Vol. 7, No. 11 November 1997 INSIDE • 1998 GeoVentures, p. 8 • Rocky Mountain GSA TODAY Section Meeting, p. 25 • New Members, Students, A Publication of the Geological Society of America Fellows, p. 27

A Candidate for the Baja British Columbia Fault System in the Coast Plutonic Complex Lincoln S. Hollister Christopher L. Andronicos Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544

ABSTRACT Results of part of ACCRETE, a multidisciplinary project to investigate the processes of crustal formation in the Coast orogen of British Columbia, sug- gest that a candidate for the Baja British Columbia fault zone, across which 1500 to 2000 km of displacement could have occurred between Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary time, is present in the Coast orogen. Evidence comes from new structural data that reveal a sequence of high-temperature deformational events. Early deformation consisted of parti- tioned transpression recorded by a broad zone of contemporaneous south- west-directed thrusting and dextral oro- gen-parallel strike-slip shearing. Subse- quent uplift and exhumation of the high-grade core of the orogen accom- panied by syntectonic plutonism pro- duced fabrics that erased much of the evidence for earlier strike slip and thrust deformation. We suggest a cause- and-effect relation as to why Late Creta- ceous to early Tertiary granodioritic to tonalitic plutons of the 2000-km-long Coast Plutonic Complex are restricted to the region of the Baja British Columbia fault. The cause is basaltic magma intruded into the crust from conduits produced by strike-slip faults passing into the mantle. These magmas pro- vided the heat for the crustal melting that produced the tonalitic plutons. The result is that deformation is con- fined to regions softened by heating and melting. Continuing episodes of deformation and basaltic underplating and the consequent melting and recrys- tallization at high temperatures obscure evidence of prior deformation.

Baja B.C. continued on p. 2 Figure 1. Simplified map showing terranes within Coast orogen in British Columbia. The red area is Editor’s note: This paper illustrates the influence of generally called the Coast Plutonic Complex, but within area of Figure 2a, where high-grade metamor- 1997 GSA Day Medal winner Ted Irving, whose phic rocks are dominant, it is called the Central Gneiss Complex. The western thrust belt is called the determinations of paleolatitudes showed thou- Coast Mountains orogen by Cowan et al. (1997). The Skeena fold and thrust belt is described by sands of kilometers of northward translation of Evenchick (1991). Ship track for 1994 ACCRETE seismic experiment is approximate. the outer tectonic elements of the northwestern North American Cordillera. IN THIS ISSUE GSA TODAY November Vol. 7, No. 11 1997 A candidate for the Baja British Proposals Invited for Columbia Fault System in the 1998 Annual Meeting ...... 19 GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173) is published Coastal Plutonic Complex ...... 1 Book Reviews ...... 21 monthly by The Geological Society of America, Inc., with offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. In Memoriam ...... 2 GSA Bookstore ...... 23 Mailing address: P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301- Award Nominations ...... 3 Rocky Mountain Section Meeting ...... 25 9140, U.S.A. Periodicals postage paid at Boulder, Col- orado, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: 1998 GeoVentures ...... 8 New Members, Students, Fellows ...... 27 Send address changes to GSA Today, Membership Ser- Environment Matters ...... 10 Dwornik Awards ...... 31 vices, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. 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Written permission is required from GSA for all other Salt Lake City, Utah Leonardtown, Maryland forms of capture, reproduction, and/or distribution of March 29, 1997 August 27, 1997 any item in this publication by any means. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse Wallace W. Hagan Joe R. McHam opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regard- Lexington, Kentucky Alpine, Texas less of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not July 18, 1997 September 1997 reflect official positions of the Society. Dorothy Hill Robert H. Shaver Queensland, Australia Bloomington, Indiana SUBSCRIPTIONS for 1997 calendar year: Society Members: GSA Today is provided as part of member- April 23, 1997 September 14, 1997 ship dues. Contact Membership Services at (800) (correction of August GSA Today listing) 472-1988 or (303) 447-2020 for membership informa- Jesse W. Whitlow tion. Nonmembers & Institutions: Free with paid Wilson M. Laird Vernon Hill, Virginia subscription to both GSA Bulletin and Geology, other- N. Potomac, Maryland July 1997 wise $50 for U.S., Canada, and Mexico; $60 elsewhere. Contact Subscription Services. Single copies may be requested from Publication Sales. Also available on an annual CD-ROM, (with GSA Bulletin, Geology, GSA Data Repository, and an Electronic Retrospective Index to jour- Baja B.C. continued from p. 1 location for strike-slip translation. How- nal articles from 1972). Members order from Member- ever, Cowan et al. (1997) reviewed studies ship Services; others contact subscriptions coordinator. INTRODUCTION reporting that kinematic indicators at the Claims: For nonreceipt or for damaged copies, mem- Coast shear zone indicate down-dip move- bers contact Membership Services; all others contact One of the most intensely debated Subscription Services. Claims are honored for one year; ment or flattening and, because these tectonic questions in Cordilleran tectonics please allow sufficient delivery time for overseas copies, movements are younger than 65 Ma, they up to six months. (e.g., Cowan et al., 1997) is the latitude of postdate the time of suspected strike-slip accretion of the Insular superterrane, motion. Accordingly, Cowan et al. (1997, STAFF: Prepared from contributions from the which is now along the west coast of p. 133) concluded that the 1500–2000 km GSA staff and membership. Canada and southeast Alaska (Fig. 1). Executive Director: Donald M. Davidson, Jr. of displacement, if it occurred, would be Mobilist models suggest that these ter- Science Editors: Suzanne M. Kay, Department of Geo- within the Coast Plutonic Complex to the logical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; ranes have traveled from the latitude of east. They named the suspected fault the Molly F. Miller, Department of Geology, Box 117-B, present-day Baja California since the Late Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 Baja British Columbia fault. If the Coast Cretaceous. Stationary models suggest that Forum Editor: Bruce F. Molnia, U.S. Geological Survey, Plutonic Complex contains such a strike- MS 917, National Center, Reston, VA 20192 these terranes have been more or less at slip fault system, it would rank at the top Managing Editor: Faith Rogers their present location with respect to Production & Marketing Manager: James R. Clark of the world’s longest known intraconti- North America since the mid-Cretaceous. Production Editor and Coordinator: Joan E. Manly nental transcurrent fault systems. Graphics Production: Joan E. Manly, Leatha L. Flowers Arguments for large-scale strike-slip trans- In this paper, we present geologic lation are based mainly on paleomagnetic data for a segment of the Coast Plutonic ADVERTISING: Classifieds and display: contact data (Bogue et al., 1995; Wynne et al., Complex (see Fig. 1) to the east of the Ann Crawford (303) 447-2020; fax 303-447-1133; 1995; Ague and Brandon, 1996); argu- [email protected] Coast shear zone. This segment, which ments against it have been mainly geolog- is called the Central Gneiss Complex (Fig. Issues of this publication are available as electronic ical (Gehrels et al., 1991a; McClelland et Acrobat files for free download from GSA’s Web Site. 2a), is a 50–100-km-wide zone of gneiss al., 1992a, 1992b; van der Heyden, 1992; They can be viewed and printed on various personal and migmatite intruded by Late Creta- computer operating systems: MSDOS, MSWindows, Monger et al., 1994). ceous to early Tertiary plutons. Because of Macintosh, and Unix, using the appropriate Acrobat The Coast shear zone (Fig. 1) is a reader. The readers are widely available, free, including its high proportion of Mesozoic and older prominent structural feature that extends from GSA at: http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/index.htm. gneiss and migmatite, the Central Gneiss along the western boundary of a line of This publication is included on GSA’s annual CD-ROM, Complex presents an opportunity to study Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary magmatic GSA Journals on Compact Disc. Call GSA Publication the dynamic setting into which Late Cre- Sales for details. bodies known as the Coast Plutonic Com- taceous to early Tertiary plutons intruded. plex. Attention has focused on this shear Printed in U.S.A., using pure soy inks and recyclable On the basis of our studies, we conclude paper. zone (e.g., Cowan, 1994) as a possible

2 GSA TODAY, November 1997 that large-scale orogen-parallel displace- CALL FOR NOMINATIONS REMINDERS ment probably occurred across the Coast PENROSE AND DAY M EDALS, AND HONORARY FELLOWSHIP Plutonic Complex between about 85 Ma Nominations for 1998 Penrose and Day Medals and for Honorary Fellowship in the and 60 Ma. This zone would be the pro- Society are due by FEBRUARY 2, 1998. posed Baja British Columbia fault system. The results summarized here are part YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD (DONATH MEDAL) of a collaborative endeavor among seis- The Young Scientist Award was established in 1988 to be awarded to a young scien- mologists, geologists, geophysicists, and tist (35 or younger during the year in which the award is to be presented) for outstanding geochemists, begun in 1993, to study con- achievement in contributing to geologic knowledge through original research that marks tinental growth by accretion in the north- a major advance in the earth sciences. The award, consisting of a gold medal called the east Pacific. The project, called ACCRETE, Donath Medal and a cash prize of $15,000, was endowed by Dr. and Mrs. Fred A. Donath. aims to define and interpret the geologic For the year 1998, only those candidates born on or after January 1, 1963, are eligi- and geophysical features of the crust, from ble for consideration. In choosing candidates for the Young Scientist Award, scientific surface to Moho, across the Coast orogen achievement and age will be the sole criteria. Nominations for the 1998 award must (see Fig. 1). Updates on progress are peri- include odically posted on the ACCRETE Web site, • biographical information, at http://geo.princeton.edu/accrete/ • a summary of the candidate’s scientific contributions to geology (200 words or less), accrete.html. The activities and partici- • a selected bibliography (no more than 10 titles), pants of the ACCRETE program are: • supporting letters from five scientists in addition to the person making the Crustal structure, crustal velocity models: nomination. John Diebold, Lamont Doherty Earth Deadline for nominations for 1998 is FEBRUARY 2, 1998. Observatory, Columbia University; OFFICERS AND COUNCILORS Igor Morozov and Scott Smithson, The GSA Committee on Nominations requests your help in compiling a list of GSA University of Wyoming; Phil Hammer, members qualified for service as officers and councilors of the Society. The committee Ron Clowes, and Bob Ellis, University of requests that each nomination be accompanied by basic data and a description of the British Columbia; Nik Christensen, Pur- qualifications of the individual for the position recommended (vice-president, treasurer, due University; Kristan Rohr, Geological councilor). Survey of Canada; Anne Trehu, Oregon Deadline for nominations for 1998 is FEBRUARY 18, 1998. State University. Geological studies: Lincoln Hollister, Prince- DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD ton University; Maria Luisa Crawford, The GSA Distinguished Service Award was established by Council in 1988 to recog- Bryn Mawr College; Cameron Davidson, nize individuals for their exceptional service to the Society. GSA Members, Fellows, Asso- Beloit College; Keith Klepeis, University ciates, or, in exceptional circumstances, GSA employees may be nominated for considera- of Sydney; Margi Rusmore, Occidental tion. Any GSA member or employee may make a nomination for the award. Awardees College; Glenn Woodsworth, Carol will be selected by the Executive Committee, and all selections must be ratified by the Evenchick, Lisel Currie, and Suzie Council. Awards may be made annually, or less frequently, at the discretion of Council. Gareau, Geological Survey of Canada. This award will be presented during the annual meeting of the Society. Deadline for nom- Detrital zircon studies; boundaries of accreted inations for 1998 is MARCH 2, 1998. terranes: George Gehrels, University of Arizona. JOHN C. FRYE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AWARD U/Pb ages to constrain structural and plutonic In cooperation with the Association of American State Geologists (AASG), GSA makes histories: George Gehrels; Krishna Sinha, an annual award for the best paper on environmental geology published either by GSA or Virginia Polytechnic Institute. by one of the state geological surveys. The award is a $1000 cash prize from the endow- Define zones of paleomagnetic anomalies: ment income of the GSA Foundation’s John C. Frye Memorial Fund. The 1998 award will Robert Butler, University of Arizona. be presented at the autumn AASG meeting to be held during the GSA Annual Meeting in Geochemistry of plutons, map source areas Toronto, Canada. of plutons: Krishna Sinha. Nominations can be made by anyone, based on the following criteria: (1) paper must be selected from GSA or state geological survey publications, (2) paper must be selected Prior work directed at the question from those published during the preceding three full calendar years, (3) nomination must of large-scale strike-slip displacement include a paragraph stating the pertinence of the paper. was mainly concentrated along the Coast Nominated papers must establish an environmental problem or need, provide sub- shear zone. Here, we first review some stantive information on the basic geology or geologic process pertinent to the problem, of this work, and then integrate our new relate the geology to the problem or need, suggest solutions or provide appropriate land- results with other studies across the Cen- use recommendations based on the geology, present the information in a manner that is tral Gneiss Complex to define the geologic understandable and directly usable by geologists, and address the environmental need or history for the period of possible north- resolve the problem. It is preferred that the paper be directly applicable by informed ward transport of the Insular superterrane. laypersons (e.g., planners, engineers). Deadline for nominations for 1998 is MARCH 30, Finally, we propose a cause-and-effect 1998. relationship of pluton generation and strike-slip faulting for the Coast Plutonic NATIONAL AWARDS Complex. The deadline is April 30, 1998, for submitting nominations for these four awards: William T. Pecora Award, National Medal of Science, Vannevar Bush Award, Alan T. Water- Coast Shear Zone man Award. The Coast shear zone (Fig. 1) marks the western boundary of the Coast Plu- tonic Complex (Brew and Ford, 1978), Materials and supporting information for any of the nominations may be sent to GSA Execu- and truncates a top-to-the-west mid- tive Director, Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. For more Cretaceous thrust system that lies to its detailed information about the nomination procedures, refer to the October 1997 issue of GSA Today, or call headquarters at (303) 447-2020, extension 140. Baja B.C. continued on p. 4

GSA TODAY, November 1997 3 Baja B.C. continued from p. 3 important flattening at the Coast shear east of the Coast shear zone (Figs. 2a and zone has been documented (Ingram and 3). Klepeis et al. (1996) also described a west (Crawford et al., 1987; Rubin et al., Hutton, 1994; Klepeis et al., 1996); (2) may component of late dextral displacement 1990; McClelland et al., 1992b; Klepeis be the locus of postaccretion tilting of for the Coast shear zone at Portland Inlet et al., 1996). Plutons younger than 85 Ma previously amalgamated crustal terranes and farther to the north. (most 75 to 50 Ma) occur east of the Coast west of the Coast shear zone (McClelland A series of tabular, foliated tonalite shear zone. Plutons with ages of 100 to 90 et al., 1992b; Cook and Crawford, 1994); plutons and dikes, collectively known as Ma dominate to the west. Any discussion (3) was the zone across which the high- the “foliated tonalite sill” (Brew and Ford, of the tectonic history of the Coast orogen temperature core of the orogen, the Cen- 1978) occur within and along the entire must explain why no Late Cretaceous to tral Gneiss Complex, was uplifted and eastern side of the Coast shear zone in early Tertiary plutons occur west of the exhumed (Hollister, 1982; Klepeis et al., southeastern Alaska. These plutons and Coast shear zone. This point is addressed 1996); (4) was an important strike-slip dikes range in age from about 72 to about in the last section. fault. Many workers have sought evidence 58 Ma (Gehrels et al., 1991). They have Previous studies have found that for strike-slip displacement within the nearly vertical western contacts and the Coast shear zone: (1) may be a suture Coast shear zone without success. How- steeply northeast dipping eastern contacts zone formed by near orthogonal collision ever, evidence for a major, dextral, high- as far south as the Skeena River (Fig. 2a). between accreted terranes (Ingram and temperature shear zone has been reported The Quottoon pluton (Hutchison, 1970), Hutton, 1994); abundant evidence of by Andronicos et al. (1996) about 10 km within the area of this study, is part of the “foliated tonalite sill” (Fig. 2). Gehrels et al. (1991b) reported an age of 58 Ma where this pluton crosses the Skeena River. The location of the Coast shear zone along the western boundary of the string of foli- ated tonalite plutons, and the great length of both, strongly imply that the plutons were intruded into a zone of weakness that extended into the mantle lithosphere (Ingram and Hutton, 1994). Because fab- rics produced by deformation in the Coast shear zone affect the tonalite plutons and dikes (Klepeis et al., 1996), deformation along the Coast shear zone must overlap and postdate their intrusion. When the tonalite plutons intruded the Coast shear zone, hot (>700 °C) migmatitic rocks within the Central Gneiss Complex were already juxtaposed against colder (~400 °C) rocks of the west- ern thrust belt (Crawford et al., 1987; Hol- lister, 1982; Klepeis et al., 1996). Hollister (1982) considered that this juxtaposition occurred between about 60 and 50 Ma as the Central Gneiss Complex was being exhumed at a rate of 1–2 mm/yr. The Quottoon pluton was intruded during this uplift, as indicated by east-side-up, high- temperature fabrics within both the plu- ton and the Coast shear zone (Ingram and Hutton, 1994; Klepeis et al., 1996). The Figure 2. a: Geologic resulting steep thermal gradient implies map of part of the Central a sharp rheological contrast across the Gneiss Complex after Coast shear zone during uplift, when the Hutchison (1982), Berg Quottoon pluton was intruding. et al. (1988), and Gareau We emphasize that the fundamental, et al. (1997). The rem- crustal-scale break that controlled emplace- nants of the strike-slip zone are in the area ment of the foliated tonalite sills existed labeled A. Region of prior to their intrusion. Most deformation contemporaneous south- described at the Coast shear zone was syn- west-directed thrusting chronous with or postdated these sills. is in the area labeled B. The location and displacement history Northeast-directed nor- across this zone prior to the intrusion of mal shearing has been identified in area C and the Quottoon pluton is not established. very likely extends at least We argue that because the uplift of as far as Portland Inlet. the Central Gneiss Complex involved mig- b: Cross section showing matitic rocks at temperatures of 600 to projection of surface geol- 700 °C, older kinematic indicators were ogy to depth along the line indicated on the map overprinted by high-temperature penetra- and correspondence of some reflectors on the ACCRETE seismic profile (along ship track) to the geology tive deformation across the Coast shear (see Hollister et al., 1996). The north end of the cross section is correlated with the seismic section at the zone associated with this uplift. Heat from end of the arrow along the ship track. the plutons and dikes intruded during this

4 GSA TODAY, November 1997 Figure 3. (looking down cate initial recovery and grain growth after and northeast) of the deformation when the rocks were still hot. high-temperature dextral shear zone in location A The shear zone and associated kilometer- in Figure 2a. The amphi- scale isoclinal folds are crosscut by the bolite xenolith contains 58 Ma Quottoon pluton, which was itself internal foliation at ~90° affected by the final phases of dextral to external foliation, shearing. These relations suggest that the indicating clockwise Quottoon pluton intruded an active dex- rotation consistent with asymmetry of the tails. tral transpressive shear zone during the The amphibolite xenolith waning stages of deformation. to the left of the coin is Within the part of the Central Gneiss cut by synthetic shears Complex shown in Figure 2a, large regions filled with leucosome, of gently north to northeast dipping layer- indicating the presence ing contain abundant kinematic (move- of melt during shearing. An asymmetric calcsilicate ment) indicators for apparent top-to-the- nodule also indicates southwest thrusting (area B in Fig. 2a; Fig. dextral shearing. Note 2b; Hollister et al., 1996). Rusmore et al. the low-angle, melt-filled synthetic shear band cutting the foliation near the base of the photo. Courtesy (1996) found similar features just south of of Cameron Davidson. this area. The sequence with high-temper- ature, penetratively deformed layering is over 3 km thick where it was defined in area B in Figure 2a. Tonalitic sills ranging uplift intensified the effect. High tempera- Central Gneiss Complex from meters to kilometers in thickness tures promoted recrystallization and Andronicos et al. (1996) found evi- are intruded mostly concordantly into recovery, leading to further resetting of dence for dextral strike-slip motion across the layering (Fig. 2b). Dates of 75 Ma from fabrics. a northwest-trending shear zone in the zircon inclusions in garnets, and of 65 Ma Whereas Cowan et al. (1997) argued Central Gneiss Complex (Figs. 2a and 3). from zircons in the matrix of the layered against the Coast shear zone being a locus This shear zone is at least 3 km thick and sequence (Woodsworth et al., 1983) imply of strike-slip motion, they considered that can be traced for ~25 km along the east that thrusting began prior to the intrusion strike-slip motion could have occurred to side of the Quottoon pluton (area A in of the Quottoon pluton. Field relations the east along a hypothetical Baja British Fig. 2a). Lineations in the shear zone are (Andronicos et al., 1996) confirm that the Columbia fault system within the Coast northwest-trending and have gentle to Quottoon pluton intruded after thrusting Plutonic Complex. We accept this possibil- moderate plunges. The structures record- was largely complete. Metamorphic P-T ity, but we emphasize that the Coast shear ing dextral kinematics formed at high paths of the high-grade rocks containing zone cannot be excluded as part of the enough temperatures that leucosomes the thrust fabric show that they were at Baja British Columbia fault system. (melt patches) are concentrated in asym- metric boudin necks and shear bands (see photo). Medium to coarse grain sizes indi- Baja B.C. continued on p. 6

Figure 4. Schematic block diagram and cross sections of part of the Central Gneiss Complex (Fig. 2a). Circle with dot indi- cates motion out of the section. Circle with cross indicates motion into the section. Cross sections drawn just north of and parallel to the Skeena River (Fig. 2a). A: Development of strike-slip and thrust-related fabrics during Late Cretaceous transpressive motion of the Insular superterrane relative to Stikinia (Baja British Columbia fault). B: Uplift of the Central Gneiss Complex during intrusion and crys- tallization of the Quottoon pluton. Unroofing in part by northeast-directed extensional shears. C: Late deformation across Coast shear zone (Cook and Crawford, 1994) and intrusion of Kasiks sill and Ponder pluton (see Fig. 2).

GSA TODAY, November 1997 5 Baja B.C. continued from p. 5 toon pluton at the Skeena River puts a during their emplacement. If these plu- younger limit on the transpressive stage. tons were generated above a subduction temperatures over 600 °C during thrusting Pre–58 Ma southwest-directed thrusting zone within an arc, or by melting at the between 85 and 60 Ma, at depths of at could produce the uplift that is recorded base of tectonically overthickened crust least 25 km between 70 and 60 Ma, and at by rapid Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary during thermal relaxation, some magma depths of 10 to 5 km when cooled rapidly erosion in this area (Plafker et al., 1994). should have leaked across the Coast shear from over 600 °C down to 300 °C at 50 Eocene extension along the eastern side zone. The fact that this did not happen Ma (Hollister, 1982). Kilometer-scale (Heah, 1991) contributed to exhumation. calls for an alternative hypothesis. folds within the thrust package that are This synthesis provides arguments for Another consideration is that a large- deflected and refolded by the shear zone substantial cumulative strain throughout scale strike-slip fault system causing thou- indicate that strike-slip deformation out- the Central Gneiss Complex. As shown in sands of kilometers of northward transla- lasted thrusting. Similar metamorphic Figure 4, the complex pattern of structural tion of the Insular superterrane must conditions and kinematic and geometric fabrics can be attributed to strike-slip, nor- involve the mantle lithosphere. As such, compatibility suggest that the thrust and mal, and thrust faulting complicated by a zone of fracture or weakness extending strike-slip zones formed a partitioned local mobilization and upward flow of to the asthenosphere or a Benioff zone(?) transpressive system in which displace- melt. Under the high-temperature (silli- could provide an access path to the crust ments occurred synchronously on hori- manite stability field) conditions in the for basaltic magma. Upon reaching the zontal and vertical surfaces (Fig. 4A). complex between 83 and 50 Ma, new base of the crust, these magmas could Farther east, along the eastern side of ductile deformational fabrics should have pond, providing the exceptional heat the Central Gneiss Complex (area C in Fig. formed continuously, overprinting and source needed to generate the tonalitic 2a), the ductile thrust fabric is cut at a low obliterating earlier fabrics. Cumulate melts that intruded the Coast Plutonic angle by a moderately dipping (~30° east amphibole in the Quottoon pluton indi- Complex at temperatures of >1000 °C. to northeast; Fig. 2b), 4-km-thick mylonite cates derivation from a tonalitic liquid An important consequence of such melt- zone with top-to-the-east-northeast shear intruded at a temperature over 1000 °C. ing and associated metamorphism is the sense (Fig. 4B). This zone of normal shear Assuming that the Coast shear zone was a maintenance of a softened and weakened sense was first recognized by Heah (1991), boundary to the Central Gneiss Complex crust. The continuous intrusion of basaltic who constrained the age to be between 60 during intrusion of the Quottoon pluton magmas and thermal softening of the and 50 Ma. This is more or less the same and subsequent uplift, preexisting kine- mantle lithosphere provides a feedback time as the uplift and exhumation of the matic indicators would not be preserved. mechanism for confining strike-slip dis- Central Gneiss Complex (Hollister, 1982). Instead, the Coast shear zone records kine- placement to a single zone. Microfabric analyses indicate that this matics of pluton emplacement and the We suggest that the western edge of lower temperature mylonitic fabric was rapid uplift of the hot core of the Central the weak part of the mantle shear zone superimposed on the higher temperature Gneiss Complex which lasted until about coincided with the Coast shear zone. To migmatitic thrust fabric. 50 Ma. account for the lack of Late Cretaceous– In the strain history across the Cen- Following collision of the Insular early Tertiary plutons west of the Coast tral Gneiss Complex (Fig. 4), the earliest superterrane and formation of the 100 shear zone, the crust and mantle in this recorded strain was transpressive and was to 90 Ma imbricate thrust system and area must have been cool enough that accommodated by partitioned thrust and associated plutons, relative plate motions melt leaking into this region from the strike-slip–related shearing that largely changed to oblique convergence across Central Gneiss Complex solidified very predated the intrusion of the Quottoon the northwest-trending coastline. This quickly. In essence, the Coast shear zone pluton. The top-to-the-southwest ductile convergence was recorded by top-to-the- marked the edge of a thermal wall. A thrusting predates and overlaps the dex- southwest thrusting and margin-parallel much stronger mantle and crust west tral strike-slip deformation. Fabrics related dextral strike-slip fabrics in rocks now at of this wall caused deformation to be to transpression and to the intrusion of the latitude of the ACCRETE study area. confined to the batholith complex. the “foliated tonalite sill” are postdated by By the time the foliated tonalite sill com- Evidence for basaltic magmas intrud- extensional fabrics related to shearing and plex was intruded, the Kula (Pacific) plate ing the Central Gneiss Complex during emplacement of synextensional plutons had slowed and relative transcurrent the orogenic episode comes from numer- (Fig. 4B). High temperatures persisted motion across the Central Gneiss Com- ous synplutonic basaltic dikes in the throughout the deformation history of plex had effectively stopped. This episode tonalitic plutons and small intrusive ultra- the Central Gneiss Complex, leading to is recorded by rapid exhumation of the mafic bodies. Synplutonic dikes occur as complex strain gradients and overprinting basement and by the normal detachment pillowed mafic layers within the tonalite relations that are difficult to interpret. along the east side of the Central Gneiss plutons and as mafic enclaves. Ultramafic Complex. The slowing and death of the bodies occur as small sills within the lay- Baja British Columbia Fault Zone Kula plate can be attributed to collision ered metamorphic rocks and range in On the basis of our analysis of the of the Insular superterrane with southern composition from pyroxenite to horn- structures in the area shown in Figure 2a, Alaska. This collision is recorded in the blendite. Secondary evidence for the net large-scale northward displacement Chugach terrane at 58 to 55 Ma (Sisson involvement of basalt comes from the across the Central Gneiss Complex is and Pavlis, 1993). exceptionally high temperatures of the likely. Significantly, the emplacement of tonalite plutons. Such high temperatures the 83 to 50 Ma middle to lower crustal Implications for Generation of the require an exceptional heat source, and plutons and migmatites in this region Tonalitic Plutons mafic magmas derived from the mantle overlaps the period when relative motions A major piece of the puzzle is still are an obvious candidate. between the Kula and North America missing. Why are Late Cretaceous–early An important implication of the Cen- plates were predominantly transpressive Tertiary plutons missing west of the Coast tral Gneiss Complex containing the record (Engebretson et al., 1985). The orientation shear zone? We offer our speculations. of strike-slip motion in the ductile lower of the Coast shear zone was appropriate The first question is the mechanism crust is that the roots of a former strike- for strike-slip motion during this time for generating the tonalitic plutons with slip fault can be observed and studied on period. Plutons deformed by the top-to- batholithic proportions, given that some the surface. We need not go 20 km below the-south thrusting have U/Pb dates rang- 1500 to 2000 km of orogen-parallel dis- ing from 83 to 63 Ma. The 58 Ma Quot- placement occurred in the Coast orogen Baja B.C. continued on p. 7

