Better Bodies with Biomaterials: How Ceramic and Glass Contribute to the $110B Global Market for Implantable Biomaterials

AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY

bulletinemerging ceramics & glass technology DECEMBER 2020 Better bodies with biomaterials: How ceramic and glass contribute to the $110B global market for implantable biomaterials

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feature articles department Better bodies with biomaterials: How ceramic 17 and glass contribute to the $110B global market News & Trends ...... 3 for implantable biomaterials Spotlight ...... 6 Ceramics in Biomedicine...... 10 Ceramic and glass biomaterials integrate with the human body in diverse ways to support human health. As aging Advances in Nanomaterials. . 11 populations and evolving healthcare approaches shift the Research Briefs...... 12 medical landscape, increasing opportunities for both established and innovative technologies predict a strong future Ceramics in Energy...... 15

cover story for ceramics and glass. by April Gocha and Lisa McDonald columns Book review ...... 4 Review of “Transparent Ceramics: Materials, Engineering, and Applications by Roni Shneck

ceramicSOURCE 2021 Business and Market View . . . . . 5 High-strength glass: Global markets 57 Our annual reference and buyer’s guide by Margareth Gagliardi Buyers Guide and directory Deciphering the Discipline . . . .. 36 Table of Contents ...... 59 Biomimetic approach—the role of ions in ceramic Products & Services Directories ...... 60 bone regeneration SOURCE Company Directory ...... 114 by Antonia Ressler meeting Highlights from Virtual Ceramic Expo 2020 ...... 32 No.5 — Ceramic & Glass Manufacturing 37 DECEMBER 2020 • VOLUME 1 • ISSUE 5 Highlights from Virtual Ceramic Setting the standards: How standards enhance Manufacturing Solutions quality and promote reliability Conference ...... 33

www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing Also inside! Electronic Materials and • Industry news Applications (EMA 2021) ...... 34 • Japan Fine Ceramics Association and its 45th International Conference and international standardization activities for Exposition on Advanced Ceramics fine ceramics and Composites (ICACC21). . . . . 35 • A short list of standards-developing organizations

SETTING THE STANDARDS: A SHORT LIST OF STANDARDS-DEVELOPING ORGANIZATIONS resources HOW STANDARDS ENHANCE QUALITY AND PROMOTE RELIABILITY JAPAN FINE CERAMICS ASSOCIATION AND ITS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION ACTIVITIES FOR FINE CERAMICS Calendar...... 55 Classified Advertising...... 56 Display Ad Index...... 59

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 1 AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin online Editorial and Production www.ceramics.org Eileen De Guire, Editor [email protected] Lisa McDonald, Associate Managing Editor December 2020 • Vol. 99 No.9 Michelle Martin, Production Editor Tess Speakman, Senior Graphic Designer Editorial Advisory Board Darryl Butt, University of Utah Michael Cinibulk, Air Force Research Laboratory http://bit.ly/acerstwitter http://bit.ly/acerslink http://bit.ly/acersgplus http://bit.ly/acersfb http://bit.ly/acersrss Michael Hill, Tev Tech Inc . Eliana Muccillo, IPEN-SP, Brazil Oomman Varghese, University of Houston Kelley Wilkerson, Missouri S&T As seen on Ceramic Tech Today... Customer Service/Circulation ph: 866-721-3322 fx: 240-396-5637 Pursuing the future of energy: [email protected] A review on perovskite tandem solar Advertising Sales cell development and fundamentals National Sales Mona Thiel, National Sales Director Perovskite tandem solar cell technologies improved rapidly [email protected] in the past six years, but there are still challenges keeping ph: 614-794-5834 fx: 614-794-5822 them from commercialization. A recent review article by two researchers at the University of Surrey in the U.K. provides an Europe Richard Rozelaar expansive look at this budding industry.

[email protected] Credit: University of Oxford Press Office, Flickr (CC BY 2.0) ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 Executive Staff Mark Mecklenborg, Executive Director and Publisher [email protected] Read more at www.ceramics.org/perovskitereview Eileen De Guire, Director of Technical Publications and Communications [email protected] Marcus Fish, Development Director Also see our ACerS journals... Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation [email protected] A review: Recent advances in sol-gel-derived Michael Johnson, Director of Finance and Operations hydroxyapatite nanocoatings for [email protected] clinical applications Mark Kibble, Director of Information Technology [email protected] By G . Choi, A . H . Choi, L . A . Evans, et al . Sue LaBute, Human Resources Manager & Exec . Assistant Journal of the American Ceramic Society [email protected] Andrea Ross, Director of Meetings and Marketing Review on calcium silicate-based bioceramics [email protected] in bone tissue engineering Kevin Thompson, Director of Membership By P . Srinath, P . Abdul Azeem, and K . Venugopal Reddy [email protected] International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology Officers Dana Goski, President A review of acellular immersion tests on bioactive glasses—influence of medium on ion Elizabeth Dickey, President-Elect release and apatite formation Tatsuki Ohji, Past President Stephen Houseman, Treasurer By A . Nommeots-Nomm, L . Hupa, D . Rohanová, D . S . Brauer Mark Mecklenborg, Secretary International Journal of Applied Glass Science Board of Directors Sign up to get journal tables of contents and new content alerts . See this CTT post for more information: Mario Affatigato, Director 2018–2021 https://ceramics .org/August2020tips . Darryl Butt, Director 2020–2023 Helen Chan, Director 2019–2022 Monica Ferraris, Director 2019–2022 William Headrick, Director 2019–2022 Eva Hemmer, Director 2020–2023 John Kieffer, Director 2018–2021 Makio Naito, Director 2020–2023 Jingyang Wang, Director 2018–2021 Read more at www.ceramics.org/journals Stephen Freiman, Parliamentarian

American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics community, and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering, and marketing . The American Ceramic Society is not responsible for the accuracy of information in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication . Readers should independently evaluate the accuracy of any statement in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication . American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No . 0002-7812) . ©2020 . Printed in the United States of America . ACerS Bulletin is published monthly, except for February, July, and November, as a “dual-media” magazine in print and electronic formats (www ceramics. org). . Editorial and Subscription Offices: 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, OH 43082-7045 . Subscription included with The American Ceramic Society membership . Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year $135; international, 1 year $150 *. Rates include shipping charges . International Remail Service is standard outside of the United States and Canada . *International nonmembers also may elect to receive an electronic-only, email delivery subscription for $100 . Single issues, January–October/November: member $6 per issue; nonmember $15 per issue . December issue (ceramicSOURCE): member $20, nonmember $40 . Postage/handling for single issues: United States and Canada, $3 per item; United States and Canada Expedited (UPS 2nd day air), $8 per item; International Standard, $6 per item . POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, OH 43082-7045 . Periodical postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices . Allow six weeks for address changes . ACSBA7, Vol . 99, No . 9, pp 1– 138 . All feature articles are covered in Current Contents .

2 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 news & trends

Toward an International Year of Glass Glass helps us live safer and more sustainable lives, from offering a sound disposal method for nuclear waste to improving osseointegration of biomedical implants to allowing for high-speed internet access. Yet this material, which is key to so many applications, is often underap- preciated in society and viewed only in terms of windows and kitchenware. Educating the public about the importance of glass in modern society is a goal for many materials science organizations, Credit: International Year of Glass but individual efforts only go so far. Ceramic Society, and The Glass Art International Year of Glass steering com- What if we could bring people together Society endorsed the idea in a presenta- mittee is preparing a presentation to in a global initiative to raise awareness of tion to the Office of the United States be given in early November to the UN this influential material? Mission of the United Nations in New General Assembly. That is the driving force behind a York City, which was well received. Agustin Santos, the Spanish recent initiative spearheaded by the ICG president Alicia Durán formally Ambassador to the UN, has guided the International Commission on Glass introduced the initiative to the ACerS required resolution through the General (ICG) to have 2022 declared the community in a “Letter to the Editor” Assembly, and he will present the propos- International Year of Glass. published in the September 2019 Bulletin. al in November through a virtual presenta- Since 1959, the General Assembly of At the time, she noted that “Extensive tion. The presentation will include intro- the United Nations designated specific planning is now underway to inform ducing partner organizations and person- years as United Nations International international art and scientific glass- alities in the International Year of Glass Years to acknowledge fields of interna- themed societies and museums of this project, explaining the activities planned tional endeavor and the importance of endeavor to secure the United Nations and concepts being developed, and how their contributions to global society. declaration of the 2022 International they link to the UN Agenda 2030. Usually, one or more Member States Year of Glass.” Volkan Bozkir, the Turkish propose these observances, or on occa- Since then, more than 1,100 orga- Ambassador and recently installed sion, specialized agencies of the United nizations from over 70 countries have President of the Assembly, has already Nations such as UNESCO and UNICEF expressed support for the initiative. In expressed his support and will do so dur- may put forth a proposal. The proposal an email, Durán says they are now forming the presentation as well. for the International Year of Glass, ing an international steering committee After the presentation, the resolution though, originated from a completely to continue working and developing the for approving the International Year will different source. initiative, and “Fundraising campaign, be presented at the 75th UN General proposals of activities (international and Assembly planned for December 2020. International Year of Glass: national) and spreading these activities If you wish to become a supporting From conception to a thousand to the planet will be some of the tasks institution, you can register your inter- endorsements that we can face, and solve!!” est on the official International Year The idea for an International Year of of Glass website at http://iyog2022. Glass was first discussed at the 2018 Fall Coming next: November presenta- org or email the steering committee at Annual Meeting of ICG in Yokohama, tion to the United Nations [email protected]. You can follow Japan, per a suggestion by ACerS The next big task on the way to hav- updates on the initiative on the official Distinguished Life Member David ing 2022 designated the International LinkedIn page at https://www.linkedin. Pye. In May 2019, ICG, The Corning Year of Glass is to receive formal com/company/international-year-of- Museum of Glass, The American approval from the UN. To do that, the glass-2022. n

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 3 Roni Shneck book review Guest columnist

Review of “Transparent Ceramics: Materials, Engineering, and Applications”

Over the last two decades and more, a considerable effort has been invested in development of optically transparent ceramic and glass-ceramic materials for functioning as various optical elements. Fabrication techniques of ceramic components has the potential of being highly cost-effective, and exhibit improved uniformity of optical properties compared to their crystalline counterparts. The prospected uses range from transparent optical military armour up to optical laser components. The book addresses in detail that entire scope, starting with the underlying theoretical basis through technical production details, relevant materials, and current and future prospected applications. Especially, it provides a survey and analysis of currently used and studied materials, and points out some goals for near future developments. Chapter 1 describes the book rational topic and aims in view of some historic progress, a definition of the spectral regions of interest, definition of transparency factors, and fabrication means and costs. Chapter 2 describes the basic physics underlying the interaction of light with matter. Fundamental features of light like polarization, interference, and interaction with matter involving reflection, refraction, absorption and scattering are related to the relevant material properties like refractive indices, and acoustic and optical waves. Special attention is devoted to energy states spectroscopy of dop- ant rare earth and transition metal ions. Chapter 3 surveys in detail the issue of ceramic materials processing, with attention on those mostly adequate to obtain transparent parts of optical equipment. The book offers the thus-far broadest and deepest account Chapter 4 surveys the multitude of materials used and of transparent ceramics. Individuals wishing acquaintance proposed to be used for production of transparent ceram- with this still emerging field, for either teaching or performing ics, all in view of available production techniques and of scientific research, will definitely benefit from learning and aimed-at applications. consulting this new book. Chapter 5 elaborates on various possible applications of transparent ceramics, mostly for security windows, optical lenses, and laser parts, but also for some, perhaps less appreciated Roni Shneck is professor in the Department of Materials ones like colour filters, scintillation elements, dental parts, Engineering at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. n and many more.

4 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 business and market view

A regular column featuring excerpts from BCC Research reports on industry sectors involving the ceramic and glass industry.

High-strength glass: Global markets

By Margareth Gagliardi he global market for T high-strength glass increased from $28.9 billion in 2018 to $30.9 billion in 2019, and is estimated to reach $31.9 billion in 2020, corresponding to a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.0% during the two-year period. The market is forecast to rise at Figure 1. Number of global patent applications and patents issued related to high- a CAGR of 6.1% from 2020 to strength glass, 1990–2019 2025, reaching global revenues Following that, aluminosilicate glass is region is currently the largest consumer of $42.9 billion in 2025. estimated to be valued at $2.4 billion of high-strength glass, with sales estimat- High-strength glass is a category of glass (7.5%), borosilicate glass at $1.6 billion ed to reach $13.1 billion by the end of characterized by high tensile or compres- (5.1%), and magnesium aluminosilicate 2020, corresponding to a share of 41.1% sive strength. Its origins can be traced glass at $632 million (2.0%). of the total. The United States repre- back to the 1660s, when German-English Sales of high-strength glass are expect- sents the second-largest market (25.2%) officer and scientist Prince Rupert of the ed to continue rising at a single-digit rate with estimated sales of $8.0 billion while Rhine, Duke of Cumberland presented during the next five years due to a num- Europe is expected to reach slightly over the first tempered glass with the shape of ber of relevant factors, including $6.7 billion (21.1%). a teardrop to King Charles II of England. • Expected general moderate growth for most industry sectors in which high- About the author However, almost 200 years went by before Margareth Gagliardi is a research the first industrial process for producing strength glass finds application, • Higher unit price for high-strength analyst for BCC Research. Contact tempered glass was developed. Gagliardi at [email protected]. There are seven main sectors in which glass compared to traditional glass, high-strength glass finds current and • Stronger demand in the construc- Resource potential applications: aerospace and tion sector due to architectural trends M. Gagliardi, “High-strength glass: defense, construction, electronics and aimed at emphasizing natural lighting Global markets” BCC Research Report optoelectronics, energy, life sciences, and energy savings, AVM199A, October 2020. mechanical/chemical, and transporta- • Stronger demand in the electronics www.bccresearch.com. n tion. Applications within the transpor- and optoelectronics sector due to on-going Table 1. Global market for high-strength glass, by end use, through 2025 tation sector currently account for the ($ millions) largest share of the market, at an esti- miniaturization and mated 53.4% of the total in 2020. High- fabrication of devices End Use 2018 2019 2020 2025 CAGR% strength glass for the construction sector with very thin profile, 2020-2025 represents a relatively smaller share at • Larger use in the Transportation 15,692 16,547 17,043 21,855 5.1 21.5%, while electronics and optoelec- energy sector driven Construction 6,121 6,667 6,863 9,671 7.1 tronics is estimated to account for 7.6%. by the fabrication of Electronics and optoelectronics 2,198 2,329 2,436 3,546 7.8 All the remaining applications represent solar cells and photo- Energy 2,019 2,266 2,380 3,713 9.3 a combined share of 17.4%. thermal devices, and Aerospace and defense 920 953 977 1,194 4.1 Laminated and tempered soda-lime- • Emerging Mechanical/chemical 750 798 822 1,074 5.5 silica glass currently represent the largest trends, such as higher Life sciences 597 640 670 914 6.4 segment (85.4%) of the high-strength demand for light- Others 652 690 711 890 4.6 glass market, with projected sales of weight materials. Total 28,949 30,890 31,902 42,857 6.1 $27.2 billion by the end of 2020. The Asia-Pacific

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 5 acers spotlight

SOCIETY, DIVISION, SECTION, AND CHAPTER NEWS

Names in the News A Case for continuous membership Himanshu Jain, Lehigh You were nominated to be an ACerS Fellow! …but wait, you have not held contin- University’s T.L. uous ACerS membership. I am sorry, you do not qualify for the Fellows distinction. Diamond Distinguished What if this situation happened to you? Do you count on renewing your ACerS Chair in Engineering and membership only when you attend meetings? If you miss a meeting one year, you Applied Science and pro- could experience a gap in membership and an interruption of important member fessor of materials science benefits, such as the Bulletin and online access to ACerS’ four peer-review journals Jain and engineering, was and Bulletin archives. named winner of the 2020 Journal of It also makes you ineligible to receive distinctions that require continuous Non-Crystalline Solids N.F. Mott Award, membership, such as becoming an ACerS Fellow (five continuous years) or which recognizes a distinguished senior Emeritus member (35 continuous years). To be eligible for Fellow and Emeritus scientist with a history of outstanding status, ACerS encourages you to renew your membership each year. For more contributions to the science of non- information about Fellows, Emeritus, or other awards eligibility, visit crystalline solids. https://ceramics.org/members/awards. n Larry Wagner joined Du-Co Ceramics as Volunteer Spotlight Queen Mary University of London; and automation engineer– Nagoya Institute of Technology (Japan), electrical. n ACerS Volunteer Spotlight Brauer returned to Friedrich Schiller profiles a member who dem- University Jena as a junior professor in onstrates outstanding service Wagner 2012. She was made a full professor of to the Society. bioactive glasses in 2017. Delia Brauer stud- Brauer leads an international group ied chemistry with Brauer of students and postdoctoral researchers AWARDS AND DEADLINES environmental chem- from various backgrounds. Her research istry at Friedrich Schiller University focuses on inorganic glasses as biomateri- Jena (Germany) and University of ACerS 2020 Award winners als and on the interaction between glass Northumbria at Newcastle (England) This year’s ACerS award winners and water. before executing a Ph.D. research project can be seen on our YouTube channel She has edited one book and has con- on degradable phosphate glasses and https://youtu.be/7L9sRTTNVeI. tributed several chapters to publications. glass/polymer composites for medical Congratulations to all the winners! n She is regularly invited to give talks at applications at the Otto Schott Institute, international conferences. Friedrich Schiller University Jena. Brauer served as chair of Technical Upcoming awards nomination After postdoctoral research projects Committee 04 (Bioglasses) and member at the University of California, San deadlines of Technical Committee 23 (Education) Francisco; Imperial College London; For more information about each of the International Commission on award, visit www.ceramics.org/awards or Glass. The 2015 winner of the Gottardi contact Erica Zimmerman at Prize of the ICG, she was made a Fellow In memoriam [email protected]. Edward Aitken of the Society of Glass Technology David J. Barber (U.K.) in 2016. In 2020, together with Society awards: January 15 Daniel Reardon Jessica Rimsza, she served as program co- ACerS runs a thriving awards Willard Renner chair of the first Virtual Glass Summit program that recognizes the contribu- John Roberts organized by ACerS. tions of deserving individuals and com- Stuart Weinland We extend our deep appreciation to panies in the ceramics and glass com- Some detailed obituaries can also be Brauer for her service to our Society! n munity. Nominations are encouraged for found on the ACerS website, candidates from groups that are under- www.ceramics.org/in-memoriam. represented in ACerS awards relative to

6 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Awards and deadlines (cont.) STUDENTS AND OUTREACH their participation in the Society, including women, underrepresented minori- Register today for ACerS Annual Winter Workshop ties, industry scientists and engineers, ACerS Winter Workshop, hosted by the Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation, and international members. will be held in conjunction with the ICACC 2021 virtual meeting on Thursday, We urge you to submit nominations Jan. 28 and Friday, Jan. 29, 2021. The Winter Workshop provides a combination for our many Society and Division awards. of technical and professional development sessions designed specifically for students GOMD awards: January 21 and young professionals. For more information and to register, visit n The Glass & Optical Materials https://ceramics.org/winter-workshop-2021. Division seeks nominations by Jan. 21, 2021, for the following awards: ACerS Global Distinguished Doctoral Dissertation Award • The Norbert J. Kreidl This award recognizes a distinguished doctoral dissertation in the ceramics and • George W. Morey glass discipline. The awardee must have been a member of the Global Graduate • L. David Pye Lifetime Achievement Researcher Network and have completed a doctoral dissertation as well as all other • Stookey Lecture of Discovery graduation requirements set by their institution for a doctoral degree within • Varshneya-Mauro-Jain Guru-Chela 12 months prior to the application deadline. The nomination deadline is Jan. 15, Travel Fund 2021. For more information, visit www.ceramics.org/doctoraldissertationaward. n Bioceramics Division Awards In 2020, the Bioceramics Division PCSA student competition awardees received ACerS Board approval for the Congratulations to the following awardees from the 2020 PCSA student creation of four awards with a July 1 competitions: nomination deadline: ACerS PCSA Competition • Bioceramics Young Scholar

• Global Young Bioceramicist

▲ 2020 Artistic Creativity and • Larry L. Hench Lifetime Viewer’s Choice Award Achievement Macro innovations from micro • Tadashi Kokubo (sponsored by observations Nippon Glass Co., Ltd.) by Rachel Eckert, The Division announced the first Iowa State University recipients for two awards.

2020 Global Young

Bioceramicist Awardee: ▲ William Lepry, 2020 Scientific Award McGill University Promethean Sierpinski by Zach Abrams, Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School Lepry ACerS PCSA Lab Blooper Competition 2020 Larry L. Hench Lifetime Achievement Awardee: Carolyn Primus, n Primus Consulting ▲ 2020 Artistic, Scientific, and Viewer’s Choice Award Murphy’s Law always obey Primus by Anna De Marzi, University of Padova

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 7 acers spotlight

CGIF welcomes new board members The Board of Trustees of the Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation welcomed four new Board members at its recent meeting.

Alex Cozzi Nola K. Pearce chair Thomas Arbanas, president of Du-Co Manager, applied materials Vice president/Account Ceramics; treasurer Steve Houseman, research executive president of Harrop Industries; and secretary Savannah River National ETS Tech-Ops Mark Mecklenborg, executive director of The LaboratoryAiken, S.C. Rochester, N.Y. American Ceramic Society. There can be no doubt that this year was a Leslie Fenwick Beiter John Kieffer rough one for all of us. Despite that, the CGIF Professor, University of Regional account manager– has remained diligent in finding new ways of Michigan ceramics reaching students—the future of our industry. U.S. & Canada, Almatis, Inc. Ann Arbor, MI Now more than ever, your gift to the Ceramic Leetsdale, Pa. and Glass Industry Foundation is vital to our success in attracting students to the ceramics and glass fields as we fill the talent pipeline for Jeff Kohli CGIF Board of Trustee Officers for 2020–2021 industry. Please visit our website at Director of glass research are chair Mary Stevenson, president of https://foundation.ceramics.org/give or Corning Incorporated Deltech, Inc.; chair-elect Todd Steyer, Painted Post, N.Y. donate via your cell phone by texting the word chief engineer for materials & technologies “give” to 614-914-2685. n at The Boeing Company; immediate past

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8 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 ANNOUNCING A NEW WAY FOR YOUNGSTERS TO LEARN ABOUT MATERIALS SCIENCE!

The Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundati on is proud to introduce our Mini Materials Demo Kit, a collecti on of seven simple demonstrati ons for use practi cally anywhere by parents, teachers, and students who are uti lizing online and at-home teaching resources.

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CERAMICANDGLASSINDUSTRY FOUNDATION ceramics in biomedicine

Titanium-reinforced bioceramic implant induces cranial regrowth in sheep Researchers from several Swedish universities and institutes described in a recent paper a synthetic ceramic implant they created that could regenerate bone in large cranial defects in sheep. Cranioplasty, or the surgical reconstruction of a defect in the skull, is a practice stretching back hundreds of years, but the technique only became common during the second half of the 20th century, due largely to warfare providing an impetus to improve our ability to cover large cranial defects. To date, autologous bone grafts, or grafts made from bone obtained from other areas of the patient, are the standard for reconstructive treatment. Yet Credit: Omar et al., Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Researchers in Sweden developed this experimental bioceramic implant, which is com- this approach is associated with frequent posed of calcium phosphate tiles reinforced and interconnected by an additively manu- complications, in particular relatively high factured titanium frame. resorption, protrusion, and infection rates and a high rate of donor-site morbidities. forming cells. More researchers are now • Bone growth: In the sheep skull, In the past few decades, researchers exploring mixed-phase calcium phos- the bioceramic implant promoted a have extensively investigated alloplastic phate ceramics, such as the collaborative higher degree of bone formation, remod- materials, or synthetic materials that sub- group of researchers in Sweden. eling, and osseointegration compared stitute for tissue, as another option for For their study, the researchers from to the titanium implant, leading to cranioplasty grafts. Calcium phosphate the University of Gothenburg, Uppsala enhanced repair of the cranial defect. ceramics are one group of materials that University, and Karolinska University Outside the skeletal envelope, only the have played a central role in modern allo- Hospital and Karolinska Institutet chose bioceramic implant promoted bone for- plastic cranioplasty research due to their a powder mixture of ß-TCP/dicalcium mation and maintained bone. Regardless biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, pyrophosphate and monocalcium phos- of the location, the regenerated bone i.e., the ability of bone-forming cells in phate monohydrate for their ceramic, from the bioceramic had a composition the grafting area to move across a scaf- which they mixed with glycerol to form similar to that of the native bone. fold and slowly replace it with new bone. a paste. They molded this bioceramic In the discussion section, the Calcium phosphate cements in par- paste in the form of hexagonal tiles researchers note two main limitations of ticular have gained an edge over granular around an additively manufactured tita- the study: the absence of a mechanical calcium phosphates because of advantages nium frame and then left it to set over- evaluation after bone regeneration, and afforded by the cements’ self-hardening night in sterile water, a process that also the absence of cellular and molecular properties, which make molding the eliminated the glycerol. techniques to shed light on the under- brittle ceramic into a desired shape easier. The titanium-reinforced bioceramic lying ceramic-to-bone transformation Often, the cements are combined with or implant and a control implant made mechanisms. Despite these limitations, overlaid on other materials such as biore- only of titanium were placed in sheep the researchers say the study provided sorbable fibers or titanium mesh, respec- skulls for testing. Following analysis of proof-of-concept for this bioceramic’s tively, to augment strength of the graft. observations recorded at three months potential to promote in situ bone regen- In recent years, several studies showed and 12 months, the researchers drew eration and osseointegration. calcium phosphate ceramics that consist several notable conclusions, including The open-access paper, published of several phases, such as beta-tricalcium • Soft tissue adaption: The bioc- in Proceedings of the National Academy of phosphate (ß-TCP) and hydroxyapatite, eramic implants revealed defect restora- Sciences, is “In situ bone regeneration exhibit improved or new properties com- tion and soft tissue adaptation in sheep of large cranial defects using synthetic pared to ceramics with a single phase. cranial defects. In contrast, soft tissue ceramic implants with a tailored com- For example, high protein adsorption contraction was apparent around tita- position and design” (DOI: 10.1073/ and osteoinduction, or the ability to nium implants, with visible metal on the pnas.2007635117). n stimulate cells to change into bone- skin and dura sides.

10 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 advances in nanomaterials

Thermal scanning probe lithography allows precise nanocutting of 2D materials Researchers at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland explored using thermal scanning probe lithography to fabricate nanostructures in 2D materials. To date, top-down approaches to nanostructure construction are used extensively in the semiconductor industry to fabricate integrated circuits, among other things. Specifically, lithographic techniques—or techniques by which a pattern is transferred onto a surface—are typically used. Common lithographic techniques involve using beams of light, electrons, or ions to etch patterns onto a surface. However, Credit: Case Western Reserve University though these techniques work well for fabricating nanostruc- Researchers in the U.S. and Italy found infiltrating metalenses tures on most surfaces, they run into some challenges when with liquid crystals may allow dynamic control of the lenses’ used to pattern 2D materials, such as causing structural damage. optical properties. Scanning probe lithography (SPL) is one type of lithography that holds potential for effectively fabricating nanostructures Laboratory, says their technique could prove quite useful to in 2D materials. Instead of using a focused beam of particles the semiconductor industry. to etch patterns in a sample, SPL methods use a physical tip “This generic technology will be very useful in nanoelectronics, to modify the surface through various physical and chemical nanophotonics, and nanobiotechnology, as it will help to make interactions, such as scratching, nanoindentation, or heating. electronic components smaller and more efficient,” she says. Among SPL methods, thermal scanning probe lithography The open-access paper, published in Advanced Materials, (t-SPL) has gained much attention in recent years. This meth- is “Thermomechanical nanocutting of 2D materials” (DOI: od involves using a heated nanotip to modify the surface of a 10.1002/adma.202001232). n sample, and it has now reached a high level of technical matu- rity, with several dedicated tools to perform reliable t-SPL. In the recent open-access study on t-SPL, the researchers made a significant change to the setup of their experiment to fully harness the thermal component of t-SPL. Instead of placing the 2D materials directly on an inelastic substrate, they placed a polymer layer between the 2D layer and substrate. “The polymer we use is polyphthalaldehyde (PPA) with a glass transition temperature of ≈150°C. Above this temperature, … PPA does not melt but directly subli- mates,” they write in the paper. When they pressed the heated tip into the 2D material, sublimation of the underlying polymer layer allowed the tip to achieve a deeper indention, thus making it easier to cut through the 2D material’s chemical bonds. The researchers used the t-SPL method to create square patterns in a variety of molybdenum-based 2D materials, with pattern sizes ranging from 20 to 200 nm. “The smallest feature we were able to cut is about 20 nm, which is the smallest reported for a direct cutting method and is similar to the resolution in [electron beam lithography],” they write. They also note their method is not limited to cutting mono- layers but also can be used to cut certain multilayers and, “most interestingly,” heterostructures. They acknowledge graphene, even at monolayer thickness, could not be fractured “as the intra-layer bonding exceeds the force that can be applied with the t-SPL tool,” but they say this limitation “could be eventually overcome with a t-SPL cantilever that can apply larger contact forces.” In an EPFL press release, first author Xia Liu, researcher and postdoc in the School of Engineering’s Microsystems

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 11 research briefs

Modeling illuminates properties of ancient ceramics When master artisans passed down recipes for historic pottery from generation to generation, they determined correct firing and other processing conditions by relying on senses and experiences that could in no way be captured, even when records were kept. So it is no won- der some of the beauty and utility of historic pottery is difficult to replicate today, even by skilled artisans and engineers. As archeologists find more artifacts, archeometrists seek to unlock the secrets of ancient civilizations and their engineers and artisans. But how can these scientists uncover key mechanical and chemical information from such priceless, irreplace- able items? How can they figure out how they were produced? Examining shards is helpful when the tests can be destructive, but it only goes so far. Instead, scientists use models to estimate and attempt to reproduce such items. Two recent open-access articles in International Journal of Ceramic Engi- neering & Science discuss models that were used to better understand ceramics from different parts of the world designed for very different purposes:

commerce and decoration. Credit: Sørensen et al., Science Advances (CC BY 4.0) 3D models of amphorae from Kos (top) and Rhodes (bottom). Amphorae: Understanding distances, especially by boat. And one vessel on one end and attached to the mechanical properties of standard type of ceramic container used often in body at the other. They are specifically transport containers antiquity for this purpose was amphorae. designed to be stacked inside cargo With the advent of regional trade, Amphorae are bullet-shaped vessels, holds of ships in multiple layers. merchants needed containers in which typically with long necks and handles While the amphorae itself had some to store and transport goods over long that are affixed near the mouth of the value, the real value lay in the vessel’s

Research News

Flash graphene rocks strategy for plastic waste Mini perovskite solar panels with 18.4% efficiency Rice University researchers advanced a new technique to make graphene Researchers from Singapore’s Energy Research Institute at Nanyang from waste with a focus on plastic. Instead of raising the temperature Technological University developed a mini solar module based on of a carbon source with direct current, as in the original process, the thermally evaporated perovskites with an efficiency of 18.4% and a lab first exposes plastic waste to around eight seconds of high-intensity geometric fill factor of around 91%. The module, which has an active alternating current, followed by the DC jolt. The products are high-quality area of 6.4 cm2, is based on thermally evaporated methylammonium turbostratic graphene, a valuable and soluble substance that can be used lead iodide with an optimized thickness of 750 nm. The perovskite to enhance electronics, composites, concrete, and other materials. They films were used to build solar cells with an “n-i-p” layout on estimate that at industrial scale, the process could produce graphene fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates. For more information, visit for about $125 in electricity costs per ton of plastic waste. For more https://www.pv-magazine.com. n information, visit https://news.rice.edu/category/news-releases. n

12 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 contents. As such, if the container broke and the contents of that vessel were lost—and potentially damaged other goods in the cargo hold as well—it could result in substantial losses to the producer and the ship owner. In the first open-access paper, Anno Hein and Vassilis Kilikoglou from the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotech- nology in Greece assessed specific design features of different amphorae for their Credit: Sørensen et al., Science Advances (CC BY 4.0) TEM micrographs of the shard of Ru celadon porcelain, including (A) the glaze layer of performance (e.g., failure potential), par- Ru celadon porcelain, and (B) anorthite surrounded by the dual-phasic glass matrix. ticularly during transport. Furthermore, they used simulations to provide infor- conditions for finite element model- amphorae. Excessive compressive loads mation to help interpret typical damages ing of the stresses that build up at the are found, but the authors surmise these observed in archaeological finds. contact points of the amphorae due to loads result in elasto-plastic deforma- The researchers ran nondestructive static vertical loading (e.g., the weight tion, which is not catastrophic. Tensile testing such as X-ray tomography to of one layer on the next), dynamic verti- stresses on the outer surfaces, on the determine wall thicknesses while per- cal loads (ships travel over waves), and other hand, can lead to crack initiation forming mechanical testing on shards dynamic horizontal loads (ships rocking and eventual failure. Failed amphorae to get insights into mechanical strength, side-to-side). artifacts show damage in the areas pre- tangent moduli, and plastic deformation. The results of the modeling include dicted by the modeling. They used the limited experimental compressive and tensile stresses on The open-access paper, published in information as inputs and boundary the exterior and interior walls of the International Journal of Ceramic Engineer-

rld of Scie o nc W e A Abstracts deadline extended to Nov. 23 ceramics.org/pacrim14

PACRIM PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON a nd gy Technolo 14CERAMIC AND GLASS TECHNOLOGY including Glass & Optical Materials Division Meeting (GOMD 2021) Hyatt Regency Vancouver | Vancouver, BC, Canada May 23–28, 2021

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 13 research briefs ing & Science, is “Digital modeling of systems they created against a shard of function and performance of transport ancient celadon ceramic for color, micro- amphorae” (DOI: 10.1002/ces2.10056). structure, and chemical content of the glass and crystallites. Ru celadon: Investigating the col- In the end they came close to the Credit: Robinson et al., Cornell University oring of a masterwork of Chinese ancient celadon color and opalescence, An updated ceramic conduction model ceramics giving insight into ancient firing pro- may help researchers custom-tailor the Celadon is a pottery term that refers tocols. Their work supports the com- properties of metal oxides in energy to both a transparent, greenish glaze and bination of the chemical coloring and technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, the wares to which the glaze is applied. structural coloring mechanisms. Specifi- fuel cells, and electrocatalysts. Though the term is purely European, cally, the dual-phase nature of the glass contributes to Rayleigh scattering while charge transport may be affected by the celadon originated in China, and today differences introduced by the hopping notable kilns such as the Longquan kiln crystallites and voids contribute to the 2+ barriers or different spinstates between in Zhejiang province are renowned for “milky” color, while the ratio of Fe and 3+ 2+ Fe3+ oxidation states of iron contribute the Fe /Mn cation pairs.” their celadon glazes. To update the conventional small- Celadons come mostly in some shade to chemical coloration. The open-access paper, published in polaron transport model, the research- of green, but shades of pale blue—nota- ers investigated conduction in a tightly International Journal of Ceramic Engineer- bly Ru celadon—are highly valued, and defined sample of epitaxial thin films of ing & Science, is “Analysis of structural in historical times were reserved more the spinel Mn Fe O grown by molecu- or less exclusively for use in the Chinese effects on coloring mechanism of Ru x 3–x 4 celadon porcelain” (DOI: 10.1002/ lar-beam epitaxy. Imperial court. Experiments on the Mn Fe O spi- ces2.10058). n x 3–x 4 In the second open-access paper, Yen- nels confirmed what the researchers sus- Yu Chen (Chinese Culture University) pected—that charge cannot hop between and Yi-Wun Bai and Wen-Cheng J. Wei Updated small-polaron transport manganese and iron cations. “This (National Taiwan University) investi- creates a requirement for a contiguous gated methods to reproduce the unique model accounts for complex oxide systems elemental path and leads to an addi- color and milky opalescence of ancient tional condition for charge transport to Ru celadon glazed ceramics. An interdisciplinary collaboration occur: separate, decoupled percolation The color of celadon is generated by between Cornell University and Tech- networks need to be formed by both Fe two mechanisms: chemical coloring by nion–Israel Institute of Technology (Israel) and Mn cations,” they write. iron species in calcium aluminosilicate updated a model for ceramic conduction They also observed a preference for compositions; and structural coloring to more accurately calculate small-polaron polarons to travel along the manganese by inhomogeneities, specifically crystal- transport in complex oxides. pathways rather than the iron pathways, lites and voids in the celadon glass. For the past 60 years, researchers and the presence of asymmetric hopping While there is some information avail- described the movement of polarons barriers between cross-hopping pairs. able about the material composition through a material using a small-polaron “To account for these observations, we of ancient celadon—both from analysis transport model developed by Heikes introduce a percolation parameter, a of ancient shards and from prior stud- and Ure in the 1960s. However, Heikes polaron distribution parameter, and a ies—the fabrication methods are not well and Ure developed the model based on cross-hopping parameter to the conven- understood. For example, it is believed binary compounds. When this model is tional electronic conductivity equation the porcelain was fired in a reducing used to describe conduction in higher- that correct the model for higher-order environment, but there is no way of order oxides with multiple cations, spinels,” they write. knowing the composition of the gases or it quickly runs into problems, as the The updated model with these addi- their temperature—the technology simply researchers describe in their paper. tional parameters showed “excellent did not exist for those measurements “For instance, in the binary spinel overlap” with the experimental trends, 1,000 years ago. Fe O , all of the charge-conducting 3 4 thus “confirming the role of percolation In this article, the researchers created octahedral (Oh) sites are occupied by pathways and cross-hopping in describing their own celadon by varying a range of Fe cations, and charge transport occurs the charge transport in ternary spinels.” experimental conditions, including com- along pathways having an alternating The paper, published in Advanced 2+ 3+ position relative to phase stability data arrangement of Fe /Fe ,” they explain. Materials, is “Breakdown of the 2+ for the complex chemical system and “On replacing an Fe cation with a small-polaron hopping model in 2+ firing temperatures, environments, and Mn cation, although the donor/accep- higher-order spinels” (DOI: 10.1002/ holding times. They measured the model tor pair arrangement is still present, the adma.202004490). n

14 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 ceramics in energy

Ceramic matrix composites contain corrosive materials in thermal energy storage In the recent September/October 2020 issue of the International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, two articles from different research groups in Germany explore creating carbon/carbon-silicon carbide (C/C–SiC) ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) for use as container materials in thermal energy storage systems. Thermal energy storage systems offer an alternative to batteries and pumped hydro for storing energy generated from renewable sources. However, the molten salts and other closely related materials that are at the center of such systems are difficult to contain due to the highly corrosive nature of the liquid materials, moderately high operating temperatures, and substantial expansion during the transition from solid to liquid. Producing container materials that can withstand the

high temperatures, thermal expansion stresses, and corrosive Credit: Bartleby08, Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 4.0) materials for decades of operation are key to adoption of large- Thermal energy storage tower inaugurated in 2017 in Bozen- scale thermal energy storage. And as the research groups in Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy. Ceramic matrix composites hold Germany showed, C/C–SiC CMCs have the potential to serve promise as container materials for high-temperature and cor- as good container materials. rosive materials integral to thermal energy storage. In the first open-access article, researchers from the German Aerospace Research Center and the University of pared C/C–SiC using carbon fiber reinforced polymers as the Augsburg in Germany describe the design, fabrication, and starting material. The moldable precursor polymers are shaped characterization of a C/C–SiC container for an aluminum- and cross-linked, then pyrolyzed to C/C composites under silicon phase change alloy. argon atmosphere. Conversion to C/C–SiC is achieved by The first stages of their study focused on fabrication and either liquid silicon infiltration or internal siliconization, the compatibility testing of C/C–SiC test bars. They found the bars latter of which is accomplished by mixing silicon powder into withstood the liquid aluminum-silicon alloy and maintained their the original polymer. physical properties with no discernable interactions, such as pen- The researchers explored the effects of carbon fiber fraction etration of the alloy into the test bars. Though there are potential (weight %), silicon fraction, and silicon loading method by mea- chemical reactions between the alloy and the CMC, the research- suring the processing parameters of mass loss, shrinkage, and ers found no evidence of substantial reactions, which echoes the porosity, and performance parameters of strength and elongation. findings of other researchers. The results are complex, but in short, the researchers concluded Following the test bars, they continued with the design and that the best mechanical properties were found to be at a fiber fabrication of the container. They decided on low-cost, scalable mass content of 40%, and a silicon amount higher than 14 wt% techniques for fabricating the four main components of their negatively influences the whole process. annular container and then used these techniques as boundary Their results show that molding C/C–SiC composites from conditions for finite element analysis. They used finite element preceramic polymer-based mixtures has the potential to be a analysis to determine container wall thickness by balancing the cost-effective method for fabrication of complex structures. strength needed to withstand stresses that arise during phase Further research to optimize properties and processing param- changes against heat conduction requirements to allow effi- eters should improve the end-product performance and allow cient energy transfer. this method to compete with the more conventional fabrica- Unfortunately, pressure testing of the container revealed tion methods, such as those employed by the authors of the cracks at the interface of two of the parts, which most likely first open-access paper. occurred during fabrication. Though the flaw prevented the The first open-access paper, published in International Journal full regimen of performance testing, and several issues require of Applied Ceramic Technology, is “C/C–SiC component for further experimentation, the researchers believe the container metallic phase change materials” (DOI: 10.1111/ijac.13570). shows promise for thermal energy storage application. The second paper, published in International Journal of The second article, by researchers from Chemnitz University Applied Ceramic Technology, is “Properties of C/C–SiC com- of Technology in Germany, describes a different path to low- posites produced via transfer moulding and inner siliconiza- cost fabrication of C/C–SiC composites. The researchers pre- tion” (DOI: 10.1111/ijac.13548). n

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 15 ceramics in energy

Polar rather than conductive battery cathodes lead to long-term cycling stability An international team led by Jong-Su and eventually outperforms the conduc- Yu from Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute tive counterpart after 500 cycles.” of Science & Technology (Korea) and In addition, the silica host also dem- Khalil Amine from Argonne National onstrated outstanding low fading rates, Laboratory conducted a recent study to even at high current density, and compa- determine the respective importance of rable and improved areal and volumetric two key properties—polarity and conduc- capacities, respectively, compared to tivity—in improving the cycling stability carbon hosts. of lithium-sulfur batteries. “These outstanding areal and volu- Li-S batteries have a theoretical spe- metric capacities, as well as cycle stability, cific energy of more than 2,500 Wh/kg, which have not been achieved by even which is much higher than the average state-of-the-art carbon hosts, clearly indi- specific energy of 100–265 Wh/kg for cate that the polar [silica] host, despite current Li-ion batteries. However, to nonconductivity, has high promising date the experimental values of Li-S bat- potential for energy storage in [Li-S batter-

tery specific energy have been far below Credit: Egibe, Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 4.0) ies],” the researchers write in the paper. theoretical values. Shuttling of polysulfide compounds Of course, electrical conductivity is The main mechanisms hindering (shown as yellow and blue chains) still necessary to achieve good electro- Li-S battery performance are irrevers- impairs the performance of lithium-sulfur chemical performance. “However, the ible loss of sulfur from the cathode (the batteries. Polar host materials for the cath- conductivity is not a big issue in the ode’s sulfur can mitigate this effect, and polysulfide “shuttle” effect) and unsta- researchers found this ability makes up host itself since the poor conductivity ble lithium deposition on the anode. for the materials’ low conductivity. of the host can be compensated by the These mechanisms are not the only conducting agent involved as a required Based on these challenges, the ques- challenges, however. Sulfur also has low electrode material during electrode prep- tion of the best host material for sulfur electrical conductivity (5 × 10–30 S/cm aration,” the researchers add. in Li-S batteries remains wide open. at room temperature), which hinders In the conclusion, the researchers In the recent study, the researchers the cycling efficiency of Li-S batteries. note they are currently investigating ways wanted to determine if it is better to To improve conductivity, researchers to improve electron pathways in the pursue polarity or conductivity in the have experimented extensively with plac- silica host while maintaining the high cathode to improve cycling if only one of ing the cathode’s sulfur within highly surface polar properties, such as by add- these two properties can be maximized. conductive carbon host materials, such ing a thin conductive carbon coating to To answer this question, they designed as hollow porous carbon, graphene, the silica to enhance conductivity. two cathodes, one made from platelet mesoporous carbon, and microporous The paper, published in Advanced ordered mesoporous silica (pOMS) and carbon. Unfortunately, long-term cycling Energy Materials, is “Revisiting the role of one made from platelet ordered mesopo- stability continues to be a problem conductivity and polarity of host materi- rous carbon (pOMC). because of the nonpolar covalent bonds als for long-life lithium–sulfur battery” “The two cathodes were designed to that carbon forms with itself, which pre- (DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201903934). n vent polysulfides on the carbon surface be exact replicas of one another apart from the use of either silica or carbon,” from attaching strongly, and instead they THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY diffuse away—leading to the notorious Amine says in an Argonne press release. Website Advertising polysulfide “shuttle” effect. “This way, we could determine whether Researchers have investigated a more polar cathode or a more conduc- TARGET YOUR employing oxide additives, polymers, tive cathode improved the longevity of or other inorganic materials on the the battery.” MARKET carbon framework to enhance poly- Upon testing, the researchers found sulfide confinement and mitigate the that while the conductive carbon host with a higher specific surface area of ceramics.org polysulfide shuttle effect. But these 2 –1 methods often require complicated 1,597 m g showed better initial capacity, “the polar [silica host] with a lower Contact Mona Thiel For Details and expensive synthesis processes, plus 2 –1 they limit the accommodation of sul- surface area of 844 m g reveals much 614-794-5834 fur by reducing available surface area. more stable performance for long cycles [email protected]

16 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 BETTER BODIES WITH BIOMATERIALS: How ceramic and glass contribute to the $110B global market for implantable biomaterials

By April Gocha and Lisa McDonald

Ceramic and glass biomaterials integrate with the human body in diverse ways to support human health. As aging populations and evolving healthcare approaches shift the medical landscape, increasing opportunities for both established and innovative technologies predict a strong future for ceramics and glass.

here are few systems that can Tefficiently incorporate materials that provide structural support, filtration capacity, energy generation, energy storage, electrical conductivity, gas exchange, processing power, dynamic flexibility, and regenerative potential into one integrated, highly functional, and incredibly adaptable self-contained system. Yet the human body is a system that can provide all those functions and many more, and it does so through a unique collection of highly functional materials.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 17 Better bodies with biomaterials

Collectively those materials enable everything our bodies do, and they often retain functionality throughout the human lifespan, which worldwide is an average of 73.2 years.1 However, the materials are not always perfect and sometimes fail due to overuse, injury, disease, or genetics—circumstances that are becoming Bone more common as worldwide populations Orthopedic hardware age due to population dynamics and Porous scaffolds for repair increasing life expectancies. Eye Bone grafts, fillers, cements Globally, the number of individu- Corneal implants als over 65 years old surpassed that of Orbital implants children under 5 years old for the first Ear time in history in 2018. And while an Retinal implants Middle ear implants— estimated one in 11 individuals (9%) ossicular prosthesis, around the world were over 65 years old piezoceramic crystals in 2019, the older population is expected Cochlear implants to increase to one in six (16%) by 2050.2 These trends affect nearly every aspect of life, perhaps most notably healthcare. Teeth Jaw Individuals are living longer and are Craniofacial reconstruction Prosthetics, implants, veneers, remaining active until later years of life, Dental implants demanding enhanced strategies to main- dental cements tain longer functionality of the body’s materials. Humans have long turned to bioma- Spine terials in diverse forms to repair, replace, Spinal implants and fusion devices or enhance bodily materials (Figure 1), Skin Bearing surfaces for disc replacements establishing a global market for implant- Wound healing Implantable pulse generator devices able biomaterials that was estimated to Tissue regeneration be worth nearly $110 billion in 2019.3 While metals, polymers, ceramics, and glass all are used for biomaterial applications, ceramics and glass have a par- Heart ticular advantage, says Frank Anderson, Hip, knee, shoulder joints Cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators vice president of Global Research and Valves and seals on heart pump Joint implant articulation surfaces, Development at CoorsTek (Golden, ventricle assist devices Colo.). “Many technical ceramics are coatings at bone interfaces inherently biocompatible, chemically- resistant, and inert, which gives them a unique advantage over other implantable materials,” he says. Internal space The global market for bioceramics Various components, sealings, was valued at $14.5 billion in 2016 and packaging for implantable devices is predicted to reach a value of $20.2 Implantable sensors billion by 2021, growing at a 6.9% compound annual growth rate (CAGR).4 The market is mainly dominated by alumina and zirconia, which account for 75% of the market due to primary use of these materials in bone and dental implants. Other bioceramics frequently Figure 1. Ceramics and glass help found in implantable devices include repair, replace, and enhance all hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phos- types of bodily materials. phate, and bioactive glass also has clini-

18 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 cal applications with rapidly expanding potential throughout the human body. It should be noted that while these materials predominate many implantable applications within the human body, mainly due to their acceptance and time on the market, other ceramic and glass Bone compositions are also suitable for many of Orthopedic hardware these applications, and we might expect Porous scaffolds for repair their purview to expand in future markets. Eye Bone grafts, fillers, cements Collectively, ceramic and glass materials Corneal implants enable many different kinds of implantable medical products that not only Orbital implants Ear significantly contribute to human health Retinal implants Middle ear implants— but also constitute robust industries with ossicular prosthesis, rich economic impact. Table 1 provides piezoceramic crystals a sample of some companies that manufacture ceramic and glass biomaterials or Cochlear implants implantable products. The following sections highlight a Teeth Jaw handful of applications for ceramics and Craniofacial reconstruction glass in the human body. Although the Prosthetics, implants, veneers, Dental implants listed applications are not exhaustive, the dental cements diversity highlighted here should provide a flavor of the vast potential of ceramics Spine and glass within the human body. Spinal implants and fusion devices PACKAGING: GLASS PROTECTS BOTH Skin Bearing surfaces for disc replacements BODY AND DEVICE Wound healing Implantable pulse generator devices Ceramic and glass materials are incor- Tissue regeneration porated into or play supporting roles in many electronic devices implanted into the human body, such as neurostimula- tors and pacemakers. In these applica- Heart tions, a bioinert and long-lasting barrier Hip, knee, shoulder joints Cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators between the device components and the Valves and seals on heart pump harsh environment of the body is imper- Joint implant articulation surfaces, ventricle assist devices ative to protect both—precisely a job for coatings at bone interfaces ceramics and glass. For instance, glass-sealed feedthroughs and packaging often encase the batteries for implantable pacemakers, where a Internal space hermetic seal preserves both function of Various components, sealings, the device and safety of the patient. packaging for implantable devices “Glass is used to seal the terminals of Implantable sensors pacemaker batteries. It acts as an electrical insulation material for the metal conductors. At the same time, glass creates a reliably gas-tight barrier when hermetically sealed with the electrical contact pins,” says Jochen Herzberg, medical program manager of Schott’s Electronic Packaging business unit (Landshut, Germany). “Specially selected glass types are resistant to the highly corrosive environment in the battery. And it doesn’t deteriorate

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 19 Better bodies with biomaterials

or get brittle over time like polymers or nique provides a hermetic seal for bat- glass package, this is possible by stacking epoxies. It enables a higher reliability and tery feedthroughs, there is another glass base wafers with spacer glass and cover a longer device lifetime.” technology that comes into play when or etched lid wafers, thereby creating a To manufacture the glass-to-metal miniaturization or encapsulation of cavity in which the sensor device will sealed packages and feedthroughs, heat-sensitive components is required. be encapsulated,” Herzberg says. “The Schott presses finely ground glass For those applications, Schott has stacked glass wafers are then laser-sealed, powder into a ring shape that is then another solution with its Primoceler resulting in a gas-tight all-glass sen- sintered and assembled with the metal glass micro-bonding technology. This sor package. One major advantage of conductors inserted in the middle of wafer-scale technology uses a laser to Primoceler laser bonding technology is the ring and an outer metal casing. The precisely and locally bond glass to glass, that it all happens at room temperature. three components then undergo a seal- creating a vacuum-tight bond with no So even if the sensor is very heat sensi- ing process in a belt furnace to bond the additional materials. tive, which is usually the case, it can be materials together. “If you want to encapsulate, for packaged using the Schott Primoceler Although this manufacturing tech- example, a miniature sensor inside of a process. The extremely precise laser fuses

Table 1. Select companies that manufacture ceramic and glass implantable medical products or components* Company (location) Annual revenue (millions)* Website Role in value chain

Johnson & Johnson $82,100 www.jnj.com Develops, manufactures, and supplies diverse healthcare products, including medical devices such as orthopedic products Stryker $14,900 www.stryker.com Develops, manufactures, and supplies diverse healthcare products, including medical devices such as orthopedic products Kyocera Corp. (Kyoto, Japan) $15,404 http://global.kyocera.com Develops, manufactures, and supplies advanced materials to diverse •Life & Environment Group, business $760 markets; medical application is mainly ceramic hip implants segment that includes medical and healthcare Zimmer Biomet (Warsaw, Ind.) $7,982 www.biomet.com Develops, manufactures, and supplies orthopedic products, including artificial joints and dental prostheses Schott AG (Mainz, Germany) $2,568 www.schott.com Develops and manufactures diverse glass and ceramic products, including dental materials, medical device electronic components, implant packaging The Straumann Group (Basel, Switzerland) $1,746 www.straumann.com Develops and manufactures diverse dental solutions, including implants, prostheses, technologies, and biomaterials Morgan Advanced Materials Plc $1,356 www.morganadvancedmaterials.com Develops and manufactures ceramic components for medical (Windsor, U.K.) applications, such as feedthroughs for implantable devices Wright Medical Group NV (Middlesex, U.K.) $921 www.wright.com Medical device, especially orthopedic surgical solutions and biologics CoorsTek (Golden, Colo.) $1,000‡ www.coorstek.com Develops and manufactures technical ceramics for numerous industries, including orthopedic and implantable ceramics, (including ceramic hip implants), medical device components, and pharmaceutical components. Ceramtec Gmbh (Plochingen, Germany) $727 www.ceramtec.com Develops and manufactures ceramic orthopedic components (including •Medical products $304 ceramic hip implants), dental implants, and medical engineering devices Nobel Biocare (Zürich, Switzerland) $629‡ www.nobelbiocare.com Manufactures and supplies diverse dental solutions, including implants, prostheses, technologies, and biomaterials Rauschert GmbH (Pressig, Germany) $67‡ www.rauschert.com Manufacturer of technical ceramics, including ceramic medical components DSM Biomedical (Exton, Pa.) $65‡ www.dsm.com/biomedical Develops and manufactures biomaterials including bioceramics for diverse healthcare industries Collagen Matrix Inc. (Oakland, N.J.) $15‡ www.collagenmatrix.coc Manufactures collagen and mineral-based medical products for dental and orthopedic applications, including ceramic and bioglass bone grafts Mo-Sci (Rolla, Mo.) $6‡ www.mo-sci.com Develops and manufactures high-tech glass, including bioactive glass for medical applications Lithoz GmbH (Vienna, Austria) $5‡ www.lithoz.com Develops and manufactures additive manufacturing technologies, particularly with ceramic materials, for diverse industries including medical applications CAM Bioceramics (Leiden, The Netherlands) $3.5‡ www.cambioceramics.cco Develops and manufactures calcium phosphate biomaterials and coatings for orthopedic and dental applications Berkeley Advanced Biomaterials Inc. $0.6‡ www.hydroxyapatite.com Develops and manufactures calcium-based biomaterials for medical (Berkeley, Calif.) industry, particularly bone grafts

*Conversions per Google as of October 16, 2020. All financial data obtained from company reports unless otherwise noted. ‡Private company or data not available; revenue estimated from dnb.com or google.com.

20 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Figure 2. Schott Primoceler developed an innovative, extremely precise technology that enables additive-free, room-temperature hermetic glass bonding, enabling Figure 3. NanoRetina NR600 retinal devices to be packaged entirely implant with glass encapsulation.

in glass. Credit: Schott Credit: Schott Primoceler Oy and melts only the very small interface says in a Schott press release.5 “I am very traced back to advances in ceramics and area where the glass wafers meet—an impressed by this experience. I have been glass, as well as other materials. area of just some tens of microns—while working for more than 20 years as an The consequences of miniaturization leaving all other surfaces untouched.” ophthalmologist, but this is the first time I are not limited to better performing and (Figure 2) witnessed a completely blind patient being more innovative devices, however—it also The possibilities of such technology are given back a visual perception.” affects the ultimate bottom line in mod- wide-reaching even within implantable Akin to maturation in the smart- ern heathcare: cost. device applications, but one of the first to phone industry6—where shrinking of “It starts with the surgery itself,” see clinical application is in the eye. components has enabled enhanced func- Herzberg says. “Imagine the pacemaker— For patients with reduced or lost sight tionality in smaller devices—miniaturiza- 30 years ago it was very bulky, so hos- due to retinal degradation, a company tion is an important reason why implant- pitalization time of patients was really called NanoRetina (Herzliya, Israel) able devices such as NanoRetina’s long, increasing healthcare costs. People pioneered an artificial retina device. NR600 are possible today, and it can be cannot go to work, they are on sick leave, NanoRetina’s NR600 implant, which is designed to mimic the functionality of THE SCIENCE AND ART OF GLASS OCULAR PROSTHESES the eye’s highly sensitive photoreceptor Although ocular prostheses are often called cells, is a tiny chip containing an imager, “glass” eyes, many modern such prostheses are 3D neural interface, and embedded pho- actually made of acrylic. tovoltaics to provide power. The device However, prosthetics fashioned from glass—true is completely encased in glass using glass eyes—still exist and are especially preva- Schott Primoceler technology lent in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, where (Figure 3). more than 90% of ocularists manufacture custom “Without our glass-to-glass laser bond- glass ocular prosthetics. ing technology, this would not have been These glass ocular prosthetics are individual possible because the encapsulated sensor works of glass art, handmade by an ocularist to inside is very heat sensitive. Only with specifically match a patient’s need. Ocularists Credit: glasseyes view; Flickr CC BY-SA 2.0 our technology could we encapsulate it at train for about six years, gaining practical experience in addition to their education, to be able to 1 room temperature,” Herzberg says. master their art. Enabled by glass, NanoRetina’s NR600 Glass ocular prosthetics are uniquely made of cryolite glass, a silicate glass containing the mineral implant entered a small clinical trial of 20 cryolite to provide a white hue that matches the look of a natural eye. The prosthetic is usually patients in Europe and Israel in early 2020 bowl or shell shaped. and already shows promising results. “The Ocularists custom match a prosthetic to the patient’s other eye, using colored class to embed device was activated for the first time, details such as iris color and drawn blood vessels onto the eye, rather than painting them on, thus and the result was amazing: this patient reducing the potential for reaction with the body. All details are part of the 100% glass prosthetic had been completely in the dark for five and are fired into the finished product. years, and she immediately reported seeing Firing produces a very polished uniform surface on the prosthetic to prevent irritation within the an image in the center of her visual field eye socket. And unlike the hydrophobic surface of acrylic prosthetics, which can leave a feeling when the device was activated, and could of dryness for the patient, glass’s hydrophilic surface provides a uniform tear film that keeps the show with her hands the size of the image prosthetic moist. that she saw,” professor Peter Stalmans, A video of the custom manufacturing process is available at https://doi.org/10.3791/60016. n who implanted the trial device and is one 1Kunstaugen-Institut Leipold, http://www.augenprothesen-essen.de/en/wiki/augenprothese-aus-glas. of Europe’s leading retinal specialists, Accessed Oct. 29, 2020.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 21 Better bodies with biomaterials and this is very costly for insurance com- market, ceramics’ successful infiltration hindered by the 2001 recall of millions panies. Today pacemakers are getting into joint replacements is most notable of Prozyr brand zirconia ball heads, smaller and smaller because technology for hip replacements. prompted by high fracture rates in patient is getting better and better.” Smaller “Though implantable ceramics have implants. Subsequent failure investiga- devices allow more minimally invasive been in the market for decades, the tion of the manufacturer, Saint Gobain procedures, translating to faster recovery adoption of these materials has really hap- Ceramiques Desmarquest, determined times and shorter hospital stays, which pened in the last 15 years,” says Lucian that a switch in the type of furnace used ultimately help reduce care-related costs. Strong, vice president of CoorsTek to manufacture the implants caused an Technologies and advances that Bioceramics (Grand Junction, Colo.), unanticipated change in temperature continue to allow implantable devices which manufactures ceramic femoral kinetics, resulting in insufficiently densi- to assume smaller forms with enhanced heads and acetabular liners for total hip fied zirconia.11 Although the problem was performance, as well as parallel medical arthroplasty, among other bioimplantable traced back to a manufacturing error, the developments that permit minimally ceramic components. “The adoption is recall significantly marred zirconia’s repu- invasive procedures and improved surgi- coming from the transition away from tation in the market. cal outcomes, are critical components of metals to ceramics due to the superior Many modern ceramic hip joint future healthcare strategies to sustainably wear properties of ceramics, as well as implants now combine the best of and effectively promote the health of patients’ demands for longer and more both worlds with composites that offer growing, aging populations. active lifestyles after joint replacement.” improved properties of strength, tough- Wear of polymer and metal joint ness, and scratch resistance, for example, JOINT IMPLANTS: CERAMICS EXTEND implants can generate debris particles that ones based on zirconia toughened alu- IMPLANT LIFE cause inflammation around the joint, mina (Figure 4). Our joints, the connections between loosening the implant and potentially Beyond material-based considerations, the skeleton’s more than 200 bones, leading to its failure. Potential allergic additional factors also are coalescing to provide our bodies with an incredible reactions to metals as well as toxicity from create a favorable landscape for ceramics capacity for movement. release of metal ions from an implant implants. “Medical care has seen many This ability is perhaps most appreci- into the body are also considerations. transitions over time, but the latest big ated in the face of reduced or lost mobil- These considerations are creat- trend is the move to outpatient care due ity in the joints, often due to stiffening ing a favorable landscape for ceramic to rising costs,” Strong says. caused by conditions such as arthritis. implants, and that shift is evident in Similar to how miniaturization of com- Osteoarthritis, the most common form data from the 2019 annual report of the ponents allowed pacemakers to shrink in of arthritis, represents the single most American Joint Replacement Registry, a size, resulting in shorter hospital stays and common cause of disability in aging bod- database of more than 1.5 million knee lower care-related costs, parallel evolu- ies, affecting an estimated 10%–15% of and hip arthroplasty procedures per- adults over 60 years old.7 formed in the U.S. during 2012–2018. As such, it is no surprise that the Registry data show that for total hip global market for joint replacement, arthroplasty, the number of implants implants, and regenerative product with ceramic heads is increasing and first devices is expected to grow—reaching a surpassed those with cobalt chromium value of $33.6 billion by 2023, growing heads in 2015.9 at a CAGR of 4.8% during 2018–2023.8 This data, however, presents only a Knee replacements constituted the limited picture, as the registry captures largest share of the $26.5 billion joint an estimated 25%–30% of the volume of replacement market (by value, not annual procedures in the U.S. Other esti- number) in 2018, accounting for 33% mates indicate that adoption of ceramic of the market, or $8.8 billion. Hip hip implants is already much higher in replacements were the next largest share, some parts of the world—more than 50% accounting for 28% of the market or of hip implants performed in European $7.4 billion, followed by spinal implants countries like Austria, France, Germany, (20%; $5.2 billion) and then extremities Italy, and Switzerland use a ceramic ball reconstruction, which comprises implant head, while 72% of total hip replace- Credit: CoorsTek Bioceramics devices for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, ments in Asian countries such as South Figure 4. Femoral head and acetabular digits, and ankle joints. Korea have an alumina ball head.10 liner cup for total hip arthroplasty, manu- At all of these locations, ceramic A large proportion of total hip replace- factured by CoorsTek Bioceramics. The implant is made of CeraSurf-p, an alumina implants compete with those made of ment ceramic implants are historically zirconia matrix composite that incorpo- alumina, although zirconia is used as polymers, metals, and combinations rates advanced toughening mechanisms thereof. Due to length of time in the well. Acceptance of zirconia was severely to improve the material’s performance.

