistant Pathologist, Fruit-Disease Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of A griculture INTRODUCTION In the present paper results are given of field observations and inocu- lations with Pseudomonas citri upon plants belonging to genera more or less related to Citrus. These results show a wide range of hosts for Citrus-canker, and the possibility of lesions upon plants other than Citrus spp. serving as sources of new infection becomes emphasized in Citrus-canker eradication work. In the present investigation the findings of Jehle2 as to the suscep- tibility of Chalcas (Murraya) exotica Millsp., were corroborated and 23 other species representing 20 genera of the Rutaceae were studied. It seems inadvisable to present the inoculation data here, since over 2,000 innoculations were made. Table I presents the data in a very much condensed form, and the illustrations show a few of the positive results. To anyone interested the complete inoculation data are available at the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. The inoculations and the controls were dried as herbarium specimens and will also be available for examination. In making the inoculations an infusion of the organism was painted upon the leaf blade, midrib, petiole, or stem, as the case might be, with a small camel's-hair brush, and then the tissue was punctured through the coating of infusion with a needle. The inoculated twig was main- tained in a moist condition by wrapping it in paraffin paper, including 1 The investigations here outlined have been carried on largely at the I^amao Experiment Station of the Division of Plant Industry of the Philippine Bureau of Agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of Aurantioideae (Rutaceae) Based on RAD-Seq
    Tree Genetics & Genomes (2018) 14:6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-017-1223-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Phylogenetic relationships of Aurantioideae (Rutaceae) based on RAD-Seq Yukio Nagano1 & Takashi Mimura2 & Nobuhiro Kotoda2 & Ryoji Matsumoto2 & Atsushi J. Nagano3,4,5 & Mie N. Honjo3 & Hiroshi Kudoh3 & Masashi Yamamoto6 Received: 31 July 2017 /Revised: 27 November 2017 /Accepted: 25 December 2017 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The economically and nutritionally important genus Citrus belongs to the subfamily Aurantioideae in the family Rutaceae. Here, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Aurantioideae based on RAD-Seq. The RAD-Seq data produced phylogenetic trees with high support values, clear discriminations based on branch length, and elucidations of early branching events. Our genetic classification corresponded well with the classical morphological classification system and supported the subdivision of Citreae, one of two tribes of the Aurantioideae, into three subtribes—Triphasiinae, Citrinae, and Balsamocitrinae. Additionally, it was largely consistent with the subdivision of Clauseneae, the other tribe of the Aurantioideae, into three subtribes—Micromelinae, Clauseninae, and Merrillinae; the exception was Murraya paniculata. With the exception of members of primitive citrus fruit trees, namely, Severinia buxifolia and Hesperethusa crenulata, lower-level morphological groupings under subtribes based on genetic and morphological classifications corresponded well. The phylogenetic relationship between Asian Btrue citrus fruit trees^ (genera Citrus, Poncirus,and Fortunella) and Australian/New Guinean citrus fruit trees (genera Microcitrus, Eremocitrus,andClymenia) was incon- sistent between present classification based mainly on the nuclear genome and the previous classification based on the chloroplast genome. This inconsistency may be explained by chloroplast capture.
    [Show full text]
  • South African Citrus Thrips in Australia - Identity, Pest Status and Control
    South African citrus thrips in Australia - identity, pest status and control Chris Freebairn QLD Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries Project Number: CT03022 CT03022 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the citrus industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the citrus industry. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 1695 0 Published and distributed by: Horticultural Australia Ltd Level 7 179 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2008 FINAL REPORT: CT03022 South African citrus thrips in Australia: identity, pest status and control (October 2003 – February 2008) Author: Christopher Gavin Freebairn Research provider: Primary Industries & Fisheries, Queensland Maroochy Research Station, Nambour - 1 - South African citrus thrips in Australia: identity, pest status and control. HAL CT03022 Project Leader Other team members C.G. Freebairn, Entomologist Daniel Smith (deceased) [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Citreae with Notes on Other Aurantioideae (Rutaceae)
    333 Australian Citreae with notes on other Aurantioideae (Rutaceae) D.J. Mabberley Abstract Mabberley, D.J. (Rijksherbarium, University of Leiden, Netherlands and Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW, Australia 2000) 1998. Australian Citreae with notes on other Aurantioideae (Rutaceae). Telopea 7(4):333–344. Both subtribes of tribe Citreae (Rutaceae: subfam. Aurantioideae) are represented in Australia: the sole representative of ‘Triphasiinae’ is here referred to Luvunga Wight & Arn., in which the new combination, L. monophylla (D.C.) Mabb., is proposed, and the relationships of the Australian Citrineae to the genus Citrus L. are reassessed; Eremocitrus Swingle and Microcitrus Swingle are reunited with Citrus. A new species, C. gracilis Mabb. from the Northern Territory, is described and a conspectus of, and an identification key to, Australian native Citrus spp. presented; ‘Sydney Hybrid’ is formally described and named C. × virgata Mabb.; a new combination, C. × floridana (J. Ingram & H. Moore) Mabb., for the name of the limequat and a new name, C. wintersii Mabb., for one of the Papuan endemic species formerly referred to Microcitrus are proposed. In tribe Clauseneae, notes on Glycosmis, Micromelum and Murraya, especially on typification of names , are presented. Rutaceae: Aurantioideae in Australia This paper is a prelude to the account of the subfamily Aurantioideae Horan. for Flora of Australia, in which full descriptions will be found, so those are not repeated here. The subfamily in its wild state is restricted to the tropics and subtemperate parts of the Old World and comprises two tribes: Clauseneae Wight & Arn. and Citreae Meissner, both of which are represented in Australia.
    [Show full text]