6 GSA TODAY, November 1997 Baja B.C. continued from p. 6 Engebretson, D. C., Cox, A., and Gordon, R. G., 1985, Relative motions between oceanic and continental plates in the Pacific Basin: Geological Society of the surface to understand large strike-slip America Special Paper 206, 59 p. faults like the San Andreas. Understanding Evenchick, C. A., 1991, Geometry, evolution, and how displacements are transmitted from tectonic framework of the Skeena fold and thrust belt, north-central British Columbia: Tectonics, v. 2, the asthenosphere through the mantle p. 527–546. lithosphere and the lower crust to the Gareau, S. A., Woodsworth, G. J., and Rickli, M., 1997, earthquake zone requires the inductive Regional geology of the northeastern quadrant of reasoning of geologists who can identify Terrace map area, west-central British Columbia: and analyze the roots of ancient displace- Geological Survey of Canada Current Research 1997-A, p. 47–55. ment zones. Such a place appears to exist Gehrels, G. E., McClelland, W. C., Samson, S. D., and in the Coast Mountains of British Patchett, P. J., 1991a, U-Pb geochronology of detrital Columbia and southeast Alaska. zircons from a continental margin assemblage in the northern Coast Mountains, southeast Alaska: Canadian ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, p. 899–911. Gehrels, G. E., McClelland, W. C., Samson, S. D., Research supported by National Patchett, P. J., and Brew, D. A., 1991b, U-Pb geo- Science Foundation grant EAR-9526531, chronology of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary plutons in the northern Coast Mountains batholith: the Kraus Memorial Fund, an NSF Gradu- Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 28, p. 899–911. ate Fellowship (Andronicos), and a GSA Heah, T. S. T., 1991, Mesozoic ductile shear and paleo- research grant (Andronicos). We thank gene extension along the eastern margin of the central Keith Klepeis, Dominique Chardon, gneiss complex, Coast belt, Shames River area, near Terrace, British Columbia [M.S. thesis]: Vancouver, Darrel Cowan, Suzanne Kay, and an University of British Columbia, 155 p. anonymous reviewer for constructive Hollister, L. S., 1982, Metamorphic evidence for rapid comments and suggestions. We especially (2 mm/yr) uplift of a portion of the Central Gneiss thank C. Davidson (Beloit College) for the Complex, Coast Mountains, B.C.: Canadian Mineralo- photo. Members of the ACCRETE team gist, v. 20, p. 319–332. have contributed to the content of this Hollister, L. S., Andronicos, C., and Diebold, J., 1996, Correlation of deep crustal reflectors of the ACCRETE paper, but the authors are responsible for seismic section with subsurface exposures of rocks errors and interpretations. The U.S. part of formed in the lower crust: Eos (Transactions, American the ACCRETE project is funded by the NSF Geophysical Union), v. 77, p. F651. Continental Dynamics Program. Hutchison, W. W., 1982, Geology of the Prince Rupert– Sisson, V. B., and Pavlis, T., 1993, Geological conse- Skeena map area, British Columbia: Geological Survey quences of plate reorganization: An example from the of Canada Memoir 394, 116 p. Eocene southern Alaska fore arc: Geology, v. 21, REFERENCES CITED p. 913–916. Ingram, G. M., and Hutton, D. H. W., 1994, The Great Ague, J. J., and Brandon, M. T., 1996, Regional tilt of Tonalite Sill; emplacement into a contractional shear van der Heyden, P., 1992, A Middle Jurassic to early the Mt. Stewart batholith, Washington, determined zone and implications for Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary Andean-Sierran arc model for the Coast Belt using aluminum in hornblende barometry: Implica- Eocene tectonics in southeastern Alaska and British of British Columbia: Tectonics, v. 11, p. 82–97. tions for northward translation of Baja British Columbia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, Woodsworth, G. J., Loveridge, W. D., Parrish, R. R., and Columbia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 715–728. Sullivan, R. W., 1983, Uranium-lead dates from the v. 108, p. 471–488. Klepeis, K. A., Crawford, M. L., and Gehrels, G. E., 1996, Central Gneiss Complex and Ecstall pluton, Prince Andronicos, C. L., Davidson, C., and Hollister, L. S., Structural history of the coast shear zone near Portland Rupert map area, British Columbia: Canadian Journal of 1996, A dextral orogen parallel transcurrent shear zone Inlet, Ak/BC: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Earth Sciences, v. 20, p. 1475–1483. at the eastern margin of the Quottoon Pluton, Coast Union), v. 77, p. F651. Wynne, P. J., Irving, E., Maxson, J. A., and Kleinspehn, Orogen, British Columbia: Eos (Transactions, American K. L., 1995, Paleomagnetism of the Upper Cretaceous Geophysical Union), v. 77, p. F651. McClelland, W. C., Gehrels, G. E., Samson, S. D., and Patchett, P. J., 1992a, Protolith relations of the Gravina strata of Mount Tatlow: Evidence for 3000 km of north- Berg, H. C., Eliott, R. L., and Koch, R. D., 1988, belt and Yukon-Tanana terrane in central southeastern ward displacement of the eastern Coast Belt, British Geologic map of the Ketchikan and Prince Rupert Alaska: Journal of Geology, v. 100, p. 107–123. Columbia: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, quadrangles, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Sur- p. 6073–6091. McClelland, W. C., Gehrels, G. E., Samson, S. D., and vey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1807, Manuscript received May 5, 1997; revision received scale 1:250 000. Patchett, P. J., 1992b, Structural and geochronologic relations along the western flank of the Coast Moun- September 8, 1997; accepted September 12, 1997 ■ Bogue, S. W., Gromme, S., and Hillhouse, J. W., 1995, tains batholith: Stikine River to Cape Fanshaw, central Paleomagnetism, magnetic anisotropy, and mid- southeastern Alaska: Journal of Structural Geology, Cretaceous paleolatitude of the Duke island (Alaska) v. 14, p. 475–489. ultramafic complex: Tectonics, v. 14, p. 1133–1152. Each month, GSA Today features a short Monger, J. W. H., van der Heyden, P., Journeay, J. M., Brew, D. A., and Ford, A. B., 1978, Megalineament in Evenchick, C. A., and Mahoney, J. B., 1994, Jurassic- science article on current topics of gen- southeastern Alaska marks southwest edge of Coast Cretaceous basins along the Canadian Coast Belt: Their eral interest. For guidelines on submit- Range batholithic complex: Canadian Journal of Earth bearing on pre–mid-Cretaceous sinistral displacements: ting an article, contact either GSA Today Sciences, v. 15, p. 1763–1772. Geology, v. 22, p. 175–178. Science Editor: Cook, R. D., and Crawford, M. L., 1994, Exhumation Plafker, G., Moore, J. C., and Winkler, G. R., 1994, and tilting of the western metamorphic belt of the Geology of the southern Alaska margin, in The geology S. M. Kay, Cornell University Coast orogen in southern southeastern Alaska: Tecton- of Alaska: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of (607)255-4701, fax 607-254-4780 ics, v. 13, p. 528–537. America, Decade of North American Geology, v. G-1, [email protected] Cowan, D., 1994, Alternative hypotheses for the mid- p. 389-451. Cretaceous paleogeography of the Western Cordillera: Rubin, C. M., Saleeby, J., Cowan, D. S., Brandon, M. T., M. F. Miller, Vanderbilt University GSA Today, v. 4, p. 181, 184–186. and McGroder, M. F., 1990, Regionally extensive mid- (615) 322-3528, fax 615-322-2137 Cowan, D. S., Brandon, M. T., and Garver, J. I., 1997, Cretaceous west-vergent thrust system in the north- Geologic tests of hypotheses for large coastwise dis- western Cordillera: Implications for continent-margin [email protected] placements—A critique illustrated by the Baja British tectonism: Geology, v. 18, p. 276–280. Columbia controversy: American Journal of Science, Rusmore, M. E., Gehrels, G. E., and Shula, S., 1996, v. 297, p. 117–173. Evolution of the Central Gneiss Complex (CGC), 54°N Crawford, M. L., Hollister, L. S., and Woodsworth, G. J., lat., British Columbia: Eos (Transactions, American 1987, Crustal deformation and regional metamorphism Geophysical Union), v. 77, p. F651. across a terrane boundary, Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia: Tectonics, v. 6, p. 343–361.

GSA TODAY, November 1997 7 Future … GeoVentures are a special benefit created for members, but they are open also to guests and friends. GeoVentures is the overall name for adult educational and adventure experiences of two kinds: GeoTrips or GeoHostels. Both are known for expert scientific leadership. Fees for both are low to moderate (relative to the length of time and destination) and include lodging and meals as designated. The venues, however, are quite different.

Choose from two types of GSA GeoVentures— GeoHostels GeoTrips Length 5 days 1 to 3 weeks Cost Under $500 Over $1000 Site College campuses or resort towns, North America Worldwide Time of Year Summer Anytime Traveling Limited. Possible one or two 1⁄2-day field trips Daily change of site Ground Transportation Provided by participants Provided by GSA Physical Requirements None May be physically demanding Education Daily classroom programs and field excursions Informal, outdoor field instruction

This fantastic trip will float the Colorado River in the Grand GeoTrip Canyon with several Grand Canyon geologists. Brad Ilg, the lead instructor for the trip, has been guiding exciting geology river trips in the Grand Canyon since 1990 for various universities and muse- ums. His work on the Precambrian rocks of the Upper and Middle Granite Gorges is included in the new Geologic Map of the Eastern Grand Canyon. Brad will show the group seldom-visited side canyons in the Granite Gorges, locations that yield insights to the island-arc origins of the highly deformed Precambrian rocks. The group will discuss the models for continental growth through island arc accretion and examine features that record island arc assembly to the proto–North American continent. Mike Timmons, a Grand Canyon Supergroup specialist and professional Grand Canyon river guide, will lead the group to the old “horse thief trail” in Chuar Valley, to explore the Precambrian rift-related Chuar sedimentary rocks, visit 800-million-year-old stromatolites, and see the incredi- bly organic-rich Precambrian Chuaria Formation. Jeff Bennett, a Grand Canyon beach and aquatic systems specialist and profes- sional Grand Canyon river guide, will lead discussions on the results of the experimental flood of 1996 and discuss sediment mass balance and river systems dynamics in the postdam envi- ronment. The strong monsoon season of 1997 has had a dramatic effect on the sediment load in the river channel, and the group will see, first hand, the effects of another artificial flood scheduled for release during the fall of 1997. Joel Pederson, a geomorphologist From the Birth and sedimentologist working in the Grand Wash Trough at the western end of the canyon, will review the evidence for the timing of a Continent of the cutting of the canyon. He will also review the various mod- els for the evolution of the Grand Canyon, from stream capture via to Glen Canyon headward erosion to Major John Wesley Powell’s models of “super- position” and “antecedence.” Dam: a Grand This is an exceptional opportunity for the physically fit person to visit the world’s premier natural laboratory. April is a beautiful time of year to visit the Grand Canyon. There are few other trips Canyon Voyage on the river at that time, and the weather is usually perfect for hik- April 10–18, 1998 ing. Participants will see locations in the Grand Canyon that are 9 days, 8 nights rarely visited by standard commercial trips. We will run some of

Photo by Adam Read the world’s best white water and visit such magical locations as Elves Chasm and Deer Creek Falls, in the context of learning Scientific Leaders about the cutting edge of Grand Canyon geologic theory. Brad Ilg, Cerro Alto Geological Consultants, Inc., Glorieta, New Mexico Schedule (Note: The on-river schedule is subject to change) Jeff Bennett, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona April 10 Travel day to Las Vegas, Nevada. Stay at Maxim Hotel. Mike Timmons, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, April 11 Depart Maxim Hotel at 6:00 a.m. and travel by bus to New Mexico Lee’s Ferry. Arrive Lee’s Ferry at 10:30 a.m. Meet scien- Joel Pederson, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, tific leaders for pre-trip orientation; start down river at New Mexico 11:00 a.m. Camp at South Canyon.

8 GSA TODAY, November 1997 April 12 Boat to Lava Canyon. Stop at Red Wall Cavern and Included: All meals beginning with lunch on April 11 and granaries at Nankoweap Canyon. ending with breakfast on April 18. Transportation by bus from April 13 Boat to Crystal Canyon. Hike Lava Canyon, visit horse Las Vegas, Nevada, to Lee’s Ferry, where you will meet the science thief trail in Chuar Valley. Stop at Mineral Canyon to exam- leaders and crew, and bus transportation from Pearce Ferry, Ari- ine granulite-grade migmatites. Stop at Vishnu Canyon to zona, back to Las Vegas, Nevada. All river equipment including examine amphibolite-grade metasedimentary rocks. tents, sleeping bags, sleeping pads, geological reading materials, April 14 Boat to Stone Creek. Stop at Tuna Canyon to study an and river guidebook. island-arc–related pluton. Stop at Elves Chasm to see Not included: Airfare to and from Las Vegas. “oldest rock in the Southwest.” Stop at Blacktail Canyon. April 15 Boat to National Canyon. Hike from Tapeats Creek through Precambrian Unkar Group to Thunder River and Geohostel down to Deer Creek Falls. April 16 Boat to 224 Mile Canyon. Run Lava Falls. April 17 Boat to Separation Canyon. Hike Hurricane fault up to Geology of the flank of Diamond Peak. April 18 Boat to Pearce Ferry. Leave for Las Vegas, Nevada, by bus Southwestern San Juan at 11:00 a.m. Arrive Las Vegas about 3:00 p.m. Fly out of Las Vegas late afternoon. Mountains Durango, Colorado Lodging, Meals, and Transportation June 27–July 2, 1998 • 5 days, 6 nights Arizona River Runners and the science leaders will provide all meals, field instruction, professional river guides, river-related Scientific Leaders: Gregory Holden and Ken Kolm, equipment (including camping gear), and transportation from Las Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado. Vegas, Nevada, to Lee’s Ferry, Arizona, on April 11 and from Pearce Ferry, Arizona, to Las Vegas, Nevada, on April 18. Geohostel Elite Travel is familiar with the trip itinerary and can handle all reservations in and out of Las Vegas; they can also arrange hotel and airfare discounts. Call Jill or Dora with Elite Travel at 1-800- Geology of the 441-5880. Grand Teton–Yellowstone Physical Requirements This trip includes several moderately difficult, always optional, Country hikes that are usually less than two miles round trip from the boats. Jackson, Wyoming Although at a reasonable pace with many points to rest and to July 18–23, 1998 • 5 days, 6 nights explore the geology, these hikes should be undertaken only by per- sons in good health who are physically active. Verification of health Scientific Leaders: Rob Thomas and Sheila Roberts, coverage will be required. No rafting experience is necessary. Western Montana College, Dillon, Montana. Fee and Payment Please see the December issue of GSA Today GSA Member: $1745 Nonmember: $1845 Based on 25 people. The trip may be more if there are fewer regis- for more information on the trants. A $200 deposit, due with your reservation, is refundable through January 2, 1998, less $50 processing fee. Total balance 1998 GeoHostels. due: January 2, 1998. Minimum age: 21.

DEPOSIT NO. OF TOTAL PAID GRAND CANYON REGISTRATION PER PERSON PERSONS DEPOSIT GT981—Grand Canyon $200 ____ $______Send a deposit to hold your reservation; please pay by check or credit card. You will receive further information and a confirmation of your registration within two weeks after your reservation is received. VISA MasterCard American Express

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Mailing Address YOU CAN REGISTER ON THE WEB OR MAIL OR FAX City/State/Country/ZIP REGISTRATION FORM AND CHECK OR CREDIT CARD INFORMATION TO: Phone (business/home) 1998 GSA GeoVentures, GSA Meetings Department, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. Guest Name fax 303-447-0648

GSA Member # MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO: GSA 1998 GeoVentures

CALL TODAY FOR MORE INFORMATION: 1-800-472-1988, x134, or (303) 447-2020, E-mail: [email protected], fax 303-447-0648. Check for updates: http://www.geosociety.org

GSA TODAY, November 1997 9 Institute for Environmental ENVIRONMENT MATTERS Education What I Did On My Summer Vacation: Reports from Badlands and Denali National Parks

In the summer of 1997, the Institute for Environmental Education inaugurated its National Park Service Internship Program by sponsor- ing undergraduate interns at Denali and Badlands National Parks. Two interns were selected from an applicant pool of about fifty inter- ested undergraduates. Stipends were provided by a generous grant from the Frank A. Campini Foundation. Brenda K. Saville, a senior at the University of Iowa, was selected as the intern at Badlands, and Sarah Schlichtholz, a University of Montana senior, was chosen for Denali. Below, they report on their experiences.

They Don’t Seem So Bad to Me Sarah Schlichtholz hiking out of Long Creek after a heavy Brenda K. Saville rainfall. Denali lies some- The 1997 summer in the Badlands where behind the clouds. was indeed an experience. Viewing the geology, paleontology, and prairie ecology One of my special projects was to write ples for the park reference collection. I also of the park helped put the Badlands into a text for the back of a paleontology poster. participated in a wide range of other pro- perspective not achievable in a classroom. The text dealt with the Badlands geology, jects to experience the full spectrum of the Interacting with many visitors—by fossilization process, theories about the ani- WAGS Branch activities. I took part in the answering questions, assisting with prob- mals shown on the poster, and the future long-term monitoring of the East Toklat lems, and giving presentations—was per- of Badlands National Park paleontology. glacier, and I assisted in surveying major sonally gratifying. Doing in-depth Another project was to draw some of the slumping and potential gravel loss along research for a presentation about fossils extinct mammals for poster presentations. the Denali road. Within the Drunken For- and the prairie led to a greater knowledge The prairie walk involved taking visitors for est mud flows, I serviced rain gauge equip- of these subjects. And the weather! It was a one-hour introduction to prairie ecology. ment and observed new activity. I investi- not the hot dry summer that I had This was a favorite visitor activity. gated the Cantwell Formation with expected; there were many cool and rainy My internship in Badlands National visiting researchers from Allegheny Col- days. By the middle of August, the grass Park provided me with a wonderful opportu- lege, and I joined the Alaska Department was still green and lush. The average nity to increase my knowledge of geology of Geophysical and Geological Survey in a annual rainfall of 15–16 inches was and paleontology, learn about prairie ecol- mapping effort of the Healy quadrangle reached by August 16! ogy, share this knowledge with the public, just southeast of the park boundary. What did the internship involve? and, I hope, impart some of my enthusiasm Finally, I collected water samples for First there were two weeks of training. for this wonderful environment. chemical and suspended-sediment analy- We learned about the mission of the park, ses, measured discharge, and conducted its resources and visitor protection plans, other hydrologic tests in Stony Creek, Rock and what it means to be an interpreter. My Summer With the WAGS Creek, and Long Creek. For the Long Creek There were field trips to show us the geol- Sarah Schlichtholz monitoring effort, my companions and I ogy, paleontology, and prairie ecology, I arrived in Denali National Park and hiked into the valley between the Dutch and courses on first aid and CPR. Preserve in mid-June to work for 11 weeks and Peters Hills from the Denali State Park Within the 40-hour work week, I gave within the Water, Air, Ground, and Soils boundary—packs filled with bedding and daily presentations (such as talks about (WAGS) Branch of the Research and cooking supplies shoved between filters, fossils, and guided walks in the prairie). Resource Preservation Division. After sample bottles, and pH and TDS testers. Other duties involved roving the trails a short orientation on the workings of After we installed the equipment, it did its and campgrounds to interact with visitors, headquarters, I immediately began work duties for the next 24 hours and left us to working on individually assigned projects, on producing a paleontology database for contemplate the rain, the clouds, the errat- and assisting the Badlands Natural History the park. I created the relational database ics, the bears, and our isolation. Association staff in the gift shop. management system designed specifically Besides work (which hardly seemed I created my own presentations. to acquire, organize, find, and present like work at all), I had several opportuni- There was not a preset script to follow, information concerning paleontological ties to visit the park and experience the and research was therefore an absolute data reported from the vicinity. The actual back country, the wilderness, and the necessity. In this way I came to under- input of the data and the cross-correlation wildlife. On several of these trips “down stand the importance of the fossils, geol- of various documents required the remain- the road,” I investigated the regional geol- ogy, and prairie of Badlands National Park. der of the summer. In all, the database of ogy on my own, doing general reconnais- My fossil talk focused on the extinct mam- paleontology of Denali National Park con- sance of the rocks and structures I encoun- mals of the Oligocene, and especially the sists of 1,068 cited fossils from 276 locali- tered. I have developed a strong urge to oreodont beds of the Brule Formation. ties. Fossils include Paleozoic and Mesozoic solve once and for all the Denali fault Much has been written about the vast marine invertebrates and microfossils, problem and put the Triassic section of number of fossils found in these Oligocene Mesozoic and Cenozoic plant material, and the south side in order. I should have no sediments, but it is hard to comprehend Cenozoic insect and pollen data. problem coming up with a master’s thesis until one sees for one’s self the huge Time and helicopter support allowed for the future. ■ numbers of exposed fossils. visits to three target areas to collect sam-

10 GSA TODAY, November 1997 GSAF UPDATE Digging Up the Past Robert L. Fuchs Most memorable early geological experience: From the Ground Up with proven estate planning expertise are essential. Equally essential is coordination Producing a million mineral Last summer, while waiting for a con- among the advisors. One estate in trouble field guides which have cert to begin at the Aspen Music Festival, had had three planners; each talked to the inspired hundreds, my wife and I had a brief conversation estate owner but none talked to each possibly thousands, with a friend, just widowed, who men- other. Thus, even with excellent advice, to find in geology tioned the problems she was having with individuals must play an active role in a rewarding career. her late husband’s estate. His death fol- their own estate planning by asking ques- —Fred Pough lowed a long illness. “We thought we had tions, providing information, and confid- arranged everything, and instead I have ing even the most sensitive matters to at been inundated with difficult matters that least one key advisor. are proving to be very messy and taking a The GSA Foundation’s library has sev- lot of time to resolve,” she lamented. eral booklets available that can help you Owners,” and “Estate Planning for the Just two days later, in a telephone become familiar with the fundamentals of 21st Century.” Call, write, or e-mail the conversation, a GSA member described the effective estate planning. Our selection Foundation for a copy of one or all of the turmoil surrounding a deceased professor’s includes “Planning Your Bequests,” “Trusts booklets. estate. Again, the family knew that he had in Financial Planning,” “Estate Planning The reading is easy and the results taken care to arrange everything. for Women,” “Planning for Real Estate can be profound. ■ These two conversations aroused my curiosity: Are these isolated incidents or are there chronic problems occurring in Donors to the Foundation, August 1997 settling individuals’ estates? Further, what exactly are the problems and are they be (Please note: All contributions, both annual and Second Century Fund, are included under the fund preventable? I decided to call an acquain- designated by the donor.) tance who is a broker at a large national firm that customarily deals with the trusts Cordilleran Section Northeastern Section Unrestricted— and estates of wealthy individuals. His Endowment Fund Endowment Fund Foundation ◆ ◆ comments, paraphrased here, were Kiguma J. Murata Frederick L. Klinger Robert A. Cadigan George R. Hallberg◆ interesting. GEOSTAR Penrose Conferences Such difficulties are fairly frequent Eileen A. Herrstrom◆ H. Allen Curran Daniel B. Stephens & and typically relate to three easily over- Lois S. Kent* Associates, Inc.* looked “traps.” The first trap is underesti- History of Geology Frederick L. Klinger◆ mating the value of estate assets. The long- Award Research Grants Kiguma J. Murata◆ ◆ running bull market in stocks and the Gretchen Luepke David L. Meyer Thompson M. Stout* unusual appreciation of real estate can cre- ate unexpectedly high net worth. Ten and Minority Fund SAGE Women in Science twenty percent annual increases in market A. Wesley Ward, Jr. Rachel Cowan Roger L. Duba indices have made personal investments Daniel R. Shawe◆ and the assets in tax-sheltered retirement North-Central Section plans much more valuable. Homes bought Endowment Fund ◆ 25 years ago for $25,000 may now be George R. Hallberg *Century Plus Roster (gifts of $150 or more). worth 25 times the purchase price. Eileen A. Herrstrom◆ ◆Second Century Fund. Additionally, many of these homes, together with bank accounts and other assets, are held in joint tenancy. This form of ownership fixes the distribution of the GSA Foundation 3300 Penrose Place property and may adversely affect the out- P.O. Box 9140 come of other estate planning efforts. Sim- Boulder, CO 80301 ilarly, life insurance payable to an estate (303) 447-2020 may unnecessarily become a taxable asset [email protected] by adding to the adjusted gross value of the estate. In fact, the common problem in all Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______. these instances is incomplete planning. If a Please add my name to the Century Plus Roster (gifts of $150 or more). husband and wife establish a living trust to avoid probate yet do not transfer and retitle Please credit my gift to the ______Fund. a high-value asset such as the family home, PLEASE PRINT an important benefit of the trust may be lost. And the surviving spouse, at an emo- Name ______tionally difficult time, must cope with a Address ______matter thought to have been taken care of. What can be done to prevent or mini- City/State/ZIP ______mize the risk of costly planning failures? Competent advisors—attorneys, Phone ______accountants or financial consultants—

