369

Index

a aerospace companies Aachen 285. See also Stawag in the PV sector 110 feed-in tariffs 118, 284 Affirma Aachen, University of Isofotón 215 Lindmayer, Joseph 168 Agenda 21 116 Abu Dhabi National Oil Company Agip 219 246, 247. See also ADMA-OPCO Pragma 108 ACORE. See American Council on agro- Renewable Energy Fraunhofer ISE 155 ADMA-OPCO 246, 247 air mass 11 Advanced Micro Devices 83 definition 339 Advanced Photovoltaic Systems in test standards 273 (APS) 91 Alba Corporation BP Solar 208 Isofotón 215 Chronar 209 albedo effect 53, 67 Advanced Technology Program. See Alicudi Island project 211 NIST-ATP Allen, Jonathan AEG Solartechnik Kiss, Zoltan 165 ASE 205 Allison, Dr. John 197 Fraunhofer ISE 251 Alpha Real 234 Hoffmann, Winfried 162 net metering 40 Mertig, Dieter 201 Real, Markus 177 profile & peopleCOPYRIGHTED 200 solar MATERIAL car race 44 Schmidt, Eckehard 201 Alsthom top-5 producer 268 de Franclieu, Robert 151 UNSW-SPREE 258 Remy, Claude 178 AEG-Telefunken. See AEG Altener Programme 260 Solartechnik Alvesalo, Dr. Tapio 35, 106, 197 aeroplanes, solar-powered Fabre, Emmanuel 152 232 interview 308

The Solar Generation: Childhood and Adolescence of Terrestrial Photovoltaics, First Edition. Philip R. Wolfe.  2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 370 Index

Alvesalo, Dr. Tapio (Continued) Antec Solar 58, 268 Neste 108, 239 Bonnet, Dieter 148 profile & career 140 anti-reflective coatings 52 American Council on Renewable Apollo 11 231 Energy (ACORE) 183 Apollon Solar American Society de Franclieu, Robert 152 Böer, Karl 147 Applied Materials 268 Amoco 91, 268 Eberspacher, Chris 196 acquisition of 230 Gay, Charlie 154 Lindmayer, Joseph 168 HCT Shaping Systems 237 Solarex 106, 108, 229 Hoffmann, Winfried 162 Amoco/Enron Solar 229 Applied Solar Energy (α-Si) 59, 62, 91, Corporation 267 165, 292 Berman, Elliot 145 applications 36, 37, 126 block-buys 276 cell efficiency record 272 Applied Solar Energy GmbH. See ASE companies 60, 165, 166, 179, 201, April Fool’s Day 295 203, 204, 208, 211, 216, 220–222, Archer, Dr. Mary 196 224, 229, 230, 234, 238, 240 books 318 definition 339 Arco Solar 15, 47, 51, 57 discovery 59, 249 Aschenbrenner, Peter 141 hybrids 60, 63, 158, 203, 204 Atlantic Richfield 108 low light performance 60, 166 Berman, Elliot 145 market penetration 134, 136 Blieden, Dick 145, 196 multi-junction 60, 63 block-buys 276 patent 91, 208, 220, 315 Carrisa Plain project 20, 41, 42, 109, researchers 141, 142, 146, 149, 150, 148, 203, 211 158, 162, 165, 166, 173, 175, 184, cell efficiency record 272 185, 248, 249, 258 distributors 85 structure 59 Dyer, Tom 196 stability 59 ECD 203, 211 thin film 345 exhibitions 292 Anderson, Jerry Harper, Brian 159 Arco Solar 203 Jester, Terry 162 Anderson, Robert Kaufman, Bob 196, 268 Atlantic Richfield 202 leading producer 203 Angewandte Solarenergie. See ASE Lugo project 41, 148 Annan, Robert (Bud) 197 McKenzie, Peter 196 US Department of Energy 265 Muhn, Rob 196, 206 World Bank 266 Nagib, Salama 206 Ansaldo 268 overseas offices 141 EPIA 261 patent 91 Eurosolare 220 potential management buy-out 113 Index 371

profile & people 201 ASES. See American Solar Energy PV Electric 44 Society SEIA 265 Asia/Pacific PVSEC Conference. See Showa-Shell 111, 224 Conferences, Asia-Pacific Siemens 111, 204, 225 award 301 solar fridge 35 Asia Sustainable and Alternative solar modules 44, 65, 67 Energy Program (ASTAE) Solar Technology International World Bank 266 194, 202 Asociación de la Industria Fotovoltaica SolarWorld 196, 202, 204 (ASIF) 113 Spiers, David 240 Assosolare 113 successor website 329 Simoni, Giovanni 182 thin films 60, 63 AstroPower Corporation 50 top producer 268 Aschenbrenner, Peter 142 Yerkes, Bill 194 Barnett, Allen 143 Arnault, Ron 148, 195, 196, 203 profile & people 206 array structures 19, 71 silicon film 55 adjustable tilt 71 on stock market 112 Asahi Glass 110 top-5 producer 268 Asbach, Frank 106, 196 Astrosystems Inc Aschenbrenner, Peter 16, 109 AstroPower 206 Arco Solar 204 Atersa AstroPower 206 AstroPower 206 Hubert Aulich 142 Atlantic Richfield. See also Arco Solar interview 308 Arco Solar 108, 113 profile & career 141 atomic energy. See nuclear energy PV Electric 142 ATS 56, 268 Siemens 204, 225 de Franclieu, Robert 152 Stanford University 257 Photowatt 219 SunPower 233 Remy, Claude 178 ASE (Angewandte Solarenergie) 111 Woerner, Klaus 219 DASA 201 AT&T 247 Gay, Charlie 154 auction 292 Hoffmann, Winfried 162 Cannes 1980 88 Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohn Aulich, Dr. Hubert (MBB) 267 Aschenbrenner, Peter 142 Nukem 216 interview 308 Phototronics Solartechnik (PST) profile & career 142 234 PV Electric 142 profile & people 205 PV Silicon 235 top-5 producer 268 Siemens 225 ASE America 205 Aurora 44 372 Index