22 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 tions also occurred for joint replacements. “Generally speaking, technical ceramics are a component of a larger medical implant. Modern ceramics are engineered to be so strong that they are allowing for design changes to the entire device,” Strong explains. “They have been optimized to the point where they are impact- Credit: Coorstek Bioceramics Figure 5. Due to excellent their wear rates, ing the surgical procedures, which are ceramics can also be found in cervical disc Credit: SINTX now quicker and more efficient. In total Figure 6. Silicon nitride spinal devices bearing surfaces for spinal total disc replace- manufactured by SINTX. hip arthroplasty, ceramics are a critical ments. This one, by CoorsTek Bioceramics, is part of the overall device, which has been made of alumina zirconia matrix. market. Silicon nitride spinal fusion designed around the next generation in devices manufactured by SINTX (Salt surgery. With the current trend toward polymers such as polyetheretherketone Lake City, Utah)—the only FDA-registered robotics, these designs allow for faster (PEEK) provide good value—these mate- and ISO-certified silicon nitride medical and more accurate outpatient surgical rials do not offer perfect solutions in the device manufacturer in the world—and procedures that previously would require spine, where integration with existing sold through CTL Amedica are work- significant time in hospital recovery.” tissue is particularly desirable for preserv- ing their way into this market (Figure 6). These advancements not only ing functionality of the spine and main- Silicon nitride is not only bioactive, improve patient outcomes but also help taining longevity of the device. antiviral, and antibacterial but also pro- reduce healthcare costs, factors that are “Overall, the need of the hour is to motes bone growth, providing an effective intimately intertwined. develop materials that demonstrate both orthopedic solution. biomechanical applicability and biocom- Although the material currently consti- SPINAL IMPLANTS: SECURING WITH patibility while being user friendly in a tutes a small portion of the overall market GLASS OR SILICON NITRIDE surgical environment,” according to a for spinal fusion devices, data indicates Because the spine provides a critical bal- 2017 article on trends in spinal surgery silicon nitride has significant potential, ance of flexibility and stability to the body, materials.13 So it is not surprising that as the company reports there were fewer any modifications to the spine ideally also this field is also starting to realize the than 30 FDA-reported adverse events must balance those same properties. potential of ceramics and glass. despite more than 35,000 human spine Spinal implant devices stabilize and For instance, Mo-Sci (Rolla, Mo.) is implantations over 10 years.10 strengthen the spine in various ways, developing multicomponent bioresorb- SINTX anticipates many additional often by securing vertebral elements and able spinal bone grafts from bioactive orthopedic applications for silicon inserting implants to shore up the inter- glass—containing one bioactive glass nitride, such as dental and craniofacial vertebral space (Figure 5). But that need formulation that dissolves more quickly applications as well as joint replacements. for flexibility and stability makes spinal and contains compounds to stimulate “There’s a lot of concerns that metals cor- devices challenging to design. vasculature growth (e.g., copper and zinc rode in the body. As you’re putting hips For instance, the articulation surface elements) in early stages of healing, and into younger and younger patients who for a total disc arthroplasty must not another bioactive glass formulation that are going to live longer, you’re not look- only be functional, it must be designed forms a porous silicate glass scaffold that ing at 20-year outcomes. You’re interested to account for an estimated device life dissolves more slowly to provide support in 30- and 40-year outcomes, and there of more than 40 years. Considering the while natural bone formation gradually ceramics have a very special role,” says estimated number and amplitude of load replaces the graft. Sonny Bal, president and CEO of SINTX. cycles a lumbar disc undergoes annu- “This bone graft has shown really nice For craniofacial applications, custom- ally—based on an average adult bending improvements in spinal fusion rates, and ized repair of defects with 3D-printed an estimated 125,000 times and taking it actually isn’t even on the market yet,” patient-specific implants is a possibility 2 million steps in that year—a disc says Steve Jung, chief technology officer that SINTX has in mind, according to implant is expected to endure some of Mo-Sci. “Mixing to get this benefit Don Bray, vice president of business 85 million cycles of loading during its from this material and this benefit development at SINTX. “If someone lifetime without wearing down.12 from this material is sometimes a better has a severe accident and you need to So these devices demand incred- option than trying to find this one mate- rebuild the facial bones and structure, ibly high-performance and long-lasting rial that could do it all. Sometimes you you would want to do a CAT scan and materials. While the usual biomedical have to accept that there are just two make an exact fit. In the spine you can materials have long been used in spinal really great materials you can put togeth- use some standard sizes. But because of implant devices—metals such as stain- er and get what you want from each.” the shape of the face, you can’t—and we less steel, titanium, and cobalt-based Beyond bioactive glass, other materials think 3D printing there with our silicon alloys offer strength; high-performance also have their sights set on the spinal nitride is key,” Bray says.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 23 Better bodies with biomaterials

is interested in making the investment

(b) to further develop applications for additively manufactured bioactive glass. (a) Lithoz’s technologies can print complex geometries such as high-resolution (d) lattice structures with openings just several hundred microns wide—optimal scaffolds to promote interaction and integration with living tissues—so medical applications are one promising direction (c) (Figure 7). For instance, such bioceramic scaffolds could be used to repair bone defects due to injury or disease. While ceramic and bone are a perfect (e) match materially speaking, design of bio- (f) ceramic scaffold structures is challenging because they must provide both porosity

Credit: Lithoz and mechanical strength, properties that Figure 7. 3D-printed medical devices manufactured with Lithoz CeraFab System printers. From left to right: a) Mandibular implant (white: zirconia, blue: hydroxy- often come at a tradeoff. Fortunately, apatite), b) spinal implants (grey: silicon nitride, white: tricalcium phosphate), natural bone can provide some inspira- c) front jaw bone augmentation (blue: hydroxyapatite, white: bioactive glass), tion. Bone’s structure consists of an d) cranial implant (tricalcium phosphate), e) zirconia crowns (native and colored), outer layer of dense cortical bone filled f) dental implants and abutment (grey: silicon nitride, white: zirconia). with porous and spongy inner trabecular bone, a multimaterial strategy that uses “It’s a very critical area, so having an report, the 2019 additive manufacturing two different forms to provide two dif- antibacterial implant that would you could industry was worth some $11.867 billion. ferent components of bone’s function. make exactly for the person is where we Medical and dental applications account Lithoz is developing multimaterial think this is going to go,” Bray adds. “And for about 11% of that market, and dental 3D-printed implants that provide both we don’t think it’s that far off.” in particular represents a large growth seg- porosity to promote tissue regeneration Because of silicon nitride’s favorable ment in the latest report.14 and mechanical stability to support antibacterial and biological properties, Additive manufacturing company a bone defect. These multimaterial SINTX also is developing techniques to Lithoz GmbH (Vienna, Austria) is famil- implants incorporate a strong outer incorporate silicon nitride into devices iar with the potential of the technology layer for structural support during the and products made of other materials as for medical and dental applications. initial healing phase, composed of a well. For example, silicon nitride can be Lithoz’s lithography-based ceramic manu- ceramic material with good mechanical mixed into polymer-based products or facturing technology 3D prints complex stability such as zirconia, with a porous coated onto titanium devices to enhance structures layer-by-layer using a photo- inner scaffold of bioresorbable ceramic biocompatibility of those surfaces, pro- curable polymer–ceramic slurry. After substrate such as tricalcium phosphate mote healing, and prevent infection and printing, green parts are debinded and or hydroxyapatite. The inner material spread of viral diseases, according to Bal. sintered to remove the polymer, leaving more closely matches the inorganic “We are looking at 3D processing proce- fully dense ceramic parts. component of bone, and its porosity per- dures that we can commercialize, in which Lithoz developed both the expertise mits cell attachment and penetration of we put a very tenacious micron-level coat- and the custom printers to additively blood vessels, allowing the body to heal ing of silicon nitride that supercharges the manufacture a diverse array of ceramic and replace the bioresorbable substrate metal and makes it antibacterial,” he says. materials, everything from piezoceram- with natural tissues over time. ics to regolith, and certainly including Such multimaterial implants could 3D PRINTING: A TECHNOLOGY WITH ceramics with medical applications be used to repair many types of bone LAYERED MEDICAL POTENTIAL such as alumina, zirconia, silicon defects, such as those in the jawbone. nitride, hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium Multimaterial implants Critically, Bomze says, the material’s phosphate. Daniel Bomze, head of the resorption rate can be tuned to the area At the intersection of medical care Lithoz’s medical business unit, says the of the body being targeted. “The ideal and additive manufacturing lies tremen- company also has success printing with would be that the regrowth, the new dous promise to completely change how bioactive glass. “We have produced tissue forms at the same speed as the we approach health strategies to replace, several parts and some slurries already implant is being resorbed. So you have enhance, and restore function of the successfully with bioglass. So we know it the overall volume and stability, and the human body. works,” he says. Now, Bomze says Lithoz whole healing time is the same by tuning According to the annual Wohler’s is waiting for a commercial partner who

24 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 this artificial material and the natural material,” he says. Although the individual components of these implants were implanted into a small number of human patients, with good results so far, the multimaterial implant is currently a proof-of-concept. And although the current design is printed into two separate steps, Lithoz has bigger plans for the future. Figure 8. A multicomponent demo part made “The future will be printing it simul- of alumina (outside) and zirconia (inside, taneously, in one single step—you could Lithoz writing) printed on a CeraFab Multi print the cage and the inner part at 2M30. Both materials were printed in one run the same time and then sinter them simultaneously, and the part is sintered. together,” Bomze says. “You can probably Credit: Lithoz make even more sophisticated materials, ent raw materials (Figure 8). This ability ing ceramic-based biomaterials at room for example a sandwich structure with an affords new functional applications, temperature, with no additional post- inner part of hydroxyapatite, then a shell such as printing multiple materials in a processing sintering steps required— of zirconia, and then a tiny outer coating single layer and allowing gradual compo- affording the ability to incorporate or a third layer again of hydroxyapatite to sitional variation from one material to organic molecules such as proteins, facilitate ingrowth of the of implant. And the next.15 drugs, and antibiotics into the materials here we’re making really rapid progress.” 3D-painting themselves before printing. In that vein, Lithoz released in As noted in a May 2019 Bulletin arti- Additive manufacturing is a diverse September 2020 a new multimaterials cle,16 “3D-painting is a materials-centric technology, so Lithoz’s lithography- 3D printer called the CeraFab Multi advanced manufacturing technology that based technique is one of many differ- 2M30. The printer is similar to the permits nearly any material to be trans- ent approaches. company’s other offerings but now formed into a 3D-printable ‘3D-paint’ Another company, Dimension Inx includes two vats to provide the ability via simple, room-temperature extrusion (Chicago, Ill.), is innovating with print- to simultaneously print with two differ- without the need for support materials,

BREATHALYZERS: ANOTHER WAY TO DETECT COVID-19 In the fight against COVID-19, the main tech- includes advances on nanomaterials for detect- nique used to collect samples is a deep nasal ing specific breath gases at concentrations that swab, a procedure doctors describe as moder- can make a diagnosis. ately uncomfortable but some patients describe Gouma says her team initially tested the new as “being stabbed in the brain.” breathalyzer by using gas canisters that were Testing methods that are more comfortable and mixed to simulate the breath gas mixture as more easily administered would certainly be a result of COVID-19 infection. However, they appreciated by patients and physicians alike, have since moved to conducting human testing and researchers have explored saliva testing and have been testing at various COVID-19 test- as an alternative, with some promising results. ing sites around Columbus, Ohio. However, according to Edward Orton, Jr., Chair In mid-September, they reported initial results in Ceramic Engineering Pelagia-Iren (Perena) from the ICU-focused human testing at the Gouma at The Ohio State University, breathalyz- Ohio State Wexner Medical Center. The results ers may be an even easier and readily acces- showed the breathalyzer could detect acute sible way to administer tests. Credit: Perena Gouma and M. Stanacevic. cases of COVID-19 and can monitor the severity Breathalyzers use selective gas sensing ele- The portable, battery-operated breatha- of the disease. ments to detect certain biomarkers in breath lyzer prototype to detect COVID-19 The researchers currently are seeking FDA emer- that signal disease. Compared to swab-based developed at The Ohio State University. gency-use authorization for the breathalyzer. testing methods, breathalyzers are noninvasive, diseases a few years ago, and she has worked nonintrusive, and can deliver a result in dozens extensively the past few months to use that For more information on Gouma’s study, as of seconds. knowledge to design a breathalyzer that detects well as other breathalyzer studies taking place at Northeastern University, check out a recent Gouma has explored the use of breathalyzers COVID-19. Wired story on the topic at https://www.wired. for medical diagnostics since 2003. She started The in-development COVID-19 breathalyzer com/story/could-breathalyzers-make-covid- investigating the development of breathalyz- uses ceramic sensors to target biomarkers that testing-quicker-and-easier. n ers aimed specifically at detecting infectious give a response specific to that infection, and it

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 25 Better bodies with biomaterials Credit: Adam Jakus, Dimension Inx

Figure 9. Anatomical structures display a handful of possible struc- Credit: Adam Jakus, Dimension Inx tures that were 3D printed by Dimension Inx with Hyperelastic Bone: Figure 10. A sheet of Dimension Inx’s 3D-printed Hyperelastic (clockwise, from top left) spine, femoral head, mandible, and pelvis. Bone, which is flexible despite being 90% ceramic. powder-beds, resin-baths, cross-linking, Jakus explains. Human bones contain control aspects of the process, showing or curing.” 60%–70% dry weight of crystalline that it can demonstrate consistent results. In the 3D-painting technique, a hydroxyapatite, bound by collagen and “So a lot of our efforts throughout 2020 powder-based material is mixed with other structural and functional proteins. have been establishing new quality con- elastomer and solvents; after extrusion “But the end result is actually flexible trol systems and quality manufacturing through a nozzle, the finished printed and cuttable and shapeable, which you systems around design and synthesis product requires only rinsing and steril- wouldn’t really expect for a something of these new materials as well as the izing. The flexibility of the technique that’s mostly ceramic.” 3D-painting process itself,” he says. means that in addition to 3D printing That flexibility is because of That includes establishing consistent structures out of 3D-paints, the same Hyperelastic Bone’s unique microstruc- and detailed manufacturing processes strategy could also be used to coat prod- ture, which forms as evaporants vapor- and identifying and mitigating risks—all ucts manufactured via other techniques ize from the printed material after it is part of the company’s preparations and out of other materials. extruded through a printer nozzle. The toward seeking FDA approval for Importantly, 3D-painting can be rate of evaporation tunes precipitation Hyperelastic Bone devices. applied to almost any material, includ- of the elastomer, forming an optimized 3D printing inherently conjures ideas ing ceramics. “3D-painting is materi- structure in the printed material.17 of patient-specific printed implants. And als agnostic. It’s not dependent on “A very specific microstructure really while that is an eventual direction for what you’re making or what material allows the different components of the Dimension Inx, the company is starting you’re using,” says Adam Jakus, co- composite, the ceramic and the resorbable with a more practical pathway—and one founder and chief technology officer at polymer, to play off each other and move common for biomedical innovations—by Dimension Inx. around and then return to their original targeting mass-produced implants of As one example of the 3D-painting form without breaking,” Jakus says. Hyperelastic Bone, a collection of stan- technology, Dimension Inx’s bone- Hyperelastic Bone also is micropo- dard shapes like “strips or squares or specific 3D-paint formulation, called rous, which provides excellent osteo- blocks,” Jakus says. “We are introducing Hyperelastic Bone®, is primarily ceramic conductivity and biocompatibility. “If a new material in a new manufactur- yet still incredibly flexible, offering sig- it’s intended to regrow bone, the body ing process. So I think it’s important to nificant potential for bone implants. tissue needs to be able to access that get the regulatory agencies, the FDA, Hyperelastic Bone can be printed in material on the microstructure level and surgeons, everybody comfortable with specific structures (Figure 9) as well as transform it,” Jakus says, although the the material and the process first so they porous scaffolds and sheets that could be porosity can have a drawback. “But it’s are then willing to take that next step to cut and custom-fit in the operating room a balance if you want structural integrity patient-matched implants.” (Figure 10). and you want bioactivity. Those things That acceptance is a considerable issue “The really interesting thing about are in conflict all the time.” in the medical industry—you not only Hyperelastic Bone is that it’s 90% Since the technology is relatively have to prove that a device or technology ceramic, which is technically more well-established at this point, Jakus says works (see sidebar: Regulating the pace of ceramic than is in our actual bones,” Dimension Inx is now working on quality medical innovation), but you also have to

26 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 convince medical professionals to use it Infiltrating a site like the craniofacial Biomaterials were once designed to as well. And that can be a major barrier, space can then be a strategic initial target minimize interactions with the body especially for new medical innovations. application of a new technology to gain and to eliminate any potential adverse “The technology is the easy part,” acceptance before expanding to addi- reactions. But starting with Larry Jakus says. “And even after you identify tional sites and applications. Hench’s discovery of bioactive glass a technology that addresses an actual Another consideration that makes 50 years ago,18 a more modern perspec- need, getting surgeons to venture out the craniofacial segment attractive for tive for biomaterials no longer attempts their comfort zone is very hard.” If an innovation in additive manufacturing, to eschew cell biology. existing clinical solution is trusted and especially with bioresorbable materials, “Design of a new biomaterial should works relatively well, medical profession- is that these surgeons treat many pediat- always consider the need of the cells, als often are not keen to change a pro- ric defects. “So they’re most excited to because the cells are the engineers of our cess, especially if the solution does not use new materials, ceramic or not, that body,” says Aldo Boccaccini, professor offer additional profit or patient benefit transform over time and grow with the of biomaterials and head of the Institute or it requires the professional to master patient,” Jakus says. of Biomaterials in the Department a new technique. Introducing a new of Materials Science and Engineering product also comes with some inherent TISSUE REGENERATION: THE SOFTER at University of Erlangen-Nuremberg risk, which medical care is designed to SIDE OF BIOMATERIALS (Erlangen, Germany). minimize, for good reason. In terms of the body’s natural materi- Many biomaterials now aim to not One sector, however, where medi- als, ceramics and glass are most analo- only stand in for living tissues when they cal professionals are often more willing gous to bone and tooth enamel—so it need to be repaired or replaced, but the to take modest risks is the craniofacial is not surprising that there are so many materials play a more supportive role space—which is why medical innovations orthopedic and dental applications for in actually helping the body perform its often target this site. ceramics and glass (see sidebar: Ceramics own healing—more like an assist rather In particular, additively manufactured used in dentistry). than a complete substitution. That guid- medical technologies often focus on But modern developments in nano- ance can be used to mediate processes craniofacial applications because these technology, particularly the ability to such as wound healing and to rebuild defects are non-load bearing and highly engineer nanosurfaces, nanoparticles, damaged or missing tissues, broadly individualized. In addition, there are few and nanoscaffolds, as well as more contributing to the overall field of tissue existing off-the-shelf products to treat nuanced understanding of cell biology engineering, or regenerative medicine. craniofacial defects, so these medical pro- are together reshaping how we think In terms of the future of healthcare, fessionals are often more willing to take a about the potential of biomaterials. regenerative medicine is a big business. slight risk with innovative new solutions. The global market for tissue engineering

REGULATING THE PACE OF MEDICAL INNOVATION While there is no shortage of innovative ideas devoted to testing and documenting effective- new device—such observation trials would for medical applications, bringing such innova- ness and safety in both lab settings and in completely stifle innovation and prohibit en- tions to the market is a whole different story. animal models. trance of any new product on the market. “The medical market is slow and steady in In the U.S., where the FDA regulates the ap- Instead, to develop materials for the future, terms of innovation,” says Lucian Strong, vice proval process, bringing a medical device to we need robust short-term outcome proxies president of CoorsTek Bioceramics (Grand market takes on average 3–7 years.1 Although that can predict long-term behavior, Bal says. Junction, Colo.). “While new applications or this process unavoidably slows the pace of “That’s the Holy Grail.” processes may demand new materials, there is innovation, these pathways are critical to Bal made the analogy to how NASA uses algo- a well-defined process that is governed through maintain safety and minimize potential harm to rithms and modeling to predict the outcomes of the regulatory bodies around the globe. There human health. its missions. There are no practice runs when is no simple introduction of a new material Yet even once clinical data does provide accep- sending a rocket to Mars—NASA incorporates that will be implanted into a patient. Clinical tance for a material, the story is still not over. knowledge and modeling to maximally reduce data, proven over numerous years and multiple the margin of error. And that, he envisions, is patients, is necessary for any new material to “The increasing longevity of the human race, where biomaterials need to go. gain acceptance.” younger patients undergoing surgical inter- ventions, all points to a future in which we as “Instead of experimenting with humans, we Collecting such data takes considerable time, scientists need to understand the long-term need to be able to predict how a biomaterial will but it is a critical component of the regulatory interaction of the implant with the body,” says behave in the body just like NASA does—be- processes to ensure that biomaterials and B. Sonny Bal, president and CEO of SINTX. cause there’s no room for mistakes. You do it devices are safe and effective once implanted once, and that patient has to live with it. You into human patients. And even before the Of course, it is not feasible to wait decades can’t have failures,” he says. n clinical data, much additional time must be first while collecting long-term outcomes for every 1G. A. Van Norman, “Drugs, devices, and the FDA: Part 2: An overview of approval processes: FDA approval of medical devices,” JACC: Basic to Translational Science, 1[4] 277–87 (2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.03.009

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 27 Better bodies with biomaterials and regeneration was valued at $24.7 still being realized today. When in con- anisms, the potential exists for bioactive billion in 2018 and is predicted to reach tact with body fluids, bioactive glasses glass compositions and properties to cata- $109.9 billion by 2023, representing an dissolve and release ionic dissolution lyze a diverse array of cellular responses, impressive CAGR of 34.8%.19 While products such as biologically active ions precisely tuned to the target tissue and bone is a significant focus of this market, within the body. Cells, in turn, respond the desired effect in that tissue—whether it encompasses soft tissues as well, such as to these ionic products, some of which that is modulating an immune reaction, strategies to repair damaged cardiac and stimulate growth of new blood vessels in prompting tissue regeneration, or stimu- gastrointestinal tissues or engineer vascu- the tissue, a process called angiogenesis. lating release of growth factors to guide lar, muscle, neural, and skin tissues. Blood vessels nourish developing tissue stem cell differentiation. Likewise, there is potential for many with oxygen and nutrients and remove “Understanding genetic upregulation different types of materials in this broad waste products, so the angiogenic and activation by ionic stimuli released field. “In the field of regenerative medi- response is part of what makes bioactive from bioactive glasses offers the possibil- cine and tissue engineering, there is no glass so attractive for tissue repair.20 ity of developing patient-specific thera- one material that is going to tackle all But ionic dissolution products also do pies, a huge challenge for the aging pop- the problems,” Boccaccini says. And more than stimulate angiogenesis—these ulation,” per a 2015 Bulletin article on many of the ceramic- or glass-based strat- products alter gene expression patterns bioactive glasses.21 egies to heal tissues actually combine in nearby cells, shifting signaling path- One of the more familiar and clini- them with organic materials, in polymer ways that orchestrate every cellular func- cally approved applications of bioactive composites or hydrogels, for example. tion, such as cell migration, prolifera- glasses for soft tissues is in wound repair, Although bioactive glasses were tion, and differentiation. with products such as a cotton candy-like discovered half a century ago, their Although we are just beginning to borate bioactive glass fiber matrix to heal potential within regenerative medicine is unravel some of these biomolecular mech- advanced wounds.22

CERAMICS USED IN DENTISTRY Ceramics are ubiquitous in the $10.7 billion U.S. polyalkenoate cementb material to restore the standard tooth restoration for severely dam- dental industry,1 with applications in prosthet- tooth form. age teeth because of their greater durability ics, fillings, orthodontic appliances, cosmetic When the disease progresses into the pulp, a and more natural aesthetic. Today, all-ceramic products, process materials, preventive products, medication that induces the pulp tissue to build a crowns—such as alumina, lithium disilicate, toothpaste, and more. Below are some highlights protective barrier of reparative dentine is needed. and yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia—are of the roles that ceramics play in this industry. Calcium hydroxide-containing materials used to the most common crown type because of their be the standard material used for this purpose, but strength, ease of fabrication, and aesthetics. Dental caries: From prevention now tricalcium silicate cements, which are based Tetragonal zirconia with 3% yttria dominates this to treatment on the same materials as white Portland cement, market due to its high strength, but zirconia with Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, are the “gold standard.” (These cements are set higher yttria formula are also in use due to better is the most common bacterial disease of children with a matrix that includes calcium hydroxide.) aesthetics, despite their diminished strength. and adults worldwide.2 Formerly, tooth loss If the pulp becomes irreversibly infected, a root Whenever a temporary or permanent crown or due to bacteria attacking the tooth enamel was canal procedure is required. In this proce- bridge is placed, dental cements are needed. inevitable, but advances in dental materials and dure, the pulp is removed and is replaced by a Numerous ceramic- and glass-containing dental techniques during the last few decades have combination of rubber points shaped like a root cements are used in dentistry, but the original greatly reduced chances of this outcome. canal and sealed with another material. The cements were all based on zinc oxide. More Plaque removal and teeth cleaning at home and trans-polyisoprene rubber points are usually recently, glass-ionomer cements evolved from by hygienists is the first line of defense against filled with zinc oxide and barium sulfate. The the original silicate filling materials in the mid these bacteria. Toothpastes contain many sealing material comes in a variety of polymer 20th century and remain popular because of their ceramic powders ranging from stannous fluoride, and ceramic matrices, ranging from epoxy to zinc temporary fluoride release, which deters caries potassium nitrate, and several calcium phos- oxide–eugenol. The newest sealers are based on from forming under a crown. Resin-modified phate compounds. Bioactive glass is also present tricalcium silicate powders. Sometimes, glass glass-ionomer cements and compomers are in some toothpastes, to promote remineralization fiber-reinforced composite posts are inserted in also advantageous, by combining light-curable of the enamel. Sodium bicarbonate is often used a root canal after a root canal procedure to help polymers from composites with limited fluoride by hygienists to more thoroughly remove plaque, restore tooth function. ion release from the glass ionomers. and pumice is sometimes used as well. When a majority of the anatomy of a tooth is When bacterial attack progresses into the Tooth extractions: Replacing the lost, the anatomy is restored with a crown. Gold missing teeth enamel, a dentist will seek to remove the soft- foil and its alloys were the materials tradition- ened tissue and restore tooth anatomy. Small to ally used for crowns, but in the 1950s, porcelain Periodontal diseases and tooth fractures may medium bacterial lesions (cavities) are treated enameled crowns and bridges became the lead to tooth extraction. Dental implants, or posts with ceramic composite fillinga material or glass surgically placed into the jawbone, are increas- aUrethane polymers filled with about 40–70% by weight of ceramic powders, which may include radiopaque glasses, fumed silica, or quartz in combination. Requires bonding agents such as silane and a polymer primer to induce adhesion. bIn other words, glass-ionomer, composed of fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder reacted with a polyacrylic acid liquid, which bonds to tooth structure. Used for restoring tooth anatomy plus permanent cementation of crowns, bridges, inlays, onlays, posts, and orthodontic appliances.

28 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 “But you can also think of internal on the market. “They’re making these Randel Mercer, chief technology officer wounds, such as adhesives with hemostatic products better by the addition of bioac- at CoorsTek. “One exciting avenue ability for coating internal wounds where tive glass,” Jung says. CoorsTek has been working on is the there is a lot of bleeding,” Boccaccini says. Jung says that in veterinary medicine, use of engineered ceramic cell cultur- “Here I think yet is an open area for the there also have been some indications ing devices. Our product, Cerahive, is applications of [bioactive glass], either as a that bioactive glass can also repair used to grow human tissue cells in an fiber or mesh or in composites.” tendons and ligaments. “To me, that environment that mimics the growth As research continues to characterize kind of outcome is really what gets you environment in the human body.” These how cells respond to the unique materi- thinking about sports injury-type situa- porous ceramic substrates line the bot- als as well as the underlying biomecha- tions—if you blow a ligament, could we tom of a cell culture dish to support 3D nisms of these responses, soft tissue develop a technology to help to heal cell cultivation, allowing in vitro growth applications of bioactive glass will also that back together?” he says. of cell spheres (Figure 11). “The future continue to expand. Beyond being implanted within the potential to ‘manufacture’ specific tis- Mo-Sci’s Steve Jung says that bioactive human body to aid tissue regeneration, sues in the laboratory could be used as glass is experiencing increasing integra- ceramic and glass materials can also be a source for repairing damaged tissue in tion in medical products due to the similarly used to grow tissues outside of humans,” Mercer says. material’s recognition as a “premium the body, with the vision that these tissues material” and its ability to intimately could eventually be harvested and implant- LOOKING FORWARD—A GLIMPSE OF interact with tissues. Bioactive glasses ed into or on the body as appropriate. FUTURE HEALTHCARE are being combined with other materials “The possibilities for ceramic tech- So what does the future of medical to make new products as well as being nologies for improving the health and care look like, and how do biomaterials integrated into existing products already wellbeing of mankind are vast,” says fit into that future?

ingly used to replace single teeth and to support bound in rubber; others are used in paste form. “Dentistry often follows the innovations in other bridges and dentures. Implants used to be exclu- “Of course, most of the equipment used in den- industries or adopts materials used in other sively titanium, sometimes with a hydroxyapatite tistry would not be possible without ceramics, fields,” Primus says. (ceramic) coating. However, tetragonal zirconia from microscopes and cameras to curing lights For example, computer-aided design and is gaining popularity despite its higher cost due to air turbines handpieces; from piezoelectric computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) are to its improved biocompatibility. devices, to general electronic devices, to office examples of innovations from other industries When implants are not possible, a partial or full scheduling and case record software and com- adopted for dental applications beginning in denture may be made for a patient. Today, most puters,” says Carolyn Primus, medical device the 1980s.3 CAD/CAM dentistry is becoming a dentures are composed of pressure formed consultant and the 2020 Larry Hench awardee widespread method for making ceramic dental acrylic base with injection molded acrylic teeth. for Bioceramics. crowns in a dental office. However, in some regions of the world, porcelain Additive manufacturing is also being adopted for Future of dental ceramics teeth in an acrylic base remain popular. (Por- dentistry. Fabrication of dentures and temporary celain was the standard denture material in the Biocompatibility is a top priority for medical restorations are leading the way for additive early 20th century.) devices, and ceramics excel in biocompatibility manufacturing. Lithoz GmbH (Vienna, Austria) compared to polymers and metals. On the other is helping to lead the adoption of additive Other applications: Brackets, hand, durability is a key concern for ceramic manufacturing for dental purposes with their abrasives, equipment restoratives in dentistry, particularly composite lithography-based CeraFab 7500 Dental and Orthodontic brackets are commonly made of ceramics. Current research on zirconia, for CeraFab System Series ceramic manufacturing stainless steel, but sapphire, tetragonal zirconia, example, looks to optimize the strength and machines. Ivoclar Vivadent (Schaan, Liechten- and polycrystalline alumina (with no glass bond- appearance of zirconia by exploring variations in stein) is also exploring additive manufacturing) are also used to manufacture orthodontic the stabilizers for the tetragonal phase. Ceramic ing with their PrograPrint PR5, a digital light brackets because of their aesthetic appeal (they nanoparticles are another subject of much processing-based stereolithography printer. make the brackets less obvious). Ceramic coat- research, as nanoparticles offer a way to provide As these technical innovations allow people to ings such as rhodium oxide are also used on orth- unique biological responses. Nanoparticles are retain more teeth, the dentistry field will con- odontic wires to disguise the orthodontic device. not new in dentistry, however—silica nanopar- tinue to grow, and the opportunities for ceramic ticles have been used for decades in composites Diamonds, tungsten carbide, and alumina and and glass materials along with it. n silica abrasives are essential for dentistry to and toothpastes. remove tooth structure and to polish or adjust any Compared to other fields, manufacturing in dental restorative or denture. Some abrasives are dentistry happens at a small scale. As such,

1Dental products & materials.” Freedonia Group, January 2016. https://www.freedoniagroup.com/industry-study/dental-products-materials-3359.htm 2Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B, Murray CJ, Marcenes W, “Global burden of untreated caries: a systematic review and metaregression,” Journal of Dental Research, 94(5): 650–658 (May 2015). doi: 10.1177/0022034515573272 3Klim J and Corrales E. (2008). “Innovation in dentistry: CAD/CAM restorative procedures.” https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Innovation-in-Dentistry-%3A-CAD-%2F-CAM-Restorative-Corrales/ f80ede5fc034b50afe972b7b7e15435108c7c8d5#paper-header. Accessed on Oct. 29, 2020.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 29 Better bodies with biomaterials

turing different material types together to match the really different material types in the body.” Another systems-level approach that will certainly shape the future of healthcare is smart implants. Miniaturization of devices, enabled by advances in the materials themselves, provided the feasibility for tiny sensors that can be implanted within the body to track an array of biological parameters on-demand. Such sensors provide the ability to track those parameters continuously, rather than sporadic measures taken at a doctor’s office or hospital, and monitor for any changes that could signal a potential health problem. Such rich data provides a more comprehensive view of a patient’s health as well as the ability to respond immediately to a Figure 11. CoorsTek’s Cerahive 3D cell cultivation system. Small porous ceramic discs placed in the bottom of a cell potential disturbance in that health. culture disc allows growth of 3D cell spheres in vitro. Credit: CoorsTek According to Schott’s Jochen Herzberg, smart implants have a promi- “The medical industry is constantly innovation is technologies that address nent place in the future of medical care searching for new, better, and more cost- multiple different tissues simultaneously. not only because they provide better effective solutions, and advancements Although an isolated tissue-specific monitoring but also in terms of reducing in the medical industry are moving at a approach often guides biomaterial devel- healthcare spending, by reducing trips pace so much faster than just a few years opments, components of the human to the doctor or hospital and by inform- ago due to the introduction of advanced body operate together in systems on sev- ing more strategic medical intervention materials. With climbing healthcare eral different scales. when necessary. costs combined with the move from “If you look at everything in isolation, “A trend that is very visible right now inpatient to outpatient procedures, there there are solutions that already exist. is smart implants and remote monitor- is a pull from the market for better mate- They may not be the best solutions, but ing of patients to reduce hospitalization. rials,” says CoorsTek’s Lucian Strong. there are ways to treat individual tis- For example, in-line measurements of Ceramics and glass clearly fit into that sues,” says Dimension Inx’s Adam Jakus. vital signs like blood pressure inside of future vision not only because of the However, most injuries or conditions your body, with smart computers inside role of established products such as joint involve multiple tissues, so more com- your body communicating with your implants but also due to entirely new plex solutions are often required. doctor without being hospitalized,” forms and functionalities of the materi- “This has been a driving force for our Herzberg says. als that are just starting to be discovered, technology for a long time, and we set Glass is already used in several differ- realized, and matured. up a manufacturing technology where all ent components of such devices, includ- “I absolutely believe that ceramics the materials are complementary to each ing hermetic seals, but its optical trans- and bioactive glass have a really strong other,” Jakus says about Dimension Inx’s missivity offers compatibility in terms future, and their areas of use are going to 3D-painting platform. “So we can manu- of data transmission (see sidebar: Could diversify in a big way,” says Mo-Sci’s Steve facture a bone material with a muscle future bandages not only be smart, but also Jung. “Bioactive glass is 50 years old, but material and with a ligament material, made of glass?). we’re still finding new ways to use it all so that in the future you could make a Yet tiny implantable devices also can the time. Old materials used in new ways multitissue implant.” do more than just sense and monitor— or in combination with new techniques I Such strategies will inevitably need to they can also be designed with the capa- think is the wave of the future.” leverage properties and strengths from bility to intervene as well, for instance by Some of those new ways, combina- multiple different materials. “This could delivering a therapeutic. tions, and techniques are highlighted in be partially ceramic, partially polymer, “This is very fast moving technol- this article, but potential extends much, partially biological, even partially things ogy. The idea is to replace conventional much further as well. like graphene and graphite for electrical medical therapies with active implants One particular area ripe for future conductivity,” Jakus adds. “So manufac- so that you avoid overmedicating your whole body, for example by replacing

30 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 COULD FUTURE BANDAGES NOT These data-based monitoring strate- 8 BCC Research, “Advanced orthopedic tech- gies extend beyond implants as well, nologies, implants and regenerative products ONLY BE SMART, BUT ALSO MADE (HLC052D),” August 2018. according to a Deloitte Insights report OF GLASS? 9 23 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, on the future of health. “Medical “American Joint Replacement Registry Annual products might no longer be limited to Report 2019,” 2019. pharmaceuticals and medical devices. 10 I. V. Antoniac (Ed.), “Handbook of bioceramics They could also include software, appli- and biocomposites,” Springer, 2016. cations, wellness products, even health- 11 “The Prozyr Femoral Ball Recall,” All Things focused foods. The home bathroom of Biomaterials, September 23, 2017. http://allthings- the future, for example, might include a biomaterials.org/archives/170#more-170 smart toilet that uses always-on sensors 12 M. Marcolongo, S. Sarkar, and N. Ganesh, to test for nitrites, glucose, protein, and “Trends in materials for spine surgery,” Comprehensive Biomaterials II, 7: 175–98 (2017). pH to detect infections, disease, even DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100691-7.00269-X Credit: Schott North America; YouTube pregnancy. A smart mirror equipped 13 D. Bray, and B. McEntire “Silicon nitride—A “The materials of the future must be smarter with facial recognition might be able to ceramic surgical implant material,” American than ever,” states a video from Schott’s Op- distinguish a mole from melanoma,” the Ceramic Society Bulletin, 99(3): 32–5 (2020). portunity lab. report says. 14 T. J. McCue, “Additive manufacturing industry The company is clearly giving top marks to Ultimately, the entire landscape of grows to almost $12 billion in 2019,” Forbes, May ultrathin glass, as the video depicts a trans- how we approach, monitor, manage, and 8, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/tjmc- cue/2020/05/08/additive-manufacturing-industry- parent glass bandage being directly applied to mitigate human health is shifting. While grows-to-almost-12-billion-in-2019/#36c737545678 a cut in the skin. these changes will not come without 15 S. Geier, and I. Potestio, “3D-printing: From In this concept, thin-film sensors are inte- challenges to the market for biomateri- multi-material to functionally-graded ceramic,” grated into a small sheet of ultrathin glass, als, they also offer incredible opportu- Ceramic Applications 8: 32–4 (2020). which can be applied directly to a wound to nity—and ceramics and glass are certainly 16A. E. Jakus, “Tissue engineering and addi- not only treat the wound and help it heal but well-positioned to capitalize on such tively manufactured ceramic-based biomaterials,” also to transmit health data in real time. opportunities as well as integrate critical American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 98(4): 23–30 (2019). Although the smart bandage is a concept idea, function into the human body. n 17 it plays into current medical trends toward A. E. Jakus, A. L. Rutz, S. W. Jordan, A. connected devices and data-driven monitor- Kannan, S. M. Mitchell, C. Yun, K. D. Koube, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS S. C. Yoo, H. E. Whiteley, C.-P. Richter, R. D. ing of health, with increasing use of sensors We thank Carolyn Primus for her Galiano, W. K. Hsu, S. R. Stock, E. L. Hsu, and R. in and on the body to continuously measure review of and detailed suggestions for N. 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Miguez-Pacheco, D. Greenspan, L. L. Hench, glass encapsulation,” April 28, 2020. https:// and A. R. Boccaccini, “Bioactive glasses in soft tis- www.us.schott.com/english/news/press. chronic pain relievers with very smart sue repair,” American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 94(6): html?NID=com5769 implants that are active only where the 27–31 (2015). 6 A. Gocha, “Smart materials make smartphones: pain is created rather than influencing 22 P. Wray, “Cotton candy that heals? Borate glass How ceramics and glass contribute to the $479B nanofibers look promising,” American Ceramic the whole body,” Herzberg says. smartphone market,” American Ceramic Society Society Bulletin, 90(4): 25–9 (2011). Smart implants play into an overall Bulletin, 97(9): 11–23 (2018). 23 Deloitte Center for Health Solutions, “Deloitte health ecosystem increasingly focused 7 World Health Organization, “Chapter 6: Insights: The future of aging,” 2019. Available at: on early detection and proactive inter- Priority diseases and reasons for inclusion – https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/indus- Osteoarthritis,” In: Priority Medicines for Europe vention, before health conditions try/health-care/future-of-aging-aging-population- and the World Update Report, 2013. Available because problems and require more and-healthcare-industry.html at: https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/prior- involved treatment. ity_medicines/Ch6_12Osteo.pdf

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 31 Connect covers wide range of new and emerging ceramic ACerS director of technical content and communications Eileen De Guire (top left) moderates the first panel of Ceramics Expo Connect applications on Sept. 21, 2020. From top right clockwise, the panelists include Kyocera vice president of the fine ceramics group Mark Wolf, American Credit: Smarter Shows Elements CEO Michael Silver, and CoorsTek director of automotive strategy Steve Pawlowski. ow are manufacturers handling business during the COVID-19 pandemic? That question was at the core of many discussions during On Tuesday, manufacturers again were future focused in their discussions HCeramics Expo Connect, the virtual version of Ceramics Expo. The of additive manufacturing. However, they did caution that additive manu- industry exposition, which typically takes place in the spring, took place facturing should not be treated as a solution to all processing challenges instead from Sept. 21–25, 2020, and it welcomed more than 1,500 virtual but rather as just another forming process. event attendees and more than 150 exhibitors. With all the talk of future potential, Wednesday discussions focused on one Each day of the exposition featured panels, interviews, and roundtables area in which ceramics are already making a difference: aerospace. The first focused on different themes, including clean and electrified technology jet engines based on ceramic matrix composites were commercially deployed (Monday), additive manufacturing (Tuesday), aerospace applications in 2016, and panelists suggested more aerospace opportunities for ceramic (Wednesday), and quality and testing (Thursday). materials in the future, including in shrouds, liners, nozzles, and blades. The exposition kicked off Monday with a panel on overcoming business In contrast to the other three days, Thursday wrapped up the exposition continuity challenges caused by COVID-19. The manufacturers on the with a focus on current processes and how to ensure material quality panel say while there are still difficulties, overall some of the necessary and testing. Experts from multiple fields offered their expertise, including workarounds enacted to handle the pandemic could prove useful in the representatives from vehicle manufacturing, scientific instruments for future, such as facilitating business electronically and working from home. molecular research, and clay brick making. n

CALL FOR ABSTRACTS Deadline Feb. 3

MATERIALS CHALLENGES IN ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY 2021 (MCARE 2021) 4TH ANNUAL ENERGY HARVESTING SOCIETY MEETING (EHS 2021) Hyatt Regency Bellevue Bellevue, WA USA

osted and organied y Energy Materials and Systems Division

ceramics.org/MCARE2021

32 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 First-ever

looks at latest trends in ceramic manufacturing industry

Association. Freitag spent time describing the history and current status of research on transparent ceramic armor and ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites for gas turbines. Following Freitag’s presentation, ACerS director of meetings and marketing Andrea Ross presented Allied Mineral Products vice president of research & development Dana Goski and manager of special projects Matthew Lambert with this year’s John E. Marquis Memorial Award, in recognition of their paper “Engineering resilience with precast monolithic refractory articles.” During the three main sessions, several topics were discussed in regard to each theme, including Andrea Ross (above) presents Dana Goski and Matthew Lambert (below) with this year’s John E. Marquis Memorial Award. • Occupational Safety and Health Administration citations and ASTM Credit: ACerS test methods for powder characterization under Testing, Quality, and urrent trends, applications, and processes in the ceramic manufac- Health & Safety. turing industry were the focus of the first-ever Ceramic Manufac- Cturing Solutions Conference, which took place on Sept. 29, 2020. • Failure modes & effects analysis, additive manufacturing consider- Originally scheduled to take place alongside Ceramics Expo in the spring, ations, silicon nitride production, and specific volume diagrams under CMSC was rescheduled as a virtual event for the week after Ceramics Ceramic Processing. Expo Connect in light of the ongoing pandemic. • Electric arc fusion of mullite ceramics and the role of alumina in various Sixty-nine registrants from 13 countries, including 10 students, regis- applications under Raw Materials. tered to attend the one-day event, which was organized into three main “Working in the manufacturing environment, the CMSC event exceeded sessions: Testing, Quality, and Health & Safety; Ceramic Processing; and expectations; the speakers and the content of their talks were both excel- Raw Materials. lent. I’m excited for this event to continue,” says coorganizer Keith DeCarlo The day kicked off with a keynote presentation by Doug Freitag, technical of Blasch Precision Ceramics. n director for government affairs at the United States Advanced Ceramics TR R R R ST

NEW ACerS Online Learning Ceramic Manufacturing Technology with Carl Frahme Ph.D., FACerS

ACerSONLINE LEARNINGCenter

Starts Jan. 12, 2021 To learn more and to register, visit ceramicsorgshortcourse

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 33 REGISTER TODAY! VIRTUAL MEETING ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS (EMA 2021) JAN. 19– 22, 2021

ceramics.org/ema2021 Organized by the ACerS Electronics and Basic Science Divisions Electronic Materials and Applications 2021 (EMA 2021) is an international conference focused on electroceramic materials and their applications in electronic, electrochemical, electromechanical, magnetic, dielectric, biological and optical components, devices, and systems. Jointly programmed by the Electronics Division and Basic Science Division of The American Ceramic Society, EMA 2021 will be a virtual event on the same planned dates, Jan. 19–22, 2021.

EMA 2021 is designed for scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in basic science, engineering, and applications of electroceramic materials. Participants from across the world in academia, industry, and national laboratories exchange information and ideas on the latest developments in theory, experimental investigation, and applications of electroceramic materials.

Students are highly encouraged to participate in the meeting. Prizes will be awarded for the best oral and poster student presentations.

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE TECHNICAL PROGRAM S1 – Characterization of Structure-Property Relationships in ELECTRONICS DIVISION BASIC SCIENCE DIVISION Functional Ceramics Hui (Claire) Xiong Wolfgang Rheinheimer S2 – Advanced Electronic Materials: Processing Structures, Boise State University Technische Universität Properties, and Applications clairexiong@ Darmstadt, Germany S3 – Frontiers in Ferroic Oxides: Synthesis, Structure, Proper- ties, and Applications boisestate.edu wolfgang.rheinheimer@ gmail.com S4 – Complex Oxide Thin Films and Heterostructures: From Synthesis to Strain/Interface-engineered Emergent Xiong Rheinheimer Properties Jennifer Andrew Edwin Garcia S5 – Mesoscale Phenomena in Ferroic Nanostructures: From Patterns to Functionalities University of Florida Purdue University S6 – Emerging Semiconductor Materials and Interfaces [email protected] [email protected] S7 – Superconducting and Magnetic Materials: From Basic Science to Applications S8 – Structure-Property Relationships in Relaxor Ceramics Garcia Andrew S9 – Ion-Conducting Ceramics S10 – Point Defects and Transport in Ceramics S11 – Dislocations in Ceramics: Processing, Structure, SCHEDULE OF EVENTS Plasticity, and Functionality WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2021 S12 – Evolution of Structure and Chemistry of Grain Boundaries and Their Networks as a Function of Plenary session 1 9:45 – 11 a.m. Material Processing Concurrent technical sessions 11 a.m. – 4 p.m. S13 – 5G Materials and Applications Telecommunications Networking session 4 – 5 p.m. S14 – Agile Design of Electronic Materials: Aligned THURSDAY, JANUARY 21, 2021 Computational and Experimental Approaches and Plenary session 2 10 – 11 a.m. Materials Informatics Concurrent technical sessions 11 a.m. – 5 p.m. S15 – Functional Materials for Biological Applications Student & Young Professionals networking session 5:30 – 6:30 p.m. FRIDAY, JANUARY 22, 2021 OFFICIAL NEWS SOURCES Concurrent technical sessions 11 a.m. – 5 p.m. Failure: The greatest teacher 5 – 6 p.m.

34 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 REGISTER TODAY! TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION ON VIRTUAL 45 ADVANCED CERAMICS MEETING AND COMPOSITES FEB. 8–12, 2021 Organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division of The American Ceramic Society ceramics.org/icacc2021

Due to uncertainty surrounding the current global pandemic, meeting orga- nizers, along with the meetings team at The American Ceramic Society, have Symposia decided to move the 45th International Conference & Exposition on Advanced Ceramics & Composites meeting to a fully virtual format for 2021, running live S1: Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and sessions containing pre-recorded talks on a new date: Feb. 8–12, 2021. This Composites conference will be the first-ever Virtual ICACC organized by ACerS Engineering S2: Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and Ceramics Division, and we would like for you to be a part of it. Functional Applications

th This conference has a strong history of being the preeminent international S3: 18 International Symposium on Solid Oxide Cells (SOC): meeting on advanced structural and functional ceramics, composites, and other Materials, Science, andTechnology emerging ceramic materials and technologies, and this year is no different. S4: Armor Ceramics – Challenges and New Developments

The technical program will reflect the growth and success of ICACC by featuring S5: Next Generation Bioceramics and Biocomposites 18 symposia, five focused sessions, one special focused session, and the 10th S6: Advanced Materials and Technologies for Rechargeable Global Young Investigator Forum. These technical sessions, consisting of both oral Energy Storage and poster presentations, will provide an open forum for scientists, researchers, S7: 15th International Symposium on Functional Nanomaterials and engineers from around the world to present and exchange findings on recent and Thin Films for Sustainable Energy Harvesting, Environ- advances on various aspects related to ceramic science and technology. The mental, and Health Applications technical program reflects critical areas of interest within ceramics and advanced composites, with a particular emphasis on current trends in research, develop- S8: 15th International Symposium on Advanced Processing and ment, engineering, and application of advanced ceramics. Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials and Systems (APMT15) Hisayuki Suematsu S9: Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications Program chair, ICACC 2020 S10: Modeling and Design of Ceramics and Composites Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan S11: Advanced Materials and Innovative Processing Ideas for E-mail: [email protected] Production Root Technologies S12: On the Design of Nano-laminated Ternary Transition Metal Carbides/Nitrides (MAX Phases) and Borides (MAB Phases), Focused Sessions and Their 2D Counterparts (MXenes, MBenes) S13: Development and Applications of Advanced Ceramics and v Special Focused Session on Diversity, Entrepreneurship, and Commercialization Composites for Nuclear Fission and Fusion Energy Systems v 10th Global Young Investigator Forum S14: Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical, and Medical Applications Bio-Inspired, Green Processing, and Related Technologies of Advanced FS1: th Materials S15: 4 International Symposium on Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies FS2: Materials for Thermoelectrics FS3: Molecular-level Processing and Chemical Engineering of Functional S16: Geopolymers, Inorganic Polymers, and Sustainable Materials Materials S17: Advanced Ceramic Materials and Processing for Photonics FS4: Ceramic/Carbon Reinforced Polymers and Energy FS5: Fractography of Ceramics S18: Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 35 deciphering the discipline Antonia Ressler A regular column offering the student perspective of the next generation of ceramic and glass Guest columnist scientists, organized by the ACerS Presidents Council of Student Advisors.

Biomimetic approach—the role of ions in bone regeneration

The challenge of bone tissue engineer- CO3-substitution enhances ing (BTE) is to develop bone scaffolds bioresorption and therefore that allow good integration with the sur- osteogenic performance of rounding tissues. Systems of particular synthetic material.3 interest are scaffolds based on calcium • Selenium is an essen- phosphates (CaP), mainly hydroxyapatite tial element for the proper (HAp), due to its chemical and struc- functioning of bone tissue, tural similarity to the inorganic matrix of with strong antioxidant natural bone and its excellent bioactivity. properties. Selenium can Scientists have used growth factors in induce tumor cell apopto- combination with CaP to enhance bone sis while at the same time regeneration, but negative side effects such enhance the proliferation as ectopic or unwanted bone formation of healthy bone cells.4 As throw the safety of this approach into such, many experiments question.1 An alternative way to adjust involve selenium oxyanions 2- 2 properties of synthetic materials is a bio- (SeO3 or SeO4 ), especially mimetic approach, in which various trace in bone cancer studies. Credit: Antonia Ressler elements with a beneficial effect for bone Though these results show Figure 1. SEM micrographs of highly porous scaffold 1 formation are incorporated in CaPs. The the benefits of introducing based on biopolymer chitosan and hydroxyapatite introduction of even small quantities of trace elements in CaPs, scaf- 2+ 2+ 2+ 2- multisubstituted with Sr , Mg , Zn , Na+, CO3 , and 2- these ions may cause changes or improve- folds based on HAp still face SeO3 ions. ments in the biological, physicochemical, some disadvantages, such as calcium phosphate ceramics,” Trends in or mechanical properties of scaffolds. poor mechanical properties. To overcome Biotechnology, Vol. 31, pp. 594–605, Oct. 2010. Researchers have extensively investi- these disadvantages, HAp has been com- 2E. Boanini, M. Gazzano, A. Bigi. “Ionic sub- gated CaPs substituted with strontium, bined with polymers to obtain composite stitutions in calcium phosphates synthesized magnesium, zinc, selenium, and carbon- scaffolds for bone regeneration. at low temperature,” Acta Biomaterialia, 1,2 ate ions. Findings concerning each of The ongoing University of Zagreb Vol. 6, pp. 1882–1894, June 2010. these ions include research project “Development of 3 2+ D. L. Goloshchapov, V. M. Kashkarov, • Strontium (Sr ) stimulates bone biocompatible hydroxyapatite-based N. A. Rumyantseva, P. V. Seredin, formation by decreasing resorption activ- materials for bone tissue engineering A. S. Lenshin, B. L. Agapov, E. P. ity and differentiation of osteoclasts, applications” supported by the Croatian Domashevskaya. “Synthesis of nanocrystal- while at the same time increasing osteo- Science Foundation investigates highly line hydroxyapatite by precipitation using blast proliferation and differentiation. porous scaffolds based on biopolymer hen’s eggshell,” Ceramics International, • Magnesium (Mg2+) acts as a growth chitosan and multisubstituted HAp Vol. 39, pp. 4539–4549, May 2013. factor, especially in the early stage of (Figure 1). Initial results show multisub- 4V. Uskokovic´, M. Adiraj Iyer, V.M. Wu. bone formation, where it plays a key role stituted scaffolds have better osteogenic “One ion to rule them all: the combined in bone metabolism. It influences the properties compared to nonsubstituted antibacterial, osteoinductive and anticancer osteoblast and osteoclast activity. scaffolds, confirming the importance of properties of selenite-incorporated hydroxy- • Zinc (Zn2+) is thought to have the trace elements in BTE. apatite,” Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Vol. 5, pp. 1430–1445, Jan. 2017. same influence on osteoblast and osteo- Currently, I am one of the research- clast activity as strontium and magne- ers involved with this research project. Antonia Ressler is a recent doctoral sium. Furthermore, it has antimicrobial In the future, we plan to investigate the graduate from and now researcher in the and anti-inflammatory properties. Due efficacy of selective laser sintered bioin- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and to that, zinc-substituted CaPs could be spired scaffolds for bone tissue engineer- Technology at the University of Zagreb, used as a coating for metal implants to ing as well. Croatia. Her research focuses on biomi- reduce inflammatory response.1,2 metic scaffolds for bone tissue regenera- • B-type carbonate (CO 2-) substitu- References 3 tion. She is currently a committee mem- tion is characteristic for biological apatite 1 S. Bose, G. Fielding, S. Tarafder, A. ber of the Young Ceramists Network, and thus is a highly interesting substitu- Bandyopadhyay. “Understanding of dopand- an initiative of the European Ceramic tion in synthetic HAp. Furthermore, the induced osteogenesis and angiogenesis in Society sponsored by the JECS Trust. n

36 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 DECEMBER 2020 • VOLUME 1 • ISSUE 5

www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing

SETTING THE STANDARDS: HOW STANDARDS ENHANCE QUALITY AND PROMOTE RELIABILITY

JAPAN FINE CERAMICS ASSOCIATION AND A SHORT LIST OF STANDARDS-DEVELOPING ITS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION ORGANIZATIONS ACTIVITIES FOR FINE CERAMICS 17TH BIENNIAL WORLDWIDE CONGRESS 0N REFRACTORIES

Abstracts now due DEC. 31, 2020

Sept. 14–17, 2021 | Chicago, Ill., USA THE UNIFIED INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON REFRACTORIES 17th Biennial Worldwide Congress on Refractories

CELEBRATING THE INTERNATIONAL REFRACTORIES COMMUNITY Organized by The North American Members of the UNITECR International Executive Board Under the auspices of the UNITECR International Executive Board | Hosted by The American Ceramic Society

FOUNDING MEMBERS The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) German Refractory Association (GRA) Asociacion Latinoamericana de Fabricantes de Refractarios (ALAFAR) The Technical Association of Refractories, Japan (TARJ)

PRINCIPAL MEMBERS Chinese Ceramic Society (CCS) Indian Refractories Makers Association (IRMA) UNITECR2021.ORG Federation Europeenne des Fabricants de Produits Refractaires (PRE)

Sept. 14–17, 2021 | Chicago, Ill., USA w

www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing 1 CONTENTS 2 INDUSTRY NEWS Vol. 1, No. 5 Executive Director & Publisher Mark Mecklenborg SETTING THE STANDARDS: HOW STANDARDS Editorial & Production ENHANCE QUALITY AND PROMOTE RELIABILITY Eileen De Guire 6 Director of Technical Content and Communications by David Holthaus [email protected] David Holthaus Content Editor [email protected] A SHORT LIST OF STANDARDS–DEVELOPING Lisa McDonald ORGANIZATIONS Associate Managing Editor 9 Tess Speakman Senior Graphic Designer by David Holthaus Kerry Burgdorfer Graphic Designer Michelle Martin JAPAN FINE CERAMICS ASSOCIATION AND ITS Production Editor INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION ACTIVITIES Editorial Advisory Board 10 Carolyn Primus, Primus Consulting FOR FINE CERAMICS William Carty, Alfred University Daniel Tipsord, TevTech LLC by Hirofumi Takemura James Hemrick, Reno Refractories Inc. Keith DeCarlo, Blasch Precision Ceramics John Mastrogiacomo, Kyocera International Inc. Steve Houseman, Harrop Industries Customer Service & Circulation ADVERTISERS LIST AND ph: 866-721-3322 fx: 240-396-5637 EDITORIAL CALENDAR [email protected] 14 Advertising Sales National Sales Mona Thiel, National Sales Director [email protected] Subscribe to ph: 614-794-5834 fx: 614-794-5822

Europe JUNE/JULY 2020 • VOLUME 1 • ISSUE 3 Richard Rozelaar [email protected] ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing

Editorial & Advertising Offices SEPTEMBER 2020 • VOLUME 1 • ISSUE Make sure you keep pace The American Ceramic Society 550 Polaris Pkwy., Suite 510 with the ever-changing Westerville, OH 43082 www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing fields of ceramics and glass with a subscription Ceramic & Glass Manufacturing is published four times per year by The American Ceramic Society. The American Ceramic Society to Ceramic & Glass is not responsible for the accuracy of information in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication. Publication of Manufacturing. articles does not comprise endorsement, acceptance, or approval CORONAVIRUS AFFECTS CERAMIC MANUFACTURING SAFE PRACTICES: of the data, opinions, or conclusions of the authors on the part BUSINESSES—AND PRESENTSCASE NEW STUDY: OPPORTUNITIES DIGITALIZATION OF AN ITALIAN CERAMIC TILE FACTORY For your free subscription, of the Society or its editors. Readers should independently eval- SHARING KNOWLEDGE ACROSS THE CERAMICS SECTORS—REDUCING BATCH-TO-BATCH VARIATION 5/27/20 4:10 PM uate the accuracy of any statement in the editorial, articles, and IN ADVANCED CERAMICS USING PROCESS CONTROL go to www.ceramics.org/ advertising sections of this publications. Vol. 1, No. 5, pp 1–18. 001_018_jun-jul20_CGM.indd 1 CGMsubscribe. EARI T F: OW TRAINING AND WORFORCE DEVEOPMENT APPLICATION NOTE: BULK BAG WEIGH ARE CANGING IN TE ERA OF COVID BATCHING CONTROLS COMPENSATE FOR FLEIBILITY MATTERS: HIGH PURITY THIN TERRA COTTA INGREDIENT VARIATIONS FLEIBLE ALUMINA RIBBON CERAMIC

39 2 CERAMIC & GLASS MANUFACTURING

INDUSTRYNEWS

ENPRO AGREES TO BUY OPTICAL FILTER AND COATINGS MAKER Charlotte, N.C.-based EnPro Industries, Inc. agreed to acquire Alluxa, Inc., a privately held, Santa Rosa, Calif.-based company. Alluxa is an industrial technology firm that provides optical filters and thin-film coatings for applications in the industrial technology, life sciences, and semiconductor markets. EnPro is financing the transaction with cash and rollover equity from Alluxa executives. The purchase price is $255 million, including rollover equity. EnPro says it has a strategy to grow by acquisition in attractive markets. North Carolina-based EnPro employs about 6,000 people.

ALTONA ENERGY ACQUIRES MAJORITY STAKE IN RARE EARTH PROJECT Australia-based Altona Energy, a mining exploration company with a focus on rare earth element projects in Africa, signed an agreement with Leadway Group Ltd. to acquire a 70% interest in a greenfield project in Uganda, the Nankoma Rare Earth Project. Altona says it wants to build a portfolio of rare-earth sites in Eastern and Central Africa. When the agreement is final, Altona will be responsible for completing a feasibility study on establishing a commercial-scale, rare-earth mining and processing operation at the site. Altona will

The latest transaction follows two agreements Total signed in February also be the manager and operator of the project. to develop nearly two gigawatts of solar projects in Spain. TOTAL AGREES TO BUILD SOLAR PROJECTS IN SPAIN French energy company Total SE reached an agreement with Spanish developer Ignis to build 3.3 gigawatts of solar projects in Spain. The first projects are scheduled to start in 2022, with the rest expected to be in production by 2025. The transaction will bring Total’s portfolio of solar projects under development in Spain to more than five gigawatts by 2025, contributing to Spain’s goal of generating 70% of its electricity from renewables by 2030 and 100% by the middle of the century. The Nankoma Rare Earth Project is located in Eastern Uganda.