GSA TODAY, November 1997 11 12 GSA TODAY, November 1997 SAGE REMARKS

Karen L. Bice, Pennsylvania State University Using Geology to Engage Young Minds in Science

As a geologist, you have the advan- believes that each one of them is capable Second and Third tage of knowing a lot about one of the of making valid observations and solving Grade Experiences most accessible sciences for young minds. meaningful problems. The seven to nine year-olds were You would have difficulty finding a larger, clearly ready for a somewhat more struc- more receptive audience of creative minds Kindergarten and First Grade tured lesson and were ready to solve a than in the local elementary school—per- Experiences “problem.” Thinking that I had been haps the ideal place in which to initiate Young kids seem to be naturally fasci- invited to speak only to one second grade Science Awareness through Geoscience nated by rocks, but they are far from ready class, I planned to introduce the students Education. to put rocks, minerals, and fossils into the to the concepts of geologic time, of rocks Since December 1995, earth science larger context of earth processes. Similarly, as having a determinable age, and of the has been a distinct discipline in the they are not able to understand the differ- correlation of widely distributed rock units national K–12 science curriculum. While ence between a rock and a mineral. They using fossil assemblages. I prepared boxes many of the K–5 school teachers I have use the term “fossil” correctly, but every- containing sand in which I had buried talked to have fond memories of an intro- thing else is a “stone” or a “rock.” At the fossils. I knew that this age group is rabid ductory geoscience course taken in their kindergarten and first grade levels, it about dinosaurs, so, having only one fossil freshman year in college, even those indi- seemed to me that content was therefore dinosaur bone, I substituted 2-inch plastic viduals have a poor understanding of not as important as simply providing the dinosaur models in lovely neon pink, Earth, and few have ever had to prepare students with the opportunity to handle green, and orange. I planned to give the a hands-on earth science activity for and ask questions about a wide variety of students a simple chart of fossil ranges, their classroom. Teachers are looking to rocks, minerals, and fossils. have them sieve the sand “collecting” improve and expand the earth science For the kindergartners, it was fun fossil specimens, and assign ages to each units they teach. This requires more vari- to play geologist, using a magnifying “assemblage.” The afternoon before the ety of materials, new ideas, and closer glass or hand lens, drawing pictures of planned visit, however, I learned that it interaction with earth scientists. Fortu- rocks in a notebook. One kindergarten had been arranged that I would speak nately, there is increasing involvement child, whom I knew to be overly active, to all six of the second and third grade by professional societies in K–12 earth occupied himself throughout my entire classes, at one time, gathered on the floor science. The activities available to teach visit by experimenting with the pumice of one classroom. A hands-on activity earth science in many elementary schools in a beaker of water. He relished the role was out of the question, and I had one almost invariably come without what is of demonstrator and did not disrupt the evening to design an activity that would really needed to make them work: support class. The first graders were ready to com- not only convey a geological concept, from a knowledgeable, enthusiastic earth pare the streak and hardness of a few but would hold the attention of over scientist. Members of the GSA Partners in minerals, but the names of the minerals 150 seven to nine year-olds. Education Program (PEP) are among those seemed unimportant. I pulled out one of the three resource serving as valuable resources to individual At this level, it is good to demonstrate books compiled by the SEPM Committee teachers, schools, and school districts. We the widely varying physical properties of on K–12 earth science education (www. invite you to join us simply as someone obsidian, pumice, chalk, magnetite, halite, ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/sepm/k12/). An activ- who contributes to the early earth science graphite, talc, sulfur, mica. Be willing to ity titled “Detective Work on Fossil Foot- education of a small group of vital individ- sacrifice a good halite, pyrite, galena, or prints” by Lauret Savoy and Steven Roof uals. To whatever extent you feel comfort- calcite specimen in a demonstration of showed promise as a demonstration activ- able and are able, get involved in an ele- “how minerals break.” This makes a safe ity, provided I created large-scale versions mentary school. “magic trick” —“I simply put the piece of of the visual aids required. The exercise is During each of the past six years, I halite into this canvas sample bag, hit it based on a dinosaur trackway preserved in have visited one grade at Radio Park Ele- with my rock hammer, and ...” pour out the Morrison Formation of southeastern mentary School in State College, Pennsyl- a dozen perfectly formed tiny cubes. If a Colorado. Using three pieces of poster vania, starting in the kindergarten and microscope is available, have the children board, I recreated the suggested large dino- graduating through the ranks to the fifth look at table salt. Where have we seen that saur–small dinosaur–predator trace-fossil grade. In a sense, I have tracked one group before? Let the children write on the patterns in three large “puzzle pieces.” of about 80 kids through their elementary board with (naturally occurring) chalk, After introducing the concept that school career. This telling of my experi- on black construction paper with talc, ancient history can be reconstructed from ences is perhaps less “sage remarks” than on white paper with graphite. Children fossil evidence, I taped the poster board one earth scientist’s perspective of what at this age also like to be shown seemingly trackway up one section at a time, allow- it takes to interest and challenge a group impossible tricks. “I’ll bet you that I can ing the children to offer suggestions to of kids as they mature from six to eleven use a rock to write your name” or “Do you answer “What was going on here?” Each year-olds. The challenge to me has been think rocks float?” These experiments may puzzle piece added something to the story to continually challenge the students at sound overly simplistic to us as adults, but and allowed more possible ancient sce- an appropriate level of understanding. we all have to work hard to avoid packing narios. The students’ wonderfully creative The advantage to the teachers has been too much into our next GSA meeting pre- minds generated ideas that I had not ready access to a local resource for ideas, sentation: a simple idea conveyed using a anticipated, tending as I do toward “most answers, and some materials. I hope that simple example often goes a long way in likely explanations.” In the end, of course, one of the benefits to the students has teaching. we could not be sure what had happened, been knowing first hand a scientist who SAGE Remarks continued on p. 14

GSA TODAY, November 1997 13 SAGE Remarks continued from p. 13 each day for several days, with sometimes The same year that I visited the fourth a fossil leaf between layers. The exercise grade, I happened to have purchased sev- but the children had created at least three provided an excellent opportunity to feel eral palm-sized pieces of the fossiliferous plausible interpretations and there was the latent heat of crystallization as gyp- Green River Formation at Ulrich’s Fossil some brief, deafening debate of their sum crystals formed in the cups. Return- Gallery (phone 307-877-6466), near Fossil relative merits. ing with a canvas sample bag and rock Butte National Monument, Wyoming. The Following this, we turned to the hammer when the rocks were fully fine-grained claystone matrix surrounding extinction of the dinosaurs and other formed, I broke a student’s “rock,” if he well-preserved fish bones is easily crushed animals. This is a natural context in which or she wanted. We were able to find molds and removed by using a steel needle. to introduce the concept of geologic time. and casts and to see individual layers, Under close supervision and wearing pro- I tacked up and unrolled the first five feet separated by well-constrained 24-hour tective goggles, the students took turns of a roll of remnant wallpaper on the back hiatuses. “excavating” 50-million-year-old fish of which I had drawn the geological time bones. The fourth grade students found scale at a scale of 1 inch = 10 million Fourth and Fifth Grade this “really cool.” Several wanted to know years. Using volunteers from the group Experiences where they could get a piece of fossil fish and stick-on notes, we marked the earliest for themselves. (While this activity would It had become more and more chal- evidence of such popular life forms as have fit well with the third grade rock lenging to anticipate the capabilities of the sharks, horses, flowering plants, trees, making activity, I wouldn’t have allowed elementary school students, and I began and humans. We marked the first and last younger children to work with the sharp to fear underestimating their level of occurrences of trilobites and dinosaurs. needles. I recall having used the same tool understanding. Beginning with the fourth The first five feet of this chart encom- to stabilize poor unfortunate squid and grade, I decided to go “overprepared,” passed the Phanerozoic. Rolled out to the frogs in high school biology lab.) ready to move on to a slightly more middle of the audience, the 33-foot roll Again in the fifth grade, the elemen- complex scientific concept as long as stretched back into the early Archean. tary curriculum included a formal earth the children appeared to follow. The students were dazzled when they science unit. The teachers were glad to By age nine or ten, most children in heard that we’d need nearly five more have a resource person, and I answered central Pennsylvania have been to a com- feet of paper to questions and supplied ideas when possi- mercial tourist reach the age of ble. One pre-packaged activity that the cave. Browsing a Earth. teachers planned to use involved recon- Carlsbad Caverns It hadn’t structing Gondwana. The children cut souvenir shop, I been easy, but continental shapes from a map photo- had recently dis- this thrown- copied onto 11" by 17" paper and glued covered how to together trace fos- them onto a large sheet of construction “Grow Beautiful sil–time scale visit paper. There was no right or wrong way Crystal Forma- was perhaps the to do this, because the exercise was based tions from Magic most rewarding only on the observation that the conti- Rocks! ($2.50 one I have made. nents appeared to fit together like puzzle plus tax).” Hav- Still, I wasn’t will- pieces. After the students had this first ing neglected to purchase any of these ing to try it again anytime soon, so the pass at Gondwana, I supplied a version pieces of magic limestone, I picked some next year I agreed to visit only one class- of the same initial map with several up along the side of the local basketball room. Fortunately, the third grade curricu- topographic features and rock and fossil court. Each student brought a glass lum that year included a geology unit. I distributions drawn in. The teachers were jar from home, and the school supplied begged unwanted sediment and rock sam- instructed to introduce the idea that if two a gallon bottle of distilled white vinegar. ples from the Penn State repositories and land masses were once joined together I reminded the children of the dominant was able to provide a set that represented a and subsequently “pulled apart,” moun- local rock type (limestone), and intro- simple metamorphic series: jar of mud, tain ranges and fossil beds that were once duced the concepts of partial dissolution shale, slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss. A continuous might now be separated by of calcite in the presence of a weak acid set of questions on index cards accompa- ocean. Armed with these data, the stu- (vinegar or the local rain) and the precipi- nied each specimen, guiding the students’ dents re-did their Gondwana recon- tation of a similar mineral (aragonite) fol- observations about texture. These were struction and compared it to the earlier lowing the release of a dissolved gas (car- displayed for a week along a long, low version. bon dioxide). Seeing that the class had window sill in the third grade classroom. A few questions remained; for exam- followed me so far, I was ready with a sim- The students wrote their observations in ple, where to put Madagascar? What to do ple chemical equation describing the pro- journals and, on the basis of clues built with Iceland? At that point, I visited one cess. I tried to make this a very simplified into the teacher’s lessons, tried to reason of the three fifth grade classrooms armed introduction to the idea that many things out how and why these rocks were differ- with a colorful sea-floor age map (http:// that happen in the earth can be expressed ent. I visited the next week, and the chil- www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/), block as something that looks like a math dren could present their cases before the diagrams of a spreading center and sub- “word” problem. geologist, ask questions and get the meta- duction trench, and a flip book illustrating Each student put a rock sample in morphic story, told at an 8- and 9- year- plate motions of the last 750 million the jar and half covered it with vinegar. old level. years, courtesy of Chris Scotese, the Pale- Carbon dioxide bubbles released from the Having discussed layering and com- omap Project, and the University of Texas rock surface indicated the chemical “reac- paction of sediments to form sedimentary at Arlington Geosociety (fax 817-273-2628). tion in action.” The aragonite crystals rocks, the students brought their own I pointed out to the students how what grew over the next two weeks. Some chil- “sediments” from home—marbles, beads, they had done in revising their reconstruc- dren added food coloring to the evaporat- glitter, pebbles, the omnipresent plastic tion of a supercontinent (they liked that ing liquid. All kept daily records of their dinosaur—and made their own “rocks” term) mimicked the discovery by geolo- observations. One student’s journal con- using plaster, sand, and water. The ingredi- gists of new information which added to tained poems about her crystals. ents were mixed in paper cups, a layer of matrix and larger “grains” being added SAGE Remarks continued on p. 15

14 GSA TODAY, November 1997 SAGE Remarks continued from p. 14 the development of the theory of plate LETTER TO THE EDITOR tectonics. We took the problem a step further with the introduction of sea-floor age mapping, changes in Earth’s magnetic Edwards Aquifer and Edwards Limestone— polarity and discovery of a tremendous Nomenclature and Confusion mountain ridge in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Sharp and Banner (“The Edwards Aquifer: A Resource in Conflict,” GSA Today, We discussed sea-floor spreading, and I v. 7, no. 8) assert, “Some confusion still persists over differences between hydros- helped the students calculate how much tratigraphic and stratigraphic nomenclature.” But with the very next sentence they wider the North Atlantic has become since add to this confusion by stating, “It is not always recognized, for instance, that they were born, since their teacher was although the Edwards aquifer is present in the San Antonio area, the Edwards Lime- born, and since Columbus sailed the ocean. stone is not!” As geologists who have worked on various facets of Edwards stratigra- The flip book was a tremendous hit. They phy, structure, hydrogeology, and geomorphology over approximately the past 30 found Gondwana in the book and com- years, we were mystified by this comment, and initially (until receiving clarifying pared it to their reconstruction. I explained communications from Sharp) were unsure as to whether our problems in under- how and when Iceland had formed and standing stemmed from the nuances of stratigraphic nomenclature or from a mis- that they could simply throw it away in statement of geologic fact. order to reconstruct a supercontinent. (As a Sharp and Banner know … that members of the Edwards Group crop out paleoclimate modeler, I routinely get to extensively in the San Antonio area. A drive … around the north side of the city treat landmasses in this manner.) We talked provides views of this rock unit in dramatic road cuts. Likewise, the space shuttle about the problem of Madagascar and how photograph used in Figure 1 of Sharp and Banner’s report shows fault-bounded sea-floor age mapping has helped to con- Edwards clearly visible as a dark tonal band (although the Edwards aquifer is the strain the best answer. sole source of water for San Antonio, the Edwards Limestone [formerly a formation] Until the fifth grade, it was very is not present under that name). The key to understanding this statement is their important to most of the kids to be able use of the capital letter “L.” It is a subtle point, meaningful only to geologists to show me the things they had collected. schooled in such matters…. Although many parents enjoy buying In the face of all the subtleties of stratigraphy and nomenclature, the Edwards beautiful amethyst and pyrite samples is a name that is still highly useful and widely employed. In the dissertation (Rose, for their children, the greatest enthusiasm 1968, p. 21) that preceded the monograph in which the Edwards was raised to I saw was for the nondescript pebble or Group status (Rose, 1972), the following statement addresses this issue of amending fragment of calcite-filled vein dug up in a long-standing, useful name. the backyard. I have also seen more than To quarrymen, water-well drillers, subsurface geologists, foundation engineers, my share of concrete, asphalt, roofing amateur rockhounds, geomorphologists and most surface geologists (who are not material, and glass and iron slag. I have stratigraphic specialists) “Edwards” means and has meant for 70 years the light- become very tactful in saying, “This is not colored, shelly, cherty, porous, resistant limestone and dolomite above the Glen a real rock,” but only because I have had Rose and below Buda, Del Rio, Georgetown, or Kiamichi. Indeed, it has been one to do it so many times. Fortunately, rocks of the few stratigraphic terms that allowed even loose communication between and minerals are the raw materials for workers in far-flung fields of geological endeavor. Any future attempts at revision these human-made wonders, so there is a of stratigraphic nomenclature may as well face the inevitable: like most truly use- story to be told. There is almost always ful terms, the name is here to stay. a story to be told. Sharp and Banner point out the multifaceted sociopolitical context of the geo- To the extent that you are able, logic and hydrogeologic setting of the Edwards. But our experience has been that involve yourself in the lives of a group technical expertise is often overridden in such a politically and emotionally of potential scientists who want and need charged atmosphere. Hence, it is essential that we scientists take great care in mak- a mentor. Call the principal of the local ing academic points about (say) geologic nomenclature. Otherwise, confusion will school and introduce yourself. Make be fomented among experts and the general public alike. yourself available to answer teachers’ and Notwithstanding this cautionary statement, … potential impacts on the students’ questions via phone or e-mail. Edwards aquifer by San Antonio’s unslaked demand for water suggest a modifica- Suggest activities or sources of materials. tion of Sharp and Banner’s statement to read, “It is not generally recognized that, Donate rock, mineral, and fossil speci- although the Edwards limestone is present in the San Antonio area, the Edwards mens. Offer to visit the school and lead a aquifer may not always be!” hands-on activity. Offer to address a large group, when a hands-on activity is not References Cited possible. Ask to be put in contact with any Rose, P. R., 1968, Edwards Formation, surface and subsurface, Central Texas [Ph.D. thesis]: Austin, University scout or youth groups that meet at the of Texas, 301 p. school after hours. Rose, P. R., 1972, Edwards Group, surface and subsurface, Central Texas: University of Texas at Austin Bureau I suppose that, in a sense, I have of Economic Geology, Report of Investigations, no. 74, 198 p. adopted an elementary school. The rewards of our relationship have been, C. M. Woodruff, Jr., Peter R. Rose to me, priceless. I hope that next year I Rose and Woodruff Associates am wanted in the middle school. But if Austin, TX 78701 I am not, there is a group of imaginative, Patrick L. Abbott inquisitive, receptive 5 and 6 year-olds San Diego State University entering kindergarten who may have San Diego, CA 92182 never heard of a geologist or talked to one, but they’ve probably each got a rock they collected somewhere. ■

GSA TODAY, November 1997 15 GSA Grants Support Student Research

June R. Forstrom, Research Grants Administrator

Grants for Graduate Students aspect of geochronology (either Paleonto- from the division secretary, J. Steven Kite, logic or radiometric) to provide new age Department of Geology and Geography, The purpose of the general research control for significant rock units in Alaska. West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6300, grants program is to provide partial The Robert K. Fahnestock Memorial Morgantown, WV 26506-6300. The dead- support of master’s and doctoral thesis Award is made annually to the applicant line for applications is February 15, for research in earth science for graduate stu- with the best application in the field of grants awarded in April. dents at universities in the United States, sediment transport or related aspects of The Geoscience Education, History of Canada, Mexico, and Central America. fluvial geomorphology. Geology, and International Divisions do GSA strongly encourages women, minori- The Lipman Research Award is to not currently award grants for student ties, and persons with disabilities to partic- promote and support graduate research in research. ipate fully in this grants program. Appli- volcanology and petrology. cants need not be members of GSA. The Bruce L. “Biff” Reed Award is for Section Grants for Undergraduate Funding for this program is provided by graduate students pursuing studies in the and Graduate Students a number of sources, including GSA’s tectonic and magmatic evolution of Alaska Penrose and Pardee endowments, the Recipients for graduate research and also can fund other geologic research. National Science Foundation, industry, grants from the South-Central Section The Alexander Sisson Award supports individual GSA members through the are selected from applicants to the GSA research for students pursuing studies in GEOSTAR and Research Grants funds, and general research grants program who are Alaska and the Caribbean. numerous dedicated research funds that recommended by the Committee on Re- The Harold T. Stearns Fellowship have been endowed at the GSA Founda- search Grants to the Management Board Award is awarded annually in support of tion by members and families. of the section for final selection. Eligibility research on one or more aspects of the Applications must be on current GSA is restricted to graduate students attending geology of Pacific islands and of the forms available in geology departments a college or university within the geo- circum-Pacific region. in the United States and Canada, or from graphic area of the section. the Research Grants Administrator, GSA, The South-Central Section also Division Grants P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140 or awards grants to undergraduate students; [email protected]. Evaluations from Nine of the 12 GSA divisions award applications are available from the section two faculty members are required on GSA grants for outstanding student research secretary, Rena M. Bonem, Department appraisal forms. The deadline is February 1 within the respective division’s field of of Geology, Baylor University, P.O. Box each year for grants awarded in April. In interest. The Committee on Research 97354, Waco, TX 76798-7354. The dead- 1997, 478 proposals were received; 188 of Grants will select candidates from the gen- line is October 15, for grants awarded in them were funded. A total of $303,960 eral research grant applicants for awards December. was awarded. by the Engineering Geology, Geophysics The North-Central Section awards (Allan V. Cox Award), Hydrogeology, Sedi- grants to undergraduate students within Specialized Grants mentary Geology, and Structural Geology the geographic boundary of the section. and Tectonics Divisions. For further information contact the sec- Recipients of special named awards The Archaeological Geology Division tion secretary. are selected by the Committee on awards the Claude C. Albritton, Jr. Schol- The Southeastern Section awards Research Grants from applicants to the arships for graduate students in the earth grants for both undergraduate and general research grants program; only sciences and archaeology. Contact Reid graduate student members of GSA who one application is needed to apply, and Ferring, Institute for Applied Sciences, are enrolled in institutions within the it must be postmarked by February 1. It P. O. Box 13078, University of North geographical boundaries of the section. is not necessary for applicants to indicate Texas, Denton, TX 76203. Application forms can be obtained from that they wish to be considered for a spe- The Coal Geology Division awards the section secretary, Harold H. Stowell, cialized grant. The committee considers all the A. L. Medlin Scholarship Award and a Department of Geology, Box 870338, Uni- qualified applicants when selecting recipi- Field Research Award to students who sub- versity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487- ents for special awards. mit the best proposals of research projects 0338. The deadline is February 1 for grants The Gretchen L. Blechschmidt Award in the field of coal geology. Guidelines are awarded in April. supports research by women interested in available from the division secretary. The Northeastern Section offers achieving a Ph.D. in the geological sci- The Planetary Geology Division offers research grants for undergraduate students ences and a career in academic research, two S. E. Dwornik Student Paper Awards who are enrolled at institutions within the especially in the fields of biostratigraphy in the field of planetary geology annually. section and are Student Associates of GSA. and/or paleoceanography, and who have Contact Cassandra R. Coombs, Depart- Contact the section secretary, Kenneth N. an interest in sequence stratigraphy analy- ment of Geology, College of Charleston, 66 Weaver, Maryland Geological Survey, 2300 sis, particularly in conjunction with George Street, Charleston, SC 29424-0001. St. Paul St., Baltimore, MD 21218, for research into deep-sea sedimentology. The Quaternary Geology and Geo- application forms. Applications must be The aim of the John T. Dillon Alaska morphology Division awards the J. Hoover postmarked by February 7 for grants Research Award is to support research that Mackin and Arthur D. Howard Research awarded in April. addresses earth science problems particu- Grants to support graduate student The remaining two sections—Rocky lar to Alaska, especially field-based studies research on Quaternary geology or geo- Mountain and Cordilleran—do not cur- dealing with the structural and tectonic morphology. Applications are available rently offer research grants. ■ development, and those that include some

16 GSA TODAY, November 1997 decades have been the warmest of this WASHINGTON REPORT century—and the ten warmest years in this century have all occurred since Bruce F. Molnia 1980….” The vice president stated that scien- Washington Report provides the GSA membership with a window on the activities tists recognize that there is a “a discern- of the federal agencies, Congress and the legislative process, and international interactions able human influence on global climate.” that could impact the geoscience community. These reports present summaries of agency He continued “If we stay on our present and interagency programs, track legislation, and present insights into Washington, D.C., course, scientists predict that average geopolitics as they pertain to the geosciences. global temperatures will rise by 2 to 6 degrees Fahrenheit in the next century. That may not sound like much. But keep in mind that the difference in temperature Glaciers and Vice President Gore between today and the last Ice Age, when all the glaciers in this park were formed, is Gore Visits Glacier National Park and Proclaims only about 9 degrees Fahrenheit. That’s Global Warming Is a Reality why, if we fail to act, scientists believe the human impact of global warming will be “My purpose today is not to be alarmist—nor is it to say that we need radical changes severe: Infectious diseases could spread, in the way we live and work. But it’s time to face the facts: Global warming is real. affecting families and children in regions We helped to cause it—and by taking reasonable, common-sense steps, we can help that had been too cold for tropical viruses to survive. Farmers and rural communities to reduce it.” could be in jeopardy, since farms depend on a stable climate to be productive. Back in 1988, when we faced both record tem- On September 2, 1997, Vice President sion in the country, began his speech with peratures and droughts, the United States Gore visited Glacier National Park, Mon- some of the strongest pro-environmental lost a third of its grain supply. We could tana, to present his views on the issue of statements that he has made since becom- face greater floods, droughts, and heat global climate change. The Vice President ing vice president. He stated, “To look out waves. Some see the unusually severe also hiked eight miles for a first-hand look on Glacier’s alpine beauty is to want to flooding in the Midwest, the Dakotas, and at a shrinking glacier, Grinnell, which has preserve it and protect it—for our chil- around the country—those “hundred-year receded about 3,100 feet since the 1850s. dren, and for our children’s children. floods” that seem to be happening every The Vice President stated that he wanted That’s a responsibility President Clinton couple of years now—as early evidence of to see evidence of the effects of global cli- and I have taken very seriously—not just this. As we see here at Glacier, the impact mate change on one of our nation’s disap- here in Glacier, but in all of America’s spe- on our natural heritage and special places pearing natural treasures. Oddly, aside cial places. That’s why we prevented oil could be just as strong.” from coverage in Montana newspapers and gas drilling in the Arctic Refuge. Well-informed and well-prepared, immediately following his visit, his com- That’s why we preserved 1.7 million pre- Gore described the consequences of global ments and trip have received little atten- cious acres in Utah by creating the Grand warming: “Our seas could rise by one to tion. Written transcriptions of his presen- Staircase–Escalante National Monument. three feet, flooding thousands of miles of tation are not even available from the That’s why we protected 1.4 million acres Florida, Louisiana, and other coastal areas. White House Press Office. of the unique California desert. That’s why A sea level rise of just one foot could place As previously described (August 1997 we’re restoring the Florida Everglades. a third of the Florida Everglades com- Washington Report), climate change is an That’s why we’re protecting Yellowstone pletely underwater; it would also threaten issue of serious concern to President Clin- National Park from the dangers of mining our coral reefs, and endanger the countless ton and Vice President Gore. In October, on its borders. That’s why we’re putting varieties of fish that live in them. With the president hosted a White House Con- record resources into our parks and rivers warmer temperatures, we could lose ference on the subject to make the case to and wilderness preserves. To President important parts of our forests. Some have the American people that important steps Clinton and me, preserving America’s spe- predicted that the Northeast could lose all are needed to address this problem and to cial places isn’t just good public policy— of its sugar maples; and in New Hamp- gain insights from business leaders, envi- it’s a moral obligation.” shire’s White Mountains, the fall foliage ronmentalists, economists, scientists, and Specifically referring to the park’s would lose its vibrant colors.” others about how best to move forward. glaciers, Gore said, “The 50 glaciers in this The vice president offered the follow- President Clinton is also committed to park— which date back to the last Ice Age, ing insights into what a Clinton adminis- developing a comprehensive policy, 10,000 years ago—are melting away at an tration response should be: “What we including legally binding targets and alarming rate. Over the last century, we need is an approach that is prudent and timetables for emissions reductions, in have lost nearly three-quarters of all the balanced. On one hand, we must recog- time for a major international climate- glaciers in this park…. If this trend contin- nize that energy consumption has led to change negotiation scheduled for this ues, in about thirty years, there won’t be enormous increases in our standard of liv- December in Kyoto, Japan. The president any glaciers left at all…. What’s happening ing throughout this century , and we want has emphasized the importance of flexi- at Glacier National Park is part of a global to continue those increases. On the other ble, market-based mechanisms for achiev- pattern. Glaciers are retreating worldwide. hand, we see all around us today glaciers ing reductions and has insisted that any This is strong evidence of global warming that have survived for 10,000 years, now agreement be truly global in scope, includ- over the past century—the disruption of facing the prospect of melting away in a ing substantial commitments from devel- our climate because of greenhouse gas single century. We’ve seen people struck oping countries. emissions into the atmosphere, all over by severe heat waves—more than 40 lives As part of a whirlwind one-day round the world. The overwhelming evidence lost in Chicago just two years ago—and trip, Vice President Gore, speaking at the shows that global warming is no longer a many others who have lost homes, jobs, Many Glacier Hotel, with a backdrop of theory—it’s a reality. Greenhouse gases some of the most spectacular glacial ero- keep rising at record rates. The last few Washington Report continued on p. 18