Austria storage 21 solar policies 127 battery chargers automated production 202, 229 solar-powered 38 Automatic Power 28 battery monitoring 73 Autovent BayWa-r.e. solar ventilator for cars 37 Simoni, Giovanni 182 availability of energy 26 Becquerel, Antoine César 9 azimuth angle 11 Becquerel, Edmond 9 Azur satellite 201 Becquerel family 3, 9 Becquerel Prize b profile & winners 300 Baccini, Prof. Peter Bell Laboratories 3, 11, 15, 267 Real, Markus 177 Goetzberger, Adolf 155 Backus, Dr. Charles NREL 254 awards 290, 300 Raisbeck, Gordon 29 Bacon, Nancy Benemann, Joachim 197 ECD 265 awards 294, 301 Bailey, Dr. Sheila books 236 conferences 297 EPIA 261 NASA 196 Flachglas Solartechnik 235 balance-of-system interview 307, 315 cost 98 profile & career 143 definition 339 Bergé Group Balance-of-Systems Specialists 44, 73 Isofotón 215 bandgap 14, 56–58, 60 Berkeley, University of California Barnett, Allen 106 at 61 AstroPower 206 Berlin railway station 66, 302 awards 143, 291, 300, 302 solar roof 39 conferences 290 Berman, Dr. Elliot 4 Delaware University 248 Arco Solar 202 interview 307 interview 308, 318 profile & career 143 profile & career 144 SEIA 265 Corporation 106, 226 Barthez, Roland Bern University Total Energie 233 solar car race 44 Battelle Institute Bevan, Godfrey Bonnet, Dieter 148 interview 308 batteries 72 UK Department of Energy 286 cost 98 Beyond Petroleum 108, 208 lead-acid 21 Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited life 22 (BHEL) 267 nickel-metal-hydride 173, 211 bifacial modules sealed 21, 72 Isofotón 214 Index 373 bifacial solar cell 53, 66, 67, 169, 214, conferences 289 253 Delaware University 247 biomass energy 27 interview 308, 318 Bishop, Dr. James profile & career 146 JRC Ispra 252 Shell 223 Bjørseth, Dr. Alf 196 Bonda, John 197 Blaesser, Dr. Gerd awards 294, 301 JRC Ispra 252 Bonda Prize 302 Blakers, Dr. Andrew EPIA 114, 171, 261 UNSW-SPREE 258 profile & career 147 Blättler, Theo 284 Shell-Eskom 41 Blieden, Richard (Dick) 196 Bonda Prize 66, 302 Berman, Elliot 145 inaugurated 147 Block-buys, JPL 119, 133, 276, 278, profile & winners 302 367 Bonnet, Dr. Dieter 58, 197 blocking diode 65 awards 148, 301 block purchases 117 conferences 289 Bloss, Prof. Werner 58, 197 profile & career 148 awards 146, 294, 300, 302 Boomer 240 conferences 292 Booth, Roger Hoffmann, Winfried 161 Shell International 224 Nukem 216 Borschberg, André profile & career 145 solar-powered plane 45 Stuttgart University (IPE) 257 Bos, Herman Blue Mountain Energy Shell-Eskom 41 Firor, Kay 109 Boston College BMC Solartechnik 268 Willis, Bob 192 EPIA 261 Boston University BMFT 124, 334 Berman, Elliot 144 AEG-Telefunken 201 Botswana MITI Japan 264 solar policies 127 1000 roofs 285 Bouverat, Philip 238 Stuttgart University 257 BP Solar 57, 91, 92, 111 boats Advanced Photovoltaic solar power for 44, 67, 70, 81 Systems 209 Boeing Company 110, 194, 267 British Petroleum 108 Spectrolab 231 Bruton, Tim 196 Yerkes, Bill 195 EPIA 261 Böer Medal 147, 248 Evans, Dick 196 profile & winners 302 IES-UPM 253 Böer, Prof. Karl 58, 198 leading producer 208 awards 147 liquidation 113 books 147, 318, 328 profile & people 207 374 Index

BP Solar (Continued ) books 314 Saturn modules 70, 208, 258 Stanford University 257 Shah, Dipesh 180 Budapest, Technical University of Shimp, Harry 208 Lindmayer, Joseph 168 top producer 268 Bundesministerium für Forschung und UNSW-SPREE 258 Technologie. See BMFT Wohlgemuth, John 196 Bundestag Wolfe, Philip 192 solar roof 39 Brandhorst, Dr. Henry 58, 254 Burgdorf, Switzerland awards 290, 300 feed-in tariffs 284, 285 conferences 290 Burke, Lt Col Allan NASA 196 Prince, Morton 175 Brannigan, Stuart Bush, President George (Sr) 120 EPIA 261 administration 255 Brazil Business Council for Sustainable solar policies 127 Energy British Broadcasting Corporation 300 Sklar, Scott 183 British Petroleum 108, 207 Butt, Sheldon Amoco 91 SEIA 264 BP Solar 108, 113 bypass diode 65, 75 Lucas Industries 111 British Photovoltaic Association c (PV-UK) 113 Cable & Wireless 247 Hill, Bob 161 Cabraal, Dr. Anil McNelis, Bernard 171 awards 267, 302 Wolfe, Philip 193 books 267 Brookhaven National Laboratory World Bank 266 NREL 255 cadmium 91 US DOE 266 toxicity 58 Browne, John cadmium-sulphide (CdS) 58, 59, 292 books 316 companies 58, 216, 223, 233 BP 230 researchers 146, 148, 161, 173, 248 Brown & Root 247 window layer 62 Brullet, Miguel (architect) 39 cadmium-sulphide/copper-sulphide Brusseau, William (Bill) 196 (Cusub2/subS/CdS). See Solar Power Corporation 227 cadmium-sulphide (CdS) Bruton, Dr. Timothy (Tim) 196 cadmium-telluride (CdTe) 58 BP Solar 208 cell efficiency record 272 ’MUSIC FM’ report 316 companies 58, 148, 208, 230, 233 BSW-Solar 113 researchers 148, 195, 240, 248, Cramer, Günther 150 257 Hoffmann, Winfried 162 solar cell 58 Bube, Prof. Richard thin film 345 Index 375

