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on the criteria of capturing diversity. However today MPCA sites have to be very carefully selected by State Forest Departments to capture gene pools of the breeding populations of highly traded endemics and threatened medicinal that occur in the particular State. In most of the 21 States the MPCA program is dormant. Some MPCAs may indeed harbor populations and gene pools of one or more of the priority 242 species, others may merely have populations of medicinal species, but they may not be signifi cant sites in respect to carrying viable breeding populations of the priority species for insitu conservation. Further refi nement of the MPCA program will subsequently happen when State Forest Departments support genetic studies to select specifi c MPCA sites rich in gene pools of highly traded endemics and threatened species, including studies to determine the number of MPCAs needed for a particular medicinal species to conserve its hot spots of intra-specifi c genetic diversity across its geographical distribution range. For example, in the case of an endangered and threatened species like Saraca ashoka, which is distributed from pockets in , TN, Karnataka, , Goa, Orissa, , and Manipur, the gene pool cannot be captured in one MPCA site because of its genetic diversity. However, in the case of an endemic species like santalinus, which is endemic to Tirupati,

Nellore, Kuddapa and Kurnool in AP, one MPCA site S.No Botanical names Status may suffi ce. A further quantum jump to the program Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex will take place when genetic material of therapeutic 9 CR value from MPCAs is made available to breeders for ex- Royle situ multiplication. It is also important to put in place 10 Aconitum spicatum (Bruhl) Stapf EN sustainable Joint Forest Management (JFM) programs 11 Aconitum violaceum Jacq. ex Stapf VU around MPCA sites to ensure community benefi ts from the conservation program. 12 Acorus calamus L. EN hondala (Gaertn.) W.J.de 13 VU Red Listed (Near threatened and above) Wilde medicinal plants list prepared by FRLHT 14 Adhatoda beddomei C. B. Clarke CR (Based on IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria) 15 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. VU Alectra chitrakutensis (Rau) S.No Botanical names Status 16 CR Prasad & Dixit 1 Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. NT 17 Allium stracheyi Baker VU 2 Abies densa W.Griff . ex Parker NT 18 Alpinia calcarata Roscoe EN 3 Abrus precatorius L. NT Amentotaxus assamica 19 CR 4 Aconitum balfourii Stapf VU D.K.Ferguson Amorphophallus commutatus Aconitum bisma (Buch.-Ham.) 20 VU 5 EN (Schott) Engl. Rapaics Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex 21 VU 6 CR (Dennst.) Nicolson Holmes Amorphophallus sylvaticus (Roxb.) 22 VU 7 Aconitum deinorrhizum Stapf EN Kunth Ampelocissus araneosa (Dalz. & 8 Aconitum ferox Wall. ex Seringe EN 23 VU Gibson) Planch. Ampelocissus barbata (Wall.) 24 EN Planch. 25 Ampelocissus indica (L.) Planch. EN Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) 26 VU Wall. ex Nees 27 Angelica glauca Edgew. EN 28 Angiopteris evecta (Forst.) Hoff m. EN 29 Anodendron paniculatum A.DC. EN Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) 30 VU Parker 31 Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. CR 32 Arisaema tortuosum Schott VU 33 Aristolochia indica L. NT MPCA established in 56 | Journal of Medicinal Conservation Asoka (Saraka ashoka) Red Sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus)

S.No Botanical names Status S.No Botanical names Status 34 Aristolochia tagala Cham VU 60 Calophyllum apetalum Willd. VU Arnebia benthami (Wall. ex G.Don) 61 Canarium strictum Roxb. VU 35 CR Johns 62 Capparis moonii Wight NT 36 Arnebia euchroma (Royle) John. CR Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Juss. ex 63 EN 37 Artemisia maritima L. VU Gagnep. var. glabra Gamble 38 Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. VU 64 Celastrus paniculatus Willd. EN 39 Asparagus racemosus Willd. EN 65 Cephalotaxus griffi thii Hook.f. EN 40 Asparagus rottleri Baker EX 66 odollam Gaertn. VU 41 acuminata Royle ex Lindl. CR 67 Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. VU Chlorophytum arundinaceum 42 Balanophora involucrata Hook.f. EN 68 EN Baker Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) 43 VU Chlorophytum borivillianum Sant. Mull.Arg. 69 CR & Fernandes 44 Barleria acanthoides VU 70 Chlorophytum tuberosum Baker VU 45 Berberis aristata DC. VU Chonemorpha fragrans (Moon) 71 EN 46 Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. VU Alston Bergenia stracheyi (Hook.f. & 72 Cibotium barometz Link. EN 47 VU Thoms.) Engl. Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.- 73 VU 48 Betula utilis D.Don CR Ham.) Sweet Cinnamomum cecidodaphne Blepharis sindica Stocks ex 74 EN 49 VU Meissn. T.Anders Cinnamomum macrocarpum 75 VU 50 Blepharispermum subsessile DC. EN Hook.f. Boswellia ovalifoliolata Bal. & 51 EN 76 Cinnamomum sulphuratum Nees VU Henry Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.- 77 VU 52 Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. EN Ham.) Nees 53 Brucea mollis Wall. ex Kurz EN 78 Cinnamomum wightii Meisn. EN 54 Buchanania lanzan Spreng. VU 79 Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Kuntze VU Citrus macroptera Montr. var. 55 Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedts. EN 80 EN annamensis Tanaka Butea monosperma var. lutea 56 EN (Witt.) Maheshwari 81 Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon EN 57 Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce NT 82 Cochlospermum religiosum DC. CR 58 Caesalpinia digyna Rottler VU 83 Colchicum luteum Baker VU 59 Calligonum polygonoides L. EN Spring 2019 | 57 58 | Journal of Medicinal Plant Conservation S.No Botanical names Status S.No Botanical names Status Commiphora wightii (Arn.) 84 CR 119 Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf. EN Bhandari Eremostachys superba Royle ex 120 VU 85 Coptis teeta Wall. EN Benth. Cordia macleodii (Griff .) Hook.f. & 86 EN 121 Eulophia cullenii (Wight) Blume CR Thoms. 122 Eulophia herbacea Lindl. EN Corollacarpus epigaeus (Rottler & 87 EN Willd.) Clarke 123 Eulophia nuda Lindl. EN Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) 88 CR Coleb. 124 Eulophia ochreata CR speciosus (J.Koenig ex Retz.) 125 Eulophia ramentacea Wight EN 89 VU Sm. 126 Euphorbia fusiformis Buch.-Ham. VU 90 Crateva magna (Lour.) DC. VU 127 Fagonia cretia L. VU 91 Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. VU 128 Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke VU Curcuma pseudomontana 92 VU Flickingeria fugax (Rchb.f.) Graham 129 EN Seodemf. 93 Curcuma zedoaria (Christ.) Roscoe VU 130 Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don EN 94 Cycas beddomei Dyer CR 131 Fritillaria roylei Hook. EN 95 L. CR 132 Fumaria indica Pugsley EN Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) 96 CR Soo 133 Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Robson NT 97 Datisca cannabina L. EN 134 Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy VU 98 Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. EN 135 Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr. VU 99 Dendrobium nobile Lindl. EN 136 Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. EN Desmodium motorium (Houtt.) 100 VU 137 Garcinia travancorica Bedd. EN Merr. 138 Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. VU 101 Didymocarpus pedicillata R. Br. EN 139 Gardenia gummifera L.f. VU 102 Dioscorea bulbifera L. VU Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex 140 Gardenia resinifera Roth NT 103 EN Griseli 141 Gentiana kurroo Royle CR 104 Dioscorea hispida Dennst. VU 142 Gentiana quadrifaria Bl. VU 105 Dioscorea prazeri Prain & Burkill EN 143 Gloriosa superba L. EN 106 Diospyros candolleana Wight VU 144 Glycosmis macrocarpa Wight VU 107 Diospyros paniculata Dalz. VU 145 Gnetum ula Brongn. VU 108 Dipcadi ursulae Blatter EN 146 Gymnadenia orchides Lindl. VU 109 Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd. EN 147 Gymnema khandalense Santapau EN 110 Drosera burmannii Vahl EN Gymnema montanum (Roxb.) 148 EN 111 Drosera indica L. EN Hook.f. 149 Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. EN 112 Drosera peltata J.E.Sm. ex Willd. EN Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex 150 Gymnocladus assamicus Kanjilal CR 113 EN Hiern 151 Gynocardia odorata R.Br. EN Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) 114 VU K.Schum. 