GSA TODAY, November 1997 17 Washington Report continued from p. 17 GSA Honors 50-Year Fellows even their lives to increasingly heavy Sam L. Agron Edwin L. Hamilton Howard J. Pincus storms. We need to understand our role in Paul-Emile Auger Warren B. Hamilton John J. Prucha climate change—and we need to act to Ewart M. Baldwin Clyde T. Hardy Edward L. Reed address it.” Thomas F. Bates Milton T. Heald Eugene C. Robertson Gore stated that the United States Robert W. Blair L. F. Hintze Forbes Robertson alone cannot stop global warming. Burton H. Boyum Douglas L. Inman Reuben J. Ross, Jr. “Because winds circle the earth within a Donald M. Brown Ernest J. W. Irish Amos Salvador few weeks, greenhouse gases don’t respect Frank M. Byers, Jr. Mead Leroy Jensen Julius Schlocker national borders. Any real solution to John J. Chapman Cecil H. Kindle Stuart L. Schoff global warming must be an international Robert A. Christman Ellis L. Krinitzsky David M. Scotford solution—including developing nations as Alfred Clebsch Robert C. Lafferty John S. Shelton well as industrialized ones.” Aureal T. Cross Ralph L. Langenheim, Jr. Marie Siegrist Gore described the future plans of the John C. Crowell Harry E. LeGrand Russell R. Simonson Clinton Administration as follows: “This December, when the nations of the world Robert V. Cushman S. Benedict Levin Norman C. Smith meet in Kyoto, Japan, on this issue, the Wallace De Witt, Jr. John L. Loftis, Jr. Charles H. Summerson United States will work to achieve realistic, Wakefield Dort, Jr. V. Standish Mallory Irvin L. Tailleur binding limits on the emissions of green- Paul H. Dudley Samuel T. Martner Frank W. Trainer house gases. We will emphasize William C. Ellis William H. Mathews Athel G. Unklesbay approaches that are flexible and market- Weldon D. Frankforter Thad G. McLaughlin Joseph E. Upson II based, to give industry the opportunity to Charles V. Fulmer Richard C. Mielenz Charles J. Vitaliano develop the most cost-effective solutions. Jacob E. Gair Bruce C. Netschert Howard H. Waldron We will continue our efforts in research Robert L. Gamer Robert B. Neuman Robert F. Walters and development. We will work with Julian R. Goldsmith Reuben C. Newcomb Edgar L. Weinberg industry, with environmental groups, with I. G. Grossman Elizabeth F. Overstreet Joseph L. Weitz all who share a stake in this problem here George C. Grow, Jr. Allison R. Palmer Dean C. Wellman at home. And we will ask all nations, George Gryc Georges Pardo Sidney E. White developed and developing, to join with us Raymond C. Gutschick E. Bruce Parmelee John R. Williams to meet this challenge.” Gore concluded “We don’t have all Frederick R. Haeberle William W. Patton, Jr. Herbert E. Wright, Jr. the answers today. But we know we must William W. Hambleton Louis Pavlides reverse the trend of global warming. We must safeguard our precious natural resources, and put a premium on public health and safety. Thirty years from now, I want my grandchildren to live in a world GSA Offers Awards in Geomorphology and that is safer from disease, freer from Micropaleontology droughts and floods, able to grow the food they need for their children and families. Through the generosity of W. Storrs Cole, two awards for support of research are But just as importantly, I want them to offered through GSA. The Gladys W. Cole Memorial Research Award provides support understand that God created only one for the investigation of the geomorphology of semiarid and arid terrains in the United earth—and that its parks and forests and States and Mexico. It is to be given to a GSA Member or Fellow between 30 and 65 years wilderness preserves can never be repli- of age who has published one or more significant papers on geomorphology. Funds cated. Our responsibility to this land is cannot be used for work already accomplished, but recipients of a previous award may one of the most profound and sacred reapply if additional support is needed to complete their work. The amount of this award responsibilities we have. It is really a responsibility to each other—and to future in 1998 will be $11,000. generations. Ultimately, that’s why we The second award, the W. Storrs Cole Memorial Research Award, has been estab- came here today, to the very crown of this lished to support research in invertebrate micropaleontology. This award will carry a continent. We’ve got to start facing up to stipend of $9,000 in 1998, and will be given to a GSA Member or Fellow between 30 that responsibility—not just for the sake of and 65 years of age who has published one or more significant papers on micropaleon- these glaciers that are melting before our tology. very eyes, but for the sake of our children. Additional information and application forms may be obtained from the Research Here in the shadow of these glorious Grants Administrator, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. mountains, let us resolve to make that All applications must be postmarked on or before February 1, 1998. Actions taken start—let us protect this land for its right- by the Committee on Research Grants will be reported to each applicant in April. ful inheritors—and let us fulfill our obliga- tion to the millions of families who have These are two of GSA’s most prestigious awards; all qualified researchers are urged yet to enjoy it.” to apply. Not everyone agrees with the vice president’s evaluation. A press release from the Science & Environmental Policy Pro- ject in Fairfax, Virginia, proclaims “Gore’s represents a considerable concession on etc., activists have reduced the debate to a Defense of Glacier Tourism Trivializes the part of climate activists…. Unable to defense of Montana tourism….” Global Warming Debate.” It continues sustain claims of melting ice caps, sea lev- Obviously, this issue is far from being “Gore’s contention that Montana glaciers els halfway up the Washington Monu- settled. Future Washington Reports will are shrinking because of global warming ... ment, drought , hurricanes, pestilence, follow the debate closely. ■

18 GSA TODAY, November 1997 Invitation to Propose Keynote Symposia and Theme Sessions ASSEMBLY OF A CONTINENT Theme of 1998 GSA Annual Meeting, Toronto Deadline For Proposals: January 2, 1998 All Proposals To Be Submitted on the 1998 Electronic Form

TORONTO1998 Annual Meeting October 26–29

Denis M. Shaw, Chair, and Andrew Miall, Co-Chair area of public policy, address broad fundamental problems, be interdisciplinary, or focus on global problems. Divisions, Associ- The tract of land that the world calls North America is under ated Societies, SAGE, IEE, and GSA members may submit propos- the jurisdiction of three governments—Canada, Mexico, and the als. Flexible, creative programming is encouraged. Specific guide- United States. lines are available on request from the GSA Meetings Department: National boundaries are set by political actions and generally [email protected]. Selection will be on a competitive basis, have little relation to natural features. Geological boundaries, by after review by a panel of Joint Technical Program Committee rep- contrast, know nothing of politics; the structural units and geologi- resentatives; the GSA Annual Program Committee will make the cal history of North America are common to all three national final decisions. Web submission is encouraged. leaseholders. A SYMPOSIUM is a group of formal presentations embodying The Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America for a central topic, designed to promote the exchange of timely or 1998 is moving outside the United States, to Toronto, Canada, and state-of-the-art information. Symposia refer to sessions with the theme for that meeting—Assembly of a Continent—has a dual ENTIRELY INVITED PAPERS. The symposia formats, either oral or interpretation. It expresses, first, the commonality of the lands we poster (but not mixed), are produced largely at the discretion of occupy and, second, our hope and expectation that earth scientists designated conveners who are responsible for inviting and schedul- will assemble from all areas of the continent, as well as from ing speakers. With the exception of the keynote symposia, only around the world. GSA divisions, specified GSA associated societies, and the local We shall construct a scientific program built around that annual meeting committee may sponsor symposia—with occa- theme, and we urge the sponsors of symposia and theme sessions sional exceptions. Each society or division selects and approves to make use of it. That will, of course, be easiest for regional, struc- the conveners of its symposium. There are no restrictions on the tural, tectonic, or stratigraphically related topics. But the metaphor lengths of talks or discussion periods, other than those imposed of a common continental crust and evolutionary history for all the by the half-day limitation. Using 15-minute intervals, this means a human population from the Arctic to the Tropic of Cancer and from maximum of 16 papers in oral mode; however, symposia talks are 55° to 165° W can be used as a frame for more diverse subjects in more frequently 20 minutes long. anthropology, hydrology, education, geochemistry, Quaternary, THEME SESSIONS are a set of topically focused, volunteered environmental studies, petrology, and mineralogy. abstracts. Theme sessions are a way of arranging volunteered Our goals are similar to those expressed for the 1997 meeting abstracts into interdisciplinary groupings that make for scientific in Salt Lake City—to encourage the attendance and participation of sense. Themes do not require formal sponsorship by an organiza- geoscientists from all disciplines and all countries, and to build the tion. The stronger theme sessions, however, do benefit from active technical program around their interests, regardless of where they support (hard work) by those interested in the success of the live and work. session. At the time of this writing, 13 field trips have been proposed, Theme sessions, which can be either oral or poster, but not comprising four in hydrogeology, four in the Grenville, and five in mixed, have variable lengths depending on the submitted number stratigraphy, archaeology, and history of the Great Lakes Region. of pertinent and high-quality abstracts. However, a minimum of 16 Trips and the meeting will take place under weather that will be abstracts is usual for an oral theme session. A minimum of 16 is substantially the same from New England across the Midwest. also usual for a poster theme session. If, at the abstracts deadline, sufficient abstracts have not been received, the theme session will NEW for ‘98: A KEYNOTE SYMPOSIUM with all-invited speakers will be offered each day (total of four). These sessions will be selected competitively, the primary criterion being excellence. Each topic should be on the leading edge in a scientific category or Theme Proposals continued on p. 20

GSA TODAY, November 1997 19 Theme Proposals continued from p. 19 be dropped, and the papers continued in the review process for TORONTO standard discipline sessions. TORONTO Please note: An abstract submitted to a theme session is con- 1998 Annual Meeting sidered volunteered, not invited. Since a person may be speaker on October 26–29 only ONE volunteered abstract, please remind your colleagues that if an author submits more than one volunteered abstract with the same person as speaker, all abstracts listing that speaker may be has the same limitations as the oral mode: Usually a minimum of rejected. This limitation does not apply for those who are invited 16 papers will be necessary to make the theme session viable. speakers for symposia. Process for Proposing a Keynote Symposium or Date and Time Preferences Theme Session: Proposals Due January 2, 1998 Although exact times have not been finalized for the 1998 Proposals for keynote symposia and theme sessions MUST be meeting, we might anticipate them to be similar to past meetings: made using a 1998 submittal form. Sunday through Thursday, 8:00 a.m.–12 noon and/or 1:30–5:30 p.m. We much prefer you use the electronic submittal form that Volunteered presentations take place only during the official will be on the Web by November 1 (www.geosociety.org). Paper meeting days, Monday through Thursday. Theme sessions, there- copies are also available from GSA Headquarters by contacting: fore, will not be scheduled on Sunday. Likewise, poster sessions (303) 447-2020 x133 or e-mail: [email protected]. All pro- do not occur on Sunday. posals must be at GSA by January 2, 1998; this is a hard deadline. The JTPC will arrange the technical program keeping in mind 1. Designate a convener (symposium) or advocate (theme suggestions from societies, divisions, conveners, and advocates. session). A convener may invite speakers. On the other hand, While trying to accommodate the needs of many diverse groups, the advocate may encourage (not invite) abstracts that will fit the the technical program chair makes the final scheduling decisions. theme session’s concept. Society or division membership may help Quality of the technical program as a whole takes precedence over the advocate in this process. No doubt, when the theme session all other considerations. title is announced, other papers will be voluntarily submitted in addition to those that were solicited or intended. The theme ses- Abstracts Schedule sion advocate will serve as liaison with the Joint Technical Program March 1 Paper copy 1998 abstract forms will be available Committee (JTPC) organizer assigned to that theme session. For from Nancy Carlson at GSA (303) 447-8850 x161; oral presentations the conveners and advocates usually become the e-mail: [email protected]. Conveners and session chairs. Symposia and theme sessions conveners and advo- advocates will automatically be mailed a set of cates will be identified in the call for papers (April), the final meet- forms in March. ing announcement (June), and usually then again as session chairs. May 1 Electronic abstract form will be on GSA home page 2. For theme sessions, after choosing a title, select no more for active submission. http://www.geosociety.org. than three of the categories that best describe the interdisciplinary (Over 62% of abstracts were successfully submitted aspects of the proposal, from the list included on the form. Pick electronically in 1997). carefully, because authors who submit abstracts will need to select July 13 Abstracts Deadline. Paper copy original and 5 both a session and a category. It is an advocate’s responsibility to copies due at GSA. Electronic copies accepted until tell colleagues about the submission categories. 12 midnight. 3. Fill in and send the proposal form, including a brief September 1 Accepted abstracts that are submitted electronically (50 word) description of the subject. This will be used for publica- will appear on the Web after September 1. All tion in the call for papers in GSA Today and other GSA mailings. speakers and titles appear on the Web with links to Descriptions over 50 words long will be edited. those abstracts submitted electronically. 4. Advise authors to submit abstracts directly to GSA to be received by July 13. Technical Program Chair Additional Information Denis Shaw Dept. of Geology Copies of abstracts will be sent to conveners and advocates McMaster University by July 21. All volunteered abstracts (including those for theme Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada sessions) will also go to scientific reviewers designated by JTPC Office: (905) 525-9140 x24194 members. The theme advocate will then rank the abstracts and Dept.: (905) 525-9140 x24662 arrange them into a tentative order of presentation, to aid the JTPC Home: (905) 526-5184 in scheduling. If there are too many abstracts for a theme session, Fax: 905-522-3141 some will have to be moved. If there are a large number of [email protected] abstracts, however, additional sessions will be allotted to that theme. An advocate has the opportunity at several points to make Technical Program Co-Chair the priorities and rationale clear to the JTPC organizer. Andrew Miall Conveners will send in a list of their speakers also. Dept. of Geology Short (15-minute) introduction or review periods may be University of Toronto added by a convener or advocate at the time of session submittal Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada and are subject to approval by the technical program chairs. Such Office: (416) 978-8841 addition automatically reduces by one the number of abstracts that Dept.: (416) 978-3022 may be presented. Home: (416) 236-9264 The standard mode of presentation is a half-day oral session Fax: 416-978-3938 scheduled Monday through Thursday. Usually 16 papers are pre- [email protected] ■ sented, with slides or displays as visual support. Poster mode pro- posals will be considered for half-day sessions. The poster mode

20 GSA TODAY, November 1997 BOOK REVIEWS

The Geology of Earthquakes. of the source, seismic waves, tectonic 14-1, lists 62 examples). One drawback, By Robert S. Yeats, Kerry Sieh, and Clarence geodesy, Quaternary dating techniques however, is that only surface rupture R. Allen. Oxford University Press, New York, and tectonic geomorphology. For the most lengths and maximum surface offsets are 1996, 568 p., $65 (hardbound). part these are comprehensive and well included. No attempt is made to estimate written. The treatment of seismic waves, the more difficult but more useful average illennium fervor is upon us, so in magnitudes, and seismic moment, how- displacement and subsurface fault dimen- that spirit I’ll begin with the ques- M ever, is cursory, well below the level of sions. What is remarkable is that of the tion: If only one source could be selected the other chapters. Also introductory but approximately 5 million earthquakes to best represent the state of knowledge placed at the end to wrap things up is a (M ≥ 5) that have occurred in historical of earthquakes at the end of the 20th w fine philosophical overview of seismic time (anno Domini), this, the most com- century, would it be The Geology of Earth- hazard assessment written by Clarence plete table of surface ruptures, is a mere quakes? The question is not frivolous: Allen. few hundred, roughly 0.01%. Even if only the book is that good. In fact the authors The four chapters on faulting are the 1% of the actual number is described, it is invoke Charles Richter’s 1958 classic Ele- heart of the book; unlike the introductory evident that coseismic fault rupture that mentary Seismology as the model for what material, which is available in many other reaches the surface is a very special occur- they wish to accomplish: a thorough, up- places, they form a contribution of lasting rence indeed. to-date treatment, accessible to a wide- significance and importance. It’s not that To return to the initial question: If ranging, nonspecialist audience. How well the material is new (for example, only Richter gave us the best pre–plate tectonics they succeed I’ll defer to the end, but the about 14% of the 440 figures are original), view of the understanding of earthquakes, goal is audacious and would be intimidat- but I know of no other source where one is The Geology of Earthquakes its end-of- ing to a less stellar lineup of scientists. can find an analysis of active faulting the-century heir apparent? No. Whereas Earthquake science, however, has matured worldwide in the depth and detail found Richter uniquely blended the mid-century and expanded to the point that it has here. Robert Yeats (normal and reverse information content of seismic waves and become embarrassingly clear that some- faults and subduction zone megathrusts) geology, this book, by intention, addresses one must take on this challenge, and I and Kerry Sieh (strike-slip faults) provide only the latter. It does so superbly—better congratulate these authors for doing so. masterful overviews of the major faulting than any other single source. But so much Richter’s Elementary Seismology— regimes of Earth, full of the insight and fundamental information on the primary idiosyncratic, somehow simultaneously perspective gained from their lifetimes as subsurface faulting process is available, if selective and comprehensive, entertaining students of Earth’s curious tendency to only indirectly, from analysis of the seis- and frustrating—has served seismology release a small proportion of its internal mic wavefield, the resulting picture is (and geology) well for nearly 40 years. One heat energy in brittle, stick-slip fashion. necessarily incomplete. Who can provide could argue that the study of earthquakes One apprehension, given the back- the complete picture? The report of the as a science in its own right was estab- grounds of all three authors, is that this National Academy of Sciences Committee lished by this book. Yet it is astonishing book would have a strong California bias. on the Science of Earthquakes, due in what is not to be found there. It was It appears that Yeats et al. were aware of 1998, has this as its goal, but no book pre–plate tectonics (although its Geography this possibility and strove to avoid it. How written by committee has ever amounted of Earthquakes section clearly identifies successful they were depends on your own to much. No, I believe it will take a most now-known plate boundaries and biases or lack thereof. I estimate California Richteresque individual, distilling a life- interiors); it also was pre–digital computer, text and figures occupy between one- time spent puzzling the riddles of earth- pre-WWSSN, pre–stereographic focal fourth and one-third of the book. And quakes, to provide us with our elusive mechanism, pre–seismic moment and let’s face it: much of the best knowledge millennium benchmark. moment tensor, and pre–paleoseismology. of how faults work and earthquakes occur Therefore, it predated nearly all the con- Arch C. Johnston comes from California studies. The level cepts and tools used by modern earth- University of Memphis of editing is good but not infallible. The quake scientists. Richter synthesizes seis- Memphis, TN 38152 huge reference list has omissions and mology’s early era, but the modern era errors, and numerous minor glitches turn has nothing comparable. up, mostly in the introductory chapters Earthquakes are les tremblements Ocean Circulation Theory. By Joseph (such as the Mid-Atlantic and Australian- de terre to the French, and indeed the Pedlosky. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996, Antarctic ridges located midway between English dictionary definition is “a shaking 453 p., $89.95. active continental margins [p. 11] or 1 or trembling of the earth” (Webster’s). Newton being the force that accelerates a edlosky is also the author of a previous Not here. True to its title, scant attention mass of 1 g at 1 m/s2 [p. 71]). Production book, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, from is paid to the seismic waves radiated by P quality is very good; photographs are crisp which a whole generation of graduate stu- abrupt fault rupture. Rather, the authors and clear, and many reproduced figures dents in ocean and atmosphere sciences view an earthquake as a “quantum in [the have been redrawn for clarity. Cost consid- has benefited. As that book deals with long-term geological process of] building erations evidently ruled out use of color, the wider subject of fundamental fluid a mountain or pulling apart a valley.” which is unfortunate; I would have pre- mechanics and its application to geophysi- This perspective pervades the book; it is ferred a work that overall is first class to cal fluids, only one chapter is devoted to very much a book about faults and fault- go first class. ocean circulation theories. The discussion ing. Detailed case histories are included The appendix Table of Historic[al] is further limited to homogeneous models, for nine surface-faulting earthquakes, Earthquakes with Surface Rupture is alone reflecting the state of the knowledge at and seven excellent historical vignettes worth the price of the book. It has 321 that time. Since then, major advance- describe how early pioneers, ranging from entries, with the basic faulting data sum- ments in stratified models have funda- Zechariah (ca. 520 B.C.E.) to Charles Dar- marized and the primary reference(s) mentally altered our understanding of the win (1809–1882), forged the link between given. It is more comprehensive than the ocean circulation. Although the field is faults and earthquakes. The introductory 1994 Wells and Coppersmith database’s chapters provide succinct overviews of 244 entries (for comparison, Richter, Table plate tectonics, rock deformation, geology Book Reviews continued on p. 23