Cadonau, Gallus Carrisa Plain project. See Arco Solar solar car races 44 cars, solar-powered 43 calculators Carter, President James (Jimmy) 119 solar-powered 36 administration 255 Caldwell, James (Jim) 91, 107, 197 awards 302 Arco Solar 204 Goldsmith, Dr. John 156 interview 308, 315 Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 profile & career 148 Solar Energy Research Institute 176 California Institute of Technology solar on White House 265 (CalTech) US DOE 265 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 252 Caruso, Paul 196 Camarillo manufacturing 202 Solar Power Corporation 227 Cambridge University 247 cathodic protection 22, 30 Wolfe, Philip 192 CEC 259. See also European Cameron, Dr. Murray Commission EPIA 171, 261 CEC DG-DEVCO. See CEC DG-VIII interview 308 CEC DG-ENER. See CEC DG-XVII Canada CEC DG-RTD. See CEC DG-XII solar policies 127 CEC DG-VIII Canadian Coast Guard 28, 246 European Commission 123, 260 Canadian Solar CEC DG-XII 122, 123, 260, 278 de Franclieu, Robert 152 European Commission 122, 260 Qu, Dr. Shawn 152 CEC DG-XVII 123 Canadian Solar Industry Association European Commission 123, 260 (CanSIA) 113 cell efficiency records 272 Canal, Bernard amorphous silicon 221 Photowatt 196, 219 mono- 221 Canon 91 cell testers ECD 212 Spire 243 Capps, Clive 171 Centralab 110 Solar Power Corporation 227 Central Electronics Limited (CEL) 267 caravans Centre for Alternative Technology solar power for 36, 64, 81 IT Power 239 carbon emissions 5, 27 Centre National de la Recherche Carlson, Dr. David (Dave) Scientifique 87 acknowledgement 11 Centre Regional d’Energie Solaire awards 290, 300, 302 (CRES) 123 BP Solar 208 Chambers, Robert (Bob) 196, 202 interview 308, 315 Chaperon, Arnaud Lindmayer, Joseph 106 Total Energie 234 patent 315 Chapin, Daryl profile & career 149 Bell Laboratories 11, 196 RCA 59, 60, 220 cost estimate 99 376 Index

Chapman, Harlan clocks Arco Solar 202 solar-powered 36 Chehab, Oussama CN Rail 28 BMC Solartechnik 268 CNRS. See Centre National de la Chernobyl disaster 162 Recherche Scientifique Cherry Hill Conference 58, 119, 147, Codron, Leon 275, 314, 367 Arco Solar 204 Cherry, William 11, 196, 197 Siemens 204, 225 Paul Rappaport 176 Colgate University RCA 220 Little, Roger 167 William Cherry Award 299 Collinda, SB Chevron Corporation 108 solar-powered boat 44 Delaware University 248 Colorado School of Mines China Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 solar policies 127 Colorado, University of Chloride 72, 170 Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 116 Commission of the European Christensen, Clayton 340 Community 259. See also CEC; Chronar Corporation 60, 111 European Commission Intersolar Group 238 Communication Satellite Corporation Kiss, Dr. Zoltan 165 (Comsat) 110, 168, 190, 228 NAPS 240 Lindmayer, Joseph 168 Photowatt 219 Solarex 228 profile & people 208 Varadi, Peter 190 Remy, Claude 178 Community Energy England 193 solar clocks 36 Compagnie Générale d’Electricité Chronar France 209 (CGE) Alvesalo, Tapio 141 de Franclieu, Robert 151 de Franclieu, Robert 151 Philips RTC 111 Fabre, Emmanuel 152 Photowatt 218, 219 Hamon, Pierre 196 Comsat. See Communication Satellite NAPS 240 Corporation Photowatt 151, 219 concentrated solar power (CSP) 16, CIGS. See copper-indium-diselenide 144, 235, 236, 334 CILSS Flachglas Solartechnik 235 definition 334 concentrator system 20, 49, 68 Regional Solar Programme 260 Conferences, American 88, 262 Cinderella option 77 dates & venues 289 Clark, James (Jim) Conferences, Asia-Pacific88 Stanford University 257 dates & venues 295 climate change 5, 116, 121, 136, 341 Conferences, European 88, 260 definition 339 Athens 1983 88, 151 Clinton, President William (Bill) 121 auction 292 Index 377

Cannes 1980 88 trend 135 dates & venues 291 Coutts, Dr. Timothy (Tim) Ossenbrink, Heinz 172 awards 300 Conferences, Japanese. See National Renewable Energy Conferences, Asia-Pacific Laboratory 255 Conferences, World 88 Northumbria University 175 dates & venues 296 CP Rail 28 consultancy 86 Cramer, Dr. Günther 197 consumer products profile & career 150 solar-powered 36, 62, 74, 80, 82, 84, SMA 241 92, 204, 221, 222, 229, 238 Crane, Richard (Dick) contact grid SunPower 231 interdigitated rear contact 52 Swanson, Dick 186 laser-grooved 52 Cranfield University solar cell 15, 50, 52 Pearsall, Dr. Nicola 174 containerised systems 72 Cross, Bruce 196 Contract with America 154 interview 307 Coors Crystalox 54, 85, 86, 268 Photon Power 233 Aulich, Dr. Hubert 142 copper-indium-diselenide (CIS) 60 flotation 235 cell efficiency record 272 profile & people 234 companies 60, 201, 224, 267 PV Silicon 268 crystalline 60 on stock market 112 hybrids 60, 204 website 328 researchers 164, 258 Crystal Systems 53, 54, 267 solar cell 58, 60 CSG Solar 259 copper-indium-gallium-diselenide Green Martin 158 (CIGS). See copper-indium- CTF Solar diselenide Antec Solar 148 copper-sulphide/cadmium-sulphide Cugusi, Franco 141

(CdS/Cu2S). See cadmium- Cypress Semiconductor sulphide (CdS) SunPower Corporation 83, 232–233 COP 3 UNFCCC Conference 116 Cythelia Consultants COP 21 UNFCCC Conference 116 Ricaud, Alain 179 Cornell University Czochralski, Jan 14 Alvesalo, Tapio 140 Czochralski process 10, 14, 312 Corning Glass 110 Corsi, John d Neville Wiliams 191 Daimler Benz Solarex 196, 229 Deutsche Aerospace (DASA) 110 Cosgrove-Davies, Malcolm (Mac) Daiwa House World Bank 266 Kuwano, Yukinori 166 cost, solar cell 11, 97 Dallas-Fort Worth Airport 69 378 Index

