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Ezra Pound's Translation, Modernist Poetics and Global Modernism

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Ezra Pound's Translation, Modernist Poetics and Global Modernism Ezra Pound’s Translation, Modernist Poetics and Global Modernism Yihui Liu BA (CSU, China, 2009), MA (CSU, China, 2012) This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia School of Humanities English and Cultural Studies 2017 Abstract Abstract This dissertation investigates Ezra Pound’s translation theories and his translation of classical Chinese poetry and Confucian classics to analyse the role of translation in constituting world literature. Ezra Pound (1885-1972), an influential Modernist pioneer, is also a highly influential translator. After inheriting Fenollosa’s manuscripts, Pound translated a number of classical Chinese poems and published them in Cathay (1915). In World War II, he began to translate Confucian masterpieces including The Analects, The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean. Through translation, Pound developed his modernist poetics and achieved global impact. What constitutes the relationship between translation and Pound’s poetics? How has translation shaped Pound’s poetics, and how can translation be understood as one of the foundation of global Modernism? This study argues that translation, a transcultural and transnational activity, not only influences Pound’s Modernist poetics but also promotes its contest across temporal and spatial boundaries in global Modernism. After contextualizing recent debates on Pound’s translation in the introduction, Chapter One considers Pound’s influence on Western translation studies, proposing that Pound’s translation theories promote the shift from translation as transference to translation as transformation in translation studies. Chapter Two examines Pound’s translation theories as they developed over the three stages of his literary career, so as to understand both his linguistic positivism and his creative translation method. Chapter Three, on Cathay, investigates Pound’s cyclical historicism and Imagism, analysing the role of image in crossing temporal boundaries. ii Abstract Chapter Four is a corpus-assisted, linguistic study of Pound’s Confucian translation. In comparison with James Legge and Arthur Waley, Pound’s translational style is statistically explored in terms of both syntax and semantics. Moreover, Pound’s creativity in his Confucian translation was also associated with his poetics. Chapter Five explores how Pound’s poetics overcame spatial limitations and exerted impact on global Modernism, arguing that Brazilian Concretism, Chinese Modernist Imagism and Japanese VOU poets all benefited from translating Pound’s poetry. Finally, the dissertation concludes with an examination of the role of translation in global Modernism and a reconsideration of the relationship between translation and world literature. iii Thesis Declaration Thesis Declaration I, Yihui Liu, certify that: This thesis has been substantially accomplished during enrolment in the degree. This thesis does not contain material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in my name, in any university or other tertiary institution. No part of this work will, in the future, be used in a submission in my name, for any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution without the prior approval of The University of Western Australia and where applicable, any partner institution responsible for the joint-award of this degree. This thesis does not contain any material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. The work(s) are not in any way a violation or infringement of any copyright, trademark, patent, or other rights whatsoever of any person. This thesis contains only sole-authored work, some of which has been published and/or prepared for publication under sole authorship. Signature: Date: 15 November 2017 iv Authorship Declaration: Sole Author Publications Authorship Declaration: Sole Author Publications This thesis contains the following sole-authored work that has been prepared for publication. Details of the work: Book: Ezra Pound’s Translation, Modernist Poetics and Global Modernism by Routledge publisher Location in thesis: The whole thesis Signature: Date: 15 November 2017 v Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisors Prof. Philip Mead, Associate Prof. Meng Ji, and Assistant Prof. Yi Wang for providing me with the opportunity to work on this interesting and rewarding project. I am especially indebted to Philip, Meng and Yi, not only for their academic input and guidance for the