GSA TODAY, November 1997 21 THE GEOLOGYofNORTH AMERICA

VOL. A: GEOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICA — AN OVERVIEW VOL. K2: QUATERNARY NONGLACIAL GEOLOGY: edited by A. W. Bally and A. R. Palmer, 1988 CONTERMINOUS U.S. GNA-A, 629 p., 2 microfiche cards in pocket, 12 plates in edited by R. B. Morrison, 1991 slipcase, indexed, $70.00✘ NOW $35.00 GNA-K2, 670 p., 8 plates in slipcase, indexed, $85.00✘ NOW $42.50 VOL. C2: PRECAMBRIAN: CONTERMINOUS U.S. edited by J. C. Reed, Jr., and others, 1993 VOL. L: THE ARCTIC OCEAN REGION GNA-C2, 666 p., 7 plates in slipcase, indexed, edited by A. Grantz, L. Johnson, and J. F. Sweeney, 1990 $98.50✘ NOW $49.25 GNA-L, 654 p., 3 microfiche cards in pocket, 11 plates in slipcase, indexed, $85.00✘ NOW $42.50 VOL. D2: SEDIMENTARY COVER — NORTH AMERICAN CRATON: U.S. VOL. M: THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC REGION edited by L. L. Sloss, 1988 edited by P. R. Vogt and B. E. Tucholke, 1986 GNA-D2, 520 p., 8 plates in slipcase, indexed, GNA-M, 720 p., 11 plates in slipcase, indexed, $49.50✘ NOW 24.75 $47.50✘ NOW $23.75 VOL. F2: THE APPALACHIAN- VOL. N: THE EASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN AND HAWAII OUACHITA OROGEN IN THE edited by E. L. Winterer, D. M. Hussong, and R. W. Decker, 1989 UNITED STATES PRICES GNA-N, 577 p., 12 plates in slipcase, edited by R. D. Hatcher, Jr., W. A. slashed indexed, $54.50✘ NOW $27.75 Thomas, and G. W. Viele, 1989 VOL. O2: HYDROGEOLOGY GNA-F2, 781 p., 12 plates in slipcase, edited by W. Back, P. R. Seaber, and indexed, $75.00✘ NOW $37.50 J. S. Rosenshein, 1988 VOL. G1: THE GEOLOGY OF ALASKA GNA-O2, 534 p., 3 pocket plates, edited by George Plafker and H. C. Berg, 1994 indexed, $55.00✘ NOW $27.50 GNA-G1, 1056 p., indexed, 1 microfiche, 13 plates in slipcase, VOL P2: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, U.S. indexed, $135.00✘ NOW $67.50 edited by R. B. Taylor, D. D. Rice, and H. J. Gluskoter, 1991 VOL. G3: THE CORDILLERAN OROGEN: CONTERMINOUS U.S. GNA-P2, 630 p., 9 plates in slipcase, indexed, edited by B. C. Burchfiel, P. W. Lipman, M. L. Zoback, 1992 $80.00✘ NOW $40.00 GNA-G3, 734 p., indexed, 4 microfiche cards in pocket, VOL P3: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY: MEXICO 10 plates in slipcase, indexed, $105.00✘ NOW $52.50 edited by G. P. Salas; translated into English by C. Petzall, 1991 VOL. H: THE CARIBBEAN REGION GNA-P3, 448 p., indexed, $62.50✘ NOW $35.00 edited by G. Dengo and J. E. Case, 1991 GNA-H, 538 p., indexed, 1 microfiche card in pocket, 14 plates in slipcase, $80.00✘ NOW $40.00 MEMBERS: DEDUCT YOUR 20% MEMBER DISCOUNT VOL. I2: THE ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL MARGIN: U.S. edited by R. E. Sheridan and J. A. Grow, 1988 GNA-I2, 620 p., 16 plates on 8 sheets in slipcase, indexed, ✘ GSA Publication Sales $49.50 NOW $24.75 P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 • (303) 447-2020 VOL. J: THE GULF OF MEXICO BASIN edited by A. Salvador, 1992 1-800-472-1988 GNA-J, 578 p., 6 plates in slipcase, indexed, fax 303-447-1133 [email protected] $77.50✘ NOW $38.75 www.geosociety.org Book Reviews continued from p. 21 PUBLICATIONS NEWS FROM the GSA still rapidly evolving, a certain degree of maturity has been attained that calls for a synthesis of existing theories, to take stock of what we know and don’t yet know, and Bookstore possibly reveal venues for future research. Watch this column for news about gsa publications This need is particularly acute for graduate students and researchers just entering the THE NATURE OF MAGMATISM IN THE emplacement of the Eva forest bed. During the past 100,000 field who would like to get an overview of APPALACHIAN OROGEN years, the treeless steppe environment returned and the the subject. The publication of this book edited by A. K. Sinha, J. B. Whalen, and J. P. Hogan, 1997 deposits were refrozen. is thus quite timely, and fulfills this need The thermal evolution of mountain belts is commonly recorded SPE319, 54 p., ISBN 0-8137-2319-1, $36.00, Member price $28.80 in the distribution, origin, and ages of magmatism. In this admirably. volume, 20 contributors present the latest petrological, isotopic, PLIOCENE CARBONATES AND RELATED FACIES FLANKING The book begins with a short discus- and geochemical evidence to highlight the contribution of THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO edited by M. E. Johnson and J. Ledesma-Vázquez, 1997 sion of Sverdrup balance, which was pro- igneous rocks to the evolution of the Appalachian orogen in posed more than half a century ago and both Canada and the United States. These papers emphasize the This volume takes up facies relations, paleogeography, and use of modern geochemical and petrologic data to discriminate tectonics. The topics embraced by this well-integrated collection remains the foundation of most ocean cir- fall under three themes. One concerns the origin of carbonate culation theories. Pedlosky then proceeds the sources yielding magmas, and thus the nature of the crust and mantle. The wealth of data available in this work provides a sediments, giving new emphasis to coralline red algae as to discuss theories of a homogeneous significant stepping-stone to more rigorous interpretation of the rhodoliths. Another deals with rocky shorelines as an ideal ocean, a stratified ocean, the equatorial assembly and origin of the Appalachian orogen. boundary marker for the mapping of facies and the determi- undercurrent, and abyssal circulation. MWR191, 438 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-1191-6, $135.00, nation of relative sea-level changes. The third theme involves Member price $108.00 insights on Pliocene stratigraphy through Holocene patterns Pedlosky has made major contributions to of sedimentation and neotectonics. all these areas, as clearly manifested in his THE SURFACE RUPTURE OF THE 1957 GOBI-ALTAY, SPE318, 180 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2318-3, $57.00, in-depth discussion of the subjects. While MONGOLIA, EARTHQUAKE Member price $45.60 by R. A. Kurushin and others, 1997 this familiarity may have influenced topic AN 800,000-YEAR PALEOCLIMATIC RECORD FROM selection, the progression is quite logical The 1957 Gobi-Altay earthquake is the last major earthquake (M ~ 8) to occur in a continental region. The full complement CORE OL-92, OWENS LAKE, SOUTHEAST CALIFORNIA edited by G. I. Smith and J. L. Bischoff, 1997 and covers most aspects of general ocean of processes that distinguishes continental tectonics from plate circulation. tectonics—internal deformation of blocks, conjugate faulting, A need for more lacustrine records that document late In the discussion of Sverdrup balance, variations in amounts of slip along faults, block rotations about Quaternary climates in the now-arid western North America led to a U.S. Geological Survey–funded core-drilling project on I found the cautionary note regarding the vertical axes, basement folding, and even the formation of new faults (through fault-bend folding at the earth's surface) Owens Lake, southeast California. The resulting 323-m-long scant observational evidence of the bal- core records lake fluctuations since 800 ka. This volume ance particularly welcome. Eddy-resolving occurred in 1957—and they remain clearly exposed in the arid environment of the Gobi-Altay. Because of the variety of styles describes how they are revealed by variations in the CO3 and numerical calculations carried out recently and the extent of deformation, the subparallel surface ruptures, organic-C percentages, pore-water isotopic content, composi- to address the question are not mentioned, ~25 km apart, provide a microcosm of intracontinental tion of clay-sized materials, magnetic susceptibility, and fossils (diatoms, ostracodes, mollusks, fish, and pollen). Sediment ages perhaps for the reason that it is more diffi- mountain building at a large scale. 14 SPE320, 160 p., ISBN 0-8137-2320-5, $69.00, Member price $55.20 are based on C data, measured mass-accumulation rates, and cult to interpret numerical results. The paleomagnetic variations. The recorded wet and dry climatic chapter on homogeneous models contains EVA INTERGLACIATION FOREST BED, UNGLACIATED cycles are about 100 ka long. Although their distribution in some standard materials, but also exten- EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA: GLOBAL WARMING time is similar to those of deep-sea and other records that sive discussion on dynamical consistency 125,000 YEARS AGO largely reflect paleotemperatures, the maxima and minima of of the Sverdrup balance. Considerable edited by T. L. Péwé and others, 1997 the wet and dry cycles differ in age from correlative inflections The ancient, boreal Eva forest, buried in frozen loess of the in paleotemperature records by an average of 15 ka. coverage is devoted to the study of Ierley subarctic, forms the centerpiece in this evaluation of the time SPE317, 172 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2317-5, $60.00; and Ruehr, which is undoubtedly the most and nature of the environment during an interglaciation Member price $48.00 comprehensive to date. While the original warmer than that of the present. This book brings together work of Il’in and Kamenkovich is ac- results of examination of hundreds of loess exposures over the SHOP GSA’S BOOKSTORE ON THE WEB! knowledged, it should also be noted that past 50 years, when loess faces were still frozen in gold-mining excavations, and new data on the character and age of the www.geosociety.org essential physics leading to the singular deposits from fission-track dating of tephra, paleomagnetism perturbation of the Sverdrup interior is of the loess, thermoluminescence dating of loess, and new 1-800-472-1988 not much different from that of the classi- radiocarbon dating by liquid scintillation. Dendrochronology GSA PUBLICATION SALES studies of trees and 13C/12C isotopic ratios of wood from the cal problem of boundary-layer separation. P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 Eva forest bed are compared to those from trees of the modern This physics is well explained, for exam- (303) 447-2020 or fax 303-447-1133 ple, in Batchelor’s Introduction to Fluid boreal forest. This last interglaciation of 125,000 years ago is Prepayment required. Major credit cards accepted. demonstrated for the first time to be a period of major erosion Dynamics. Much of the singular behavior of loess and deep and rapid thawing of permafrost, followed by discussed in the chapter of course stems from the assumed laminar dynamics. As Pedlosky puts it nicely, “It is really we and not the fluid that experience the difficulty.” contour maps presented are valid only As is characteristic of Pedlosky’s In the chapters on stratified models, outside strong currents, they can be sup- approach, the derivations in the book are Pedlosky first considers the case when plemented by observations across bound- generally rigorous and precise. One minor density surfaces are displaced only slightly ary currents (Gulf Stream, for example). concern is that detailed analyses of some from being level, and then when they Taken together, these observations suggest subtler features may elude readers as to intersect the surface. This is followed by a homogenization of potential vorticity their physical significance and relevance a brief discussion of nonadiabatic effects. more general than implied by the condi- to the ocean. Examples include an ocean Important dynamical concepts such as tions of its original derivation. To account of more than two layers and a submarine geostrophic contour, potential vorticity for this, Pedlosky mentions the possible ridge with multiple openings. Whereas mixing, shadow zone, and beta spiral importance of eddy mixing, which may their inclusion provides a more complete are introduced. Pedlosky should be com- not be parameterized in terms of a con- account, one should guard against reading mended for inclusion of numerical calcu- stant eddy diffusivity. This is a subject of too much into idealized models, the use- lations and observational data in support great importance which has not yet been of dynamical deductions. With regard to fully integrated into existing theories. mixing of potential vorticity, since the Book Reviews continued on p. 24

GSA TODAY, November 1997 23 Book Reviews continued from p. 23 fluid mechanics, this book includes treat- modulus of isothermal compressibility ments of dimensional analysis (e.g., the (instead of adiabatic compressibility), and fulness of which lies in their simplicity Buckingham Pi theorem), fluid statics, the variation of density with pressure for a and robustness. I also feel that additional kinematics (how motion is mathemati- constant compressibility is used to show physical explanations on a more intuitive cally described), the basic conservation that material gets less compressible the level would have helped readers in more laws of mass and energy, and then invis- more dense it becomes (somewhat self- difficult passages. cid, viscous, and finally turbulent flows. contradictory, given the assumption of Overall, the book is quite extensive However, the book also provides two fea- constant compressibility). Perhaps the in its coverage of large-scale ocean circula- tures that are unique for a fluid mechanics most egregious error is that of highlight- tion, although I would have preferred a text. First, in addition to the aforemen- ing the importance of the incompressible, more prominent role ascribed to eddies. tioned types of flow, it gives a thorough constant-viscosity, viscous flow (Navier- The book is well organized and written treatment of fundamental porous media Stokes) equations by summarizing them in with care. It should serve as a valuable ref- flow; this is vitally important for the many their own brief subsection. Following the erence source for all researchers interested geoscience students whose best prospects flow equation, the book lists density as a in general ocean circulation. Because the for postgraduate employment are cur- general (not necessarily slowly varying) material is derived from a graduate course rently in hydrology and environmental function of temperature and pressure (in that Pedlosky has taught, the book is science. Second, the book builds on an violation of the incompressibility assump- also suitable as a textbook, but only introduction to the fundamental micro- tion), and viscosity as temperature-depen- for advanced students who have some scopic and statistical physics of fluids, dent (in violation of the isoviscous familiarity with fluid dynamics. porous media, and fluid properties (e.g., approximation). what does viscosity mean in terms of the The shortcomings listed above (and Hsien-Wang Ou molecular exchange of momentum); this others not worth mentioning) are perhaps Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory is (to my knowledge) a rarity among gen- relatively minor infractions that possibly of Columbia University eral fluids texts and is in fact extremely only a fluid dynamicist could get excited Palisades, NY 10964 refreshing and enlightening. It is for this about. Nonetheless, they entail fundamen- reason that the book is titled rightly Fluid tal physical concepts of which the instruc- Physics … instead of Fluid Dynamics.… tor and student (and author) should be Fluid Physics in Geology. By David Jon Fluid Physics in Geology is very clearly aware. Even so, this book is a highly wel- Furbish. Oxford University Press, New York, and well written (though perhaps not con- come first attempt at rigorously defining 1997, 476 p., $62.50. cise and at times downright chatty; but the field of geological fluid dynamics. everal years ago, while browsing in even this is better than being too terse), Although as a text it should be used with S my university library, I found myself and the physics is presented rigorously, caution, it fills an important niche in giv- moderately insulted by a book entitled for the most part (more on this below). ing a comprehensive coverage of geologi- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics; this is not the Each chapter has an excellent layout, giv- cally relevant fluid physics. Thus, I would classic by J. Pedlosky, but another of the ing first the fundamental concepts, fol- strongly recommend it as a well-struc- many with that title (or some variation lowed by a series of worked, sometimes tured, adequately rigorous text for an of it). The insult was the author’s initial quite complex, geologically relevant extremely useful course in geological assertion that GFD (geophysical fluid examples. The range of examples, how- fluid mechanics. ever, could have been greatly broadened. dynamics) is, strictly speaking, fluid David Bercovici In particular, perhaps too many examples dynamics, which takes into account University of Hawaii involve two-dimensional channel flow Earth’s rotation. Being someone who Honolulu, HI 96822 ■ mainly worries about the fluid mechanics (or some variation of it) while other classic of Earth’s solid yet mobile mantle, for geological flow problems, such as diapir- which rotation is unimportant, I felt ism (e.g., salt domes and granitic plutons) excluded and marginalized, albeit briefly and gravity currents (finite fluid masses (i.e., for however long it took me to slap spreading under their own weight, such as the book closed). Nevertheless, to many lava flows and oil slicks), are ignored com- scientists, the term “GFD” somehow pletely. Nevertheless, I would (and proba- excludes the dynamics of almost 70% bly will) use it as a textbook in my own Visit of the mass of Earth—i.e., that which is classes, and I cannot give it a higher rec- nominally solid (the other 30% is the ommendation than that. liquid outer core, not the oceans and However, the book is not perfect; atmosphere). it contains enough inconsistencies and Thus, it is particularly consoling to lapses in rigor to keep it from being an find a legitimate text on the fluid dynam- authoritative fluid dynamics text. For Us ics of the solid earth: Fluid Physics in Geol- example, in the midst of a lengthy and ogy. (The book claims only to cover the careful derivation of the conservation of physics of fluids on and in the Earth’s energy equation, the book incorrectly http:// crust; however, it covers the essential fluid associates internal energy with tempera- @ dynamics for the mantle as well, and thus ture only (in fact, internal energy must be www. the book is broader than author David Jon at least a function of two thermodynamic Furbish states.) There are indeed other variables, most simply entropy and den- geosociety.org texts on applications of continuum sity); moreover, this slight of hand is done mechanics in the geological sciences; by using the ideal gas law, even though but in these texts, fluid flow is only a part the treatment involves dissipative heating of the overall coverage. Fluid Physics in in viscous fluids (which are clearly not Shop the Geology is one of the first attempts (that I ideal gases). The book also errs in several GSA Bookstore! am aware of) to provide a comprehensive discussions involving elasticity and com- study of fluids as appropriate for geology. pressibility. For example, acoustic wave Like most engineering or physics books on speed is mistakenly associated with the

24 GSA TODAY, November 1997 Preliminary Announcement 5. Structure and Metamorphism of Proterozoic Rocks Within the Mojave-Yavapai Boundary Zone, ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION, GSA Northwestern Arizona. 2 days. Ernie 50th Annual Meeting Duebendorfer, NAU, [email protected]; Matt Nyman, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Flagstaff, Arizona 48109. May 25–26, 1998 6. Tertiary Volcanic and Sedimen- tary Units and Structures Across the Central Arizona Transition Zone. 1 day. Robert S. Leighty, Arizona Geologi- SETTING REGISTRATION cal Survey, 416 Congress St., Suite 100, Tucson, AZ 85701, [email protected]. Flagstaff, Arizona, will host the 1998 Preregistration by mail will be han- 7. Floods, Debris Flows and Geomor- Rocky Mountain Section meeting of the dled by the Geological Society of America phology Along the Colorado River, Geological Society of America. The meet- Meetings Department, P.O. Box 9140, Grand Canyon. Richard Hereford, U.S. ing will be held on the campus of North- Boulder, CO 80301-9140. Registration Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Dr., ern Arizona University. The city is at the details and forms will be published in GSA Flagstaff, AZ 86001, (520) 556-7159. base of San Francisco Mountain, a com- Today in February 1998. On-site registra- posite cone over 12,600 feet in elevation tion will begin on May 24, 1998. For addi- SYMPOSIA and the highest point in Arizona. The San tional information, please contact Michael Francisco volcanic field covers approxi- Ort, Registration Chairperson, Dept. of The following symposia topics have mately 2,000 square miles along the south- Geology, Northern Arizona University, been submitted, and it is anticipated that ern margin of the Colorado Plateau. There Flagstaff, AZ 86011, [email protected]. other specialized topics will be added. are more than 550 vents in the area, the GSA is committed to making every General questions concerning symposia latest eruption having occurred in A.D. event at the 1998 Rocky Mountain Section should be addressed to Wendell Duffield, 1065—Sunset Crater. The crater is 15 miles meeting accessible to all people. If you Technical Program Coordinator, U.S. Geo- north of Flagstaff and is but one of many have any special needs, such as an inter- logical Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Dr., easily accessible volcanic features in the preter or wheelchair, these will be pro- Flagstaff, AZ 86001, (520) 556-7205, area. Flagstaff is on the southern margin vided. Please contact Larry Middleton [email protected]. For the of the Colorado Plateau province near the ([email protected]) or (520) symposia below, prospective authors transition into the Basin and Range to the 523-2429 by March 15, 1998. should contact individual chairmen. The south. Excellent exposures of mid- to late postal address for those at NAU is Dept. of Paleozoic strata occur south of Flagstaff in FIELD TRIPS Geology, Northern Arizona University, the Red Rock country near Sedona, Ari- Flagstaff, AZ 86001. Both pre- and postmeeting field trips zona. To the north, fluvial and eolian 1. Tertiary Evolution of the Transi- have been planned. For details, please con- strata of Triassic and Jurassic age crop out tion Zone. Nancy Riggs, NAU, Nancy. tact the field trip leaders; postal address for throughout the Navajo and Hopi reserva- [email protected]. those at NAU is: Dept. of Geology, North- tions and in the Lake Powell–Glen 2. Paleontologic and Stratigraphic ern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ Canyon region. Grand Canyon National Studies in the Grand Canyon Area: A 86011. General inquiries can be directed Park is 80 miles north of Flagstaff, and Pet- Symposium in Honor of Stanley S. to the Field Trip Chair Ernie Duebendorfer, rified Forest National Park is 120 miles to Beus. David Elliott, NAU, David.Elliott@ (520) 523-7510 or [email protected], Dept. the east. nau.edu. of Geology, Northern Arizona University, In late May, the days are typically 3. Synthesis of Recent Geomorphic Flagstaff, AZ 86011. clear, and temperatures average 75–80 Research Along the Colorado River. 1. Miocene Volcanism and Geomor- degrees F; nights are cool and pleasant. Richard Hereford, U.S. Geological Survey, phology in Verde Valley and Petrol- There is little precipitation this time of 2255 N. Gemini Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, ogy of Alkaline Rocks at House year. [email protected]. Mountain Shield Volcano, Sedona, Flagstaff lies at the junction of Inter- 4. Evolution of Mid- to Late Protero- Arizona. 1 day. Richard Holm, NAU, states 40 and 17 and thus is easily reached zoic Basins in the Southwest—Tec- [email protected]; Wayne Ranney, Zia by car. Rail service is available from the tonic and Depositional Settings. Enterprises, Flagstaff; Kathryn Lee and east and west, and Flagstaff airport is Larry Middleton, NAU, Larry.Middleton@ James Witke, NAU. located approximately 3 miles south of nau.edu. 2. Exploration for and Ecological the city. 5. Late Cenozoic Evolution of the Importance of Shallow and Deep Colorado Plateau. Jon Spencer, Arizona Ground Water Around the San Fran- CALL FOR PAPERS Geological Survey, 416 Congress St., Suite cisco Mountains. 1 day. Abe Springer, 100, Tucson, AZ 85701, jspencer@ Technical papers are invited for pres- NAU, [email protected]; Don Bulls, geo.arizona.edu. entation in conventional theme sessions, USGS, Flagstaff. 6. Geological Framework of the various symposia, and poster sessions. 3. Volcanism and Sedimentation in Grand Staircase–Escalante Monu- The talks and posters will address all the Miocene-Pliocene Hopi Buttes ment Area. Wendell Duffield, U.S. Geo- aspects of Rocky Mountain and Colorado and Hopi Lake. 2 days. Michael Ort, logical Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Dr., Plateau geology. There will be 15 minutes NAU, [email protected]; Jorge Flagstaff, AZ 86001, wduffield@flagmail. for presentations and 5 minutes for discus- Vazquez, Todd Dallegge, and Wendell wr.usgs.gov. sions. Details for the posters sessions will Duffield, NAU and USGS, Flagstaff. 7. Tectonics of the Southern Rio be provided to the participants. 4. Permian Rocks in North-Central Grande Rift and Adjacent Basin and Arizona: A Comparison of the Sec- Range—Their Connection. Greg Mack, tions at Grand Canyon and Sedona. 2 days. Ronald Blakey, NAU, rcb@vishnu. glg.nau.edu; Larry Middleton, NAU. Rocky Mountain continued on p. 26

GSA TODAY, November 1997 25 Rocky Mountain continued from p. 25 New Treatise Volumes Dept. of Geological Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, [email protected]. Brachiopoda (Revised) Vol 1 8. Geoscience and Environmental edited by R. L. Kaesler, coordinataing author Sir A. Williams, leading a team Science Education Using Computer of international specialists, 1997 Multimedia: What Works and Why. First volume to be published in this extensive 4-volume revision of the Michael Kelly, Center for Environmental Sciences and Education, NAU, Michael. Brachiopoda. Entirely devoted to introductory material, with chapters [email protected]. on the brachiopod anatomy; the genome; physiology; shell biochemistry; 9. Middle and Late Mesozoic Tecton- shell structure; morphology; ecology of articulated and inarticulated bra- ics of the Borderland: From Bisbee chiopods; biogeography of articulated and inarticulated brachiopods; and a Extension to Laramide Shortening. comprehensive glossary. Timothy Lawton, Dept., of Geological TRE-HV1R, 560 p., ISBN 0-8137-3108-9, $100.00, Member price $80.00 Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, tlawton@ Arthropoda 1, Trilobita (Revised) Vol. 1 nmsu.edu. edited by R. L. Kaesler, coordinataing author H. B. Whittington, leading a team 10. Active Tectonics of the Central of international specialists, 1997 and Northern Rocky Mountains. David Lageson, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Volume 1 of the revision of the 1959 edition of Part O. Two more volumes Montana State University, Bozeman, MT are planned. Contains introductory chapters on the morphology of the 59717-0348, [email protected]. exoskeleton; the trilobite body; mode of life, habits, and occurrence; use edu. of numerical and cladistic methods; ontogeny; evolutionary history; classi- 11. Water Quantity and Quality fication; and glossary; as well as systematic descriptions for the Orders Issues Related to Perched Aquifers. Agnostida and Redlichiida. Also includes an extensive correlation chart Abe Springer, Dept. of Geology, Northern for the Cambrian and explanatory notes. Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, [email protected]. TRE-OV1R, vol 1., 550 p., ISBN 0-8137-3115-1, $100.00, Member price $80.00

ABSTRACTS GSA Publication Sales Abstracts are limited to 250 words P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 • (303) 447-2020 and must be submitted on official GSA abstract forms, available from Abstract 1-800-472-1988 Coordinator, Geological Society of Amer- fax 303-447-1133, [email protected] ica, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, (303) 447-2020 or ncarlson@geosociety. www.geosociety.org org. An original and 5 copies are required for each abstract. Only one paper may be presented by each individual, although a person may be coauthor of additional papers. Please send abstracts to Wendell STUDENT TRAVEL SUPPORT Geology, Northern Arizona University, Duffield, U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Flagstaff, AZ 86011, Ronald.Blakey@ The GSA Rocky Mountain Section has Gemini Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001. nau.edu. funds to support travel to the meeting for Abstract deadline—January 8, 1998 students. Please submit requests to Ken ACCOMMODATIONS Kolm, Division of Environmental Science PROJECTION EQUIPMENT and Engineering Department, Colorado Blocks of rooms have been reserved on School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, the campus of Northern Arizona University, Projection equipment will be pro- [email protected]. only a few minutes walk from the Dubois vided for standard 35 mm slides. Two pro- Applications must be received by Center, the site of the sessions. A list of jectors and two screens will be available. March 15, 1998. available local motels and hotels will be Authors should provide their own provided in the final announcement. carousel, although a limited number will SPECIAL EVENTS and be available. GUEST PROGRAM DETAILED INFORMATION EXHIBITS Planned events include a welcoming More information concerning regis- reception on the evening of May 24, 1998, tration, lodging, activities, and the pro- The cost for exhibit space will be $50 and possibly a reception at the Museum of gram will be provided with the final for an area about 12 by 12 feet. For further Northern Arizona. Section business meet- announcement in GSA Today, and as part information, contact Paul Umhoefer, ings will also be held during the conference. of the Rocky Mountain Section Abstracts Dept. of Geology, Northern Arizona Uni- In addition to its excellent climate, with Programs. Address questions concern- versity, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, (520) 523- Flagstaff offers the opportunity for visits ing registration to Michael Ort, Dept. of 6464, [email protected]. to museums, ruins, the lovely Red Rock Geology, Northern Arizona University, country of Sedona (30 miles to the south), Flagstaff, AZ 86011, [email protected], STUDENT PRESENTATIONS and a scenic rail ride to Grand Canyon. and any other general questions to Larry Awards will be given for the best and There will be lots to do this Memorial Day Middleton, NAU, address above, Larry. second best papers by a student. The Rocky weekend, and Flagstaff is the ideal place. [email protected]., fax 520-523-9220. Mountain Section of GSA strongly encour- Address inquiries to Ronald Blakey, We hope to see you in Flagstaff in May! ■ ages students to present their research. Special Events Chairperson, Dept. of

26 GSA TODAY, November 1997 New GSA Members

The following 934 Members were elected by Council action during the period from October 1996 to February 1997. (An asterisk indicates a transfer from Student Associate to Member status.)