Daniels, Prof. Farrington Nukem 111, 217 ISES 263 DGIS Darkazalli, Dr. Ghazi World Bank 128, 266 Spire Corporation 243 DG-VIII. See CEC Directorate-General DASA. See Deutsche Aerospace for Development (DG-VIII) Davidson, Joel DG-XII. See CEC Directorate-General solar car Sunrunner 44 for Science Research and Davis, J. Michael Development (DG-XII) SEIA 265 DG-XVII. See CEC DG-XVII Day, John III Dichler, Alan 237 interview 308 diesel generators 100 Johnson, Bob 163 replaced by solar 27 profile & career 150 diffuse radiation 12 Strategies Unlimited 87 Dinwoodie, Thomas (Tom) DeBlasio, Richard (Dick) Powerlight 233 Ossenbrink, Heinz 172 Shugar, Dan 109 de Franclieu, Robert direct radiation 12 interview 307, 318 disruptive technology 115, 198 management buy-out 113 distributed generation 41 Photowatt 218, 219 definition 340 profile & career 151 Dizio, Steve Remy, Claude 178 Johnson, Bob 163 Degussa SES Inc 223 Nukem 216 Dominguez, Ramon Delaware University 58, 247 Solarex 228 Barnett, Allen 143 doping Böer, Karl 146 P-N junctions 50, 57 NREL 255 Dorrity, Dr. Iain solar house 38 Crystalox 235 demonstration projects 39, 42, 92, Drews, Peter 241 117, 134, 260 DSSC. See dye sensitised solar cell European 117, 237, 252 Duch, Jürgen Denmark Siemens 225 solar policies 127 Dulas Denver, University of solar fridge 35 Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 Dundee, University of 59 Derrick, Anthony (Tony) 171 profile & people 248 interview 308 Spear, Walter 184 IT Power 238 Dunlop, Dr. Ewan Deutsche Aerospace (DASA) 110, JRC Ispra 252 200, 201, 205, 209, 268 DuPont 65 ASE 205 Durand, Henri Hoffmann, Winfried 162 COMES 124 Index 379

Durand, Jean-Michel Einars, Dr. Wolfram IT Power 239 ASE 205 Dyer, Tom 196 Einstein, Albert 10 Arco Solar 202, 204 Nobel Prize 3, 299 Photocomm 268 Électricité de France (EDF) 109, 217, Showa-Shell 204, 224 219, 268 dye sensitised solar cell 61, 62, 136, Photowatt 219 157, 194, 222, 272 Total Energie, Tenesol 234 electricity grid network 115 e extension 100 Earth Policy Institute 78 electricity sector 115 Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro 116, electricity utilities 340 in the PV sector 109 Eberspacher, Dr. Chris Electric Power Research Institute Gay, Charlie 154 SunPower Corporation 231 EB Nera 30, 247 electronic controllers 72 ECD. See Energy Conversion Devices electronics companies EC Directorate-General for in the PV sector 109 Development (DG-VIII) 123 Elf Aquitaine Eckhart, Michael Photowatt 218, 219 ACORE 183 Elkem Shell-Eskom 41 Crystalox 235 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Embratel Lausanne 62, 249, 272 Heliodinâmica 187, 213 cell efficiency record 272 Emery, Dr. Keith profile & people 249 awards 300 Ricaud, Alain 179 cell efficiency records 271 website 329 interview 308, 321 Ecole Supérieure d’Electricité NREL 254 Ricaud, Alain 179 photograph 254 EDF. See Électricité de France ENE 54, 112, 113 EEG (German Renewable Energy EPIA 261 Sources Act) 125, 286 profile & people 210 Hans-Josef Fell 153 Smekens, Guy 183 efficiency 10 ENEA progress 134, 135, 271 Simoni, Giovanni 182 records 254, 258, 271 ENEL 109, 268 solar cell 48, 49, 70 profile & people 210 solar module 26, 70 Serre Persano project 41 theoretical maximum 62, 63, 273 Vigotti, Roberto 191 EFG. See silicon ribbon, edge-defined, ENEL Green Power 211 film-fed growth Vigotti, Roberto 191 EIA-PVPS 263 website 329 380 Index

Energy Conversion Devices EPV 86, 91, 268 (ECD) 60, 68, 268 ERDA. See Energy Research Arco Solar 203 and Development Bacon, Nancy 265 Administration Blieden, Dick 196 Erlangen, University of Canon 91 Nukem 216 cell efficiency record 272 Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz. See profile & people 211 EEG SEIA 265 Eskom Sohio (BP) 208 Shell 41 Stan & Iris Ovshinsky 173 Eternal Sun on stock market 112 Spire Corporation 244 energy mix 9, 115, 223, 260 ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) 65, Energy Policy Act 1992, 121 335 Energy Research and Development ETH Zurich Administration Real, Markus 177 Prince, Morton 176 ETSU. See Energy Technology Support US DOE 265 Unit energy security 4, 5, 116, 136, 262 Euclides concentrators 253 definition 340 EU-PVSEC. See Conferences, Energy Technology Support Unit 87 European Engcotek 198 Eurec Agency 90 Engie. See GDF Suez Northumbria PV Applications ENI 108, 268 Group 256 profile of solar subsidiaries 212, profile 260 215, 219 European Bank for Development and EniPower 220 Reconstruction website 329 Simoni, Giovanni 182 EniTechnologie 220 European Commission 86, 87, 102, Enron 122, 146, 147, 151, 174, 178, 188, Amoco 229 252, 257, 261, 264, 279, 291, 293, Entech 69, 268 317, 321, 330, 334 Hesse, Dr. Walter 265 EPIA 114 Entropy Limited Gillett, William (Bill) 87 Solenergy 192 Helm, Peter 160 E.On 109 Isofotón 215 Eos Electric Power. See SunPower IT Power 239 Corporation MUSIC FM 97 Epcot Center 65 profile & people 259 EPFL. See école Polytechnique Fédérale PV-GAP 130 de Lausanne Schmid, Dr. Jürgen 250 EPIA. See European Photovoltaic Varadi, Peter 190 Industry Association WIP 245 Index 381