40 www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing 3

SIEMENS, UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO COLLABORATE ON RENEWABLE ENERGY Siemens Industry and the University of New Mexico signed an agreement to collaborate on integrating renewable energy systems and microgrids. The agreement is centered around a University-owned microgrid. The microgrid assets include facilities such as a cooling tower, thermal storage tank, battery energy storage system, fuel cell, photovolta- ic system, and a natural gas generator. The university is part of a statewide consortium that received a five-year, $20 million grant in 2018 to modernize the electrical grid. Its microgrid facilitates research into power system modernization, renewable energy systems, smart grids, and smart cities. The university’s microgrid was built partly to test new smart-grid technologies.

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41 4 CERAMIC & GLASS MANUFACTURING

MORE INDUSTRYNEWS BERLIN PACKAGING SANDVIK JOINS GE ADDITIVE ACQUIRES BETA PROGRAM NETHERLANDS-BASED GE Additive announced that Sandvik Additive Manufacturing joined its Binder Jet beta partner program. Sandvik has a broad alloy program for additive manufacturing on COMPANY the market, marketed under the Osprey brand. The GE program uses its industrialized Berlin Packaging announced the acquisition of additive technolo- Vinkova B.V., a Netherlands-based glass packag- gy with technical ing supplier with expertise in the food and bev- partners to grow its erage sectors. The transaction is Berlin’s eighth Binder Jet technol- acquisition in Europe since 2016. “Continued ogy. GE says the expansion in Europe is a central tenant of Berlin first phase involves Packaging’s overall growth strategy,” says Bill developing the beta Hayes, CEO and president of the Chicago-based system into pilot company. The company says all Vinkova employ- lines, and eventually ees and locations would be retained. Financial into a commercially details were not disclosed. available factory solution in 2021. Sandvik is a Stockholm, Sweden-based company with about 40,000 employees.

GUARDIAN GLASS COMPLETES STARTUP OF PLANT IN POLAND Berlin Packaging maintains more than 130 sales and warehouse locations, and design and Guardian Glass completed starting up its second float glass innovation centers on two continents. facility in Częstochowa, Poland, to help meet the demand for high-performance coated and fabricated glass products in East- ern Europe. The plant hosts two float lines, two coater lines, and a lamination line. Headquartered in Auburn Hills, Mich., Guardian Glass has six float glass plants in the United States and one in Mexico, as well as many fabrication facilities and warehouses. Guardian Glass companies also operate ten float glass plants across Europe and Russia.

The Częstochowa plant represents Guardian’s biggest greenfield capital investment in its history, the company says.

42 www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing 5

CERAMIC MANUFACTURING MODULE HEADED TO SPACE STATION Made In Space plans to launch a ceramic manufacturing module to the International Space Station. The technology is a commercial, in-space manufacturing device designed to provide proof-of-potential for single-piece, ceramic turbine blisk (blade and disk) manufacturing in microgravity for terrestrial use. This project marks the first ceramic facility on the ISS. Made in Space says the module will demonstrate the viability of manufacturing with preceramic resins in an additive, stereolithography environment. Made In Space is developing the technology with technical partners HRL Laboratories of Malibu, The Made In Space ceramics manufacturing module team. Calif., and Sierra Turbines of San Jose, Calif.

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43 6 CERAMIC & GLASS MANUFACTURING SETTING THE STANDARDS: HOW STANDARDS ENHANCE QUALITY AND PROMOTE RELIABILITY By David Holthaus

tandards in manufacturing are essential to ensuring quality It was a dramatic example of how standards evolve to keep up with products and to improving the accuracy and reliability of the new technology, materials, and processes. materials used to make them. S Perhaps not as dramatic, but equally important in terms of safety and They are also critical to promoting the safety of those who use the reliability, is the development and evolution of standards used to make products, and sometimes it can literally be a matter of life and death. refractories, the materials used to build structures routinely subjected to high temperatures. In 2018, after two years of work, a committee of ASTM International, one of the world’s largest standards-developing organizations, pub- The ASTM International Committee C08 on Refractories was founded in lished requirements for bullet-resistant doors on police vehicles. 1914. Over its history, the committee has defined what a refractory is, clas-

The standard called for door panels to be made from a combination of ASTM International’s headquarters in West Conshohocken, Pa. ceramic and fabric, with the ceramic Credit: ASTM International material acting as the strike face to break bullets that were made with steel cores. Such ammunition was increasingly being used in the high-powered weaponry that police were encountering on the streets, according to ASTM. Panels made with basic, armored steel often would not stop bullets with steel cores.

The new specification standardized protection levels and included language to help public safety agencies retrofit their vehicles or buy new ones with the safer ceramic-fabric panels.

44 www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing 7 sified them by type and function, and defined tests to determine their suitability for specific applications.

In the early decades of the committee’s existence, refractories were used to build the linings of fire- places, kilns, and stills, among other applications. By the end of the 20th century, refractories were used to line nuclear reactors and in the manufacturing of reentry heat shields for space shuttles.

The new uses demanded standardized tests to benchmark performance and to help evaluate and develop new materials.

Bill Headrick has been involved with creating and refining ASTM standards for more than 30 years, and he is currently working with Committee C08 as the chair of the technical subcommittee on monolithics. Standards for the production of refractories have evolved since 1914. Credit: RHI Magnesita

Headrick is head of research and development It is a deliberative process. for aluminosilicate products for the Americas at RHI Magnesita, the Every five years, ASTM standards must be reviewed and reapproved world’s largest refractories company. by the appropriate subcommittee and then by the main commit- There are more than 100 standards relating to refractories alone, and tee. Any negative comment about the proposed standard must be the manual on refractory standards is nearly an inch thick, Headrick resolved before the standard can be approved. says. Committee members are engaged in a continuous process of eval- “To pass a standard, you have to eliminate every single negative,” uating and reviewing the standards to make sure they are up to date. In Headrick says. “Once everyone is in full, 100 percent agreement, then August alone, Headrick says the committee reevaluated six standards. the standard is published. That can take a matter of months to a num- “The biggest thing is making sure we’re using the best available ber of years.” methods,” he adds. For several years now, ASTM committees and subcommittees have For example, for years, the only method for determining the chemistry of worked on the standardization of the growing and developing field of materials was wet chemistry, and the relevant standards only addressed additive manufacturing, the process of fabricating parts and compo- those methods. “Now, we have X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, nents layer by layer using computer-aided design rather than traditional mass spectroscopy, and we’ve had to rewrite our standards to take into manufacturing methods. account these better methods that give better results,” he says. Improved technology, advanced equipment and sensors, and more The committee is currently doing a lot of work to make standards suitable materials are driving the productivity and reliability of additive safer, Headrick says, and to have them align with the health and safety manufacturing production, yet the rapid change has pointed up the requirements of employers. need for standardization, says Mohsen Seifi. Some of the standards for mea- Seifi is ASTM’s director of global additive manufacturing programs, suring chemistry use materials responsible for additive manufacturing programs that support stan- that are considered hazardous dards development and other products and services at the organiza- to health, leading the com- tion. He also oversees its Additive Manufacturing Center of Excellence, mittee to look for alternative which has the mission to bridge the gap between standardization to materials that are safer and can research and development. produce similar results. By 2008, the nascent additive manufacturing industry had reached the “That’s the biggest evolution point where standards were needed. going on,” he says. “We’re going through all the standards “Without standards, it’s going to be the Wild West,” Seifi says.

Bill Headrick and making sure they’re as safe “Industry needs standards for rapid implementation of this technol- RHI Magnesita as possible.” ogy for critical applications.”

45 8 CERAMIC & GLASS MANUFACTURING

In 2011, ASTM International and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) signed an agreement paving the way to create joint additive manufacturing standards in order to increase collaboration and minimize duplication of efforts.

“If you are a user of this technology interested in fabricating parts and components, are you going to receive the same results if you produce a part at a service provider in the U.S. versus Europe versus Asia?” Seifi says. “That’s where standards play a critical role to make sure we manufacture products in a consistent, reliable, and repeatable manner.”

Another key reason for standards is to facilitate certification of additively manufactured parts from regulatory bodies such as the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA, Department of Defense, Food and Drug Administration, and many others.

“Once a standard is out, it has the potential to become part of regulatory frameworks and can get into federal codes and referred to in federal con- tracts,” Seifi says.

Standards are constantly reviewed to keep up to date with advances in technology, with One of the key trends on additive manufacturing two examples being the use of refractories in space shuttles and in the linings of nuclear standardization is understanding the challenges the reactors. Credit: (top) NASA; (bottom) Duke Energy technology brings in regard to data management and schema, Seifi says. The 3D printers and their sen- Additive manufacturing’s shortened development cycle and more sors can generate gigabytes, sometimes terabytes, of efficient process means products can be designed and produced more data. “The question is, what data to collect according to what standard quickly, but standardization is necessary to create consistency and reli- and format and why?” he says. “Is that data you collect findable, acces- ability, and to serve as a foundation for continued growth. sible, and reusable? Does it make sense to capture that data, and using “Innovation is inevitable, but without having standards in place, you what standard method? What kind of intelligence can we generate can’t really drive this technology forward in terms of full implementa- from the data to improve the process?” tion and adoption to satisfy regulation,” Seifi says. “There are major standard gaps in this space that ASTM is trying to “The reason is very clear,” he adds. “You need to make sure we’re all fill,” he adds. communicating the same language and making products in a repeat- In the cases of newer technologies such as additive manufacturing, and able and reliable fashion.” older processes such as refractory production, standards have helped ASTM’s committee on additive advance processes, improve quality, and enable those production meth- manufacturing technologies ods to be used reliably in a growing range of industries and applications. has met since 2009 and now has more than a thousand members from more than 35 countries who have developed standards that support the application and adoption of additive manufacturing for diverse materials and processes Mohsen Seifi, ASTM International across various industry sectors.

46 www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing 9

A short list of standards-developing organizations

There are many organizations in the U.S. and around the world that work to develop standards for their industries. Here are some that apply to manufacturing:

• The Association for Manufacturing Technology • The International Committee for Information Based in McLean, Va., the association promotes the interests of Technology Standards (INCITS) American manufacturing machinery and equipment, including Based in Washington, D.C., this committee is a standards the standardization of technology used to run machines. development organization composed of information technology www.amtonline.org developers. www.incits.org

• The American Nuclear Society • The International Society of Automation Based in LaGrange Park, Ill., the Society advances the devel- Based in Research Triangle Park, N.C., the Society is a technical opment of nuclear science, engineering, and technology, and society for engineers, technicians, businesspeople, educators, maintains a standards committee and board. www.ans.org and students, and it sets standards for industry professionals in automation. www.isa.org • The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Based in Atlanta, Ga., the Society focuses on building systems, Headquartered in Gaithersburg, Md., NIST is a nonregulatory energy efficiency, indoor air quality, refrigeration, and sustain- federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce that ability through research, standards writing, publishing, and develops and disseminates standards that allow technology to continuing education. www.ashrae.org work seamlessly and business to operate smoothly. www.nist.gov • American Society of Mechanical Engineers Based in New York City, N.Y., the Society enables collaboration • NSF International and skills development across engineering disciplines through Based in Ann Arbor, Mich., NSF International has developed programs in continuing education, training and professional more than 80 public health and safety standards, and tests and development, codes and standards, research, and conferences certifies products to verify they meet those standards. and publications. www.asme.org www.nsf.org

• ASTM International • SAE International Formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, Previously known as the Society of Automotive Engineers, ASTM International is an international standards organization Warrendale, Pa.-based SAE International is a standards-develop- that develops and publishes consensus technical standards for ing organization for engineering professionals in various indus- a range of materials, products, systems, and services. It is head- tries. Its principal emphasis is on global transport industries, quartered in West Conshohocken, Pa., outside of Philadelphia. such as aerospace, automotive, and commercial vehicles. www.astm.org www.sae.org

• International Code Council • UL Based in Washington, D.C., the Council is an association of Formerly known as Underwriters Laboratories, UL is a global building safety professionals and a source of model codes and safety certification company headquartered in Northbrook, standards that establish baselines for building safety. Ill. It is approved to perform product safety testing by the U.S www.iccsage.org Occupational Safety and Health Administration. www.ul.com

• The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, ISO is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. It promotes worldwide proprietary, industrial, and commercial standards. www.iso.org

47 10 CERAMIC & GLASS MANUFACTURING JAPAN FINE CERAMICS ASSOCIATION AND ITS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION ACTIVITIES

FOR FINE CERAMICS By Hirofumi Takemura

apan Fine Ceramics Association (JFCA) was established in 1986 Composites Consortium. In September, Fine Ceramics Roadmap 2050 with a mission to promote the development of the fine ceramics/ Study Group was launched, which will publish the latest Roadmap in Jadvanced ceramics industry. To take advantage of the most both Japanese and English versions in December 2021. advanced technologies of fine ceramics, overall collaboration of man- Figure 1 shows the amount of fine ceramics production in Japan, ufacturers, users, universities, and research laboratories is required, which reached $30 billion in 2018.1 together with the fusion of other materials. The benefits of standards for worldwide industries are extensive.2 The members of JFCA are 104 companies from different industries, Standards help manufacturers reduce costs, anticipate technical such as ceramics, chemicals, metals, automobiles, electronics, power requirements, and increase productive and innovative efficiency. supply, and service. Through various activities, JFCA brings together Standards make trade across international borders easier and promote and promotes cooperation among government, industry, academia, global competition, having a positive impact on economies. and overseas countries for the further expansion of the fine ceramics industry. The United States Advanced Ceramics Association (USACA), Standards provide consumers with confidence in the quality and European Ceramics Center (PEC), and Ceramics Application are coop- safety of products and services. In a global economy of rapidly emerg- erating members of JFCA. ing new technologies and markets, standards help set the rules and establish the frameworks, making it easier to innovate successfully. There are technical committees and consortiums in JFCA. Committees operate research groups such as Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Power ISO international standards help businesses of any size and sector Electronics, GaN, LED, Bioceramics, Optical Ceramics, Material Function reduce costs, increase productivity, and access new markets. Standards Predictive Simulation, Advanced Coating Alliance, and Ceramics Matrix can help to • Build customer confidence that the products are safe and reliable;

• Meet regulation requirements, at a lower cost; $30 Billion (2018) • Reduce costs across all aspects of a business; • Gain market access across the world; • Improve quality, safety, and lead time of products and services; • Lower research and development costs and improve speed to market by building on previously standardized technology or systems; and • Provide uniformity of units measurement, enabling accuracy and confidence in commercial transactions locally and globally.

THE ROLE OF JFCA

Figure 1. Fine ceramics production in Japan. JFCA conducts surveys and research to promote the international Credit: Japan Fine Ceramics Association standardization of fine ceramics. JFCA, as a drafting organization in

48 www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing 11

the field of fine ceramics, is making international standards for high-quality, safe, secure, and highly reliable fine ceramic materials.

JFCA holds the secretariat of ISO/TC206 (Fine Ceramics) and ISO/TC150/SC7 (Tissue-engineered Medical Products) Figure 2. Conventional standardization model. Credit: Japan Fine Ceramics Association under the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee. In addition, as a national committee for ISO/TC206 and ISO/ TC150 (Implants for Surgery) in Japan, we are engaged in deliberating proposals for new work items, development of projects in Japan and other countries, and maintenance and management of issued ISO standards.

ACCELERATION OF STANDARDIZATION SPEED The speed of technological development increases to popularize new technologies globally. The conventional model shown in Figure 2, “Research & Development- Standard Development-Manufacturing / Products,” cannot catch up with its speed.

It is necessary to proceed with R&D and standard development at the same time and connect it to Figure 3. Future standardization model. Credit: Japan Fine Ceramics Association global manufacturing. Note: Alternative terms for fine ceramics are advanced ceramics, engi- As shown in Figure 3, loop-shaped parallel development neered ceramics, technical ceramics, or high-performance ceramics. becomes the most effective way to establish standardization.3 The ISO/TC206 strategic business plan has the following description4: ABOUT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION World demand for fine ceramics is projected to expand to $75 billion International standards are published by international standardiza- in the year 2020. tion bodies; three organizations are the representative. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) establishes international In order for the fine ceramics industry to further grow to contribute to standards in a wide range of fields, except the fields of electricity, the 21st century as a new materials industry, the following issues have electronics, and communications. International Electrotechnical to be overcome. Commission (IEC) establishes international standards in the fields of • Further promotion of research and development in terms of electricity and electronics, and International Telecommunication Union the material itself, development of new uses and application (ITU) establishes international standards in the fields of communica- technologies. tion, broadcasting, and information technology. • Research on manufacturing processes, and cost-reduction ISO is currently divided into 333 technical committees that deliberate through corporate efforts. and manage international standardization. The international standards • Establishment of testing and evaluation methods and standard- for fine ceramic materials mainly belong to two committees: ISO/ ization of the methods to prepare a basis for research and devel- TC206 (Fine Ceramics) and ISO/TC150 (Implants for Surgery). opment, application, and utilization. ISO/TC206 standardizes various forms and functions of fine ceramics. • Promoting international cooperation in the fields of research and Japan is the secretariat of this committee and has a committee man- development, and standardization. ager. The chair is from South Korea. The ISO/TC206 scope states as Table 1 shows the composition of ISO/TC206, the number of ISO reg- follows4: Standardization in the field of fine ceramics materials and istrations, and the number under development. ISO/TC206 is divided products in all forms: powders, monoliths, coatings and composites, into more specialized working groups (WGs) from WG1 to WG12. intended for specific functional applications including mechanical, Since the committee’s inception in 1992, 136 standards have been thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and combinations issued. In recent years, about 10 new standards were published each thereof. The term “fine ceramics” is defined as “a highly engineered, year. In addition, there are 18 items under development. high performance, predominantly non-metallic, inorganic material having specific functional attributes.”

49 12 CERAMIC & GLASS MANUFACTURING

in 2022. Japan took the role as host country in the first, Standards Published WG Title under tenth, and twentieth plenary meetings. 2023 will be the Standards development thirtieth meeting, and we would like to hold the meeting WG1 Terminology/Classification 2 1 in Kyoto, Japan. WG2 Powders 16 0 ISO/TC150 is a committee related to surgical implants. It WG3 Chemical analysis 4 3 includes bioceramics such as artificial bones and dental WG4 Composites 22 2 implants, which overlap with the field of fine ceramics. WG5 Porous ceramics 4 0 Germany is the chair of TC150, and Japan holds the sec- WG6 Monolithic ceramics/Mechanical properties 20 0 retariat of TC150/SC7. WG7 Monolithic ceramics/Physical and thermal properties 10 1 5 WG8 Joining 4 0 The ISO/TC150 scope states as follows : WG9 Photocatalysis 28 3 Standardization in the field of implants for surgery and WG10 Coatings 16 2 their required instrumentation, covering terminology, WG11 Electrical and optical applications 6 3 specifications, and methods of tests for all types of WG12 Engineering applications 4 3 implants, and for the materials both basic and compos- ISO/TC206 136 18 ite used in their manufacture and application.

Table 1. ISO / TC206 structure, number of published standards and standards under development The ISO/TC150 configuration is divided into specialized fields: subcommittee (SC) from SC1 to SC7, and working Standards groups from WG1 to WG15. Since its inception in 1971, Published SC/WG Title under Standards the technical committee has issued 166 standards, and development 39 standards are under development. SC1 Materials 37 7 SC2 Cardiovascular implants and extracorporeal systems 33 11 ISO/TC150 currently consists of Participating Members from SC4 Bone and joint replacements 36 5 29 countries, and Observer Members from 17 countries. SC5 Osteosynthesis and spinal devices 26 9 RECENT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION ACTIVITIES SC6 Active implants 16 2 New work-item proposals were made from Japan to ISO/ SC7 Tissue-engineered medical products 4 0 TC206 in 2020. Two proposals were made regarding the WG1-15 14 5 thermal characteristics evaluation method for ceramic sub- ISO/TC150 166 39 strates for power modules, and one proposal was made Table 2. ISO/TC150 structure, number of published standards and standards under development regarding the evaluation method for power generation characteristics of piezoelectric materials. One new work- New work-item proposals are deliberated by experts in the relevant item proposal was approved for a ceramic substrate for a working groups depending on the technical field. After approval of new power module, and it is currently at working draft stage. business-item proposals, deliberation and approval proceed by passing The market size of power modules was 420 billion yen in 2019, and through the stages of working draft, committee draft, draft internation- it is projected to be 570 billion yen in 2025 (140% of 2019). The core al standard, and final draft international standard, to the goal of being technology for ensuring the long-term reliability of power modules is the published. It takes about three years to complete the process. high-temperature resistance of power semiconductors. More specifically, it ISO/TC206 is currently composed of Participating Members from 14 is heat that controls the change over time, and the ambient temperature countries (nine countries in Europe; five countries in Asia) and Observer and heat generated by driving the element contribute as heat sources. Members from 20 countries. Participating Members have the right to We have strategically promoted the world’s first international stan- vote and can elect experts to actively participate in the proposed project. dardization of the method for measuring the thermal properties of ISO/TC206 holds a plenary meeting once a year where member coun- ceramic substrates for power electronics, which is a key element of tries can participate. This year, it was scheduled to be held in Brussels, next-generation power semiconductors. Belgium, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the face-to-face con- In addition, JFCA is promoting a research project to develop interna- ference was canceled, and a web conference was held by Japan. tional standardization of fine ceramics as a preliminary step to propose The plenary meeting is a valuable opportunity for experts on global new work-item proposals to ISO. We are working on about six projects standardization to gather once a year, but it was a shame it was a year. Each project takes three years to research, prepare a standard- canceled. It is scheduled to be held in France in 2021 and in Belgium ization draft, and make a new proposal to ISO.

50 www.ceramics.org/ceramicandglassmanufacturing 13

The following projects are underway as ongoing research and Based on these research results, the project is expected to prototype research projects. and develop a compact ultrahigh output, power density laser and develop wavelength conversion technology, which was difficult until • Test method for GaN crystal surface defects. now. It is also designed to convert to other important wavelengths • Strength reliability test method for ceramic materials for solid and apply laser driven particle accelerators. oxide fuel cells (SOFC). • Corrosion-resistant test method for fine ceramic thin films. Japan Ceramics Expo: JFCA is the coorganizer of Japan Ceramics Expo, which is one of the world’s largest exhibitions alongside • Optical characteristic evaluation method for ceramic phosphors Ceramitec in Munich and Ceramics Expo in Cleveland, Ohio. Japan for white LEDs. Ceramics Expo is organized by the Reed Exhibitions Japan and gathers • Test method for thermal characteristics of insulating substrates all kinds of highly functional ceramics, materials, forming/processing for power electronics. equipment, burning/heating equipment, evaluation/testing/analysis • Mechanical property test method for bioceramics. equipment. It is held every year in Osaka and Tokyo. All of these projects cover advanced technological fields where the Japan Ceramics Expo is chosen by advanced materials industry players market for fine ceramic materials is expected to expand, and they are worldwide as the best gateway to the Japanese and Asian markets. developments for standardization related to property test methods For more information, please go to for fine ceramic materials. We are aiming for international standardization to ensure high-quality, safe, secure, and highly reliable fine https://www.ceramics-japan.jp/en-gb.html. ceramic materials. Osaka Expo To secure the competitiveness of the fine ceramics industry and Dates: Wednesday, June 23 to Friday, June 25, 2021 to develop the industry, it is necessary to differentiate products by Venue: INTEX Osaka, Japan improving functionality, strengthen price competitiveness by inno- Tokyo Expo vation in manufacturing processes, enhance product revolution by Dates: Wednesday, December 8 to Friday, December 10, 2021 innovation of materials, develop new markets, and lead with speed. Venue: Makuhari Messe, Japan We hope that the international standardization promoted by JFCA will contribute to the further expansion of the fine ceramics industry. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Hirofumi Takemura is director of Japan Fine Ceramics Association. OTHER JFCA ACTIVITIES CMC International Cooperation: CMC International Cooperation REFERENCES was established in 2020 for developing reliability assurance technol- 1JFCA Fine Ceramics Industrial Trend Survey (2019) ogy for ceramic matrix composites. This consortium consists of the 2ISO-Benefits of standards (https://www.iso.org/benefits-of-standards.html) CMC center at Tokyo University of Technology, Ultra High Temperature 3METI Standardization Seminar (2020) Materials Research Center, and JFCA. 4ISO/TC206-Fine ceramics (https://www.iso.org/committee/54756.html) CMC International initiated development of the international stan- 5ISO/TC150-Implants for surgery (https://www.iso.org/committee/53058.html) dard inspection method that can overcome the problems of the conventional test method for ceramic matrix composite reliability. The method of guaranteeing reliability for use by taking advantage of the “damage tolerance” is not established yet. The first step is to prepare SiC/SiC test pieces that are damaged and defective inside. Then, we will conduct an evaluation test (round robin test) using common test pieces by overseas joint research partners of the University of Birmingham and the University of California, Los Angeles.

Giant Micro-photonics Research: The Giant Micro-photonics Project was established in 2020 by RIKEN Spring-8 Center (RSC), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Mitsubishi Electric Co., Kounoshima Chemical, and JFCA to achieve dramatic sophistication of extremely high-power, solid-state lasers and terahertz generation by new transparent ceramic materials, or so called giant micro-photonics. Japan Ceramics Expo in 2018. Credit: Japan Fine Ceramics Association

51 14 CERAMIC & GLASS MANUFACTURING

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53 yttrium iron garnet glassy carbon photonics fused quartz beamsplitters piezoceramics europium phosphors additive manufacturing III-IV semiconductors ITO 1 1 2 2 H He 1.00794 4.00202 Hydrogen transparent conductive oxides sol-gel process bioimplants Helium YSZ 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 1 2 3 4 7 Li Be B C N O F Ne .941 9.01212 10.11 12.0107 14.007 1.9994 1.994032 20.1797 zeolites Lithium Beryllium raman substrates barium uoride Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen FluorinenanoNeon ribbons 11 2 12 2 13 2 14 2 15 2 16 2 17 2 18 2 1 2 3 4 7 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 22.99792 24.30 2.913 2.0 30.97372 32.0 3.43 39.94 anode Sodium Magnesium sapphire windows anti-ballistic ceramicsAluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon silicates

19 2 20 2 21 2 22 2 23 2 24 2 25 2 26 2 27 2 28 2 29 2 30 2 31 2 32 2 33 2 34 2 35 2 36 2 9 10 11 13 13 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 K 1 Ca 2 Sc 2 Ti 2 V 2 Cr 1 Mn 2 Fe 2 Co 2 Ni 2 Cu 1 Zn 2 Ga 3 Ge 4 As Se Br 7 Kr 39.093 40.07 44.9912 47.7 0.941 1.991 4.9304 .4 .93319 .934 3.4 .3 9.723 72.4 74.921 7.9 79.904 3.79 oxides Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton cermet 37 2 38 2 39 2 40 2 41 2 42 2 43 2 44 2 45 2 46 2 47 2 48 2 49 2 50 2 51 2 52 2 53 2 54 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 10 12 13 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rb 1 Sr 2 Y 2 Zr 2 Nb 1 Mo 1 Tc 2 Ru 1 Rh 1 Pd Ag 1 Cd 2 In 3 Sn 4 Sb Te I 7 Xe .47 7.2 .90 91.224 92.903 9.9 9.0 101.07 102.90 10.42 107.2 112.411 114.1 11.71 121.7 127. 12.90447 131.293 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon

TiCN 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 h-BN 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cs 1 Ba 2 La 2 Hf 2 Ta 2 W 2 Re 2 Os 2 Ir 2 Pt 1 Au 1 Hg 2 Tl 3 Pb 4 Bi Po At 7 Rn 132.904 137.327 13.9047 17.4 10.94 13.4 1.207 190.23 192.217 19.04 19.99 200.9 204.333 207.2 20.904 209 210 222 Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon

87 2 88 2 89 2 104 2 105 2 106 2 107 2 108 2 109 2 110 2 111 2 112 2 113 2 114 2 115 2 116 2 117 2 118 2 ZnS InGaAs 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 1 1 1 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 17 1 1 Nh 1 1 Mc 1 1 Ts 1 Og 1 Fr 1 Ra 2 Ac 2 Rf 2 Db 2 Sg 2 Bh 2 Hs 2 Mt 2 Ds 1 Rg 1 Cn 2 3 Fl 4 Lv 7 223 22 227 27 2 271 272 270 27 21 20 2 24 29 2 293 294 294 Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Si3N4 epitaxial crystal growth cerium oxide polishing powder rutile 58 2 59 2 60 2 61 2 62 2 63 2 64 2 65 2 66 2 67 2 68 2 69 2 70 2 71 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 21 22 23 24 2 2 27 2 29 30 31 32 32 9 9 9 Ce 2 Pr 2 Nd 2 Pm 2 Sm 2 Eu 2 Gd 2 Tb 2 Dy 2 Ho 2 Er 2 Tm 2 Yb 2 Lu 2 140.11 140.907 144.242 14 10.3 11.94 17.2 1.923 12. 14.93032 17.29 1.93421 173.04 174.9 quantum dots Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium spintronics 90 2 91 2 92 2 93 2 94 2 95 2 96 2 97 2 98 2 99 2 100 2 101 2 102 2 103 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 1 20 21 22 24 2 2 27 2 29 30 31 32 32 10 9 9 9 9 Th 2 Pa 2 U 2 Np 2 Pu 2 Am 2 Cm 2 Bk 2 Cf 2 Es 2 Fm 2 Md 2 No 2 Lr 3 SiALON 232.030 231.03 23.0291 237 244 243 247 247 21 22 27 2 29 22 YBCO Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium GDC transparent ceramics chalcogenides nanodispersions perovskites alumina substrates superconductors fuel cell materials laser crystals sputtering targets TM CVD precursors deposition slugs Now Invent. silicon carbide MBE grade materials beta-barium borate scintillation Ce:YAG solar energy The Next Generation of Material Science Catalogs lithium niobate photovoltaics Over 15,000 certi ed high purity laboratory chemicals, metals, & advanced materials and a magnesia state-of-the-art Research Center. Printable GHS-compliant Safety Data Sheets. Thousands of ber optics new products. And much more. All on a secure multi-language "Mobile Responsive” platform. thin lm MgF2 dialectric coatings ultra high purity materials borosilicate glass metamaterials

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1–4 th th 29–Dec 3 2020 MRS Fall 6 Ceramics Expo – Cleveland, 14–17 20 Biennial Worldwide Meeting & Exhibit – Ohio; https://ceramics.org/event/ Congress Unified International VIRTUAL EVENT ONLY; 6th-ceramics-expo Technical Conference on Refractories – www.mrs.org/fall2020 Hilton Chicago, Chicago, Ill.; 3–7 6th International Conference on www.ceramics.org January 2021 Competitive Materials and Technology October 2021 19–22 Processes (ic-cmtp6) – Hunguest Hotel Electronic Materials Palota, Miskolc-Lillafüred, Hungary; 12-15 and Applications (EMA2021) – International www.ic-cmtp6.eu Research Conference on VIRTUAL EVENT ONLY; NEW Structure and thermody- www.ceramics.org/ema2021 16–19 Ultra-high Temperature DATE namics of Oxides/car- Ceramics: Materials for Extreme bides/nitrides/borides at February 2021 Environment Applications V – The High Temperature (STOHT) – Arizona State University, Ariz.; https://mccor- 8–12 45th International Lodge at Snowbird, Snowbird, Utah; http://bit.ly/5thUHTC macklab.engineering.ucdavis.edu/ Conference and Expo on events/structure-and-thermodynamics- Advanced Ceramics and oxidescarbidesnitridesborides-high- 17–20 China Ceramitec 2021 – Composites (ICACC2021) – temperatures-stoht2020 VIRTUAL EVENT ONLY; Messe München, Germany; https://www.ceramitec.com/en www.ceramics.org/icacc2021 17–21 ACerS 123rd Annual Meeting 23–28 14th Pacific Rim Conference with Materials Science & Technology March 2021 2021 – Greater Columbus Convention on Ceramic and Glass Technology Center, Columbus, Ohio; 15–17 China Refractory Minerals (PACRIM 14) – Hyatt Regency www.ceramics.org Forum 2021 – InterContinental Dalian, Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia, Liaoning, China; http://imformed.com/ Canada; www.ceramics.org/PACRIM14 get-imformed/forums/china-refractory- January 2022 minerals-forum-2020 June 2021 18–21 Electronic Materials and 7–9 ACerS 2021 Structural Clay Applications 2022 (EMA 2022) – 24–25 56th Annual St. Louis Products Division & Southwest DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando at Sea Section/Refractory Ceramics Division Section Meeting in conjunction World Conference Hotel, Orlando, Fla; Symposium on Refractories – Hilton St. with the National Brick Research www.ceramics.org Louis Airport Hotel, St. Louis, Mo. Center Meeting – Omni Austin Hotel www.ceramics.org Downtown, Austin, Texas; 23–28 46th International Conference www.ceramics.org and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and nd 24–29 2 Global Forum on Smart 28–30 MagForum 2021: Magnesium Composites (ICACC2022) – Hilton Additive Manufacturing, Design and Minerals and Markets Conference – Daytona Beach Oceanfront Resort, Evaluation (SmartMADE) – Osaka Grand Hotel Huis ter Duin, Noordwijk, Daytona Beach, Fla.; www.ceramics.org University, Nakanoshima Center, Japan; Amsterdam; http://imformed.com/get- http://www.jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp/~conf/ imformed/forums/magforum-2020 Smart-MADE2021 July 2021 27–31 The Int’l Conference Dates in RED denote new entry in on Sintering 2022 – Nagaragwa 18–23 Materials Challenges in this issue. Convention Center, Gifu, Japan; Alternative & Renewable Energy Entries in BLUE denote ACerS https://www.sintering2021.org 2020 (MCARE 2020) combined with the 4th Annual Energy Harvesting events. April 2021 Society Meeting (EHS 2020) – denotes meetings that ACerS 25–30 RESCHEDULED-Hyatt Regency cosponsors, endorses, or other- International Congress Bellevue Bellevue, Wash.; wise cooperates in organizing. on Ceramics (ICC8) – Bexco, Busan, www.ceramics.org Korea; www.iccs.org denotes virtual meeting

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 55 PROOF of your advertisement for insertion in the FEBRUARY issue

If any changes or corrections are needed, please call or fax within 48 hours Debbie Plummer—Advertising Assistant Phone (614) 794-5866 • Fax (614) 891-8960 Call for contributing editors for ACerS-NIST Phase Equilibria classified advertising Diagrams Program Professors, researchers, retirees, post-docs, and Career Opportunities graduate students ...

QUALITY EXECUTIVE SEARCH, INC. Need to know what is The general editors Recruiting and Search Consultants of the reference series Specializing in going on in Ceramic and Ceramics, Refractories and Metals Phase Equilibria Diagrams JOE DRAPCHO Glass Manufacturing? are in need of individuals (440) 899-5070 • Cell (440) 773-5937 from the ceramics commu- www.qualityexec.com Check out Ceramic & Glass nity to critically evaluate E-mail: [email protected] Manufacturing! published articles containing In this issue (pages 37 to 54) phase equilibria diagrams. Look for more business to business Additional contributing editors are needed to edit new phase Get Results! news in 2020: diagrams and write short commen- – April taries to accompany each phase Advertise in the Bulletin – June/July diagram being added to the reference – September series. Especially needed are persons knowledgeable in foreign languages – December Contact Mona Thiel including German, French, Russian, Ph: 614-794-5834 Need more information on how to reach Azerbaijani, Chinese, and Japanese. this audience? Call Mona Thiel RECOGNITION: E-mail: [email protected] at 614-794-5834 or email [email protected] The Contributing Editor’s name will be given at the end of each PED Figure that is published. QUALIFICATIONS: General understanding of the Gibbs phase rule and experimental procedures Statement of Ownership for determination of phase equilibria dia- Ownership, Management and Circulation Statement per 39 U.S. Code 3685 for American Ceramic grams and/or knowledge of theoretical Society Bulletin as filed Sept. 29, 2020, with the U.S. Postal Service. methods to calculate phase diagrams. American Ceramic Society Bulletin is published nine times per year (monthly except February, July and November) by The American Ceramic Society, 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, Ohio COMPENSATION for papers 43082. Publisher is Mark Mecklenborg, and editor is Eileen De Guire. covering one chemical system: Avg. each issue Actual no. during previous of single issue $150 for the commentary, plus $10 for 12 months nearest filing date each diagram. A. Total number of copies (net press run) 7,523 8,078 COMPENSATION for papers covering B. Paid and/or requested circulation PROOF multiple chemical systems: 1. Paid/requested outside-county 2,972 2,850 mail subscriptions American Ceramic Society 2. Paid in-county subscriptions none none $150 for the first commentary, plus $10 3. Sales through dealers and carriers, streetApproved By: ______for each diagram. vendors, counter sales and other non-USPS 1,674 Signature Required1,478 paid distribution $50 for each additional commentary, plus 4. Other classes mailed through the USPS none none $10 for each diagram. C. Total paid and/or requested circulationJ Corrections4,646 Needed 4,328 FOR DETAILS PLEASE CONTACT: D. Free distribution by mail (samples, J Approved as is, no corrections complimentary and other free) Mrs. Kimberly Hill 1. Outside-county 2,337 3,390 2. In-county Please FAX backnone approvals with a signature.none NIST MS 8520 3. Other classes mailed through the USPSFax # 614-891-8960none none Gaithersburg, Md. 20899-8524, USA 4. Free or Nominal Rate Distribution Outside 227 152 the Mail (Carriers or other means) 301-975-6009 | [email protected] E. Total Free or Nominal Rate Distribution 2,564 3,542 F. Total distribution 7,210 7,870 G. Copies not distributed 255 194 H. Total 7,465 8,064 I. Percent paid and/or requested circulation 64.44% 54.99%

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 59 ADDITIVES

n ADDITIVES Fillers Polycarbosilane Acids Arkema Inc PA Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Arkema Inc PA Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC Starfire Systems Inc NY Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Dow Corning Corp MI Heraeus Quartz UK Ltd UK Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Refractory Additives Hexion Inc OH Hexion Inc OH Almatis Inc PA Imerys Refractory Minerals GA BassTech Intl NJ Adhesives Maryland Refractories Co OH Borregaard LignoTech WI Aremco Products Inc NY Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Cancarb Limited Canada Arkema Inc PA RE Carroll Inc PA FELDCO Intl CA Dow Corning Corp MI Sauereisen Inc PA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Empower Materials Inc DE Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Hunter Chemical LLC PA Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Hexion Inc OH Flocculants Refractory Minerals Co Inc PA Master Bond Inc NJ Hexion Inc OH Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Wesbond Corp DE Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Starfire Systems Inc NY Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Release Agents Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Fluxes BassTech Intl NJ Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Dow Corning Corp MI Binders RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Hexion Inc OH Arkema Inc PA Shamrock Technologies Inc NJ BassTech Intl NJ Foaming Agents Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Borregaard LignoTech WI Arkema Inc PA Empower Materials Inc DE Hexion Inc OH Rheological Additives Fusion Ceramics Inc OH RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Borregaard LignoTech WI Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Croda NJ Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands Polymer Innovations Inc CA Haiku Tech Inc FL Fungicides Shamrock Technologies Inc NJ Hexion Inc OH Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Nyacol Nano Technologies Inc MA Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Gelling Agents Polymer Innovations Inc CA Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Sintering Aids Refractory Minerals Co Inc PA Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC Shamrock Technologies Inc NJ Empower Materials Inc DE Tethon 3D NE Glaze Additives Nyacol Nano Technologies Inc MA Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX BassTech Intl NJ Polymer Innovations Inc CA Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Starfire Systems Inc NY Wesbond Corp DE Hexion Inc OH Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Hunter Chemical LLC PA Suspending Agents RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Borregaard LignoTech WI Colorants Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Croda NJ American Chemet Corp IL Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Arlimin Industries CO Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Cancarb Limited Canada Glaze Hardeners Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH ZYP Coatings Inc TN Fusion Ceramics Inc OH RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Hunter Chemical LLC PA Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Tape-Casting Additives Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Croda NJ Laguna Clay Co CA Lubricants Empower Materials Inc DE Mason Color Works Inc OH Arkema Inc PA Polymer Innovations Inc CA RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Boca Bearing Company FL Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Sauereisen Inc PA Borregaard LignoTech WI Wistra GmbH Germany Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Thickening Agents RE Carroll Inc PA Polymer Innovations Inc CA Conditioners Shamrock Technologies Inc NJ Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Borregaard LignoTech WI Superior Graphite Co IL See ad on pg 73 Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Werner G Smith Inc OH Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Viscosity Stabilizers Deflocculants Hexion Inc OH BassTech Intl NJ Organometallic Precursors norcross Viscosity Controls MI Borregaard LignoTech WI RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Wetting Agents Plasticizers Croda NJ Defoaming Agents Arkema Inc PA Polymer Innovations Inc CA Arkema Inc PA Borregaard LignoTech WI Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Croda NJ Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Hexion Inc OH Polymer Innovations Inc CA novomer Inc MA Zschimmer & Schwarz GA Polymer Innovations Inc CA SCG Chemicals Co Ltd Thailand Zschimmer & Schwarz GA

60 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL & TECHNICAL CERAMICS

n ADVANCED STRUCTURAL & Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY TECHNICAL CERAMICS Bullen OH Adhesives Ceramco Inc NH Aremco Products Inc NY CeramTec North America Corp SC Arkema Inc PA CeramTec-ETEC Germany CerCo LLC OH Ceranova Corp MA CoorsTek CO CerCo LLC OH Denka Corp NY China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China CoorsTek CO Hexion Inc OH McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Custom Processing Services PA See ad on pg 61 Starfire Systems Inc NY Denka Corp NY Morgan Advanced Materials CA Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Alumina Products EBL Products Inc CT Nanoe France Accuratus Corp NJ Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia AdTech Ceramics TN Federal-Mogul MI NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 FELDCO Intl CA Nyacol Nano Technologies Inc MA Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Ferro Ceramic Grinding Inc MA O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Ortech Inc CA Almatis Inc PA Ferrotec Ceramic Products China PicoParts Ltd Israel GrainBound LLC PA Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 P-Ker Engineering NY Aremco Products Inc NY H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Precision Ceramics FL Induceramic Canada Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA International Ceramic Engineering MA PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA IPS Ceramics LTD UK Progressive Technology Inc CA Ipsen Ceramics IL Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India Rauschert Industries, ( Leico Industries Inc NJ Inc. U.S.A.) 949.421.9804 Lithoz GmbH NY Technical www.AssociatedCeramics.com Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Ceramics Master Bond Inc NJ C.brayman@ Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA rauschertna.com See ad on pg 65 www.rauschert.com Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Refractron Technologies Corp NY Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 61 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL & TECHNICAL CERAMICS

RocCera LLC NY Bioceramics, Medical Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Saint-Gobain norPro OH AdTech Ceramics TN Nexceris LLC OH Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH P-Ker Engineering NY CeramTec North America Corp SC Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM CoorsTek CO Saint-Gobain norPro OH Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Cermets Lithoz GmbH NY AdTech Ceramics TN Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Advanced Materials Associates China Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA CeramTec North America Corp SC Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Mo-Sci Corp MO See ad on pg 97 CoorsTek CO Toto Ltd Japan NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Valley Design Corp MA nGimat LLC KY Viridis3D LLC MA NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan Coatings Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China novaBone Products LLC FL Advanced Materials Associates China Zircar Zirconia, Inc NY O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Aremco Products Inc NY Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Arkema Inc PA Armor, Ceramic Refractron Technologies Corp NY Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Advanced Materials Associates China Tethon 3D NE Cerion Nanomaterials NY See ad on pg 71 Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD CerPoTech AS Norway CeramTec North America Corp SC Z-Systems USA Inc Canada CoorsTek CO Ceranova Corp MA Hexion Inc OH CerCo LLC OH Boride Products Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India CoorsTek CO Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Master Bond Inc NJ GrainBound LLC PA Advanced Materials Associates China Materion Ceramics AZ H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Morgan Advanced Materials CA Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Nanofilm OH NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY New Tech Ceramics Inc IA New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Refrac Systems AZ Nexceris LLC OH O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & P-Ker Engineering NY Ortech Inc CA Refractories MA Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Treibacher Industrie AG Austria Sigma Advanced Materials NY Superior Graphite Co IL See ad on pg 73 Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Surmet Corp MA Carbide Products Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Advanced Materials Associates China Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Bearings Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Cancarb Limited Canada ZYP Coatings Inc TN Boca Bearing Company FL CoorsTek CO CoorsTek CO Custom Processing Services PA Composites, Carbon-Carbon FELDCO Intl CA Denka Corp NY Advanced Materials Associates China Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Cancarb Limited Canada H.C. Starck GmbH Germany FELDCO Intl CA Refrac Systems AZ Koyo Bearings SC Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Starfire Systems Inc NY McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA H.C. Starck GmbH Germany See ad on pg 61 Induceramic Canada Composites, Ceramic-Ceramic New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Advanced Materials Associates China Ortech Inc CA MSE Supplies AZ Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Precision Ceramics FL NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan Bullen OH Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO CerPoTech AS Norway Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Refractories Ortech Inc CA Elan Technology GA MA Precision Ceramics FL FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Toto Ltd Japan PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia Refrac Systems AZ Beryllia Products New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA AdTech Ceramics TN O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Materion Ceramics AZ PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Superior Graphite Co IL See ad on pg 73 P-Ker Engineering NY Refrac Systems AZ Toto Ltd Japan Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Bioceramics, Dental Treibacher Industrie AG Austria Starfire Systems Inc NY Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Viridis3D LLC MA Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Catalysts Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Arkema Inc PA ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Mineral Research Processing France Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Mo-Sci Corp MO See ad on pg 97 CARBO TX Composites, Ceramic-Metal novaBone Products LLC FL CerPoTech AS Norway AdTech Ceramics TN Progressive Technology Inc CA Haldor Topsoe A/S Denmark Advanced Materials Associates China Refractron Technologies Corp NY Induceramic Canada Diamorph AB UK Specialty Glass Inc FL Johnson Matthey Technology Centre UK Elan Technology GA Z-Systems USA Inc Canada MemPro Materials Corp CO Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 63 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL & TECHNICAL CERAMICS

NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia Filters Dowa High Temp Furnaces India New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Precision Ceramics FL Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY EZG Manufacturing Inc OH Inside front cover Refrac Systems AZ Induceramic Canada FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Sigma Advanced Materials NY Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Starfire Systems Inc NY Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 GE Global Research NY Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Refractron Technologies Corp NY H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Viridis3D LLC MA Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM Induceramic Canada Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Starfire Systems Inc NY Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Valley Design Corp MA Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India Composites, Ceramic-Polymer Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Advanced Materials Associates China See ad on pg 61 Bullen OH Glass-Ceramics Morgan Advanced Materials CA Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Accuratus Corp NJ Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA novaBone Products LLC FL Aremco Products Inc NY NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Precision Ceramics FL Starfire Systems Inc NY Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH Cerlase France Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Viridis3D LLC MA China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY CoorsTek CO Sonya Ceramics (Export Division) India Composites, Intermetallic Elan Technology GA Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China FELDCO Intl CA Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel Injection-Molded Ceramics Morgan Advanced Materials CA AdTech Ceramics TN Cutting Tools Ortech Inc CA Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Petro Mold Company PA Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Advanced Materials Associates China P-Ker Engineering NY Ceramco Inc NH Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Polymer Innovations Inc CA CerCo LLC OH Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Precision Ceramics FL CerPoTech AS Norway CeramTec North America Corp SC PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Diamorph AB UK CoorsTek CO Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Starfire Systems Inc NY Indo US MIM Tec India New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Technical Products Inc WI Ortech Inc CA NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Valley Design Corp MA Starfire Systems Inc NY Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China RocCera LLC NY Thermocarbon FL Heat Exchangers Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Arkema Inc PA Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Cylinders Dowa High Temp Furnaces India Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany CoorsTek CO Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Induceramic Canada Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Precision Ceramics FL Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Refrac Systems AZ Lasers, Ceramic Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Accuratus Corp NJ Refractories MA Dies Ceranova Corp MA Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Cerinnov France North Star Equipment Inc WA Honeycombs Cerlase France Petro Mold Company PA Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY CerPoTech AS Norway Ram Products Inc OH Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Refractron Technologies Corp NY Induceramic Canada China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Zircoa Inc OH Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Engine Components Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Industrial Parts Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Accuratus Corp NJ Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Advanced Ceramic Technology CA II-VI Aerospace & Defense See ad on pg 67 CeramTec North America Corp SC Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China nGimat LLC KY Federal-Mogul MI Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Precision Ceramics FL Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD GE Global Research NY Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Ceramco Inc NH Magnesium & Compounds Precision Ceramics FL CeramTec North America Corp SC Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA CeramTec-ETEC Germany Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc Japan CerCo LLC OH China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China

64 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL & TECHNICAL CERAMICS

Membranes, Ceramic Porous Ceramics Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Cerlase France See ad on pg 65 CerPoTech AS Norway Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Induceramic Canada Ceramco Inc NH norECs AS Norway P-Ker Engineering NY Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM Rauschert Industries, www.AssociatedCeramics.com Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Inc. (U.S.A.) Tethon 3D NE 949.421.9804 Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Technical See ad on pg 65 ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Ceramics Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH C.brayman@ Zircar Zirconia, Inc NY Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China rauschertna.com Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY www.rauschert.com Ceramco Inc NH Reinforcements, Fiber MemPro Materials Corp CO Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 CeramTec North America Corp SC Refractron Technologies Corp NY CeramTec-ETEC Germany CerPoTech AS Norway Reinforcements, Whiskers ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Nitride Products Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Rings Accuratus Corp NJ FELDCO Intl CA Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH AdTech Ceramics TN H.C. Starck GmbH Germany CeramTec-ETEC Germany Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Hunter Chemical LLC PA CoorsTek CO Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Imerys Fused Minerals Murg GmbH Germany China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany MSE Supplies AZ FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Nanocerox UT Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Induceramic Canada nGimat LLC KY Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Nyacol Nano Technologies Inc MA Ipsen Ceramics IL NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan Refractron Technologies Corp NY Ortech Inc CA O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM Precision Ceramics FL Precision Ceramics FL Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Refractron Technologies Corp NY Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Refractories MA Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY

Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Treibacher Industrie AG Austria Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China

Nuclear Waste Containers Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA

Optical Ceramics Ceranova Corp MA Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 FELDCO Intl CA Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA MSE Supplies AZ nGimat LLC KY PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Surmet Corp MA An Industry Leade r in Manufacturing Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Toto Ltd Japan Advanced, Technical Ceramics Oxide Products Since 1966 Accuratus Corp NJ Arlimin Industries CO 400 North Pike Road, Sarver, PA 16055 | 724.353.1585 www.AssociatedCeramics.com [email protected] Proudly Made In U.S.A.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 65 ADVANCED STRUCTURAL & TECHNICAL CERAMICS

Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Ortech Inc CA Refractories MA Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Precision Ceramics FL Saint-Gobain norPro OH Progressive Technology Inc CA Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Silicon Nitride Products Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Accuratus Corp NJ Refractron Technologies Corp NY Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Refractories MA Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Rods CoorsTek CO Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Accuratus Corp NJ FELDCO Intl CA Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Zircoa Inc OH CeramTec-ETEC Germany Induceramic Canada China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China International Ceramic Engineering MA Wear-Resistant Parts CoorsTek CO Morgan Advanced Materials CA Accuratus Corp NJ Du-Co Ceramics Company PA O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Precision Ceramics FL Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Refractories MA See ad on pg 65 Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Ortech Inc CA Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Precision Ceramics FL Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Thread Guides Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Progressive Technology Inc CA Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Ceramco Inc NH Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA CeramTec North America Corp SC Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & See ad on pg 65 CeramTec-ETEC Germany Refractories MA Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH CerCo LLC OH Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Ceramco Inc NH China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China CeramTec North America Corp SC CoorsTek CO Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Diamorph AB UK Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China International Ceramic Engineering MA EBL Products Inc CT Ortech Inc CA FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Silicide Products Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 FELDCO Intl CA Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Silicon Carbide Products Ipsen Ceramics IL Accuratus Corp NJ Transparent Ceramics Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Ceranova Corp MA McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ CoorsTek CO See ad on pg 61 Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Morgan Advanced Materials CA Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Cancarb Limited Canada nGimat LLC KY NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia CoorsTek CO Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Custom Processing Services PA PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan Diamorph AB UK Surmet Corp MA O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Ortech Inc CA FELDCO Intl CA Tubes P-Ker Engineering NY Precision Ceramics FL Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Accuratus Corp NJ PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA H.C. Starck GmbH Germany AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Progressive Technology Inc CA Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Refrac Systems AZ Aremco Products Inc NY Refractron Technologies Corp NY Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA See ad on pg 65 RocCera LLC NY Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Refractories MA Ceramco Inc NH Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY CeramTec North America Corp SC II-VI Aerospace & Defense See ad on pg 67 Starfire Systems Inc NY China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China Morgan Advanced Materials CA Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China CoorsTek CO O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Ortech Inc CA Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Precision Ceramics FL Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China EBL Products Inc CT Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Zircoa Inc OH Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Induceramic Canada Zirconia Products Refratechnik Ceramics GmbH Germany Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Accuratus Corp NJ Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA International Ceramic Engineering MA AdTech Ceramics TN Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Refractories MA Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA See ad on pg 61 Starfire Systems Inc NY Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD

66 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 ARTWARE

MSE Supplies AZ Wistra GmbH Germany Nanoe France China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Nyacol Nano Technologies Inc MA Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Zircoa Inc OH Ortech Inc CA PicoParts Ltd Israel n ARTWARE P-Ker Engineering NY Ceramic Artware Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Arlimin Industries CO PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Art On Ceramic NY Progressive Technology Inc CA Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Ceramic Arts Network OH Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Rauschert Industries, Milestone Decal Art LLC NY Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Inc. (U.S.A.) StudioLX - Home Decor IL See ad on pg 65 949.421.9804 Tethon 3D NE Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Technical Viridis3D LLC MA Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Ceramics Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China C.brayman@ rauschertna.com Glass Artware Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY www.rauschert.com Arlimin Industries CO Ceramco Inc NH RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden CeramTec North America Corp SC Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 StudioLX - Home Decor IL CeramTec-ETEC Germany Refractron Technologies Corp NY Viridis3D LLC MA CoorsTek CO Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM EBL Products Inc CT RocCera LLC NY Lighting FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Ferrotec Ceramic Products China Saint-Gobain norPro OH Viridis3D LLC MA H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Imerys Fused Minerals Murg GmbH Germany Ornamental Artware Induceramic Canada Ceramic Arts Network OH Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal StudioLX - Home Decor IL International Ceramic Engineering MA Viridis3D LLC MA Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India Pottery Lithoz GmbH NY ACCCO Inc/Burley Clay Products Co OH McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA See ad on pg 61 Arlimin Industries CO Morgan Advanced Materials CA Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Ceramic Arts Network OH

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 67 CERAMIC & METALLIC POWDERS & MATERIALS

North Star Equipment Inc WA Nanoe France Alumina, Reactive Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Prince Minerals Inc TX Almatis Inc PA Petro Mold Company PA Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 Ram Products Inc OH AluChem Inc OH Sheffield Pottery MA Alumina, Fused Brown Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC StudioLX - Home Decor IL Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 Denka Corp NY Viridis3D LLC MA APF Recycling Inc OH Hindalco Industries Limited India BassTech Intl NJ Nabaltec AG Germany n CERAMIC & METALLIC POWDERS Bosai Minerals Group Co Ltd China Nanoe France & MATERIALS Electro Abrasives Corp NY Prince Minerals Inc TX Abrasive Grains GMA Industries Inc MI Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Alumina, Single Crystal Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Denka Corp NY Electro Abrasives Corp NY Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 Nanoe France FELDCO Intl CA APF Recycling Inc OH Prince Minerals Inc TX GMA Industries Inc MI Electro Abrasives Corp NY Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Alumina, Tabular Kyanite Mining Corp VA Sauereisen Inc PA Almatis Inc PA Prince Minerals Inc TX Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 Saint-Gobain Abrasives MA AluChem Inc OH Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Alumina, High-Purity APF Recycling Inc OH Specialty Glass Inc FL Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 Denka Corp NY Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY AluChem Inc OH GrainBound LLC PA APF Recycling Inc OH Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Adsorbants & Catalysts Applied Ceramics Inc CA Nanoe France GFS Chemicals Inc OH Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Prince Minerals Inc TX Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA See ad on pg 65 Sauereisen Inc PA Saint-Gobain norPro OH Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC CARBO TX Alumina, Zirconia Toughened Alumina, Activated CoorsTek CO Applied Ceramics Inc CA AluChem Inc OH Denka Corp NY Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Applied Ceramics Inc CA International Ceramic Engineering MA See ad on pg 65 Denka Corp NY Ipsen Ceramics IL CerCo LLC OH Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Lithoz GmbH NY Denka Corp NY Nanoe France Materion Advanced Materials NY Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Prince Minerals Inc TX Nanoe France Nanocerox UT Sauereisen Inc PA PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Nanoe France Pred Materials International Inc NY PicoParts Ltd Israel Alumina, Calcined Prince Minerals Inc TX PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Almatis Inc PA Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Prince Minerals Inc TX Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 Sauereisen Inc PA Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 AluChem Inc OH Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Sauereisen Inc PA APF Recycling Inc OH Valley Design Corp MA Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Denka Corp NY See ad on pg 93 Electro Abrasives Corp NY Alumina, Hydrated Zircoa Inc OH Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Almatis Inc PA Hindalco Industries Limited India Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 Aluminum & Compounds Maryland Refractories Co OH Denka Corp NY Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Nabaltec AG Germany Fusion Ceramics Inc OH BassTech Intl NJ Nanoe France Hindalco Industries Limited India Denka Corp NY Nanoe France Hindalco Industries Limited India PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Leico Industries Inc NJ Prince Minerals Inc TX Refractory Minerals Co Inc PA RE Carroll Inc PA Valley Design Corp MA China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China Specialty Chemical Manufacturing Alumina, Other Grades Almatis Inc PA Aluminum Nitride www.pidc.com • 800.382.3845 Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 Applied Ceramics Inc CA PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Prince Minerals Inc TX See ad on pg 65 Bullen OH Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC Refractory Minerals Co Inc PA Centerline Technologies OH CoorsTek CO Sauereisen Inc PA Denka Corp NY Denka Corp NY Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Alumina, Fused Hindalco Industries Limited India Goodfellow Corp PA Imerys Refractory Minerals GA H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 Nanoe France H.C. Starck Surface Technology and APF Recycling Inc OH PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Denka Corp NY Prince Minerals Inc TX International Ceramic Engineering MA Electro Abrasives Corp NY Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Pred Materials International Inc NY GMA Industries Inc MI Wesbond Corp DE Reade Advanced Materials RI Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Surmet Corp MA Lithoz GmbH NY Toyal America Inc IL McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Valley Design Corp MA See ad on pg 61

68 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 CERAMIC & METALLIC POWDERS & MATERIALS

Aluminum Silicate Goodfellow Corp PA Sauereisen Inc PA

Antimony & Compounds Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Goodfellow Corp PA Pred Materials International Inc NY

Arsenic Oxide Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA

Barium & Compounds Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA PIDC is focused on finding better, American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 safer, and more cost-effective ways to BassTech Intl NJ manufacture our specialty materials. Bosai Minerals Group Co Ltd China CerPoTech AS Norway We offer a vast product portfolio of FELDCO Intl CA aluminas, rare earths, zeolites, and custom GFS Chemicals Inc OH Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX proprietary powders for a variety of applications, including ceramics, coatings, Barium Carbonate and abrasives. BassTech Intl NJ Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Contact us to learn more about how PIDC’s Hexion Inc OH materials can meet your company’s unique needs. Barium Titanate AVX Corp SC pidc.com/contact-us BassTech Intl NJ Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China 800.382.3845 CerPoTech AS Norway www.pidc.com Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Haiku Tech Inc FL Hexion Inc OH nGimat LLC KY

Bauxite, Sintered Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11

Beryllium & Compounds APF Recycling Inc OH Centerline Technologies OH Leico Industries Inc NJ Materion Advanced Materials NY

Bismuth & Compounds Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Technical Ceramics CerPoTech AS Norway FELDCO Intl CA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH nGimat LLC KY

Boric Acid Sauereisen Inc PA

Boron & Compounds Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Denka Corp NY German Quality Electro Abrasives Corp NY FELDCO Intl CA and Innovation since 1898 Fusion Ceramics Inc OH H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Rauschert Industries, ( New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Inc. U.S.A.) Rio Tinto Minerals Australia 949.421.9804 Boron Carbide C.brayman@ rauschertna.com Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ www.rauschert.com CoorsTek CO

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 69 CERAMIC & METALLIC POWDERS & MATERIALS

Custom Processing Services PA Goodfellow Corp PA Dielectric Powders Denka Corp NY Pred Materials International Inc NY AVX Corp SC Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Semco Carbon OH CerPoTech AS Norway Electro Abrasives Corp NY Superior Graphite Co IL See ad on pg 73 Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands FELDCO Intl CA Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Goodfellow Corp PA Cements Haiku Tech Inc FL H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Aremco Products Inc NY Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD H.C. Starck Surface Technology and ESL ElectroScience PA Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Dysprosium Oxide Reade Advanced Materials RI Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Cements, Refractory C&L Development Corp CA Boron Nitride Almatis Inc PA CerPoTech AS Norway Aremco Products Inc NY Leico Industries Inc NJ Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Diamorph AB UK Denka Corp NY PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Gorka Cement Poland Diamorph AB UK Treibacher Industrie AG Austria Kerneos Inc VA FELDCO Intl CA Mineral Research Processing France Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Electrically Conducting Powders Sauereisen Inc PA Goodfellow Corp PA BassTech Intl NJ Unifrax I LLC NY H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA CerPoTech AS Norway H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Cerium & Compounds International Ceramic Engineering MA American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 Erbium Oxide Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Arlimin Industries CO C&L Development Corp CA Precision Ceramics FL CerPoTech AS Norway CerPoTech AS Norway Reade Advanced Materials RI FELDCO Intl CA FELDCO Intl CA Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA GFS Chemicals Inc OH Leico Industries Inc NJ China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China nGimat LLC KY MSE Supplies AZ PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Cadmium & Compounds Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Treibacher Industrie AG Austria Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Treibacher Industrie AG Austria American Elements CA Outside back cover, 54 Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Europium Oxide FELDCO Intl CA Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA GFS Chemicals Inc OH Chamotte C&L Development Corp CA Hunter Chemical LLC PA Imerys Refractory Minerals GA CerPoTech AS Norway Leico Industries Inc NJ Calcium & Compounds Chrome & Compounds MSE Supplies AZ C&L Development Corp CA Arlimin Industries CO PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 CerPoTech AS Norway Treibacher Industrie AG Austria Denka Corp NY Chrome & Compounds GFS Chemicals Inc OH Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Ferrites & Ferromagnetics Prince Minerals Inc TX CerPoTech AS Norway Centerline Technologies OH Hunter Chemical LLC PA Powder Processing & Technology LLC IN Calcium Aluminates Monofrax LLC NY Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Almatis Inc PA Clay Bodies, Formulated CerPoTech AS Norway American Art Clay Co Inc IN Fibers, Ceramic Gorka Cement Poland Imerys GA MemPro Materials Corp CO Mineral Research Processing France Laguna Clay Co CA Thermal Products Co Inc GA nGimat LLC KY Sheffield Pottery MA Unifrax I LLC NY Sauereisen Inc PA Tethon 3D NE Wesbond Corp DE Unimin Corp CT Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Calcium Carbonate Arkema Inc PA Cobalt & Compounds Fibers, Glass Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Arlimin Industries CO BassTech Intl NJ Prince Minerals Inc TX Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Mo-Sci Corp MO See ad on pg 97 RE Carroll Inc PA Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Unimin Corp CT Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Calcium Silicate CerPoTech AS Norway Unifrax I LLC NY FELDCO Intl CA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Mineral Research Processing France Fluorides Goodfellow Corp PA Sauereisen Inc PA BassTech Intl NJ H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Carbon Fibers Sauereisen Inc PA Hunter Chemical LLC PA Goodfellow Corp PA nGimat LLC KY Frit Ceradyne Inc, a 3M Co KY Carbons, Carbon Black Copper & Compounds Cancarb Limited Canada Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA American Chemet Corp IL Fusion Ceramics Inc OH APF Recycling Inc OH Carbons, Diamond Laguna Clay Co CA Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Polymer Innovations Inc CA Goodfellow Corp PA Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Carbons, Graphite Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX CerPoTech AS Norway Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China APF Recycling Inc OH Goodfellow Corp PA FELDCO Intl CA Shoei Chemical Inc Japan