William J. Abbey Elisabeth Birkeland Fiona C. Childe Penny Davis June T. Fabryka-Martin Mark J. Abolins Janice L. Bishop *Karen Chin Philip J. Davis Stewart J. Fallon Steve Y. Acheampong Michele G. Bishop Moonsup Cho *Nancye H. Dawers Elfatih A. Farah John E. Adams Ronald E. Blackstone *Ann M. Christensen Sarah K. Deans *Edward C. Farren *Peter N. Adams Glenn W. Blaylock *Chris T. Christensen Peter F. DeCosta *Mostafa Fayek Kent F. Adamson Erich S. Bloodaxe Constance M. Nicole A. Delude Todd C. Feeley Guy W. Adema Steve M. Bohaty Christensen Xinhua Deng Benjamin S. Felzer Philippe Agard Brian K. Bohm *Frank C. Chuang *Steven R. Dent Thomas R. Fenn *Kerry L. Aggen Dudley W. Bolyard Thomas M. Church Catherine M. Dentan *Vera A. Fernandes Kevin E. Ahern Kevin W. Bonar Dick T. Claeson Lisa S. Dernbach Scott R. Fidler Jeff C. Aitken Matthew H. Bond Robert A. Claiborne, Sr. Gina DeRosa Sarah J. Finley Deborah E. Ajakaiye Susanne M. Borchert Jeffrey J. Clark *Elisa E. Detels Seth Finnegan Abdulhanit Akalin *Fiorenzo Bordignon Jordan F. Clark Eric W. Dewar *Sue A. Finstick Christine L. Albanese Bernadette Bosie Chris R. Clarkson *Edwin J. DeYoung Rocco A. Fiori Bashir A. Alfotawi Terence J. Bottrill Donald A. Coates Camelia C. Diaconescu Catherine A. Fisher Betsy L. Allen Michelle P. Boulet *Brian P. Coffey Loretta “Lori” D. Dickson Tina G. Fitts Charles E. Allen *Theresa M. Boundy Andrew J. Cohen Nathaniel W. Diedrich Jeffrey Flanzenbaum John R. L. Allen Barry E. Bowman Lee Ann Colarusso Allen Dodson Alastair Fleming *Kambra M. Allen Walter W. Boyd Neil M. Coleman James M. Dohm *Susan L. Folkert Robert M. Allender Deena G. Braunstein *Patrick M. Colgan K. Lyle Dokken *Robert E. Forsberg Richard B. Alley Emily S. Bray Jonathan W. Collier Lisa A. Doner John N. Foster Selma Alpay Lee E. Bray Geoffrey C. Collins Timothy D. A. Donohue *Umberto Fracassi Randall G. Alpizar Brendan R. Bream Debra C. Colodner Paul J. Donovan Edward F. Frank *Douglas E. Alsdorf Kim C. Brenner *Sean L. Connin Neal A. Doran Mark R. Frank Stephen P. Altaner Anna B. Breuninger *Katherine A. Connors Barry G. Dorman S. Edward Franz C. Kevin Anderson Gloria C. C. Britton Stephen Conrad *Pierre Doucet *Christian L. Frederick Dawn M. Anderson Thomas M. Brocher Glenn S. Cook Carolyn B. Dowling Glen G. Fredlund *Gregory J. Anderson Sarah L. Brown *Michele L. Cooke Erich Draganits Claire Freydier Keri A. Anderson Victoria L. Bruce Janette L. Cookman Robert A. Drake Wolfgang Frisch *Lisa M. Anderson *Kristine M. Bryan Christina L. Coppeler *Vicki G. Drake Todd G. Fritch Roger S. Anderson Natalia A. Bryxina Brian E. Corbett Steve Drda Silvia Fumagalli *Ulf B. Andersson Leif M. Burge Richard L. Coren *Brenda L. Driscoll *Richard L. Funk Charles B. Andrews Robert L. Burger John P. Coughlon Rebecca M. Drury Brandon A. Gaither Javier Arzote-Arroyo John E. Burghardt *Brent A. Couzens Sarah E. Duffell Beatriz Garcia-Fresca Barbara C. Atkin Neil R. Burns *E. Jun Cowan Thomas B. Dunkin Mary I. Garland *Margaret M. Avard *William M. Burns Randel Tom Cox Michael T. Dunn Andrew J. Gavin Danielle M. Ayan *John H. Burris Andrea Cozzi *Anna M. Duzs-Moore *Allen Gellis Stefan Back *Cynthia A. Burtnett Chapman L. Creighton *Gary S. Dwyer Lynn M Gentile Mara C. Bacsujlaky *Jay Patrick Busch *Christopher M. Crescini *Sam Earman Brenda Kirkland George Adrian C. Badescu *Jeffrey M. Byrnes Thomas M. Cronin Shane W. Ebert Christopher C. Gerbi Lyle F. Baie Jose M. Calaforra *Rodney A. Crother *Ken S. Eden *Martha L. Gerdes *Suzanne E. Bailey Nadine Calis Mark F. Cummings William B. Egeland *Brian J. Gerike Jean M. Baker Carlos M. Camilletti Tara M. Curtin C. Dale Elifrits Ayati Ghosh James W. Ball *Richard K. Carey Frank J. Cynar Ann L. Elledge Todd D. Gibbs Kia K. Baptist David Carleton Dyanna M. Czeck Annette S. Engel Heather-Marie Gibson *Marcy R. Barbour Sharman L. Carpenter Adel A. Dabous Atsuhito Ennyu Michael A. Gibson *Edy M. Barillas Duane B. Carter Matthew J. Dagon Mark A. Erickson Shawn M. Gibson Michael F. Barinek Robert R. Casavant *Todd A. Dallegge E. K. Esawi Reto Giere Ralph A. Barnes Susan M. Casby-Horton Lisa R. Danielson *Marcia A. Escamilla James C. Gierke *Bax R. Barton Enrico Casolari David W. Davenport Azat Eslamyzadeh Andrew B. Gilbert *Karen A. Batten Jonathan M. Castro *Xan M. Davidson Sonia Esperanca Bruce E. Gillett *Lisa A. Battiato Jennifer L. Celeste Andrew G. S. Davies Andrew Evans, Jr. Pattie C. Baucom Michael Chapin Katherine S. Davies-Vol- Jeffrey C. Evans Thomas J. Bauman Amberlee E. Chaussee lum William D. Everham New Members Dmitry A. Bazykin Xunhong Chen Marsha A. Davis *Inge Ewing continued on p. 28 Deborah L. Beck E. Glynn Beck Mary A. Beck Brian D. Begley Rose-Anna Behr Jennifer M. Bell Jerome A. Bellian New GSA Fellows Bryan E. Bemis Steven R. Benham The following 33 Members were advanced to Fellowship in May 1997. *Kenneth D. Bergenham Daniel R. Sarewitz Jennifer K. Bergin David M. Abbott, Jr. Cynthia J. Ebinger Andrew P. Berkoski Ginger A. Barth Monty A. Elliott Lauret E. Savoy Hermann Bermudez Colleen Barton Philip C. England Paul G. Silver Aguirre Mark T. Brandon Peter B. Flemings Richard P. Smith Michelle Bernard Sean C. Solomon Bruce G. Bernel Gordon E. Brown, Jr. John I. Garver Bernardino Bertossa Lokesh Chaturvedi Anita L. Grunder Don W. Steeples Nathan E. Berube Chen-Lin Chou Ilmari J. Haapala John R. Sumner Maryk R. Besonen Peter U. Clark Michael W. Hamburger Peter K. Swart Gregg S. Beukelman Barbara E. John Kenneth L. Taylor Patricia Beyer Susan M. DeBari *Adam E. Bielecki John H. Dilles Alan Levander Scott W. Tyler Sue Ann Bilbey Joe S. Downey Kate C. Miller Kenneth L. Verosub Ilya N. Bindeman

GSA TODAY, November 1997 27 New Members Jose M. Hurtado, Jr. *Halard L. Lescinsky Kristin M. Miller Andrew H. Pitner continued from p. 27 Matthew T. Hurtgen Rebecca S. Lesher Victor E. Millings III Piret Plink Muin M. Husain Amy Leventer Henry D. Mills L. Niel Plummer Holly S. Godsey Kevin S. Hutchins Meghan H. Lewis Nancy Milton Robert M. Pockar *Victoria G. Goetcheus Randall D. Hutchins Matthew Leybourne Anil K. Mishra Dana K. Polacsek Elias Gomez *Jimmie L. Hutchison Zhiping Li Steve A. Mizell Ekaterina M. Polkanova Adam Y. Goodman James A. Hyatt Juan H. Lias *Alfred E. Moffit III Caleb J. Pollock David H. Goodwin Hyoun-soo Lim *Johan Liebens Richard G. Monk Gayle L. Pollock Kara C. Goscinski Motomu Ibaraki *Jennifer M. Lien Larry W. Monroe Warren A. Potma *John C. Gosse *Bradley R. Ilg Robert T. Lierman Danielle Montague-Judd *Lee S. Potter Steven C. Gottschalk Noam R. Izenberg *Tsung-Yi Lin Jessica D. Moore Melissa L. Pratt Gregory B. Graham Bruce M. Jackson Lonnie L. Lincoln Seth C. Moran Maria G. Prokopenko William A. Graham Patricia B. Jackson Sherri L. Littman *Bonnie A. Morris Jodi L. Purser Joseph R. Graney Ken R. Jacobs Brenda A. Lloyd Lance Morris *Michael J. Quinn Floyd Gray *Stephen E. Jacobson Stefanie E. Loader Amy D. Morrison Andrew G. Raby *Thomas E. Gray Faisal Jaffri Robert E. Locklair Wendy E. M. Morrison Elizabeth A. Rachman William G. D. Gray Bruce R. James Rowan Lockwood *David S. Morse *Bret Rahe James P. Greenwood *Dawn E. Janney Andrew S. Long *John L. Mosley *Michael S. Ramsey Christopher B. Greer Robert J. Janosy Timothy R. Long A. Elizabeth Moundalexis *Wayne E. Randolph *Peter G. Griffiths Michael D. Jarvis Caroline M. Loop Erik A. Munroe *Eugene C. Rankey Gabriel O. Grimaldi Margaret A. Jodry Charles J. Lord Hilary Muray Adam S. Read Alessandro Grippo Daniel J. Johnson Jason S. Lore Candice M. Murphy Jason A. Rech *Adam S. Grodek Brenton C. Johnson Anthony R. Lotimer Kyle E. Murray *Dawn A. Redding *Amelia L. Guianen Diane A. Johnston Stephen E. Lowe *Laura A. Murray Mike M. Reddy Larry D. Gurrola Mark E. Jones Karl W. Luckert Richard L. Naff Patrick B. Redmond Gary R. Halbert Stephen C. Jones Marjorie A. Lucks Sonia A. Nagorski Randal C. Reed Charlotte E. Hall Lissa F. Karim John A. Luczaj Pedro Najar Robert S. Regis John S. Hall Hiroshi Kawamura Ramon Luna-Barcelo *Tamara J. Nameroff *James S. Reichard Marguerite Louise Hall Glenn B. Kays Sebastian Luning Edward N. Nealson Kevin D. Reid *Matthew S. Hall Baojia Ke Amy S. Lunt Jessica L. Nelson *Amy Sue Reinker Marc C. Halter Elizabeth H. Keating L. Kirk Lurvey Elizabeth A. Nemeth Leon Reiter *Christopher P. Hamilton Rita D. Keefe Christopher B. Mader Pete L. Nester Minghua Ren James P. Hamilton David C. Keith Charles W. Magee Dennis L. Newell Carl E. Renshaw Victoria E. Hamilton *Randall A. Keller Arshad Mahmood *Brent D. Newman Douglas N. Reusch Bruce V. Hanson Katie KellerLynn Brian J. Mailloux Robert L. Niblack *Meredith K. Rhodes Jorunn Hardatdottir Chris R. Kelson *Kent Malinowsky Douglas J. Nichols Brook C. Riley Eric J. Harmon Elizabeth M. Kennedy *Paul E. Malmquist Michael D. Nielsen *Ulrich P. Riller *Christopher J. Harpel Dale A. Kerner Joseph M. Mankelow Christopher R. Niendorf Marcella A. Ripich Timothy M. Harrison William E. Kiene *William F. Manley *Jose M. Nieto Bruce Robbins Sarah O. Hartman Quinn T. Kiley Lorraine A. Manz Harlan B. Niles Eric M. Roberts Peter C. Hartsough Tae J. Kim *Jacques A. Marcillac Benito A. Noguez Delores M. Robinson *Brian K. Hastings Michael E. Kimlicko Paul G. Marinos Katy F. Noltimier Eberhard Roeder *Carrie D. Hawkins *Geoffrey S. King Jeffrey C. Markussen Britt H. Norlander Patricia G. Rogers Shanon K. Hayes *Brian T. Kirchner Charles M. Maroni Rebecca J. Norman John D. Rogie Roger B. Head Mark A. Kirschbaum Kenneth R. Mars *Clyde J. Northrup III *Kelly K. Rose Christopher D. Hedeen Hans F. Kishel Gerald J. Marshall Kent S. Novakowski Heather M. Rosenstein *Christopher A. Hedlund *Cynthia E. Kissler Laura E. Marston *L. “Koldo” Nunez-Betelu Anthony J. Rossman Arjun M. Heimsath *Robert T. Klein *Jennifer P. Martin Jack K. Odum James R. Rougvie Timothy J. Henstock Jennifer Ann Kling Calvin M. Mather Karen L. Ogden Joshua C. Rubinstein Thomas D. Henze Joseph P. Klinger Patrick D. Mattie Bwire S. Ojiambo David L. Rudolph Linnea J. Heraty Irina Kogan Jennifer M. Maude Karl H. Oliver Greg L. Rudolph Lynn K. Hettinger *Michelle A. Kominz *David P. Mayo Gary A. Olmstead Steven W. Ruff *Michael J. Hewitt Akachai Kongsawast Charles L. McIlvaine IV Susannah Y. Oram Robert A. Ruffner Nadine M Hewson *Daniel J. Koning Constance E. Tim R. Orr Jason W. Rush Michael R. Heynekamp Sarah K. Konrad McCambridge Marcos A. Kelly A. Rust Catherine A. Hier Michael S. Kovacs Ann McCartney Ortega-Guerrero Erin Z. Ryan Martin F. Hilfinger Dana N. Kovaric *Walter B. McClendon Bette L. Otto-Bliesner Valadimir P. Rybakov Joseph C. Hill Pablo Kraemer *Vicki S. McConnell Daphne L. Owens Kimberly D. Saettler *Kevin S. Hill *Adam Kronen Tamsin C. McCormick Johan Pae *Peter B. Sak George E. Hilley Keith A. Krugh Timothy McCormick Alois F. Pajak III *Arito Sakaguchi Satoshi Hirano James D. Kubicki Christine M. McCracken Tatyana M. Pak Eric W. Salva Tetsuro Hirono *Aaron J. Kullman Bryan B. McDonald David M. Palleiko Alfredo P. Sanchez Tamara L. Hodge Alok Kumar Christopher R. McFarlan Mao Pan Karen Sanchirico W. Steven Holbrook Anish Kumar Mary McGann Rongsheng Pan Robert L. Sandefur John A. Hole Niraj Kumar Sheila R. McGinty Dinu I. Pana Hilary C. Sanders *Jennifer L. Holland Tina M. Kurtz *Emmet H. McGuire *Kurt S. Panter Krysia Sapeta Amy M. Holmes Sung-Tack Kwon Larry D. McKay Young-Rok Park Dibyendu Sarkar Karen W. Holmes Phivos C. Kyprianou Sean A. McKenna *Mary A. Parke Ivan P. Savov *Bryce W. Hoppie Elizabeth Lacey Margaret E. McMillan *Beth L. Parker Adam J. Sawyer *R. Forrest Hopson John I. LaFave Allen K. McNamara Jan Pasava Mohammad Jeremy K. Hourigan *Andreas Lang Alfred J. Mead Sandra Passchter Sayeeduzzaman Christopher H. House Kathryn C. Langley Esther E. Meader Karen A. Pate Allan W. Scheer Martha A. House Christina J. Langston James M. Mehegan Carrie J. Patterson Ekkehard Scheuber *P. Kyle House Matthew K. Larsen Sunil Mehta Mark E. Patzkowsky Jerusha D. Schieb Ryan T. Houser Al Larson Leslie A. Melim *Michael R. Paul *Chris L. Schneider *Victoria C. Hover Kathryn R. Larson Jennifer M. Menges *Timothy S. Paulsen Hank G. Schnieder Katherine M. Howard Zakaria Lasemi Matthew F. Mercurio Lucia M. Peabody William P. Schreiner James R. Howell William L. Lassetter, Jr. Clifford R. Merz Ian Pearson *Kathryn A. Schubel Richard G. Hoy Eric A. Lauha *William P. Meurer *Jane N. Pedrick Frederik Schuele Bill Hoyne Jeremy J. Lawton Beverly D. Meyer Christopher J. Pepino Lori K. Schuh *Jean C. Hsieh Jonathan N. Leahy Karin L. Meyer *Daniel J. Perez Christopher A. Schultz Shawsong Huang *Hermann Lebit *Robert P. Meyer Jaime G. Perez Peter H. Schultz Jessica L. Huckemeyer Denis R. LeBlanc Diana Meza Arndt Peterhaensel Beryl Schwartz Laura L. Hult Hyo N. Lee Jochen E. Mezger Eric W. Peterson Joseph I. Scott *Richard C. Hummel III *Katherine F. Lee *Debra L. Mickelson Sam E. Phifer Elizabeth J. Screaton Amber G. Huntoon Oliver T. H. Lehnert *Elizabeth J. Miksa Thomas Pichler John M. Seeley John V. Hurley *Kathleen J. Lemke *Donald D. Miller Kevin T. Pickering *Mark S. Servilla

28 GSA TODAY, November 1997 Fred H. Shair Erick J. Staley Barbara Teichert Douglas B. Vogt Michael J. Wilson Mala R. Shakespear Jim C. Standard *Friedrich Teichmann *David H. Voorhees Nicholas S. F. Wilson Terry A. Shakespeare Hazel M. Standeven H. Henry Teng *Michael A. Wacker *Susan M. Wilson *Arash Sharifi Christine A. Staples John V. Thacker Laura J. Walker *Jennifer E. Winkler Rochelle A. Shaw *Kelly L. Staton Kevin M. Theissen Luke J. Walker *James M. Wise Yunqing Shen Mike F. Stec Steven M. Thibodeaux Ian K. Wallace Jason S. Wise Steven G. Shikaze Michael S. Steckler Deborah J. Thomas Tianfeng Wan Christina R. Wood *Robert N. Sickler Steel Ron J. Lucy M. Thompson *Steven C. Wandrei Douglas H. Wood John M. Sigda *Eric J. Steig Stephen C. Thompson Mingguang Wang Keith L. Woodburne Laura J. Silliphant Andrew B. Stein Timothy J. Thompson David W. Waters Ryean-Marie Woods *Debra L. Simpson Ingo Steinhoff Michael Thonis *Kristin D. Weaver Bradley D. Worley Hallie J. Sims *Caroline LoVetere *Bradley W.C. Thurber Michael Webb Anton F. Wroblewski Cheryl J. Sinclair Stephany *Martin J. Timmerman Richard M. T. Webb James R. Wysor Steve H. Singer *Libby A. Stern Keith J. Tinkler William C. Webster Shuhai Xiao *Steven J. Singletary Michael E. Sternberg *Jennifer L. Tobias *Karl W. Wegmann Xuechun Xu *Chris Sinton *P. Gregory Stevens *Paul B. Tomascak Frank H. Weirch Katsuyuki Yamashita *Raymond L. Skelly *Daniel C. Steward David H. Tomlinson Catherine M. Weitz Lawrence Yane Kimberly W. Skinner John A. Stillman Athanasios Tozios *David M. Welch Haitao Yang Sonya Y. Skoog *Karen B. Stilwell Carolyn R. Trayler Raelyn E. Welch *Qingming Yang Tim W. Skrotzki *John P. Stimac Candace A. Trimble Tina M. Wells Xinyue Yang Kelly J. Slough *Mark W. Stirling Aradhna K. Tripati Cynthia A. Werner *Memorie K. Yasuda Alfred A. Smith Michelle L. Stoklosa Kathleen L. Trowbridge Rick Wessels Tesfaye Yemane *Andrew G. Smith George T. Stone Shuhjong Tsao Paul H. Wetmore Wen Yi *Bryan V. Smith Laura E. Strickland *Hiroyuki Tsutsumi S. Christopher Whisner *Chan M. Yoo Jennifer R. Smith Strobel Michael L. *Gregory E. Tucker *Chris E. White Gary T. Yoshiba *Jennifer S. Smith *Arjen P. Stroeven Caroline B. Tuit Richard B. White *Amgad I. Younes Kenneth D. Smith Nikki Strong Kenneth D. Turnball Stan F. White Amy E. Young *Odin A. Smith Shan Stuart Benjamin F. Turner James Whitehead *Peggy J. Young Pat G. Smith Gordon M. Sturgeon Robert J. Turner Peter G. Wightman Robert R. Young Robert G. Smith, Jr. Charles E. Sulfrian Scott W. Tyler Paul B. Wignall Steven C. Young *Rebecca C. Smyth Paul L. Summers *Mark D. Uhen Walter G. Wilder Miriam Yta Jeong So-Yoeng Christopher Sumner Michael A. Urban *Rick T. Wilkin Samuel M. Zendejas Anna Sojourner Debra M. Surbrook Lensyl D. Urbano Scott J. Wilkins Lihua Zhang Tracy C. Sole Diane G. Sutherland Satoshi Utsunomiya *Curtis J. Williams Xixi Zhao *Josep M. Soler *Brian J. Swanson Andrew D. Valdez *Daphne D. Williams Y. James Zhao Renato U. Solidum Martha L. Sykes Robert B. Valentine Douglas E. Williams Hsiao-Ling Zhou Andre Somerhausen David W. Szymanski Martin C. Van Boskirk G. Roger Williams Mark S. Ziegenbein Christopher Sommerfield Karyn M. Tadajewski Katrien J. Van der Hoeven Steven H. Williams Karen Ziegler Michael G. Sommers Ryoji Tanaka Rosario Vasquez Scheer- Charles A. Wilson, Jr. Steve M. Zigan Sheng-Rong Song *Carol M. Tang horn Cindy L. Wilson Vitaly A. Zlotnik Robert J. Sosnowski *David A. Taylor Jennifer K. Veir Ed C. Wilson Greta L. Zornes Gregory B. Spannuth W. Lansing Taylor *Kenneth M. Veit John L. Wilson Brian R. Zurbuchen ■ Robert H. St. John Jacki J. Teeters Eric Viollier Matthew G. Wilson

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GSA TODAY, November 1997 29 New GSA Student Associates

The following 368 Student Associates became affiliated with the Society during the period from October 1996 to February 1997.

Mario Aigner-Torres Christopher G. Katherine M. J. Hurlburt Angelika Mitschele Garret L. Slaugenhoup Tina M. Alder Del Monico Wade D. Hutchings David M. Mixon Season M. Smith Corey E. Alexander James M. Devine Marita E. Hyman Barnas G. Monteith Terri M. Smith Michael C. Alfieri Gary A. Diewald Natasha R. Isenhour James P. Montesi Scott P. Sorber Lisa M. Amati Michael G. Dodge Jason A. James Ronald R. Moore Connie J. Sorell Allyson K. Anderson Travis A. Doll Leslie R. Jamison Christopher H. Morton Carroll L. Speich Charlotte A. Anderson Casey Donohue Eric D. Janness Achim J. Mueller Matt S. Spurlin Terry L. Arcuri Stephen M. Douglas Joanne V. Jaquin Carissa J. Munson Dawn E. Standridge Holly A. Arnold Amanda B. Downing Wendy M. Jarosynski Michael P. Munzing Michael A. Stark Stacy L. Aron Jonathon B. Drasdis Marcia L. Jensen Kevin M. Myer Edward I. Steinhardt Arthur E. Atencio Terry M. Dudley Eleanore B. Jewel Zachary J. Naiman Michael K. Stevens Paul K. Atkinson Mason L. Dykstra Qi Jin Mary Beth Nawor Kimberly K. Stonesifer Christopher D. Augustine Cary R. Easterday Amanda S. Johnson Kimberly J. Neilson Philip Storvik Sherif A. M. Awadallah Amy J. Emanuelson Bradley K. Johnson Ianthe Nelson Tammy Jo Stott John J. Ballou Angelique B. Emerson Elizabeth D. Jones Martin H. Neudecker William F. Strable IV Molly B. Barrett John W. Estep James V. Jones Martha Nicholson Elizabeth K. Strachan John M. Bartos Christian Esterbauer Susan Kachel Kenneth H. Noble Kimberly S. Struthers James L. Battreal Gregory M. Etter Matthew J. Kawa Carrie E. Nolan Carla M. Sullivan Ryan M. Bennett Julie M. Ewing Julie R. Kelley Luke T. O’Brien Scott A. Summers Tim L. Bennett John J. Fabirkiewicz Katherine A. Kelley Michael A. O’Driscoll Maggie A. Swanger Amy E. Berger Erin J. Fallis Paul J. Kemna Susan D. Oakley L. Marie Swenson Ingo Blechschmidt Josh M. Feinberg Cara B. Kiger Jay D. Olcott Craig V. Thomas William J. Bobrowsky William J. Felton James R. Kight Christopher C. Olson Kris M. Thompson Mathew J. Bokus Eric M. Ferguson Autumn R. King Genevieve Orchard S. Keith Thompson Lynda Bolton Richard J. Fink Michael Kirchenbauer James Osborne Vicki L. Thompson Nicole Bonuso Amy L. Fonville Jodi L. Klemme Brian A. Pace Barbara A. Tillotson Angela L. Bowman David G. Ford Matthew A. Kuchta David C. Pagel Brenda G. Toepger Scott T. Boyer Christopher J. Foster Susan E. Kulp Gary W. Patt Kenneth P. Tomlin Christina M. Brachle Heather E. Fowler Michael P. Kutney Melissa S. Pawlisch Roberto Torri Joe S. Brinton Aaron L. Fox Joann Labs Sandi Pesak Stacy W. Towne Colleen B. Brogenski Keith L. Fragiacomo Christopher M. LaBuy James W. Peters Gregory S. Trapp Matthew W. Bromley Edward O. Frederick III David P. Lang Sarah K. Peugh Art C. Trembanis Aaron T. Broughton Glen A. Fromwiller Brian N. LaReau Geoffrey Pignotta Steven J. Treschow Carolyn H. Brown Forest J. Gahn Eric D. Larson Place Laura A. Rita Tull Riley Brown Benjamin J. Gallagher Andrew N. Lasca Michael P. Poland Allison R. Tumarkin Andrew L. Brownstone Laureen D. Gallagher Richard S. Law Wayne R. Pound Michael J. Turco Karl F. Brunner Angela L. Galloway Brandon W. Lea Wayne A. Power Bryan H. Turner Reuben G. Bullard, Jr. Joel M. Galloway Tiffany M. Lehart Aisha R. Ragas Jon L. Turner Andrew M. Bush Christopher D. Garg Susan J. Leigh Heidi M. Rantala George H. Uzzelle IV Richard A. Butler William B. Garry Robert J. Lenegan Donna M. Rathman Robyn Van Riper Bruce A. Carlson Michael N. Gaud Karen Y. LeTourneau Edward C. Reboulet Allison W. Vaughn Steve D. Carlson Carter L. Gehman Steven W. Liebertz Angela M. Redmond Dale A. Walker Diane M. Carson Nancy J. Giese Cayce A. Lillesve Dustin J. Reed Eric L. Walston Kenneth M. Carson Jaime S. Giesen Jun Liu Thomas M. Reed Andrew L. Warren Stephanie L. Cartee Allison E. Gillen Nicole R. Lizotte Robert F. Reuss Kevin F. Warzocha Kerry R. Caruthers Patricia A. Giordano John H. Loeffel Aaron M. Rever Sarah J. Weaver Ken F. Casamento Lorraine E. Givens Chenda Lor Geoffrey D. Risse Paula J. Weber Laura E. Castleberry Alexander Glass John K. Lucey Salvatore J. Riveccio Krysti Weed Grace K. Cavert Margaret T. Glasscoe Kevin L. Lyne Alexander C. Robinson Julie M. Welch Jay R. Cederberg Jeff M. Glossa Jeri L. Macallister Amy L. Rodebaugh Karah L. Wertz Dawn M. Chapel Sally D. Gramstad Amy N. Macrellis John J. Romano Sylvia A. White Annaick Chauvet Angel D. Grider Lauren M. Maigret Tara L. Root William C. Whitehead Yvette M. Chovanec Jay W. Grider Adam V. Maltese Lisa M. Rosi Brian C. Wied James C. Christiansen Michael J. Grimmett Christina M. Mangione Cynthia A. Rossi Angela J. Williams Becky A. Ciske Benjamin C. S. Grove Jeffrey D. Manuszak Anna M. Salvagno Chad J. Williams Aaron G. Clack Chris A. Guzofski Jonathan D. Marcot Kelly L. Saunders Christopher D. Williamson Elena R. Clark Christine L. Hallman Wayne T. Marko Maija E. Schellpeper Shawn P. Willsey Cathy Clegg-Scala Joshua R. Hamaker Robert T. Marquis Kimberly Schlussel Valerie J. Wolfe John W. Coates James P. Harding Heather A. Marshall Lindsay Schoenbohm Daniel W. Wolford Anne M. Coequyt Jamie K. Harmon Suzette V. Martin Martin Schoepfer Christopher C. Yarnell Michael P. Collins Bradley J. Harris Maurizio Mastrolorenzo Sarah E. Schott Jeanette M. Yarnell Chris S. Compton Donald J. Hartman Katie A. Matthews Christian M. Schrader Aaron M. Yecies Bill A. Cook Michelle S. Hays Michael E. Matthews Caroline A. Seaman Sara E. Young David L. Cook Nicole A. Heller Kevin c. May Daniel P. Seifert Gerry Zambrano Jerald S. Cook Nevin M. Henderson Melanie M. McCleary Matthew J. Seitz Amber C. Zweifel ■ Matthew F. Cooke James M. Herrin Ann M. McConnell Emilio L. Sempris Ryan J. Cozart Eric W. Hewson Claire E. McCorkle S. David Shaw Lance W. Crabtree Denton R. Hill Scott S. McCray Dave E. Sheaffer Barry L. Crawford Kathryn C. Hinkley Therese D. McGee Frederic L. Shean, Jr. Sherry L. Crawford Darin A. Hintz Amy R. McKnight Daniel E. Sheres James A. Crelling Julia M. Hirzel Chris A. McNeil Robert J. Shultz Scott W. Cumming Heidi L. Hoffower Thomas K. McNerney Stacy Ann Silcox Thomas J. Danielson Justin D. Holl Jason R. Meek Regina J. Slape-Law Brian J. Darby Brenna E. Holt Jack W. Miles David J. Dariano Sarah R. Hoover Jeffery T. Miller Charlotte T. Deason Rachael C. Howse Jonson W. Miller Sherland R. Decker, Jr. Jeremiah B. Hubeny Gregory A. Dehn

30 GSA TODAY, November 1997 Call for Papers Planetary Geoscience Student Paper Award

The Award Planetary geologist Stephen E. Dwornik established the award in 1991 to provide encouragement, motivation, and recognition to outstanding future scientists. Two awards are given annually, one for the best oral presentation, the other for the best poster presenta- tion, each winner receiving a citation and $500. The program is administered through the Planetary Geology Division of the Geological Society of America. The GSA Foundation manages the award fund. For further details, see http://www.planetary.brown.edu/ ~crumpler/Dwornik_Award.html. Criteria The Dwornik Student Paper Award applies to papers presented at the annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference held each March in Houston. Student applicants must be (1) the senior author of the abstract (the paper may be presented orally or in a poster session); (2) a U.S. citizen; and (3) enrolled in a college or university, at any level of their education, in the field of planetary geosciences. Papers will be judged on the quality of the scientific contributions, including methods and results; clarity of material presented; and methods of delivery, oral or display. To Apply The application form and instructions are found in the Call for Papers for the 29th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, March 16–20, 1998, to be held in Houston, Texas. For further information contact Program Services Division, Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058-1113, phone (281) 486-2158, e-mail: [email protected]. Web: http://cas.jsc.nasa.gov/meet- ings/LPSC98/. Only one abstract per student will be considered. Deadline: January 9, 1998, for mailed abstracts; January 16, 1998, for electronic submissions.

