Plant Names in Sanskrit: a Comparative Philological Investigation D
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Factors Involved During in Vitro Culture of Calamus Rotang
Journal of Tropical Forest Science 10(2): 225 - 232 (1997) FACTORS INVOLVED DURIN VITRON GI CULTURF EO CALAMUS ROTANG Amitava Roy & P.K. Saha* Department of Botany, Bose Institute, 93/1, A.P.C. Road, Calcutta 700 009, India Received January 1996___________________________________________ ROY, A. & SAHA, P.K. 1997. Factors involved during in vitro culture of Calamus rotang. Calamus rotang is a subterranean woody monocot where in vitro multiplication tech- n alternativa e use b s niqu a y d ma e e proces r rapifo s d plant generation. Since subterrestrial young plantlets face a problem in establishment due to a high degree of contamination in the medium, to reduce contamination, chemicals were tested for sterilisatio e explantth f o n . Sodium hypochlorite (5. v/v 0% n combinatio i ) n with mercuric chloride (0.5 % w/v) resulted in the highest response. Explant establishment was dependent on their lengths as well as the plantlets from where the explants were derived. Explants of length 1.5-2.0cm derived from plantlets havin a glengt f 10-2o h showem c 0 a highed r rat f growto e h under culture conditions. Bud proliferation in explant was achieved in the establishment medium supplemented wit(6-benzylaminopurineP hBA ) (5-1 I"g 10m ) . Keywords: Calamus rotang establishmen- tmonoco- propagatio- t sterilisation- n ROY SAHA& . ,A , P.K. 1997. Faktor yang terlibat semasa kultu vitrorn i Calamus rotang. Calamus rotang ialah tumbuhan monokot subterranean yang menggunakan teknik pendaraban in vitro sebagai proses alternatif bagi generasi tumbuhan yang pantas. Oleh kerana anak pokok muda subdarat menghadapi masalah penubuhannya akibat daripada kontaminasi yang tinggi dalam medianya, bahan kimia diuj i bagi pensterilan tumbuhan luar untuk mengurangkan kontaminasi. -
A Compilation and Analysis of Food Plants Utilization of Sri Lankan Butterfly Larvae (Papilionoidea)
MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. August, 2014. Vol. 06, No. 02: pp. 110–131, pls. 12, 13. © Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Taprobanica Private Limited, Homagama, Sri Lanka http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PLANTS UTILIZATION OF SRI LANKAN BUTTERFLY LARVAE (PAPILIONOIDEA) Section Editors: Jeffrey Miller & James L. Reveal Submitted: 08 Dec. 2013, Accepted: 15 Mar. 2014 H. D. Jayasinghe1,2, S. S. Rajapaksha1, C. de Alwis1 1Butterfly Conservation Society of Sri Lanka, 762/A, Yatihena, Malwana, Sri Lanka 2 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies are poorly documented in the historical literature and there is a great need to identify LFPs in conservation perspectives. Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out during the past decade. A list of LFPs for 207 butterfly species (Super family Papilionoidea) of Sri Lanka is presented based on local studies and includes 785 plant-butterfly combinations and 480 plant species. Many of these combinations are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The impact of introducing new plants on the dynamics of abundance and distribution of butterflies, the possibility of butterflies being pests on crops, and observations of LFPs of rare butterfly species, are discussed. This information is crucial for the conservation management of the butterfly fauna in Sri Lanka. Key words: conservation, crops, larval food plants (LFPs), pests, plant-butterfly combination. Introduction Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis 1949). As all herbivorous insects show some and have two stages of food consumtion. -
Buitenzorg) KUNTH
CochlospermaceaeC.G.G.J. van SteenisBuitenzorg) 1. COCHLOSPERMUM KUNTH, Malvac. (1822) 6; DC. Prod. 1 (1824) 255; PLANCH, in HOOK. Lond. J. Bot. 6 (1847) 139, 294, 311; BOERL. Handl. 1, 1 (1890) 70; Cat. PI. H. B. 1 (1899) 49; RIDL. Fl. Mai. Pen. 1 (1922) 252; PILG. in E. & P. ed. 2, 21 (1925) 316; STEEN. Bull. J.B.B. Ill, 13 (1936) 519; BACKER, Bekn. Fl. Java 4a (1942) no 83. Trees (or shrubs), often deciduous, producing gum and an orange juice. Leaves spread, palmatilobed, often with domatia in the axils of the main ribs; stipules caducous. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, showy, mostly golden-yellow, pani- culate or racemose. Sepals 5 imbricate. Petals 5, imbricate or contorted, emarginate. Stamens with free filaments, anthers basi- ~, equal or subequal; 2-celled, linear, fixed, opening by introrse, short, often confluent pore-like slits. Ovary 1-celled with laminal placentas projecting into the cell, or perfectly or imperfectly 3-celled, the ovules upper portion remaining 1-celled; ~, style simple, stigma punctiform. Capsule 3—5-valved, valves of the endocarp separating from and alternating with those of the pericarp. Seeds covered by woolly hairs, mostly cochleate-reniform; endosperm copious, rich in oil; embryo large, conforming to the shape of the seed; cotyledons broad. Distr. in in Africa and Ca 15 spp., mostly trop. and subtropical America, some trop. SE. Asia, 3 species in N. Australia, rare in Malaysia; G. gillivrayi is possibly the only native Malaysian species. LAM assumed the genus to belong to the ‘antarctic’ type(Blumea 1 (1935) 135), but it is manifestly peri-tropical. -
In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Cochlospermum Religiosum (L.) Alston - a Potent Medicinal Plant
ISSN (E): 2349 – 1183 ISSN (P): 2349 – 9265 4(1): 13–19, 2017 DOI: 10.22271/tpr.201 7.v4.i1 .003 Research article In Vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical screening of Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston - A potent medicinal plant Pooja Ponnamma, G. Manasa, M. S. Sudarshana, M. Murali and C. Mahendra* University of Mysore, Department of Studies in Botany, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570006, Karnataka, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 12 January 2017] Abstract: The work is undertaken to evaluate the preliminary phytochemicals, antibacterial and antioxidants activity of Cochlospermum religiosum leaf extracts with three solvents via chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol based on polarity index. The antibacterial activity was assessed against five bacterial pathogens like Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by well diffusion assay. Among the tested pathogens, the maximum zone of inhibition was observed against E. coli (26 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (23 mm) in ethyl acetate extracts compare to other solvent extracts. Phytochemical analysis also revealed the presence of various pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, sterols, etc. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH scavenging, total phenolic and phospho- molybdenum method. In DPPH assay, ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most effective. Similarly, total phenols and phospho-molybdenum assay the methanol extracts was found to contained good sources of antioxidants. The outcomes of the present study specified the plant possess various potentially active secondary metabolites which help for the developing pharmaceuticals, especially antioxidant and antimicrobial drugs. Keywords: Cochlospermum religiosum, Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidants, DPPH. -
Anthocephalus Cadamba
Anthocephalus cadamba Scientific Classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Anthocephalus Species: cadamba Varnacular Name: Kadamb www.kamakotimandali.com Plant profile It is a large tree with a broad crown and straight cylindrical bole. It is quick growing, large; has large spreading and grows rapidly in first 6-8 year and produces golden ball of flowers. The tree may reach a height of 45 m with trunk diameters of 100-(160) cm. The tree sometimes has small buttresses and a broad crown. The bark is grey, smooth in young trees, rough and longitudinally fissured in old trees. Leaves glossy green, opposite, simple more or less sessile to petiolate, ovate to elliptical (15-50 x 8-25 cm). Flowers inflorescence in clusters; terminal globose heads without bracteoles, subsessile fragrant, orange or yellow flowers; Flowers bisexual, 5-merous, calyx tube funnel-shaped, corolla gamopetalous saucer- shaped with a narrow tube, the narrow lobes imbricate in bud. Uses The timber is used for plywood, light construction, pulp and paper, boxes and crates, dug-out canoes, and furniture components. Kadamba yields a pulp of satisfactory brightness and performance as a hand sheet. The wood can be easily impregnated with synthetic resins to increase its density and compressive strength. The alkaloids cadamine and isocadamine are isolated from the leaves of Kadamba. Kadamb tree leaves is used for curing diabetes: Composition cadambine and dihydroconchonine, two types of alkaloids prepared from the extracts of the Kadamb tree (Mitragyna parvifolia) leaves, when taken for a period ranging from 4-10 months cures diabetes. -