70 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 CERAMIC & METALLIC POWDERS & MATERIALS

Gadolinium Oxide C&L Development Corp CA Magnesium & Compounds Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA CerPoTech AS Norway Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 Fusion Ceramics Inc OH BassTech Intl NJ CerPoTech AS Norway GFS Chemicals Inc OH Bosai Minerals Group Co Ltd China PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Goodfellow Corp PA CerPoTech AS Norway H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA FELDCO Intl CA Gallium & Compounds H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany GFS Chemicals Inc OH American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Goodfellow Corp PA Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA CerPoTech AS Norway Lead & Compounds H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Goodfellow Corp PA Goodfellow Corp PA Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany MSE Supplies AZ Pred Materials International Inc NY Lithium & Compounds Prince Minerals Inc TX Germanium & Compounds BassTech Intl NJ Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China BassTech Intl NJ American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA CerPoTech AS Norway Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China CerPoTech AS Norway Fusion Ceramics Inc OH C&L Development Corp CA GFS Chemicals Inc OH Goodfellow Corp PA MSE Supplies AZ MSE Supplies AZ nGimat LLC KY Treibacher Industrie AG Austria nGimat LLC KY Prince Minerals Inc TX Pred Materials International Inc NY RE Carroll Inc PA Grain, Refractory Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Metallic Salts Christy Minerals LLC MO Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Magnesia, Fused APF Recycling Inc OH Graphite Du-Co Ceramics Company PA APF Recycling Inc OH Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Applied Ceramics Inc CA Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Aremco Products Inc NY ™ Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Magnesia-Alumina, Sintered Now Invent. Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC e CoorsTek CO v americanelements.com Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Semco Carbon OH American Elements CA Outside back cover, 54 Superior Graphite Co IL See ad on pg 73 Arlimin Industries CO TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 tungstHunter Chemical LLC PA

Indium & Compounds y materials American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 sputt CerPoTech AS Norway We getcer it. FELDCO Intl CA Goodfellow Corp PA MSE Supplies AZ Designing & manufacturingi Pred Materials International Inc NY nanomaterials in-house isn’t easy – Iron & Compounds Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China that shouldn’t stop you from using CerPoTech AS Norway GFS Chemicals Inc OH them to improve your products. Goodfellow Corp PA Kyanite Mining Corp VA Leico Industries Inc NJ Prince Minerals Inc TX

Iron Oxide Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Nutec Bickley Mexico Prince Minerals Inc TX Reade Advanced Materials RI

Lanthanides (also see Rare-Earths) Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA American Elements CA Outside back cover, 54 C&L Development Corp CA FELDCO Intl CA GFS Chemicals Inc OH We can help. MSE Supplies AZ Nanocerox UT PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Treibacher Industrie AG Austria

Lanthanum & Compounds Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA www.cerionnano.com/acers BassTech Intl NJ

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Cerion 2011694->Cerion American Ceramics Society 3.25x4.875 Ad.1.indd 1 10/1/20 11:04 AM CERAMIC & METALLIC POWDERS & MATERIALS

Metallizing Compounds Niobium & Compounds Rare-Earths Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 CerPoTech AS Norway American Elements CA Outside back cover, 54 Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK FELDCO Intl CA Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Sigma Advanced Materials NY H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA C&L Development Corp CA H.C. Starck Surface Technology and FELDCO Intl CA Microspheres, Hollow Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany GFS Chemicals Inc OH Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Leico Industries Inc NJ Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal MSE Supplies AZ Molybdenum & Compounds Organic Precursors Nanocerox UT Starfire Systems Inc NY APF Recycling Inc OH Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Pastes, Conductor C&L Development Corp CA Aremco Products Inc NY CerPoTech AS Norway Haiku Tech Inc FL Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Sauereisen Inc PA GFS Chemicals Inc OH Shoei Chemical Inc Japan Specialty Chemical Manufacturing H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA H.C. Starck Surface Technology and www.pidc.com • 800.382.3845 Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Phosphates Arkema Inc PA PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Pred Materials International Inc NY Nanomaterials BassTech Intl NJ nGimat LLC KY Spontaneous Materials CO Refractory Minerals Co Inc PA Treibacher Industrie AG Austria Sauereisen Inc PA Wistra GmbH Germany Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Piezoelectric Compositions ™ APC International Ltd PA Refractory Oxides Now Invent. Arlimin Industries CO e AVX Corp SC Christy Minerals LLC MO v americanelements.com CerPoTech AS Norway Sparkler Ceramics Pvt Ltd India Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal American Elements CA Outside back cover, 54 Pigments Leico Industries Inc NJ Arlimin Industries CO nGimat LLC KY tungst Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Resins, Molding y materials Mason Color Works Inc OH Hexion Inc OH Sauereisen Inc PA Starfire Systems Inc NY sputt Wistra GmbH Germany Samarium Oxide cer Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA +1-585-271-5630 | www.cerionnano.com/acers Plaster, Gypsum C&L Development Corp CA Cerioni Nanomaterials NY See ad on pg 71 Sheffield Pottery MA CerPoTech AS Norway CerPoTech AS Norway Nanocerox UT Cerion 2011697->AmericanInnovnano - Advanced Ceramics Materials Society SA Portugal 2.125x1 10/1/20 Product Ad.indd2:56 PM Plaster, 1 Industrial PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 MSE Supplies AZ Sheffield Pottery MA Nanocerox UT Sand, Foundry nGimat LLC KY Potassium & Compounds Kyanite Mining Corp VA Nyacol Nano Technologies Inc MA CerPoTech AS Norway U.S. Silica Co MD Polymer Innovations Inc CA GFS Chemicals Inc OH Pred Materials International Inc NY Sand, Glass TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Powdered Metals Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Neodymium Oxide Arlimin Industries CO U.S. Silica Co MD Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 Cancarb Limited Canada Sand, High-Purity Silica C&L Development Corp CA Polymer Innovations Inc CA BassTech Intl NJ CerPoTech AS Norway Pred Materials International Inc NY Maryland Refractories Co OH Leico Industries Inc NJ U.S. Silica Co MD MSE Supplies AZ Praseodymium Oxide Unimin Corp CT PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA C&L Development Corp CA Scandium & Compounds Nickel & Compounds CerPoTech AS Norway Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA American Chemet Corp IL Leico Industries Inc NJ American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 Nanocerox UT C&L Development Corp CA APF Recycling Inc OH PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 FELDCO Intl CA Arlimin Industries CO Leico Industries Inc NJ Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Precious Metals Nanocerox UT Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX CerPoTech AS Norway APF Recycling Inc OH Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA FELDCO Intl CA Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 GFS Chemicals Inc OH Leico Industries Inc NJ FELDCO Intl CA H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Shoei Chemical Inc Japan Pred Materials International Inc NY Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Hunter Chemical LLC PA Rare-Earth Titanates Shoei Chemical Inc Japan CerPoTech AS Norway Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD

72 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 CERAMIC & METALLIC POWDERS & MATERIALS

Semiconducting Powders Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Starfire Systems Inc NY Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China

Sodium & Compounds ™ Now Invent. Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ e GFS Chemicals Inc OH v americanelements.com Spheres, Ceramic American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 Saint-Gobain norPro OH Zircar Zirconia Inc NY SiAlONtungst Powder Pred Materials International Inc NY Superior Graphite Co IL See ad on pg 73 Spheres, Glass y materials Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Silica Treibacher Industrie AG Austria sputt Mo-Sci Corp MO See ad on pg 97 Arkema Inc PA Valley Design Corp MA RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden cerDenka Corp NY Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Ipsen Ceramics IL Strontium & Compounds Marylandi Refractories Co OH Silicon Nitride Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 BassTech Intl NJ Nanocerox UT Applied Ceramics Inc CA CerPoTech AS Norway Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Sauereisen Inc PA Bullen OH GFS Chemicals Inc OH Sibelco Benelux Belgium CerCo LLC OH nGimat LLC KY U.S. Silica Co MD CoorsTek CO Denka Corp NY Superabrasives Silica, Fused FELDCO Intl CA Alteo NA LLC OH See ad on pg 11 APF Recycling Inc OH Goodfellow Corp PA Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL BassTech Intl NJ H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Bosai Minerals Group Co Ltd China H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Centerline Technologies OH International Ceramic Engineering MA Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Superconducting Powders McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Ipsen Ceramics IL Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA See ad on pg 61 nGimat LLC KY Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Ortech Inc CA Valley Design Corp MA Pred Materials International Inc NY

Silicates BassTech Intl NJ Denka Corp NY Nanocerox UT Sauereisen Inc PA

Silicon & Compounds Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Beta SiC Powders Elkem Metals Inc PA FELDCO Intl CA Sinter-Pur® Beta SiC products are highly sinterable McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA See ad on pg 61 non-oxide powders excellent for ceramic matrix Reade Advanced Materials RI composites, high-performance wear parts (seal rings Valley Design Corp MA & pump parts), and used as a micro-abrasive agent. Silicon Carbide Low fracture toughness · Extreme hardness American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 APF Recycling Inc OH Thermally conductive · Inert properties Applied Ceramics Inc CA 312.559.2999 superiorgraphite.com Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ BassTech Intl NJ Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Bullen OH Cancarb Limited Canada CerCo LLC OH CoorsTek CO Custom Processing Services PA Electro Abrasives Corp NY FELDCO Intl CA Goodfellow Corp PA H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Imerys Refractory Minerals GA SUPERIOR $GRAPHITE Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Ortech Inc CA INNOVATING SINCE 1917 Pred Materials International Inc NY

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Tantalum Metal Powder Titanium Diboride Yttrium & Compounds H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA H.C. Starck Surface Technology and FELDCO Intl CA American Elements CA Outside back cover, 54 Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA C&L Development Corp CA Leico Industries Inc NJ H.C. Starck Surface Technology and CerPoTech AS Norway Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany GFS Chemicals Inc OH Tantalum Oxide Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Nanocerox UT CerPoTech AS Norway New Tech Ceramics Inc IA nGimat LLC KY FELDCO Intl CA Pred Materials International Inc NY PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Surmet Corp MA H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Zinc & Compounds Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Titanium Dioxide CerPoTech AS Norway PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 BassTech Intl NJ FELDCO Intl CA Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China Leico Industries Inc NJ Terbium Oxide FELDCO Intl CA Prince Minerals Inc TX Alfa Aesar Johnson Matthey MA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH RE Carroll Inc PA C&L Development Corp CA Nanocerox UT Sauereisen Inc PA CerPoTech AS Norway nGimat LLC KY TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Leico Industries Inc NJ Pred Materials International Inc NY Nanocerox UT Zinc Oxide Titanium Nitride American Chemet Corp IL Thin-Film Materials Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ FELDCO Intl CA FELDCO Intl CA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA nGimat LLC KY H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Prince Minerals Inc TX Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Sauereisen Inc PA Pred Materials International Inc NY Now Invent.™ uttam industries India e Tungsten Carbide v Zirconia americanelements.com Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA See ad on pg 65 Applied Ceramics Inc CA American Elements Inc CA Outside back cover, 54 Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ China Unipretec Ceramic Technology Co Ltd China C&L Development Corp CA C&L Development Corp CA tungst Thick-Film Materials Centerline Technologies OH Custom Processing Services PA CerPoTech AS Norway Custom Processing Services PA Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal y materials ESL ElectroScience PA FELDCO Intl CA International Ceramic Engineering MA New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Leico Industries Inc NJ sputt H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Shoei Chemical Inc Japan H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Nanocerox UT cerCerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Nanoe France CerPoTech AS Norway MSE Supplies AZ nGimat LLC KY FELDCOi Intl CA PicoParts Ltd Israel Ortech Inc CA Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Pred Materials International Inc NY PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Materion Advanced Materials NY PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Tungsten Oxide Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Valley Design Corp MA CerPoTech AS Norway Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA FELDCO Intl CA Sauereisen Inc PA Tin & Compounds H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Arlimin Industries CO TAM Ceramics NY CerPoTech AS Norway Uranium & Compounds Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY FELDCO Intl CA Wistra GmbH Germany Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Goodfellow Corp PA Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Vanadium & Compounds Zircoa Inc OH Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Titanium & Compounds CerPoTech AS Norway Zirconia, Engineering-Grade APF Recycling Inc OH FELDCO Intl CA Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Leico Industries Inc NJ C&L Development Corp CA Yttria McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA See ad on pg 61 FELDCO Intl CA APF Recycling Inc OH Nanoe France Goodfellow Corp PA Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA See ad on pg 65 Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Bullen OH Zircoa Inc OH Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany CoorsTek CO Leico Industries Inc NJ ESL ElectroScience PA Zirconia, High-Purity Nanocerox UT H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA APF Recycling Inc OH TAM Ceramics NY H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Applied Ceramics Inc CA Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany CARBO TX Titanium Carbide Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal CoorsTek CO Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Nanocerox UT Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Beijing Cerametek Materials Co Ltd China nGimat LLC KY International Ceramic Engineering MA FELDCO Intl CA PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Nanocerox UT H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Pred Materials International Inc NY Nanoe France H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Sauereisen Inc PA Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Reade Advanced Materials RI

74 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 CLAY & NATURAL MINERALS

Zirconia, Refractory-Grade Clays, Enamel Clays, Stoneware McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Old Hickory Clay Co KY Christy Minerals LLC MO See ad on pg 61 RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Old Hickory Clay Co KY Nanoe France Sibelco Benelux Belgium Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Sheffield Pottery MA Zircoa Inc OH Sibelco Benelux Belgium Clays, Engobe Zirconium & Compounds Imerys GA Cordierite Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Old Hickory Clay Co KY Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD C&L Development Corp CA Sheffield Pottery MA Mason Color Works Inc OH CerPoTech AS Norway Sibelco Benelux Belgium Reade Advanced Materials RI FELDCO Intl CA Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Refratechnik Ceramics GmbH Germany Goodfellow Corp PA Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Clays, Fire or Refractory H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Alsey Refractories Co MO Diatomateous Earth Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Christy Minerals LLC MO Reade Advanced Materials RI Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Endiccott Clay Products Company NE Luxfer MEL Technologies NJ Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Dolomite Monofrax LLC NY Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH PIDC MI See ad on pg 69 Maryland Refractories Co OH Sibelco Benelux Belgium Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Old Hickory Clay Co KY Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Riverside Refractories Inc AL Feldspar Zirconium Carbide Sheffield Pottery MA Avalon Advanced Materials Inc Canada Cancarb Limited Canada Sibelco Benelux Belgium Fusion Ceramics Inc OH H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Imerys GA H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Clays, Glaze Prince Minerals Inc TX Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany Imerys GA Sheffield Pottery MA Old Hickory Clay Co KY Sibelco Benelux Belgium Zirconium Carbonate Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX C&L Development Corp CA Sheffield Pottery MA Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Sibelco Benelux Belgium Flint Zirconium Diboride Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Christy Minerals LLC MO H.C. Starck North American Trading LLC MA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH H.C. Starck Surface Technology and Sheffield Pottery MA Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany n CLAY & NATURAL MINERALS Bauxite APF Recycling Inc OH Bosai Minerals Group Co Ltd China Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Hindalco Industries Limited India Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Prince Minerals Inc TX Bentonite Custom Processing Services PA Tech Talk Reade Advanced Materials RI Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Webinars

Borax In this webinar series by NSL Rio Tinto Minerals Australia Analytical Services, scientists discuss Chromite the latest cutting edge technologies Prince Minerals Inc TX and innovative techniques that are Clays, Ball bringing science forward in the Fusion Ceramics Inc OH industries that are important to you. Imerys GA Old Hickory Clay Co KY Sheffield Pottery MA Learn more by visiting Sibelco Benelux Belgium nslanalytical.com/webinars Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Unimin Corp CT to register now!

Clays, No Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Imerys GA Trust | Technology | Turnaround Old Hickory Clay Co KY 4450 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44128 Sheffield Pottery MA 877.560.3875 | ISO/IEC 17025 Sibelco Benelux Belgium Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 75 CONSTRUCTION CERAMICS

Forsterite Quartz Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Applied Ceramics Inc CA Lithoz GmbH NY Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Prince Minerals Inc TX Goodfellow Corp PA Reade Advanced Materials RI Kaolin Imerys GA TAM Ceramics NY Arkema Inc PA International Ceramic Engineering MA Bosai Minerals Group Co Ltd China Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY n CONSTRUCTION CERAMICS CARBO TX Multi Lab UK Brick Christy Minerals LLC MO Prince Minerals Inc TX Belden Brick Co OH Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Sibelco Benelux Belgium Brick Industry Assn VA Imerys GA Cancarb Limited Canada Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Rutile Endiccott Clay Products Company NE M&M Clays Inc GA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Niokem Inc NC Old Hickory Clay Co KY Prince Minerals Inc TX Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China RE Carroll Inc PA Reade Advanced Materials RI Sapphire Brick & Paving Sheffield Pottery MA Applied Ceramics Inc CA Belden Brick Co OH Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Centerline Technologies OH Brick Industry Assn VA U.S. Silica Co MD Goodfellow Corp PA Cancarb Limited Canada Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT International Ceramic Engineering MA Endiccott Clay Products Company NE MSE Supplies AZ Niokem Inc NC Kyanite Kyanite Mining Corp VA Silica Pipe, Ceramic-Lined APF Recycling Inc OH CerCo LLC OH Lime & Limestone Centerline Technologies OH Sanitaryware Prince Minerals Inc TX Imerys GA Roca Sanitario SA Spain RE Carroll Inc PA Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Maryland Refractories Co OH Lithium Minerals Prince Minerals Inc TX Tile, Floor & Pavers Sibelco Benelux Belgium Avalon Advanced Materials Inc Canada Endiccott Clay Products Company NE Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Foundation Floors FL U.S. Silica Co MD Heartland Wood Flooring FL Magnesite Somany Ceramics Ltd India APF Recycling Inc OH Soda Ash Bosai Minerals Group Co Ltd China Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Tile, Wall RE Carroll Inc PA Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Comtrust Architectural Mesh Co Ltd China Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Endiccott Clay Products Company NE Spinels Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Mica Almatis Inc PA Somany Ceramics Ltd India Imerys GA Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA n Montmorillonite GrainBound LLC PA CONSULTANTS & SERVICES Jenike & Johanson MA Reade Advanced Materials RI Pred Materials International Inc NY Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Advanced Coatings Mullite Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Advanced Materials Associates China Christy Minerals LLC MO Spodumene Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Avalon Advanced Materials Inc Canada Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR International Ceramic Engineering MA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH CoorsTek CO Kyanite Mining Corp VA Prince Minerals Inc TX Delkic & Associates FL Pred Materials International Inc NY Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Reade Advanced Materials RI New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Steatite Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Du-Co Ceramics Company PA International Ceramic Engineering MA Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Nepheline Syenite Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Viridis3D LLC MA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Sheffield Pottery MA Talc Alfred University NY Sibelco Benelux Belgium Custom Processing Services PA AVEKA MN Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Fusion Ceramics Inc OH CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Rio Tinto Minerals Australia CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Olivine CMC Laboratories Inc AZ Prince Minerals Inc TX CoorsTek CO Sibelco Benelux Belgium Wollastonite Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Bosai Minerals Group Co Ltd China Geller Microanalytical Laboratory Inc MA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Pyrite GrainBound LLC PA Reade Advanced Materials RI Kyanite Mining Corp VA H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Hindalco Industries Limited India Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY Pyrophyllite Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Zircon JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY AluChem Inc OH Vanderbilt Minerals, LLC CT Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA APF Recycling Inc OH Micron Inc DE

76 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 CONSULTANTS & SERVICES

NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA MemPro Materials Corp CO OPF Enterprises TX Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Quantachrome Instruments FL Ceramic Materials OPF Enterprises TX Refractory Consulting Services OH Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada P-Ker Engineering NY RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Advanced Materials Associates China Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 SEMTech Solutions Inc UK Alfred University NY Refrac Systems AZ Spectrochemical Laboratories PA AVEKA MN Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst NY TA Instruments DE Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Analytical Services Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD BOMAS Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL Precision Machining of Advanced Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Ceramics and Composite Materials Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Trust | Technology | Turnaround Since 1959 Joe Annese Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH 4450 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44128 ITAR Registered Mark Annese 877.560.3875 | ISO/IEC 17025 Viridis3D LLC MA bomas.com

nslanalytical.com Bomas Machine Specialties Inc MA See ad on pg 81 Chemistry Cancarb Limited Canada Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Ceralink Inc NY Cerion Nanomaterials NY See ad on pg 71 Elan Technology GA Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA GrainBound LLC PA +1-585-271-5630 | www.cerionnano.com/acers H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY Spectrochemical Laboratories PA Cerion Nanomaterials NY See ad on pg 71 Imerys GA Chemical Abstracts Service OH Cerion 2011697->American Ceramics Society 2.125x110/1/20 Product Ad.indd2:56 PM 1 Brick & Structural Clay Processing Inst for Applied Materials-Ceramics in Mechanical CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Engineering, Karlsruhe Inst of Technology Germany H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ Ceramitec Germany International Ceramic Engineering MA Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY Lucideon UK Lithoz GmbH NY NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Niokem Inc NC Lucideon UK OPF Enterprises TX

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 77 CONSULTANTS & SERVICES

Combustion Systems Energy Air Products PA A123 Systems Inc MI CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Advanced Energy CO Ceramic Services Inc PA Air Force Civil Engineer Center China CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Ceralink Inc NY FCT Systeme GmbH Germany Lucideon UK Polymer Innovations Inc CA Deltech Kiln and Furnace Design, LLC CO Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd Japan Fosbel Inc OH See ad on pg 91 General Glass Equipment Co NJ www.harropusa.com Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada

Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Engineering Advanced Materials Associates China Compositions Air Force Civil Engineer Center China Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Advanced Materials Associates China Cerinnov France CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Ceritherm France harperintl.com CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Cyclonaire Corp NE Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Deltech Kiln and Furnace Design, LLC CO Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY FCT Systeme GmbH Germany I Squared R Element Co NY See ad on pg 89 NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 General Glass Equipment Co NJ JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY Decorating Processes & Materials Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY Nutec Bickley Mexico Cerlase France Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Refrac Systems AZ Lucideon UK International Ceramic Engineering MA Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD OPF Enterprises TX Jenike & Johanson Inc MA The Furnace Source LLC CT Lithoz GmbH NY Trent Inc PA Design Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Winner Technology The Republic of Korea Air Force Civil Engineer Center China Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL CoorsTek CO Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH Glass Processes & Materials Deltech Kiln and Furnace Design, LLC CO Wistra GmbH Germany Alfred University NY General Glass Equipment Co NJ CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands I Squared R Element Co NY See ad on pg 89 Environmental Ceradyne Inc, a 3M Co KY Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Elan Technology GA JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY Jenike & Johanson Inc MA Air Force Civil Engineer Center China OPF Enterprises TX CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst NY RocCera LLC NY Lucideon UK RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Tethon 3D NE SEMTech Solutions Inc UK Saxon Glass Technologies Inc NY Viridis3D LLC MA Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Tri-Mer Corp MI Electronics & Electrical Materials Specialty Glass Inc FL Tri-Mer Corp MI Advanced Energy CO Expert Witness Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH APC International Ltd PA Advanced Materials Associates China Vesuvius SC AVEKA MN CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Centerline Technologies OH H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ Glazes/Colorants Elan Technology GA Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY Cancarb Limited Canada Electrosciences Ltd UK JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY Ceradyne Inc, a 3M Co KY Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Lucideon UK Laguna Clay Co CA Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Lucideon UK Haiku Tech Inc FL Refrac Systems AZ NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Refractory Consulting Services OH OPF Enterprises TX Spontaneous Materials CO RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH High-Technology Ceramics Fabrication Advanced Materials Associates China Accuratus Corp NJ APC International Ltd PA www.harropusa.com Advanced Materials Associates China ARBURG GmbH + Co KG Germany Bullen OH Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Lithoz GmbH NY Ceramitec Germany O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Refrac Systems AZ Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK RocCera LLC NY Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Lucideon UK Thermal Products Co Inc GA NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 www.isquaredrelement.com Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH OPF Enterprises TX I Squared R Element Co NY See ad on pg 89 P-Ker Engineering NY Furnaces Powder Processing & Technology LLC IN Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Advanced Materials Associates China Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd Japan Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD See ad on pg 91 American Isostatic Presses OH Viridis3D LLC MA CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Wistra GmbH Germany Centorr Vacuum Industries NH See ad on pg 87 Zircoa Inc OH

78 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 CONSULTANTS & SERVICES

Kilns CeramTec North America Corp SC BuzzMac Intl LLC ME Ceritherm France Cerinnov France Ceramitec Germany CoorsTek CO CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Custom Processing Services PA CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Cyclonaire Corp NE Cyclonaire Corp NE Endiccott Clay Products Company NE Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Elan Technology GA Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Jenike & Johanson Inc MA Geller Microanalytical Laboratory Inc MA Laserage Technology Corp IL GrainBound LLC PA Lucideon UK H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ Deltech Kiln and Furnace Design, LLC CO Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Hindalco Industries Limited India FCT Systeme GmbH Germany Matmatch Germany Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY Lucideon UK O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO Hysitron Inc MN Nabertherm Inc DE OPF Enterprises TX Inst for Applied Materials-Ceramics in Mechanical OPF Enterprises TX P-Ker Engineering NY Engineering, Karlsruhe Inst of Technology Germany Refrac Systems AZ Jenike & Johanson Inc MA Litigation Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd Japan JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ See ad on pg 91 Lucideon UK Lucideon UK Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Refractory Consulting Services OH Wistra GmbH Germany norECs AS Norway Spontaneous Materials CO Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH Markets Advanced Materials Associates China Maintenance & Repairs, After Sales Matmatch Germany Trust | Technology | Turnaround Cerinnov France 4450 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44128 OPF Enterprises TX 877.560.3875 | ISO/IEC 17025 Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL Management Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada nslanalytical.com OPF Enterprises TX Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL Materials Testing & Characterization NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Advanced Materials Associates China OPF Enterprises TX Manufacturing Alfred University NY Advanced Materials Associates China ARBURG GmbH + Co KG Germany AVEKA MN AVEKA MN Ceramco Inc NH Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Sales and Liquidations of CERAMIC MACHINERY

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 79 CONSULTANTS & SERVICES

Viridis3D LLC MA Cerlase France Wistra GmbH Germany Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Lucideon UK Research Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 The Leader in Independent Advanced Materials Associates China Spontaneous Materials CO Particle Characterization Services Alfred University NY Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD ARBURG GmbH + Co KG Germany Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL (630) 969-2703 ParticleTechLabs.com AVEKA MN Viridis3D LLC MA CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Ceralink Inc NY P-Ker Engineering NY n CUSTOM CERAMICS FABRICATION Cerion Nanomaterials NY See ad on pg 71 Refractory Consulting Services OH & ENGINEERING SERVICES Cerlase France Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd Japan Advanced Ceramics, Structural CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO See ad on pg 91 Accuratus Corp NJ Inst for Applied Materials-Ceramics in Mechanical Engineering, Karlsruhe Inst of Technology Germany AdTech Ceramics TN Laeis GmbH Luxembourg AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Lithoz GmbH NY Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Lucideon UK Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ OPF Enterprises TX Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Refrac Systems AZ RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD BOMAS Spectrochemical Laboratories PA Precision Machining of Advanced Viridis3D LLC MA Ceramics and Composite Materials Taber Industries NY Wistra GmbH Germany Since 1959 Joe Annese Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY ITAR Registered Mark Annese Semiconductors (Consultants) bomas.com Modeling Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd Japan CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands See ad on pg 91 Bomas Machine Specialties Inc MA See ad on pg 81 CoorsTek CO Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Bullen OH Lucideon UK Software CeramTec North America Corp SC Ram Products Inc OH Chemical Abstracts Service OH Ceranova Corp MA Spontaneous Materials CO General Glass Equipment Co NJ CerCo LLC OH Tethon 3D NE CiDRA Precision Services LLC CT CoorsTek CO Nuclear Materials Custom Processing Services PA Advanced Materials Associates China Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75

Patents Modern Times Legal MA Object Research Systems Inc Canada Refrac Systems AZ See ad on pg 81 Spontaneous Materials CO Outotec Research Oy Pori Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Throughput Bluestreak WI Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Professional Engineer Exothermics Inc NH NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Structural Ceramics FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Spontaneous Materials CO Advanced Materials Associates China FELDCO Intl CA Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH GE Global Research NY Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Induceramic Canada Ceramitec Germany Innovnano - Advanced Materials SA Portugal Quality Management/ISO 9000 CeramTec North America Corp SC Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Lithoz GmbH NY Lucideon UK Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY Machined Ceramics Inc KY OPF Enterprises TX Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Refractories Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Ceramitec Germany Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Superconductors Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Fosbel Inc OH Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY Technical Writing Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Advanced Materials Associates China McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Ipsen Ceramics IL Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY See ad on pg 61 JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands MemPro Materials Corp CO Laguna Clay Co CA Hitech Materials Pty Ltd NY Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Lucideon UK JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY Petro Mold Company PA Maryland Refractories Co OH Spontaneous Materials CO P-Ker Engineering NY NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL Precision Ceramics FL Refractory Consulting Services OH Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Technology Transfer Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Ceralink Inc NY

80 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 CUSTOM CERAMICS FABRICATION & ENGINEERING SERVICES

160 Goddard Memorial Dr., Worcester, MA 01603, USA Tel: 508-791-9549 • Fax: 508-793-9814 www.PremaTechAC.com PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Progressive Technology Inc CA

Rauschert Industries, Inc. (U.S.A.) 949.421.9804 Technical Ceramics C.brayman@ rauschertna.com www.rauschert.com

Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Refrac Systems AZ Refractron Technologies Corp NY RocCera LLC NY Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Refractories MA Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Starfire Systems Inc NY Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Technical Products Inc WI Tethon 3D NE Toto Ltd Japan Zircoa Inc OH

Calcining, Custom CerPoTech AS Norway Christy Minerals LLC MO OPF Enterprises TX

or ore inoration ease ontat s at BOMAS or saestenoogo ans Aene aaraiso I www.echoo.com Powder Processing & Technology LLC IN

Classification, Custom AVEKA MN BOMAS Precision Machining of Advanced Ceramics and Composite Materials Since 1959 Joe Annese ITAR Registered Mark Annese bomas.com

Bomas Machine Specialties Inc MA See ad on pg 81 Christy Minerals LLC MO MOR BARS Du-Co Ceramics Company PA If we’ve machined one, Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA we’ve machined over 2 million. Coatings, Corrosion-Resistant How many do you need? Aremco Products Inc NY Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Joe Annese • Mark Annese CoorsTek CO ESL ElectroScience PA Hexion Inc OH Induceramic Canada Master Bond Inc NJ ITAR Registered Starfire Systems Inc NY Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 bomas.com Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 81 CUSTOM CERAMICS FABRICATION & ENGINEERING SERVICES

Coatings, Thermal-Resistant Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Lapping & Polishing Aremco Products Inc NY Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Cancarb Limited Canada Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Bullen OH Delkic & Associates FL Furnace Rebuilds CoorsTek CO ESL ElectroScience PA Cancarb Limited Canada Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Induceramic Canada Fosbel Inc OH Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH International Ceramic Engineering MA Sigma Advanced Materials NY Oxy-Gon Industries Inc NH See ad on pg 89 Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Starfire Systems Inc NY TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Ortech Inc CA Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Unifrax I LLC NY Technical Products Inc WI Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH Grinding, Custom Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada ZYP Coatings Inc TN Valley Design Corp MA

Coatings, Wear-Resistant Laser Cutting & Scribing Services Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Cerlase France CeramTec-ETEC Germany CoorsTek CO CoorsTek CO Laserage Technology Corp IL ESL ElectroScience PA Ortech Inc CA Master Bond Inc NJ Machining New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Starfire Systems Inc NY Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 BOMAS Precision Machining of Advanced Crushing, Custom Ceramics and Composite Materials AVEKA MN Since 1959 Joe Annese Christy Minerals LLC MO ITAR Registered Mark Annese Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA bomas.com Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Reade Advanced Materials RI Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Bomas Machine Specialties Inc MA See ad on pg 81 Stedman Machine Co IN Aremco Products Inc NY Bullen OH Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Dielectrics Christy Minerals LLC MO CiDRA Precision Services LLC CT Accuratus Corp NJ CoorsTek CO AdTech Ceramics TN Du-Co Ceramics Company PA BOMAS Associated ceramics CA Precision Machining of Advanced FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany CerPoTech AS Norway Ceramics and Composite Materials Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Since 1959 Joe Annese Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands ITAR Registered Mark Annese International Ceramic Engineering MA Haiku Tech Inc FL Machined Ceramics Inc KY bomas.com Sigma Advanced Materials NY McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Bomas Machine Specialties Inc MA See ad on pg 81 Starfire Systems Inc NY See ad on pg 61 Bullen OH Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA CerCo LLC OH Ortech Inc CA CiDRA Precision Services LLC CT Drying, Custom PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Du-Co Ceramics Company PA AVEKA MN Reade Advanced Materials RI Elan Technology GA Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Refractory Machining Services PA FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany General Spray LLC NJ Refractory Minerals Co Inc PA FELDCO Intl CA Refractron Technologies Corp NY Ipsen Ceramics IL Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA RocCera LLC NY Reade Advanced Materials RI Fosbel Inc OH Stedman Machine Co IN International Ceramic Engineering MA Union Process OH Engineering Laserage Technology Corp IL Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Valley Design Corp MA Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Machined Ceramics Inc KY Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Films, Thick McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA See ad on pg 61 CoorsTek CO Hot Repair ESL ElectroScience PA Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Fosbel Inc OH Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Ortech Inc CA Precision Ceramics FL New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Joining P-Ker Engineering NY Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Polymer Innovations Inc CA CeramTec North America Corp SC Sigma Advanced Materials NY Fosbel Inc OH Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Fuse Tech/Hot Tech Group OH Induceramic Canada 160 Goddard Memorial Dr., Worcester, MA 01603, USA Films, Thin Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Tel: 508-791-9549 • Fax: 508-793-9814 Advanced Energy CO P-Ker Engineering NY Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA www.PremaTechAC.com CoorsTek CO Refrac Systems AZ PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Industrial Hard Carbon LLC NC RocCera LLC NY Progressive Technology Inc CA Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Sigma Advanced Materials NY New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Starfire Systems Inc NY

82 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 CUSTOM CERAMICS FABRICATION & ENGINEERING SERVICES

Ram Products Inc OH Technical Products Inc WI Refractory Machining Services PA Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD RocCera LLC NY Tethon 3D NE Stahli USA Inc WI Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Refractory Installation 160 Goddard Memorial Dr., Worcester, MA 01603, USA Technical Products Inc WI Diamorph AB UK Valley Design Corp MA Tel: 508-791-9549 • Fax: 508-793-9814 Fosbel Inc OH Zircar Zirconia Inc NY www.PremaTechAC.com Refractory Consulting Services OH Riverside Refractories Inc AL PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Milling, Custom Wistra GmbH Germany Progressive Technology Inc CA Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Ram Products Inc OH Screen Printing AVEKA MN Refrac Systems AZ Aremco Products Inc NY Bullen OH Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK CiDRA Precision Services LLC CT RocCera LLC NY Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands Custom Processing Services PA Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Haiku Tech Inc FL Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA International Ceramic Engineering MA MSE Supplies AZ Powder Processing & Technology LLC IN Precision Ceramics FL PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Reade Advanced Materials RI Refractory Machining Services PA RocCera LLC NY Stedman Machine Co IN Union Process OH Valley Design Corp MA Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY

Nuclear Materials Custom Designed Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Vacuum Furnaces for: Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Refrac Systems AZ • CVD SiC Etch & RTP rings Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH • CVD/CVI systems for CMC components Piezoelectrics APC International Ltd PA • Sintering, Debind, Annealing CerPoTech AS Norway Electrosciences Ltd UK Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands Haiku Tech Inc FL Meggitt Piezo Technologies IN Sparkler Ceramics Pvt Ltd India Powder Synthesis Unsurpassed thermal and CerPoTech AS Norway deposition uniformity Prototypes Each system custom designed to Accuratus Corp NJ Advanced Ceramic Technology CA suit your specific requirements Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Bullen OH Laboratory to Production CeramTec North America Corp SC CerCo LLC OH Exceptional automated control CoorsTek CO systems providing improved Du-Co Ceramics Company PA ESL ElectroScience PA product quality, consistency FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany and monitoring Goceram AB Sweden Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Worldwide commissioning, International Ceramic Engineering MA training and service Lithoz GmbH NY Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Ortech Inc CA P-Ker Engineering NY Precision Ceramics FL 100 Billerica Ave, www.tevtechllc.com Billerica, MA 01862 Tel. (978) 667-4557 Fax. (978) 667-4554 [email protected]

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 83 DECORATING

Screening, Custom Glazes AVEKA MN American Art Clay Co Inc IN CerPoTech AS Norway Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Cerlase France General Spray LLC NJ Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Reade Advanced Materials RI Laguna Clay Co CA Mason Color Works Inc OH Seals www.harropusa.com RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Sheffield Pottery MA Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Ipsen Ceramics IL CerCo LLC OH Glazing Equipment Oxy-Gon Industries Inc NH See ad on pg 89 Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Arlimin Industries CO Refrac Systems AZ Elan Technology GA Cerinnov France Sunrock Ceramics Co IL Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Du-Co Ceramics Company PA TAM Ceramics NY Ortech Inc CA HED Intl Inc NJ TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 P-Ker Engineering NY Precision Ceramics FL Ultrasonic Machining Inks Refrac Systems AZ American Art Clay Co Inc IN Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Refractories MA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK n DECORATING Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Spray Drying Coating Equipment Arch Maintenance Services GA Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Lehrs AVEKA MN Cerinnov France Nabertherm Inc DE CeramTec North America Corp SC Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands Recco Furnaces CA CerPoTech AS Norway Industrial Hard Carbon LLC NC Dorst America Inc PA Laguna Clay Co CA Pigments Elan Technology GA Arlimin Industries CO General Spray LLC NJ Colors Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Arlimin Industries CO Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Mason Color Works Inc OH Cerlase France Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Porcelain Enamels or ore inoration ease ontat s at Mason Color Works Inc OH or saestenoogo Cerlase France ans Aene aaraiso I Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Decal Equipment www.echoo.com RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Art On Ceramic NY Powder Processing & Technology LLC IN Cerinnov France Precious Metals Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH FELDCO Intl CA Decals Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Superconductors Cerlase France Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Precision Ceramics FL IPS Ceramics LTD UK Milestone Decal Art LLC NY Screen Printing Equipment Toll Blending, Processing Aremco Products Inc NY AVEKA MN Decorating Equipment Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands CerPoTech AS Norway Cerinnov France Haiku Tech Inc FL Custom Processing Services PA Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Decorating Supplies Silver Pastes, Conducting Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Master Bond Inc NJ Fusion Ceramics Inc OH General Spray LLC NJ Enamels Spray Booths Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA American Art Clay Co Inc IN Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Cerinnov France Laguna Clay Co CA Powder Processing & Technology LLC IN Cerlase France Reade Advanced Materials RI Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Stains Refrac Systems AZ RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA TAM Ceramics NY Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Engobes Mason Color Works Inc OH Toll Firing, Contract American Art Clay Co Inc IN Sheffield Pottery MA ACCCO Inc/Burley Clay Products Co OH Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Astro Met Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Mason Color Works Inc OH Used Equipment CeramTec North America Corp SC Christy Minerals LLC MO Frits FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Ceradyne Inc, a 3M Co KY FCT Systeme GmbH Germany Ceramic Color & Chemical Mfg Co PA Fusion Ceramics Inc OH RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 85 DINNERWARE

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86 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 DRYING, FIRING & MELTING

Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Wyssmont Co NJ

Furnaces, Alternative Fuels FURNACE CO,INC Ceritherm France Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Keith Co CA Recco Furnaces CA Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101

Furnaces, Electric Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI American Isostatic Presses OH Applied Test Systems Inc PA Aremco Products Inc NY XLC2448 set up for Pyrolysis with Multizone Heating Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 Banks, Inert Atmosphere, and Rapid Cooling

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 87 DRYING, FIRING & MELTING

Keith Co CA Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Quintus Technologies LLC OH L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg 87 RD Webb Company Inc MA Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH Furnaces, High-Temperature Seco/Warwick Corp PA Nabertherm Inc DE Applied Test Systems Inc PA Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Recco Furnaces CA Cancarb Limited Canada The Furnace Source LLC CT Seco/Warwick Corp PA Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Centorr Vacuum Industries NH See ad on pg 87 The Furnace Source LLC CT Ceritherm France Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 CM Furnaces Inc NJ Wyssmont Co NJ Cober Muegge LLC CT Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Furnaces, Glass-Melting Deltech Inc CO See ad on pg 85 Applied Test Systems Inc PA Detroit Process Machinery MI www.thermcraftinc.com Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 FCT Systeme GmbH Germany Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 Ceradyne Inc, a 3M Co KY Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 CM Furnaces Inc NJ Gasbarre Products Inc PA See ad on pg 95 Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Winner Technology The Republic of Korea Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Zircar Zirconia Inc NY HED Intl Inc NJ Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Furnaces, Laboratory An ISO 9001:2015 Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH certiﬁed company Nabertherm Inc DE Nutec Bickley Mexico www.deltechfurnaces.com

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Furnace Products & Services Inc PA PHONE: +1 866-473-8724 · WWW.VERDER-SCIENTIFIC.COM General Glass Equipment Co NJ P.O. Box 40, Epsom, NH 03234-0040 (603) 736-8422 • Fax (603) 736-8734 Magneco Metrel Inc IL Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 e-mail: [email protected] Centorr Vacuum Industries NH See ad on pg 87 Nabertherm Inc DE website: www.oxy-gon.com Paragon Industries LP TX CM Furnaces Inc NJ VSc_Advert-GB-USA-2.125x1in-CeramicSociety.indd 1 21.10.2020 12:01:05 PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada Oxy-Gon Industries Inc NH See ad on pg 89 Cober Muegge LLC CT RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Plansee SE MA Deltech Inc CO See ad on pg 85 Deltech Kiln and Furnace Design, LLC CO FCT Systeme GmbH Germany Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg 87 Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH Nabertherm Inc DE Nutec Bickley Mexico Oxy-Gon Industries Inc NH See ad on pg 89 RD Webb Company Inc MA RocCera LLC NY Laboratory Furnaces The Furnace Source LLC CT Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 • Horizontal & Vertical Tube Winner Technology The Republic of Korea Furnaces, Single and Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Multi-Zone Furnaces, Vacuum • Box Furnaces & Ashing Applied Test Systems Inc PA Furnaces AVS Inc MA Centorr Vacuum Industries NH See ad on pg 87 • Temperatures up to 1800°C Cober Muegge LLC CT FCT Systeme GmbH Germany • Made in the U.S.A. Gasbarre Products Inc PA See ad on pg 95 • Spare parts always available Goceram AB Sweden SmartControl Touch Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH Screen Control System Nabertherm Inc DE Nutec Bickley Mexico

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88 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 ACS 2016 Ad.indd 1 3/8/2016 2:05:26 PM DRYING, FIRING & MELTING

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I Squared R Element Co NY See ad on pg 89 Keith Co CA L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH Oxy-Gon Industries Inc NH See ad on pg 89 Plansee SE MA PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada Recco Furnaces CA Seco/Warwick Corp PA Thermal Products Co Inc GA Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 2 Trent Inc PA I R -- 56 years of service and reliability Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Winner Technology The Republic of Korea I Squared R Element Co., Inc. Akron, NY Phone: (716)542-5511 Humidification Systems Fax: (716)542-2100 CM Furnaces Inc NJ 56 1964 - 2020 Email: [email protected] Kilns www.isquaredrelement.com Applied Test Systems Inc PA Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 Ceramic Services Inc PA BELL FURNACE Ceritherm France Ideal for Sensitive Loads Detroit Process Machinery MI Benchtop FCT Systeme GmbH Germany Ceramic Firing Fives north American Combustion Inc OH CeramicLaboratory Polishing Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Sintering Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 AnnealingHot Press Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 HED Intl Inc NJ MODEL Column Ad:Layout 1 11/20/09 9:20 AM Page 1 Keith Co CA FR 210 L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Advanced Thermal Design llfurnace.com / 877.846.7628 at an affordable 20 Kent Road, Aston, PA 19014 price P: 610.459‐9216 F: 610.459.3689 E: [email protected]

L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg xx Laeis GmbH Luxembourg Laguna Clay Co CA Up to 2500°C • 25 Ton Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Vacuum Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 rating Nutec Bickley Mexico • AcceptsInert dies Gas up to PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada 3" diameterReducing x 4" Gas high RD Webb Company Inc MA • 2000°C Recco Furnaces CA RocCera LLC NY "Degrees Ahead in Quality" Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 Wistra GmbH Germany

Kilns, Bell Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 P.O. Box 40, Epsom, NH 03234-0040 (603) 736-8422 • Fax (603) 736-8734 Ceramic Services Inc PA e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.oxy-gon.com

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 89 DRYING, FIRING & MELTING

Ceritherm France Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Kilns, Rotary Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Ceritherm France Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 HED Intl Inc NJ CM Furnaces Inc NJ HED Intl Inc NJ Keith Co CA Deltech Inc CO See ad on pg 85 Keith Co CA L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Fives north American Combustion Inc OH L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg 87 Furnace Products & Services Inc PA L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg 87 Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Nabertherm Inc DE Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Nabertherm Inc DE Nutec Bickley Mexico HED INtl Inc NJ Nutec Bickley Mexico Recco Furnaces CA Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Nutec Bickley Mexico Recco Furnaces CA Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan Raymond Bartlett Snow Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan Kilns, Envelope Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 Ceritherm France Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Kilns, Shuttle American Art Clay Co Inc IN HED INtl Inc NJ Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Applied Test Systems Inc PA Keith Co CA Ceramic Services Inc PA Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Ceritherm France Ceramic Services Inc PA L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg 87 CM Furnaces Inc NJ Ceritherm France Nabertherm Inc DE Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 CM Furnaces Inc NJ Nutec Bickley Mexico Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada HED INtl Inc NJ Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Recco Furnaces CA Keith Co CA HED Intl Inc NJ Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Keith Co CA L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg 87 L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Kilns, Periodic (Batch) Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg 87 Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Nabertherm Inc DE Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 Nutec Bickley Mexico Nabertherm Inc DE Ceramic Services Inc PA Recco Furnaces CA Nutec Bickley Mexico Ceritherm France Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Paragon Industries LP TX CM Furnaces Inc NJ Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada Cober Muegge LLC CT Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 Recco Furnaces CA FCT Systeme GmbH Germany Wistra GmbH Germany Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Kilns, Test/Lab Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 HED INtl Inc NJ American Art Clay Co Inc IN Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Keith Co CA Applied Test Systems Inc PA L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 Kilns, Box L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg 87 Ceramic Services Inc PA Nutec Bickley Mexico Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA CM Furnaces Inc NJ Nabertherm Inc DE Cober Muegge LLC CT Kilns, Chamber Nutec Bickley Mexico FCT Systeme GmbH Germany Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 RD Webb Company Inc MA Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Ceritherm France Recco Furnaces CA Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Keith Co CA L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg 87 Nabertherm Inc DE Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Nutec Bickley Mexico Kilns, Pusher Plate Nabertherm Inc DE Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan Ceritherm France Nutec Bickley Mexico Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 CM Furnaces Inc NJ Paragon Industries LP TX Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 RD Webb Company Inc MA Kilns, Conveyor HED INtl Inc NJ Recco Furnaces CA Ceramic Services Inc PA Ipsen Ceramics IL Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan Ceritherm France Keith Co CA Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Nutec Bickley Mexico HED Intl Inc NJ Recco Furnaces CA Kilns, Tunnel (Continuous) Keith Co CA Applied Test Systems Inc PA Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Kilns, Roller Hearth Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Nabertherm Inc DE Ceramic Services Inc PA Ceramic Services Inc PA Nutec Bickley Mexico Ceritherm France Ceritherm France Recco Furnaces CA Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 CM Furnaces Inc NJ Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Cober Muegge LLC CT Kilns, Elevator HED INtl Inc NJ Deltech Inc CO See ad on pg 85 Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Keith Co CA Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Applied Test Systems Inc PA Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Ceramic Services Inc PA Nutec Bickley Mexico Ceritherm France Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA CM Furnaces Inc NJ Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Wistra GmbH Germany

90 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 EDUCATION & RESOURCES

Thermocouples & Accessories Computer Software AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Matmatch Germany American Art Clay Co Inc IN American Isostatic Presses OH Continuing Education CM Furnaces Inc NJ Alfred University NY Datapaq Inc NH Arizona State University AZ Gasbarre Products Inc PA See ad on pg 95 CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands harperintl.com Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Keith Co CA IKTS Germany Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Leico Industries Inc NJ International Centre for Diffraction Data PA Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH Jenike & Johanson Inc MA McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY See ad on pg 61 Spontaneous Materials CO PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada Tethon 3D NE Quintus Technologies LLC OH Recco Furnaces CA Degree Programs, ABET www.harropusa.com Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Accredited Alfred University NY Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 n EDUCATION & RESOURCES Case Western Reserve University OH Keith Co CA Associations & Societies Massachusetts Inst of Technology MA Nutec Bickley Mexico Assoc of American Ceramic Component Manufacturers Missouri University of Science and Technology MO Recco Furnaces CA (AACCM) OH Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst NY Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Brick Industry Assn VA Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan Glass Mfg Industry Council OH Degree Programs, Ceramic Wistra GmbH Germany Indian Ceramic Society India The American Ceramic Society OH International Centre for Diffraction Data PA Alfred University NY Lehrs Journal of the American Ceramic Society OH Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Ceramic Services Inc PA SAMPE CA IKTS Germany Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 The American Ceramic Society OH Massachusetts Inst of Technology MA Keith Co CA Missouri University of Science and Technology MO Recco Furnaces CA Books APC International Ltd PA Degree Programs, Glass Engrg Science Microwave Systems Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Alfred University NY Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Journal of the American Ceramic Society OH Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS Germany Ceralink Inc NY SAMPE CA Ceritherm France Sheffield Pottery MA CM Furnaces Inc NJ Cober Muegge LLC CT Gerling Applied Engineering Inc CA Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77

www.harropusa.com

Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 RocCera LLC NY Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan

Oxygen Supply Air Products PA

Process/Quality Control Systems Applied Test Systems Inc PA Datapaq Inc NH General Glass Equipment Co NJ Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH

Pyrometric Cones/Plaques American Art Clay Co Inc IN Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada Trinity Ceramic Supply Inc TX

Sensors, Temperature Datapaq Inc NH Penn Tool Co NJ Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 91 ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC CERAMICS

Degree Programs, Materials Science Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Federal-Mogul MI Alfred University NY Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Arizona State University AZ Morgan Advanced Materials CA Materion Ceramics AZ Case Western Reserve University OH NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Pacific Ceramics Inc CA NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia IKTS Germany P-Ker Engineering NY Massachusetts Inst of Technology MA Ferrites & Ferromagnetics Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Missouri University of Science and Technology MO Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Sonya Ceramics (Export Division) India Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst NY Pacific Ceramics Inc CA Superior Technical Ceramics Corp VT See ad on pg 63 Polymer Innovations Inc CA Toto Ltd Japan Employment Services Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China SAMPE CA Spontaneous Materials CO See ad on pg 93 Zircoa Inc OH Publications Filters, Dielectric American Ceramic Society Bulletin OH CerPoTech AS Norway Magnets American Scientific Publishers CA Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Spontaneous Materials CO Chemical Abstracts Service OH Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd Japan GrainBound LLC PA Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Microwave Packages Indian Ceramic Society India AdTech Ceramics TN Journal of the American Ceramic Society OH Fuel Cells, Solid Oxide Kyocera International Inc CA AdTech Ceramics TN Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA n ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors CERAMICS See ad on pg 65 Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd Japan Antennas, Dielectric Cancarb Limited Canada Polymer Innovations Inc CA Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands CerPoTech AS Norway O’Keefe Ceramics Inc CO ESL ElectroScience PA Multilayer Ceramics, AlN Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands AdTech Ceramics TN Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia Capacitors H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA H.C. Starck Surface Technology and See ad on pg 93 See ad on pg 65 Ceramic Powders GmbH Germany AVX Corp SC Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Multilayer Ceramics, Custom Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Nexceris LLC OH AdTech Ceramics TN Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA norECs AS Norway EBL Products Inc CT Induceramic Canada Polymer Innovations Inc CA Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd Japan Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Polymer Innovations Inc CA See ad on pg 93 High-Voltage Insulators Ceramic-Brazed Assemblies Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Piezoelectrics AdTech Ceramics TN Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY APC International Ltd PA CeramTec North America Corp SC Ceramco Inc NH AVX Corp SC CeramTec North America Corp SC EBL Products Inc CT Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Meggitt Piezo Technologies IN Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Morgan Advanced Materials CA Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA Polymer Innovations Inc CA Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Sparkler Ceramics Pvt Ltd India Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China See ad on pg 93 Resistors, Thick-Film ESL ElectroScience PA Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Hybrid Circuits & Packages Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd Japan Induceramic Canada AdTech Ceramics TN Polymer Innovations Inc CA Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn CA AVX Corp SC Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Resonators See ad on pg 93 AVX Corp SC Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Conductors Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd Japan AdTech Ceramics TN NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan CerPoTech AS Norway IC Packages Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD ESL ElectroScience PA AdTech Ceramics TN Master Bond Inc NJ Kyocera International Inc CA RF Components NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan norECs AS Norway AdTech Ceramics TN Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Crystals Insulators, Electrical/Electronic Advanced Energy CO Induceramic Canada Accuratus Corp NJ Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd Japan Kyocera International Inc CA AdTech Ceramics TN Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD MSE Supplies AZ Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Semiconductors Ceramco Inc NH Cancarb Limited Canada CeramTec North America Corp SC Dielectrics Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 CerCo LLC OH AVX Corp SC Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Centerline Technologies OH NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH CerPoTech AS Norway ESL ElectroScience PA ESL ElectroScience PA

92 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC CERAMICS

Saint-Gobain Recherche France Thermistors Valley Design Corp MA AVX Corp SC Accuratus Corp NJ Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd Japan Bullen OH Polymer Innovations Inc CA Centerline Technologies OH Quality Thermistor Inc ID CoorsTek CO Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Transducers MSE Supplies AZ APC International Ltd PA Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd Japan NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan See ad on pg 91 CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Toto Ltd Japan EBL Products Inc CT Valley Design Corp MA Meggitt Piezo Technologies IN Sensors Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Neoptix Canada AdTech Ceramics TN Sparkler Ceramics Pvt Ltd India AVX Corp SC Substrates, Silicon Carbide Technisonic Research Inc CT Bullen OH Bullen OH Centerline Technologies OH CeramTec North America Corp SC Transformers Ortech Inc CA EBL Products Inc CT RoMan Manufacturing MI Toto Ltd Japan Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Warner Power LLC MI Valley Design Corp MA Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd Japan Neoptix Canada Ultrasonic Ceramics Optocon AG Germany Superconductors, High-Temperature APC International Ltd PA Polymer Innovations Inc CA Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China EBL Products Inc CT See ad on pg 93 Quality Thermistor Inc ID Meggitt Piezo Technologies IN Sparkler Ceramics Pvt Ltd India Tapes Technisonic Research Inc CT Varistors Du-Co Ceramics Company PA AVX Corp SC ESL ElectroScience PA Spark Plugs Kyocera International Inc CA Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Polymer Innovations Inc CA Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands See ad on pg 65 CerCo LLC OH Haiku Tech Inc FL Federal-Mogul MI Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Polymer Innovations Inc CA NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan

Substrates, Alumina Accuratus Corp NJ AdTech Ceramics TN Bullen OH Centerline Technologies OH CeramTec North America Corp SC CoorsTek CO Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Laserage Technology Corp IL NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia

NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd Japan Metallization Ceramics Boron Nitride Ceramics Aluminum Nitride Ceramic Ortech Inc CA Saint-Gobain norPro OH Toto Ltd Japan Valley Design Corp MA Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China See ad on pg 93 Alumina Ceramic Heater Porous Ceramics Ceramic Metering Pump Substrates, Aluminum Nitride Accuratus Corp NJ AdTech Ceramics TN Bullen OH Centerline Technologies OH

CoorsTek CO Silicon Nitride Ceramics Machinable Glass Ceramic Ceramic Reflector Laserage Technology Corp IL MSE Supplies AZ NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia Ortech Inc CA Starfire Systems Inc NY Valley Design Corp MA Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Alumina Ceramics Zirconia Ceramics Beryllium Oxide Ceramics See ad on pg 93

Substrates, Glass Learn more at www.innovacera.com Accuratus Corp NJ Tel:0086-592-5589730 Fax: 0086-592-5589733 Bullen OH Email: [email protected] Note: * machining only Centerline Technologies OH Laserage Technology Corp IL RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 93 FABRICATING & FINISHING

n FABRICATING & FINISHING Cutting Equipment Dicing Equipment Abrasives Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Aremco Products Inc NY Allied High Tech Products Inc CA Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Diacut Inc CO Diacut Inc CO General Glass Equipment Co NJ Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Haiku Tech Inc FL Dynacut Inc PA Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Jet Edge Waterjet Systems MN Liberty Machinery Co IL Dynacut Inc PA Liberty Machinery Co IL Nutec Bickley Mexico Electro Abrasives Corp NY OptiPro Systems LLC NY Engis Corp IL Penn Tool Co NJ Dies FELDCO Intl CA Sigmadiamant Spain Gasbarre Products Inc PA See ad on pg 95 Jet Edge Waterjet Systems MN Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Ram Products Inc OH Reade Advanced Materials RI Saint-Gobain Abrasives MA Cutting Tools Dressing Wheels, Diamond Sigmadiamant Spain Diacut Inc CO Diacut Inc CO Stahli USA Inc WI Dynacut Inc PA Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Engis Corp IL Dynacut Inc PA Jet Edge Waterjet Systems MN Engis Corp IL New Tech Ceramics Inc IA Greenlee Diamond Tool Co IL Penn Tool Co NJ Sigmadiamant Spain Electroplating Equipment Haiku Tech Inc FL CVD Equipment Liberty Machinery Co IL Advanced Energy CO Penn Tool Co NJ Centorr Vacuum Industries NH See ad on pg 87 Superior Graphite Co IL See ad on pg 73 Liberty Machinery Co IL Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Extruders Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Deburring Equipment American Art Clay Co Inc IN Brickmaking Equipment Engis Corp IL Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Liberty Machinery Co IL Detroit Process Machinery MI Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Dorst America Inc PA EZG Manufacturing Inc OH Inside front cover Penn Tool Co NJ Ipsen Ceramics IL Laeis GmbH Luxembourg Laguna Clay Co CA Stedman Machine Co IN Diamond Drills Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 North Star Equipment Inc WA Casting Equipment, Pressure Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Greenlee Diamond Tool Co IL Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA American Isostatic Presses OH Cerinnov France Feeders Cerlase France Diamond Hones Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Dorst America Inc PA Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Isoform Ltd UK HED INtl Inc NJ Engis Corp IL Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Laguna Clay Co CA Greenlee Diamond Tool Co IL Wyssmont Co NJ Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Saint-Gobain Abrasives MA Stahli USA Inc WI Forming Equipment Casting Equipment, Tape American Isostatic Presses OH Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Diamond Saw Blades ARBURG GmbH + Co KG Germany Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands Allied High Tech Products Inc CA Dorst America Inc PA Haiku Tech Inc FL Aremco Products Inc NY HED INtl Inc NJ HED INtl Inc NJ Comtrust Architectural Mesh Co Ltd China Ipsen Ceramics IL Polymer Innovations Inc CA Diacut Inc CO Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Isoform Ltd UK Lithoz GmbH NY CNC Mills Dynacut Inc PA Engis Corp IL Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Greenlee Diamond Tool Co IL Quintus Technologies LLC OH Liberty Machinery Co IL Ram Products Inc OH LECO Corp MI OptiPro Systems LLC NY Liberty Machinery Co IL Penn Tool Co NJ Saint-Gobain Abrasives MA Glass Finishing Equipment Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada General Glass Equipment Co NJ Liberty Machinery Co IL Coating Equipment Diamond Saws Lithoz GmbH NY Allied High Tech Products Inc CA OptiPro Systems LLC NY Allied High Tech Products Inc CA Cerakote Ceramic Coatings OR Aremco Products Inc NY Dynacut Inc PA Diacut Inc CO Glass Forming Equipment Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands Dynacut Inc PA General Glass Equipment Co NJ Haiku Tech Inc FL Greenlee Diamond Tool Co IL Liberty Machinery Co IL Liberty Machinery Co IL Glass Shear Spray RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Cold-End Coatings, Glass RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Diamond Tools Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Glass Supplies Ipsen Ceramics IL Controllers Engis Corp IL Greenlee Diamond Tool Co IL Dorst America Inc PA LECO Corp MI Grinders, Centerless General Glass Equipment Co NJ Penn Tool Co NJ Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Laguna Clay Co CA Saint-Gobain Abrasives MA Liberty Machinery Co IL Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Sigmadiamant Spain Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China

94 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 FABRICATING & FINISHING

GLOBAL SUPPORT TEAM Grinders, Cylindrical ON-SITE SERVICE Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Liberty Machinery Co IL Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China

Grinders, Finished Product Engineered Solutions DCM Tech MN FOR POWDER COMPACTION Ipsen Ceramics IL Liberty Machinery Co IL OptiPro Systems LLC NY CNC HYDRAULIC AND Stahli USA Inc WI ELECTRIC PRESSES Easy to Setup and Flexible for Grinding Wheels Simple to Complex Parts Allied High Tech Products Inc CA Diacut Inc CO Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Dynacut Inc PA Engis Corp IL Greenlee Diamond Tool Co IL Penn Tool Co NJ Sigmadiamant Spain HIGH SPEED PTX PRESSES Stahli USA Inc WI Repeatable. Reliable. Precise.

