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Leprosy and Other Skin Disorders
Copyright by Robert Joseph Gallagher 2014 The report committee for Robert Joseph Gallagher Certifies that this is the approved version of the following report: An Annotated Translation of Chapter 7 of the Carakasaṃhitā Cikitsāsthāna: Leprosy and Other Skin Disorders APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: __________________________________ Donald R. Davis _________________________________ Joel Brereton An Annotated Translation of Chapter 7 of the Carakasaṃhitā Cikitsāsthāna: Leprosy and Other Skin Disorders by Robert Joseph Gallagher, B.A., M.A. Report Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment for the degree of Master of Arts University of Texas at Austin May 2014 Dedication To my wife Virginia and our two daughters Michelle and Amy, who showed patience and understanding during my long hours of absence from their lives, while I worked on mastering the intricacies of the complex but very rewarding language of Sanskrit. In addition, extra kudos are in order for thirteen year-old Michelle for her technical support in preparing this report. Acknowledgements I wish to thank all the members of the South Asia team at UT Austin, including Prof. Joel Brereton, Merry Burlingham, Prof. Don Davis, Prof. Oliver Freiberger, Prof. Edeltraud Harzer, Prof. Patrick Olivelle, Mary Rader, Prof. Martha Selby and Jennifer Tipton. Each one has helped me along this path to completion of the M.A. degree. At the time of my last serious academic research, I used a typewriter to put my thoughts on paper. The transition from white-out to pdf has been challenging for me at times, and I appreciate all the help given to me by the members of the South Asia team. -
Factors Involved During in Vitro Culture of Calamus Rotang
Journal of Tropical Forest Science 10(2): 225 - 232 (1997) FACTORS INVOLVED DURIN VITRON GI CULTURF EO CALAMUS ROTANG Amitava Roy & P.K. Saha* Department of Botany, Bose Institute, 93/1, A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700 009, India Received January 1996___________________________________________ ROY, A. & SAHA, P.K. 1997. Factors involved during in vitro culture of Calamus rotang. Calamus rotang is a subterranean woody monocot where in vitro multiplication tech- n alternativa e use b s niqu a y d ma e e proces r rapifo s d plant generation. Since subterrestrial young plantlets face a problem in establishment due to a high degree of contamination in the medium, to reduce contamination, chemicals were tested for sterilisatio e explantth f o n . Sodium hypochlorite (5. v/v 0% n combinatio i ) n with mercuric chloride (0.5 % w/v) resulted in the highest response. Explant establishment was dependent on their lengths as well as the plantlets from where the explants were derived. Explants of length 1.5-2.0cm derived from plantlets havin a glengt f 10-2o h showem c 0 a highed r rat f growto e h under culture conditions. Bud proliferation in explant was achieved in the establishment medium supplemented wit(6-benzylaminopurineP hBA ) (5-1 I"g 10m ) . Keywords: Calamus rotang establishmen- tmonoco- propagatio- t sterilisation- n ROY SAHA& . ,A , P.K. 1997. Faktor yang terlibat semasa kultu vitrorn i Calamus rotang. Calamus rotang ialah tumbuhan monokot subterranean yang menggunakan teknik pendaraban in vitro sebagai proses alternatif bagi generasi tumbuhan yang pantas. Oleh kerana anak pokok muda subdarat menghadapi masalah penubuhannya akibat daripada kontaminasi yang tinggi dalam medianya, bahan kimia diuj i bagi pensterilan tumbuhan luar untuk mengurangkan kontaminasi. -
Preparation and Evaluation of Poly-Herbal Toothpaste
International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics 88 Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2021 https://www.ijramt.com | ISSN (Online): 2582-7839 Preparation and Evaluation of Poly-Herbal Toothpaste Suresh Gunaki1*, E. N. Gaviraj2, C. V. Nagathan3, B. S. Hunasagi4, Sandeep Chandakavate5 1,3,4Assistant professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, BLDEA's SSM College of Pharmacy, Basawanbagewadi, India 2Head of the Department, Department of Pharmacognosy, BLDEA's SSM College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Vijayapura, India 5Student, Department of Pharmacognosy, BLDEA's SSM College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Vijayapura, India