European Community 113, 115, f 121, 123, 127, 146, Fabre, Dr. Emmanuel 213, 334 EPIA 261 European Economic Community. interview 307 See European Community NAPS 240 European Photovoltaic Photowatt 218, 219 Industry Association (EPIA) 87, profile & career 152 113 Remy, Claude 178 Alvesalo, Tapio 141 fabrication plant, wafer 83 Bonda, John 147 ‘real men have fabs’ 83 Bonda Prize 302 Fanning, James (Jim) Fabre, Emmanuel 152 NAPS 240 founders 261 Feed-in Law 285 Hoffmann, Winfried 162 feed-in tariff 118 McNelis, Bernard 171 definition 341 presidents 193 Germany 284 profile & people 261 principle 284 PV-GAP 130 United Kingdom 193 Secretaries General 171, 261 Fell, Hans-Josef Shah, Dipesh 181 awards 302 Simoni, Giovanni 182 feed-in tariffs 286 Smekens, Guy 183 profile & career 153 successor website 330 Ferranti 64, 110, 268 Wolfe, Philip 193 Ferruzzi Montedison European PV Conferences Simoni, Giovanni 182 Helm, Peter 160 fill factor 14, 52 WIP 246 definition 341 European Union. See European Finch, Graeme Community Intersolar Group 237 Eurosolar Finland Scheer, Hermann 180 solar policies 127 Eurosolare Finnish National Research Program on profile 212, 215, 219 Advanced Energy Systems and Evans, Richard (Dick) 196 Technologies Exide Batteries 72 Alvesalo, Tapio 141 Harper, Brian 159 Firor, Kay Exxon 4, 107, 108, 268 Pacific Gas & Electric 109 Berman, Elliot 145 58, 80, 268 Darkazalli, Ghazi 243 Bonnet, Dieter 148 Solar Power Corporation 108, 113, fiscal incentives 118 226 F-ISE. See Fraunhofer Institute Willis, Bob 192 for Solar Energy Systems 382 Index

Flabeg 113. See also Flachglas Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid Solartechnik State Physics Flachglas Solartechnik 16, 39, 66, Goetzberger, Adolf 155 85, 110, 144, 156, 223, 235, 236, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy 241 Systems (F-ISE) 250 Benemann, Joachim 144 Aulich, Hubert 142 management buy-out 113 Goetzberger, Adolf 155 Pilkington 268 profile & people 250 profile & people 235 solar house 38 Shell 223 website 329 SMA Solar Technology 241 Fraunhofer IWES 251 Stawag 285 Fraunhofer Society 250 Flagsol. See Flachglas Solartechnik Freeman, Alan Fleck, Olaf solar car 44 Sunset Energietechnik 268 solar-powered boat 44 Flood, Dennis Freiburg solar house 155 conferences 297 Freiesleben, Dr. Werner fluorescent collector. See luminescent conferences 294 concentrator Wacker Chemie 245 forecasts, market Freling, Robert accuracy 135 SELF 242 Forest, Dr. Harvey 196, 229 fridges SEIA 265 solar-powered 34 Fortum Corporation Fritts, Charles 10 Alvesalo, Tapio 141 Fuji 110, 126 NAPS 240 top-5 producer 268 fossil energy 26, 27 Fujita, Masaharu subsidies 132 solar car 44 Foster, Sir Norman (architect) 39 Fuller, Calvin Fota Island project 279 Bell Laboratories 11, 196 Fraenkel, Dr. Peter 171 future energy scenario IT Power 238 Shell 93 Marine Current Turbines 239 Framework Programme 122 g France gadgets overseas development 128 solar-powered 43 solar policies 124, 127 gallium-arsenide (GaAs) 56, 57, 232 France Photon cell efficiency record 272 Photowatt 218 companies 210 Ricaud, Alain 179 compounds 194 Frankfurt University researchers 175, 194, 254, Bonnet, Dieter 148 256, 257 Fraunhofer Institute 86 solar cells 57 Index 383 garden products Ghana solar-powered 37 solar policies 127 Gardini Gifford, Donald (Don) Simoni, Giovanni 182 Canadian Coast Guard 28 Gates, Bill 195 Giglio Island project 220, 279 Gavdos Island project 71, 225, Gillett, William (Bill) 280 Halcrow 87 Gay, Dr. Charles (Charlie) 47, Giramberk, Ygal 108 Arco Solar 202 Arco Solar 202, 204 GIZ. See Gesellschaft für Technische ASE America 205 Zusammen:arbeit (GTZ) Hoffmann, Winfried 162 glass companies interview 308, 313 in the PV sector 110 NREL 255 Glasstech Solar 268 profile & career 153 Glaverbel 110 Siemens Solar 225 Global Environment Fund (GEF) Spectrolab 231 World Bank 266 Yerkes, Bill 106 global radiation 12 GDF Suez GNB. See Gould National Batteries Total Energie 234 Gochermann Solar 201 General Electric Company Goetzberger, Dr. Adolf block-buys 276 awards 155, 291, 294, 300–302 Goldsmith, John 156 books 313, 328 RCA 221 conferences 293 General Motors Fraunhofer ISE 250 Sunracer car 44 interview 308, 320 General Telephone Oman 246 Stanford University 257 George Washington University Goldsmith and Associates 156 Sklar, Scott 183 Goldsmith, Dr. John 119 Georgia Institute of Technology conferences 156, 290 NREL 255 profile & career 156 Geosolar Energy and Environmental Gore, Albert (Al) 121 Systems 201 Gorin, David germanium 56, 185, 249 SEIA 264 Germany Gould National Batteries (GNB) 72 feed-in tariffs 118, 284 Harper, Brian 159 overseas development 128 Grassi, Giuliano 197 PV R&D expenditure 129 European Commission 260 solar policies 124 Grätzel, Prof. Michael sunshine level 286 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Gesellschaft für Technische Lausanne 61, 249 Zusammen:arbeit (GTZ) interview 307, 318 128 profile & career 156 384 Index