Hydraulic Systems Isoform Ltd UK Ram Products Inc OH COLD ISOSTATIC Injection-Molding Equipment PRESSES ARBURG GmbH + Co KG Germany Featuring Dry Bag Pressing Goceram AB Sweden Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China 814.371.3015 [email protected] Jiggering Equipment www.gasbarre.com POWDER COMPACTION SOLUTIONS Cerinnov France Ram Products Inc OH

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Mandrels, Diamond See Bob’s story at makeitemax.com For more information, call us at 1-800-533-6825 in the U.S., 1-800-263-8182 in Canada. Diacut Inc CO © 2020 Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. Ivoclar Vivadent, IPS e.max and ZirCAD are registered trademarks of Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL *Please see the conditions of the 10 + 2 year guarantee at guarantee.ipsemax.com

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 95

13578_3.25x4.875.indd 1 10/13/20 8:04 AM FABRICATING & FINISHING

Engis Corp IL Quintus Technologies LLC OH Greenlee Diamond Tool Co IL RocCera LLC NY Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Molds, Case Petro Mold Company PA POWDER COMPACTION SOLUTIONS Presses, Other Ram Products Inc OH ARBURG GmbH + Co KG Germany Isoform Ltd UK Molds, Ceramic-Forming www.gasbarre.com Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Presses, Pressure Casting Gasbarre Products (PTX Pentronix) PA See ad on pg 95 Cerinnov France Cerlase France Gasbarre Products Inc PA See ad on pg 95 Dorst America Inc PA Cerlase France Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Goceram AB Sweden Quintus Technologies LLC OH Ipsen Ceramics IL Ram Products Inc OH Isoform Ltd UK Presses, Dry Laeis GmbH Luxembourg Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Presses, Refractory Shapes Laguna Clay Co CA Dorst America Inc PA Laeis GmbH Luxembourg Petro Mold Company PA Gasbarre Products Inc PA See ad on pg 95 Ram Products Inc OH Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Presses, Rotary Viridis3D LLC MA Suntech Advanced Ceramics (Shenzhen) Co Ltd China Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH Molds, Models Presses, Extrusion Petro Mold Company PA Dorst America Inc PA Presses, Tile (Ceramic) Ram Products Inc OH Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Laeis GmbH Luxembourg Viridis3D LLC MA Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Plasma Etching Systems Pug Mills Advanced Energy CO Presses, Hot Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Liberty Machinery Co IL American Isostatic Presses OH Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Centorr Vacuum Industries NH See ad on pg 87 Dorst America Inc PA Pneumatic Systems FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Cyclonaire Corp NE FCT Systeme GmbH Germany Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH Sheffield Pottery MA Ram Products Inc OH Oxy-Gon Industries Inc NH See ad on pg 89 Young Industries Inc PA Young Industries Inc PA Refrac Systems AZ PVD Equipment Polishing Equipment Presses, Hot Isostatic Liberty Machinery Co IL Allied High Tech Products Inc CA American Isostatic Presses OH Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL AVS Inc MA Dynacut Inc PA FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Roofing Tile Machinery Engis Corp IL Quintus Technologies LLC OH Laeis GmbH Luxembourg LECO Corp MI Liberty Machinery Co IL Presses, Hydraulic Setting Equipment Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI OptiPro Systems LLC NY Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Penn Tool Co NJ ARBURG GmbH + Co KG Germany AVS Inc MA Sigmadiamant Spain Slab Rollers Digital Press Inc PA Stahli USA Inc WI North Star Equipment Inc WA Dorst America Inc PA Polishing Powder & Supplies Gasbarre Products Inc PA See ad on pg 95 Laeis GmbH Luxembourg Spray Booths Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH Treibacher Industrie AG Austria C&L Development Corp CA Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Engis Corp IL Ram Products Inc OH Sputtering Equipment Sigmadiamant Spain Advanced Energy CO Stahli USA Inc WI Presses, Isostatic FCT Ingenieurkeramik GmbH Germany Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Presses, Compacting American Isostatic Presses OH Superabrasives BUYING AND SELLING Cerinnov France Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Cerlase France Dynacut Inc PA Huge Inventory in our Detroit Detroit Process Machinery MI Engis Corp IL Michigan warehouse Dorst America Inc PA Greenlee Diamond Tool Co IL Liberty Machinery Co IL Teeter Marketing Services LLC FL

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96 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 GLASS PRODUCTS

Turning Machines, Insulator Garg Process Glass India Pvt Ltd India Liberty Machinery Co IL RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Ultrasonic Machining Equipment Bullen OH International Ceramic Engineering MA Ph: 573-364-2338 Liberty Machinery Co IL OptiPro Systems LLC NY www.mo-sci.com 305 Marlborough Street • Oldsmar, Florida 34677 Phone (813) 855-5779 • e-mail: [email protected] Mo-Sci Corp MO See ad on pg 97 Used Equipment RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden www.sgiglass.com Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Specialty Glass Inc FL Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Specialty Glass Inc FL Cerinnov France Borosilicate Glass Valley Design Corp MA Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Bullen OH Dorst America Inc PA Elan Technology GA Dynacut Inc PA Liberty Machinery Co IL Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Ram Products Inc OH Viridis3D LLC MA

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Wheels, Diamond Aremco Products Inc NY Mo-Sci offers a wide variety of custom Diacut Inc CO Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Dynacut Inc PA glass solutions and will work with you to Engis Corp IL Greenlee Diamond Tool Co IL create tailored glass materials to match LECO Corp MI Sigmadiamant Spain your application. Stahli USA Inc WI Contact us today to discuss your n GLASS PRODUCTS Automotive Glass next project. Arkema Inc PA RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Saint-Gobain Recherche France mo-sci.com/contact Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41

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Ph: 573-364-2338 www.mo-sci.com Mo-Sci Corp MO See ad on pg 97 Reade Advanced Materials RI Zircoa Inc OH www.mo-sci.com • 573.364.2338 Bioglass ISO 9001:2008 • AS9100C Ceradyne Inc, a 3M Co KY

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 97 GLASS PRODUCTS

Chemically Strengthened Glass Valley Design Corp MA Refrac Systems AZ Arkema Inc PA Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Garg Process Glass India Pvt Ltd India See ad on pg 93 Saint-Gobain Recherche France RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Saxon Glass Technologies Inc NY Saint-Gobain Recherche France Glass-to-Metal Seals Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Saxon Glass Technologies Inc NY Elan Technology GA Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 ESL ElectroScience PA Vesuvius SC RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Specialty Glass Inc FL Container Glass 305 Marlborough Street • Oldsmar, Florida 34677 Arkema Inc PA Phone (813) 855-5779 • e-mail: [email protected] Laboratory & Technical Glass Cerinnov France www.sgiglass.com Owens-Illinois Inc OH Arkema Inc PA Garg Process Glass India Pvt Ltd India RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Specialty Glass Inc FL LECO Corp MI Saint-Gobain Recherche France Vesuvius SC Vesuvius SC RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Saxon Glass Technologies Inc NY Technical Glass Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Fibers, Continuous Ceradyne Inc, a 3M Co KY Specialty Glass Inc FL Saint-Gobain Recherche France Elan Technology GA TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Verity Technical Consultants LLC OH RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Saxon Glass Technologies Inc NY Fibers, Optical Laminated Glass Adamant Co Ltd Japan Arkema Inc PA Corning Incorporated NY RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Optocon AG Germany Vesuvius SC Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Laser Glasses Flat & Safety Glass Cerinnov France Arkema Inc PA Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Saint-Gobain Recherche France Vesuvius SC Lenses TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Fused Silica Glass Accuratus Corp NJ Lighting Arkema Inc PA Osram Sylvania Inc MA 305 Marlborough Street • Oldsmar, Florida 34677 Phone (813) 855-5779 • e-mail: [email protected] Bullen OH Imerys Refractory Minerals GA Mirrors www.sgiglass.com RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Valley Design Corp MA Valley Design Corp MA Specialty Glass Inc FL Optical & Optoelectronic Ceramics Vesuvius SC Glass-Ceramics NEVZ-Ceramics, Close JSC Russia Accuratus Corp NJ Specialty Glass Inc FL Tubing & Rod Advanced Ceramic Technology CA TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Arkema Inc PA Vesuvius SC Garg Process Glass India Pvt Ltd India Bullen OH Morgan Advanced Materials CA Cerlase France Optical Substrates Specialty Glass Inc FL Elan Technology GA Bullen OH FELDCO Intl CA Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 n LABORATORY EQUIPMENT & Specialty Glass Inc FL SUPPLIES Valley Design Corp MA Chemicals Vesuvius SC Arkema Inc PA Bayville Chemical Supply Co Inc NY Optical Thin Films Nanofilm OH www.ivoclarvivadent.com FELDCO Intl CA RocCera LLC NY Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc See ad on pg 95 Colorimeters Petro Mold Company PA TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 HunterLab VA PremaTech Advanced Ceramics MA Solar Density Measurement Instruments What’s your Ceradyne Inc, a 3M Co KY Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA next milestone? FELDCO Intl CA Materion Ceramics AZ Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Penn Tool Co NJ Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Quantachrome Instruments FL Vesuvius SC RocCera LLC NY milestones.us.schott.com Specialty Glass Detectors Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 Ceradyne Inc, a 3M Co KY Control Instruments Corp NJ Specialty Glass Inc FL Corning Incorporated NY Penn Tool Co NJ StudioLX - Home Decor IL Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Rockwell Automation, Inc WI TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Garg Process Glass India Pvt Ltd India Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel

98 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES

Dimension Measurement Instruments CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Penn Tool Co NJ

Dryers Applied Test Systems Inc PA Ceramic Services Inc PA Cober Muegge LLC CT Detroit Process Machinery MI EIRICH Machines, Inc IL Goceram AB Sweden Littleford Day Inc MI Recco Furnaces CA Wyssmont Co NJ

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Glossimeters Horiba Instruments Inc CA

Hardness Measurement Instruments Allied High Tech Products Inc CA

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Lab Crucibles AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Ceramco Inc NH CoorsTek CO ® McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Wilson VH3300 ® See ad on pg 61 with DiaMet Software Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China See ad on pg 93 Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China

Lab Furnace Tubes IsoMet® High Speed AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Precision Cutter Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA See ad on pg 61 Nabertherm Inc DE Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China See ad on pg 93 Increase Lab Efﬁciency with High Performance Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Innovations for the Ceramics Industry

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 99 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES

Lab Furnaces Microscopes, Polarizing Recorders Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Buehler Ltd IL See ad on pg 99 CSC Force Measurement Inc MA American Isostatic Presses OH Carl Zeiss MircoImaging Inc NY Datapaq Inc NH Applied Test Systems Inc PA JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY Rockwell Automation, Inc WI AVS Inc MA Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Carbolite Gero UK See ad on pg 101 Microscopes, Reflected Light Allied High Tech Products Inc CA Rheometers Buehler Ltd IL See ad on pg 99 Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Carl Zeiss MircoImaging Inc NY TA Instruments DE LECO Corp MI Sample Preparation Equipment Over 6500 units built since 1954 Microscopes, Scanning Electron 55 Northeastern Blvd., Nashua, NH 03062 USA • Tollfree: 800-962-8631 Allied High Tech Products Inc CA P: 603-595-7233 • F: 603-595-9220 • E-mail: [email protected] Nanoscience Instruments AZ www.centorr.com SEMTech Solutions Inc UK

Centorr Vacuum Industries NH See ad on pg 87 Microscopes, Transmission Electron Ceramic Services Inc PA Metallography Horiba Instruments Inc CA CM Furnaces Inc NJ Equipment CSC Force Measurement Inc MA for Demanding Labs Deltech Inc CO See ad on pg 85 Mills, Laboratory www.buehler.com | 847-295-6500 Detroit Process Machinery MI Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Custom Processing Services PA L&L Special Furnace Co Inc PA See ad on pg 87 Buehler Ltd IL See ad on pg 99 Detroit Process Machinery MI Lucifer Furnaces Inc PA Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Materials Research Furnaces Inc NH Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Nabertherm Inc DE Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Oxy-Gon Industries Inc NH See ad on pg 89 Ram Products Inc OH Paragon Industries LP TX RD Webb Company Inc MA

Custom Furnaces & SOLUTIONS FOR THE CERAMIC INDUSTRY www.ivoclarvivadent.com Components PHONE: +1 866-473-8724 · WWW.VERDER-SCIENTIFIC.COM Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc See ad on pg 95 www.TevTechllc.com Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 MSE Supplies AZ Stedman Machine Co IN TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Thermometers The Furnace Source LLC CT Union Process OH VSc_Advert-GB-USA-2.125x1in-CeramicSociety.inddOptocon AG Germany 2 21.10.2020 12:01:05 Thermcraft Inc NC See ad on pg 88 Penn Tool Co NJ Trent Inc PA Mixers, Laboratory Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Custom Processing Services PA See ad on pg 93 Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Detroit Process Machinery MI ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY EIRICH Machines, Inc IL Viscosity Measurement Instruments Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Carl Zeiss MircoImaging Inc NY Lancaster Products PA norcross Viscosity Controls MI Light Sources Littleford Day Inc MI RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Allied High Tech Products Inc CA Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Carl Zeiss MircoImaging Inc NY Ram Products Inc OH TA Instruments DE Spectronics Corp NY Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101

Mechanical Property Measurement Visual Inspection Instruments Moisture Testing Buehler Ltd IL See ad on pg 99 Instruments LECO Corp MI Haiku Tech Inc FL Applied Test Systems Inc PA Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA Penn Tool Co NJ Buehler Ltd IL See ad on pg 99 Taber Industries NY BuzzMac Intl LLC ME Optical Comparitors CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Penn Tool Co NJ Nanoscience Instruments AZ Weighing/Scales CSC Force Measurement Inc MA TA Instruments DE Optical Property Measurement Taber Industries NY Mettler-Toledo Inc OH Instruments Penn Tool Co NJ Microscopes, Hot Stages Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Carl Zeiss MircoImaging Inc NY Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India pH Meters TA Instruments DE Horiba Instruments Inc CA Mettler-Toledo Inc OH Microscopes, Interference Ocean Optics Inc FL Buehler Ltd IL See ad on pg 99 Carl Zeiss MircoImaging Inc NY Porosimeters Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA Microscopes, Other Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Quantachrome Instruments FL Allied High Tech Products Inc CA Carl Zeiss MircoImaging Inc NY Powders Samplers Nanoscience Instruments AZ Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC TA Instruments DE Quantachrome Instruments FL

100 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 LABORATORY SERVICES

n LABORATORY SERVICES Atomic Adsorption Spectrochemical Laboratories PA

Auger Analysis Evans Analytical Group LLC CA High Temperature Materials Lab TN Micron Inc DE

Chemical Analysis Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Evans Analytical Group LLC CA Geller Microanalytical Laboratory Inc MA H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ ELEBRATING Hindalco Industries Limited India C VERDER SCIENTIFIC INC. Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel YEARs CELEBRATES 20TH ANNIVERSARY Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan SCIENCE Lucideon UK NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden FOR SOLIDS Setaram Instrumentation France Technology of Materials CA HEAT TREATMENT Are you looking for innovative, efficient Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS solutions for your ceramic production process? MATERIALOGRAPHY & Particle Size and Shape Analysis, Elemental Analysis, Heat Treatment, Microstructural Clay Testing HARDNESS TESTING Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Analysis and Hardness Testing – the Verder MILLING & SIEVING Scientific companies offer high-quality Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH PARTICLE solutions combined with expert advice and Imerys GA CHARACTERIZATION support service worldwide. Laguna Clay Co CA Technology of Materials CA Phone: +1 866-473-8724 · [email protected]· www.verder-scientific.com Composition Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Alfred University NY CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO VSc_Advert-GB-USA-3.25x4.875_CeramicSociety.indd 1 21.10.2020 12:01:27 Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan P-Ker Engineering NY A Wide Array of Solutions for Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 Ceramics Research and Production Viridis3D LLC MA

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 101 LABORATORY SERVICES

Differential Thermal Analysis H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ P-Ker Engineering NY Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 SEMTech Solutions Inc UK AVEKA MN Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Technology of Materials CA Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Evans Analytical Group LLC CA High Temperature Materials Lab TN Pore Structure Analysis Hindalco Industries Limited India GrainBound LLC PA Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Micron Inc DE www.harropusa.com Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA Netzsch Instruments NA LLC MA Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden High Temperature Materials Lab TN P-Ker Engineering NY Setaram Instrumentation France Hysitron Inc MN Quantachrome Instruments FL TA Instruments DE Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan SEMTech Solutions Inc UK Technology of Materials CA Jenike & Johanson Inc MA JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY Residual Stress Analysis Electron Microprobe Analysis Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA American Stress Technologies Inc PA Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Micron Inc DE High Temperature Materials Lab TN GrainBound LLC PA Monofrax LLC NY Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan High Temperature Materials Lab TN NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 TA Instruments DE Micron Inc DE RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst NY SEMTech Solutions Inc UK Scanning Electron Microscopy Technology of Materials CA Setaram Instrumentation France Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Spectrochemical Laboratories PA Alfred University NY Failure Analysis Technology of Materials CA AVEKA MN CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO CMC Laboratories Inc AZ CoorsTek CO CoorsTek CO Mechanical Properties Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Evans Analytical Group LLC CA Geller Microanalytical Laboratory Inc MA Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ GrainBound LLC PA H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ Alfred University NY H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ High Temperature Materials Lab TN BuzzMac Intl LLC ME High Temperature Materials Lab TN Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Micron Inc DE Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 High Temperature Materials Lab TN Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst NY Hysitron Inc MN RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan SEMTech Solutions Inc UK TA Instruments DE Technology of Materials CA Taber Industries NY Hitachi High Technologies America, Inc Fracture Analysis Nondestructive Testing See ad on pg 101 CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO SEMTech Solutions Inc UK Hindalco Industries Limited India CoorsTek CO Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel High Temperature Materials Lab TN Optical Properties Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY JTF Microscopy Services, LLC NY CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Micron Inc DE Micron Inc DE Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst NY NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst NY Particle-Size Analysis SEMTech Solutions Inc UK RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Technology of Materials CA SEMTech Solutions Inc UK AVEKA MN Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY Spectrochemical Laboratories PA CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Custom Processing Services PA Spectroscopy Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Materials Analysis Cyclonaire Corp NE CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Geller Microanalytical Laboratory Inc MA CoorsTek CO Alfred University NY H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Evans Analytical Group LLC CA Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 CSC Force Measurement Inc MA GrainBound LLC PA Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Micron Inc DE Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA Micron Inc DE NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Spectrochemical Laboratories PA NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Surface-Area Analysis AVEKA MN Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Hindalco Industries Limited India Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH The Leader in Independent Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Elan Technology GA Particle Characterization Services Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA Evans Analytical Group LLC CA NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Geller Microanalytical Laboratory Inc MA (630) 969-2703 ParticleTechLabs.com Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 GrainBound LLC PA Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Quantachrome Instruments FL

102 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 MATERIALS PREPARATION, HANDLING & PACKAGING

RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden n MATERIALS PREPARATION, SEMTech Solutions Inc UK HANDLING & PACKAGING Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Agglomerators Applicon Co IN Thermal Analysis Lancaster Products PA Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Littleford Day Inc MI Alfred University NY AVEKA MN Bagging Equipment CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Applicon Co IN Hitachi High Technologies America, Inc Datapaq Inc NH See ad on pg 101 Cyclonaire Corp NE High Temperature Materials Lab TN Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Lancaster Products PA Micron Inc DE Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Barcode Labels Tribological Studies Rockwell Automation, Inc WI High Temperature Materials Lab TN Applicon Co IN Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Carolina Material Technologies NC Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Micron Inc DE Cyclonaire Corp NE Evans Analytical Group LLC CA Taber Industries NY General Glass Equipment Co NJ Harper International Corp NY See ad on pg 77 Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 X-Ray Diffraction Laguna Clay Co CA Lancaster Products PA Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada Alfred University NY Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 American Stress Technologies Inc PA Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Evans Analytical Group LLC CA Young Industries Inc PA www.harropusa.com GrainBound LLC PA Batching Equipment H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 High Temperature Materials Lab TN High Temperature Materials Lab TN Hindalco Industries Limited India Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Mettler-Toledo Inc OH Micron Inc DE Micron Inc DE Netzsch Instruments NA LLC MA NSL Analytical Services Inc OH See ad on pg 75 Technology of Materials CA Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 513-231-7432 • ingredientmasters.com Washington Mills Electro Minerals Co NY P-Ker Engineering NY Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Setaram Instrumentation France X-Ray Fluorescence TA Instruments DE CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Batching Plants & Systems Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Applicon Co IN H&M Analytical Services Inc NJ Transmission Electron Microscopy Cyclonaire Corp NE Spectrochemical Laboratories PA EIRICH Machines, Inc IL Evans Analytical Group LLC CA Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 GrainBound LLC PA Reduce Labor For Your Batching Operation!

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 103 MATERIALS PREPARATION, HANDLING & PACKAGING

Lancaster Products PA Conveyors, Pneumatic Dryers, Fluid Bed Mixer Systems Inc WI Applicon Co IN Applicon Co IN Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Carolina Material Technologies NC AVEKA MN Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Cyclonaire Corp NE Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Dryers, Rotating Tray Belts, Elevator Velco GmbH The Netherlands Raymond Bartlett Snow Carolina Material Technologies NC Wyssmont Co NJ Conveyors, Screw Bin Activators Applicon Co IN Dust Collectors Carolina Material Technologies NC Carolina Material Technologies NC Cyclonaire Corp NE Cyclonaire Corp NE Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Bin Dischargers Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 RoboVent MI Applicon Co IN Mixer Systems Inc WI Carolina Material Technologies NC Dust Control Equipment Cyclonaire Corp NE Conveyors, Vibrating Carolina Material Technologies NC Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Applicon Co IN Mixer Systems Inc WI Carolina Material Technologies NC Penn Tool Co NJ Bins, Storage OH Vibrator Co OH RoboVent MI Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Young Industries Inc PA Jenike & Johanson Inc MA Crushers Mixer Systems Inc WI Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Edge Protectors Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN AVEKA MN Tempo Plastic CA Penn Tool Co NJ Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Tempo Plastic CA Detroit Process Machinery MI Electric Screen Heating Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Midwestern Industries Inc OH Blenders Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Applicon Co IN Environmental/Waste Treatment Lancaster Products PA Cyclonaire Corp NE Equipment Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Detroit Process Machinery MI Carolina Material Technologies NC Stedman Machine Co IN EIRICH Machines, Inc IL Cober Muegge LLC CT Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO Gasbarre Products Inc PA See ad on pg 95 Control Instruments Corp NJ Wyssmont Co NJ Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Mixer Systems Inc WI Laguna Clay Co CA Crushers, Hammermill Lancaster Products PA OPF Enterprises TX AVEKA MN Littleford Day Inc MI Oxy-Gon Industries Inc NH See ad on pg 89 Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Mixer Systems Inc WI Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Stedman Machine Co IN Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Young Industries Inc PA Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Young Industries Inc PA Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO Feeders Wyssmont Co NJ Briquetting & Tableting Equipment Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Carolina Material Technologies NC Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Crushers, Impact Applicon Co IN Applicon Co IN Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Refractory Mixers Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 By: Stedman Machine Co IN Classifiers Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO EZG Applicon Co IN Wyssmont Co NJ Manufacturing AVEKA MN 1-800-417-9272 / [email protected] Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Crushers, Jaw Fully Customizable, Made in the USA Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Applicon Co IN Raymond Bartlett Snow Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany EZG Manufacturing Inc OH Inside front cover Young Industries Inc PA Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC OH Vibrator Co OH Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Conveyors Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Basic Machinery Co Inc NC General Glass Equipment Co NJ Carolina Material Technologies NC Crushers, Primary Jenike & Johanson Inc MA General Glass Equipment Co NJ Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Stedman Machine Co IN Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Young Industries Inc PA Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Crushers, Roll Feeders, Batch Velco GmbH The Netherlands Applicon Co IN Applicon Co IN Young Industries Inc PA Carolina Material Technologies NC Lancaster Products PA Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO Conveyors, Belt Merkle International Inc IL

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104 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 MATERIALS PREPARATION, HANDLING & PACKAGING

Feeders, Pneumatic Materials Handling Equipment Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Carolina Material Technologies NC Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Hockmeyer Equipment Corp NC Cyclonaire Corp NE Carolina Material Technologies NC Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Cyclonaire Corp NE Raymond Bartlett Snow Stedman Machine Co IN Filters Refractory Mixers Union Process OH Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada By: Mills, Attritor Granulators EZG Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Manufacturing Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Custom Processing Services PA Applicon Co IN 1-800-417-9272 / [email protected] Detroit Process Machinery MI Fully Customizable, Made in the USA Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Littleford Day Inc MI Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA EZG Manufacturing Inc OH Inside front cover Union Process OH Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Gasbarre Products Inc PA See ad on pg 95 Wyssmont Co NJ Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Lancaster Products PA Wyssmont Co NJ Mixer Systems Inc WI Mills, Ball & Pebble Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Grinders Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI North Star Equipment Inc WA Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Buehler Ltd IL See ad on pg 99 Penn Tool Co NJ Detroit Process Machinery MI Diamond Industrial Tools Inc IL Reed Gunite & Shotcrete Equipment CA ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Tempo Plastic CA Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Young Industries Inc PA Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Haiku Tech Inc FL Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Mill Linings Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Stedman Machine Co IN CerCo LLC OH MSE Supplies AZ Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Wyssmont Co NJ Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India Raymond Bartlett Snow Union Process OH Grinding Media Mills CerCo LLC OH Custom Processing Services PA Mills, Centrifugal CoorsTek CO ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Federal-Mogul MI Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India MSE Supplies AZ Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Union Process OH Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Zircoa Inc OH

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Impeller, Mixing Lancaster Products PA Mixer Systems Inc WI

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 105 MATERIALS PREPARATION, HANDLING & PACKAGING

Mills, Hammer OPF Enterprises TX Littleford Day Inc MI AVEKA MN Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Mixer Systems Inc WI Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Stedman Machine Co IN Mixers, Drum Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 OPF Enterprises TX Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO Hockmeyer Equipment Corp NC Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Resodyn Acoustic Mixers Inc MT Mills, Jar Mixers, Pneumatic Young Industries Inc PA Detroit Process Machinery MI Carolina Material Technologies NC Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany EIRICH Machines, Inc IL Nozzles Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN CerCo LLC OH Dunhua Zhengxing Abrasive Co Ltd China Mills, Jet Mixers, Portable H.C. Starck GmbH Germany AVEKA MN Jiffy Mixer Co Inc CA Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Mixer Systems Inc WI Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Packaging Tempo Plastic CA Mills, Planetary Mixers, Refractory Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Applicon Co IN Packaging Equipment Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC EIRICH Machines, Inc IL Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Hockmeyer Equipment Corp NC MSE Supplies AZ Refractory Mixers Pneumatic Systems Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 By: Applicon Co IN Carolina Material Technologies NC Mills, Rod EZG Cyclonaire Corp NE Manufacturing Wyssmont Co NJ Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN 1-800-417-9272 / [email protected] Reed Gunite & Shotcrete Equipment CA Mills, Roll Fully Customizable, Made in the USA Velco GmbH The Netherlands Young Industries Inc PA Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands EZG Manufacturing Inc OH Inside front cover Haiku Tech Inc FL Laeis GmbH Luxembourg MSE Supplies AZ Lancaster Products PA Process Control Equipment Raymond Bartlett Snow Littleford Day Inc MI Control Instruments Corp NJ Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO Mixer Systems Inc WI Datapaq Inc NH Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA General Glass Equipment Co NJ Mills, Vibratory Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Ingredient Masters Inc OH See ad on pg 103 Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Reed Gunite & Shotcrete Equipment CA Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC norcross Viscosity Controls MI Mixers, Vacuum Ram Products Inc OH Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Mining & Beneficiation Equipment Applicon Co IN Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA EIRICH Machines, Inc IL Reed Gunite & Shotcrete Equipment CA Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA Pulverizers Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Mixing Equipment Applicon Co IN Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Mixers, Batch Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Carolina Material Technologies NC Carolina Material Technologies NC Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Custom Processing Services PA Custom Processing Services PA EIRICH Machines, Inc IL Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 BUYING AND SELLING Mixer Systems Inc WI Refractory Mixers Huge Inventory in our Detroit Stedman Machine Co IN By: Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO EZG Michigan warehouse Wyssmont Co NJ Manufacturing Pumps 1-800-417-9272 / [email protected] www.detroitprocessmachinery.com ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Fully Customizable, Made in the USA Ram Products Inc OH Detroit Process Machinery MI Reed Gunite & Shotcrete Equipment CA EZG Manufacturing Inc OH Inside front cover EIRICH Machines, Inc IL ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Pumps, Concrete General Glass Equipment Co NJ Reed Gunite & Shotcrete Equipment CA

Scale Systems CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Mettler-Toledo Inc OH Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN

Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Screens & Screening Equipment Goceram AB Sweden Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Lancaster Products PA Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Mixer Systems Inc WI Goceram AB Sweden OH Vibrator Co OH Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Hockmeyer Equipment Corp NC Control Instruments Corp NJ Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Laguna Clay Co CA Detroit Process Machinery MI Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Lancaster Products PA Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany

106 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 PLANT CONSTRUCTION, DESIGN & ENGINEERING

Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Wire Cloth Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Midwestern Industries Inc OH Midwestern Industries Inc OH Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Sicco Engineering Works India n PLANT CONSTRUCTION, DESIGN & ENGINEERING Separators Brick Production Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Midwestern Industries Inc OH Laeis GmbH Luxembourg Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Reed Gunite & Shotcrete Equipment CA Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Casting Plants Vacuum Cleaning Systems Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Dorst America Inc PA Carolina Material Technologies NC Stedman Machine Co IN ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO Ventilating Equipment Ceramic Production American Art Clay Co Inc IN Single-Wafer Packs Cerinnov France Tempo Plastic CA Cerlase France Vibrators GrainBound LLC PA Size Reduction Equipment Carolina Material Technologies NC Lucideon UK OH Vibrator Co OH AVEKA MN Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Custom Processing Services PA Vibrators, Bin Viridis3D LLC MA EIRICH Machines, Inc IL Carolina Material Technologies NC ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH OH Vibrator Co OH Combustion Systems Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Cyclonaire Corp NE Air Products PA Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Weighing Equipment Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Glen Mills Inc NJ See ad on pg 43 Carolina Material Technologies NC Lancaster Products PA CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Decals & Decorating Netzsch Premier Technologies LLC PA Cyclonaire Corp NE Cerinnov France Raymond Bartlett Snow Mettler-Toledo Inc OH Cerlase France Stedman Machine Co IN Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Union Process OH Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Williams Patent Crusher & Pulverizer Co Inc MO Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Wyssmont Co NJ

Spray Dryers Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI Arch Maintenance Services GA AVEKA MN Detroit Process Machinery MI Dorst America Inc PA Elan Technology GA Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Mohr Corp MI See ad on pg 79 Spray Drying Systems Inc MD

Storage Equipment Basic Machinery Co Inc NC Cyclonaire Corp NE

Substrate Wafer Trays Tempo Plastic CA

Used Equipment Aadvanced Machinery Inc MI American Isostatic Presses OH BUYING AND SELLING Huge Inventory in our Detroit Michigan warehouse

www.detroitprocessmachinery.com

Detroit Process Machinery MI Dorst America Inc PA

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 107 PORCELAIN ENAMEL

Drying & Firing Whiteware Production Basic Machinery Co Inc NC LIXIL Corporation Japan Zircar Zirconia, Inc. Ceramic Services Inc PA Ram Products Inc OH Manufacturing High Temperature Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Fibrous Ceramic Insulation Using the Original ZIRCAR Process [email protected] n PORCELAIN ENAMEL (845) 651-3040 Appliances www.zircarzirconia.com Roca Sanitario SA Spain Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Zenith China www.harropusa.com Architectural Units Anchors Harrop Industries Inc OH See ad on pg 58 Roca Sanitario SA Spain Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA See ad on pg 65 Zenith China Wistra GmbH Germany Magneco Metrel Inc IL Ceramic Coatings, Thermal Protection Electronic Materials Production Arches, Suspended Cerinnov France Haiku Tech Europe BV The Netherlands Fosbel Inc OH Cerlase France Haiku Tech Inc FL Ipsen Ceramics IL Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Trans-Tech Inc, a subsidiary of Skyworks Solutions Inc MD Merkle International Inc IL Zenith China Environmental Control AZS Cyclonaire Corp NE n REFRACTORIES Bucher Emhart Glass SA Switzerland Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Acid Fosbel Inc OH Mixer Systems Inc WI Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Magneco Metrel Inc IL Nol-Tec Systems Inc MN Magneco Metrel Inc IL Monofrax LLC NY RoboVent MI Pacific Refractories Ltd India RHI US Ltd NY Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Vitcas Ltd UK Saint-Gobain norPro OH Backwalls Tri-Mer Corp MI Aggregate Fosbel Inc OH Christy Minerals LLC MO Merkle International Inc IL Fabrication Shops Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc MA Magneco Metrel Inc IL Basic Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Maryland Refractories Co OH Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Glass Production Alumina Magneco Metrel Inc IL CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Advanced Ceramic Technology CA RHI US Ltd NY General Glass Equipment Co NJ Allied Mineral Products Inc OH RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Bauxite Refratechnik Ceramics GmbH Germany Schott North America Inc NY See ad on pg 41 See ad on pg 65 Tri-Mer Corp MI Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Baikowski Malakoff Inc NC Blankets Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc PA Inspection Systems Bucher Emhart Glass SA Switzerland Ceramco Inc NH See ad on pg 65 CSC Force Measurement Inc MA CeramTec-ETEC Germany Morgan Thermal Ceramics GA Fosbel Inc OH Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India RHI US Ltd NY Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Thermal Products Co Inc GA Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 Unifrax I LLC NY ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Laboratories Fosbel Inc OH Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY Activation Laboratories Ltd Canada General Material Industrial Co China Zircar Zirconia Inc NY GrainBound LLC PA Optical-Fiber Production IPS Ceramics LTD UK Boards Ocean Optics Inc FL Ipsen Ceramics IL Agni Fiber Boards Pvt Ltd India Magneco Metrel Inc IL Morgan Thermal Ceramics GA Refractory Production Maryland Refractories Co OH RHI US Ltd NY ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Pacific Refractories Ltd India Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Fosbel Inc OH Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Thermal Products Co Inc GA Laeis GmbH Luxembourg Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Unifrax I LLC NY Laguna Clay Co CA Rath Inc DE Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Refractory Minerals Co Inc PA RHI US Ltd NY Structural Ceramics Production Refratechnik Ceramics GmbH Germany CerCo LLC OH Riverside Refractories Inc AL High Temperature Fibrous Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Selee Corp NC Swindell Dressler Intl Co PA Sunrock Ceramics Co IL Ceramic Materials Takasago Industry Co Ltd Japan Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada www.zircarceramics.com TevTech LLC MA See ad on pg 83 Wistra GmbH Germany ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY See ad on pg 93 Tile Production Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Laeis GmbH Luxembourg ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY LIXIL Corporation Japan Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY Brick Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA APF Recycling Inc OH Cancarb Limited Canada

108 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 REFRACTORIES

General Material Industrial Co China Coatings Crucibles HarbisonWalker Intl PA Allied Mineral Products Inc OH AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Insulating Firebrick Inc PA Aremco Products Inc NY Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Morgan Thermal Ceramics GA Elcon Precision LLC CA See ad on pg 107 APC International Ltd PA Pacific Refractories Ltd India Fosbel Inc OH Aremco Products Inc NY Refratechnik Ceramics GmbH Germany Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY RHI US Ltd NY Fusion Ceramics Inc OH Bucher Emhart Glass SA Switzerland Sunrock Ceramics Co IL Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd UK Ceramco Inc NH Wistra GmbH Germany Induceramic Canada CeramTec-ETEC Germany Magneco Metrel Inc IL Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Brick, Acid-Resisting Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Pacific Refractories Ltd India Rath Inc DE Ipsen Ceramics IL Vitcas Ltd UK Riverside Refractories Inc AL LECO Corp MI Starfire Systems Inc NY Magneco Metrel Inc IL Brick, Fireclay Thermal Products Co Inc GA McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Unifrax I LLC NY See ad on pg 61 Alsey Refractories Co MO Vitcas Ltd UK Progressive Technology Inc CA Pacific Refractories Ltd India Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Selee Corp NC RHI US Ltd NY Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Vitcas Ltd UK ZYP Coatings Inc TN Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Zircoa Inc OH Carbon Cordierite Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Dead-Burned Cancarb Limited Canada Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Pacific Refractories Ltd India Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Castable CoorsTek CO Fiber Products Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Alsey Refractories Co MO ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Aremco Products Inc NY Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Cancarb Limited Canada IPS Ceramics LTD UK Capital Refractories Ltd UK Maryland Refractories Co OH Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Rauschert Industries Inc GA See ad on pg 69 HarbisonWalker Intl PA Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Magneco Metrel Inc IL Pacific Refractories Ltd India

Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan Reno Refractories Inc AL RHI US Ltd NY Riverside Refractories Inc AL Selee Corp NC Vitcas Ltd UK Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY

Cements Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Aremco Products Inc NY Capital Refractories Ltd UK Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Gorka Cement Poland Kerneos Inc VA Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Reno Refractories Inc AL Unifrax I LLC NY Vitcas Ltd UK ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Zircar Zirconia Inc NY

Clay Flux Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Peter Pugger Mfg Inc CA RHI US Ltd NY

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 109 REFRACTORIES

RHI US Ltd NY On-Site Inventory • Real-Time Delivery • Engineering Expertise Grog Alsey Refractories Co MO Thermal Products Co Inc GA Maryland Refractories Co OH Unifrax I LLC NY Vesuvius SC Gunning Wistra GmbH Germany Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Blastcrete Equipment Co AL Capital Refractories Ltd UK Fosbel Inc OH Chiz Bros. Inc See ad pg 109 Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Furnace Products & Services Inc PA High Temperature Fibrous Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan LECO Corp MI Ceramic Materials Reno Refractories Inc AL Thermal Products Co Inc GA Riverside Refractories Inc AL www.zircarceramics.com Unifrax I LLC NY Unifrax I LLC NY Vitcas Ltd UK ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Velco GmbH The Netherlands Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY

High-Alumina Zircar Zirconia, Inc. Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Manufacturing High Temperature Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Fibrous Ceramic Insulation High Temperature Fibrous Applied Ceramics Inc CA Using the Original ZIRCAR Process Ceramic Materials Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China [email protected] www.zircarceramics.com Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY (845) 651-3040 Bucher Emhart Glass SA Switzerland www.zircarzirconia.com ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Ceramco Inc NH Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Zircar Zirconia Inc NY CeramTec-ETEC Germany Custom Processing Services PA Fillers Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Insulation Board Refratechnik Ceramics GmbH Germany ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Agni Fiber Boards Pvt Ltd India Fosbel Inc OH Thermal Products Co Inc GA Filters, Molten Metal IPS Ceramics LTD UK Unifrax I LLC NY Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH Ipsen Ceramics IL ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Induceramic Canada LECO Corp MI Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Magneco Metrel Inc IL Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Selee Corp NC Maryland Refractories Co OH Monofrax LLC NY Insulation Slabs, Calcium Silicate Foundry Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Capital Refractories Ltd UK Rath Inc DE Insulation Slabs, Vermiculite Fosbel Inc OH RHI US Ltd NY Insulating Firebrick Inc PA H.C. Starck GmbH Germany Riverside Refractories Inc AL Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Selee Corp NC Insulation, Microporous Ipsen Ceramics IL Sunrock Ceramics Co IL Furnace Products & Services Inc PA LECO Corp MI Tethon 3D NE Thermal Products Co Inc GA Magneco Metrel Inc IL Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Unifrax I LLC NY Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 See ad on pg 93 ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Riverside Refractories Inc AL Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Selee Corp NC ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Kiln Car Insulation Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY Refratechnik Ceramics GmbH Germany Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY Sunrock Ceramics Co IL Insulating Brick Thermal Products Co Inc GA Fused Cast Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Fosbel Inc OH Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Furnace Products & Services Inc PA General Material Industrial Co China Kiln Furniture Monofrax LLC NY Insulating Firebrick Inc PA Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Laguna Clay Co CA American Art Clay Co Inc IN PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Fused Spinel Refractories RHI US Ltd NY Ceramco Inc NH Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Zircoa Inc OH Induceramic Canada Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Glass Furnace Insulation Ipsen Ceramics IL Deltech Inc CO See ad on pg 85 Agni Fiber Boards Pvt Ltd India L&L Kiln Mfg Inc NJ Fosbel Inc OH Capital Refractories Ltd UK Laguna Clay Co CA Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Du-Co Ceramics Company PA Magneco Metrel Inc IL HarbisonWalker Intl PA Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Nutec Bickley Mexico Ipsen Ceramics IL General Material Industrial Co China Paragon Industries LP TX Magneco Metrel Inc IL HarbisonWalker Intl PA PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada RHI US Ltd NY Induceramic Canada Refratechnik Ceramics GmbH Germany RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 RHI US Ltd NY Vesuvius SC Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA PSH Kilns & Furnaces Canada Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Graphite Rath Inc DE Refractories MA Applied Ceramics Inc CA Refratechnik Ceramics GmbH Germany Selee Corp NC Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Reno Refractories Inc AL Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY

110 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 REFRACTORIES

Nozzles LECO Corp MI Sunrock Ceramics Company Advanced Ceramic Technology CA McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA See ad on pg 61 Industrial High-Temperature Solutions Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Blastcrete Equipment Co AL Refractories MA American manufacturer of pressed CeramTec-ETEC Germany Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY and cast high alumina kiln furniture FELDCO Intl CA Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Rollers www.sunrockceramics.com Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India Keith Co CA LECO Corp MI Sunrock Ceramics Co IL Recco Furnaces CA Magneco Metrel Inc IL Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Reed Gunite & Shotcrete Equipment CA Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY Refractories MA Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Zircoa Inc OH Refractories MA Saggers Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Magnesite AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Allied Mineral Products Inc OH See ad on pg 93 Ceramco Inc NH Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Zircoa Inc OH Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India IPS Ceramics LTD UK Fluid Energy Processing & Equipment Co PA Paper Ipsen Ceramics IL LECO Corp MI Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Thermal Products Co Inc GA Magneco Metrel Inc IL RHI US Ltd NY Unifrax I LLC NY Selee Corp NC ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Sunrock Ceramics Co IL Monolithic Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Setters Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Plastic AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Cancarb Limited Canada Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Ceramco Inc NH Capital Refractories Ltd UK Ceramco Inc NH Furnace Products & Services Inc PA Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Magneco Metrel Inc IL Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Ipsen Ceramics IL Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan LECO Corp MI Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan RHI US Ltd NY Magneco Metrel Inc IL RHI US Ltd NY Riverside Refractories Inc AL Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Riverside Refractories Inc AL Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics MA Precast Shapes Refractories MA Selee Corp NC Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Selee Corp NC Zili USA LLC PA Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Sunrock Ceramics Co IL Bucher Emhart Glass SA Switzerland Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Mortars Capital Refractories Ltd UK Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Ceramco Inc NH Silica Alsey Refractories Co MO CeramTec-ETEC Germany Allied Mineral Products Inc OH CoorsTek CO Fosbel Inc OH Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Monofrax LLC NY Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Magneco Metrel Inc IL Pacific Refractories Ltd India Bucher Emhart Glass SA Switzerland Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan Fosbel Inc OH Refratechnik Ceramics GmbH Germany Ipsen Ceramics IL Reno Refractories Inc AL Maryland Refractories Co OH RHI US Ltd NY RHI US Ltd NY Riverside Refractories Inc AL Selee Corp NC Vitcas Ltd UK Sibelco Benelux Belgium

Mullite Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Silicon Carbide Advanced Ceramic Technology CA Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Akron Porcelain & Plastics Co OH RHI US Ltd NY Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Riverside Refractories Inc AL Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Selee Corp NC Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Atlantic Equipment Engineers NJ Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Cancarb Limited Canada Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd NY Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY CoorsTek CO Bucher Emhart Glass SA Switzerland Custom Processing Services PA Ceramco Inc NH Ramming Mixes Electro Abrasives Corp NY CeramTec-ETEC Germany Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Fosbel Inc OH Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Alsey Refractories Co MO IPS Ceramics LTD UK ER Advanced Ceramics Inc OH Monofrax LLC NY Magneco Metrel Inc IL Fosbel Inc OH Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Momentive Performance Materials Inc NY General Material Industrial Co China Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan Plibrico Company IL See ad on pg 105 Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH RHI US Ltd NY Plibrico Japan Co Ltd Japan IPS Ceramics LTD UK Riverside Refractories Inc AL Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA Magneco Metrel Inc IL Selee Corp NC Reade Advanced Materials RI McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & See ad on pg 61 Rods Refractories MA Reade Advanced Materials RI AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 Selee Corp NC RHI US Ltd NY Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Robocasting Enterprises LLC NM CerCo LLC OH Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Unifrax I LLC NY Du-Co Ceramics Company PA See ad on pg 93 Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 111 RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS

Specialty Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India n TESTING/EVALUATION Allied Mineral Products Inc OH Fosbel Inc OH INSTRUMENTS & EQUIPMENT Alsey Refractories Co MO Lithoz GmbH NY Acoustic Instruments Blasch Precision Ceramics Inc NY Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc CA BuzzMac Intl LLC ME Bucher Emhart Glass SA Switzerland Refractron Technologies Corp NY James Instruments IL Ceramco Inc NH RHI US Ltd NY Matmatch Germany CeramTec-ETEC Germany Selee Corp NC CoorsTek CO Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Chemical Analysis Instruments Goceram AB Sweden Xiamen Innovacera Advanced Materials Co Ltd China Ocean Optics Inc FL Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH See ad on pg 93 Magneco Metrel Inc IL Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Zibo Guangtong Chemical Co Ltd China Color Measurement Equipment McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC PA HunterLab VA See ad on pg 61 Lucideon UK Refrac Systems AZ Zircar Zirconia, Inc. Riverside Refractories Inc AL Manufacturing High Temperature Compression Testing Equipment Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Fibrous Ceramic Insulation Using the Original ZIRCAR Process Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Tap Hole Clays [email protected] Applied Test Systems Inc PA CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Cancarb Limited Canada (845) 651-3040 Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Riverside Refractories Inc AL www.zircarzirconia.com Vitcas Ltd UK Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Computer Software Zircoa Inc OH Textile Applied Test Systems Inc PA CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands On-Site Inventory • Real-Time Delivery • Engineering Expertise n RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Academic Datapaq Inc NH General Glass Equipment Co NJ Alfred University NY Applied Research Center SC Cerinnov France Cerlase France Inst for Applied Materials-Ceramics in Mechanical Engineering, Karlsruhe Inst of Technology Germany Chiz Bros. Inc See ad pg 109 Thermal Products Co Inc GA Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel ZIRCAR Ceramics Inc NY Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Mexico Zircar Zirconia Inc NY Certification, ISO Object Research Systems Inc Canada Tubes GE Global Research NY See ad on pg 81 Lucideon UK Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Government Contract/Independent Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ Couplants, Ultrasonic Instruments Applied Research Center SC James Instruments IL CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute UK Density Analyzers Ceramitec Germany Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA AdValue Technology LLC AZ See ad on pg 43 CHEMIR - A Division of Evans Analytical Group MO Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Bucher Emhart Glass SA Switzerland GE Global Research NY Quantachrome Instruments FL Ceramco Inc NH Inst for Applied Materials-Ceramics in Mechanical RocCera LLC NY Engineering, Karlsruhe Inst of Technology Germany CeramTec-ETEC Germany Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst Israel Industrial Ceramic Products Inc OH Differential Scanning Calorimetry Japan Fine Ceramics Center Japan Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt Ltd India Instruments Korea Inst of Industrial Technology The Republic of Korea LECO Corp MI Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Lucideon UK Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics & Datapaq Inc NH Maryland Ceramic & Steatite Co Inc MD Refractories MA Linseis Inc NJ Sandia National Laboratories NM Silicon Carbide Products Inc NY Netzsch Instruments NA LLC MA Texers Technical Ceramics Inc Canada Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Zhengzhou Mission Ceramic Products Co Ltd China Setaram Instrumentation France Zircar Refractory Composites Inc NY TA Instruments DE

Zircon Differential Thermal Analysis Custom Processing Services PA Instruments Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Linseis Inc NJ Fosbel Inc OH Neoptix Canada RHI US Ltd NY Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd Japan Netzsch Instruments NA LLC MA Vitcas Ltd UK See ad on pg 91 Setaram Instrumentation France Zircoa Inc OH SRI International CA TA Instruments DE Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) MD Zirconia Viridis3D LLC MA Dilatometers Astral Material Industrial Co Ltd China Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH Ceramco Inc NH Haiku Tech Inc FL CeramTec-ETEC Germany Linseis Inc NJ CerCo LLC OH Netzsch Instruments NA LLC MA CoorsTek CO TA Instruments DE Custom Processing Services PA

112 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 TESTING/EVALUATION INSTRUMENTS & EQUIPMENT

Dye Penetrant Equipment & Supplies Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India TA Instruments DE RocCera LLC NY Datapaq Inc NH Thermal Wave Imaging Inc MI Spectronics Corp NY ETher NDE UK James Instruments IL Thermal Imaging Eddy-Current Testing Instruments Nanoscience Instruments AZ CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands ETher NDE UK Spectronics Corp NY Neoptix Canada Thermal Wave Imaging Inc MI Thermal Wave Imaging Inc MI Electrochemical Analysis Instruments Gamry Instruments PA Oxygen Analyzers Thermogravimetric Analysis Haiku Tech Inc FL Ocean Optics Inc FL Instruments Nanoscience Instruments AZ Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 BuzzMac Intl LLC ME Ocean Optics Inc FL LECO Corp MI Particle Size Analysis Instruments Linseis Inc NJ Electromechanical Analysis Instruments Brookhaven Instruments Corp NY Mettler-Toledo Inc OH APC International Ltd PA Cilas Particle Size WI Netzsch Instruments NA LLC MA CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Setaram Instrumentation France James Instruments IL Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany TA Instruments DE norECs AS Norway Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Horiba Instruments Inc CA Thermomechanical Analysis Electronic Analysis Instruments Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA Instruments ETher NDE UK Microtrac Inc PA Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation OH James Instruments IL Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Linseis Inc NJ Quantachrome UK- Anton Paar VA Optocon AG Germany Flexural Analysis Instruments Verder Scientific Inc PA See ad on pg 101 Setaram Instrumentation France Advanced Ceramics Manufacturing AZ TA Instruments DE RocCera LLC NY Pore Size Analyzers TA Instruments DE Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Ultrasonic Instruments Taber Industries NY Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA APC International Ltd PA Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 James Instruments IL Gas Analysis Instruments Quantachrome Instruments FL APC International Ltd PA CelSian Glass & Solar BV The Netherlands James Instruments IL Control Instruments Corp NJ Pressure Sensors Technisonic Research Inc CT Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Rockwell Automation, Inc WI Horiba Instruments Inc CA Siemens Process Industries and Drives GA Visual & Optical Testers Ocean Optics Inc FL Haiku Tech Inc FL Setaram Instrumentation France Raman Spectroscopy Instruments Optocon AG Germany Horiba Instruments Inc CA Penn Tool Co NJ Image Analysis Instruments Ocean Optics Inc FL RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, RISE Glass Sweden Buehler Ltd IL See ad on pg 99 TA Instruments DE Carl Zeiss MircoImaging Inc NY Sonic Testing Taber Industries NY Cilas Particle Size WI James Instruments IL Fritsch Milling & Sizing Inc NC Penn Tool Co NJ X-Ray Diffraction Instruments Horiba Instruments Inc CA American Stress Technologies Inc PA LECO Corp MI Spectroscopy Instruments Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA Cilas Particle Size WI Horiba Instruments Inc CA Nanoscience Instruments AZ Horiba Instruments Inc CA MSE Supplies AZ Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 LECO Corp MI RocCera LLC NY TA Instruments DE Ocean Optics Inc FL Optocon AG Germany X-Ray Instruments Infrared Spectroscopy Instruments American Stress Technologies Inc PA Ocean Optics Inc FL Surface Analysis Instruments Carl Zeiss MircoImaging Inc NY X-Ray Spectroscopy Instruments Interferometers Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Cilas Particle Size WI OptiPro Systems LLC NY Euro Support Advanced Materials The Netherlands Horiba Instruments Inc CA Zeta Potential Analyzers Leak Detectors Hysitron Inc MN Brookhaven Instruments Corp NY Spectronics Corp NY Nanoscience Instruments AZ Cilas Particle Size WI OptiPro Systems LLC NY Fritsch GmbH - Milling and Sizing Germany Microfocus X-Ray Imaging Instruments Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Horiba Instruments Inc CA Quantachrome Instruments FL Horiba Instruments Inc CA Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA Taber Industries NY Particle Technology Labs IL See ad on pg 99 Moisture Analyzers James Instruments IL Tensile Testers Applied Test Systems Inc PA Mettler-Toledo Inc OH CSC Force Measurement Inc MA Micromeritics Instrument Corp GA TA Instruments DE MoistTech Corp FL Ocean Optics Inc FL Penn Tool Co NJ Thermal Diffusivity/Conductivity Quantachrome Instruments FL Analysis Instruments Dalmia Inst of Scientific & Industrial Research India Nondestructive Evaluation Instruments Linseis Inc NJ American Stress Technologies Inc PA Netzsch Instruments NA LLC MA BuzzMac Intl LLC ME Setaram Instrumentation France

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramics.org 113 A123 Systems Inc Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

A123 SYSTEMS INC 734-772-0300 AKRON PORCELAIN & PLASTICS CO 330-745-2159 39000 Seven Mile Rd 2739 Cory Ave Fax: 330-745-6688 Livonia MI 48152 PO Box 15157 Akron OH 44314-0157 http://www.a123systems.com http://akronporcelain.com A TS-16949 and ISO9001-certified supplier of advanced [email protected] lithium-ion cells and systems designed to help customers ADVANCED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY 714-538-2524 quickly and cost-effectively take engineering breakthroughs 803 W Angus Ave Fax: 714-538-2589 Established 1890. Manufactures custom ceramic parts to from conception to commercialization. Orange CA 92868-1307 customers’ specification using compression and injection molding. Produces glazed and unglazed ceramics. Products AADVANCED MACHINERY INC 586-790-1717 http://advancedceramictech.com include special electrical porcelain insulators and refractory 35044 Automation Dr Fax: 586-790-1871 [email protected] shapes. Clinton Township MI 48035 Since 1983, ACT manufactures precision ceramic components ALFA AESAR JOHNSON MATTHEY 888-343-8025 http://aadvancedmach.com to customer specifications. Materials include alumina, zirconia, 2 Radcliff Rd Fax: 978-521-6350 [email protected] glass, ferrite, cordierite, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride. Tewksbury MA 01876 Buy, sell, trade, and liquidate new and rebuilt machinery for the ADVANCED CERAMICS MANUFACTURING http://alfa.com whitewares, refractories, abrasives, dinnerware, structural clay 7800A S Nogales Highway 520-547-0850 [email protected] products, electrical porcelain, and technical ceramics industries. Tucson AZ 85756 Fax: 520-547-0851 Manufactures and supplies complete line of rare-earth oxides ACCCO INC/BURLEY CLAY PRODUCTS CO 740-697-2005 http://www.acmtucson.com and salts for making ceramics, glass, and superconductor- 451 Gordon St [email protected] type materials. Also offers a wide range of chemicals, including inorganic, organic, and precious-metal compounds. Roseville OH 43777 ACM is a supplier of custom technical ceramics, machining http://www.accco-inc.com services, toll firing, and mechanical testing. We have expertise ALFRED UNIVERSITY 607-871-2425 [email protected] in custom formulations: nitrides, carbides, borides, and oxides. Patented gel casting. In addition, we conduct sponsored R&D. 2 Pine St Fax: 607-871-2392 Manufacturer of high quality ceramic products and Alfred NY 14802 consumer-based ceramic products. Mines and processes rich ADVANCED ENERGY 800-446-9167 http://engineering.alfred.edu clay deposits. 1625 Sharp Point Dr Fax: 970-407-5296 [email protected] Fort Collins CO 80525 ACCURATUS CORP 908-213-7070 Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering/New York State College 35 Howard St Fax: 908-213-7069 http://www.advanced-energy.com of Ceramics: BS and MS degrees in ceramic engineering, Phillipsburg NJ 08865 glass, biomaterials, materials science and engineering, and Advanced Energy devoted more than three decades to mechanical engineering. PhD degrees in ceramics, glass, and http://accuratus.com perfecting power-enabling design breakthroughs and driving materials science. [email protected] growth for leading semiconductor and industrial customers. Provides precision ceramic grinding and machining service. ALL WASTE MATTERS 227-280-777 ADVANCED MATERIALS ASSOCIATES 970-453-1221 Unit 1 Joseph Wilson Industrial Estate Offers ceramic component design and material selection 91 Adams Way Cr Ste No 915 assistance. Manufactures Accuflect light-reflecting ceramic. Millstrood Rd PO Box 809 Whitstable CT5 3PS UK Distributes rods and tubes. Breckenridge CO 80242 http://www.allwastematters.co.uk ACTIVATION LABORATORIES LTD 905-648-9611 http://www.advancedmaterialsassoc.com [email protected] 41 Bittern St Fax: 905-648-9613 [email protected] The waste management specialists. Ancaster ON L9H 4V5 Canada Consulting in ceramics, CMCs, MMCs, forming, and synthesis, including hot pressing, sintering, and SPS wear/corrosion/ http://actlabs.com ALLIED HIGH TECH PRODUCTS INC 310-635-2466 [email protected] elevated temperature coating applications and technologies with two companies, and lightweight armor materials and 2376 E Pacifica Pl Fax: 310-762-6808 Contract laboratory for physical, chemical, and failure structures. Rancho Cordova CA 90220 analysis. Exceptionally equipped for complete inorganic and http://alliedhightech.com organic analysis. Methods include most analytical methods AGNI FIBER BOARDS PVT LTD +91 265 264 6121 [email protected] available but also neutron activation and laser ablation high- 990/3/4 GIDC Fax: +91 265 263 4531 Supplies products for metallographic and SEM/TEM sample resolution ICP/MS. Makarpura Vadodara Gujarat preparation, including polishing, grinding and sectioning 390010 India ADAMANT NAMIKI PRECISION JEWEL CO, LTD equipment, and consumables. Online ordering available as 3-8-22 Shinden +81 3-5390-7600 http://www.agnipultrusion.com well as MSDS information and catalog. Adachi-ku Tokyo 123-8511 Japan Fax: +81 3-5390-7650 [email protected] Manufacturer and dealer of high-temperature structural ALLIED MINERAL PRODUCTS 205-338-3366 https://www.ad-na.com/en 201 Truss Ferry Rd Fax: 205-338-7456 [email protected] insulation boards, mold platen insulation boards, and thermal insulation boards for various industrial applications. Pell City AL 35128 Combines the value of core expert precision technologies with http://riversiderefractories.com other values such as advanced development, solutions, quality, AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER CENTER 866-725-7617 [email protected] and reliability to deliver unprecedented value to customers. Technical Information Center Established 1929. Mines and processes gunning fireclay 139 Barnes Dr Ste 2 for steel and foundry markets. Produces taphole clays, ADTECH CERAMICS 423-755-5400 Tyndall AFB FL 32403-5323 511 Manufacturers Rd Fax: 423-755-5438 monolithic refractories, and precast shapes. Offers Chattanooga TN 37405 http://www.afcec.af.mil installation, construction, and maintenance services for a [email protected] wide range of industrial furnaces. http://adtechceramics.com [email protected] The Air Force Civil Engineer Center, headquartered at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, is a 1,900-person primary subordinate ALLIED MINERAL PRODUCTS INC 614-876-0244 Produces custom cofired HTCC (alumina) and AlN unit assigned to Air Force Materiel Command and attached to 2700 Scioto Pkwy Fax: 614-876-0981 microelectronic packaging, ceramic injection molded the Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center-Provisional. Columbus OH 43221-4660 products, and etched metal products for medical, military, The Center is responsible for providing responsive, flexible, http://alliedmineral.com and high rel industrial application. Microware modeling and full-spectrum installation engineering services. AFCEC missions [email protected] custom design center. include facility investment planning, design and construction, operations support, real property management, readiness, Manufactures refractory monolithics and specialties, energy support, environmental compliance and restoration, and including alumina, magnesia, silica, mullite, zircon, and audit assertions, acquisition, and program management. fireclay for the foundry and basic-steel industries.

AIR PRODUCTS 800-654-4567 ALMATIS INC 800-643-8771 7201 Hamilton Blvd Fax: 800-272-4449 501 West Park Rd Fax: 412-630-2900 Allentown PA 18195-1501 Leetsdale PA 15056 ADVALUE TECHNOLOGY LLC 520-514-1100 http://airproducts.com/glass http://almatis.com 3158 S Chrysler Ave Fax: 520-747-4024 [email protected] Tucson AZ 85713 [email protected] Air Products is a global leading industrial gas supplier Almatis is a global specialty alumina producer, serving http://www.advaluetech.com customers from 16 sales, research, and manufacturing sites. [email protected] (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium and rare gases) with patented technologies and equipment (oxy-fuel burners, flow Almatis premium alumina products establish the benchmark A leading supplier of high-temperature ceramic products controls), and CFD modeling and services (feasibility studies, for quality and consistency. made of fused quartz, alumina, sapphire, and zirconia. start-up/commissioning).