1997 This multidisciplinary case histories volume presents thework of professionals who investigated catastrophic damage caused by the 1992–1993 winter storms in southern California and Arizona. Papers in this volume discuss topics such as: why severe winter storms occur and how the resulting floods fit into the context of the geological record; flood-damaged infrastructure development and mining operations in river channels; storm damage to four counties in southern California; ground settlement intensified by rising ground-water caused by infil- trating rain and the subsequent litigation; warning the public of imminent debris- flow hazards and how to set the moisture and rainfall thresholds that must be reached to issue a warning; and major infiltrating-rainfall-activated landslides that damaged homes in southern California. REG011, 132 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-4111-4, $60.00, Member price $48.00

GSA Publication Sales P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 • (303) 447-2020 1-800-472-1988 fax 303-447-1133, [email protected] www.geosociety.org

GSA TODAY, November 1997 31 VOLUME 25 November BULLETIN and NO. 11 P. 961Ð1056 GEOLOGY Contents NOVEMBER 1997 963 High-resolution records of the late Paleocene thermal maximum and circum-Caribbean volcanism: Is there a causal link? The Geological Society of America T. J. Bralower, D. J. Thomas, J. C. Zachos, M. M. Hirschmann, U. Röhl, H. Sigurdsson, E. Thomas, D. L. Whitney 967 Diamonds from the Popigai impact structure, Russia Christian Koeberl, Victor L. Masaitis, George I. Shafranovsky, Iain Gilmour, Volume 109, Number 11, November 1997 Falko Langenhorst, Marcus Schrauder 971 Thickness of sets of cross strata and planar strata as a function of formative bed-wave geometry and migration, and aggradation rate CONTENTS John S. Bridge 1389Ð1401 Structural kinematics and depositional history of a Laramide uplift- 975 Cosmogenic dating ranging from 20 to 700 ka of a series of alluvial basin pair in southern New Mexico: Implications for development fan surfaces affected by the El Tigre fault, Argentina Lionel L. Siame, Didier L. Bourlès, Michel Sébrier, Olivier Bellier, Juan Carlos of intraforeland basins Castano, Mario Araujo, Miguel Perez, Grant M. Raisbeck, Françoise Yiou William R. Seager, Greg H. Mack, and Timothy F. Lawton 979 Seismicity of the Bering Strait region: Evidence for a Bering block Kevin G. Mackey, Kazuya Fujita, Larissa V. Gunbina, Valentin N. Kovalev, Valery S. 1402Ð1420 Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks of Stikinia exposed in northwestern Imaev, Boris M. Koz’min, Ludmilla P. Imaeva British Columbia: Implications for correlations in the northern Cordillera Lisel D. Currie and Randall R. Parrish 983 Growth of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath Zimbabwe started at or before 3.8 Ga: Re-Os study on chromites Th. F. Nägler, J. D. Kramers, B. S. Kamber, R. Frei, M. D. A. Prendergast 1421Ð1442 Mid-Cretaceous strontium-isotope stratigraphy of deep-sea sections T. J. Bralower, P. D. Fullagar, C. K. Paull, G. S. Dwyer, and 987 Terrestrial record of Laurentide Ice Sheet reorganization during Heinrich events R. M. Leckie Howard D. Mooers, J. D. Lehr Chronology of Pleistocene glacial advances in the central 991 Dawn of echinoid nonplanktotrophy: Coordinated shifts in develop- 1443Ð1452 ment indicate environmental instability prior to the K-T boundary Rocky Mountains Charlotte H. Jeffery Oliver A. Chadwick, Robert D. Hall, and Fred M. Phillips 995 Quartz-sillimanite leucosomes in high-grade schists, Black Hills, 36 10 South Dakota: A perspective on the mobility of Al in high-grade 1453Ð1463 Cosmogenic Cl and Be ages of Quaternary glacial and fluvial metamorphic rocks deposits of the Wind River Range, Wyoming Peter I. Nabelek Fred M. Phillips, Marek G. Zreda, John C. Gosse, Jeffrey Klein, 999 Tree-ring evidence for an A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake in Edward B. Evenson, Robert D. Hall, Oliver A. Chadwick, and Washington and northern Oregon Pankaj Sharma Gordon C. Jacoby, Daniel E. Bunker, Boyd E. Benson 1003 Pedogenically enhanced magnetic susceptibility variations preserved 1464Ð1484 Jurassic magmatism and sedimentation in the Palen Mountains, south- in Paleozoic loessite eastern California: Implications for regional tectonic controls on the G. S. Soreghan, R. D. Elmore, B. Katz, M. Cogoini, S. Banerjee Mesozoic continental arc 1007 Translation of terranes: Lessons from central Baja California, Mexico Benjamin N. Fackler-Adams, Cathy J. Busby, and James M. Mattinson Paul J. Umhoefer, Rebecca J. Dorsey Sequence stratigraphic interpretations in the southern Dead Sea 1011 Tectonic control on sea-floor relief and the localization of Lower 1485Ð1501 Mississippian Waulsortian mounds, New Mexico basin, Israel David L. Jeffery Istvan Csato, Christopher G. St. C. Kendall, Alan E. M. Nairn, and Gerald R. Baum 1015 Pb isotopes of granitoids suggest Devonian accretion of Yangtze (South China) craton to North China craton Hong-Fei Zhang, Shan Gao, Ben-Ren Zhang, Ting-Chuan Luo, Wen-Li Lin 1502Ð1513 Variable deep structure of a midcontinent fault and fold zone from seismic reflection: La Salle deformation belt, Illinois basin 1019 Diamonds from the iridium-rich K-T boundary layer at Arroyo el Mimbral, Tamaulipas, Mexico John H. McBride R. M. Hough, I. Gilmour, C. T. Pillinger, F. Langenhorst, A. Montanari Erratum 1023 Core complex development in central Anatolia, Turkey 1514 Donna L. Whitney, Yıldırım Dilek 1027 Erosional origin of hummocky terrain in south-central Alberta, Canada Mandy Munro, John Shaw 1031 Silica-replaced fossils through the Phanerozoic MOVING? Don’t risk missing a single issue of Jennifer K. Schubert, David L. Kidder, Douglas H. Erwin GSA Today or other publications! If you’re planning on 1035 Role of fluids in the origin of Tertiary European intraplate changing your address, simply write in your new volcanism: Evidence from O, H, and Sr isotopes in melilitites address and mail this coupon along with your sub- E. Hegner, T. W. Vennemann scription mailing label (use label from this newsletter) 1039 Early Cambrian paleogeography and tectonic history: to: GSA, Membership Services, P.O. Box 9140, Boul- A biogeographic approach der, CO 80301-9140. Or you may call with your change of address Bruce S. Lieberman information— (303) 447-2020 or 1-800-472-1988 or e-mail us at mem- 1043 Mechanisms of crustal accretion in Iceland [email protected]. Björn S. Hardarson, J. Godfrey Fitton (Report address changes at least six weeks in advance. If possible, give us your 1047 Wrinkle structures: Microbially mediated sedimentary structures change of address by the tenth of the month.) common in subtidal siliciclastic settings at the Proterozoic- Phanerozoic transition PLEASE PRINT James W. Hagadorn, David J. Bottjer

Name ______Forum 1051 Vertical axis rotations in the Mojave: Evidence from the Address ______Independence dike swarm Comment: Keith A. Howard, R. Forrest Hopson Reply: Hagai Ron, Amos Nur ______1053 18O/16O homogenization of the middle crust during anatexis: City ______The Thor-Odin metamorphic core complex, British Columbia Comment: Georges Beaudoin, Bruce E. Taylor Reply: Gregory J. Holk, Hugh P. Taylor, Jr. State/ZIP/Country ______1055 On the identification of textural disequilibrium in rocks using Phone (business hours) ______dihedral angle measurements Comment: Ron H. Vernon Reply: Michael T. Elliott, Michael J. Cheadle I do not wish to have this number in the Membership Directory. 1056 Modeling carbonate platform sedimentation—Lag comes naturally: Correction Change my voting section to: ______1056 Sizing information for Geology manuscripts

32 GSA TODAY, November 1997 he 1957 Gobi- The ancient, boreal Eva forest, buried in frozen loess of the sub- Altay earthquake arctic, forms the centerpiece in this evaluation of the time and Tis the last major nature of the environment during an interglaciation warmer earthquake (M ~ 8) to than that of the present. This book brings together results of occur in a continental examination of hundreds of loess exposures over the past 50 region. The full comple- years, when loess faces were still frozen in gold-mining excava- ment of processes that tions, and new data on the character and age of the deposits distinguishes continental from fission-track dating of tephra, paleomagnetism of the tectonics from plate tec- loess, thermoluminescence dating of loess, and new radiocar- tonics-internal deforma- bon dating by liquid scintillation. Dendrochronology studies of tion of blocks, conjugate trees and 13C/12C isotopic ratios of wood from the Eva forest faulting, variations in bed are compared to amounts of slip along those from trees of the faults, block rotations modern boreal forest. about vertical axes, base- This last interglaciation ment folding, and even of 125,000 years ago is the formation of new faults demonstrated for the (through fault-bend folding at the earth's surface)-occurred in first time to be a period 1957 and remain clearly exposed in the arid environment of of major erosion of the Gobi-Altay. Because of the variety of styles and the extent loess and deep and SPE319 of deformation, the sub-parallel surface ruptures, ~25 km apart, rapid thawing of per- 52 p. provide a microcosm of intracontinental mountain building at mafrost, followed by ISBN 0-8137-2319-1 a large scale. emplacement of the $36.00 SPE320, 160 p., ISBN 0-8137-2320-5, $69.00, Member price $55.20 Eva forest bed. During Member price Special Paper volumes are 8-1/2" x 11" paperback. the past 100,000 years, $28.80 Prices include ordinary shipping and handling. the treeless steppe Publication Sales, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 environment returned 303-447-2020, fax 303-447-1133 and the deposits were refrozen. 1-800-472-1988 www.geosociety.org

COMMEMORATIVE A GREAT CALENDAR celebrating Geology’s 25th anniversary Each month displays one of the GIFT! geologically interesting, and beautiful, covers from Geology. Various GSA deadlines and meeting dates are listed, but there is still plenty of space for you to keep track of your own activities. ORDER TODAY! Quantities are limited. Your purchase helps support the GSA Student Research Grants Program! 1998 CLN098, 9" x 12", $7.00 net January NO ADDITIONAL DISCOUNTS APPLY Prepayment is required. Price includes shipping & handling. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday 1-800-472-1988 45 6 7 FAX 303-447-1133 • 303-447-2020 www.geosociety.org 11 12 13 14 GSA Publication Sales, P.O.Box 9140 18 19 20 21 Boulder, CO 80301 USA [email protected] 25 26 27

photo by O. S. Savoskul and Y. D. Muraviev CALENDAR GSA SECTION MEETINGS—1998

Only new or changed information is published in GSA Today. A com- NORTHEASTERN SECTION, March 19–21, Holiday Inn plete listing can be found in the Calendar section on the Internet: by the Bay, Portland, Maine. Submit abstracts to: Marc C. Loiselle, http://www.geosociety.org. Maine Geological Survey, 22 State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333-0022, (207) 287-2801, [email protected]. 1998 Penrose Conferences Abstracts Deadline: November 14, 1997. May March 19–20, Ohio State May 14–18, Linking Spatial and Temporal Scales in Paleoecology NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION, and Ecology, Solomons, Maryland. Information: Andrew S. Cohen, Dept. University, Columbus, Ohio. Submit abstracts to: David H. Elliot, of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, (520) 621-4691, Dept. of Geological Sciences, Ohio State University, 125 South fax 520-621-2672, [email protected]. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, (614) 292-5076, delliot@mag- nus.acx.ohio-state.edu. Abstracts Deadline: November 14, 1997. June June 4–12, Evolution of Ocean Island Volcanoes, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Information: Dennis Geist, Dept. of Geology, University of Idaho, SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION, March 23–24, OU Continuing Moscow, ID 83844, (208) 885-6491, fax 208-885-5724, [email protected]. Education Center, Norman, Oklahoma. Submit abstracts to: Judson Ahern, School of Geology & Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, July July 4–11, Processes of Crustal Differentiation: Crust-Mantle Interac- 100 E. Boyd St., Suite 810, Norman, OK 73019-0628, (405) tions, Melting, and Granite Migration Through the Crust, Verbania, 325-3253, [email protected]. Abstracts Deadline: December 1, 1997. Italy. Information: Tracy Rushmer, Dept. of Geology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, (802) 656-8136, fax 802-656-0045, SOUTHEASTERN SECTION, March 30–31, Embassy Suites, [email protected]. Charleston, West Virginia. Submit abstracts to: Peter Lessing, WV September Geological & Economic Survey, P.O. Box 879, Morgantown, WV Late September, Ophiolites and Oceanic Crust: New Insights from 26507-0879, (304) 594-2321, [email protected]. Field Studies and Ocean Drilling Program, northern California. Informa- Abstracts Deadline: November 21, 1997. tion: Yildirim Dilek, Dept. of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, (513) 529-2212, fax 513-529-1542, [email protected]. CORDILLERAN SECTION, April 7–9, California State University, Long Beach, California. Submit abstracts to: James C. Sample, Dept. 1998 Meetings of Geological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA April 90840, (562) 985-4589, [email protected]. Abstracts Deadline: April 9–10, Michigan Geological Survey Division 5th Symposium on December 12, 1997. the Geology of Michigan, Lansing, Michigan. Information: Michigan Geo- logical Survey Division, P.O. Box 30256, Lansing, MI 48909, Ray Vugrinovich, ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION, May 25–26, Northern Arizona (517) 334-6937, fax 517-334-6919, [email protected]. University, Flagstaff, Arizona. Submit abstracts to: Wendell Duffield, April 17–19, Mid-America Paleontology Society National Fossil Exposi- U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 Gemini Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, tion, Macomb, Illinois. Information: Tom Witherspoon, 6611 Miller Rd., Dear- (520) 556-7205, [email protected]. Abstracts Deadline: born, MI 48126-1915. January 8, 1998. May May 11–14, Yellowstone National Park and Montana State University Symposium, Bozeman, Montana. Information: Carolyn Manley, Mountain Research Center, P.O. Box 173490, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3490, (406) 994-5178, fax 406-994-5122, GSA Student Associate Member [email protected]. September TRAVEL GRANTS September 5–7, American Quaternary Association (AMQUA) 15th Biennial Meeting, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. Information: Socorro Lozano Garcia, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, The GSA Foundation has awarded $4,000 grants to each of the Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-296, 04510, México D.F., Mexico, six GSA sections. The money, when combined with equal funds fax 52-5-550-6644. from the sections, is used to assist GSA undergraduate Student Associates, as well as graduate Student Members, traveling to Send notices of meetings of general interest, in format above, to Editor, GSA Today, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, e-mail: [email protected]. GSA meetings. For information and deadlines, contact your sec- tion secretary.

Cordilleran—Bruce Blackerby, Annual Meeting Sponsors (209) 278-2955, [email protected]

The following companies have generously donated funds or Rocky Mountain—Kenneth Kolm, services that helped support the 1997 GSA Annual Meeting in (303) 273-3932. [email protected] Salt Lake City. GSA appreciates their support and thanks these companies. North-Central—Robert Diffendal, Jr., Exxon (402) 472-7546, [email protected] GSA International Division Awards Fund Northeastern—Kenneth Weaver, Geological Association of Canada (410) 554-5532, [email protected] Micromass South-Central—Rena Bonem, Salt Lake Convention and Visitors Bureau (817) 755-2361, [email protected] Wadsworth Publishing Company/ITP WCB/McGraw-Hill Southeastern—Harold Stowell, (205) 348-5098, [email protected] Worth Publishers and W. H. Freeman and Company

34 GSA TODAY, November 1997 October 26–29 • Metro Toronto Convention Centre • Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel 1998 Annual Meeting Field Trips The 1998 GSA Annual Meeting in Toronto will provide an TORONTOTORONTO exciting set of field trips. The theme of the meeting, “Assembly of a Continent,” is in part a reference to the focus on the Canadian 1998 Annual Meeting Lithoprobe program that will be highlighted by GSA 1998. Two General Chairs: Jeffrey J. Fawcett, University of Toronto, transects and two other excursions through the Grenville Peter von Bitter, Royal Ontario Museum province of the Precambrian shield will be directly related to Lithoprobe seismic transects. Scientists involved in the Paleozoic Technical Program Chairs: paleontology and stratigraphy will provide several trips that will Denis M. Shaw, Dept. of Geology, McMaster University, show the world some of their most recent, even current, results. Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada, Southern Ontario is a major population center, and hydrology, [email protected] environmental geology, Quaternary geology, and geomorphology Andrew Miall, Dept. of Geology, University of Toronto, 22 Russell are important public as well as scientific concerns. Several trips St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada, will provide an opportunity to discover the results of the work [email protected] done in response to these concerns. One of them will focus on Due date for symposia and theme proposals: January 2, 1998 the Oak Ridges moraine, a massive accumulation of mid-conti- Call for Field Trip Proposals: nental glacial sediments that dominate the north shore of Lake We are interested in proposals for single-day and multi-day field Ontario. The Niagara escarpment, another spectacular geomor- trips beginning or ending in Toronto, and dealing with all aspects phologic feature of southern Ontario, will also be featured in of the geosciences. Please contact the Field Trip Chairs listed below. many of the trips. A Niagara Falls trip will explore their impor- tance in the history of geological thought. Come, learn, or Pierre Robin, Dept. of Geology, University of Toronto, Erindale update your knowledge about the geology of this part of North Campus, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada, America. Most trips, but not all, will begin and end in Toronto. [email protected] The following list of trips is tentative and subject to change. Henry Halls, Dept. of Geology, University of Toronto, Erindale Further details will be given in the April issue of GSA Today. Campus, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada, Chert, Corn, Environmental Change, and Prehistoric [email protected] Land Clearance: Three Geoarchaeological Studies on the Niagara Escarpment. Ronald F. Williamson, Peter L. Storck, TORONTO MINI-CALENDAR and Robert I. MacDonald. 1997 From Front to Interior: A Southern Ontario Transect of November 1—Theme Proposal Information in November GSA Today. the Grenville Province from Sudbury, Ontario, to the Electronic Theme/Symposia Proposal Form Available on the GSA Web Site Adirondacks, New York. J. A. Davidson and Mike Easton. December 1—Continuing Education Proposals Due to GSA Geology of the Grenville Central Metasedimentary Belt of Ontario and Quebec. Mike Easton and Louise Corriveau. 1998 Ground-water Experimental Field Sites at the Base January 2—Theme and Symposia Proposals Due to Technical Program Chair Borden Research Site and Other Sites of Interest in April 1—Call for Papers Published and Distributed the Waterloo Area. Dave Rudolph. May 1—Electronic Abstract Submittal Form Available on GSA Web Site History of Geology Trip to Niagara Falls. Keith Tinkler. June 1—Registration and Lodging Information printed in June GSA Today Hydrogeology and Late Quaternary History of Point July 13—Abstracts Deadline Pelée National Park, Ontario. Allan Crowe, John Coakley, September 13—Preregistration and Housing Deadline and C. J. Ptacek. Late Grenvillian Horizontal Extension and Vertical Thinning of Proterozoic Gneisses, Central Ontario. Wilfried M. Schwerdtner. CALL FOR Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Coal Geology. Cortland Eble CONTINUING EDUCATION and Blaine Cecil. Regional Quaternary Geology and Hydrogeology of COURSE PROPOSALS the Oak Ridges Moraine Area–Greater Toronto Area, Due December 1, 1997 Southern Ontario. D. Sharpe, P. Barnett, H. Russel, L. Dyke, The GSA Committee on Continuing Education invites M. Hinton, R. Gerber, and T. Brennand. those interested in proposing a GSA-sponsored or cospon- Silurian and Devonian Stratigraphy of the Niagara Escarpment. Carlton Brett and Brian Pratt. sored course or workshop to contact GSA headquarters for Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Paleocommunities of proposal guidelines. Continuing Education courses may be the Black River and Trenton Limestone Groups (Ordo- conducted in conjunction with all GSA annual or section vician), East of Lake Simcoe, Ontario. Mike Brookfield, meetings. We are particularly interested in receiving proposals El Gadi, Derek Armstrong, Dave Rudkin, and Carlton Brett. for the 1998 Toronto Annual Meeting or the 1999 Denver Sponsored by the Society of Economic Geologists— Annual Meeting. Western Quebec Grenville Transect. Jacques Martignole. Proposals must be received by December 1, 1997. Gold Deposits of Northern Sonora Mexico. Kenneth F. Clark. Selection of courses for 1998 will be made by February 1, 1998. For those planning ahead, we will also consider For further information, contact 1998 Field Trip Co-Chairs courses for 1999 at that time. Pierre-Yves F. Robin, (905) 828-5419, fax 905-828-3717, [email protected], and Henry Halls, (905) 828-5363, For proposal guidelines or information, contact: fax 905-828-3717, [email protected], both at Dept. of Edna Collis, Continuing Education Coordinator, GSA head- Geology and Erindale College, University of Toronto, 3359 quarters, 1-800-472-1988, ext. 134, [email protected]. Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada. ■

GSA TODAY, November 1997 35 Memories … The 1997 GSA GeoVentures Program offered five programs unrelated to the annual or section meetings. The total of 125 participants, ranging in age from 20 to 79, represented a vast range of interests and backgrounds. This educational program serves professionals who enjoy their geology and the company of other geologists in a field setting. GeoVentures are a special benefit created for members, but are open to guests and friends also. GeoVentures is the overall name for adult educational and adventure experiences of two kinds: GeoHostels and GeoTrips. Both are known for superior scientific leadership. Fees for both are low to moderate (relative to the destination, length, time of year, and number of participants). GeoHos- tels are usually five-day, campus-based programs. GeoTrips are anywhere from one to three weeks in length, and the itinerary covers a wide variety of destinations.

GeoTrip Italy’s Volcanoes 17 participants • May 9–21, 1997 Leaders: Haraldur Sigurdsson, Graduate School of Oceanogra- phy, University of Rhode Island Mauro Rosi, Department of Geology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy “Our trip to Italy with Haraldur and Mauro was outstanding. Even my wife, Jan, who seldom accompanies me on geological tours, concurs. I liked the length, emphasis, places visited, lodging, and food. Don’t change a thing,” said Dave MacKenzie of Denver, Colorado. Italy Gang. Photo courtesy of Giles Allard.

GeoTrip Arches, Canyonlands, and Cataract Canyon 18 participants • May 30–June 7, 1997 Leader: Jack Campbell, Department of Geology, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado “The best geology and maybe the best trip ever! No worries, great sites, geology, and food!” wrote Mike and Mingo Galenski, Thornton, Pennsylvania. Canyonlands gang. Photo by Sue Tanges.

GeoHostel Geology and the Monsoon: Sky Islands and Mining Camps of Southeastern Arizona 23 participants • August 2–7, 1997 Leaders: Timothy Lawton and Nancy McMillan, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces

“Tim and Nancy did an outstanding job presenting the Sky Islands gang. Photo by Nancy McMillan. geology, selecting sites, and keeping everything organized. They should be encouraged to lead more GeoHostels,” wrote Bob Beringer, Ventura, California.