Greece Hammerbacher, Milfred solar policies 127 ATS Photowatt 219 Green Carrot. See PV Market Hamon, Pierre 196 Transformation Initiative Remy, Claude 178 Greenpeace Hande, Dr. Harish Leggett, Jeremy 196 SELCO 242 Williams, Neville 191 Hansen, Richard 192 Green, Prof. Martin 51, 78, 106 Hanwha acknowledgement 11 Eberspacher, Chris 196 awards 158, 300, 302 Haq, Amir Barnett, Allen 143 Intersolar Group 237 books 158, 314, 318 IT Power 239 BP Solar 208 Harbin-Chronar 209 cell efficiency records 271 Harper, Brian 197 conferences 295 profile & career 159 interview 307, 318 Solar Energy Centre 242 profile & career 157 Harper, Heather UNSW-SPREE 258 interview 308 Greenstar Foundation 154 Solar Energy Centre (SEC) grid parity 11, 100–102, 341 159 definition 341 Harris Farinon 30 Groelinger, James 165 Hart, Terry 87 Grosjean, Rene IT Power 239 ENE 210 Harvard Business School Grundfos Shah, Dipesh 180 solar pumps 34 Hassing, Paul GTE Lenkurt 30, 247 DGIS 266 GTM Research hats & caps, solar-powered 43 PV Energy Systems 241 Hauser, Dr. Charles Guimarães, Prof. Leopoldo HCT Shaping Systems 237 conferences 294 Solarex 237 Hawthorne, Edward h solar-powered boat 44 Häberlin, Prof. Heinrich 284 Hayakawa, Tokuji Hacker, Rodney (Rod) Sharp 222 Halcrow 87 Hayes, Dennis Hahn Meitner Institute SERI 255 Ossenbrink, Heinz 172 HCT Shaping Systems Halcrow 78, 87, 171 ENE 210 Hamakawa Award 301 Photowatt 219 Hamakawa, Prof. Yoshihiro 197 profile & people 236 awards 159, 297, 300–302 Ricaud, Alain 179 conferences 295 Smekens, Guy 184 profile & career 158 successor website 328 Index 385 health clinics ASE 205 solar-powered 34 awards 162 heat exchanger method (HEM) books 318 silicon growth 53 interview 307, 317 Heinson, Joseph (Joe) Nukem 111, 216 UK Department of Trade and profile & career 161 Industry 286 SMA 241 Heliodinâmica Holec 228 profile & people 213 Holecsol Topel, Bruno 187 Shell 223 Helios 268 Honda EPIA 261 solar car races 44 Heliosil. See Pragma SunPower 232 ENI 220 Hoxan 267 Heliotek 110. See Spectrolab top-5 producer 268 Helm, Dr. Peter Hubbert, M King 5, 223 interview 307 Hudson Clean Energy 163 profile & career 160 Hughes Aircraft Company WIP 245 Spectrolab 194, 231 Helsinki University of Technology 60 Alvesalo, Tapio 140 hybrid systems Hesse, Dr. Walter 197 solar-wind 193 Entech 69 hydro-power 26, 27 SEIA 265 Hynes, Kathleen 255 heterojunction cell 62, 70, 78, 165, HYSOLAR 166, 250, 315 Werner Bloss 146 Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Hyundai Haevy Industries 246 layer. See HIT cell Hezel, Dr. Rudolf i Nukem 216 Iberdrola 109 Hill, Benjamin (Ben) 161 IBM Hill, Prof. Robert (Bob) 160, 197 Ricaud, Alain 179 conferences 294 IEA. See International Energy Agency Northumbria University 255 IEA-PVPS 129, 263 Pearsall, Dr. Nicola 174 International Energy Agency 263 Robert Hill Award 302 website 330 Hitachi 126, 267 IEC System of Conformity Assessment HIT cell 62, 221 Schemes for Electrotechnical 217 Equipment and Components Hoffman Electronics 110, 267 (IECEE) 130 early applications 11 IEC Technical Committee 82 Prince, Morton 175 DeBlasio, Dick 172 Hoffmann, Dr. Winfried 197 Ossenbrink, Heinz 172 386 Index

IEEE-PVSC. See Conferences, Institute of Energy Conversion. American See Delaware, University of IES-UPM Delaware Goetzberger, Adolf 155 website 329 profile & people 253 Institute of Physical Electronics website 329 Stuttgart Ihamuotila, Dr. Jaakko website 330 Alvesalo, Tapio 140 Institute of Reactor Research (EIR) NAPS 239 Real, Markus 177 III-V compounds 57, 175 Institut für Solare II-VI compounds 58, 148, 248, 315, Energieversorgungstechnik 338 (ISET) 247 Ikki, Osamu Instituto de Energía Solar. See IES- awards 301 UPM RTS Corporation 87 Instituto de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos de Iles, Peter 196 Concentración (ISFOC) awards 291, 300 IES-UPM 254 Imamura, Dr. Matthew (Matt) 197 Integrated Power 246 WIP 87, 246 Interatom 225. See also Siemens Imbrecht, Dr. Charles Benemann, Joachim 143 awards 294, 301 EPIA 261 IMEC 251 interdigitated rear contacts Mertens, Dr. Robert 196 Stanford University 257 profile & people 251 Intermediate Technology Development Total Energie 234 Group 171 van Overstraeten, Roger 189 IT Power 238 website 329 International Atomic Energy Agency Impax (IAEA) World Bank 267 International Energy Agency 262 Inamori, Kazuo International Bank for Reconstruction awards 301 and Development (IBRD). See Kyocera 215 World Bank Group India International Business Machines solar policies 127 (IBM) 91 indium-phosphide 57, 194 International Electrotechnical initial placement offering (IPO) 112, Commission (IEC) 90, 119, 172, 238 276 Institute for Environment and PV-GAP 130 Sustainability (IES) Real, Markus 177 JRC Ispra 252 Takashi Tomita 187 Institute of Electrical and Electronic International Energy Agency (IEA) 3, Engineers (IEEE) 262 78, 89, 128, 313, 330 conferences 88, 289 McNelis, Bernard 171 Index 387