114 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Arkema Inc

ALSEY REFRACTORIES CO 314-963-7900 AMERICAN ISOSTATIC PRESSES 614-497-3148 advance our knowledge and use of technology. 1600 S Brentwood Blvd Ste 210 1205 S Columbus Airport Rd Fax: 614-497-3407 Saint Louis MO 63144 Columbus OH 43207-4304 Established as a hydrogen energy research facility in 2006, ARC’s mission expanded to encompass the broader http://www.alsey.com http://aiphip.com needs of government, academia, and the private sector. [email protected] [email protected] This 60,000-square-foot facility, combining state-of-the- art laboratories and a conference center, is home to many Alsey Refractories Co specializes in the private branding of Manufactures hot and cold isostatic presses, warm isostatic organizations, including the Department of Energy‚Äôs high-duty and medium-duty firebrick as well as wet and presses, sinter-HIP systems pressure-sintering furnaces, and Savannah River National Laboratory. dry specialties for major manufacturers with the refractory high-temperature thermocouples. Also supplies replacement industry. furnaces, service, and parts for all makes and models of HIP systems. APPLIED TEST SYSTEMS INC 800-441-0215 154 East Brook Ln Fax: 724-283-6570 Butler PA 16002 AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS 661-799-7200 26650 The Old Rd Ste 208 Fax: 661-799-7230 http://www.atspa.com Valencia CA 91381-0751 [email protected] http://www.aspbs.com Design and manufacture furnace ovens, furnace heating [email protected] elements, temperature controls, and extensometers. Also ALTEO NA LLC 440-460-2640 manufacture materials-testing systems, including tension- 46 Ravenna St Unit B3 Fax: 216-460-2602 We publish journals, books, and encyclopedias about compression, creep/stress rupture, stress relaxation, constant Hudson OH 44236 nanotechnology, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine; stress, and universal. and computer, materials, polymer, and bio sciences. http://www.alteo-alumina.com [email protected] ARBURG GMBH + CO KG +49 7446 330 AMERICAN STRESS TECHNOLOGIES INC 412-784-8400 Arthur-Hehl Strasse Lossburg Fax: +49 7446 333365 Formerly Rio Tinto Alcan Specialty Aluminas, Alteo owns 540 Alpha Dr Fax: 412-784-8401 Baden-Wurttemberg 72290 Germany four production plants in Europe and a global sales network. Pittsburgh PA 15238-2912 Extensive product range from alumina trihydrate and calcined http://www.arburg.com/info/pim/en http://www.astresstech.com aluminas to fused alumina (white/brown) and tabular alumina. [email protected] [email protected] ARBURG is a PIM pioneer with more than 50 years of ALUCHEM INC 513-733-8519 Manufacture X-ray diffraction residual stress analyzer. experience in the industry and one of the world’s leading 1 Landy Ln Fax: 513-733-0608 manufacturers of plastic processing machines. The portfolio Cincinnati OH 45215 APC INTERNATIONAL LTD 570-726-6961 includes ALLROUNDER injection moulding machines with http://www.aluchem.com PO Box 180 Fax: 570-726-7466 clamping forces between 125 and 6,500 kN, the freeformer [email protected] Mackeyville PA 17750 for industrial additive manufacturing, robotic systems, customer- as well as sector-specific turnkey solutions, AluChem is a leader in the manufacture of specialty alumina http://americanpiezo.com [email protected] and further peripherals. ARBURG offers also application and dedicated to producing the highest quality alumina consulting, training, and a well-equipped PIM laboratory for products in our industry, as well as providing unmatched Manufactures and supplies piezoelectric ceramics and piezo all relevant production steps. customer service. devices. Capabilities include design, custom machining, and An international sales and service network guarantees custom electroding of piezo ceramics. APC performs piezo first-class, local customer support. ARBURG has its own AMERICAN ART CLAY CO INC 317-244-6871 device and transducer assembly, soldering, and contract organizations at 34 locations in 26 different countries; 6060 Guion Rd Fax: 317-248-9300 manufacturing. together with its trading partners, it is present in more than Indianapolis IN 46254 100 countries. The machines are produced exclusively at the http://www.amaco.com APF RECYCLING INC 330-395-8354 parent factory in Lossburg, Germany. [email protected] 2610 N Park Ave Fax: 330-395-0059 ARBURG has triple certification according to ISO 9001 Warren OH 44483-2210 For 100 years we specialized in custom material blends of (quality), ISO 14001 (environment) and ISO 50001 (energy). glaze and enamel slurries, formulated industrial modeling http://www.apfrecycling.com/ US headquarters in Rocky Hill, CT. clay, built custom kilns, developed ceramics equipment, and [email protected] Tel. +1 860 667 6500; Fax +1 860 667 6522 much more. Contact us to discuss your project ideas. Go green with APF Recycling! Our goal as professionals is https://www.arburg.us; [email protected] to minimize your waste, increase profits with effective raw AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN material substitutes, and pay a premium for byproducts of 550 Polaris Pkwy Ste 510 614-890-4700 value. We proudly serve the ceramic, steel, cement, and glass ARCH MAINTENANCE SERVICES 912-996-0156 Westerville OH 43082 Fax: 614-899-6109 industries. 162 Key Circle Dr Brunswick GA 31520 https://ceramics.org/publications-resources/the-bulletin-of- the-american-ceramic-society APPLICON CO 317-635-7843 http://www.jpechin.com 450 N Somerset Ave [email protected] Published by The American Ceramic Society, the Bulletin Indianapolis IN 46222 is the official in-print and online voice of the organization, Providing custom spray drying services on laboratory and covering ACerS events, governance news, awards, and http://www.appliconco.com pilot scales. member achievements. This nine-issues-per-year publication [email protected] has regular news department. Applicon designs and builds turnkey, compact systems for AREMCO PRODUCTS INC 845-268-0039 batching and blending major, minor, and micro ingredients; 707-B Executive Blvd Fax: 845-268-0041 AMERICAN CHEMET CORP 847-948-0800 systems to produce very fine powders and to granulate Valley Cottage NY 10989 740 Waukegan Rd Ste 202 Fax: 847-948-0811 powders; and portable bin systems and conveyors to move http://aremco.com Deerfield IL 60015 products in plant. [email protected] http://www.chemet.com Established 1964. Specializes in ceramic raw materials [email protected] APPLIED CERAMICS INC 510-249-9700 48630 Milmont Dr Fax: 510-249-9797 for production and research. Supplies ceramic adhesives, Manufacture zinc and copper oxides for colorants and copper Fremont CA 94538 coatings, and castable ceramics for encapsulation work, and granules for iron spot brick and tile. Supply cupric oxide machinable ceramics for components, development, and for thermistors, ferrites, and conductors as well as metallic http://www.appliedceramics.net tooling, including brazing boats. copper powders for thick-film electronic production. [email protected] Applied Ceramics’ exclusive material technology and ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY 480-965-3291 sophisticated manufacturing capabilities provide outstanding 699 S Mill Ave Fax: 480-727-9321 performance benefits to the global semiconductor, solar, fuel Tempe AZ 85281 cell, oil drilling, and nuclear industries. The company works http://semte.engineering.asu.edu with a wide variety of materials, including alumina, zirconia, [email protected] and quartz. ARKEMA INC 610-205-7000 AMERICAN ELEMENTS INC 310-208-0551 APPLIED RESEARCH CENTER 803-641-3300 900 First Ave Fax: 610-205-7913 10884 Weyburn Ave Fax: 310-208-0351 PO Box 462 King of Prussia PA 19406 Los Angeles CA 90024 Aiken SC 29802-0462 http://www.arkema-americas.com http://www.americanelements.com http://www.discoverarc.com [email protected] [email protected] From sustainable energy to effective healthcare Arkema is a world-class producer of industrial chemicals American Elements is the world’s manufacturer of engineered to security at home, our nation is counting on rapid including acrylic monomers, emulsion systems, and advanced materials with corporate offices and developments of practical new technologies. At South fluorochemicals, fluoropolymers, functional additives, primary research and laboratory facilities in the US, and Carolina’s Applied Research Center (ARC), many of hydrogen peroxide, PMMA, specialty polyamides and manufacturing and warehousing in the US, China, and Mexico. America’s most skilled researchers are working daily to thiochemicals.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 115 Arlimin Industries Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

ARLIMIN INDUSTRIES 832-280-9980 ATLANTIC EQUIPMENT ENGINEERS 201-299-6476 BASIC MACHINERY CO INC 888-522-7420 PO Box 271497 Fax: 970-494-0206 24 Industrial Ave Fax: 201-387-0291 1220 Harold Andrews Rd Fax: 919-663-2172 Fort Collins CO 80526 PO Box 181 PO Box 688 Upper Saddle River NJ 07458 Siler City NC 27344 http://www.arlimin.com [email protected] http://micrometals.com http://www.basicmachinery.com [email protected] [email protected] Wholesale provider of raw materials to the ceramics, glass, and coatings industries. Manufactures and distribute high-purity metals, metal Design automated machinery and systems for ceramic powders, oxides, and other compounds to meet the needs industries as well as complete plants. Specialize in materials ART ON CERAMIC 855-918-5506 and material requirements of the R&D community. handling, crushing, grinding, screening, reclaiming, automatic PO BOX 1625 Fax: 855-918-5506 transfer cars, cable haulages, and specialized equipment for Plattsburgh NY 12901 AVALON ADVANCED MATERIALS INC 416-364-4938 brick shapes. 130 Adelaide St W No 1901 Fax: 416-364-5162 https://www.custom-ceramic-tile.com Toronto ON M5H 3P5 Canada BASSTECH INTL 201-569-8686 [email protected] 400 Kelby St Fax: 201-569-7511 http://www.AvalonAM.com Fort Lee NJ 07024 We developed an exclusive ceramic printing technology that [email protected] will fit your personal project or your business branding. We http://basstechintl.com also do tile reproduction. It is simple; your imagination is the Emerging Canadian producer of petalite concentrates well- [email protected] limit of what we can do for you. You create, we print! suited for specialty glass/ceramic formulations demanding high purity lithium minerals. Avalon developed proprietary Supplies chemicals and other raw materials to the ceramics ASSOC OF AMERICAN CERAMIC COMPONENT process technology to produce petalite products from its industry in North America and Europe. Materials inventoried MANUFACTURERS (AACCM) 614-794-5894 Separation Rapids mineral resource (near Kenora, Ontario, in warehouses strategically located throughout the United 550 Polaris Pkwy Ste 510 Fax: 240-396-5637 Canada). Avalon’s standard petalite product (4.0-4.2% Li2O) States, Europe, and Asia to guarantee continuity of supply. Westerville OH 43082 is notable for its low iron content and consistent SiO2:Al2O3 ratio. The super petalite (>4.5% Li2O) product also achieves BAYVILLE CHEMICAL SUPPLY CO INC 631-586-4309 http://www.aaccm.org exceptionally low levels of alkalis. 70-G E Jefryn Blvd Fax: 631-254-5591 [email protected] Deer Park NY 11729 AVEKA 651-730-1729 AACCM’s member companies manufacture components from http://www.bayvillechemical.net 2045 Wooddale Dr ceramic powders at U.S. operating facilities. Its purpose is [email protected] to expand the market for U.S.-manufactured components by Woodbury MN 55125 enhancing processes and quality and to increase awareness https://www.aveka.com Bayville Chemical is a supplier of ultrahigh-purity chemicals of ceramic applications. [email protected] (organic and inorganic), ceramics, metals, optics, crystals, sputtering targets, evaporation and coating materials, and AVEKA is a contract manufacturing and R&D company vitreous carbon. The company services small research, R&D, specializing in particle toll processing. Processing capabilities and production facilities. include drying, milling, blending, screening, and particle characterization. AVEKA is an ISO 9001:2015 registered BEIJING CERAMETEK MATERIALS CO LTD company providing processing solutions from lab-scale A3 No 9 YongChun St +86 10 6156 6641 samples to full-scale production for a wide variety of Ste No 501 GuangMing Fax: +86 10 6156 1674 ASSOCIATED CERAMICS & TECHNOLOGY INC industries. ShenZhen GD518106 China 400 North Pike Rd 724-353-1585 http://www.cerametmaterials.com Sarver PA 16055 Fax: 724-353-1050 AVS INC 978-772-0710 [email protected] 60 Fitchburg Rd Fax: 978-772-6462 http://www.associatedceramics.com Ayer MA 04132 [email protected] Cerametek materials (Al-Zr): metal(s) oxide, carbide, nitride, http://avsinc.com boride, fluoride, sulfide, diamond, graphite, quartz, metal, Associated Ceramics & Technology Inc is a custom [email protected] alloys, and rare-earth compounds. Also, 98%-5N grade, manufacturer of ceramics composed of alumina, steatite, submicron to mesh (mm), powder/rods/tube/foil/porous, cordierite, spinel, wollastonite, mullite, and high performance Manufactures standard and custom vacuum furnaces. complex compounds. materials such as zirconia and yttria-stabilized zirconia. Debinding, sintering, hot isostatic or axial pressing, diffusion Its engineers’ knowledge of the physical and chemical bonding in lab to production scale units. Vacuum to 2,500 BELDEN BRICK CO 330-456-0031 properties of a finished product allow the company to provide psig. Specializes in custom-designed systems for advanced PO Box 20910 Fax: 330-456-2694 excellent quality in applications pertaining to chemical, materials processing. Canton OH 44701 electrical, wear-resistant, automotive, appliances, and many http://beldenbrick.com others. The expansive production capabilities at ACT include AVX CORP 843-448-9411 [email protected] more than 155 dry and isostatic presses, seven extrusion 1 AVX Blvd Fax: 843-448-2106 presses, 10 kilns, and pre- and post-sintered machining Fountain Inn SC 29644-9039 Established 1885. Company operates seven plants in Ohio capabilities that are sure to satisfy a customer’s every need. http://avx.com and produces more than 240 million brick annually. [email protected] ASTRAL MATERIAL INDUSTRIAL CO LTD BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LTD +91 80 2218 2244 Rm 2303 Block 1 JunNing Bldg +86 757 8266 7101 Established 1972. Manufactures multilayer ceramic BHEL House Siri Fort Fax: +91 80 2334 4231 No 213 FuNing Rd Fax: +86 757 8270 1478 capacitors for the electronics industry, including New Delhi 110049 India ChanCheng Dist FoShan 528000 China microminiature, multilayer monolithics in chips; radial- and axial-leaded, molded and conformal coated capacitors and http://www.bhel.com http://www.amic.biz [email protected] [email protected] tantalum capacitors. Ceramic Technological Institute, Corporate R&D, Bharat Heavy AMI produces thermal ceramics, technical ceramics for tile B&P LITTLEFORD 800-365-8555 Electricals Ltd is engaged in industrial process and product factories, sanitaryware factories, and tableware factories. 1000 Hess Avenue Fax: 859-525-1446 development in ceramics, such as microwave sintering, We also supply to new energy industry, precision casting, Saginaw MI 48601 ceramic membranes, coatings, nanomaterials, and CSP for chemical industry, and environmental protection industry. We energy sector. are an ISO9001:2015 certified enterprise. AMI is dedicated https://www.bplittleford.com to provide products and service with good quality and assist [email protected] customers with cost. BLASCH PRECISION CERAMICS INC 518-436-1263 Manufactures processing equipment, including mixers, 580 Broadway Fax: 518-436-0098 granulators, agglomerators, vacuum dryers, liquid dispersers, Albany NY 12204 ASTRO MET ADVANCED CERAMICS INC 513-772-1242 and pressure reactors. Also provides pilot-plant and lab 9974 Springfield Pike Fax: 513-772-9080 equipment. Maintains a completely equipped test center to http://blaschceramics.com Cincinnati OH 45215 assist customers. [email protected] http://astromet.com Manufactures complex ceramic shapes requiring closely [email protected] BAIKOWSKI MALAKOFF INC 704-587-7100 controlled tolerances and uniform composition and structure. 6601 Northpark Blvd Ste H Products include alumina, fused silica, and SiC items. Established 1961. Manufacturers precision toleranced Charlotte NC 28216 advanced ceramic components on a custom order basis per customer design with a focus on wear and corrosion http://www.baikowskimalakoff.com BLASTCRETE EQUIPMENT CO 800-235-4867 applications. Materials include alumina, zirconia, ZTA, and [email protected] Anniston AL 36202 Macor machinable ceramic. Subsidiary of Baikowski Intl. Corp. Produces Bayer-derived http://www.blastcrete.com intermediate and high-purity (99.8–99.99%) calcined alpha- [email protected] and gamma-alumina. For 60 years, Blastcrete Equipment Co manufactures safe, reliable, and user-friendly solutions for the refractory and shotcrete industries. The company offers a complete product line of concrete mixers, pumps, and related products.

116 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Centorr Vacuum Industries

BOCA BEARING COMPANY 561-998-0004 CARBOLITE GERO +44 1433 620011 1420 Neptune Dr Ste A Fax: 561-998-0119 Parsons Ln Boynton Beach FL 33426-8420 Hope Valley S33 6RB UK http://www.bocabearings.com http://www.carbolite-gero.com/company [email protected] [email protected] BUEHLER 800-283-4537 Boca Bearing Company is a proud supplier of bearings and 41 Waukegan Rd Fax: 708-295-7979 Manufactures high-temperature furnace and other lubricants catered toward the robotics, automation, and Lake Bluff IL 60044 products for the lab and production environment. Offers advanced manufacturing industries. Boca Bearing’s ceramic a comprehensive range of box, tube and bottom-loading bearings can be used in manufacturing environments ranging https://buehler.com furnaces to 1,800°C and ovens to 600°C. Also offers from extreme temperatures to high speeds and heavy loads. [email protected] refractory-testing and custom-built furnaces. Full ceramic bearings can be used in robotic applications Manufactures sample preparation equipment and supplies for underwater, in vacuum, and space environments. Ceramic metallographic, petrographic, and ceramics labs, including CARL ZEISS MICROSCPYH LLC 800-233-2343 bearings are nonmagnetic, nonconductive, noncorrosive, and cutoff machines, low-speed diamond saws, coarse and fine One North Broadway Fax: 914-681-7446 can operate without lubrication. grinders, lab presses, polishing machines, and automatic White Plains NY 10601 polishers. https://www.zeiss.com/microscopy/int/home.html [email protected] BULLEN 937-456-7133 1301 Miller Williams Rd Fax: 937-456-2779 Offers all types of high-performance microscope systems Eaton OH 45320 for the inspection and measurement of ceramics, plastics, and other substrates. Offers upright, inverted, stereo, and the http://www.bullentech.com BOMAS MACHINE SPECIALTIES INC 617-628-3831 latest in confocal microscopes. 334 Washington St Fax: 617-628-6108 [email protected] Somerville MA 02143 Precision custom grinding and finishing of hard, brittle CAROLINA MATERIAL TECHNOLOGIES 704-846-3737 http://www.bomas.com materials including glass, sapphire, alumina, silicon nitride, 1801 Kilmonack Ln [email protected] CVD silicon carbide, ceramic matrix composites, and other Charlotte NC 28270 technical ceramics. Unique and innovative ultrasonic http://www.cmtnc.com Since 1959, we provide advanced ceramics machining for machining. ISO 9001. [email protected] wear applications in all types of environments. Servicing the aerospace, automotive, dental, electronic, government, BUZZMAC INTL LLC 414-352-5419 Carolina Material Technologies offers engineering and medical, nuclear, education, semiconductor, and wind and 638 Congress St No 202 consulting services, as well as providing turnkey bulk solar industries. Portland ME 04101 material handling system solutions. http://www.buzzmac.com BOSAI MINERALS GROUP CO LTD +86 23 6388 6666 [email protected] CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY 216-368-4230 46-47TH F World Trade Center Fax: +86 23 6388 6582 White Bldg 10900 Euclid Ave 131 Zourong Road Nondestructive-testing equipment/services for measuring the Cleveland OH 44106 Yuzhong District Chongqing China damping and dynamic elastic properties (Young’s modulus, http://case.edu shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio) of materials using the http://cqbosai.com [email protected] [email protected] impulse-excitation technique (Ping test) as described in ASTM E1876/C1259. A Chinese raw-material-group that concentrates on mining CELSIAN GLASS & SOLAR BV +31 40 249 0100 PO Box 7051 (bauxite), fusion manufacturing (brown-fused alumina and C&L DEVELOPMENT CORP 408-864-0680 Eindhoven North Brabant 5605 JB The Netherlands metallurgical alumina), and mineral processing (calcined 1821 Saratoga Ave Ste No 210 Fax: 408-864-0930 bauxites, flint clays, kaolin and barites). U.S. sales office. Saratoga CA 95070 http://www.celsian.nl [email protected] http://candldevelopment.com BRICK INDUSTRY ASSN 703-620-0010 12007 Sunrise Valley Dr Ste 430 Fax: 703-620-3928 [email protected] CelSian Glass & Solar BV provides industrial contract research, technological solutions, and consultancy to Reston VA 20191-1525 Manufactures and imports oxides, compounds, and metals, the global glass and solar market; assists companies in including rare earths, zirconium, molybdenum, tungsten, http://www.gobrick.com optimization glass and silicon production and innovation of indium, germanium, chromium, and barium. [email protected] related products. Promotes use of brick through marketing, education, CANCARB LIMITED 403-527-1121 CENTERLINE TECHNOLOGIES 978-568-1330 engineering, research, advertising, and public relations. 1702 Brier Park Crescent NW Fax: 403-529-6093 577 Main St Ste 270 Fax: 978-568-1334 Serves on committees of national construction and technical Medicine Hat AB T1C 1T9 Canada organizations. Safeguards the industry against regulations Hudson MA 01749-3096 http://www.cancarb.com and monitors legislation. http://www.centerlinetech-usa.com [email protected] [email protected] BROOKHAVEN INSTRUMENTS CORP 631-758-3200 Cancarb is the only company dedicated to manufacturing Capabilities include precision lapping, polishing, laser 750 Blue Point Rd Fax: 631-758-3255 Thermal Carbon Black. In addition to our standard Thermax machining, diamond sawing, edge/diamond machining, Holtsville NY 11742 N990 and N991 grades for steel refractories, we offer a tumbling, and a filled via planarity process. Materials include number of specialty thermal blacks, such as Ultra-Pure https://www.brookhaveninstruments.com AlN; 99.6%, 99.5%, and 96% alumina; BeO; fused silica; N990UP and N991UP carbon black for the advanced [email protected] sapphire; quartz; and titanate. ceramics and metallurgical industries. Manufactures quality instrumentation for colloid and polymer characterization, quality control, and research applications. CAPITAL REFRACTORIES LTD +44 1246 811163 Particle-size measurements are obtained utilizing dynamic Station Road light scattering or discentrifugation. Clowne Chesterfield Derbyshire S43 4AB UK BUCHER EMHART GLASS SA +41 41 749 42 00 Hinterbergstrasse 22 Fax: +41 41 749 42 71 http://capital-refractories.com PO Box 2251 [email protected] CENTORR VACUUM INDUSTRIES 603-595-7233 Cham 2 CH-6330 Switzerland Capital Refractories specializes in supplying refractory linings 55 Northeastern Blvd Fax: 603-595-9220 Nashua NH 03062 http://bucheremhartglass.com and associated products to metal melting, foundry, and [email protected] cement industries around the world. https://vacuum-furnaces.com/ [email protected] Leading international supplier of equipment, controls, and CARBO CERAMICS 281-921-6400 parts to glass container industry. Broad-based expertise in 5050 Westway Park Blvd Suite 500 Centorr Vacuum Industries is a manufacturer of custom glass container forming, glass conditioning, gob forming, Houston TX 77041 vacuum and controlled atmosphere furnaces for the ware handling, cold end inspection, refractory parts, and sintering, debinding, and heat treatment of advanced quality assurance. https://carboceramics.com ceramics, such as SiC, Si3N4, AlN, BN, and B4C; stainless [email protected] steels; refractory metals; cermets; and hardmetals. Available CARBO creates innovative, industry-leading technologies and in laboratory to production size at temperatures to 3,000? products engineered to significantly improve our customers’ and pressures to 1,500 psig, with graphite or refractory metal performance and deliver value across a diverse range of hot zones and optional Sweepgas binder removal systems to industries and applications. We collaborate closely with handle any binder or lubricant. our customers to understand their needs and apply over 40 years of material science, technology development and manufacturing expertise to create technology-based solutions

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 117 Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

CENTRAL GLASS & CERAMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE Melts specialty frits and glasses. CERINNOV +33 5 55 04 24 54 196 Raja S C Mullick Rd +91 33 2473 3469 Distributor of raw materials. Parc d’Ester 2 Rue Columbia Fax: +33 5 55 04 24 55 Kolkata West Bengal 700 032 India Limoges 87068 France Fax: +91 33 2473 0957 CERAMIC POWDER TECHNOLOGY AS +47 916 71 332 http://www.cerinnov.com http://cgcri.res.in Kvenildmyra 6 [email protected] [email protected] Tiller N-7093 Norway Cerinnov specializes in the manufacturing of production and Provides scientific industrial research and development in the http://www.cerpotech.com decoration machines for the ceramic and glass industries: area of glass, ceramics, and related materials that maximizes [email protected] shaping and decorating machines, laser marking, engineering, the economic, environmental, and societal benefit for the turn-key plants for tableware, tools, and after sales services. people of India. CerPoTech manufactures advanced ceramic powders for applications such as fuel cells, batteries, membranes, piezoceramics, and many more. With its unique process, CERADYNE INC, A 3M CO 800-831-0658 CerPoTech synthesizes high quality ceramic powders that are 2416 Merchant St tailored to specific requirements of customers and partners. Lexington KY 40511 http://www.3m.com/specialtyglass CERAMIC SERVICES INC 215-245-4040 CERION NANOMATERIALS 585-271-5630 [email protected] 1060 Park Ave 1 Blossom Road Bensalem PA 19020 From manufacturing a new generation of precision electronics Rochester NY 14610 to enabling a world powered by clean, renewable energy, http://www.kilnman.com http://www.cerionnano.com specialty glasses from Ceradyne Inc, a 3M Co, are inspiring [email protected] [email protected] innovation in electronic, solar power, and semiconductor applications. 3M specialty glass compounds and solar Builds premium quality kilns and dryers. Provides Cerion is a leader in the science of designing, scaling and metallization paste additives are vital to many groundbreaking experienced consulting for drying and firing problems. A fresh manufacturing metal, metal oxide and ceramic nanomaterials electronic and mechanical components. These versatile source for replacement parts and service for all makes of for commercial, defense and life science companies materials are precision-manufactured for unmatched kilns and dryers. developing products or systems. The cost of developing consistency, batch after batch‚Äîand they are backed by advanced expertise in nanomaterials is prohibitively expensive Ceradyne’s 50 years of insight and experience. From glass CERAMITEC +49 89 94911378 and time intensive, resulting in a significant barrier to entry design and engineering, to in-house analytical support and Messegelande 1 Eingang Ost for companies considering its adoption. Cerion provides quality control, to scale-up and full-scale production, Ceradyne Munchen 81823 Germany companies with access to this expertise through all phases of has the breadth and depth of knowledge to help customers http://www.ceramitec.com the product lifecycle including applied research, development, make tomorrow’s breakthroughs today. [email protected] scale-up, commercialization and manufacturing. Cerion’s position in the market is enabled by three strategic competitive CERAKOTE CERAMIC COATINGS 866-774-7628 Ceramitec is a leading trade fair for the ceramics industry— advantages: deep and demonstrated capability in a.) precision 7050 6th St hub for sector-wide expertise and technology that brings the design and customization of both nanoparticle size and White City OR 97503 industry together. technical attributes, b.) robust processes to scale materials from prototype to low and high-volume production rates, and https://www.cerakote.com CERAMTEC NORTH AMERICA CORP 864-682-3215 c.) industry-leading, cost-effective manufacturing systems and [email protected] 1 Technology Pl Fax: 864-682-1140 production capacities. Founded in 1984, Cerakote is a division of NIC Industries Inc Laurens SC 29360-0089 CERITHERM +33 5 55 33 23 13 that focuses on developing and manufacturing the highest http://www.ceramtec.us Hotel d’entreprises des Garennes performing line of ceramic coatings available anywhere in the [email protected] world. Cerakote is a world leader in ceramic coatings. Rue de Pouloueix Fax: +33 5 55 33 23 14 Produces a wide range of ceramics in 11 worldwide Oradour sur Vayres 87150 France CERALINK INC 518-283-7733 manufacturing locations, including a state-of-the-art laser http://ceritherm.org 105 Jordan Rd No 2 facility in the U.S. Products include alumina and aluminum [email protected] Troy NY 12180 nitride substrates (pressed, stamped, lasered) and piezoceramics. Part of the Ceric group, manufactures kilns for the production http://ceralink.com of fine ceramics. Also provides advanced systems for [email protected] CERAMTEC-ETEC +49 2205 9200169 automatic handling and production monitoring. Comprehensive microwave testing center staffed to assist An der Burg Sülz 17 Fax: +49 2205 9200144 customers in implementing and optimizing microwave Lohmar 53797 Germany CERIX - GROW PLATFORM GMBH +49 0831 54075342 Albert Einstein Strasse 6 processing in the ceramics, glass, and metal industries. https://www.ceramtec.com/subsidiary/ceramtec-etec Kempten 87437 Germany [email protected] CERAMCO INC 603-447-2090 http://www.cerix-ceramics.de 1467 E Main St Fax: 603-447-3906 CeramTec-ETEC is a CeramTec subsidiary that offers [email protected] PO Box 300 solutions made from ALOTEC advanced ceramics for Center Conway NH 03813 wear and corrosion protection; ceramic armor for ballistic CERIX grow platform GmbH is a start-up company from protection of personnel, vehicles, and assets; ALOSLIDE Robert Bosch GmbH. We produce high-tech ceramics for http://ceramcoceramics.com inrun track systems for ski jumping events; and PERLUCOR various markets and offer functional components for sensors, [email protected] transparent ceramics. medical products, consumer goods, automotive components, A manufacturer of near-net shape technical ceramics by and industrial products made of alumina and zirconia. CIM ceramic injection molding from prototype to high-volume in combination with in-mold labelling and 3D printing enable production. Diamond grinding for high precision components. CERANOVA CORPORATION 508-460-0300 us to manufacture complex functional components with the Ceramic fasteners in stock. 85 Hayes Memorial Dr highest degree of precision. Marlborough MA 01752 CERAMIC ARTS NETWORK 866-721-3322 http://www.ceranova.com CERLASE +33 5 55 04 24 54 550 Polaris Pkwy Ste No 510 [email protected] Parc d’Ester 2 Rue Columbia Fax: +33 5 55 04 24 55 Westerville OH 43082 Limoges 87068 France CeraNova is an industry leader in product / process http://www.cerinnov.com http://ceramicartsnetwork.org development and pilot-scale manufacturing of advanced [email protected] [email protected] ceramics. We specialize in near net shape, controlled microstructure, transparent ceramics, with superior optical Inspiration and instruction from ceramic artists and leading Cerlase is an officially certified R&D center. Primary research and mechanical properties that provide unique, cost effective professionals in the field. The Ceramic Arts Network is an lines are lasers for ceramics, glass and metal (sintering, solutions for defense, aerospace, and commercial customers. online community serving active potters and ceramic artists melting, cutting), shaping processes for ceramics, decoration worldwide, as well as those who are interested in finding (laser sintering, total transfer, heat decal), and heat treatment. out more about this craft. The Ceramic Arts Network includes CERCO INC 330-567-2145 Ceramics Monthly, Pottery Making Illustrated, CLAYflicks, the 453 W McConkey St Fax: 330-915-4925 CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE 614-447-3751 International Ceramic Artists Network (ICAN), and Ceramic Shreve OH 44676 2540 Olentangy River Rd Fax: 614-447-3600 Recipes. http://www.CerCoCorp.com Columbus OH 43210-0012 [email protected] http://cas.org CERAMIC COLOR & CHEMICAL MFG CO 724-846-4000 [email protected] 1100 13th St Fax: 724-846-4123 Supplies advanced structural ceramics for custom- New Brighton PA 15066 engineered and designed machine parts, electrical/electronic Established 1907. Publish Chemical Abstracts. Produces components, fluid-handling equipment, machine wear parts, online information services to identify research studies and http://ceramiccolor.com and welding-thermal equipment. Armor ceramics. CAD-CAM, patents relating to chemistry, biotechnology, engineering, [email protected] CNC-equipped prototype lab. materials science, physics, and other scientific fields. Manufactures ceramic colors and inorganic pigments. Producer of custom chemicals and compounds.

118 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 DCM Tech

CHEMIR - A DIVISION OF EVANS ANALYTICAL GROUP CLEVELAND VIBRATOR CO 800-221-3298 of light, with strong process and manufacturing capabilities 2672 Metro Blvd 314-291-6620 2828 Clinton Ave Fax: 216-241-3480 to develop, engineer, and commercialize significant innovative Maryland Heights MO 63043 Fax: 314-291-6630 Cleveland OH 44113 products. http://www.chemir.com http://www.clevelandvibrator.com [email protected] [email protected] CRODA 732-417-0800 300A Columbus Circle Testing lab provides investigative analytical chemistry to Since 1923, the Cleveland Vibrator Company provides Edison NJ 08837-3907 solve challenging problems. Services include deformulation material flow and processing solutions to over 15,000 (reverse engineering), material/contaminant identification, customers through a broad range of industrial vibrators and http://www.crodaindustrialchemicals.com/ polymer analysis, failure analysis, and litigation support. ISO vibratory equipment components, including pneumatic and [email protected] 9001:200 electric bin and hopper vibrators, vibratory feeders, vibratory For advanced ceramics, Croda offers a selection of polymeric tables, and vibratory screeners and sieves. dispersing/suspending agents. The Hypermer KD range is specifically designed to provide superior dispersion of CM FURNACES INC 973-338-6500 particles. Croda also offers versatile nonphthalate plasticizers, 103 Dewey St Fax: 973-338-1625 such as Pycal 94. Bloomfield NJ 07003-4237 http://www.cmfurnaces.com CSC FORCE MEASUREMENT INC 413-789-3086 CHIZ BROS: REFRACTORY AND INSULATION SPECIALISTS [email protected] 84 Ramah Cir N Fax: 413-789-3598 2117 Lincoln Blvd 412-384-5220 PO Box 887 Elizabeth PA US 15037 Established 1946. Manufactures lab and production furnaces Agawam MA 01001-0887 for a wide variety of ceramics applications and services a [email protected] temperature range to 2,000°C in air, inert, and reducing http://www.cscforce.com http://www.chizbros.com atmospheres. Batch and continuous furnaces offered in a [email protected] Chiz Bros. is committed to providing personalized solutions variety of sizes. Stocking distributor of force/torque measurement products for refractory applications and installations. We are dedicated by Amatek/Chatillon/Lloyd Testers, CDI, Dillon, Larson, to supplying high-quality, competitively-priced products CMC LABORATORIES INC 480-496-5000 MSI, Mark-10, Seekonk, Tohnicki and others. Repairs and and on-time delivery. At Chiz Bros., we promise immediate 7755 S Research Dr Ste 115 calibration lab with ISO/IEC 17025 certification, accredited response and superlative customer service while meeting Tempe AZ 85284 by L-A-B. regulatory, safety and environmental industry requirements. http://cmclaboratories.com Chiz Bros. has served the metals, power, glass and ceramics [email protected] CUSTOM PROCESSING SERVICES 610-779-7001 industries for nearly 50 years. We have vast knowledge 2 Birchmont Dr of product applications and installation specifications. Our CMC Laboratories Inc is a failure analysis laboratory located Reading PA 19606-3266 customers represent a wide array of companies ranging from in Tempe, Arizona, that focuses on root cause analysis and international, publicly-traded major manufacturers to walk-in, failure mode identification. CMC’s analysis goal is to provide http://www.customprocessingservices.com small furnace operators. Our on-site warehouse is fully- customers with the root cause of a failure and work closely [email protected] stocked to meet most customer needs. We carry Fiberfrax® with the customer to identify process or control changes that Submicron- and nano-range ceramic particles, silicon ceramic fiber products, non RCF soluble fiber products, fire can eliminate failure. carbide, boron carbide, alumina, and more. Custom toll protection products, castables, gunite mixes, firebrick, silica manufacturing for submicron particles and wet grinding. fiberglass products and heating elements. We have a large COBER MUEGGE LLC 203-855-8755 Small batch manufacturing (kilograms) to large scale (tons). inventory of miscelLnous refractory-related needs including 30 Moffatt St Fax: 203-855-7511 Stratford CT 06615 CYCLONAIRE CORP 800-445-0730 CHRISTY MINERALS LLC 636-585-2214 2922 N Division Fax: 402-362-2001 833 Booneslick Rd Fax: 636-585-2220 http://cobermuegge.com York NE 68467 PO Box 159 [email protected] High Hill MO 63350 Designs and manufactures microwave ovens for ceramic http://cyclonaire.com [email protected] http://www.christyco.com/minerals heating, sintering, and more. [email protected] Manufactures and supplies custom-designed pneumatic COMTRUST ARCHITECTURAL MESH CO LTD conveying systems. Offers vacuum-, pressure-, and Christy Minerals LLC is a premier producer of alumina silicate No 323 Weimin St of Anping County +86 318 706 3609 vacuum/pressure-based technology; conveyors; and allied clays and calcines. We service the refractory, ceramic art, Hebei 053600 China Fax: +86 318 706 1960 components. Typical applications involve bulk transfer investment casting, ceramic tile, and cement industries. We (storage or in-plant). provide toll calcining, toll grinding, and screening services. http://www.coildrapery.com [email protected] DALMIA INST OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH CIDRA PRECISION SERVICES LLC 203-774-4422 Produce a variety of styles of architectural mesh, architectural Post- Rajgangpur +91 6624 678 507 50 Barnes Park N mesh panels, mesh facade, and decorative mesh. Dist- Sundargarh (Odisha) 770017 India Wallingford CT 06492 Fax: +91 6624 220 933 http://www.cidraprecisionservices.com CONTROL INSTRUMENTS CORP 973-575-9114 http://www.dalmiainstiture.in [email protected] 25 Law Dr Fax: 973-515-0013 Fairfield NJ 07004 [email protected] Specializes in custom manufacturing of micron level A modern industry group with boron carbide as its leading precision machined mechanical, optical, and fluidic http://www.controlinstruments.com product, integrating the scientific research, manufacture and components and assemblies made from hard materials such [email protected] sale of boride and carbide. Boron carbide is widely used in as sapphire, quartz, ceramics, glass, and hard metals. Manufactures detection systems for hazardous gases and military, science, industry, and more. vapors. Products include LFL analyzers, BTU analyzers, infrared CILAS PARTICLE SIZE 608-274-7719 analyzers, flame-ionization detectors, and gas sensors. DATAPAQ INC 603-537-2680 2984 Triverton Pike Dr Ste No 104 3 Corporate Park Dr Unit 1 Fitchburg WI 53711 Fax: 608-270-3801 COORSTEK 303-271-7100 Derry NH 03038 http://particle-size.us 14143 Denver West Pkwy Ste 400 http://datapaq.com [email protected] Golden CO 80401 [email protected] https://www.coorstek.com Provides high-performance state-of-the-art laser particle- Manufactures in-process thermal profiling systems and [email protected] size analyzers. Products allow analysis of particle-size software. Kiln Tracker system is accurate and reliable and distribution and viewing of particle shape. Offers a wide With manufacturing locations across four continents, used to optimize firing process. System features a data range of instruments capable of analyzing samples from CoorsTek is the international partner of choice for companies logger with up to 130,000 readings, rugged thermal barrier, 0.04–2,500 micrometers. requiring the unique, high-performance properties of and Insight software. engineered technical ceramics. CoorsTek partners with CINCINNATI GASKET & INDUSTRIAL GLASS 513-761-3458 customers to design, test, and manufacture standard and DCM TECH 507-452-4043 40 Illinois Ave custom components for virtually every industry in the global 4455 Theurer Blvd Fax: 507-452-7970 Cincinnati OH 45215 marketplace. Materials include aluminas, carbides, nitrides, Winona MN 55987 quartz, silicates, yttrias, and zirconias. Visit CoorsTek.com. https://cgindustrialglass.com http://dcm-tech.com [email protected] [email protected] CORNING INCORPORATED 607-974-9000 A leading U.S. manufacturer specializing in a wide range 1 Riverfront Plaza DCM designs and manufactures blanchard style rotary of machined glass products for use in nearly every major Corning NY14831 grinders for ceramic grinding applications. Servo drive, industry in the world from steel and chemical industries to Z-axis, and programmable automatic feed provides process http://corning.com machine tool and power generation. repeatability. DCM is a U.S. manufacturer that sells and [email protected] services factory direct. Corning combines its expertise in specialty glass, ceramic materials, polymers, and the manipulation of the properties

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 119 Delkic & Associates Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

DELKIC & ASSOCIATES 904-285-0200 DIAMORPH AB +44 161 872 2181 EBL PRODUCTS INC 860-290-3737 PO Box 1726 Fax: 904-273-1616 c/o Tenmat Ltd Ashburton Road 91 Prestige Pk Cir Fax: 860-291-2533 Immokalee FL 32004 West Manchester M17 1TD UK E Hartford CT 06108 International ceramic consultants specializing in energy- http://www.diamorph.com http://www.eblproducts.com saving ceramic coatings and fiber modules. [email protected] [email protected] Diamorph AB is an advanced material company dealing with Provides standard, application-specific, and industrial especially demanding industrial applications. piezoceramic transducer elements to researchers as well as manufacturers of piezoelectric transducers according to their DIGITAL PRESS INC 610-758-9680 terms and specifications. 90 S Commerce Way Ste 340 Fax: 610-758-8510 DELTECH INC (DELTECH FURNACES) 303-433-5939 Bethlehem PA 18017-8611 1007 E 75th Ave Unit E Fax: 303-433-2809 http://www.digitalpressusa.com/index.php Denver CO 80229 Digital Press is leading the industry when it comes to http://www.deltechfurnaces.com hydraulic powder compacting presses. [email protected] EDWARD ORTON JR CERAMIC FOUNDATION Manufacturer of standard and custom electric lab DORST AMERICA INC 610-317-2000 6991 Old 3C Hwy 614-895-2663 and production scale furnaces, including glass melt and 64 S Commerce Way Fax: 610-317-6416 Westerville OH 43082 Fax: 614-895-5610 rotary models for 1,500–2,000°C operation in air, inert Bethlehem PA 18017 http://ortonceramic.com atmospheres, and under positive pressures. ISO 9001:2015 [email protected] certified. NQA-1 compliant. Control systems certified by https://www.dorst.de/en/dorst-america.html Intertek UL508A compliant. [email protected] The Edward Orton Jr Ceramic Foundation manufactures and Designs and manufactures machinery, systems, and fully markets pyrometric cones, TempCHEks, TempTab’s, electronic integrated plants for dinnerware, sanitaryware, advanced temperature controllers, thermoanalytical instruments, and ceramics, soft and hard ferrite, and powder-metal industries. provides materials testing services. Program includes spray dryers, hydraulic presses, and isostatic dry presses. EIRICH MACHINES, INC 847-336-2444 4033 Ryan Rd Fax: 847-336-0914 DELTECH KILN AND FURNACE DESIGN, LLC DOW CORNING CORP 989-496-6000 Gurnee IL 60031 1007 E 75th Ave Unit E 303-433-5939 2211 H.H. Dow Way Fax: 989-496-8026 http://www.eirichusa.com Denver CO 80229-6442 Fax: 303-433-2809 Midland MI 48686 [email protected] http://www.dkfdllc.com http://www.dowcorning.com [email protected] EIRICH offers innovative technologies for the preparation of [email protected] raw materials and bodies in the ceramic industry. EIRICH Custom design and optional build of electric kilns and Worldwide supplier of additives, adhesives, coatings, develops and manufactures equipment (stand-alone furnaces for nuclear materials research, development, and reinforcing fillers, process aids, and release agents. machines and complete systems) for material processing, production. ISO 9001:2015 certified. NQA-1 compliant. including grinding, mixing, granulating, kneading, and suspending. The equipment is used for preparing refractory DOWA HIGH TEMP FURNACES +91 80 2839 5917 DENKA CORP 212-688-8700 mixes for shaped and unshaped products, tap hole clay, 1C 2nd Phase Peenya Industrial Area silicate ceramics slurries for table and sanitary ware, 780 3rd Ave 8th Floor Fax: 212-688-8727 Bangalore Karnataka 560058 India New York NY 10017-2024 technical ceramics for dental and ballistic protection Fax: +91 80 2839 0490 application, proppants, and much more. The unique http://www.denka.co.jp/eng http://www.dowahightemp.com design of the EIRICH Mixer allows for mixing, granulating, [email protected] [email protected] kneading, and dispersing in one single machine, which saves on costs, energy, time, and space. The tool speed can Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha (Denka) is a Manufacturer and supplier of industrial heat treatment chemical company operating in a wide range of business easily be adjusted and guarantees short batch times and furnaces with Japanese technology, including batch type homogenization. The mixer sizes for ceramics applications fields, including organic and inorganic materials for integral sealed quench and soft nitriding furnaces, mesh industrial manufacturing, materials for construction and civil range from 1 liter to 7,000 liters and can be combined belt furnaces, decarb annealing and blueing, and controlled with vacuum drying technology. EIRICH also offers mills for engineering, electronic materials, food packaging materials, atmosphere brazing. and pharmaceuticals. grinding and size reduction. DU-CO CERAMICS COMPANY 724-352-1511 ELAN TECHNOLOGY 912-880-3526 155 S Rebecca St Fax: 724-352-1266 169 Elan Ct PO Box 568 Midway GA 31320 Saxonburg PA 16056 http://www.elantechnology.com/ http://www.du-co.com [email protected] DETROIT PROCESS MACHINERY 248-858-8380 [email protected] As one of the largest glass and ceramics manufacturers in 560 Fox Pointe Ct Fax: 248-858-8405 Dry-press, roll compaction, and extruded forms in steatite, the United States, Elan Technology produces glass preforms Bloomfield Hills MI 48304 cordierite, MgO, forsterite, porcelain, mullite, and alumina. from hundreds of proprietary electronic glass compositions, http://www.detroitprocessmachinery.com High purity materials are also available in MgO and alumina. commonly matched for glass-to-metal seals. Glass materials [email protected] Secondary operations include machining, glazing, grinding, are also offered as milled or spray dried powders. Elan and tumbling. Toll spray drying services are also available. Technology also offers a variety of ceramic materials, such Buys and sells powder presses, isostatic presses, piston Facilities in Saxonburg, Pa. (main) and Monroe, N.C. as alumina ceramic, steatite, zirconia, and cordierite. Ceramic extruders, mixers, blenders, attritors, spray dryers, materials are used for wear-resistant parts, insulators, and pulverizers, and process mills. DUNHUA ZHENGXING ABRASIVE CO LTD +86 433 634 0878 ceramic inserts for industrial applications. No 4 Industry Rd Fax: +86 433 634 0868 For more than 70 years, Elan Technology develops and DIACUT INC 719-481-4205 Development Zone manufactures advanced ceramics and glass materials. Its 773 Hwy 105 Fax: 719-481-0872 Dunhua Jilin 133700 China expert team of engineers can offer custom compositions to fit PO Box 217 the most demanding applications. Palmer Lake CO 80133 http://boroncarbide.cn [email protected] http://diacut.com ELCAN INDUSTRIES INC 800-283-5226 [email protected] Manufacturer of boron carbide since 1987. ISO 9001 and 20 Marbledale Rd ISO 14001 certified. Major products: boron carbide powder, Tuckahoe NY 10707-3420 Supplies diamond Thinwheel used for slicing, dicing, boron carbide sand nozzle, boron carbide plate, boron carbide precision grinding, and cutoff operations. Thinwheels neutron-absorbing material. http://elcanindustries.com are used in single-wheel applications as well as in gang [email protected] assemblies. Manufactures slicing and dicing blades with DYNACUT INC 610-346-7386 Elcan sells advanced screening equipment that is unmatched customized resin bonds. 3425 Funk Mill Rd Fax: 610-346-6770 in quality and performance. The company owns a large toll Springtown PA 18081 manufacturing facility in New York, where it sieves powders DIAMOND INDUSTRIAL TOOLS INC 800-227-5905 for companies and also does extensive testing for companies http://dynacut.com 6712 Crawford Ave Fax: 800-441-7771 from all around the world. Lincolnwood IL 60712 [email protected] http://todit.com Established 1965. Manufactures precision cutoff machines [email protected] for glass, ceramics, metallurgical, composite, and geological applications. Designs and manufactures custom production Manufactures and distributes precision-grinding systems and cutting and grinding machinery. related diamond abrasive products.

120 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Ferro Ceramic Grinding Inc

ENGIS CORP 847-808-9400 105 W Hintz Rd Fax: 847-808-9430 Wheeling IL 60090 http://www.engis.com [email protected] ELCON PRECISION LLC 408-292-7800 Manufactures a wide range of superabrasive tools, supplies, EZG MANUFACTURING INC 800-417-9272 1009 Timothy Drive and equipment for grinding, lapping, polishing, and honing 1833 North Riverview Road San Jose CA 95133 of difficult-to-machine materials to close tolerances. Process Malta OH 43758 development services are offered. https://www.elconprecision.com/ https://ezgmfg.com/refractoryprecast-equipment [email protected] ENRG INC 716-873-2939 [email protected] With more than 50 years of experience, Elcon Precision 155 Chandler St Ste 5 Fax: 716-873-3196 The quality of EZG’s precast and refractory equipment is what is a trusted provider of photochemically machined parts, Buffalo NY 14207-2132 sets the company apart from competing manufacturers. We metallized sapphires & ceramics, and vacuum & atmosphere http://www.enrg-inc.com work closely with our customers and listen to their needs brazed assemblies. [email protected] before streamlining our equipment to better serve you. Manufacturer of ultrathin, durable, flexible, and high This is why after nearly two decades of making model ELECTRO ABRASIVES CORP 800-284-4748 temperature tolerant ceramic foils. Substrate applications improvements our mixers are second to none. Our team is 701 Willet Rd Fax: 716-822-2858 include solid state devices, portable electronics, lightweight committed to pairing our customers with the equipment that Buffalo NY 14218 solar PV, durable labels, displays, sensors, protective suits their needs best. http://electroabrasives.com cladding, and bio-compatible devices. EZG’s Hog line is renowned for its longevity, customizable [email protected] options and dedicated customer service team. ER ADVANCED CERAMICS INC 330-426-4500 Manufacture black SiC, green SiC, and boron carbide. Also FCT INGENIEURKERAMIK GMBH +49 36766 86868 makes SiC grains and water-classified fine powders to ANSI 600 E Clark St Fax: 330-426-1859 East Palestine OH 44413 Gewerbepark 11 Frankenblick Fax: +49 36766 8680 and FEPA F sizes, submicron, as well as refractory and Thuringia D-96528 Germany custom splits. Applications include ceramics, abrasives, http://www.usrefractories.com refractories. [email protected] http://fcti.de [email protected] Comprised of US Stoneware, US Refractories, and US Pumps. ELECTROSCIENCES LTD US Stoneware is a designer and manufacturer of process Produces customized components made of silicon nitride- Farnham Surrey UK equipment for milling, grinding, and blending. based ceramics, sintered silicon carbide, C/C-SiC composites, https://www.electrosciences.co.uk and zirconia. Major applications are in light-metal casting, [email protected] ESL ELECTROSCIENCE 610-272-8000 wear protection, chemical and mechanical process 416 E Church Rd Fax: 610-272-6759 engineering, electronics, precision optics, testing equipment, Electrosciences Limited provides specialized scientific King Of Prussia PA 19406 metal forming, and brake pads. and technical consultancy to industry and academia in the technical discipline of multifunctional materials research and http://www.electroscience.com [email protected] FCT SYSTEME GMBH +49 36766 8240 development. The company’s technical director is professor Gewerbepark 16 Frankenblick Fax: +49 36766 824150 Markys G Cain, who has over 30 years of experience in ESL ElectroScience specializes in providing solutions to Thuringia D-96528 Germany applied R&D in both academic and industrial environments. enable customers to take technologies from concept through http://www.fct-systeme.de Our business is modeled on the supply of scientific high volume production. A global supplier of customized thick [email protected] consultancy services. Expertise ranges from scientific film pastes and ceramic tapes. strategy development for small business to bespoke Develop and manufacture sintering systems, such as hot scientific measurement solutions to your scientific and ETHER NDE +44 1582 767912 presses and systems for spark plasma sintering, gas- technical problems. Experience of over 30 years in the field of Endeavour House Fax: +44 1582 767912 pressure sintering, and vacuum sintering up to ultrahigh materials science and physics of the solid state lends itself to 3 Roundwood Lane temperatures for engineering ceramics, powder metallurgy, delivery of competent solutions to your scientific needs. Our Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 3BW UK photovoltaics, and more. specialist capabilities in the measurement of the properties of ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and multifunctional materials, http://ethernde.com films, crystals, and devices is offered with unique access to in [email protected] FEDERAL-MOGUL 734-254-8313 situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of these materials. 27300 West 11 Mile Rd Fax: 734-254-8905 Manufacturer of eddy current instruments, probes, and Southfield MI 48034 accessories. Vantage handheld dual frequency inspection ELKEM METALS INC 304-552-9266 instrument; SigmaCheck eddy current electrical conductivity http://federal-mogul.com Airport Office Park Bldg 2 Fax: 412-299-7238 meter; Veritor USB-attached battery-operated eddy current [email protected] 400 Rouser Rd Moon Township PA 15108 instrument; and more. Global automotive supplier. Champion spark plugs, glow http://www.silicon.elkem.com plugs, igniters, and spark ignition devices. Four ceramic [email protected] EURO SUPPORT ADVANCED MATERIALS +31 413 283 911 manufacturing plants in North America and Europe. Ceramic Liessentstraat 9f Fax: 31 413 283 369 development in Plymouth, Michigan. Produces high-volume Elkem products that may be of interest in the advanced Uden 5405 AH The Netherlands alumina ceramic components. ceramics field are the Silgrain line of silicon powders. Silicon powder is often used as a raw material for manufacturing http://www.eurosupport.nl silicon nitride and silicon carbide ceramics. [email protected] FELDCO INTL 714-602-2415 12402 Circula Panorama Fax: 714-602-2417 Euro Support Advanced Materials is an inorganic specialty Santa Ana CA 92705 EMPOWER MATERIALS INC 302-225-0100 materials producer, a.o. catalysts, dielectrics, and customized 91 Lukens Drive Fax: 302-225-0101 materials; including toll manufacturing. Over 20 years http://feldcointernational.com New Castle DE 19720 experience producing high purity barium titanate for the [email protected] electronics industry. http://www.empowermaterials.com Technical ceramic materials supplier, including boron carbide, [email protected] boron carbide powder and sputtering targets, ceramics, EVANS ANALYTICAL GROUP LLC 408-530-3500 metal, alloys, and others. Manufactures and sells QPAC polyalkylene carbonate binders 810 Kifer Rd 408-530-3501 worldwide. QPAC features excellent green strength and Sunnyvale CA 94086 processability, and extremely clean burnout in a variety of FERRO CERAMIC GRINDING INC 781-245-1833 atmospheres. Available in solids, solutions, and water-based http://www.eaglabs.com 5 Cornell Pl Fax: 781-246-1429 emulsions. [email protected] Wilmington MA 01887 Evans Analytical Group is the global leader in materials http://ferroceramic.com ENDICOTT CLAY PRODUCTS COMPANY 402-729-3315 characterization for ceramics and other advanced materials. [email protected] 57120 707th Rd Fax: 402-729-5804 We specialize in materials analysis using analytical techniques such as GDMS, ICPMS, TEM, and XRD. Established 1966. Advance ceramic component supplier and Endicott NE 68350 manufacturer specializing in precision machining. Materials http://www.endicott.com include BN, Macor, alumina, SiC, sapphire, zirconia, quartz, [email protected] EXOTHERMICS INC 603-821-5660 ferrites, and related materials. Also provide CAD/CAM CNC 14 Columbia Dr machining. Endicott Clay Products Company, celebrating our 100th Amherst NH 03031 anniversary in 2020 is a leading family owned manufacturer of face brick, pavers, and thin brick. Producing over 100 http://www.exothermicsinc.com millions bricks a year from our four Kiln process our 300 [email protected] employees are proud of our quality and customer service. Advanced materials company that specializes in the Endicott continues to grown in numbers, robotics and development of ultrahigh temperature refractory compounds automation by striving to be the very best. and ceramics for demanding aerospace, defense, and other niche applications.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 121 Ferrotec Ceramic Products Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

FERROTEC CERAMIC PRODUCTS +86 571 8514 7487 FRITSCH GMBH - MILLING AND SIZING +49 6784 700 2590 Nanhuan Rd Binjiang District Industriestrasse 8 Idar Oberstein Fax: +49 6784 7011 Hangzhou Zhejiang China 053600 Rhineland-Palatinate D-55743 Germany http://ceramics.ferrotec.com/ceramics-home http://www.fritsch.de [email protected] [email protected] GASBARRE PRODUCTS (PTX PENTRONIX) We are a Japanese company with manufacturing location Internationally respected manufacturer of application- 590 Division St 814-371-3015 in China. Our ceramics and quartz division is the largest oriented laboratory instruments used in sample preparation DuBois PA 15801 manufacturer of semiconductor components in China since and particle size analysis for industrial applications in process 2007. control, quality assurance, and high-precision research. http://www.gasbarre.com [email protected] FINEWAY CERAMICS 226-526-9785 FRITSCH MILLING & SIZING INC 919-229-0599 Gasbarre Products Inc is an international designer, 367 Askin Ave 57 Grant Dr Ste G manufacturer, and marketer of capital equipment and related Windsor ON N9B 2X1 Canada Pittsboro NC 27312 services. We focus on primary process equipment for powder metallurgy, particulate materials, and thermal processing http://www.finewayceramics.com http://www.fritsch-us.com industries worldwide. No matter what your challenging [email protected] [email protected] opportunity may be, we can supply the best technically Since 2008, Fineway Ceramics has been supplying advanced FRITSCH—an internationally respected German manufacturer engineered solution for your specific needs! technical ceramics in North American markets. Fineway of lab mills and particle size/shape instruments. Capabilities offers a range of industrial and advanced ceramics, including into the nano range. For size reduction, homogenization, GASBARRE PRODUCTS INC 814-371-3015 alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride. In mechanical alloying, mechano-chemistry, chemical 590 Division St Fax: 814-371-6387 addition, Fineway also provides ceramic raw materials, activation, and more. PO Box 1022 including silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and alumina powder. DuBois PA 15801 FURNACE PRODUCTS & SERVICES INC 724-285-3774 http://gasbarre.com FIREBIRD THERMAL PRODUCTS CO +86 371 6580 1713 610 East Butler Rd Fax: 724-431-0944 [email protected] Rm 4-39 Hongzhuan Rd No 111 Butler PA 16002 Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China Manufactures mechanical and hydraulic powder compaction http://fpands.com presses for dry pressing of ceramic powders. Compaction http://firebirdindustry.en.ec21.com [email protected] presses incorporate the floating die table concept as well as [email protected] a removable die set series, a lab series, and a standard series. Independent representative organization providing insulating Firebird Thermal Products Co is founded on the principle of firebrick, machining services, furnace rebuilds, combustion quality, value, and service. We apply ourselves to meet our systems, forehearths, and more. GE GLOBAL RESEARCH 518-387-6975 customer’s various demands on high-temperature materials, One Research Cir MB 159A Niskayuna NY 12309 including refractories, ceramics, and industry raw materials. FUSE TECH/HOT TECH GROUP 419-841-9323 3400 Silica Rd Fax: 419-842-0693 http://www.geglobalresearch.com FIVES NORTH AMERICAN COMBUSTION INC Sylvania OH 43560 Making aircraft engines more efficient. Powering the world 4455 E 71st St 216-271-6000 http://www.fusetech.com with flexible gas turbines. Crunching big data. Pioneering the Cleveland OH 44105 Fax: 216-641-7852 [email protected] Industrial Internet. Creating greener ground transportation. https://combustion.fivesgroup.com Refining medical imaging for the future. For more than a [email protected] Performs ceramic welding and refractory services, including hot century, GE Global Research serves as the cornerstone of and cold repairs. The ceramic welding process was developed GE innovation. Currently, more than 3,000 of the world’s Supplier of combustion systems, products, and controls. and originally designed for the in-situ repair of glass furnaces. brightest scientists, engineers, and researchers are working together to deliver technical breakthroughs for GE customers. FLUID ENERGY PROCESSING & EQUIPMENT CO FUSION CERAMICS INC 330-627-2191 4300 Bethlehem Pike 215-721-8990 160 Scio Rd SE Fax: 330-627-2082 GELLER MICROANALYTICAL LABORATORY INC Telford PA 18969 Fax: 215-721-2355 PO Box 127 426 E Boston St Rt 1 978-887-7000 http://fluidenergype.com Carrollton OH 44615 Topsfield MA 01983 Fax: 978-887-6671 [email protected] http://www.fusionceramics.com http://www.gellermicro.com Established 1955. Designs and manufactures ultrafine [email protected] [email protected] grinding and flash-drying systems as well as contract Manufactures glass and ceramic frits for whiteware, pottery, Specializes in quantitative analysis of boron, carbon, nitrogen, toll grinding, crushing, coating, screening, blending, and tile, vitrified abrasives, refractories and metallurgical oxygen, etc., in micrometer-size areas. Elemental mapping, micronizing of chemicals and refractory products. applications, decorating enamels for glasses and ceramics, diffusion studies, failure analysis, reverse engineering, and and specialty pigments and specks. Prepares custom, dry- phase are determinations. FOSBEL INC 216-362-3900 blended glazes, engobes (including Brikote), bodies, and 20600 Sheldon Rd Fax: 216-362-3901 bonds. Sells Reimbold & Strick stains, BMQ precious metals, GENERAL GLASS EQUIPMENT CO 609-345-7500 Brook Park OH 44142 ICA organic coatings, and raw materials. General Glass Bldg Fax: 609-652-5700 http://www.fosbel.com 900 W Leeds Ave [email protected] GAMRY INSTRUMENTS 215-682-9330 Pleasantville NJ 08232 734 Louis Dr Provides a range of furnace maintenance services, including Warminster PA 18974 http://generalglassequipment.com ceramic-welding technology to repair all types of damaged [email protected] refractories without furnace shutdown, rebricking services, http://www.gamry.com Offers complete glass plants, engineering services, batch checker cleaning and other hot repairs, inspections, and [email protected] wetting systems, oscillating and standard nonoscillating consulting. For more than 20 years, Gamry Instruments provides high batch chargers and controls, luminous furnaces, continuous performance electrochemical instruments (potentiostat/ glassmelting furnaces, automatic reversal systems, block FOUNDATION FLOORS 954-256-1447 galvanostat/ZRA). A wide variety of experimental techniques cooling systems, and more. 4100 N Powerline Rd Ste B-3 Fax: 954-357-2151 are available for electrochemical testing. Pompano Beach FL 33073 GENERAL MATERIAL INDUSTRIAL CO +86 757 8270 1478 http://www.foundationfloors.com GARG PROCESS GLASS INDIA PVT LTD +91 22 2883 0309 Rm 2303 Tower 1 Junning Bldg [email protected] 2/222 New Sonal Link Ind Est Fax: +91 22 2888 3300 No 213 Funing Rd Link Rd Malad West Foshan Guangdong 528000 China Foundation Floors offers flooring materials from brands you Mumbai Maharashtra 400064 India know at the best prices. We carry bamboo, engineered, http://www.amic.biz laminate, carpet, tile, vinyl, stone, and solid hardwood flooring. http://gargglassindia.com [email protected] Visit FoundationFloors.com to learn more about our products. [email protected] GMIC mullite insulating brick are made of calcined mullite and Manufacturer and exporter of scientific lab glassware and imported calcined alumina. Various types of GMIC insulating FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR CERAMIC TECHNOLOGIES scientific equipment such as distillation unit and reaction unit. brick can meet the requirements of heat-process and chemical- AND SYSTEMS IKTS +49 351 25537512 physical applications, and are used in industrial furnaces. Winterbergstrasse 28 Dresden Fax: +49 351 2554300 Saxony 1277 Germany GENERAL SPRAY DRYING SERVICE INC 908-353-2477 1001 Newark Ave Fax: 908-353-0060 http://www.ikts.fraunhofer.de/en.html Elizabeth NJ 07208 [email protected] http://[email protected] Covers advanced ceramics including the development [email protected] and application of modern ceramic materials, production technologies, and components up to intelligent system Custom spray drying of glass, ceramics, metals, and chemicals. solutions in many industry sectors for both structural and Moisture and particle-size control. Dry blending, powder functional ceramics. cooling, and wet milling available. Test runs to full production.