Abstract: In the present study the main aim was “preparation an effect on maintaining the health of teeth and an aesthetic and evaluation of poly-herbal toothpaste and also investigation of effect in determining the abrasives activity of teeth. And phyto-chemical studies of these three plants. The formulation of Gingivitis (a gum disease) A removing dental plaque and food poly herbal toothpaste containing plant extracts like Cassia siamea(pods), jyotishmatii (leaves), vateria indica (gum resin ) was particles from teeth [3]. Toothpastes are a powder or gel form extracted by using ethanol in soxhlet apparatus and some are by formulation product used to cleansing and maintaining oral using percolation method. The formulation evaluated by in vitro hygiene with the help of a toothbrush. It is a common product study and physical examination like colour , odour , taste used by the community for dental care. Although it is ,homogeneity , pH ,spreadability, foaming characters , moisture recommended by most dentists to brush your teeth twice a day contents ,stability study etc . Preparation of poly –herbal and it is highly effective in removing plaque, one of the active toothpaste is carried out by trituration method. -
Vateria Indica Linn. Syn
Vateria indica Linn. Syn. Vateria malabarica Bl. Fam : Dipterocarpaceae Ayurvedic name Sarja Unani name Raal Safed Hindi name Kahruba, Dammar English name White Damar, Indian Copal-Tree Trade name Vellapine, White Dhup, White Damar, Piney resion Parts used Resin of trunk Fruits of Vateria indica along with foliage. Morphological Characteristics brown, fleshy, hard when dry, splitting by 3 valves when ripe. Plant is a large magnificent evergreen resinous tree, reaching up to 25 meter tall. Trunk is about 3 m in girth. Bark is smooth, about 1 cm thick, whitish grey blotched with green, bitter and acrid in taste, peeling off into round flakes. Blaze is dull brown. Wood is white and hard. Young branchlets are drooping, with minute stellate trichomes. Leaves are alternate, elliptic, oblong, 10-25cm X 5-10cm in size, heart- shaped or rounded, apex acuminate, Fruits of Vateria indica on the plant margin entire, leathery. Lateral veins are Distribution 12-14 pairs, stout and parallel. Stipules are prominent. It is also endemic to Western Ghats in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Floral Characteristics Nadu. Flowers are bisexual, about 2 cm across, Climate and Soil white, slightly fragrant, arranged in panicles. Panicle is robust, multi-branched, It is a large resinous tree. Normally used as up to 15 cm long and drooping. Fruit is an avenue tree. It is found in moist capsules, 4-6 cm X 2-4 cm in size, pale- deciduous to evergreen forests, especially along watercourse. It is found at an altitude 72 Agro-techniques of Selected Medicinal Plants: Volume - III up to 1200 m msl. -
Karyomorphology and Its Evolution in Dipterocarpaceae (Malvales)
© 2020 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 85(2): 141–149 Karyomorphology and Its Evolution in Dipterocarpaceae (Malvales) Kazuo Oginuma1*, Shawn Y. K. Lum2 and Hiroshi Tobe3 1 The Community Center for the Advancement of Education and Research at the University of Kochi, 5–15 Eikokuji-cho, Kochi 780–8515, Japan 2 Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 3 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan Received January 16, 2020; accepted February 9, 2020 Summary Previous chromosome information is restricted to Dipterocarpoideae, one of the two subfamilies of Dipterocarpaceae, and no chromosome information is available for another subfamily Monotoideae. Here we present the first karyomorphology of Marquesia macroura (2n=22) (Monotoideae), as well as of four species (2n=22) of four genera in tribe Dipterocarpeae and five species (2n=14) of tribe Shoreae in Dipterocarpoideae. Comparisons within Dipterocarpaceae and with Sarcolaenaceae (2n=22) sister to Dipetrocarpaceae in the light of phylogenetic relationships show that the basic chromosome number x=11 is plesiomorphic and x=7 apomor- phic in Dipterocapaceae. Based on available information, tribe Shoreae (x=7) has a uniform karyotype where all chromosomes have a centromere at median position, while the rest of the family (x=11) have a diverse karyotype in terms of the frequency of chromosomes with a centromere at median, submedian and subterminal position. We discussed the meaning of lability of karyotype in chromosome evolution. Keywords Basic chromosome number, Chromosome evolution, Dipterocarpaceae, Karyomorphology. Dipterocarpaceae (Malvales) are a family of 16 gen- x=10, and five genera Dryobalanops, Hopea, Neobala- era and 680 species distributed in tropical regions of nocarpus, Parashorea and Shorea of tribe Shoreae all the Old World, especially in the rain forests of Malesia have x=7. -