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Guizotia Abyssinica from Ethiopia Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Hereditas 144: 18Á24 (2007) Analysis of genetic diversity of Guizotia abyssinica from Ethiopia using inter simple sequence repeat markers YOHANNES PETROS1, ARNULF MERKER1 and HABTAMU ZELEKE2 1Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden 2Alemaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Petros, Y., Merker, A. and Zeleke, H. 2006. Analysis of genetic diversity of Guizotia abyssinica from Ethiopia using inter simple sequence repeat markers. * Hereditas 144:18Á24. Lund, Sweden. eISSN 1601-5223. Received August 10, 2006. Accepted November 28, 2006 Within and among population genetic diversity of 37 Guizotia abyssinica populations from Ethiopia were analyzed using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Five primers amplified a total of 118 genomic DNA fragments across a total of 370 individuals of which 106 were polymorphic (89.83%). The average number of polymorphic bands per primer was 21.2. More bands were generated by primer UBC 888 (BDB(CA)7. The total genetic diversity (Ht) and the coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) were 0.4115 and 0.0918 respectively, while the within population genetic diversity (Hs) and the among population genetic diversity(Dst) were 0.3738 and 0.03776 respectively suggesting more variability within the populations than among them. The standard genetic distances between the G. abyssinica populations of the eight regions ranged from 0.0281 (between Wollo and Gojam) to 0.1148 (between Jimma and Hararghe). Generally, the standard genetic distances are smaller between populations of neighboring regions and highest between those of Jimma and the other regions, ranging from 0.0696 (between Jimma and Shewa) to 0.1148 (between Jimma and Hararghe). The ISSR based UPGMA clustering using the standardized genetic distances matrix also placed populations from neighboring regions closer than those from farther apart areas, while the UPGMA clustering by regions based on the standard genetic distances produced three clusters following the proximity and the contiguity of the regions. -
Ethno-Medico-Botanical Studies from Rayalaseema Region of Southern Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India
Ethnobotanical Leaflets 10: 198-207. 2006. Ethno-Medico-Botanical Studies From Rayalaseema Region Of Southern Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India Dowlathabad Muralidhara Rao ,* U.V.U.Bhaskara Rao,# and G.Sudharshanam# *Natural Products Research Division Department of Biotechnology SriKrishnadevaraya University(SKU)Herbarium Anantapur INDIA #Department of Botany SriVenkateswara University Tirupati,A.P.INDIA [email protected] [email protected] Issued 11 August 2006 ABSTRACT This paper deals with Ethno- Medico botanical Studies of Rayalaseema Region, Andhra Pradesh, India. An ethno- botanical survey was carried out in Seshachalam hills of Chittoor District, Palakondas and Lankamalais of Kadapa District, Errmalais and Nallamalai hills of Kurnool District and some other isolated hill ranges in Ananthapur District are Kalasamudram-Nigidi forest range, Amagondapalem hills and Kikati forest. INTRODUCTION Ralayaseema region lies between 120 411 and 160 211 N and 170 451 and 810 11 E. The area bounded on the south by Tamilnadu state on the East Guntur and Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh as also the Bay of Bengal sea cost and west by the Karnataka state, Mahaboobnagar districts as north side. The region accounts or 26% of total area of the Andhra Pradesh state. The district wide split up area is Kurnool, Ananthapur, Kadapa and Chittoor respectively.The area in the Rayalaseema especially covers southern most part of the EasternGhats. The principle hill ranges in Rayalaseema region are Nallamalais, Erramalais, Veligondas, Palakondas, Lankamalais, Horsely Hills and Seshachalam hills. Apart from this there are some isolated hill ranges in Ananthapur district are Kalasamudram – Nigidi forest range, Amagondapalem hills and Kikati forest area. -
Riparsaponin Isolated from Homonoia Riparia Lour Induces Apoptosis of Oral Cancer Cells