122 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 HarbisonWalker Intl

GERLING APPLIED ENGINEERING INC 209-527-8960 GORKA CEMENT 312-772-0251 H.C. STARCK NORTH AMERICAN TRADING LLC PO Box 580816 Fax: 209-527-5385 58 Lipcowa St 45 Industrial Pl 617-630-5800 Modesto CA 95358-0015 Trzebinia 32-540 Poland Newton MA 02461-1951 Fax: 617-630-5919 http://www.2450mhz.com http://www.gorka.us http://www.hcstarck.com [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Engineers, designs, and manufactures industrial microwave- For more than 100 years, Gorka Cement has been The H.C. Starck Group is a leading global supplier with heating equipment. Standard and custom products include manufacturing calcium aluminate and high alumina cements 14 production sites in Europe, America, and Asia. It produces generators, waveguide components, applicators, and from our headquarters in Trzebinia, Poland. Our technical advanced ceramic and technology metal powders and complete systems operating at 2.45 GHz. knowledge, experience and longevity in manufacturing help processes these materials into mill products and fabricated make the GORKAL brand of cements an excellent choice parts. GFS CHEMICALS INC 800-858-9682 for all applications. We pride ourselves on the quality, 851 McKinley Ave Fax: 740-881-5989 consistency and purity of our products. H.C. STARCK SURFACE TECHNOLOGY AND CERAMIC Columbus OH 43222 Since 2000, we have been part of the Mapei group. This POWDERS GMBH +49 5321 7510 affiliation has assisted us in expanding our customer base Im Schleeke 78-91 Goslar Fax: +49 5321 7516191 http://www.gfschemicals.com to new markets and applications in over 60 countries Lower Saxony D-38642 Germany [email protected] throughout the world. https://www.hcstarck.com/en/hc_starck_group/about_hc_ GFS Chemicals is a specialty chemicals manufacturer starck/divisions/surface_technology__ceramic_powders.html of bulk inorganics, organic intermediates, and analytical GRAINBOUND LLC 855-472-4623 [email protected] reagents including perchlorates, chlorates, nitrates, iodates, 301 Broadway Ste M100G periodates, oxides, lithium salts, heavy metal, and precious Bethlehem PA 18015 The H.C. Starck Surface Technology & Ceramic Powders metal compounds. GmbH offers a wide variety of thermal spray powders and http://www.grainbound.com complementary coating technology materials, as well as [email protected] GLASS MFG INDUSTRY COUNCIL 614-818-9423 the most extensive nonoxide ceramic powder portfolio for 600 N Cleveland Ave Ste 210 Fax: 614-818-9485 GrainBound, LLC diagnoses and solves industrial processing advanced ceramics and high-end applications and also Westerville OH 43082 and performance issues pertaining to ceramic parts and atomized metal powders for a broad scope of innovative powders by examining grain boundaries. Our team calls upon technologies, for example, additive manufacturing, hot http://gmic.org decades of interface design experience, utilizes state-of-the- isostatic pressing, metal injection molding, laser cladding, [email protected] art experimental techniques, and big data analytics to optimize and plasma spraying. A nonprofit trade association, the first organization to your process to create reliable, high-quality products. represent all sectors of the glass industry (container, flat, HAIKU TECH EUROPE BV +31 43 457 8080 specialty and fiberglass). Dedicated to promoting the interests GRAND POWER SYSTEMS FORMALLY WARNER POWER LLC Spoorweglaan 16 Maastricht Fax: +31 43 457 8053 and economic growth, and sustainability of the glass industry. 1500 Marion 844-383-8644 6221 BS The Netherlands Grand Haven MI 49417 http://www.haikutech.com https://grandpowersystems.com/ [email protected] [email protected] Customized technical and equipment solutions for the Warner Power provides highly engineered power conversion manufacture of ceramic multilayer products. Portfolio products and services that improve process reliability and includes: dielectric powders, binders, tape casters, sheet GLEN MILLS INC 973-777-0777 efficiency for a broad range of industries worldwide. blankers, mechanical punches, screen printers, stackers, 220 Delawanna Ave Fax: 973-777-0070 isostatic laminators, green chip (hot knife) dicers, termination Clifton NJ 07014 equipment, furnaces, optical dilatometers, belt furnaces, GREENLEE DIAMOND TOOL CO 866-451-3316 and visual inspection equipment. We also offer ceramic http://www.glenmills.com 2375 Touhy Ave Fax: 847-593-3165 tape development and manufacturing consulting services. [email protected] Elk Grove Village IL 60007-5330 Represent Keko Equipment, LONG Automatic Machinery, Markets sample preparation equipment, including milling http://www.greenleediamond.com HengLi Eletek, and Polymer Innovations. (wet and dry milling for size reduction), powder blending, [email protected] sample dividing, and sample extraction. Full line of diamond and CBN products including resin, HAIKU TECH INC 305-463-9304 NEW: Kakuhunter centrifugal planetary mixer for mixing polyimide, metal, hybrid, vitrified, and electroplated. Diamond 11025 NW 29th St Fax: 305-463-8751 viscous liquids and pastes; degassing. band saw blades for cutting a variety of materials, including Doral FL 33172 Offers ceramic, glass, and steel beads and balls. Pilot-plant- silicon, quartz, sapphire, ceramics, graphite, glass, and carbides. http://www.haikutech.com sized equipment available. Laboratory tests and contract work. [email protected] GWENT ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LTD +44 1495 7505 Customized technical and equipment solutions for the GMA INDUSTRIES INC 734-595-7300 Mamhilad Park Monmouth House manufacture of ceramic multilayer products. Portfolio 38127 Ecorse Rd Fax: 734-595-1310 Pontypool Gwent NP4 Fax: +44 1495 752121 includes: dielectric powders, binders, tape casters, sheet Romulus MI 48174 NP4 0HZ UK blankers, mechanical punches, screen printers, stackers, http://www.gmaind.com http://g-e-m.com isostatic laminators, green chip (hot knife) dicers, [email protected] [email protected] termination equipment, furnaces, optical dilatometers, and visual inspection equipment. We also offer ceramic GMA Industries is a leading supplier of recycled abrasive Manufactures pastes and inks for electronics, automotive, tape development and manufacturing consulting services. media and virgin abrasive media for blasting operations and decorative and passive components industries, including Represent Keko Equipment, LONG Automatic Machinery, finishing applications. Specializing in aluminum oxide, steel conductive and insulating, particulate- and organometallic- Expert Systems Solutions, and Polymer Innovations. shot, steel grit, and nu-soft. based products. Provides full range of materials. HALDOR TOPSOE A/S +45 45 27 20 00 GOCERAM AB +46 31 18 11 03 H&M ANALYTICAL SERVICES INC 609-758-5700 Haldor Tops??es All?© 1 Fax: +45 45 27 29 99 Svealiden 8 35 Hutchinson Rd Fax: 609-758-5708 Lyngby DK-2800 Kgs Denmark Vastra Gotaland County Allentown NJ 08501 http://topsoe.com Molndal S-431 39 Sweden http://h-and-m-analytical.com http://goceram.com [email protected] Our scope is broad: from nanotechnology research and [email protected] development of catalysts and catalytic processes to Analytical testing lab providing X-ray diffraction, X-ray aftersales service of our customers’ plants. Develops, manufactures, and markets medium-pressure fluorescence, particle size distribution, and SEM/ injection-molding systems, including low-cost mixers, EDS services. Provides litigation support, such as patent infringement and expert witness testimony. HARBISONWALKER INTL 412-375-6600 injection-molding machines, and rate-controlled debinding 1305 Cherrington Pkwy Ste 100 furnaces as well as supercritical carbon dioxide binder Moon Township PA 15108 extractors. H.C. STARCK GMBH +49 9287 8070 Lorenz-Hutschenreuther-Str 81 Fax: +49 9287 807477 http://thinkhwi.com GOODFELLOW CORP 724-695-7060 Selb Bavaria 95100 Germany [email protected] 125 Hookstown Grade Rd Fax: 724-695-7063 http://www.hcstarck.com With more than 150 years of industry leadership, Coraopolis PA 15108-9302 [email protected] HarbisonWalker International (HWI) is the largest supplier of http://www.goodfellowusa.com With almost 100 years of experience, H.C. Starck is a refractory products and services in the United States. HWI [email protected] leading premium supplier of the technology metals tungsten, serves virtually every major industry that requires refractory molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, and rhenium; high- solutions to enhance production and protect assets. Supplies ceramics and custom ceramic components as performance ceramics; and thermal spray powders. With well as metals, polymers, and other materials to meet the innovativeness, a clear commitment to quality, and extensive R&D and specialist production requirements of science and technological expertise, H.C. Starck works side-by-side with industry worldwide. their customers along the entire value-creation chain, supporting them as an expert partner in development and solution creation.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 123 Harper International Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS LAB 865-574-5123 HUNTER CHEMICAL LLC 215-461-1900 Building 4515 865-574-4913 220 Commerce Dr Ste 405 Fax: 215-461-1919 PO Box 2008 Fort Washington PA 19034 Oak Ridge TN 37831-6062 http://www.hunterchem.com http://www.html.ornl.gov [email protected] HARPER INTERNATIONAL 716-276-9900 [email protected] 4455 Genesee St Ste 123 Fax: 716-810-9460 Hunter Chemical is an ISO9001:2015 certified supplier of Buffalo NY 14225 HTML is a DOE User Facility dedicated to solving materials nickel, cobalt, and chrome-based raw materials, including problems that limit the efficiency and reliability of systems oxides and carbonates used in ceramic, refractory, and http://www.harperintl.com for power generation and energy conversion, distribution and related applications. Materials are stocked at multiple [email protected] use. Includes six user centers. locations across the U.S. for prompt delivery. Harper is the world leader in complete thermal processing solutions and technical services for the production of HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LIMITED +91 831 247 2739 HUNTERLAB 703-471-6870 advanced ceramic materials, including custom designed Post Bag 1 +91 831 247 2738 11491 Sunset Hills Rd Fax: 703-471-4237 rotary, pusher, and belt conveyor furnaces. Harper’s Belagavi Karnataka 590 010 India Reston VA 20190 experience spans a range of engineering ceramics, with http://www.hindalco.com http://hunterlab.com extensive experience in designing for the production of [email protected] [email protected] silicon nitride, tungsten carbide, boron nitride, and aluminas. Additionally, Harper kilns are widely used to calcine powders Established 1938 as part of Alcan Group Co. Manufactures Manufactures systems that measure reflected and and sinter components such as thermistors, varistors, and metallurgical, ceramic, and special grades of alumina and transmitted color, and quantify how color appears to monolithic and multilayer capacitors. hydrates, carbon/graphite shapes, and semifabricated the human eye. Measures incoming material as well as aluminum products. Acquired by Aditya Birla Group in 2000. in-process and final product inspection. Systems measure color, achromaticity, whiteness, and more.

HYSITRON INC 952-835-6366 9625 W 76th St Fax: 952-835-6166 Minneapolis MN 55344 https://www.hysitron.com HARROP INDUSTRIES INC 614-231-3621 HITACHI HIGH TECHNOLOGIES AMERICA, INC [email protected] 3470 E 5th Ave Fax: 614-235-3699 22610 Gateway Center Dr Ste 100 800-253-3053 Columbus OH 43219-3816 Clarksburg MD US 20871-2007 Fax: 301-990-0472 Hysitron is the world leader in developing nanomechanical test instruments and designs cutting edge technology for http://harropusa.com https://www.hitachi-hightech.com/us/ the scientific community since 1992. As the pioneers of in [email protected] [email protected] situ imaging with nanomechanical property measurement capabilities, Hysitron grew with the nanotechnology market Established 1919. Engineers and constructs kilns, dryers, Hitachi provides technologically advanced imaging solutions for over two decades. and ceramic process plants. Comprehensive expertise with to the materials science, biological and academic research, field-built and prefabricated designs. Serves all segments of and industrial manufacturing sectors. Our innovative and the ceramic industry with belt furnaces, forced-air bakeout reliable instrumentation includes SEM, TEM, dedicated STEM, ovens, and more. FIB, Ion Milling instrumentation, tabletop microscopes, and sample prep systems. Hitachi’s new portfolio of SPM products offer extraordinary levels of performance and ease-of-use, HEARTLAND WOOD FLOORING 754-600-9990 including revolutionary environmental controls that support a 4100 North Powerline Rd Ste B-3 variety of in-situ observations. II-VI AEROSPACE & DEFENSE 951-926-2994 Pompano Beach FL 33073 Fax: 754-300-1488 36570 Briggs Road http://www.heartlandwoodflooring.com HITECH MATERIALS PTY LTD +61 419 991 930 Murrieta CA 92563 [email protected] 60-62 Murray Park Rd http://iiviad.com Heartland Wood Flooring supplies laminate, marble, tile, Figtree New South Wales 2525 Australia [email protected] carpet, vinyl, solid and engineered wood, and cork flooring. http://www.hitechmaterials.com.au II-VI Aerospace & Defense (II-VI A&D) brings together several [email protected] leading optical brands under II-VI Inc. Our expanding and HED INTL INC 609-466-1900 We investigate refractory and ceramic failures, offer testing extensive capabilities cover a wide range of products and PO Box 246 Fax: 609-466-3608 and analysis services to any standard or nonstandard applications making us the most advantageous supplier Ringoes NJ 08551 method, prepare expert witness reports, independently of optical and laser components and subassemblies, http://hed.com compare materials from different supplier, and validate engineered materials, and specialty solutions. As an [email protected] material properties. integrated provider, II-VI A&D is uniquely positioned to offer critical and complex design, engineering, and production Manufactures and sells unique/pereny kilns and furnaces. HOCKMEYER EQUIPMENT CORP 252-338-4705 requirements of customers in the aerospace and defense Manufactures and supplies Isomax blue-flame burner 6 Kitty Hawk Ln Fax: 252-338-6540 industries. From concept design development through systems. Specializes in tape-casting machines, custom-built Elizabeth City NC 27909 production, we collaborate with our customers to integrate equipment, and computer-controlled system integration. the design and manufacture of systems that consistently Import and export capabilities. https://hockmeyer.com exceed expectations. We are transforming our ideas into [email protected] cutting edge solutions for a safer tomorrow. HERAEUS QUARTZ UK LTD +44 191 262 5311 Hockmeyer Equipment is a leader in the wet grinding and Neptune Rd Fax: +44 191 263 8040 dispersion industry and offers custom designed process Wallsend Tyne & Wear NE28 6DD UK equipment for mixing, blending, dispersing, and particle size reduction as fine as 25 nanometers. http://www.heraeus-quarzglas.com [email protected] HORIBA INSTRUMENTS INC 949-250-4811 Manufacture fused quartz and fused silica materials and 9755 Research Dr Fax: 949-468-1790 I SQUARED R ELEMENT CO 716-542-5511 products for semiconductor, optical, fiber-optics, and more. Irvine CA 92618 12600 Clarence Center Rd Fax: 716-542-2100 Products include fused quartz and synthetic fused silica Akron NY 14001 ingots, optical components, tubes, and rods. Worldwide http://www.horiba.com http://www.isquaredrelement.com exporter. Manufacturing. [email protected] [email protected] Offering a wide range of analytical instruments, including HEXION INC 614-986-2497 particle-size and shape analysis, particle composition, Established 1964. Manufacturer of Starbar SPC and 180 East Broad Street Fax: 877-443-9466 surface area, water quality, ICP, Raman, X-ray microscopy, Moly-D MoSi2 heating elements for use in a wide range of Columbus OH 43215 process gas analysis, and gloss metering. atmospheres up to 1,800°C element temperature. Offers free furnace design consultation. http://www.hexion.com [email protected] HOTEK ALLIANCE LTD +86 533 381 1405 Century Rd Fax: +86 533 381 1827 IFB INSULATING FIREBRICK INC 724-282-1012 Based in Columbus, Ohio, Hexion Inc is a global producer Zhangdia Zibo Shandong 255000 China 899 Bedford St Fax: 724-431-0944 of epoxy specialty resins, modifiers, and curing agents Claysburg PA 16625 thermoset resins. Thermoset resins now encompass global http://www.hotekalliance.com http://insulatingfirebrick.com operations that produce high performance phenolic, epoxy, [email protected] [email protected] and unsaturated polyester resin technologies. Established in 1988, Hotek Alliance Limited is a leading manufacturer of heating elements in China. 90% of its Offers a complete line of high-temperature insulating products are sold internationally to Europe (U.K., Poland, firebrick and in-house capabilities to provide arches, keys, Germany, France), U.S., Canada, South Africa, Australia, wedes, and skews. Most grades and straights are stocked. Russia, South Korea, and Japan.

124 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 J Rettenmaier USA

IMERYS 770-645-3705 IPS CERAMICS LTD +44 1782 711511 100 Mansell Court East Ste 300 Fax: 770-645-3460 Unit 6 High Carr Business Park Fax: +44 1782 717078 Roswell GA 30076 Decade Close Newcastle under Lyme ST5 7UH UK http://imerys.com [email protected] http://www.ipsceramics.com [email protected] Imerys Ceramics, a business unit of Imerys, produces and INGREDIENT MASTERS INC 513-231-7432 supplies performance minerals for the ceramics and glass 377 East Main Street Fax: 513-457-5708 IPS Ceramics is a manufacturer of specialist high- industries. A premier worldwide supplier of kaolin and ball Batavia OH 45103 temperature ceramics. Its products are largely based on clays, feldspar, ceramic bodies, glazes, mica, and silica sands. cordierite-mullite systems that result in aluminosilicate http://www.ingredientmasters.com refractory products that are strong and stable at high [email protected] IMERYS FUSED MINERALS MURG GMBH +49 7763 933500 temperatures. Ferroweg 1 Fax: +49 7763 933989 Precision Batching Systems for major, minor and micro Laufenburg D79725 Germany ingredients. IPSEN CERAMICS 815-239-2385 325 John St Fax: 815-239-2387 http://www.imerys-fusedminerals.com If you use dry powder, flake or granular materials in paper PO Box 420 [email protected] bags, drums, or even 4,000 lb. bulk sacks and you want to shorten process cycles, improve consistency, reduce fuel Pecatonica IL 61063 Manufacturer of zirconia and other oxide powders and grains costs, or eliminate product waste, call us today. Our custom http://ipsenceramics.com for refractories, engineering ceramics, and coatings dry bulk batching solutions and expert controls capability [email protected] have increased capacity, reduced labor costs, and improved Produces a wide variety of standard and custom refractory IMERYS REFRACTORY MINERALS 229-924-4461 bottom line results for customers worldwide. Custom shapes, and toll firing services. Typical ceramic shapes PO Box 37 Fax: 229-924-4461 turnkey systems are engineered to meet the requirements of include plates, saggers, crucibles, and kiln furniture. Formulas Andersonville GA 31711 processors of all types, from small, manual systems to very large, automated systems. include high-percentage alumina and fused silica. Also, toll http://imerys-refractoryminerals.com firing services. [email protected] INNOVNANO - ADVANCED MATERIALS SA Imerys Refractory Minerals is the world leader in minerals for iParque Lote 13 +351 239 002 850 ISOFORM LTD +44 1630 652772 refractory, investment casting, and other industrial applications. Apartado 7030 Antanhol Fax: +351 239 002 869 Maer Lane Ind Est Market Drayton Products include calcined aluminosilicates, chamottes, 3040-570 Portugal Shropshire TF9 1QS UK Fax: +44 1630 652518 andalusites, fused silicas, refractory clays, and fused minerals. http://www.innovnano-materials.com http://www.isoform.co.uk [email protected] [email protected] INDIAN CERAMIC SOCIETY +91 33 2413 88 Designs and manufactures high-performance dry-bag CSIR - Central Glass & Ceramic Fax: +91 33 2413 8878 Innovnano is a specialist manufacturer of high quality isostatic presses (CIP), associated tooling, polyurethane Research Institute 196 Raja S.C Mullick Rd nanostructured zirconia-based powders and alumina zinc molds, powder-filling devices, and unloading systems. A wide Jadavpur PO Opposite of Jadavpur Police Station oxide (AZO) sputtering targets. Using a unique synthesis range of product shapes can be produced from most free- Kolkata West Bengal 700 032 India technology—emulsion detonation synthesis (EDS)— Innovnano guarantees small grain sizes and excellent flowing powdered materials. http://incers.org chemical homogeneity for high performance powders that [email protected] support high-tech industries. ISRAEL CERAMIC & SILICATE INST +972 4-822-2107 Established 1928. Promotes the advancement of technical Technion City Fax: +972 4-832-5339 and scientific information, education, and research in INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED MATERIALS-CERAMICS IN Haifa 32000 Israel ceramics in India. Membership confined to individuals who MECHANICAL ENGINEERING +49 721 60844246 http://isracer.org are scientists, technologists, partners, or proprietors of a firm. Haid-und-Neu-Str 7 Karlsruhe Fax: +49 721 60848891 [email protected] Baden-Wurttemberg D-76131 Germany Performs contract and technological research in the field of INDO US MIM TEC +91 80 2204 8800 http://www.iam.kit.edu/km/286.php ceramics and glass. Objective is the development of new No 45 P KIADB Industrial Area Fax: +91 80 2797 1624 [email protected] products or fabrication technologies. Focus is on solid-state Hoskote Bangalore Karnataka 562 114 India Scientists in the Institute of Ceramics in Mechanical lasers, piezoceramics, ceramic armor, transparent ceramics, http://indo-mim.com/home.html Engineering within the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and glass. [email protected] deal with the development of engineering ceramics for Indo-Mim is a leading global supplier of metal injection molded various high-tech applications. products and is a fully integrated MIM parts producer with capabilities and proficiency in design, tooling, and materials, INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIFFRACTION DATA and a full range of finishing and assembly operations. 12 Campus Blvd 610-325-9814 Newtown Square PA 19073 Fax: 610-325-9823 INDUCERAMIC 226-476-1298 http://www.icdd.com IVOCLAR VIVADENT, INC. +423 235 35 35 285 Erb St W Unit 106 Fax: 226-666-7122 [email protected] Bendererstrasse 2 Waterloo ON N2L 1W5 Canada 9494 Schaan The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) and Principality of Liechtensteinen http://www.induceramic.com Materials Data (MDI) focus on the needs of the materials [email protected] characterization scientific community by providing the www.ivoclarvivadent.com [email protected] Induceramic, founded in Canada in 2006, specializes in industrial Powder Diffraction File (PDF) and JADE analysis software. ceramic products and equipment. Induceramic focuses on PDF Release 2020 contains over 1,000,000 entries for Ivoclar Vivadent is a global leader in innovative materials applications and uses its broad experience to ensure excellent phase identification and JADE Pro software provides the and processes for quality, esthetic dentistry. The production capabilities for industrial ceramic products. best in X-ray powder diffraction data analysis. These material company employs over 3200 people and operates in over identification databases are interfaced with diffractometers 120 countries throughout the world. Ivoclar Vivadent is and data analysis systems of the world’s leading software headquartered in Schaan, Liechtenstein. INDUSTRIAL CERAMIC PRODUCTS INC 800-427-2278 developers and manufacturers of X-ray equipment. 14401 Suntra Way Fax: 937-644-2646 Marysville OH 43040 J RETTENMAIER USA 269-679-2340 INTERNATIONAL CERAMIC ENGINEERING 508-853-4700 16369 US Highway 131 S http://industrialceramic.com 235 Brooks St Schoolcraft MI 49087-9150 [email protected] Worcester MA 01606 http://www.jrs.eu/jrs_en Established 1936. Manufactures refractory specialties for http://www.intlceramics.com [email protected] ceramics, heat-treating, foundry and investment-casting industries. Diverse product line includes pottery pins, gating International Ceramic Engineering specializes in the design The J Rettenmaier & So¨ hne Group (JRS) dedicates itself components, pouring cups, and filters for molten metals. and manufacture of unique components. Our primary to research, development, and processing of high quality objective is to provide these components and associated organic fibers derived from vegetable raw materials. JRS services in a manner that ensures consistent and reliable INDUSTRIAL HARD CARBON LLC 800-752-7629 makes many features of these valuable natural substances performance. Quality is our commitment to our customers. available for industrial purposes, including products made of 771 Crosspoint Dr Fax: 704-489-2177 The quality process is monitored from design to completion Denver NC 28037 cellulose, cereal, and fruit fibers or woodfibers, processed to guarantee an integrated and controlled process. This into microfibers, compacts, granules, mixtures, or special http://industrialhardcarbon.com process yields components of the highest precision, dosage forms as needed. The basis of these concepts is an [email protected] accuracy, repeat-ability and quality. ICE offers a broad range innovative enhanced process technology (EPT) with JRS’s of advanced ceramic and performance plastic materials. unique, innovative process engineering modular system. Hard carbon deposition services. Our materials experts are available to help determine the most cost-effective geometry for your advanced material requirements.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 125 James Instruments Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

JAMES INSTRUMENTS 773-463-6565 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY KYOCERA INTERNATIONAL INC 619-576-2600 3727 N Kedzie Ave Fax: 773-463-0009 550 Polaris Pkwy Ste 510 866-721-3322 8611 Balboa Ave Chicago IL 60618 Westerville Ohio 43082 Fax: 614-794-5892 San Diego CA 92123-1580 http://www.ndtjames.com http://ceramics.org http://global.kyocera.com [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Manufactures nondestructive test equipment for concrete and This publication is one of the top sources for ceramic and Established in 1959, Kyocera’s track record in Fine Ceramics other coarse-grained materials. Supplies ceramic materials glass science research, providing scientists, engineers, and is unmatched. Expanding its reach into everyday products testing instruments that measure and analyze strength, students with critically assessed, original research for over and fostering discoveries into uncharted territories, we structure, corrosion, and moisture in concrete, and more. 100 years. utilize our extensive resources in research, development and production to select the optimal raw materials and manufacturing methods for each application. Breakthroughs JAPAN FINE CERAMICS CENTER +81 52-871-3500 JTF MICROSCOPY SERVICES, LLC 607-292-6808 and improvements in a wide range of industries are 2-4-1 Mutsuno Atsuta-ku Fax: +81 52-871-3599 9064 Wixson Rd facilitated by the unique qualities of Kyocera’s Fine Ceramics. Nagoya Aichi 456-8587 Japan Hammondsport NY 14840-9334 http://www.jfcc.or.jp http://www.jtfmicroscopy.com L&L KILN MFG INC 856-294-0077 [email protected] Established 1985. R&D-based organization for 505 Sharptown Rd Fax: 856-294-0070 standardization, quality improvement, and expansion of JTF Microscopy Services LLC is an independent company Swedesboro NJ 08085 uses and applications of advanced ceramics, engineering that provides microscopic defect analysis and glass http://hotkilns.com ceramics, and electronic ceramics. Offers contract-basis tests technology services to glass manufacturers around the world [email protected] and research. and related industries such as raw materials, refractory, furnace repair and cullet/recycling, as well as pharmaceutical Manufactures ceramic electric kilns for more than 70 years. & automotive components. Services the industrial, professional, institutional, and hobby JENIKE & JOHANSON 978-649-3300 ceramics markets with top-loading, bell-lift, car bottom, and 400 Business Park Dr front-loading kilns that use ceramic Dyna-Glow element Tyngsboro MA 01879 JYOTI CERAMIC INDUSTRIES PVT LTD +91 253 235 0120 holders. Temperatures up to 2,350°F. C-21 N.I.C.E Fax: +91 253 235 0023 https://jenike.com/ Satpur Nashik Maharashtra [email protected] 422007 India Jenike & Johanson specializes in solids handling with https://www.jyoticeramic.com expertise in storage, feeding, conveying, and processing. Our [email protected] skilled, highly technical team of experts and industry-leading innovations has successfully delivered engineering solutions Manufactures standard and custom-made industrial ceramics for 50 years. We are the world’s leading technology company in a variety of ceramic compositions such as aluminum in this field. Our solutions achieve reliable solids flow with oxide, zirconium oxide, zirconia-toughened alumina, mullite, L&L SPECIAL FURNACE CO INC 610-459-9216 minimized variations based on proven theories and extensive cordierite, steatite, and forsterite. Exports worldwide 20 Kent Rd Fax: 610-459-3689 project experience. PO Box 2129 Typical project focuses include raw material storage and KEITH CO 800-545-4567 Aston PA 19014 metering, mixed batch handling and process/furnace feeding, 8323 Loch Lomond Dr Fax: 562-949-3696 root cause investigation of mixed batch variations due to Pico Rivera CA 90660-2507 https://llfurnace.com segregation, as well as finished powder storage and packing. [email protected] http://www.keithcompany.com Understanding material flow properties is at the core of all [email protected] Manufactures industrial electric and gas-fired furnaces and our work, including the effects of temperature, storage times, kilns up to 1,700°C maximum temperature. Features include humidity/moisture migration and other process conditions. Provides furnace systems for processing electronics and car bottom, bottom loader, box furnace, controlled atmosphere advanced materials, as well as specialty metals from 500– (including hydrogen), pusher, and continuous types. 1,800°C. Fifty-four years of experience providing furnaces for JEOL USA INC 978-535-5900 high temperature, precise temperature, and atmosphere control. 11 Dearborn Rd Fax: 978-536-2205 LAEIS GMBH +352 27 61 21 09 Peabody MA 01960-3823 Am Scheerleck 7 Wecker KERNEOS INC 877-527-6367 L-6868 Luxembourg http://www.jeolusa.com 1316 Priority Ln Fax: 757-284-3333 [email protected] Chesapeake VA 23324 http://laeis.eu +352 27 61 20 Since 1949, the JEOL legacy is one of outstanding innovation http://kerneosinc.com [email protected] Produces high-performance hydraulic presses, in developing instruments used to advance scientific research [email protected] dryers, and kilns, mainly for refractories, advanced and and technology. JEOL has 60 years of expertise in the Manufactures six refractory cements with alumina content technical ceramics, fine ceramics, building material, and field of electron microscopy, more than 50 years in mass (purity level) ranging from 40–80%. other applications. spectrometry and NMR spectrometry, and more than 40 years of e-beam lithography leadership. KOREA INST OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY LAGUNA CLAY CO 626-330-0631 7-47 Songdo-dong Yeonsu-gu +82 10-7633-0902 14400 Lomitas Ave Fax: 626-333-7694 JET EDGE WATERJET SYSTEMS 763-497-8700 Incheon Sudogwon Korea Fax: +82 32-850-0230 City Of Industry CA 91746 12070 43rd St NE http://lagunaclay.com St Michael MN 55376 http://www.kitech.re.kr [email protected] [email protected] http://jetedge.com [email protected] A government research institute to help develop Manufactures dry, pugged, and slip clay (custom and stock), technologies for the domestic industry, with focus on export powder and liquid glazes (custom and stock), Pacifica potter’s Jet Edge manufactures precision waterjet cutting machines, competitiveness and SMEs. Receives government and private wheels, Laguna kickwheels, gas kilns, banding wheels, water jet intensifier pumps, and waterjet parts. Jet Edge funding; distributes its research grants to private companies. and ware racks. Supplies raw materials, hydraulic presses, also makes mobile waterjet cutting systems and ultrahigh jiggers, and mixers. pressure water blasting systems for cleaning and surface KOYO BEARINGS NORTH AMERICA 864-770-2100 preparation applications. 7 Research Dr LANCASTER PRODUCTS 717-273-2111 Greenville SC 29607 920 Mechanic St JIFFY MIXER CO INC 951-272-0838 LebanonPA 17046 1691 California Ave Fax: 951-279-7651 http://www.jtekt-na.com https://www.lancasterproducts.com Corona CA 92881-3375 [email protected] [email protected] http://jiffymixer.com Manufactures and supplies ball and roller bearings, including [email protected] bearings for extreme special environments. Produces mixers (rotating pan, countercurrent, high- intensity, and muller mixer as well as pug mills), KT Produces a portable, nonelectrical, all-purpose mixer hand KYANITE MINING CORP 434-983-2085 pneumatic conveyors with bulk-bag unloader, double-roll tool. 30 Willis Mountain Plant Ln Fax: 434-983-3579 crushers, table feeders, AutoBrik molded brickmaking Dillwyn VA 23936 machines, and custom machines. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY CENTRE http://kyanite.com Blounts Court Rd +44 118 924 2000 [email protected] Sonning Common Fax: +44 118 924 2254 Reading RC4 9NH UK Mines and markets raw and calcined kyanite (mullite), domestically and internationally. Available in grain sizes of 35, http://www.matthey.com 48, 100, 200, and 325 mesh. Six plants in Virginia. Provides [email protected] alumina silicate mineral. Johnson Matthey is a speciality chemicals company focused on its core skills in catalysis, precious metals, fine chemicals, and process technology.

126 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Matmatch

LASERAGE TECHNOLOGY CORP 847-249-5900 LIXIL CORPORATION MASON COLOR WORKS INC 330-385-4400 3021 N Delany Rd Fax: 847-336-1103 3-77 Minatocyo 250 E 2nd St Pox Box 76 Fax: 330-385-4488 Waukegan IL 60087 Tokoname Aichi 479-8588 Japan East Liverpool OH 43920-5076 http://laserage.com http://global.lixil.co.jp http://masoncolor.com [email protected] [email protected] Established 1942. Manufactures high-quality ceramic Laserage offers fast, flexible, and cost effective laser Established in 1924. Manufactures all types of tile, bathroom colors. Services dinnerware, tile, sanitaryware, and artware cutting, drilling, machining, and scribing for custom fittings and fixtures, sanitaryware, plastic bathtubs, industries with colorants for body, glaze, underglaze, engobe, ceramics applications with guaranteed plug free substrates. prefabricated bathrooms, and vanity cabinets. and overglaze uses. Full lab services, including free plant- Laser processing services for most metals, plastics, and experienced technicians. composites are also available. LUCIDEON +44 1782 764428 Queens Road Penkhull Stoke-on-Trent MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECHNOLOGY 617-253-6889 LECO CORPORATION 800-292-6141 Staffordshire ST4 7LQ UK Fax: +44 1782 412331 77 Massachusetts Ave Rm 13-4037 3000 Lakeview Ave Fax: 269-982-8977 http://www.lucideon.com Cambridge MA 02139-4307 Fax: 617-258-6275 St Joseph MI 49085 [email protected] http://www.mit.edu http://www.leco.com Lucideon, formerly Ceram, is a leading international provider [email protected] [email protected] of materials development, testing, and assurance. Offers undergraduate curriculum in materials science Manufactures and sells lab instruments for the analysis and engineering that covers ceramics, metals, electronic of ceramic and refractory material, sample preparation LUCIFER FURNACES INC 215-343-0411 materials, biomaterials engineering, materials science, equipment, microscopes, hardness testers, and image 2048 Bunnell Rd archaeological materials, and polymers. analysis equipment. Warrington PA 18976 http://www.luciferfurnaces.com MASTER BOND INC 201-343-8983 LEICO INDUSTRIES INC 212-765-5290 [email protected] 154 Hobart St Fax: 201-343-2132 107 Stuyvesant Ave Flr 2 Fax: 212-582-5085 Hackensack NJ 07601 Manufacturer of industrial heat-processing furnaces, ovens, Lyndhurst NJ 07071 and kilns available in batch or continuous models with http://masterbond.com http://www.leicoind.com/index.html operation up to 1,700°C. Economical, energy-efficient models [email protected] [email protected] with protective atmospheres available. Manufactures adhesives, sealants, epoxies, and conductive Established 1966. Supplies alumina solid rod, tubing, and coatings. double- and four-bore insulators; calcia-stabilized, yttria- LUXFER MEL TECHNOLOGIES 908-782-1669 stabilized, and magnesia-stabilized zirconia; beryllium and 500 Barbertown Pt Breeze Rd Flemington NJ 08822 MATERIALS RESEARCH FURNACES INC 603-485-2394 thorium oxides in various forms; and clear fused quartz 65 Pinewood Rd Fax: 603-485-2395 tubing. http://www.luxfermeltechnologies.com Allenstown NH 03275-2300 [email protected] http://www.mrf-furnaces.com LIBERTY MACHINERY CO 847-276-2761 Luxfer MEL Technologies is a leading developer and producer of [email protected] 111 Schelter Rd Fax: 847-276-2762 highly engineered zirconium materials, including monoclinic and Lincolnshire IL 60069 stabilized zirconias for technical ceramics, electronic ceramics, Manufactures high-temperature, vacuum, and controlled- http://www.libertymachinery.com wear parts, fuel cells, and sensors. Manufactured in U.K. atmosphere furnaces. Specializes in custom-designed furnaces [email protected] for the R&D community. Expertise includes lab and batch furnaces, hot presses, physical testing, and sintering furnaces. Liberty is a stocking dealer of used metalworking and M&M CLAYS INC 478-946-5533 159 Railroad St Fax: 478-946-3528 fabricating equipment catering to the needs of the ceramics MATERION ADVANCED MATERIALS 800-327-1355 industry. Let us help you fulfill your machinery needs and turn PO Box 119 McIntyre GA 31054 2978 Main St your surplus equipment into liquid capital. Buffalo NY 14214 [email protected] http://www.materion.com/advancedmaterials LIGNOTECH USA 715-359-6544 Mine and process coarse- and medium-particle-sized airfloat [email protected] 100 Grand Ave Fax: 715-355-3674 and slurry kaolin clay used in ceramics, rubber, adhesives, Rothschild WI 54474-1198 and chemicals. Mine and plant in McIntyre, Georgia. Materion Advanced Materials Group is a global supplier of http://www.lignotech.com over 2,000+ inorganic chemicals manufactured to meet exact [email protected] specifications. Among the company’s offerings are: borides, MACHINED CERAMICS INC 270-781-0512 carbides, fluorides, hydrides, nitrides, oxides, phosphides, Produces lignosulfonate-derived organic binders, densifiers, 629 N Graham St Fax: 270-781-9361 selenides, silicides, sulfides, tellurides, plus customized and dispersants for use in manufacturing refractories, Bowling Green KY 42101 compounds. Inorganic chemicals are available in a range structural clay products, whitewares, technical, and other http://machinedceramics.com of forms, from granules to pellets to powders, and can be ceramics. Worldwide manufacturing, sales, and technical [email protected] produced in small R&D quantities to full production lots. support. Custom precision machining and prototype and production runs. Developmental engineering services available. MATERION CERAMICS 520-741-3410 LINSEIS INC 609-223-2070 6100 S Tucson Blvd 109 North Gold Dr Fax: 609-223-2074 Tucson AZ 85706 Robbinsville NJ 08691 MAGNECO METREL INC 800-323-2511 223 W Interstate Road Fax: 630-543-1479 http://materion.com/ceramics http://www.linseis.com Addison IL 60101 [email protected] [email protected] http://www.magneco-metrel.com Leading supplier of beryllium oxide, a high thermal Manufactures thermal analysis instruments (DSC, TMA, DTA, [email protected] conductivity ceramic that offers heat dissipation. BeO TG, STA), dilatometers, thermal conductivity, and thermal ceramics are a critical component in automotive electronics. diffusivity systems. A specialty refractory manufacturer supplying products and services for the smallest ceramic shapes to linings for the world’s largest blast furnace. Product lines include colloidal MATMATCH +49 89 262075200 LITHOZ GMBH 518-224-3490 silica sol-gel-bonded castables, pumpables, and shotcretes. Leopoldstr 250A 165 Jordan Road Munich 80807 Germany Troy NY 12180 MARYLAND CERAMIC & STEATITE CO INC https://matmatch.com http://www.lithoz.com/en PO Box 527 410-838-4114 [email protected] [email protected] Bel Air MD 21014 Fax: 410-457-4333 Matmatch is an online platform that helps engineers and Lithoz is the system provider for additive manufacturing http://marylandceramic.com product developers find, evaluate and source materials. (3D-printing) of ceramics. As a technology provider, Lithoz [email protected] With a free of charge database of thousands of materials, an covers the whole process chain, from the development of the Etablished 1926. Produces industrial and technical ceramics. intuitive search tool, and supplier listings, it changes the way machine and the material up to the application. Lithoz, based product teams find materials for their projects. in Vienna, Austria, developed the LCM-technology, which is A large extrusion and dry-pretty business. Product line For material suppliers, we offer a new way to reach a slurry-based additive manufacturing-technology based includes steatite, cordierite, lava, plastics, and tape casting. customers online. As a go-to source of information for on photopolymerisation with a very high resolution and very engineers, Matmatch is the perfect platform for suppliers good reproducibility. It allows the production of very delicate MARYLAND REFRACTORIES CO 800-228-4672 to raise awareness of their products and brand. We offer structures and fine details directly from the CAD-data. Most Salisbury Rd Fax: 330-532-3224 insights, analytics and opportunities for material suppliers to sinterable powders can be processed by the LCM-technology. Irondale OH 43932 promote their expertise. Additive manufacturing provides a new design freedom and http://mrcgrog.com allows geometries with nearly no limit. [email protected] Established 1926. Produces industrial and technical ceramics. A large extrusion and dry-pretty business. Product line includes steatite, cordierite, lava, plastics, and tape casting.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 127 McDanel Advanced Ceramic Technologies LLC Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

MIDWESTERN INDUSTRIES INC 330-837-4203 MOISTTECH CORP 941-229-8096 915 Oberlin Rd SW Fax: 330-837-4210 6408 Parkland Dr Ste No 104 Fax: 941-727-1810 PO Box 810 Sarasota FL 34243 Massillon OH 44648 http://www.moisttech.com http://midwesternind.com [email protected] [email protected] MCDANEL ADVANCED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGIES LLC MoistTech is a world leader in NIR moisture measurement 510 Ninth Ave 724-843-8300 Manufactures a complete line of durable screening technology for instant on-line, off-line, and laboratory Beaver Falls PA 15010-4700 Fax: 724-843-5644 products, including round and rectangular screening moisture instrumentation. MoistTech near infrared (NIR) equipment, custom wire cloth, screens and panels, as well gauges and sensors provide the most accurate and http://mcdanelceramics.com as replacement parts and motors. Offers free full-scale test repeatable measurements for manufacturing and quality [email protected] facility. control processes. Insensitive to material variations, such as Manufactures industrial and technical ceramics from alumina, particle size, material height, and color, MoistTech moisture mullite, zirconia, fused silica, and SiAlON. Specializes in MILESTONE DECAL ART LLC 914-908-2733 sensors provide continuous, reliable readings. Sensors are developing custom prototypes to full-scale production of 1872 Pleasantville Rd Ste No 113 Fax: 914-908-2734 one-time calibration, maintenance free, and have a nondrift ceramic components. Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 optical design, allowing operating personnel to confidently make immediate process adjustments based on real-time http://www.milestonedecalart.com measurements. MEMPRO MATERIALS CORP 888-868-9222 [email protected] http://mempro.com We are committed to providing the highest quality glass MOMENTIVE PERFORMANCE MATERIALS INC [email protected] fusing and ceramic decals available. We provide silkscreen 260 Hudson River Rd 800-295-2392 MemPro manufactures ceramic nanofibers, polymeric waterslide decals as well as digital decals. Our custom decal Waterford NY 12188 Fax: 614-986-2496 nanofibers, and catalyst products. It continually works printing service provides all available decal options on the https://www.momentive.com with customers to develop and supply new materials for market. [email protected] innovative technologies. MemPro produces the highest Provide high-purity quartz and advanced ceramic materials quality materials backed by unrivaled knowhow. MINERAL RESEARCH PROCESSING +33 6 82 99 29 72 for the semiconductor, telecommunications, lighting, 7 Rue Francis Garnier Meyzieu Fax: +33 4 78 31 11 78 electronics, personal care, water purification, and other Rhone-Alpes 69330 France MERKLE INTERNATIONAL INC 815-777-2100 industries. Ceramic products include boron nitride powder 9567 US Rte 20 W Fax: 815-777-2106 http://www.mineralresearchprocessing.com coatings/sprays and hot-pressed BN. PO Box 312 [email protected] Galena IL 61036 Research and development of synthetic minerals with MONOFRAX LLC 716-483-7200 http://merkleintl.com controlled chemistry and mineralogy in the field of silicates, 1870 New York Ave Fax: 716-665-2478 [email protected] aluminates, phosphates, titanates. Synthetic minerals are Falconer NY 14733-1740 Designs and supplies custom suspended refractory systems devoted to labs in ceramic research. http://monofrax.com for glass melting, copper, aluminum, steel pelletizing, and [email protected] reheat furnaces and incinerators. Manufactures blanket batch MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY For more than 70 years, Monofrax manufactured fused charger for glass-melting furnaces. 1400 N Bishop 573-341-4711 cast refractories for use in the glass, light metal, steel and 223 McNutt Hall Fax: 573-341-6934 chemical industries. Our recently expanded product line Rolla MO 65409-0340 METTLER-TOLEDO INC 800-638-8537 includes 12 fused cast refractory compositions, five fused 1900 Polaris Pkwy Fax: 614-438-4900 http://mse.mst.edu grain compositions, and a new refractory machining service. Columbus OH 43240 [email protected] http://www.mt.com Offers BS, MS, and PhD in ceramic engineering as well MORGAN ADVANCED MATERIALS 510-491-1100 [email protected] as MS and PhD in materials engineering. Undergraduate 2425 Whipple Road Fax: 510-491-1287 Hayward CA 94544 Offers a complete range of products to complement curriculum emphasizes application of scientific principles to laboratory needs. Laboratory products include balances, solve engineering problems and includes extensive hands-on http://morgantechnicalceramics.com titrators, pH meters, density meters, refractometers, moisture experience. Design and manufacture products for demanding applications analyzers, and thermal analysis equipment. in a variety of markets using a comprehensive range of MIXER SYSTEMS INC 262-691-3100 advanced ceramic, glass, precious metal, piezoelectric, and 190 Simmons Ave Fax: 262-691-3184 MICROMERITICS INSTRUMENT CORP 770-662-3636 dielectric materials. 4356 Communications Dr Fax: 770-662-3696 PO Box 10 Norcross GA 30093 Pewaukee WI 53072 MORGAN TECHNICAL CERAMICS AUBURN http://www.micromeritics.com http://www.mixersytems.com 13079 Earhart Ave 530-823-3401 [email protected] [email protected] Auburn CA 95602 Fax: 530-823-3410 Micromeritics materials characterization analytical Mixer Systems designs and manufactures four different https://www.morgantechnicalceramics.com instruments and contract services determine surface area, high & low shear mechanical batch mixers for the ceramic and glass industry. Turbin, planetary, twin shaft, and single Morgan Technical Ceramics Auburn is a world leader in high- porosity, particle size, particle shape, zeta potential, material purity alumina and custom-made, high-precision ceramic density, catalytic activity, vapor sorption, powder strength, shaft mixers give quick, homogeneous blending for wet or dry mixing. components for a variety of applications and industries, such and more. as medical, analytical, power generation, and aerospace. MODERN TIMES LEGAL 617-401-2460 MICRON INC 302-998-1184 MORGAN THERMAL CERAMICS 706-896-4200 3815 Lancaster Pike Fax: 302-998-1836 1 Broadway 14th Flr Fax: 617-401-3687 Cambridge MA 02142 2102 Old Savannah Rd Wilmington DE 19805 Augusta GA 30906 http://micronanalytical.com http://mxlegal.com [email protected] http://morganthermalceramics.com [email protected] [email protected] For over 50 years, Micron specializes in fourier transform Law firm specializing in the drafting and prosecution of patent applications, particularly relating to ceramics, in the Morgan Thermal Ceramics designs, manufactures, and infared testing (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), installs a broad range of thermal insulation products that energy dispersive United States and internationally. Patent attorney Bob Sayre is a member-at-large of the New England Section of ACerS. significantly reduce energy consumption and emissions in a X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy, electron variety of high temperature processing applications. spectroscopy chemical analysis (ESCA), auger electron microscopy (AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DSC,TGA), and metallography.

MICROTRAC INC 727-507-9770 215 Keystone Dr Fax: 727-507-9774 Montgomeryville PA 18936 MOHR CORP 810-225-9494 MO-SCI CORP 314-364-2338 7996 W Grand River Ave Fax: 810-225-4634 4040 Hypoint Blvd Fax: 573-364-9589 http://microtrac.com Brighton MI 48114 Rolla MO 65401-8277 [email protected] http://www.mohrcorp.com http://mo-sci.com Supplies advanced laser-based particle-size systems. [email protected] [email protected] Measuring particle size from 0.0008 nanometers to 3,000 microns. Machinery resellers, from one machine to entire factories, Manufactures microspheres ranging from submicrometer manufacturing advanced hi-tech products, including to larger than 150 micrometer in diameter in bioactive whitewares and abrasives. Mohr sales are global, with 50+ and custom glass compositions. Medical-grade glass years experience helping buyers and sellers enhance their production. R&D services include development of new glass ceramic manufacturing operations. Call Mohr today. compositions. 128 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Norcross Viscosity Controls

MSE SUPPLIES LLC 520-789-6673 NANOFILM 216-447-1199 NEVZ-CERAMICS, CLOSE JSC +7 383 225-82-75 4400 E Broadway Blvd Ste 600 10111 Sweet Valley Dr Fax: 216-447-1137 220 Krasny Prospect Fax: +7 383 225-82-75 Tucson AZ 85711 Valley View OH 44125-4249 Novosibirsk 630049 Russia http://www.msesupplies.com http://www.nanofilmtechnology.com http://www.nevz.ru [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] MSE Supplies (msesupplies.com) is a US-based leading Nanofilm UltraSEAL coatings for glass and ceramic provide NEVZ-Ceramics is one of the leading manufacturers of supplier of high quality materials and equipment for a water- and grease-repellent surface with higher abrasion technical advanced ceramics in Russia. The product range advanced materials research and production. We provide both resistance than untreated surfaces. Treated surface is easier includes armor ceramics, ceramic substrates, bioceramics standard and custom-made products to meet the specific to clean. They are easy to apply and cure quickly at room from alumina, steatite, forsteririte, and nitride ceramics. requirements from our customers. With a global customer temperature. base of research universities, national labs, as well as NEW TECH CERAMICS INC 515-868-0055 Fortune 500 companies and technology start-ups, we support NANOSCIENCE INSTRUMENTS 480-758-5400 1923 Industrial Park Rd Fax: 515-864-0034 scientists and engineers to accelerate their innovations in 10008 S 51st St Ste 110 Fax: 480-758-5401 PO Box 387 materials research. Phoenix AZ 85044 Boone IA 50036 http://www.nanoscience.com http://www.newtechceramics.com MULTI LAB +44 191 264 6801 [email protected] [email protected] Unit 1 Westway Industrial Park Throckley UK + Nanoscience Instruments sells and supports laboratory Supplier of AlMgB14 . Processing service for powders, thin https://www.multi-lab.co.uk instrumentation for microscopy and surface science films, thick films, and sintered solids. All materials have [email protected] applications. Its team of scientists and engineers have extreme high hardness and low coefficient of friction that are backgrounds in chemistry, biochemistry, material science, thermally insulating and electrically conductive. Multi lab is a globally renowned, trusted supplier and physics, and engineering. Its portfolio includes desktop fabricator of quartz glass and high purity technical ceramics electron microscopes, atomic force microscopes, optical NEXCERIS LLC 614-842-6606 at competitive prices and with a level of customer service. profilers, michromechanical testing systems, nanoindenters, 404 Enterprise Dr Contact us for more information about our services. and correlative microscopy systems. Lewis Center OH 43035 http://nexceris.com MURATA MANUFACTURING CO LTD +81 77-586-8191 Materials & Technology Center [email protected] 2288 Oshinohara Nexceris LLC provides product and process solutions to the Yasu-shi Shiga520-2393 Japan energy and environmental markets, including materials, https://www.murata.com catalysts, sensors, and solid oxide fuel cells. [email protected] NATIONAL CENTER FOR MANUFACTURING SCIENCES 3025 Boardwalk 800-222-6267 NGIMAT LLC 859-259-3637 Established 1944. Manufactures integrated electronic Ann Arbor MI 48108 2436 Over Drive Ste B Fax: 855-705-7295 components. Main products include MLCC, piezoelectric Lexington KY 40511 components, microwave devices, and module products. https://www.ncms.org Conducts R&D in a broad spectrum of functional ceramics [email protected] http://www.ngimatllc.com and their potential applications. [email protected] The National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS) is the nation’s largest cross-industry technology development nGimat brings together innovative materials science, talented NABALTEC AG +49 9431 530 organization, dedicated to improving the competitiveness and motivated employees, and strategic collaborators Alustrasse 50-52 Fax: +49 9431 61557 and strength of the U.S. industrial base. As a member-based and customers to develop cost-effective and profitable Schwandorf 92421 Germany consortium, NCMS leverages its network of members and nanopowder and thin-film materials to address critical http://nabaltec.de partners to research, develop, demonstrate and transition problems faced by the world. [email protected] innovative technologies more efficiently, with less risk, and at a lower cost than going it alone. NCMS connects industry, NGK SPARK PLUG CO LTD +81 568-76-5953 Produces a wide range of calcined aluminas modified for government, and education to work together on technology 2808 Iwasaki Komaki Fax: +81 568-76-1295 special applications in the ceramics and refractory industries. development and engage in unique growth opportunities for Aichi 485-8510 Japan Also produces sintered mullite, a synthetic raw material with their businesses thermal shock-resistance. https://www.ngkntk.co.jp [email protected] NEOPTIX 418-687-2500 NABERTHERM INC 302-322-3665 1415 Boul Charest Ouest Ste 220 Fax: 418-687-2524 Manufactures and sells spark plugs and related products for 54 Reads Way 302-322-3215 Quebec QC G1N 4N7 Canada internal-combustion engines. Also manufactures advanced New Castle DE 19720Fax: ceramics and applicable products. http://neoptix.com http://nabertherm.com [email protected] [email protected] NIOKEM INC 828-926-0199 Designs and manufactures fiber-optic temperature sensors 237 Handsome Dr Offers a broad range of industrial kilns and furnaces for for temperature monitoring under microwaves and rf. Made Waynesville NC 28785 ceramics, glass, and metals up to 4,500°F (2,500°C), ranging of dielectric materials, these temperature sensors are from oxidation atmosphere to high-vacuum or protective- immune to radiation and other interferences. http://www.niokem.com/ gas atmospheres. Catalytic exhaust systems to meet EPA [email protected] requirements available. NETZSCH INSTRUMENTS NA LLC 781-272-5353 Niokem is a chemical and mineral distribution company 129 Middlesex Turnpike Fax: 781-272-5225 located in western North Carolina. Established in 2011, NANOCEROX 734-741-9522 Burlington MA 01803 its range of products and services are expanding to meet 712 State Circle Fax: 734-741-9533 customer needs. Ann Arbor UT 48108 http://www.netzsch-thermal-analysis.com [email protected] http://nanocerox.com NOL-TEC SYSTEMS INC 651-780-8600 [email protected] Thermal analysis and thermal properties measurement 425 Apollo Dr instruments, plus contract testing services; DSC; DTA; DSC- Lino Lakes MN 55014 Leading nanotechnology company producing nanopowders TGA; DTA-TGA; coupling for FTIR and MS dilatometers; laser and optical ceramics for a wide variety of markets. flash thermal diffusiving, thermal conductivity, and more. http://nol-tec.com [email protected] NANOE +33 9 81 98 33 64 NETZSCH PREMIER TECHNOLOGIES LLC Worldwide single-source supplier of high-quality, custom- 6 rue des Frênes Fax: +33 9 81 70 75 52 125 Pickering Way 800-676-6455 engineered pneumatic conveying, bulk material handling, Ballainvilliers 91160 France Exton PA 19341 Fax: 610-280-1299 and integrated process control systems. Expertise includes http://www.nanoe.fr dense- and dilute-phase (pressure or vacuum) pneumatic http://www.netzsch-grinding.com conveying and weighing. [email protected] [email protected] Nanoe’s mission is to bring the full potential of nanotechnlogy Provides proven nanotechnology solutions for a broad NORCROSS VISCOSITY CONTROLS 586-336-0700 to advanced ceramics manufacturers. That is why it works range of industries. Manufactures grinding and dispersing 12427 31 Mile Rd hard to offer ready-to-sinter nanopowders on an industrial machinery for media milling, powder processing, dispersing, Washington MI 48095 scale at competitive prices. de-aerating, and filling. Comprehensive global resources in engineering and R&D. http://viscosity.com [email protected] Manufactures process viscosity control equipment and viscosity monitors for use on ceramic slurries and other suspensions.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 129 NorECs AS Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

NORECS AS NYACOL NANO TECHNOLOGIES INC 800-468-7657 OPTIPRO SYSTEMS LLC 585-265-0160 Oslo Science Park 211 Megunko Rd Fax: 508-881-1855 6368 Dean Pkwy Fax: 585-265-9416 Gaustadalleen 21 Oslo 349 Norway PO Box 349 Ontario NY 14519 Ashland MA 01721 http://norecs.com https://www.optipro.com [email protected] http://www.nyacol.com [email protected] [email protected] Manufactures high-temperature sample holder system for OptiPro Systems is a world leader in designing and electrical and other characterization at high temperatures Nyacol produces a wide variety of inorganic fine particles manufacturing advanced equipment for ceramics machining used in SOFC research and testing of ceramic membranes. specializing in sub-200 nm metal oxides, including silica, and optical fabrication. OptiPro is dedicated to helping alumina, antimony pentoxide, tin oxide, antimony tin oxide, customers prosper through innovative manufacturing solutions, NORTH STAR EQUIPMENT INC 800-231-7896 ceria, titania, yttria, zirconia, zinc oxide, and barium titanate including CNC ultrasonic machining centers as well as CNC 1341 W First St 509-235-9203 for use in structural, refractory, and electrical ceramics. optical grinding and polishing machines. In addition, it provides Cheney WA 99004 state-of-the art contact and noncontact metrology systems. http://www.northstarequipment.com OPTOCON AG +49 351 8435990 [email protected] Washingtonstrasse 16/16a Fax: +49 351 8435991 American manufacturer of slab rollers, extruders, ware Dresden Saxony D-01139 Germany trucks, drying/damp cabinets, studio work tables, and http://www.optocon.de/en/company throwing bats. North Star makes custom dies for any brand OBJECT RESEARCH SYSTEMS, INC 514-843-3861 [email protected] extruder or pugmill, any die material, and any shape or size. 760 rue St-Paul West Suite 101 Fax: 514-543-5475 Custom dies are inexpensive and generally ship in 7–10 days. We are the specialist for your fiber optic temperature Montreal Quebec Canada H3C 1M4 measurement needs, including fiber optic thermometers and NOVABONE PRODUCTS LLC 904-807-0140 http://www.theobjects.com fiber optic temperature sensors. 1551 Atlantic Blvd Ste 105 Fax: 904-807-0141 [email protected] Jacksonville FL 32207 Designed for researchers and engineers in the fields of ORTECH INC 916-549-9696 6720 Folsom Blvd Ste 100 Fax: 916-404-7788 http://www.novabone.com material and life sciences, geology, nanotechnology, and the Sacramento CA 95819 [email protected] environment, Dragonfly provides qualitative and quantitative data for material characterization, surface analysis, process http://www.ortechceramics.com Focused on developing bone grafting materials based on evaluation, quality control testing, or any analysis function that [email protected] advancements in biomedical engineering to meet surgeons’ requires a high-degree of accuracy. Already distributed with the needs; products are used in over a million patients with high-end imaging products of renowned manufacturers such Ortech Inc is a worldwide leader in the development and success demonstrating the safety and efficiency of our as Carl Zeiss Microscopy and TESCAN, Dragonfly’s software production of advanced technical ceramics. The company patented technology. architecture allows for extensible workflows and sophisticated provides a wide selection of technical and advanced 3D visualizations and robust analyses. ceramics, including alumina oxide, zirconia oxide, silicon NOVOMER INC 781-672-2525 carbide, and silicon nitride, which improves and extends the performance of products, processes, or systems. One Bowdoin Square Ste 300 OCEAN OPTICS INC 727-733-2447 Whether customers need high-temperature stability, hard Boston MA 02114 8060 Bryan Dairy Rd Fax: 727-733-3962 and wear-resistant surfaces, improved stiffness to weight Largo FL 33777 http://novomer.com radiations, anticorrosive barriers, or low thermal expansion [email protected] http://oceanoptics.com rates, Ortech can deliver. The company offers significant Novomer is a materials company pioneering a family of [email protected] performance and cost advantages to meet customer needs. Search Ortech’s selection of technical ceramics, including competitively priced high-performance green plastics, Manufactures spectral instrumentation, precision optics, polymers, and other chemicals. its technical ceramics materials and advanced ceramics and optical components for online and lab UV-VIS-NIR standard products. applications. Optical-sensing systems also can be configured for testing a variety of ceramic materials, components, and coatings. OSRAM SYLVANIA INC 978-570-3000 200 Ballardvale St Fax: 978-750-2152 Wilmington MA 01887 O’KEEFE CERAMICS INC 719-687-0888 845 Research Drive Fax: 719-687-0889 https://www.osram.us/cb Woodland Park CO 80863 [email protected] NSL ANALYTICAL SERVICES INC 216-438-5200 http://www.okeefeceramics.com Research, development, and manufacturing of advanced 4450 Cranwood Pkwy Fax: 216-438-5050 [email protected] ceramics for lighting applications. Cleveland OH 44128 Precision Ceramic Machining since 1984. For over 30 years, http://www.nslanalytical.com OUTOTEC RESEARCH OY +358 20 529211 [email protected] O’Keefe Ceramics has served the aerospace, medical, energy, and semiconductor industries with high quality precision Kuparitie 10 Fax: +358 20 5293203 Commercial testing lab specializing in elemental chemistry, ceramic components. At O’Keefe Ceramics our mission is PO Box 69 metallurgy, and polymer analysis. Certifications include ISO/ to continue to provide industries with a premier world class Pori Satakunta Finland IEC 17025 and NADCAP. Techniques include trace elemental supplier of Precision Ceramic parts, with uncompromised http://outotec.com/hsc analysis using ICP/MS and dc arc, classical wet chemistry, quality, service, and value. [email protected] and ICP-OES. Provides plants, equipment, and services based mainly on its OLD HICKORY CLAY CO 270-247-3042 proprietary technologies. In-house-developed HSC chemistry 962 State Route 1241 Fax: 270-247-1842 software simulates chemical reactions and processes on a NUTEC BICKLEY 855-299-9566 Hickory KY 42051 Carr Saltillo-Monterrey Km 62.5 No 100 thermochemical basis. 66359 Ciudad Santa Catarina NL Mexico http://oldhickoryclay.com [email protected] http://www.nutecbickley.com OWENS-ILLINOIS INC 567-336-5000 [email protected] Established 1918. Specializes in ball clays for dinnerware, 1 Michael Owens Way refractories, sanitaryware, tile, porcelain, glazes, and other Perrysburg OH 43551-2999 Nutec Bickley designs and manufactures kilns to fire ceramics manufacturing. Clay products available in air- http://www.o-i.com ceramics attending the following industries: sanitaryware, floated, shredded, mechanically dried, and slurry forms. technical ceramics, electroporcelain insulators, refractories, Produces glass and plastic packaging systems for the food, heavy clay, and special applications. The company’s kilns beverage, and pharmaceutical industries for commercial OPF ENTERPRISES 406-493-1102 are designed in temperature ranges of 90–1,760°C (195– and retail use. Consulting/purchasing agreements available 5750 N Sam Houston Pkwy E Ste 109 3,200°F). for technical assistance to noncompetitive glass producers Houston TX 77032 Our highly-qualified engineers serve clients through the and users. design, building and installation of combustion systems, http://www.ontheplantfloor.com thermal insulation and complete industrial furnaces and kilns. [email protected] Industrial kilns and furnaces with the best performance for Worldwide consulting and management services specializing firing refractories, technical ceramics, sanitaryware, electrical in ceramic raw materials, processing, and plant design. insulators, clay pipe and abrasives. Physical and analytical testing of materials in our Houston Industrial Furnaces with the best technology in insulation laboratories. OPF stands for “On the Plant Floor” for our systems, combustion equipment, instrumentation & controls, experience and approach to problem solving. Current clients and heat recovery systems. range from individual start-ups to multinational corporations. Also provide custom marketing solutions and investigations for multiple markets. OPF also represents Eirich Machines in Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma.