project, but also for their encouragement and support throughout my study. I would like to thank all my fellow postgraduates for making my stay in Australia very pleasurable. I enjoyed working with you and cherish the friendship from you all. I am also grateful to Dr. Wenjing Bai, Dr. Weina Fan and Ms Iris Fan for their constant support, patience, and assistance. I wish to express my thanks to the staff of English and Cultural Studies in the School of Humanities, and in particular to Professor Kieran Dolin and Associate Professor Tony Hughes-d’Aeth. In addition, I would like to thank China Scholarship Council (CSC) for funding this project and also the support from Education Office of Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Australia. I give my greatest gratitude to my parents for their everlasting support during all my time spent at educational institutions. Your contributions are invaluable. Finally to my husband Haifeng, your support, understanding and encouragement over the years have given me strength to tackle challenges on my way to chasing my dream, especially during the hard times. vi Abbreviations Abbreviations ABCR Pound, Ezra. ABC of Reading. London: George Routledge and Sons, 1934. CA Pound, Ezra. Confucian Analects. London: Peter Owen, 1956. Print. Cantos Pound, Ezra. The Cantos of Ezra Pound. New collected ed. London: Faber and Faber, 1964. Con Pound, Ezra. Confucius: Digest of the Analects & Unwobbling Pivot. 1951. Rpt. in Ezra Pound: Poems and Translations. Ed. Richard Sieburth. New York: Lib. Of America, 2003. 613-55. Print. EW Pound, Ezra. Ezra Pound: Early Writing, Poems and Prose. Ed. Ira Bruce Nadel. New York: Penguin Books Group, 2005. GB Pound, Ezra, ed. Gaudier-Brzeska: A Memoir. 1916. London: Laidlaw & Laidlaw, 1939. GK Pound, Ezra. Guide to Kulchur. London: Faber and Faber, 1938. LE Pound, Ezra. Literary Essays of Ezra Pound. Ed. and introd. T. S. Eliot. London: Faber and Faber, 1954. MN Pound, Ezra. Make It New: Essays by Ezra Pound. London: Faber and Faber, 1934. PSL Pound, Ezra, and Dorothy Shakespear. Ezra Pound and Dorothy Shakespear: Their Letters 1909-1914. Ed. Omar Pound and A. Walton Litz. New York: New Directions, 1984. SL Pound, Ezra. The Selected Letters of Ezra Pound: 1907-1941. 1950. Ed. D. D. Paige. New York: New Directions Publishing, 1971. vii Abbreviations SP Pound, Ezra. Ezra Pound: Selected Prose 1909-1965. Ed. William Cookson. London: Faber and Faber, 1973. SR Pound, Ezra. The Spirit of Romance. Norfolk: New Directions, 1952. viii List of Tables List of Tables Table 1. Pound’s, Waley’s and Legge’s Backgrounds ............................................................ 144 Table 2. Occurrences of 15 different parts of speech in the Pound and Legge texts .............. 147 Table 3. Frequencies of 15 different parts of speech in the Pound and Waley texts .............. 149 Table 4. Distribution of subjective pronoun in the Pound, Waley and Legge texts ................ 151 Table 5. Distribution of CCB, CS and CST in Pound, Waley and Legge texts ...................... 156 Table 6. Distribution of “Be” verbs in the Pound, Waley and Legge texts ............................. 159 Table 7. Distribution of Do verbs in the Pound, Waley and Legge texts ................................ 160 Table 8. Distribution of lexical verbs in the Pound, Waley and Legge texts .......................... 161 Table 9. Frequencies of positive and negative emotion words in the Pound and Waley texts 164 Table 10. Frequency of positive and negative emotion words in the Pound and Legge texts 164 Table 11. Semantic Tagger of rén and lĭ in the three texts ..................................................... 165 ix List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1. Parallel Corpus of The Analects ............................................................................... 142 Figure 2. Distribution of Pronoun in Three Texts ................................................................... 151 Figure 3. Frequencies of Conjunctions in three texts .............................................................. 155 Figure 4. Distribution of verbs in the Pound, Waley and Legge texts ..................................... 159 x Table of Contents Contents Abstract...................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. vi Authorship Declaration: Sole Author Publications ................................................................v Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ ix List of Figures .............................................................................................................................x
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