36 GSA TODAY, November 1997 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or can- Hiring will be at the academic rank of assistant or asso- ally participate in the Ohio State University Environmental cellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office one ciate professor, depending on qualifications. Review of Sciences initiative. month prior. Contact Advertising Department (303) applicants will begin on 1 January 1998 and will continue To apply, send a curriculum vitae, statements of 447-2020, 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, or until the position is filled. research and teaching interests, and names of three refer- e-mail:[email protected]. Please include complete Applicants should send a curriculum vitae and the ees to Search Committee Chair, Department of Geological address, phone number, and e-mail address with all corre- names and e-mail addresses of three referees to: Eric H. Sciences, 155 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210. spondence. Christiansen, Faculty Search Committee, Department of The search committee will begin reviewing applications Geology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 (e- January 1, 1998, and continue until a suitable candidate is Per line mail: [email protected]). hired. The Ohio State University is an Equal Opportunity, Per Line for each BYU is an equal opportunity employer. Preference is Affirmative Action Employer. Women and minorities, Viet- for addt'l month given to members of the sponsoring Church of Jesus nam-era veterans, and disabled veterans and individuals Classification 1st month (same ad) Christ of Latter Day Saints. with disabilities are encouraged to apply. Situations Wanted $1.75 $1.40 Positions Open $6.50 $5.50 FACULTY POSITION WESTERN OREGON UNIVERSITY Consultants $6.50 $5.50 ENVIRONMENTAL STABLE ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY The Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Services & Supplies $6.50 $5.50 Geological Sciences / Ohio State University announces the availability of two tenure-track, Assistant Opportunities for Students The Department of Geological Sciences invites applica- Professor positions in Geology to begin September 16, first 25 lines $0.00 $2.35 tions for one tenure-track position at the assistant profes- 1998. Each position requires a Ph.D. in Geology in the additional lines $1.35 $2.35 sor level, or higher, to begin as early as September 1998. designated specialty area. Candidates must demonstrate a Code number: $2.75 extra A Ph.D. in geological sciences or related field is required. strong commitment to teaching, conducting field trips and Candidates should have a strong record of funded research at the undergraduate level. Evidence of published Agencies and organizations may submit purchase order or research, refereed publications, a commitment to teaching, research and computer expertise is highly desirable. payment with copy. Individuals must send prepayment and collaboration with colleagues in other areas of special- Position #1 requires a specialization in volcanology or with copy. To estimate cost, count 54 characters per line, ization. The successful candidate will be expected to petrology to teach introductory geology and upper-division including all punctuation and blank spaces. Actual cost develop an independent research program in paleoclimatic courses in mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, and may differ if you use capitals, centered copy, or special reconstruction, work closely with the Ohio State ice-core mineral resources. characters. paleoclimate research program (including the elemental Position #2 requires a specialization in paleontology and isotopic composition of trapped gases in ice cores or with research interest in the Pacific Northwest to teach atmospheric isotope geochemistry), and participate introductory earth science and upper-division courses in Positions Open broadly with Department research programs. Teaching will paleontology, sedimentation, and stratigraphy. involve courses at introductory and advanced levels. Application: send application letter, curriculum vitae, TENURE-TRACK POSITION The Department of Geological Sciences has 24 full- three current letters of reference and graduate transcripts BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY time faculty and approximately 70 graduate students. The by December 15, 1997, to: Dr. Arlene Courtney, Chair, The Department of Geology at BYU invites applications Department is well equipped with laboratory and comput- Natural Sciences and Mathematics Division, Western Ore- for a tenure-track position beginning 1 September 1998. ing equipment and is occupying newly renovated labora- gon University, Monmouth, OR 97361, (503) 838-8206, The successful candidate will have a Ph.D., dedication tory, classroom, and office space. The successful candi- fax 503-838-8072. to excellent teaching, and demonstrated research ability. date will be expected to maintain strong research ties with An affirmative action, equal opportunity employer, Specializations to be considered include structural geol- the Byrd Polar Research Center and with faculty in Geo- Western Oregon University encourages applications from ogy/tectonics (including seismic interpretation), logical Sciences and other departments and disciplines, women, persons from culturally diverse backgrounds, and igneous/metamorphic petrology, quantitative geomorphol- e.g., Department of Chemistry and Atmospheric Sciences. individuals with disabilities. ogy/GIS-GPS. A candidate with experience in two of these Also,the successful candidate will be expected to gener- fields is strongly preferred. Classifieds continued on p. 38

GeoHostel Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier 31 participants • June 21–26, 1997 Leaders: Richard B. Waitt, U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory Patrick T. Pringle, Washington Department of Natural Resources “Both leaders were excellent with geology and with people,” wrote Dan Barker of Austin, Texas. Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier Gang. Photo by Edna Collis.

GeoHostel Geology of the Yellowstone- Beartooth Country, Montana and Wyoming 35 participants • July 19–24, 1997 Leaders: Robert Thomas and Sheila Roberts, Western Montana College, Dillon “Rob and Sheila did an excellent job—even the non- Yellowstone gang. geologists (like me) learned in spite of ourselves,” commented Pat Photo by passing tourist. Scott, Red Bluff, California.

GSA TODAY, November 1997 37 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING continued from p. 37

FACULTY POSITIONS apply. Applicants should send a complete resume (includ- FACULTY POSITION IN GROUND-WATER HYDROGEOLOGY ing a bibliography and statement of teaching and research NEOTECTONICS / STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND VOLCANOLOGY interests) and have three letters of recommendation sent SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO to: Dr. Richard G. Baker, Search Committee Chair, The Department of Geosciences invites applications for a The Department of Geology invites applications for two Department of Geology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, tenure-track faculty position at the assistant professor tenure-track faculty positions in hydrogeology and vol- Iowa 52242-1379 (phone: 319-335-1827; fax: 319-335- level in Neotectonics/Structural Geology, beginning in canology at the Assistant Professor level starting Septem- 1821; e-mail rgbaker@blue. weeg.iuowa.edu). Final eval- August 1998. The position requires a Ph.D. in geology ber 1998. The successful candidates will demonstrate a uation of the applicants will begin on December 1, 1997, and a strong commitment to excellence in both teaching potential for research which will complement our existing and continue until the position is filled. The University of and research. Some background in teaching is necessary programs in environmental geology and volcanology. Iowa is an affirmative action-equal opportunity employer. and experience in industry or government agency in engi- Teaching duties for the hydrogeology position will involve neering geology is required. The successful candidate will hydrogeology courses at the undergraduate and graduate ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, GEOLOGY have prime responsibility for teaching undergraduate and levels. Teaching duties for the volcanology position could BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, MUNCIE, INDIANA graduate courses in structural geology, neotectonics and be in the area of undergraduate geophysics, petrology or Tenure-track position available August 21, 1998, with plate tectonics, and will share responsibility for courses in structural geology, with resarch that focuses on active vol- interests in environmental geochemistry/geology. Respon- engineering geology. We seek someone to work with local canoes. The salary and the initial University contribution to sibilities include: teaching courses in ground water geo- environmental firms and agencies and to assist in expand- the candidates' research equipment will be very attractive. chemistry or sedimentary petrology/stratigraphy, and envi- ing our new graduate program in Applied Geosciences. Successful candidates must have the Ph.D. degree as of ronmental field methods along with courses in general To apply, send curriculum vitae including a statement the date of appointment. Apply with a statement of teach- education, such as physical or environmental geology and of teaching and research interests, and names and ing and research goals and a curriculum vitae, including oceanography, developing a program of reserach; advis- addresses of three references to: John Monteverdi, published research, grant support, and names of at least ing student research at graduate and undergraduate lev- Department of Geosciences, San Francisco State Univer- three references to: Dr. John C. Fountain, Chair, Search els. Area of research is open but should enhance the sity, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132. Committee, Department of Geology, State University of department's offerings and research in the above areas or Applications must be postmarked by January 15, 1998. New York at Buffalo, 876 Natural Sciences Complex, Buf- combined with engineering geology, glacial deposits, For more information, contact the Department of Geo- falo, NY 14260-3050. We will begin evaluating applicants karst, paleoclimatology, or geoscience education. Addi- sciences web site, http://tornado.sfsu.edu/geosciences/ on December 20, 1997. tional information about the position may be obtained by geosciences.html. The State University of New York is an Equal Opportu- communicating through the web site (http://www.geol- San Francisco State University is an Equal Opportu- nity/Affirmative Action Employer and encourages applica- ogy.bsu. edu) or by visiting with department faculty at nity/Affirmative Action employer. tions from women and minorities. GSA in Salt Lake City. Minimum qualifications: doctoral degree; ABD's will be considered if all requirements for ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENTIST TENURE-TRACK FACULTY POSITION IN the Ph.D. are met by August 21, 1998; some college AMHERST COLLEGE HYDROGEOLOGICAL SCIENCES teaching and/or professional experience with teaching The Department of Geology at Amherst College seeks DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES interest in geochemistry or sedimentary petrology/stratig- applications for a tenure-track position at the level of THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY raphy and environmental field methods. Preferred qualifi- Assistant Professor, to begin in the fall semester of 1998. The Department of Geosciences at Penn State seeks an cations: doctorate in geology with specialty in environmen- Possible fields of expertise include one or more of the fol- individual in the field of hydrogeology, for a tenure-track tal geochemistry; demonstrated teaching abilities and lowing: aqueous geochemistry, biogeochemistry, glacial faculty position to be filled at any level. Rank, salary, and effective interaction with other faculty and students on geomorphology, hydrogeology, paleoclimatology, paleo- tenure-status will be commensurate with prior experience individual projects and research; records supporting qual- ecology, and/or surficial geology. Teaching responsibilities and qualifications. ity of teaching, research, and/or professional performance; will include participation in the Department's introductory We seek an outstanding scientist and educator in any interest in teaching in several of the areas listed above courses, an intermediate-level course that focuses on area of hydrogeology which emphasizes subsurface fluid and in the summer five-week field mapping course cur- environmental and surficial processes, and an advanced flow. Examples of interest include, but are not restricted rently taught in South Dakota and Wyoming; experience level undergraduate course in the candidate's specialty. to, contaminant transport, basinal fluid flow, multi-phase and knowledge in geoscience education methods. Send Amherst College has opportunities to teach in interdisci- flow, fluid-flow/tectonics interactions, unsaturated zone statement of teaching and research interests, including plinary programs. Geology faculty also supervise under- flow, and hydraulic properties and their scaling relation- specific courses of interest and ways that research might graduate research projects. ships.We are particularly interested in individuals whose be developed to include students, especially undergradu- Candidates should have a strong interest in undergrad- research couples observation with theory, and whose ates; vitae; names of at least three references; and tran- uate teaching as well as an ongoing program of research. research is of both an applied and fundamental nature. script of highest degree earned to: Chairperson of Search A Ph.D. is required and post-doctoral experience is desir- The successful candidate will join a large, dynamic and Committee, Department of Geology, Ball State University, able. well-equipped department dedicated to innovative teach- Muncie, IN 47306. Review of applications will begin Amherst College provides competitive start-up funds in ing and research, which seeks a national and international December 3, 1997, and continue until the position is filled. support of research. In addition, if the successful candi- leadership role in Hydrosciences. Opportunities exist for Ball State University is an equal opportunity, affirmative date is a woman, she will be appointed the Clare Boothe campus-wide collaborative research and teaching in the action employer and is strongly and actively committed to Luce Assistant Professor of Geology. Through the gen- Hydrosciences. Apppointment as an affiliate of the Earth diversity within its community. erosity of the Henry Luce Foundation, and under the System Science Center and the Center for Environmental terms of the will of Clare Boothe Luce, Amherst is able to Chemistry and Geochemistry are possible. CHAIR, GEOSCIENCES offer dedicated research support to the Clare Boothe Luce Applicants should demonstrate a history of, or potential UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA-LINCOLN Professor for a period of five years. for, funded research and high-quality teaching. A Ph.D. is The Department of Geosciences, University of Nebraska- Submit a resume, three letters of recommendation, and required at the time of appointment. Applications should Lincoln, invites applications and nominations for the posi- a brief statement of your research interests to: Professor include a complete resume, examples of published work, tion of department chair. The successful candidate will be Tekla A. Harms, Department of Geology, Amherst College, a statement outlining teaching and research interests and responsible for promoting the growth and stature of the Amherst, MA 01002-5000 ([email protected]). Review the names and addresses of at least four (4) individuals department, budgetary and personnel matters, developing of applications will begin on January 1, 1998, but applica- who could provide references. Send application materials teaching schedules, and alumni development. The chair tions will be accepted until a pool of qualified candidates is to: Head, Department of Geosciences, 503 Deike Bldg., must also guide the instructional and outreach activities of identified. Amherst College is an equal opportunity/affirma- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA the department, and provide appropriate service to the tive action employer. Women, minorities, and persons with 16802. University. The successful candidate should be a senior disabilities are particularly encouraged to apply. The search process begins immediately and will con- geoscientist with a record of internationally recognized, tinue until suitable candidates are identified. externally funded research. Evidence of effective leader- SURFICIAL PROCESSES An Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer. ship in academic administration or in funding agencies will INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT Women and minorities are encouraged to apply. be a positive factor. Candidates should have a research BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY specialty that bridges departmental strengths in hydroge- The Department of Geology seeks to fill a tenure-track VISITING POSITION IN QUATERNARY SOILS ology, meteorology and climatology, micropaleontology, position in surficial processes and information systems UNIVERSITY OF IOWA Quaternary geology and geomorphology, remote sensing management starting in August 1998. Areas of specializa- The Department of Geology, University of Iowa, seeks a and GIS, sedimentology, and vertebrate paleontology. tion are open, but coastal geomorphology, glacial geomor- Visiting Professor, who is an outstanding teacher and Screening of applications will begin on December 15, phology, and pedology fit well with existing department researcher in the area of Quaternary studies, with focus 1997, and continue until the position is filled. Potential strengths. Teaching assignments might include introduc- on soils and associated surficial materials. The appoint- candidates should send a letter of interest, curriculum tory classes, geomorphology, and a graduate-level class ment will begin in August 1998 and extend for 2 years, vitae, and the names of 5 references. Send nominations in the candidate's specialty. In addition, participation in the with the possibility of starting January 1998 for 2.5 years. and applications to: Dr. Richard M. Kettler, Department summer geology field camp course would be desirable. Teaching responsibilities will involve at least four courses Chair Search, College of Arts and Sciences, 1223 Oldfa- The successful candidate would also be expected to per year. These will include two upper-level undergradu- ther Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE maintain an active research program, supervise M.S. the- ate/graduate courses: Modern and Ancient Soils, and 68588-0312. Phone: (402) 472- 2663; fax: 402-472-4917; sis projects, and contribute to the department's program in Glacial and Pleistocene Geology, and one of our general e-mail: [email protected]. environmental geology (GIS, remote sensing, hydrogeol- education courses (Earth History and Resources). Other The University of Nebraska-Lincoln is committed to a ogy, and engineering geology) and to an emerging pro- courses would depend on the candidate's expertise and pluralistic campus community through Affirmative Action gram in information systems management. Department departmental needs, and may include a portion of Remote and Equal Opportunity and is responsive to the needs of facilities include: remote sensing/GIS laboratory (Sun & Sensing. The successful candidate should have a Ph.D. dual career couples. We assure reasonable accommoda- Silicon Graphics workstations), geochemistry laboratory and be active in research that will complement ongoing tion under the Americans with Disabilities Act; contact (AAS, SEM, XRD), sedimentology/ hydrology laboratory, Quaternary research and surficial-process programs in the Richard Kettler for assistance. mineral kinetics laboratory, geophysical equipment (mag- Department. Women and minorities are encouraged to netometer, gravity meter, resistivity, shallow seismic,

38 GSA TODAY, November 1997 GPS), optical petrology laboratory, sample preparation getary approval. Applicants should send a curriculum LEATHER FIELD CASES. Free brochure, SHERER facilities, sediment core facility, and field vehicles. vitae, a letter describing current and near-term research CUSTOM SADDLES, INC., P.O. Box 385, Dept. GN, A Ph.D. is required. Applications (including a complete interests and copies of appropriate reprints; an e-mail Franktown, CO 80116. resume, statement of teaching and research interests, and address, a fax number, and names of at least three refer- three original letters of recommendation) should be sent to: ees by January 1, 1998 to: Dr. Michael C. Roberts, Direc- ALBORAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING. Want to better your Chair, Surficial Processes Search Committee, Dept. of Geol- tor, Earth Sciences Program, Simon Fraser University, understanding of stress and strain? Try Principles of Rock ogy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6. Phone (604) 291-4657; Mechanics by R. Weijermars, 1997, 238 line drawings, 67 43403. Applications must be received no later than January fax 604-291-4198; [email protected]. photos, 193 exerc. sol., 360 pages (8.5 x 11", flexicover). 1, 1998. BGSU is an AA/EEOC employer. Applicants from Excellent reviews. Strongly recommended. At $27.95 you under-represented/protected groups are urged to apply. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY cannot afford to miss this successful textbook/lab book. COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Order forms are printed in GSA Today (April '97, p. 11) ASSISTANT PROFESSOR POSITION IN The Department of Geological Sciences invites applica- and AAPG Explorer (May ‘97, p. 28). You can also contact GEOMORPHOLOGY tions for a senior faculty position. We seek a distinguished us by fax (Netherlands): 31 20 3640 145, or phone: 31 20 The Department of Geology and the Center for Environ- scientist of high professional standing who will complement 3640 331. Order Now! mental Sciences & Education at Northern Arizona Univer- and augment our research, graduate, and undergraduate sity solicit applications for a tenure-track, Assistant Profes- programs. Our web page: http://www.earth. nwu.edu. sor position in geomorphology, to begin in August 1998. To ensure full consideration, applications should The position is a joint appointment between two academic include a curriculum vitae, copies of significant publica- Opportunities for Students units in the College of Arts & Sciences. tions, names of at least three professional references, and Applicants must have a Ph.D. in Geological Sciences. be received by January 5, 1998. Visiting Fellows and Students/Institute for Rock Mag- The successful candidate will be a process-oriented and Address applications to: Search Committee, Dept. of netism. Applications are invited for visiting fellowships quantitative geomorphologist with research experience in Geological Sciences, 1847 Sheridan Road, Northwestern (regular and student) lasting for up to 10 days during the neotectonics, geochronology, climatology, and ecosys- University, Evanston, IL 60208-2150, Fax number: 847- period from March 1, 1998, through August 31, 1998. tem-level processes. Because NAU is committed to serv- 491-8060, e-mail: [email protected]. Topics for research are open to any field of study ing the rural, Hispanic, and Native American populations Women and members of minority groups are encour- involving fine particle magnetism, but preference will be of the Colorado Plateau and Southwest, experience with aged to apply. Northwestern is an affirmative action and given to projects relating magnetism to geological or envi- diverse cultures is desirable. equal opportunity employer. ronmental studies, or to fundamental physical studies. Primary teaching responsibilities will be courses in A limited number of travel grants of $500 are available geomorphology and climatology. Additionally, the suc- PROFESSOR OF GEOBIOLOGY to researchers who can demonstrate no existing financial cessful applicant will teach introductory core courses in The Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sci- resources. No funds are available for per diem expenses. Geology and Environmental Sciences on a rotating basis, ences at MIT invites qualified candidates to apply for a Application forms and information necessary for proposal and will develop undergraduate and graduate courses in new faculty position in Geobiology. The level of the preparation may be obtained from IRM manager Mike his/her specialty. He/she will be expected to seek external appointment will depend on qualifications. We seek an Jackson at the address below, or on the Web at funding and establish an active research program in geo- outstanding biologist deeply interested in both research http://www.geo.umn.edu/orgs/irm/irm.html. morphology centered around the Colorado Plateau and and teaching who has specific expertise in the interactions Short proposals (two pages, single-spaced text plus the desert Southwest. between organisms and geologic, hydrologic, oceanic, or two forms and necessary figures and tables) are due by Applicants for this position should send a letter outlining atmospheric processes. Of particular interest are individu- December 12, 1998, for consideration by the Institute's teaching and research interests, curriculum vitae and als who specialize in ecosystem dynamics or evolutionary/ Review and Advisory Committee. Successful applicants names, addresses (including e-mail), and telephone num- developmental biology. The successful candidate will be will be notified in early February 1998. Proposals should bers of five references. Send to Chair, Screening Commit- an individual who focuses on theory and quantitative anal- be sent to: Facilities Manager, Institute for Rock Mag- tee, Department of Geology, Box 4099, Northern Arizona ysis but who also knows in depth and uses observations. netism, University of Minnesota, 291 Shepherd Laborato- University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011. The search will remain One or more of the current programs at MIT in the earth, ries, 100 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0128, open until the position is filled; however, the screening com- atmospheric, hydrologic, oceanic, biological, climatic, and 612-624-5274; fax: 612-625-7502. mittee will begin reviewing applications on December 1, planetary sciences are expected to provide a signficant 1997. Visit our web site at http://www.nau.edu. The North- and welcome resource to the new faculty member for California Institute of Technology. Postdoctoral Fel- ern Arizona University community is composed of faculty, interdisciplinary studies. lowships in Geological and Planetary Sciences. The staff, and students from a wide range of cultural back- Interested scientists should send a curriculum vitae, a California Institute of Technology announces two fellow- grounds. Applicants should have the experience and com- one-page description of research plans, and the names of ships in earth and planetary sciences: The O.K. Earl Post- mitment necessary to work with such a diverse population. three professional references to: Prof. Thomas H. Jordan, doctoral Fellowship, and the Texaco Postdoctoral Fellow- Head, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sci- ship. These awards are from funds endowed by Orrin K. CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 94720-4740. University of Cal- ences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bldg. 54-926, Earl, Jr., and by the Texaco Philanthropic Foundation. ifornia, Berkeley, tenure-track Assistant Professor position, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, or by e-mail: [email protected]; fax: Each fellowship carries an annual stipend of $36,000 and starting 1 July 1998, for a Physical Geographer/ Earth Sci- 617-253-8298. MIT is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative offers a research expense fund of $1,000 per year and entist with primary research in geomorphology and envi- Action Employer. MIT is a non-smoking environment. one-way travel to Pasadena. The duration of each app- ronmental change. A commitment to a high rate of schol- pointment will normally be for two years, contingent upon arly productivity and excellence in classroom and field ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY good progress in the first year, and beginning with the methods teaching is expected. Applicant must have Ph.D. SURFICIAL PROCESSES — GEOHYDROLOGY 1998Ð99 academic year. Fellows are eligible to participate or completed dissertation. Submit letter of application, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN in Caltech's health and dental program. vitae, and complete list of publications, and the names of The Department of Geological Sciences has requested per- These fellowships have been established to support three references and addresses, by January 12, 1998. mission to fill a tenure-track position at the Assistant Profes- the research of scientists typically within two years after Apply: Richard Walker, Chair, Department of Geography. sor level, or in exceptional cases, at a higher level, to begin receipt of the Ph.D. The intent of the program is to identify The University of California is an Equal Opportunity, September 1998. We seek applicants with broad research and support innovative and creative work in the earth and Affirmative Action Employer. interests in: The physical or chemical aspects of geohydrol- planetary sciences, with particular emphasis on interdisci- ogy; a quantitative understanding of Earth surface proc- plinary work. Applicants with training in physics, chem- NEAR-SURFACE (APPLIED) GEOPHYSICS esses; and/or environmental geochemistry. We expect the istry, biology or computer sciences are urged to apply. SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY applicant to develop a vigorous research program and to The Caltech faculty is currently active in geobiology, geo- The Earth Sciences Program is seeking to fill a tenure- teach at both the graduate and undergraduate levels, chemistry, geology, geophysics, petrology, seismology, track position at the Assistant Professor level in the area of including involvement in our new Environmental Geology and atmospheric and planetary sciences. It is expected near-surface (applied) geophysics. The ideal candidate is degree program. Regular participation in introductory earth that each fellowship holder will be hosted by a division a geophysicist with an established research program in the science courses is expected. A Ph.D. is required. Interested professor (designated by the division chairman) who will application of seismic reflection, electrical methods, three- persons should send a curriculum vitae, names of five per- contribute to the fellowship support both financially and by dimensional imaging, ground penetrating radar or electro- sons from whom the Department may request letters of rec- providing intellectual guidance. magnetic techniques to problems in the shallow subsur- ommendation, and brief statements of their research and Application forms may be obtained via the division face, preferably with relevance to environmental teaching interests to: Prof. Eric J. Essene, Search Commit- home page on the Internet http://www.gps.caltech.edu or geoscience issues. The successful candidate must have a tee Chair, Department of Geological Sciences, University of by writing to Prof. E. M. Stolper, Chair, Division of Geolog- commitment to both undergraduate and graduate educa- Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 (e-mail: ical and Planetary Sciences, Mail Code 170-25, California tion as well as to developing a funded research program. [email protected]). Applications should be received by Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, or by For detailed information about this position refer to the Pro- December 31, 1997. The University of Michigan is an affir- e-mail to Marcia Hudson: [email protected]. gram's home page: http://www.sfu.ca/earth-sciences. mative action, equal opportunity employer. Completed applications with references should arrive A Ph.D. is required at the time of appointment and the at Caltech by Friday, December 19, 1997. successful candidate will be eligible, preferably, for profes- Fellowship candidates will automatically be considered sional registration in BC (APEGBC). The appointment will for other available postdoctoral positions at Caltech in commence in September 1998. In accordance with Cana- Services & Supplies their fields of interest. dian Immigration this advertisement is directed to Cana- Caltech is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity dian citizens and Permanent Residents. Simon Fraser ALBORAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING. Have you seen our Employer. Women, minorities, veterans, and disabled per- University is committed to the principle of equity in posters on Societal Benefits of Geoscience? Thumbnails sons are encouraged to apply. employment and offers equal employment opportunities to and orders forms are printed in GSA Today (May '97, p. qualified applicants. This position is subject to final bud- 36/37) and AAPG Explorer (April '97, p. 58). Order Now!

GSA TODAY, November 1997 39 GSA ON THE WEB Visit the GSA Web Site at http://www.geosociety.org. From our home page you can link to many information resources. Here are some highlights: The new News Notes page gives information on newsworthy events and includes links to sites with more details. On our Membership page you'll learn about the GSA Employment Ser- vice, find out how to become a GSA Campus Representative, or learn how to get forms to join GSA as a professional or as a student. You’ll also find informa- tion here on how to nominate a GSA Member to Fellowship standing. Try out the Meetings site for a first look at the 1998 Annual Meeting in Toronto, with links to key Toronto Web sites. From the Publications heading, you can visit the GSA atterned ground, Bookstore, where you’ll find prices on DNAG publications slashed by 50% (and GSA Mem- encompassing ber discount still applies). You’ll find two Treatise volume revi- circles, nets, polygons, sions, a new 1998 calendar cele- brating Geology’s 25th year, an and stripes, indicate soil, Explore Kilauea multi-media CD- P ROM, a new Reviews in Engineer- P temperature, hydrologic, and other ing Geology volume, and several new memoirs and special papers. environmental conditions, past There’s a general page with infor- mation for contributors, details and present. Plug circles and plugs, on copyright permissions, a free geologic time scale, and more. a variety of patterned ground, Don’t forget the GSA Data Reposi- tory—you can download valuable occur in both nonsorted and supplementary materials relating to articles in GSA Bulletin and Geology. As always, you’ll find sorted forms in permafrost abstracts of all articles in those journals posted monthly. environments. Study in the In the Education section, read about GSA’s educational Canadian High Arctic and a programs, including PEP (Part- ners for Education Program), review of hypotheses of origin and the Earth and Space Science A. L. WASHBURN, 1997 Technological Education Project support the conclusion that plug (ESSTEP). Find out about GSA’s environment and public policy circles and plugs are diapiric forms resulting from frost heaving, and that activities in the Institute for Environmental Education surfaceward seepage accounts for many occurrences. Plug circles and plugs are section, including updates on the GSA Congressional Science perhaps transitional to larger forms with prominent stoney ringlike borders Fellowship program, the Roy J. Shlemon Applied Geology Men- tor Program, and the U.S. Geolog- of the classic Spitsbergen variety of sorted circle, whose origin is commonly ical Survey–National Biological Service scientific opportunities linked to circulatory soil processes; details of that origin are still somewhat workshop. Under Foundation you problematical. will find information on the Foundation and the current MWR190, 102 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-1190-8, $45.00, Member price $36.00 annual giving campaign, a list of trustees and officers, and several ways to make a planned gift. 1-800-472-1988 • fax 303-447-1133 • www.geosociety.org See the Administration section for information on GSA Publication Sales • P.O. Box 9140 • Boulder, CO 80301 • 303-447-2020 Medals and Awards, research grants, and other general infor- Memoir volumes are mation about GSA. You can also 1 8- /2" x 11" hardbound. link to the pages for GSA Sec- PRICES INCLUDE SHIPPING AND HANDLING tions and Divisions for specific information on each of these.