profile & people 262 ISET. See Institut für Solare Simoni, Giovanni 182 Energieversorgungstechnik United Kingdom 125 Isofotón 67 Vigotti, Roberto 191 Luque, Antonio 169 International Finance Corporation profile & people 214 (IFC) Ispra. See Joint Research Centre Ispra World Bank 266 Italenergie International Renewable Energy EPIA 261 Agency 180 Italsolar International Solar Energy Society profile 212, 215, 219 awards 302 Italy profile & people 263 PV R&D expenditure 129 Vigotti, Roberto 191 solar policies 264 international standards 18, 86, 90, ITPEnergised 119, 172, 252, 273, 274, 276, 336 IT Power 239 Intersemix website 329 Solarex 228 IT Power 78, 87, 171, 238 Intersolar Group 78, 85, 112. See also Hart, Terry 87 Solapak IEA PVPS 129 Bonda, John 147 Shah, Dipesh 181 Chronar Corporation 209 successor website 329 EPIA 261 I-V characteristic Jansen, Spencer 238 definition 342 Johns, Roy 237 IVO Oy Kazis, Earle 237 Fortum 141, 240 Lindmayer, Joseph 169, 237 McNeil, John 238 j profile & people 237 Jansen, Spencer Solar Ventilation 37 Intersolar Group 238 Wolfe, Philip 193 Japan inverter 23, 74, 241 solar policies 125 centralised 23 Japanese Coastguard 28, 246 cost 98 Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association string 23, 241 (JPEA) 113 Investment Tax Credits, US 120, 121 Japan Solar Energy Company Ioffe Institute Kyocera 215 Luque, Antonio 169 JA Solar IPE. See Stuttgart University UNSW-SPREE 259 IPO. See initial placement offering Jenny, Dr. Dietrich Iranian Revolution 115 RCA 57 Iran National Oil Company 247 Jester, Theresa (Terry) 108 ISES. See International Solar Energy Arco Solar 202 Society profile & career 162 388 Index

Jetion k Shah, Dipesh 181 Kaneka 267 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 119 Karl W Böer Solar Energy Medal of Block-buys 276 See JPL block Merit. See Böer Medal purchase Kassel, University of 247 Goldsmith, John 156 Schmid, Dr. Jürgen 251 Joint Research Centre Ispra 252 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. See profile 252 Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit US DOE 266 Kaufman, Robert (Bob) 196, 197, 268 US National PV Program 278 Arco Solar 202 website 329 Kaut, Dr. Willi Joachim Benemann European Commission 123, 260 Interatom (Siemens) 225 Kaz. See Kazmerski, Lawrence SMA 241 Kazis, Earle 193, 228 Johanson, Greg Intersolar Group 237 solar car Sunrunner 44 interview 308 John F Long Homes 38 Kazmerski, Dr. Lawrence 60 Johnson, Robert (Bob) 32, 74, 197 awards 164, 291, 300, 302 Day, John 151 conferences 290 interview 308 NREL 255 profile & career 163 profile & career 164 SES Inc 223 Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 Strategies Unlimited 87 Kenergia Johns, Roy 193, 197, 228, 229 Simoni, Giovanni 182 Intersolar Group 237 Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Johnstone, Robert (Bob) Corporation (KPTC) 246 books 286 kerf loss 54 Joint Research Centre Ispra 86, 87, Kerman solar project 90, 122 Pacific Gas & Electric 109, 278 Ossenbrink, Heinz 172 Keyes, John profile & people 252 books 317 website 329 KfW Joliot, Michel Helm, Peter 160 Solarex 228 Kiss, Dr. Zoltan 91, 197 Jourde, Patrick Chronar 208 CEA-GENEC 128 EPV 86, 91 JPL. See Jet Propulsion Laboratory Gregory Kiss 208 JPL block purchase 276 profile & career 165 Block V standards 90 Remy, Claude 178 Spectrolab 231, 243 Kiss, Gregory 165, 208 Jupiter Project Kissinger, Dr. Henry 4 Shahryar, Dr. Ishaq 181 Lindmayer, Joseph 168 Index 389 kit, solar-power 42 l Klein, Werner 241 Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces Konagai, Makoto (LPI) awards 301 école Polytechnique Fédérale de Konarka Lausanne 249 Total Energie 234 LaFavre, Rodger Koncar Spire Corporation 167 Chronar 209 Lamb, William (Bill) 43 Kondo, Sadao Lange, Christoph-Friedrich 39, 66 127, 166 awards 302 Korea La Noce, Maurizio solar policies 127 Arco Solar 141, 202 Krebs, Dr. Karlheinz 197 Large-scale Industrial Technology awards 294, 300 Programme (Japan) 263 conferences 292 Lauwers, Philip JRC Ispra 252 ENE 210 Kumamoto University LeComber, Dr. Peter 59, 197 Kuwano, Yukinori 165 profile & career 166 Kurokawa, Kosuke Spear, Walter 184 conferences 297 University of Dundee 248 Kurtz, Dr. Sarah Leggett, Dr. Jeremy 106, 196, 197 awards 303 books 326 NREL 254 interview 308 Kurzweil, Ray 135, 136, Leicester University 318 Spear, Walter 184 Kuwait Oil Company 247 Leroy-Somer 228 Kuwano, Dr. Yukinori 60 France-Photon 212 awards 301 Photowatt 218, 219 profile & career 165 Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit. See Sanyo 127 also IMEC Kyocera 110, 126 profile 251 Davis, Michael 265 van Overstraeten, Roger 189 leading producer 216 Verlinden, Pierre 252 profile & people 215 levelised cost of energy 101, 336 Serre Persano project 211 Libbey-Owens-Ford top producer 268 Total Energie 233 website 329 lighting, solar powered 35 Kyoto Protocol 116, 338, 341 Lindmayer, Dr. Joseph 4, 106, 120, Kythnos Island 197, 198 project 40, 279, 293 auction winner 88 visit 88 books 168 390 Index