Anthelmintic Activity of Alcoholic and Aqueous Extract of Vateria Indica Linn
Available online a t www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2013, 5 (5):216-218 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4 Anthelmintic activity of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Vateria Indica Linn Gupta Nilesh, Richard Lobo*, M. Manjunath Setty, Saleemulla Khan and C. S. Sreedhara Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of Ethanolic and aqueous extract of Vateriaindica (stem bark) using Indian earthworm Phretimaposthuma.Different concentrations viz. (50, 25 and 12.5 mg/ml) of each Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were used for bioassay, involve determination of time of paralysis (T P) and time of death (T D) of the worms. 1% gum acacia in saline solution and Mebendazole (15mg/ml) were used as control and standard respectively. The result of present study indicates that the crude Ethanolic extract of Vateriaindica significantly demonstrated paralysis, and death of worms a concentration 50mg/ml compared to standard reference Mebendozole. Key words: Vateria indica, , anthelmintic activity, Mebendazole, earth worm. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Helminthic infections is one of the frequently affecting infections to human being ,which largely affecting -
The Status of Palm Taxonomy* Hanor-L E
64 PRINCIPES [Vol. 3 The Status of Palm Taxonomy* Hanor-l E. Moone, Jn. It may be well, at the outsetof a con- plants, some accounts dating back to sideration of palm taxonomy, to define Greek civilization. Few palms were the term taxonomy. Briefly, it concerns known to the ancients. however. and the identification, naming, and classifi- even in 1753 Linnaeus wrote about only cation of plants (or animals). Identifi- nins-hssa Catechu (the betel palm), cation is the determination of a plant as Borassusflabellit'er (the toddy palm of being identical with or similar to another India), Calamus Rotang (a rattan and already known plant or, if all known palm), Caryota urens (an Indian fish- possibilities are eliminated, its determi- tail palm) , Chamaerops humilis (the nation as new to science. Naming in- only palm native in Europe) , Cocosnu' volves the determination of the correct cilera (the coconut), Corypha umbracu' name of a known plant according to the tilera (the talipot palm of India), and nomenclatural system accepted inter- two date palms, Phoenix dactylifera, or nationally, so we may have a means of the cultivated date, and the wild date referring to the plant. Classification is which he called El,ate sylaestris, btft the placing of a plant or group of plants which we know today as Phoenix sylaes' in categories within the framework of tris. Linnaeus depended largely on a mastersystem which tries to show rela- earlier accountsfor his study-those of tionships among the various components Rheedewho wrote o{ the Malabar coast of the plant kingdom. Ideally, all the in India, of Rumphius, whose Het Am- techniques of the science of botany boinscheKrui.d,-Boek or Herbarium Am- should be used in the identification, boinense published in 174I-1755 des- naming, and classification of plants- cribed palms and many other plants of morphology and anatomy (the study of the Moluccas and adjacent areas, and the external and internal structure of a of other writers who recorded botanical plant), cytology and genetics (the study information noted in their travels. -
Seed Polymorphism and Its Effect on Germination and Growth of Vateria Indica Linn