ONCOLOGY LETTERS 14: 6841-6846, 2017 Riparsaponin isolated from Homonoia riparia Lour induces apoptosis of oral cancer cells TIECHENG LI1 and LEI WANG2 1Department of Stomatology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000; 2Department of Stomatology, Daqing LongNan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163453, P.R. China Received May 31, 2016; Accepted July 21, 2017 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7043 Abstract. Homonoia riparia Lour (Euphorbiaceae) is a of the oral cavity, is the sixth most common type of cancer known source of herbal medicine in China, and riparsaponin globally (1-3). It has been reported that developing countries (RSP) is an active constituent isolated from H. riparia. The have the highest incidence rates of OSCC and it is expected aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor that the incidence will continue to increase (4); furthermore, effect of RSP on human oral carcinoma cells and its potential OSCC commonly occurs in middle-aged and elderly males underlying molecular mechanism. RSP was isolated from roots because of tobacco and alcohol use (5). OSCC commonly of H. riparia and identified using nuclear magnetic resonance. occurs in the tissues of the oral cavity, including the gingiva, An MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of RSP tongue, lip, hard palate, buccal mucosa and mouth floor (4,6). on human oral carcinoma cells. Subsequently, DAPI staining OSCC exhibits a marked propensity for invasive growth and was performed to investigate the apoptotic effect of RSP. To metastasis, leading to damage of the original tissues or that investigate the potential underlying molecular mechanism of of distant organs (2,4). -
Seedimages Species Database List
Seedimages.com Scientific List (possibly A. cylindrica) Agropyron trachycaulum Ambrosia artemisifolia (R) not Abelmoschus esculentus Agrostemma githago a synonym of A. trifida Abies concolor Agrostis alba Ambrosia confertiflora Abronia villosa Agrostis canina Ambrosia dumosa Abronia villosum Agrostis capillaris Ambrosia grayi Abutilon theophrasti Agrostis exarata Ambrosia psilostachya Acacia mearnsii Agrostis gigantea Ambrosia tomentosa Acaena anserinifolia Agrostis palustris Ambrosia trifida (L) Acaena novae-zelandiae Agrostis stolonifera Ammi majus Acaena sanguisorbae Agrostis tenuis Ammobium alatum Acalypha virginica Aira caryophyllea Amorpha canescens Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus Alcea ficifolia Amsinckia intermedia Acanthospermum hispidum Alcea nigra Amsinckia tessellata Acer rubrum Alcea rosea Anagallis arvensis Achillea millifolium Alchemilla mollis Anagallis monellii Achnatherum brachychaetum Alectra arvensis Anaphalis margaritacea Achnatherum hymenoides Alectra aspera Andropogon bicornis Acmella oleracea Alectra fluminensis Andropogon flexuosus Acroptilon repens Alectra melampyroides Andropogon gerardii Actaea racemosa Alhagi camelorum Andropogon gerardii var. Adenostoma fasciculatum Alhagi maurorum paucipilus Aegilops cylindrica Alhagi pseudalhagi Andropogon hallii Aegilops geniculata subsp. Allium canadense Andropogon ternarius geniculata Allium canadense (bulb) Andropogon virginicus Aegilops ovata Allium cepa Anemone canadensis Aegilops triuncialis Allium cernuum Anemone cylindrica Aeginetia indica Allium fistulosum Anemone -
Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem
Check List 9(2): 186–207, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir PECIES S OF Mandar Nilkanth Datar 1* and P. Lakshminarasimhan 2 ISTS L (Molem) National Park, Goa, India *1 CorrespondingAgharkar Research author Institute, E-mail: G. [email protected] G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004. Maharashtra, India. 2 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711 103. West Bengal, India. Abstract: Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, the only National park in Goa, was evaluated for it’s diversity of Angiosperms. A total number of 721 wild species belonging to 119 families were documented from this protected area of which 126 are endemics. A checklist of these species is provided here. Introduction in the National Park are Laterite and Deccan trap Basalt Protected areas are most important in many ways for (Naik, 1995). Soil in most places of the National Park area conservation of biodiversity. Worldwide there are 102,102 is laterite of high and low level type formed by natural Protected Areas covering 18.8 million km2 metamorphosis and degradation of undulation rocks. network of 660 Protected Areas including 99 National Minerals like bauxite, iron and manganese are obtained Parks, 514 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 43 Conservation. India Reserves has a from these soils. The general climate of the area is tropical and 4 Community Reserves covering a total of 158,373 km2 with high percentage of humidity throughout the year. -