152 Habenaria intermedia D.Don EN 115 Embelia ribes Burm.f. CR 153 Hedychium coronarium Koenig VU Embelia tsjeriam-cottam (Roem. & Heliotropium keralense Sivar. & 116 VU 154 CR Schult.) A. DC. Manilal Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) 117 Entada pursaetha DC. EN 155 CR Hook. 118 Ephedra foliata EN Spring 2019 | 59 S.No Botanical names Status S.No Botanical names Status Heracleum candolleanum (Wight 156 VU 191 Mahonia napaulensis DC. VU & Arn.) Gamble 192 Malaxis muscifera (Lindl.) Kuntze CR 157 Heracleum lanatum Michx. VU Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Hildegardia populifolia (Roxb.) 193 EN 158 VU Dubard Schott & Endl. 194 Meconopis aculeata Royle EN 159 Hippophae rhamnoides L. VU 195 Mesua ferrea L. EN 160 Hippophae salicifolia D.Don NT 196 Michelia champaca L. EN 161 Holostemma ada-kodien Schult. CR 197 Michelia nilagirica Zenk. VU Homalomena aromatica (Roxb.) 162 EN Schott 198 Morinda citrifolia L. VU 163 Humboldtia vahliana Wight EN Moringa concanensis Nimmo ex 199 VU Dalz. & Gibson 164 Hydnocarpus alpina Wight VU 200 Mucuna monosperma DC. VU 165 Hydnocarpus kurzii (King.) Warb. VU 201 Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. EN Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Bedd.) 166 EN Warb. 202 Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. EN Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.- 167 VU Ham.) Oken 203 dactyloides Gaertn. VU 168 Hyoscyamus niger L. EN 204 Myristica malabarica Lam. VU 169 Hypericum perforatum L. VU 205 Nardostachys grandifl ora DC. CR 170 Hyssopus offi cinalis L. VU 206 Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson VU 171 Illicium griffi thii Hook.f. & Thoms. CR 207 khasiana Hook.f. EN 172 Iphigenia stellata Blatter EN 208 Nervilia aragoana Gaud. EN Jacq. Nervilia prainiana (King & Prantl) 173 NT 209 NT Scidenf. Janakia arayalpathra J.Joseph & V. 210 Neurada procumbensL. EN 174 CR Chandras. Nilgirianthus ciliatus (Nees) 211 EN 175 Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch. EN Bremek. Nothapodytes nimmoniana 176 Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss. EN 212 EN (Graham) Mabber. Kingiodendron pinnatum (Roxb. ex 177 VU DC.) Harms 213 Nypa fruticans (Thunb.) Wurmb. VU Knema attenuata (Hook.f. & Ochreinauclea missionis (Wall. ex 178 NT 214 VU Thoms.) Warb. G. Don) Ridsdale Lamprachaenium microcephalum 215 Ocimum gratissimum L. VU 179 EN Benth. 216 Olax nana Wall. VU 180 Lasia spinosa (L.) Thw. EN Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva 181 Leptadenia reticulataWt. & Arn. EN 217 Manso =Merremia turpethum (L.) EN Shah & Bhat 182 Lilium polyphyllum D.Don ex Royle CR 218 Ophioglossum reticulatum L. EN 183 Limonia acidissima L. VU 219 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. EN 184 Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Robinson CR Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) 220 EN 185 Luff a echinata Roxb. EN Hochr. 186 Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. VU 221 Paederia foetida L. VU Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pichi- 222 Panax pseudoginsengWall. CR 187 EN Sermolli 223 Panax wangianus Sun EN 188 Madhuca insignis (Radlk.) H.J.Lam. EX Paphiopedilum druryi (Bedd.) 224 CR 189 (Koen.) Macbr. VU Pfi tz. 190 Madhuca neriifolia (Moon) H.J.Lam VU 225 Paris polyphylla Sm. EN

60 | Journal of Medicinal Plant Conservation and Raw Drug Repository of Medicinal Botanicals in TDU

S.No Botanical names Status S.No Botanical names Status Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) 226 Peganum harmalaL. VU 252 EN Royle 227 Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr. VU 253 Polygonatum multifl orum (L.) All. VU 228 Persea glaucescens (Nees) Long CR 254 Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. VU 229 Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosterm. EN Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & 255 VU Peucedanum nagpurense Arn. 230 VU (C.B.Clarke) Prain 256 Psilotum nudum (L.) P.Beauv. CR 231 Phyllanthus emblica L. VU 257 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. CR 232 Phyllanthus indofi scheri Benn. VU 258 Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. CR Physochlaena praealta (Walp.) 233 VU (Roxb. ex Willd.) Miers. 259 CR DC. 234 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth. CR Rauvolfi a serpentina (L.) Benth. ex 260 CR Pimpinella tirupatiensis Bal. & Kurz 235 EN Subr. Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) 261 EN 236 Piper barberi Gamble CR Sch. Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb.) 262 VU 237 Piper betleoides C.DC. NT Schott Piper boehmeriaefolium Wall. ex 238 VU 263 emodi Wall. ex Meissn. EN C.DC. 239 Piper longum L. EN 264 Rheum moorcroftianum Royle EN Piper mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex 265 Rheum nobile Hook.f. & Thoms. VU 240 VU D.Don 266 Rheum spiciforme Royle VU 241 Piper nigrum L. EN 267 Rheum webbianum Royle VU 242 Piper pedicellatum C.DC. VU Rhodiola heterodonta (Hook.f. & 268 VU 243 Piper peepuloides Roxb. VU Thoms.) Boriss 244 Plectranthus barbatus Andr. EN 269 Rhododendron anthopogon D.Don EN Rhododendron campanulatum 270 VU 245 Plectranthus nilgherricus Benth. EN D.Don Pleione maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. & Rhodondendron lepidotum Wall. 246 EN 271 VU Paxton ex D.Don 247 Pluchea lanceolata Oliver & Hiern. NT 272 Roylea cinerea (D. Don) Baillon VU 248 Plumbago indica L. EN 273 Rubia cordifolia L. VU 249 Plumbago zeylanica L. VU Salacia oblonga Wall. ex Wight & 274 VU Arn. 250 Podophyllum hexandrum Royle CR 275 Salacia reticulata Wight EN Polyalthia simiarum (Buch.-Ham.) 251 VU Hook.f & Thoms. 276 oleoides Decne VU

Spring 2019 | 61 S.No Botanical names Status S.No Botanical names Status 277 Salvadora persica L. VU 313 Terminalia pallida Brandis EN 278 Santalum album L. EN 314 Thalictrum dalzellii Hook. EN 279 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) W.J. de Wilde CR 315 Thalictrum foliolosum DC. VU 280 Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. VU 316 Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. VU 281 costus (Falc.) Lipsch. CR 317 Toona ciliata M.J.Roem. VU 282 Saussurea gossypiphora D.Don CR 318 Tragia bicolor Miq. VU Tribulus rajasthanensis Bhandari 283 Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew. CR 319 CR & Sharma 284 Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. VU Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn. Scindapsus offi cinalis (Roxb.) 320 subsp. travancoricus (Bedd.) EN 285 VU Schott Burkill 286 Semecarpus travancorica Bedd. EN 321 Trichosanthes cucumerina L. NT 287 Shorea robusta Roxb. ex Gaertn.f. NT 322 Tropidia curculigoides Lindl. EN 288 Shorea tumbaggaia Roxb. CR 323 Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. VU 289 Smilax zeylanica L. VU 324 Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC. VU 290 Smilax glabra Roxb. CR 325 Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth VU Urginea nagarjunae Hemadri & 291 Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. EN 326 EN Swahari 292 Stemona tuberosa Lour. VU 327 Utleria salicifolia Bedd. CR 293 Sterculia urens Roxb. EN 328 Valeriana hardwickii Wall. VU Stereospermum chelonoides (L.f.) 294 NT DC. 329 Valeriana jatamansi Jones VU Stereospermum colais(Dillwyn) 295 EN 330 Valeriana leschenaultii DC. CR Mabb. 331 indica L. VU 296 Strychnos aenea A.W.Hill EN 332 Vateria macrocarpa B.L. Gupta CR 297 Strychnos colubrina L. EN 333 Xylocarpus granatum Koenig EN 298 Strychnos nux-vomica L. VU 334 armatum DC. EN 299 Strychnos potatorum L.f. VU 335 Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. EN Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Flem.) 300 CR Karst. Swertia corymbosa (Griseb.) Wight 4. The rich Indian knowledge base of 301 VU ex C.B.Clarke medicinal botanicals and its resonance Swertia lawii (Wight ex C.B.Clarke) 302 EN with the emerging concept of ONE HEALTH Burkill Symplocos paniculata (Thunb.) There are estimated to be 100,000 medical manuscripts 303 VU Miq. containing knowledge of the uses of medicinal botanicals for human (), veterinary (pashu-ayurveda) and 304 Symplocos racemosa Roxb. CR agricultural (vriksh-ayurveda) applications. TDU has alternifolium (Wight) initiated work on cataloging and digitization of medical 305 EN Walp. manuscripts of and completed cataloging of 17,000 manuscripts. 306 Gamble EN 307 Tacca integrifolia Ker-Gawl. EN TDU believes that interfacing traditional knowledge of healthcare with advanced scientifi c research will 308 Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze NT contribute to two emerging global needs viz., Integrative Health Sciences and ONE HEALTH 309 Taxus wallichiana Zucc. CR 310 Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. EN This is the future TDU vision for conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants, and we will be Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) 311 VU pleased to collaborate with genuinely interested and Wight & Arn. competent international organizations for the execution 312 Terminalia chebula Retz. VU of the vision.

62 | Journal of Medicinal Plant Conservation