ARTICLE Seed polymorphism and its effect on germination and growth of Vateria indica Linn. an economically important endemic trees of Western Ghats 1 2 3 4 Received on 30-1-2017 Kamarudeen, M., G. Jee , Pandurangan, A. G., and Krishnan, P. N. Accepted on 30-3-2017 Abstract Present paper describes the occurrence of seed polymorphism in respect of seed size, shape, weight and colour in Vateria indica. Three categories of seeds with size difference viz. large oblong shaped and light brown coloured, medium oval sized and brown coloured and small globular shaped and grayish brown were noted. Their tree to tree variation in distribution proportion was found to vary with sites. All sized seeds were tested for their germination and growth. Small globular shaped and grayish brown seeds had maximum percentage of germination and best growth performance as compare to other seeds Key words: Vateria indica, Seed polymorphism, Germination, Growth performance, Seed size, Seed colour Introduction of seed polymorphism in respect of the above mentioned Vateria indica Linn. (Family: Dipterocarpaceae) an characters in V.indica trees selected under different economically important trees species found in the locations and impact of seed polymorphism on evergreen forest patches of South India especially of germination and growth under controlled conditions. Western Ghats region. The tree is a well known species Material and Methods for making commercial plywood and yields an oleo-resin Trees for the present study were located from Kallar, called white dammar. The resins are used as tonic, Kulathupuzha and Palode forest patches of Southern carminative and possess expectorant properties against Kerala (Southern region of Western Ghats). -
Plant Names in Sanskrit: a Comparative Philological Investigation D
DOI: 10.21276/sajb Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences (SAJB) ISSN 2321-6883 (Online) Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 2017; 5(6):446-452 ISSN 2347-9515 (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Review Article Plant Names in Sanskrit: A Comparative Philological Investigation D. A. Patil1, S. K. Tayade2 1Post-Graduate Department of Botany, L. K. Dr. P. R. Ghogery Science College, Dhule-424 005, India 2Post-Graduate Department of Botany, P.S.G.V.P. Mandal’s Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada, District- Nandurbar – 425409, India *Corresponding author S. K. Tayade Email: [email protected] Abstract: Philological study helps trace genesis and development of names. Present study is aimed at revealing Sanskrit plant names in philological perspective. The same plants are also studied on the similar line having common names in other Indian languages viz. Marathi and Hindi, and as also in English. The bases of common plant names are then comparatively discussed. Thus as many as 50 plant species are critically studied revealing their commonalities and differences in bases of common names in different languages. At the same, heritability and rich wisdom of our ancients is thereby divulged. Keywords: Plant Names, Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, English, Philology. INTRODUCTION: again finding out the bases or reasons of coining names. Dependency of man on plant world has The present author and his associates during botanical perforce taught him many facts of life, whether material ethnobotanical forays interpreted bases of common or cultural life. Communication was a prime necessity names in different languages [1-10].Our attempts to for his cultural life, and therefore he named the objects. -
Assessment and Conservation of Forest Biodiversity in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India
Assessment and Conservation of Forest Biodiversity in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. 2. Assessment of Tree Biodiversity, Logging Impact and General Discussion. B.R. Ramesh, M.H. Swaminath, Santhoshagouda Patil, S. Aravajy, Claire Elouard To cite this version: B.R. Ramesh, M.H. Swaminath, Santhoshagouda Patil, S. Aravajy, Claire Elouard. Assessment and Conservation of Forest Biodiversity in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. 2. Assessment of Tree Biodiversity, Logging Impact and General Discussion.. Institut Français de Pondichéry, pp. 65-121, 2009, Pondy Papers in Ecology no. 7, Head of Ecology Department, Institut Français de Pondichéry, e-mail: [email protected]. hal-00408305 HAL Id: hal-00408305 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00408305 Submitted on 30 Jul 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. INSTITUTS FRANÇAIS DE RECHERCHE EN INDE FRENCH RESEARCH INSTITUTES IN INDIA PONDY PAPERS IN ECOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND CONSERVATION OF FOREST BIODIVERSITY IN THE WESTERN GHATS OF KARNATAKA, INDIA. 2. ASSESSMENT OF TREE BIODIVERSITY, LOGGING IMPACT AND GENERAL DISCUSSION. B.R. Ramesh M.H. Swaminath Santhoshagouda Patil S. Aravajy Claire Elouard INST1TUT FRANÇAIS DE PONDICHÉRY FRENCH INSTITUTE PONDICHERRY 7 PONDY PAPERS IN ECOLOGY No. -