The Status of Palm Taxonomy* Hanor-L E
64 PRINCIPES [Vol. 3 The Status of Palm Taxonomy* Hanor-l E. Moone, Jn. It may be well, at the outsetof a con- plants, some accounts dating back to sideration of palm taxonomy, to define Greek civilization. Few palms were the term taxonomy. Briefly, it concerns known to the ancients. however. and the identification, naming, and classifi- even in 1753 Linnaeus wrote about only cation of plants (or animals). Identifi- nins-hssa Catechu (the betel palm), cation is the determination of a plant as Borassusflabellit'er (the toddy palm of being identical with or similar to another India), Calamus Rotang (a rattan and already known plant or, if all known palm), Caryota urens (an Indian fish- possibilities are eliminated, its determi- tail palm) , Chamaerops humilis (the nation as new to science. Naming in- only palm native in Europe) , Cocosnu' volves the determination of the correct cilera (the coconut), Corypha umbracu' name of a known plant according to the tilera (the talipot palm of India), and nomenclatural system accepted inter- two date palms, Phoenix dactylifera, or nationally, so we may have a means of the cultivated date, and the wild date referring to the plant. Classification is which he called El,ate sylaestris, btft the placing of a plant or group of plants which we know today as Phoenix sylaes' in categories within the framework of tris. Linnaeus depended largely on a mastersystem which tries to show rela- earlier accountsfor his study-those of tionships among the various components Rheedewho wrote o{ the Malabar coast of the plant kingdom. Ideally, all the in India, of Rumphius, whose Het Am- techniques of the science of botany boinscheKrui.d,-Boek or Herbarium Am- should be used in the identification, boinense published in 174I-1755 des- naming, and classification of plants- cribed palms and many other plants of morphology and anatomy (the study of the Moluccas and adjacent areas, and the external and internal structure of a of other writers who recorded botanical plant), cytology and genetics (the study information noted in their travels. -
Genetic Diversity, Phylogenetics and Molecular Systematics of Guizotia Cass
Genetic Diversity, Phylogenetics and Molecular Systematics of Guizotia Cass. (Asteraceae) Mulatu Geleta Faculty of Landscape Planning, Horticulture and Agricultural Science Department of Plant Protection Biology Alnarp Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp 2007 Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae 2007:27 ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN 978-91-576-7326-8 © 2007 Mulatu Geleta, Alnarp Tryck: SLU Service/Repro, Alnarp 2007 Abstract Geleta, M. 2007. Genetic diversity, phylogenetics and molecular systematics of Guizotia Cass. (Asteraceae). Doctoral dissertation. ISSN 1652-6880, ISBN 978-91-576-7326-8. The genus Guizotia belongs to the tribe Heliantheae in the family Asteraceae. It has been placed under different subtribes. The genus has its center of origin, distribution and genetic diversity in Ethiopia, where G. abyssinica (niger) has been domesticated. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and DNA sequencing were applied to study the genetic diversity, phylogenetics, and molecular systematics of this genus. A large number of niger populations, representing all regions in Ethiopia where this crop is grown, was investigated using AFLP and RAPD molecular marker techniques. The extent of genetic variation in niger is distributed throughout its growing regions, regardless of the extent and altitude of cultivation. Despite the fact that most of the variation was within populations, significant population differentiation was obtained (AMOVA; P < 0.001) in all guizotias. It is concluded that both G. abyssinica and its wild and/or weedy relatives have wide genetic bases that need to be conserved and utilized for the improvement of G. abyssinica. Further collection of niger germplasm and exploration and conservation of highly localized guizotias are recommended.