130 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Precision Ceramics USA

PETER PUGGER MFG INC 707-463-1333 furnaces up to 4,350°F (2,400°C). Local production and 3661 Christy Ln Fax: 707-462-5578 sales in Asia, Europe, and U.S. Advanced material qualities Ukiah CA 95482 available (ML, TZM, WVM). http://peterpugger.com [email protected] OXY-GON INDUSTRIES INC 603-736-8422 Manufactures clay-processing and tile-cutting/forming 42 Old Rte 28 Fax: 603-736-8734 equipment. Machines batch mix with pugmill output. Mix, PO Box 40 recycle, de-air and pug in a single machine with variable speed. Epsom NH 03234-0040 For studios, product development, lab, and test applications. PLIBRICO COMPANY 312-337-9000 http://oxy-gon.com PETRO MOLD COMPANY 814-796-6635 1935 Techny Rd Unit 16 Fax: 312-337-9003 [email protected] 12775 Donation Rd Fax: 814-796-6635 Northbrook IL 60062 Manufacturer of high-temperature vacuum/controlled- Waterford PA 16441 http://www.plibrico.com atmosphere furnaces for laboratory and production https://www.petromolds.com [email protected] applications as well as nitrogen and inert-gas gettering/ [email protected] purifying furnaces, hot presses, mechanical testing furnaces, Plibrico Company - Refractories, Engineering, Construction and fiber-draw furnaces. We offer custom mold-making and mold production services - a leading supplier of monolithic refractories used in the to all facets of the ceramics industry. Services include processing of aluminum, steel, cement, waste, power original sculpting, master mold design, and production mold generation, and other demanding thermal environments. PACIFIC CERAMICS INC 408-747-4600 manufacturing. We now offer architectural detail molds and For over a century, organizations have trusted us to provide 824 San Aleso Ave Fax: 408-745-6162 ceramic bisque runs from molds we design for you. Sunnyvale CA 94085-1411 reliable refractory solutions that consistently increase efficiency, improve production uptime, and safely boost http://pceramics.com PICOPARTS LTD +972 4-995-8638 performance of thermal processing equipment. [email protected] PO Box 419 Fax: +972 4-995-8637 Manufacturer of advanced microwave ceramic materials. Our Gesher Haziv 22815 Israel PLIBRICO JAPAN CO LTD +81 3-3455-1359 products include rare-earth iron garnets, calcium vanadium http://www.picoparts.com 6F Mita-NN Bldg 1-23 Shiba 4-chome garnets, lithium and magnesium ferrites, and titanate [email protected] Minato-ku Tokyo 108-0014 Japan Fax: +81 3-3455-1362 dielectrics. Manufacturer of small precision products from ceramics http://plibrico.co.jp (alumina/zirconia) and tungsten carbide. Custom made to [email protected] PACIFIC REFRACTORIES LTD +91 22 2761 2056 client design/requirements. Over 25 years experience with Door No C 16-3 Thane Belapur Rd Pawana Villege Established in 1954 under technology transfer from Plibrico materials technologies and innovative thinking of our staff, USA. Manufactures monolithic refractories in factory located T.T.C.M.I.D.C. Industrial Area which allows us to meet even the most intricate, elusive Vashi Navi Mumbai 400705 India in Yokohama, Japan. A wholly owned subsidiary in China technical challenges. produces the same range of products. http://www.pacificrefractories.com Pacific Refractories Ltd is an ISO 9001 QMS company and POLYMER INNOVATIONS INC 760-598-0500 a leading manufacturer of quality refractories to BIS/ASTM 2426 Cades Way Fax: 760-727-3127 standards. The company caters to a wide range of industries, Vista CA 92081 including steel, cement, chemicals and petrochemicals, http://www.polymerinnovations.com fertilizers, zinc, copper, alumina, power projects and glass, [email protected] and other critical applications against stringent specifications. PIDC 800-382-3845 4788 Runway Blvd Polymer Innovations Inc is a consulting and manufacturing PARAGON INDUSTRIES LP 800-876-4328 Ann Arbor MI 48108 company focused on water-based tape casting technology and polymer solutions for the electronics and energy fields. 2011 S Town East Blvd Fax: 972-222-0646 http://pidc.com Mesquite TX 75149-1122 We are a leading expert in tape casting, formulation of green [email protected] tapes, and inks. http://www.paragonweb.com Established in 1992 as a trading company, PIDC is focused [email protected] on finding better, safer, and more cost-effective ways to manufacture specialty chemicals. It has since transformed Paragon manufactures electric glass and ceramic hobby into a global manufacturer of world-class materials with and studio kilns, lab furnaces, dental furnaces, and asphalt- manufacturing sites in the U.S. and China, as well as offices testing furnaces. Digital and manual kilns, customized and throughout the U.S., South America, Europe, and Asia. standard. Exports worldwide. Paragon kilns and furnaces are made in the U.S. PIDC’s aluminas, rare earth materials, zeolites, and other POWDER PROCESSING & TECHNOLOGY LLC customized proprietary formulated powders are used in 5103 Evans Ave 219-462-4141 various industries, including automotive, oil & gas, Valparaiso IN 46383 Fax: 219-462-0367 electronics, alternative energy, construction, chemical, pharmaceutical & medical, and security & authentication. http://www.pptechnology.com [email protected] PIEZO TECHNOLOGIES 317-876-4670 Developer and custom processer of inorganic chemical and 8431 Georgetown Rd Ste 300 Fax: 317-876-4681 ceramic powders. Production and pilot processing capability PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY LABS 630-403-0127 Indianapolis IN 46268 includes calcining, milling, spray drying, and sintering. 555 Rogers St Partnered with industry in electronics and advanced ceramics. Downers Grove IL 60515 http://www.piezotechnologies.com [email protected] http://www.particletechlabs.com PRAXAIR SPECIALTY CERAMICS 425-487-1769 [email protected] Piezo Technologies, a Meggitt PLC group, specializes in 16130 Woodinville-Redmond Rd Ste 7 manufacturing specialized piezoceramic formulations and Woodinville WA 98071 Fax: 425-487-1859 Premier service laboratory, dedicated to particle size and integrated ultrasonic systems, enabling hundreds of products characterization. Using over 20 different technologies, requiring precision measurements and acoustic events. http://www.praxairsurfacetechnologies.com PTL holds significant capacity to measure particle size, [email protected] concentration, and shape, as well as surface area, porosity, P-KER ENGINEERING zeta potential, and more. Praxair Specialty Ceramics offers a range of specialty 1880 Waterport Rd ceramics for diverse applications, markets, and industries. PO Box 26 The company manufactures electronic-grade ceramic oxide PENN TOOL CO 800-526-4956 Waterport NY 14571 powders and shapes with an advanced combustion spray 1776 Springfield Avenue Fax: 973-761-1494 pyrolysis process to overcome many of the drawbacks of Maplewood NJ 07040 http://pkerengineering.com [email protected] traditional powder processing. http://www.penntoolco.com Manufacture and metallize technical ceramics: alumina, [email protected] beryllia, cordierite, forsterite, steatite, and zirconia. Metallize PRECISION CERAMICS USA 727-388-5060 711 South Howard Ave Ste 200 Penn Tool Co specializes in providing top quality industrial silicon nitride, SiC, and zirconia with refractory metals. Metal- Tampa FL 33606 machine tools and accessories for sale. Choose from a wide ceramic joining and assemblies. selection of products from our online catalog, today! Shop our http://www.precision-ceramics.com extensive selection to find products that suit your needs at PLANSEE SE 508-553-3800 [email protected] the best prices! Get what you need faster with our easy-to- 115 Constitution Blvd Fax: 508-553-3823 Precision Ceramics is a specialist in designing, manufacturing, use, one-step checkout process. Fast shipping, guaranteed Franklin MA 02038 best price, huge online selection. GSA contract holder. and machining custom advanced technical ceramic parts. http://plansee.com Since 1992, Precision Ceramics is dedicated to developing the [email protected] world’s best and most advanced ceramic solutions. Manufactures heating elements of molybdenum, tungsten, and tantalum for use in vacuum and protective atmosphere American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 131 Precision Ferrites and Ceramics Inc Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

PRECISION FERRITES AND CERAMICS INC QUANTACHROME INSTRUMENTS 561-731-4999 RD WEBB COMPANY INC 508-650-0110 5432 Production Dr 714-901-7622 1900 Corporate Dr Fax: 561-732-9888 6 Huron Dr Fax: 508-650-0555 Huntington Beach CA 92649 Fax: 714-901-2008 Boynton Beach FL 33426 Natick MA 01760 http://www.semiceramic.com https://www.anton-paar.com/corp-en/quantachrome http://www.rdwebb.com [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Precision Ferrites and Ceramics (PFC) specializes in custom World leader in design and manufacture of laboratory Manufactures air-cooled laboratory and small-production advanced ceramic products and services, machining the instruments for characterizing properties of porous materials vacuum furnaces for use up to 2,200°C under vacuum or simplest to the most intricate of items, achieving smaller and powders. Specialize in instruments for the determination inert gas. Furnaces need no cooling water and consume 2kW features and tighter tolerances than any competitors. of surface area, pore size, pore volume, and density. of power. Furnace application include active metal brazing, sintering, and annealing. PRED MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL INC 212-286-0068 QUANTACHROME UK-ANTON PAAR 804-550-1051 60 E 42nd St Ste 4000 Fax: 212-286-0072 10215 Timber Ridge Dr RE CARROLL INC 609-695-6211 New York NY 10165 Ashland VA 23005-8135 201 Acorn Dr Fax: 609-695-0102 Yardley PA 19067 http://www.predmaterials.com http://www.quantachrome.co.uk [email protected] [email protected] http://recarroll.com [email protected] Supplier of top quality ceramic raw materials, including From particle creation to particle characterization,

99.99% Al2O3 for making transparent ceramics and aluminum Quantachrome UK offers the most advanced technological Incorporated 1925. Distributes domestic china clays, ZnO, nitride powders for flexible circuits and other applications. solutions to the particle technology community. magnesium carbonate, soda ash, lubricants, alumina trihydrate, and limestone. Warehouses at Trenton, NJ; Akron, QUINTUS TECHNOLOGIES LLC 614-891-2732 OH; Dalton, GA; and Dallas, TX. 8270 Green Meadows Dr N Fax: 614-891-4568 Lewis Center OH 43035 READE ADVANCED MATERIALS 401-433-7000 850 Waterman Ave Fax: 401-433-7001 http://quintustechnologies.com Providence RI 02914 [email protected] PREMATECH ADVANCED CERAMICS 508-791-9549 http://www.reade.com 160 Goddard Memorial Dr 508-793-9814 Quintus Technologies offers high-pressure sheet metal [email protected] Worcester MA 01603-1260 forming presses plus hot and cold isostatic presses for densification of advanced materials. Its systems are backed A global distributor and value add toll chemical processor/ http://www.prematechac.com by an extensive service and support program. packager of specialty chemical particle solids (metal, mineral, [email protected] ceramic, composite) with four customer-care facilities in the PremaTech offers machining of technical ceramics and RAM PRODUCTS INC 614-443-4634 Americas. Visit our 4,500 page website. other ultrahard materials for many applications in the 1091 Stimmel Rd Fax: 614-443-4813 semiconductor, aerospace, life science, and industrial Columbus OH 43223 RECCO FURNACES 800-545-4567 markets. We also perform in-house polishing. ISO certified 8323 Loch Lomond Dr Fax: 562-949-3696 and 40 years experience. http://ramprocess.com Pico Rivera CA 90660-2507 [email protected] http://www.reccofurnaces.com PRINCE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION 646-747-4200 Manufacture Ram press, Ram process, power units, hydraulic [email protected] 15311 Vantage Pkwy West Ste 350 presses, presses, ceramic dies, porous resign dies, models, Houston TX 77032 Fax: 217-228-0466 and special tooling. Worldwide distribution. Sell replacement Provides furnace systems for processing electronics and press parts and Ram process die-making supplies. advanced materials, as well as specialty metals from https://www.princecorp.com 500–1,800°C. Fifty-four years of providing furnaces for high [email protected] RATH INC 302-793-0283 temperature, precise temperature, and atmosphere control Produces and markets specialty mineral products with a 501 Silverside Rd Ste 131 Fax: 302-793-0289 that may include automation. focus on naturally occurring minerals and pigment Wilmington DE 19809-1377 applications. Products are used in brick, refractories, glass, REED GUNITE & SHOTCRETE EQUIPMENT 888-779-7333 ceramics, foundries, cement, steel, and numerous other http://www.rath-usa.com 13822 Oaks Ave Fax: 909-287-2140 industrial and agricultural applications. [email protected] Chino CA 91710-7008 Manufactures and supplies high-temperature custom http://reedpumps.com PROGRESSIVE TECHNOLOGY INC 916-632-6715 insulating materials and refractories, including ceramic-fiber [email protected] 4130 Citrus Ave Unit 17 Fax: 916-632-9348 insulation, coatings, adhesives, rigidizer and mastics for use Rocklin CA 95677 up to 1,800°C as well as specialty dense and high-alumina Produces double-piston shotcrete pumps and feed-bowl- refractories. type gunite machines for a variety of applications, including http://prgtech.com refractory installation. [email protected] Using the latest in CNC technology and with a combined REFRAC SYSTEMS 480-940-0068 experience of 150+ years in ceramic machining, we 7201 W Oakland St Fax: 480-940-9366 developed many ways to produce complex shapes and at Chandler AZ 85226-2434 high volume. RAUSCHERT INDUSTRIES INC 949-421-9804 http://refrac.com 1170 Howell Mill Road Suite 300 [email protected] PSH KILNS & FURNACES 905-849-5540 Atlanta GA 30318 1120 Speers Rd Fax: 905-849-0001 Provides production vacuum hot-pressing up to 3,800°C; Oakville ON L6L 2X4 Canada http://www.rauschert.com vacuum brazing for nickel, cobalt alloys, reactive, refractory, [email protected] and noble metals and ceramics. Specializes in performing http://psh.ca planar high-volume diffusion bonding tollway services. [email protected] Manufacturer of custom advanced ceramic components, offering an extensive product range of ceramic materials Designs, builds, and services electrically heated, air- used in applications requiring high corrosion, erosion and REFRACTORY CONSULTING SERVICES 513-378-0190 atmosphere furnaces for production and R&D applications wear resistance, high-temperature capability, and low 121 Olde Farm Road Fax: 513-523-1384 in the ceramics, automotive, aerospace, pulp and paper, fuel electrical conductivity. Oxford OH 45056 cell, electrical, and chemical industries. http://refractoryexpert.com RAYMOND BARTLETT SNOW — [email protected] QUALITY THERMISTOR INC 800-554-4784 SCHNECK PROCESSING 630-836-7460 2108 Century Way Fax: 208-376-4754 Refractory consultant with more than 35 years experience Boise ID 83709 http://www.schenckprocess.com/rbs specializing in comprehensive approach for improved refractory life, refractory failure analysis, expert witness, http://thermistor.com The Raymond Bartlett Snow Division is a leader in the expert for insurance analysis, training, and more. [email protected] design, manufacture, and construction of size reduction, classification, and thermal processing equipment for over Extensive experience with many different industries such as Our ISO:09001:2000 and AS9100 certified manufacturing 130 years. The company works with customers from initial iron, steel, aluminum, copper, silicon, power, and others. and testing facilities in Idaho enhances our ability to meet the concept and development of equipment and systems, needs of today’s challenging temperature measurement and through pilot plant testing, equipment manufacturing, and control applications. commissioning, followed by the full capability to provide OEM replacement parts and technical services.

132 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Saint-Gobain Recherche

REFRACTORY MACHINING SERVICES 724-285-7674 RHI US LTD 513-753-1254 ROCKWELL AUTOMATION INC 414-382-2000 610 E Butler Rd Fax: 724-285-7673 1870 New York Ave Fax: 513-753-0984 1201 S Second St Fax: 414-382-4444 Butler PA 16002 Falconer NY 14733-1740 Milwaukee WI 53204-2496 http://refrmachscrv.com http://rhi-ag.com http://www.rockwellautomation.com [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Produces CVI-based ceramic composites and CVD coatings Member of the RHI Group, manufactures bonded- and fused- Rockwell Automation, the world’s largest company dedicated of ceramics as well as precious and refractory metals. cast refractories for supply to the glass industry. to industrial automation, makes its customers more Component design, development, and manufacturing capability. productive and the world more sustainable. Products for aerospace and energy conversion industries. RIO TINTO ENERGY AND MINERALS +61 3 9283 3333 Level 7 360 Collins S Fax: +61 3 9283 3707 ROMAN MANUFACTURING 616-530-8641 REFRACTORY MINERALS CO INC 610-869-3031 Melbourne 3000 Australia 861 47th St SW Fax: 616-530-8953 150 Jennersville Rd Fax: 610-869-9805 Grand Rapids MI 49509-5103 http://www.riotinto.com/energy-and-minerals-162.aspx West Grove PA 19390 [email protected] https://www.romanmfg.com http://phosphatebonds.com [email protected] Mines, manufactures, and refines borax, boric acid, As a manufacturer of high-current, low-voltage power anhydrous borax, boric oxide, talc, and chlorite for the glass sources, RoMan uses the finest materials available to Manufactures and sell phosphate-based refractory binders and ceramics industries. offer thousands of design and customized options built to and calcined alumina -325 mesh. Provides toll services, the highest quality standards and to specific industry and blending, fine grinding, calcining, and packaging. RISE RESEARCH INSTITUTES OF SWEDEN application requirements. RoMan also provides value-added, Lindholmspiren 7 A Box 857 +46 10 516 50 00 application-centric technical support and industry specific REFRACTRON TECHNOLOGIES CORP 315-331-6222 417 56 Goteborg Boras SE-501 15 Sweden application engineering services. 5750 Stuart Ave Fax: 315-331-7254 https://www.ri.se/en/what-we-do/our-areas/glass Newark NY 14513 SAINT-GOBAIN ABRASIVES 508-795-5000 [email protected] 1 New Bond St Fax: 888-284-9170 http://refractron.com PO Box 15008 [email protected] RISE Glass (former Glafo), within the polytechnical institute RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, provides industrial Worcester MA 01615-0008 Refractron manufactures durable structural and porous contract research, education, technical support, testing, http://sgabrasives.com ceramics for tough industrial applications. These ceramics property measurements, chemical analysis, consultancy, and [email protected] are used in equipment that aerates wastewater, draws wire, innovative technical solutions to the global glass market, filters minerals, and pumps oil. including glass manufacturers, glass processors, and users Manufactures and markets coated-abrasive, bonded- of glass. The expertise of RISE Glass covers the whole range abrasive, superabrasive, and nonwoven-abrasive products. REFRATECHNIK CERAMICS GMBH +49 5427 810 from raw materials to glass melting, the finished product, Sells products under the Norton Abrasives, Winter Abrasives, Barkhausener Str 55 Fax: +49 5427 81102 recycling, and alternative applications for glass. and Amplex Abrasives brands. 49328 Melle Germany ROBOCASTING ENTERPRISES LLC 505-883-0555 SAINT-GOBAIN CERAMICS & PLASTICS 508-351-7100 http://www.refra.com 5660 Pino Ave NE 9 Goddard Rd [email protected] Albuquerque NM 87109 Northboro MA 01532 Refratechnik Ceramics in Melle/Germany offers innovative http://www.robocasting.com https://www.saint-gobain.com/en refractory systems for industrial kilns in the heavy clay [email protected] industry and for other industrial applications in the cement, Saint-Gobain designs, manufactures, and distributes building aluminium and waste incineration industries. Our product Robocasting specializes in 3D printing ceramics and and high-performance materials, providing innovative portfolio for the ceramics industry includes wall, ceiling and composites, especially for production of lattice structures solutions to the challenges of growth, energy efficiency, and kiln car systems with all necessary kiln furniture. All products as alternatives to reticulated foams for filtration, catalysis, environmental protection. are precisely matched to the technical and economic and mixing; custom labware and consumables for DSC/TGA requirements of the customers. thermal analysis. SAINT-GOBAIN HIGH PERFORMANCE CERAMICS, REFRACTORIES & HEXOLOY¬Æ SIC MATERIALS RENO REFRACTORIES INC 800-741-7366 ROBOVENT 877-959-7639 1 New Bond St 508-795-5577 PO Box 201 37900 Mound Rd Fax: 586-698-1801 Worcester MA 01606 Fax: 508-795-2051 Morris AL 35116 Sterling Heights MI 48310 https://www.ceramicsrefractories.saint-gobain.com http://renorefractories.com http://www.robovent.com [email protected] [email protected] At RoboVent, clean air is more than a business—it is a Saint-Gobain High Performance Ceramics and Refractories Reno Refractories Inc is recognized as a leader in the iron passion. The company is driven by the knowledge that the partners with customers to develop innovative solutions foundry industry. With the ability to monitor and satisfy work it does directly impacts the health, safety, and quality with leading technology brands such as Hexoloy, N-Durance, growing demands placed on refractory products needed by of life for thousands of manufacturing workers in the U.S. and Durafrax, Crystar, Silit, and Zirchrom. Our materials include today‚Äôs manufacturers, the company offers a full line of around the globe. RoboVent already helped improve the lives alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, quality refractory products and custom designed precast of 110,000+ people with its clean air remedies, and this year zirconia, and chromium for applications involving high shapes that are sold and distributed worldwide, including hull it hopes to help 10,000 more. temperature, corrosion, abrasion, wear, or impact resistance. forms and propulsors; structures and materials; signatures, silencing systems, and susceptibility; machinery systems; ROCA SANITARIO SA +34 936 38 16 00 SAINT-GOBAIN NORPRO 330-673-5860 and vulnerability and survivability systems. Rambla Lluch Gava 3840 Fishcreek Rd Barcelona 2 08250 Spain Stow OH 44224-4306 RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST 518-276-6000 http://www.roca.com https://www.norpro.saint-gobain.com 110 Eighth St Fax: 518-276-8554 [email protected] Troy NY 12180 Roca is a worldwide reference in developing bathroom https://www.rpi.edu spaces. With almost a hundred years of experience as a Saint-Gobain NorPro’s advanced ceramic technologies for [email protected] company, Roca began producing vitreous china bathroom fixed bed reactor processing and heat & mass transfer appliances in 1936. Today, Roca’s commercial network applications include custom catalyst carriers, bed topping Offers an undergraduate major in materials engineering, spreads over 135 countries supplied by its 76 production and support media, mass transfer media and support with the possibility of emphasizing ceramics in elective plants and more than 20,000 employees worldwide. assemblies, and regenerative thermal oxidation packings. courses. Offers MS and PhD in materials engineering with specialization in ceramics. ROCCERA LLC 585-426-0887 SAINT-GOBAIN RECHERCHE +33 1 48 39 58 00 Rochester Technology Park Fax: 585-426-0884 Les Miroirs 18 avenue d’Alsace Fax: +33 1 48 34 74 16 RESODYN ACOUSTIC MIXERS INC 406-497-5333 771 Elmgrove Rd Courbevoie 92400 France 130 N Main St Ste 630 Fax: 406-497-5206 Rochester NY 14624 http://saint-gobain-recherche.com Butte MT 59701 http://roccera.com [email protected] http://resodynmixers.com [email protected] [email protected] Research on glass: flat glass, bottle glass, insulation glass Manufacturer and fabricator of advanced ceramic, fibers, and reinforcement glass fibers. Provides advanced solutions for a broad range of industrial polyurethane, and steel components. Designs, consults, mixing problems. Service and equipment solutions are based manufactures, and markets customized advanced ceramic on the company’s proprietary technology, ResonantAcoustic components for industrial, commercial, and domestic Mixing. applications.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 133 SAMPE Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

SAMPE 626-331-0616 SECO/WARWICK CORP 814-332-8400 SHEFFIELD POTTERY 413-229-7700 21680 Gateway Center Dr Ste 300 180 Mercer St Fax: 814-724-1407 US Rt 7 Fax: 413-229-0200 Diamond Bar CA 91765-2454 Fax: 626-332-8929 PO Box 908 PO Box 399 Meadville PA 16335 Sheffield MA 1257 http://www.sampe.org [email protected] http://seco-warwick.com http://sheffield-pottery.com [email protected] [email protected] Founded 1944. International educational and scientific membership association dedicated to the exchange of Custom-engineered vacuum furnaces for most processes, Established 1946. Produces stock and custom moist-clay data on new materials and processes. Provides a unique including hardening, tempering, annealing, solution heat bodies. Huge selection of raw materials and chemicals. and valuable forum. Sponsors technical conferences and treating, brazing, sintering, carburizing, carbon/carbon Distributes ceramics equipment, including kilns, wheels, slab exhibitions, and publishes proceedings. composition, CVD-graphitizing, high-pressure quenching, rollers, and pugmills. Ceramics supply showroom open daily. and degassing. SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES 505-844-8066 1515 Eubank SE SELEE CORP 828-364-0100 SHOEI CHEMICAL INC +81 3-3344-6661 PO Box 5800 700 Shepherd St Fax: 828-693-1833 Shinjuku Mitsui Bldg 1-1 Fax: +81 3-3344-6658 Albuquerque NM 87185 Hendersonville NC 28792-6400 Nishi Shinjuku 2-chome Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 163-0443 Japan http://sandia.gov http://www.selee.com/ [email protected] [email protected] http://www.shoeichem.co.jp [email protected] Research, development, and application of glass and Manufactures technical ceramics for gas and liquid filtration/ ceramics, includes developing glasses, glass-ceramics for separation, heat and mass transfer, high-temperature mixing, Established 1956. Manufactures conductive, resistive, and hermetic seals, studying electro-optic effects, improving catalysis, and metal filtration/treatment and transfer. dielectric pastes and fine powders of metals and metal processes for making ferroelectric ceramics, and studying oxides for electronic application; precious metal/salt, fracture of ceramics. SEMCO CARBON 440-277-5860 precious-metal catalyst, and liquid precious metal for 3000 Leavitt Rd Fax: 440-277-5859 industrial applications. SAUEREISEN INC 412-963-0303 Lorain OH 44052 160 Gamma Dr Fax: 412-963-7620 SIBELCO BENELUX +32 14 83 72 11 http://www.semcocarbon.com Pittsburgh PA 15238 De Zate 1 Fax: +32 14 83 72 32 [email protected] Dessel 2480 Belgium http://www.sauereisen.com [email protected] Semco Carbon provides custom graphite machining services http://sibelco.be to produce components per customer specifications and [email protected] Sauereisen manufactures a diverse line of electrically drawings. We work with graphite and carbon composites insulating inorganic cements. Choose from over 20 different exclusively and as a specialized graphite shop; large Worldwide producer of various industrial ceramic minerals, air-setting, hydraulic-setting, and chemical-setting products production quantities are not a requirement when placing including silica, cristobalite, clays, nepheline, and feldspar, offering continuous high-temperature service up to 3,000°F. an order. Semco Carbon handles small run jobs, such as both in sand and power form. Kindly consult with us on your prototype work or repair work, with no minimum order specific requirements. SAXON GLASS TECHNOLOGIES INC 607-587-9630 required and no minimum charge. 200 N Main St Fax: 201-855-0643 SICCO ENGINEERING WORKS +91 44 2625 4792 PO Box 575 No 454 Sidco Industrial Estate Fax: +91 44 2625 0513 Alfred NY 14802 Ambattur Chennai Tamil Nadu 600098 India http://saxonglass.com [email protected] http://www.siccoengineering.co.in Saxon Glass Technologies Inc started in 1996 when a large SEMICONDUCTOR ENERGY LABORATORY CO, LTD [email protected] glassmaker came to the New York State College of Ceramics 398 Hase +81 46-248-1131 Sicco developed several equipments for unit handling at Alfred University in search of a solution to their glass Atsugi-shi Kanagawa Fax: +81 46-270-7227 systems like range of gravity rollers, silent running live strength problems. After the successful demonstration of trial 243-0036 Japan roller conveyors of our innovative single-chain design, load runs, a shop was set up at the Ceramic Corridor Innovation http://www.sel.co.jp/en/ adjustable accumulation conveyors, and compact inline lifting Center to meet the new challenge from the New York State [email protected] tables. legislature to help with the economic growth of the region. Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co, Ltd (SEL) finds SIEMENS PROCESS INDUSTRIES AND DRIVES research topics pertaining to forthcoming needs of society, SCG CHEMICALS CO LTD +66 2 586 1111 100 Technology Drive 770-740-3000 finds new principles by thorough research and development, 1 Siam Cement Rd Fax: +66 2 586 5561 Alpharetta GA 30005-3900 Fax: 678-297-8316 Bang Su Bangkok 10800 Thailand and invents technologies to solve problems. http://www.usa.siemens.com/industry https://www.scgchemicals.com/en/index SEMTECH SOLUTIONS INC 978-663-9822 [email protected] As one of SCG’s three core businesses, SCG Chemicals 6 Executive Park Dr Fax: 978-663-9823 Siemens is a single source leader of automation technology manufactures and offers a full range of petrochemical Analytical Testing Laboratory products engineered and manufactured for all industrial products, ranging from upstream production of olefins and Billerica MA 01862 sectors. intermediate production of styrene monomers, purified terephthalic acid, and methyl methacrylate; to downstream http://www.atl.semtechsolutions.com SIGMA ADVANCED MATERIALS 716-200-8618 production of four main plastic resins (polyethylene, [email protected] 2115 Old Union Rd Fax: 716-668-9800 polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene), including SEMTech Solutions provides advanced analytical and R&D Cheektowaga NY 14227 fabricated products such as film, pipe and fittings, and support to a wide array of customers. We use FE-SEMs, EDS, acrylic sheet. To better serve customer requirements, SCG micro FTIR, and optical microscopy for materials testing and http://www.sigmaadvancedmaterials.com Chemicals assigns prime importance to the development of characterization. We have more than 25 years experience in [email protected] new technology and innovation for the creation of high value- this field. added products and services. Experience, dedication to excellence, and best-of-breed operational practices shape Sigma Advanced Materials. SETARAM INSTRUMENTATION +33 4 72 10 25 25 Sigma Advanced Materials offers custom-engineered 7 Rue de l’Oratoire Fax: +33 4 78 28 63 55 solutions for each project it encounters. Clients enjoy Caluire 69300 France personalized care and consultative assistance, resulting in http://www.setaram.com the best possible deliverable for the best possible price. [email protected] SCHOTT NORTH AMERICA INC 914-831-2200 SIGMADIAMANT +34 964 56 27 13 555 Taxter Rd Fax: 914-831-2201 Setaram is a leading manufacturer and supplier of high- Polígono Industrial Supoi 8 Elmsford NY 10523 performance thermal analyzers, calorimeters, gas sorption, Parcela M5 B1 Nave 17 and high pressure mass spectroscopy instruments, and (CV-10 - salida 12) Castellon 12550 Spain http://www.us.schott.com/ offers complete and dedicated solutions for your specific [email protected] application. http://www.sigmadiamant.com SCHOTT is a leading international technology group in the areas [email protected] of specialty glass and glass-ceramics. With more than 130 SHAMROCK TECHNOLOGIES INC 973-242-2999 Diamond tools and abrasives for polishing, lapping, cutting, years of outstanding development, materials, and technology Foot of Pacific St Fax: 973-242-8074 mitering, beveling, squaring, and shaping ceramic tile, expertise, the company offers a broad portfolio of high-quality Newark NJ 07114 porcelain tile, marble, granite, and any natural stone. Hi-tech products and intelligent solutions. SCHOTT is an innovative http://www.shamrocktechnologies.com range, adapted to the type of material, available for any brand enabler for many industries, including the home appliance, of machinery. pharma, electronics, optics, life sciences, automotive, and [email protected] aviation industries. SCHOTT strives to play an important Manufactures a broad line of micronized powders, dispersions, part in everyone’s life and is committed to innovation and emulsions, and compounds, including PTFE, polyethylene, sustainable success. The group maintains a global presence polypropylene, fluoro polymers, custom wax alloys, natural with production sites and sales offices in 34 countries. waxes, and specialty additives for the ceramics industry.

134 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Takasago Industry Co Ltd

SILICON CARBIDE PRODUCTS INC 607-562-8599 SPONTANEOUS MATERIALS 303-955-8537 SUNTECH ADVANCED CERAMICS (SHENZHEN) CO LTD 361 Daniel Zenker Dr Fax: 607-562-7585 8505 E Temple Dr Unit 474 1F&2F Building B No 21 +86 755 2658 4521 Horseheads NY 14845 Denver CO 80237 Nanling Rd New2 Community Fax: +86 755 2600 9083 ShaJing StBaoAn District ShenZhen China http://scprobond.com http://spontaneousmaterials.com [email protected] [email protected] http://www.suntechceramics.com [email protected] Manufacturer of custom silicon carbide specialty shapes for A consultancy specializing in the rare earths, magnetic demanding industrial wear, corrosion, and high-temperature materials, technical training, and technical writing. Design, development, and manufacture of mechanical applications. SCP offers SCProbond ‘N’ Reaction Bonded SiC. ceramic components, with batching, mixing, molding, ISO 9001: 2000 certified. SPRAY DRYING SYSTEMS INC 410-549-8090 sintering, and machining of ceramics fully in house. 5320 Enterprise St Ste J Fax: 410-549-8091 SOMANY CERAMICS LTD 800-103-0004 Eldersburg MD 21784 Kassar Bahadurgarh Fax: +91 1276 241 006 http://www.spraydrysys.com Haryana 124507 India [email protected] http://www.somanyceramics.com Designs and sells spray dryers. SDS spray dryers produce [email protected] free-flowing ceramic powders with a controlled particle size. SUPERIOR GRAPHITE CO 800-325-0337 $200 million company and leading tile manufacturer in India High yields and quality products, at competitive pricing. 10 S Riverside Plaza Ste 1470 Fax: 312-559-9064 under renowned Somany brand. Company has certificate Chicago IL 60606 of registration under ISO 9001:2008; ISO 14001:2004; BS SRI INTERNATIONAL 650-859-2000 OHSAS 18001:2007; ISO 22000:2005; EN ISO 14411:2006; 333 Ravenswood Ave http://www.superiorgraphite.com and IS 1515622:2006. Menlo Park CA 94025-3493 [email protected] http://sri.com Produces alpha- and beta-SiC powder for use in sintered SONYA CERAMICS (EXPORT DIVISION) +91 79 2220 2588 [email protected] wear parts, toners, MMCs, and abrasives. Produces PS SiC 711 Near Anil Starch Mill tile for armor. Produce advanced (graphite) materials for use Ahmedabad Gujarat 380025 India An independent, nonprofit research institute conducting in many industries. client-sponsored R&D for government agencies, commercial http://www.sonyaceramics.com businesses, foundations, and other organizations. [email protected] We specialize in manufacturing and exporting technical STAHLI USA INC 847-719-0360 ceramics made of porcelain, steatite, cordierite porcelain, 200 Sheridan Springs Rd Fax: 847-719-0361 cordierite refractory, alumina refractory, and high alumina of Lake Geneva WI 53147 different grades. SUPERIOR TECHNICAL CERAMICS CORP 802-527-7726 http://stahliusa.com 600 Industrial Park Rd Fax: 802-527-1181 [email protected] St Albans VT 05478 SPARKLER CERAMICS PVT LTD +91 20 3069 2878 Stahli is one of the leading companies worldwide in the J-508 MIDC Bhosari Fax: +91 20 2713 0955 http://www.ceramics.net manufacture of flat honing, lapping, and polishing machines. Pune Maharashtra 411026 India [email protected] To our customers, we are known just as much by our http://www.sparklerceramics.com standard products as by our custom-made and need-oriented Established 1898. Manufactures custom technical ceramics [email protected] special products. components using extruding, dry-pressure, isopressing, injection molding, green-forming, and diamond-machining Manufactures lead zirconate titanate and lead-titanate- STARFIRE SYSTEMS INC 518-899-9336 techniques. Also manufactures prototype-through-production based piezoelectric elements for ultrasonic cleaners, quantities on contract. welders, atomizers, and NDT probes; hydrophones, sonars, 8 Sarnowski Dr Fax: 518-289-2261 accelerometers, armament impact fusing, energy harvesting, Glenville NY 12302 SURMET CORP 781-272-3969 and scores of other appliances. http://starfiresystems.com 31 B St Fax: 781-272-9185 [email protected] Burlington MA 01803 Offers the solution for high-temperature materials creating high-performance products. Our chemistry enables control of http://www.surmet.com molecular structures combining ceramic materials with other [email protected] materials to produce composites, laminates, and coatings. A specialty materials manufacturing company known for SPECIALTY GLASS INC 813-855-5779 its leadership in ALON, the superior lightweight transparent 305 Marlborough St Fax: 813-855-1584 STEDMAN MACHINE CO 812-718-4471 armor. Surmet’s transparent spinel is stronger and tougher. Oldsmar FL 34677 129 Franklin St Fax: 812-926-3482 Surmet produces and supplies aluminum nitride powder/ Aurora IN 47001 products in tons. http://sgiglass.com http://stedman-machine.com Founded in 1977, Specialty Glass Inc (SGI) excels at utilizing [email protected] TA INSTRUMENTS 302-427-4000 innovative production techniques to become a leading 159 Lukens Dr Fax: 302-427-4001 manufacturer specializing in glass melting and processing Since 1834, Stedman provides customers with material size New Castle DE 19720 for a wide array of industries within global markets. Examples reduction solutions for crushing, pulverizing, fine grinding, include glass solutions for the following: abrasives, computer blending, or lump breaking a broad range of materials for http://thermophysical.tainstruments.com heads, vitrified-bonded grinding wheels, dental glass fillers, applications from +40 inches to 10 microns. [email protected] electronics, sealing, wood preservation, plus many other TA Instruments, the world leader in thermal analysis, rheology, technical glass applications. STUDIOLX - HOME DECOR 888-423-5959 and calorimetry, provides innovative technology for advanced PO Box 563 materials characterization by DSC/TGA, dilatometry, thermal Lincolnshire IL 60069 conductivity and diffusivity, high temp viscometry, and more. http://studiolx.com [email protected] TABER INDUSTRIES 716-694-4000 455 Bryant St Fax: 716-694-1450 Traditional and contemporary ceramic vases, bowls, platters, North Tonawanda NY 14120 SPECTROCHEMICAL LABORATORIES 724-334-4140 and other decorative objects. Contemporary, decorative, and 155 Prominence Dr Fax: 724-334-4143 colored art glass vases, bowls, and platters. http://www.taberindustries.com New Kensington PA 15068 [email protected] http://www.spectrochemicalme.com Manufacturer of test instruments that aid the understanding Chemical testing services are used to evaluate glass, ceramics, of material physical properties including abrasion and scratch raw materials, cements and concretes, slag, corrosion, resistance. Test results assist R&D, process control, and refractory bricks and castings, anions, and aggregates. quality assurance for ceramics, coatings, and other materials. SUNROCK CERAMICS CO 708-344-7600 SPECTRONICS CORP 800-274-8888 TAKASAGO INDUSTRY CO LTD +81 572-59-8899 2625 S 21st Ave Fax: 708-344-7636 2321-2 Dachi-cho Gifu Fax: +81 572-59-3848 956 Brush Hollow Rd Fax: 516-491-6868 Broadview IL 60155 Westbury NY 11590 Toki-city 509-54 Japan http://www.sunrockceramics.com http://www.takasago-inc.co.jp http://spectroline.com [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] U.S. manufacturer of high-alumina ceramics and specialty Designs and manufactures electric-heated and gas-fired Manufactures UV lamps used to cure ceramics, adhesives, refractories, including kiln furniture for firing advanced and coatings in applications ranging from windshield repair industrial kilns. Specializes in roller hearth kilns, rotary kilns, ceramics. Many formulations available for demanding high- tunnel kilns, periodic kilns including shuttle kilns, microwave to spot curing on PC boards. Offer radiometers to check the temperature applications with a wide assortment of pressed intensity of UV lamps for curing. Lamps also custom-made kilns, microwave+electric or +gas hybrid kilns, various or cast shapes, plus flexibility to quickly and economically dryers, and more. for specific curing. make new and custom shapes.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 135 TAM Ceramics Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

TAM CERAMICS 716-978-9403 THERMOCARBON INC 407-834-7800 4511 Hyde Park Blvd Fax: 716-278-9571 391 Melody Ln Niagara Falls NY 14305 Casselberry FL 32707 http://www.tamceramics.com http://www.dicing.com [email protected] [email protected] TEVTECH LLC 978-667-4557 Leading manufacturer of high purity engineered powders 100 Billerica Ave Fax: 978-667-4554 Manufactures diamond resin wheels. including zirconia, titanate, and zircon-based materials for a North Billerica MA 01862 variety of industries and applications. Provides services such THROUGHPUT BLUESTREAK 888-785-0509 as custom toll processing and materials recycling. http://www.tevtechllc.com [email protected] 1805 Sunset View Dr Delafield WI 53018 TECHNICAL PRODUCTS INC 800-869-2008 TevTech delivers state-of-the-art materials processing high- http://www.go-bluestreak.com PO Box 189 Fax: 262-335-3606 temperature vacuum furnace systems and components that [email protected] Hubertus WI 53033 enable your company to maintain its competitive edge. http://technicalproductsinc.com Bluestreak Software is enterprise-level manufacturing [email protected] TEXERS TECHNICAL CERAMICS INC 647-866-1047 software designed specifically for process-based 7171 Yonge St Fax: 855-383-5483 manufacturers that work with ceramics powder/paint, metal One of the largest Macor distributors in the world with Thornhill ON Canada finishing, heat treat, and more. Bluestreak manages real-time expertise in machining, engineering, specifying, developing, information across manufacturing departments. and manufacturing simple or complex designs to precise http://texers.com/index.html [email protected] tolerances in high-tech ceramics and plastics. TOTO LTD +81 467-54-3310 Texers Inc is a growing international technical ceramics Honson Kanagawa-Pref TECHNISONIC RESEARCH INC 203-368-3600 company. It designs, produces, and supplies ceramic products Chigasakai-City 253-8577 Japan 328 Commerce Dr Fax: 203-368-1922 and components engineered to customer needs. Texers supplies http://www.toto.com Fairfield CT 06825 a wide spectrum of industries, including automotive and aerospace; medical and healthcare; oil, gas, and petrochemical; http://technisonicinc.com New technology demands ceramic materials with higher energy and environment; and food and agriculture. [email protected] performance and improved functions in terms of design, durability, thermal resistance, and electrical characteristics. Manufactures ultrasonic transducers for nondestructive THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY 866-721-3322 Toto has a reputation for making quality ceramics for the testing applications, including flaw detection, thickness 550 Polaris Pkwy Ste 510 Fax: 240-396-5637 semiconductor manufacturing equipment industry. It is known gauging, and weld inspection. Medical and industrial types Westerville OH 43082 for manufacturing high precision ceramic products, including are offered. air bearings, electrostatic chucks, and bonding capillaries. http://ceramics.org [email protected] TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND TRANSFER INC (TA&T) TOYAL AMERICA INC 630-505-2170 133 Defense Hwy Ste 212 410-224-3710 The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) is a nonprofit 1717 N Naper Blvd Fax: 630-505-2176 Annapolis MD 21401 Fax: 410-224-4678 professional society for individuals involved in materials Naperville IL 60563 science and engineering. The Society’s mission is to advance http://techassess.com the study, understanding, and use of ceramics and related http://toyala.com [email protected] materials, for the benefit of our members and society. [email protected] Technology Assessment and Transfer Inc (TA&T) is a Small Producer and distributor of various grades of aluminum Business Administration certified Woman Owned Small THE FURNACE SOURCE LLC 860-582-4201 nitride for sintering. Also produces silica coated aluminum Business (WOSB) that specializes in high technology, 99 Agney Ave Fax: 860-584-8854 nitride with excellent thermal conductivity properties. developing, and commercializing advanced materials for Terryville CT 06786 Atomized spherical and conventional aluminum powders are defense, biomedical, and industrial applications. TA&T http://thefurnacesource.com offered. strives to commercialize its innovations through cooperative [email protected] development programs with end users and technology TOYOTA CENTRAL R&D LABS INC +81 561-63-6569 licensing to interested third parties. The Furnace Source is a manufacturer and reseller of 41-1 Yokomichi vacuum furnaces, sintering furnaces, vertical bell furnaces, Nagakute Aichi 480-1192 Japan TECHNOLOGY OF MATERIALS 800-682-2922 and much more. http://www.tytlabs.com 4020 N Palm St Ste 202 Fax: 714-446-9229 Fullerton CA 92835 THERMAL PRODUCTS CO INC 770-662-0456 Producer and distributor of various grades of aluminum nitride 4520 S Berkeley Lake Rd Fax: 770-242-6210 for sintering. Also produces silica coated aluminum nitride with http://xraydiffrac.com Berkeley Lake GA 30071-1639 [email protected] excellent thermal conductivity properties. Atomized spherical http://www.thermalproductsco.com and conventional aluminum powders are offered. Analytical lab specializing in analysis of materials using XRD [email protected] (Rietveld quantification and size/strain), thermal analysis TRANS-TECH INC 301-695-9400 (DTA/TG), microscopy (SEM/EDS), and FTIR. Also specializes Fabricates and distributes ceramic fiber and biosoluble 5520 Adamstown Rd in clay and soil mineralogy. insulation, ceramic fiber modules, and SiC heating elements. Die- Adamstown MD 21710 cutting & slitting capabilities of insulation. Ceramic fiber braids http://www.skyworksinc.com/Products_TechnicalCeramics.aspx TEETER MARKETING SERVICES LLC 716-510-1408 for kiln car seals and door gaskets. Large modules for kilns. [email protected] 115 Sand Dollar Ln Sarasota FL 34242-1335 THERMAL WAVE IMAGING INC 248-414-3730 Skyworks Solutions, through its wholly-owned subsidiary 845 Livernois St Fax: 248-414-3764 [email protected] Trans-Tech, is an industry leader in technical ceramic Ferndale MI 48220 materials. With over 60 years of experience, the company Provides industrial market research, business planning, http://thermalwave.com offers a complete line of high-quality, low-cost, ceramic- product development and introduction, marketing [email protected] based materials for many RF and microwave markets, communications, and education and training services for including wireless communications, infrastructure, military, companies in the high-performance materials field. Serves as Thermal Wave Imaging is the leading innovator and provider cable television, and broadband access. Tightly controlled managing director for SECA. of state-of-the-art thermographic nondestructive testing processes—from raw materials to forming, firing, finishing, (NDT) solutions ranging from low-cost portable systems assembling, and testing—produce the best and most TEMPO PLASTIC 559-651-7711 for field applications to highly sophisticated automated consistently reproducible components available today for 1227 N Miller Park Ct 559-651-0123 inspection equipment for manufacturing QA. Our products both low and high volume requirements. Product portfolio Visalia CA 93291 are designed to meet critical needs of aerospace, power includes advanced materials (in both technical powder and generation, and automotive OEMs and suppliers. ingot form) as well as dielectrics, ferrites, and magnetics. http://tempogloss.com [email protected] TREIBACHER INDUSTRIE AG +43 4262 505310 Stock and custom protective packaging for wafers and Auer-von-Welsbach-Straße 1 Fax: +43 4262 5058310 substrates. Automated foam molding process. Althofen 9330 Austria http://www.treibacher.com TETHON 3D 402-889-6191 THERMCRAFT INC 336-784-4800 [email protected] 719 South 75th St 3950 Overdale Rd 336-784-0634 Omaha NE 68114 Winston Salem NC 27107 Treibacher Industrie AG is an international company with over 100 years experience in chemistry and metallurgy. At http://www.tethon3d.com http://www.thermcraftinc.com its headquarters in Althofen, Austria, Treibacher Industrie [email protected] [email protected] AG develops and manufactures ferro alloys for the steel and foundry industries, powders for the carbide industry, high Tethon 3D is revolutionizing ceramic additive manufacturing Provides furnaces for industrial, R&D, OEM, and end users performance ceramics, fine chemicals, and special alloys. with innovative materials and hardware. for all industries. Manufactures lab- and industrial-heating Our customers value our high product quality, flexibility, and elements, furnaces, and control systems. Systems are customized solutions. available for temperatures up to 1,700°C.

136 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 Winner Technology

TRENT INC 215-482-5000 UTTAM INDUSTRIES +91 240 773 48 VIRIDIS3D LLC 978-455-0131 201 Leverington Ave Fax: 215-482-9389 708 Gidc Sector 28 92 Bolt St Philadelphia PA 19127 Gandhinagr India Lowell MA 01852 http://trentheat.com http://www.uttamzincoxide.com http://www.viridis3d.com [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Manufactures electrically heated process equipment for Manufacturing zinc oxide since 1990. Develops and commercializes materials for advanced industrial applications. Manufactures furnaces and ovens for applications in additive manufacturing, including technical the glass and ceramics industries as well as replacement VALLEY DESIGN CORP 978-425-3030 and art ceramics and metal casting. Provides complete heating elements. Two Shaker Rd Bldg E-001 Fax: 978-425-3031 solutions with hardware, software, installation, training, and Shirley MA 01464 materials. TRI-MER CORP 801-294-5422 http://valleydesign.com 1400 Monroe St Fax: 989-723-7844 VITCAS LTD +44 117 911 7895 [email protected] Owosso MI 48867 8 Bonville Rd Fax: +44 117 971 1152 Brislington Bristol BS4 5NZ UK http://www.tri-mer.com Manufactures substrates, windows, wafers, shims, and [email protected] spacers from ceramics, glass, and metals. Precision lapping, http://www.vitcas.com polishing, 4-axis CNC machining, dicing, edge-polishing, [email protected] Glass furnace emissions: UltraCat Catalyst Filters are the thinning, grinding services. Specializes in ultrathin, ultraflat, technology of choice for container and flat glass. Also kilns, superpolishing. British manufacturer of refractory cement, fire cement, ceramic production, and cement. Remove any combination of refractory castables, fire bricks, ceramic fiber products,

PM, SOx, and NOx, HCl, HF, and metals to below EPA standards. VANDERBILT MINERALS, LLC 203-295-2140 acid resistant cements, zircon refractory products, coatings, 33 Winfield St Fax: 203-855-1220 tap hole clays, refractory mouldables, taming mix, and high TRINITY CERAMIC SUPPLY INC 214-631-0540 Norwalk CT 06856-5150 alumina mortars. 9016 Diplomacy Row Fax: 214-637-6463 http://www.vanderbiltminerals.com Dallas TX 75247 WASHINGTON MILLS ELECTRO MINERALS CO [email protected] 1801 Buffalo Ave 716-278-6600 https://trinityceramic.com Niagara Falls NY 14302 Fax: 716-278-6650 [email protected] Vanderbilt Minerals LLC specializes in industrial minerals and chemicals, including kaolin clays, pyrophyllite, wollastonite, http://www.washingtonmills.com Established 1950. Distributes raw materials and chemicals smectite and hectorite clays, dispersing agents, and xanthan [email protected] to the tile, sanitaryware, brick, porcelain enamel, artware, gum. and hobby industries. Inventories include opacifiers, kaolins Manufactures fused synthetic minerals for use in refractory (foreign and domestic), feldspars, nepheline syenite, ball VELCO GMBH raw materials, abrasives, ceramic raw materials, and clays, and more. Haberstr 40 Velbert industrial applications. Products include silicon carbide, North Rhine-Westphalia 42551 Germany brown fused alumina, white fused alumina, boron carbide, U.S. SILICA CO 800-345-6170 bubble alumina, and more. https://www.velco.de 8490 Progress Dr Ste 300 Fax: 304-258-8295 [email protected] Frederick MD 21740 WERNER G SMITH INC 216-861-3676 Produces gunning machines for dry and humid/plastic mixes, 1730 Train Ave Fax: 216-861-3680 http://www.ussilica.com Cleveland OH 44113-4201 [email protected] gunning robots for hot repair of EAF, ladle, RH, and more. Pneumatic injection machines for the steel industries. Using http://wernergsmithinc.com Produces aplite, round angular and subangular whole-grain the patented GUNMIX system, it is possible to apply LC sand, ground silica, fine-ground silica, and assorted clay qualities in dry gunning with low dust and rebound. Werner G Smith Inc produces biodegradable, biosustainable, materials. Materials available in bulk and bagged quantities. and biorenewable additives most commonly used in machining and metal working, cleaners, personal care UNIFRAX I LLC 716-768-6400 products, and coatings and paint. Ingredients are from earth- 600 Riverwalk Pkwy Ste 120 Fax: 716-768-6500 friendly sources and have been since 1950. Tonawanda NY 14150 http://unifrax.com WESBOND CORP 302-655-7917 [email protected] 1135 E 7th St Fax: 302-656-7885 VERDER SCIENTIFIC INC 866-473-8724 Wilmington DE 19801 Global leader in the development and manufacture of high- 11 Penns Trail Ste 300 Fax: 267-757-0358 temperature insulation products including Fiberfrax ceramic Newtown PA US 18940 http://wesbond.com [email protected] fiber, and revolutionary Insulfrax and Isofrax soluble fiber https://www.verder-scientific.com products. [email protected] Established 1976. Develops and manufactures new binding and bonding systems for refractory-fiber shapes and ceramic UNIMIN CORPORATION 203-966-8880 Verder Scientific Inc, comprised of the Retsch, Retsch composites as well as ceramic shell molds for investment 258 Elm St Fax: 203-966-3453 Technology, Carbolite Gero, and ELTRA brands, sets the castings. Products include colloidal alumina, and silica and New Canaan CT 06840 standard in high-tech scientific equipment, serving mullite binders. research institutions and analytical laboratories, as well http://www.unimin.com as manufacturing companies, for decades. The company [email protected] manufactures and supplies instruments for sample WILLIAMS PATENT CRUSHER & PULVERIZER CO INC preparation and elemental analysis as well as heat treatment 2701 N Broadway 314-436-2639 Unimin offers a complete portfolio of fillers, fluxes, clays, of solid materials. St Louis MO 63102 Fax: 314-621-3348 custom blends, and prepared bodies. Engineered to the highest quality standards, we supply the global ceramic industry with http://williamscrusher.com proven, performance-oriented industrial minerals. VERITY TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS LLC 614-440-1306 [email protected] 1266 Dobbins Dr Offers a complete line of processing equipment for the New Albany OH 43054-9409 UNION PROCESS INC 330-929-3333 ceramics industry, including primary and secondary impact 1925 Akron-Peninsula Rd Fax: 330-929-3034 http://www.verityconsultants.com crushers, nonclog hammer mills, single- and double-roll Akron OH 44313 [email protected] crushers, impact dryer mills, roller mills, and direct-fired coal pulverizers. http://unionprocess.com Verity provides manufacturing consulting, technical [email protected] investigations, analysis, reports, and testimony for the resolution of litigation and claims involving failures of glass WINNER TECHNOLOGY +82 31-683-1867 Union Process manufactures a broad line of particle size and ceramic materials, product liability, and industrial 14-12 Geumgok 3-gil Anjung-eup Fax: +82 31-683-1870 reduction equipment such as wet and dry grinding attritors workplace accidents. Pyeongtaek-si Gyeonggi-do Korea and small media mills, in laboratory and production sizes. We also offer a wide assortment of grinding media and provide http://www.winnertechnology.co.kr toll milling, laboratory testing, and refurbishing services. VESUVIUS 843-774-6026 [email protected] 753 Enterprise Rd Fax: 843-774-3735 Winner Technology specializes in research, development, and Dillon SC 29536 UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE +52 81 8352 1984 production of MoSi2 heating elements for 1,700°C, 1,800°C, NUEVO LEON Fax: +52 81 8376 0477 http://www.vesuvius.com and 1,900°C. It exports more than 1,000 pieces worldwide. Instituto de Ingenieria Civil Av Universidad s/n Cd [email protected] Winner offers distinguished products at reasonable prices Universitaria San Nicolas de los Garza and is trusted by domestic and international customers, Nuevo Leon 66450 Mexico Vesuvius is a worldwide leader in advanced ceramics for the including those in Germany, Italy, Spain, Taiwan, Japan, solar, glass-tempering, and glass-forming industry. Poland, and Austria. http://www.uanl.mx [email protected] Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon is a public university with seven campuses across Nuevo Leon, Mexico. It is the oldest and largest university in the state in terms of student population.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 | www.ceramicsource.org 137 Wistra GmbH Boxed listings = ACerS Corporate member

WISTRA GMBH +49 221 2820890 ZHENGZHOU MISSION CERAMIC PRODUCTS CO LTD Wilhelm-Mauser-Strasse 41-43 Fax: +49 221 28208925 No 11 Zhengshang Rd +86 371 5668 9683 Koln 50827 Germany Zhengzhou Henan 450000 China Fax: +86 371 6710 3091 http://www.wistra.com [email protected] http://www.mscera.com [email protected] ZIRCAR ZIRCONIA INC 845-651-3040 Wistra GmbH, part of the Cerinnov group, manufactures PO Box 287 Fax: 845-651-0074 thermal equipment, sintering units, and turnkey plants We are a professional manufacturer of high purity alumina Florida NY 10921 and supplies the technical ceramics market with global (99.7%) and zirconia tubes, rods, plates, balls, crucibles, performance solutions. It also revamps existing equipment. boats, nozzles, and other custom-made special parts. Large http://www.zircarzirconia.com quantity in stock, with very competitive prices. [email protected] WYSSMONT CO 201-947-4600 For more than 40 years, Zircar has produced yttria stabilized 1470 Bergen Blvd Fax: 201-947-0324 ZIBO GUANGTONG CHEMICAL CO LTD +86 136 9765 7735 zirconia, pure zirconia, alumina, ceria and yttria felts, cloths and Fort Lee NJ 07024 No 27 London Rd Fax: +86 532 8676 6180 rigid vacuum formed shapes for insulation in crystal growing, Qingdao Free Trade Zone powder metal sintering, fuel cells, furnace construction, quartz http://wyssmont.com Shandong 266555 China working and filtration membranes. Our insulation products stand [email protected] up to the hottest, most corrosive environments providing lasting http://www.gtchems.com solutions to your biggest challenges. Provides continuous equipment systems for drying, calcining, [email protected] cooling, activating, regenerating, and solids handling (lump breakers, rotary air locks, multiple screw feeders). 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138 www.ceramicsource.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 99, No. 9 We thank our Corporate Partners for their support! As of November 2020 3DCERAM-SINTO Inc Equipceramic S.A. Nexceris, LLC Adamant Co Ltd Exothermics, Inc NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd AdValue Technology LLC Ferro-Ceramic Grinding Inc Niokem Inc AGC Inc (Sapphire) Fineway Ceramics NSL Analytical Akron Porcelain & Plastics Company FIVEN AS Nutec Bickley SA de CV Allied Mineral Products, LLC Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic O’Keefe Ceramics Inc Almatis, Inc (Sapphire) Technologies & Systems IKTS Object Research Systems, Inc ALTEO Gardanne Fritsch Milling and Sizing, USA Inc OptiPro Systems LLC AluChem, Inc Fusion Ceramics Inc Owens-Illinois, Inc American Elements Gasbarre Products (PTX Pentronix, Inc) Oxy-Gon Industries, Inc APC International Ltd GeoCorp, Inc Pacifi c Ceramics, Inc Applied Ceramics, Inc Gorka Corporation Particle Technology Labs Applied Research Center GrainBound LLC Paul O. 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Contact Kevin Thompson at [email protected] or 614-794-5894 to learn more. www.ceramics.org/corporate yttrium iron garnet glassy carbon photonics fused quartz beamsplitters piezoceramics europium phosphors additive manufacturing III-IV semiconductors ITO 1 1 2 2 H He 1.00794 4.002602 Hydrogen transparent conductive oxides sol-gel process bioimplants Helium YSZ 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.941 9.012182 10.811 12.0107 14.0067 15.9994 18.9984032 20.1797 zeolites Lithium Beryllium raman substrates barium uoride Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen FluorinenanoNeon ribbons 11 2 12 2 13 2 14 2 15 2 16 2 17 2 18 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 22.98976928 24.305 26.9815386 28.0855 30.973762 32.065 35.453 39.948 anode Sodium Magnesium sapphire windows anti-ballistic ceramicsAluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon silicates 19 2 20 2 21 2 22 2 23 2 24 2 25 2 26 2 27 2 28 2 29 2 30 2 31 2 32 2 33 2 34 2 35 2 36 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 K 1 Ca 2 Sc 2 Ti 2 V 2 Cr 1 Mn 2 Fe 2 Co 2 Ni 2 Cu 1 Zn 2 Ga 3 Ge 4 As 5 Se 6 Br 7 Kr 8 39.0983 40.078 44.955912 47.867 50.9415 51.9961 54.938045 55.845 58.933195 58.6934 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.64 74.9216 78.96 79.904 83.798 oxides Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton cermet 37 2 38 2 39 2 40 2 41 2 42 2 43 2 44 2 45 2 46 2 47 2 48 2 49 2 50 2 51 2 52 2 53 2 54 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 8 8 9 10 12 13 13 15 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 Rb 1 Sr 2 Y 2 Zr 2 Nb 1 Mo 1 Tc 2 Ru 1 Rh 1 Pd Ag 1 Cd 2 In 3 Sn 4 Sb 5 Te 6 I 7 Xe 8 85.4678 87.62 88.90585 91.224 92.90638 95.96 (98.0) 101.07 102.9055 106.42 107.8682 112.411 114.818 118.71 121.76 127.6 126.90447 131.293 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon

TiCN 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 h-BN 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 Cs 1 Ba 2 La 2 Hf 2 Ta 2 W 2 Re 2 Os 2 Ir 2 Pt 1 Au 1 Hg 2 Tl 3 Pb 4 Bi 5 Po 6 At 7 Rn 8 132.9054 137.327 138.90547 178.48 180.9488 183.84 186.207 190.23 192.217 195.084 196.966569 200.59 204.3833 207.2 208.9804 (209) (210) (222) Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon

87 2 88 2 89 2 104 2 105 2 106 2 107 2 108 2 109 2 110 2 111 2 112 2 113 2 114 2 115 2 116 2 117 2 118 2 ZnS 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 InGaAs 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 18 18 18 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 18 Nh 18 18 Mc 18 18 Ts 18 Og 18 Fr 1 Ra 2 Ac 2 Rf 2 Db 2 Sg 2 Bh 2 Hs 2 Mt 2 Ds 1 Rg 1 Cn 2 3 Fl 4 5 Lv 6 7 8 (223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (271) (272) (270) (276) (281) (280) (285) (284) (289) (288) (293) (294) (294) Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Si3N4 epitaxial crystal growth cerium oxide polishing powder rutile 58 2 59 2 60 2 61 2 62 2 63 2 64 2 65 2 66 2 67 2 68 2 69 2 70 2 71 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 9 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 Ce 2 Pr 2 Nd 2 Pm 2 Sm 2 Eu 2 Gd 2 Tb 2 Dy 2 Ho 2 Er 2 Tm 2 Yb 2 Lu 2 140.116 140.90765 144.242 (145) 150.36 151.964 157.25 158.92535 162.5 164.93032 167.259 168.93421 173.054 174.9668 quantum dots Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium spintronics 90 2 91 2 92 2 93 2 94 2 95 2 96 2 97 2 98 2 99 2 100 2 101 2 102 2 103 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 18 20 21 22 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 10 9 9 9 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Th 2 Pa 2 U 2 Np 2 Pu 2 Am 2 Cm 2 Bk 2 Cf 2 Es 2 Fm 2 Md 2 No 2 Lr 3 SiALON 232.03806 231.03588 238.02891 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262) YBCO Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium GDC transparent ceramics chalcogenides nanodispersions perovskites scintillation Ce:YAG superconductors fuel cell materials laser crystals sputtering targets TM CVD precursors deposition slugs Now Invent. silicon carbide MBE grade materials beta-barium borate alumina substrates solar energy The Next Generation of Material Science Catalogs lithium niobate photovoltaics Over 15,000 certi ed high purity laboratory chemicals, metals, & advanced materials and a magnesia state-of-the-art Research Center. Printable GHS-compliant Safety Data Sheets. Thousands of ber optics new products. And much more. All on a secure multi-language "Mobile Responsive” platform. thin lm MgF2 dialectric coatings ultra high purity materials borosilicate glass metamaterials

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