Floral Diversity of Karianshola MPCA, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, with Special Emphasis on the Conservation of Ret and Endem
20653 VS Ramachandran et al./ Elixir Appl. Botany 66 (2014) 20653-20655 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Applied Botany Elixir Appl. Botany 66 (2014) 20653-20655 Floral diversity of Karianshola MPCA, Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu, with special emphasis on the conservation of ret and endemic plants of Anamalai hills VS Ramachandran*, S Selvalakshmi and T Betty Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore- 641046, Tamilnadu, India. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: To catalogue the medicinal plant wealth of Karian Shola MPCA, Coimbatore District of Received: 27 November 2013; Tamilnadu, Southern India and to categorize the RET status and their need for conservation Received in revised form: along with the Ethnobotanical knowledge of the medicinal plants. Field trips were made to 3 January 2014; collect the medicinal plants from Karian Shola MPCA, Anamalais, Coimbatore District, Accepted: 7 January 2014; Tamilnadu during January 1994 to December 1995. A total of 300 species of angiosperms, of which 6 are additions to the Flora of Tamilnadu, 50 endemic plants, 15 Red listed taxa, 20 Keywords highly traded medicinal plants and 27 ethno-medicinal Plants were documented from the Conservation, study area. The study emphasized the need for in situ conservation along with the wild Medicinal plants, plants used by the Malasars and Kadars were also provided. Karian Shola, © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved Anamalais, Coimbatore District, Western Ghats. Introduction program. Apart from conservation, it is necessary to document The Western Ghats biogeographic zone is rich in plant local indigenous knowledge on the use of plants for health care. diversity and it holds a number of endemic and potential plant The achievements of the project in its early years included species. -
In Vitro Study on Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aqueous Extract of Vateria Indica Resin
International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print), ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online) IJPBS | Volume 7 | Issue 3 | JUL-SEPT| 2017 | 129-135 Original Research Article – Biological Sciences| Open Access| UGC Approved | MCI Approved Journal IN VITRO STUDY ON ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF VATERIA INDICA RESIN S. Kavitha1* & A.P. Geethu2 1*Assistant Professor, Department Of Biochemistry, Rathnavel Subramaniam College Of Arts And Science, Sulur, Coimbatore- 641 042, Tamilnadu,India 2Department Of Biochemistry, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts and Science, Sulur, Coimbatore- 641 042, Tamilnadu, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Inflammation is a part of immune response. It comprises a complex array of adaptive responses to tissue injury which are both local and systemic. The sample was subject for phytochemical analysis to find the phytochemical constituents. The various phytochemical analysis like alkaloids, Phenol, Flavonoids, tannins, saponins etc., were done with different solvents. The result shows that aqueous sample possess the presence of phytochemical constitiuents. The Anti-inflammatory activity of Vateria indica resin was done by using Inhibition of albumin denaturation, Hypotonicity-induced hemolysis, Anti-lipoxygenase activity, Heat induced hemolysis and Proteinase inhibitory activity at various concentrations (100-500 μg/ml). A standard was used for comparison. The study reveals that the Aqueous extract of Vateria indica resin protects the albumin denaturation. Heat induced hemolysis, hypotonicity induced hemolysis and lipoxygenase activities were inhibited at higher concentration when compared to the standards. Current study demonstrates that the, Vateria indica resin can be used as an effective anti-inflammatory agent. The extracts showed more anti-inflammatory potential as the dose varies.