Lindmayer, Dr. Joseph (Continued ) Luther, Prof. Joachim Carlson, Dave 106 Fraunhofer ISE 251 conferences 289 Intersolar Group 193, 237 m profile & career 167 MacCready, Paul Solarex 105, 228 solar-powered plane 45 Varadi, Peter 106, 190 Macomber, Harold (Hal) Wrigley, Chuck 106 Monegon 87 Little, Dr. Roger Madan, Dr. Arun 197, 249, 268 profile & career 167 Madrid, Technical University. See SEIA 265 IES-UPM Spire Corporation 243 Magid, Leonard (Len) 88 load management 73 US DOE 102 loan guarantees 118 Mahoney, Ed Lock, Graham 227 Solar Power Corporation 196, 227 Loferski, Dr. Joseph (Joe) 196, Maine, University of 60 197 CIS cells 164 awards 290, 299 Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 RCA 57, 220 Mali London, University of solar policies 127 Shah, Dipesh 180 Mali Aqua Viva 88, 292 Long, John F 38 Manfredi, Achille 141 Lorenzini, Robert (Bob) Mannesmann 247 SunPower 231 manufacturing support 117 Swanson, Dick 186 Marchwood project 279 Lott, Senator Trent 47 BP Solar 207 Louineau, Jean-Paul market forecasts 93 IT Power 239 market growth 77, 135 Lucas Energy Systems 15 market information 86 BP 111 markets, pre-1973, 80 Lucas Industries 207 Martin Marietta Corporation 267 Lugo project 41, 203 Anderson, Jerry 203 Arco Solar 109, 201 Imamura, Dr. Matthew (Matt) 246 luminescent concentrator Masimo Semiconductor Berman, Elliot 145 Spire Corporation 244 Fraunhofer ISE 155 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Luque, Prof. Antonio 53 (MIT) awards 169, 294, 300, 302 Little, Roger 167 books 169, 319 Prince, Morton 175 conferences 294 Mataró library IES-UPM 253 solar wall 39 Isofotón 214 Matsushita profile & career 169 Japan Solar Energy Company 215 Index 391 maximum power point tracker 23, Mertens, Dr. Robert 196 73, 241 Roger van Overstraeten 189 Maycock, Dr. Paul 97 Mertig, Dieter April Fool’s Day 294 AEG Telefunken 201 auctioneer 88 EPIA 261–262 books 319 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm interview 308, 316 (MBB) 110, 201, 267 Prince, Morton 176 ASE 205 profile & career 170 Hoffmann, Winfried 162 PV Energy Systems 87, 240 Nukem 216 US DOE 119, 120, 265 Total Energie 111 MBB. See Messerschmitt-Bölkow- Metallgesellschaft Blohm Nukem 216 McCarthy, Dr. Sean meter, prepayment 41 University College Cork 247 Michaelis, Dominic McCaw, Craig 195 Simoni, Giovanni 182 McKenzie, Peter 195, 196 Microchemistry. See Neste Advanced Arco Solar 202 Power Systems AstroPower 206 Alvesalo, Tapio 141 McLaughlin, Tom 202 microwave radio repeaters McMaster, Harold 197, 268 solar-powered 29 McNeil, Dr. John Millennium Prize Foundation Intersolar Group 238 Alvesalo, Tapio 141 McNelis, Bernard 64, 128, 170 Million Solar Roofs Initiative. See awards 302 Roofs, Million US conferences 171 Milne, Prof. William (Bill) EPIA 261 Cambridge University 247 International Energy Agency 125 Milner, Anton interview 307, 315 Q-Cells 196 IT Power 238 Milton Keynes Solar Power Corporation 227 demonstration project 193, 237, Williams, Neville 192 281 Meindl, Prof. James (Jim) Minchin, Prof. George 10 Stanford University 257 Ministre des Affaires Étrangères et du Melchior, Bernd Développement International BMC Solartechnik 268 (MAEDI) 128 MEMC 195 Ministry of Economy Trade and Mercedes Benz Industry (METI) 264 Alpha Real 177 Ministry of International Trade and solar car race 44 Industry, Japan 126, 127, 263, Mercouri, Melina 88 264, 330 Merlin Gerin profile 263 Photowatt 218 Takashi Tomita 187 392 Index

minority carrier lifetime 14 Mott, Sir Nevill M7 International Nobel Prize 299 block-buys 276 Spear, Walter 184 Mints, Paula University of Dundee 248 interview 308, 315 Mouchot Prize Johnson, Bob 163 profile & winners 301 Strategies Unlimited 151, 244 MPPT. See maximum power point mismatch 65, 75 trackers MITI. See Ministry of International Mrohs, Mark Trade and Industry, Japan Arco Solar 202 MIT Lincoln Laboratory Muhn, Robert (Rob) 196 US National PV Program 278 AstroPower 206 Mobil Oil 55 Mullard Mobil Solar Ouwens, Kees 15 block-buys 276 multi-junction 57, 60, 194, 259 Hoffmann, Winfried 162 solar cell 62, 63, 253 Mobil-Tyco 55, 267 solar cell efficiency limit 134 Japan Solar Energy Company 215 Munich, Technical University of module laminators Goetzberger, Adolf 155 Spire 243 Helm, Peter 160 module testers MUSES-A satellite 194 Spire 243 MUSIC FM 97, 102, 316 Moe, Jan B Mytton, Roger Arco Solar 202 Intersolar Group 237 Monegon 87 market projection 93 n mono-crystalline. See Silicon, mono- Nagib, Salama crystalline and solar cell, mono- AstroPower 206 crystalline NAPS. See Neste Advanced Power mono-crystalline solar cells 78 Systems Montedison NAPS France Solarex 228 Fabre, Emmanuel 152 Montreal Protocol 116 NAPS Solar Systems 240 Moore’s Law 97 Narayanan, Mohan Moroni & Partners UNSW-SPREE 259 Simoni, Giovanni 182 NASA 55, 58, 267 Morse, Frederick (Fred) Helios 232 International Energy Agency 262 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 252 Moteurs Leroy-Somer Lewis Research Center 254, 278 Solarex 228 Pathfinder 232 Motorola 110, 267 Spectrolab 231 block-buys 276 US DOE 266 Shell 223 Nath, Robert (Bob) 202 Index 393

National Academy of Engineering Neste Advanced Power Systems Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 (NAPS) 85 National Center for Photovoltaics Alvesalo, Tapio 141 Barnett, Allen 143 Chronar Corporation 209 Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 management buy-out 113 NREL 255 Neste 108 National Centre for Appropriate profile & people 239 Technology Shah, Dipesh 181 Sklar, Scott 183 solar fridge 35 National Electrotechnical Laboratory, Neste Oy 268 Japan 126 Alvesalo, Tapio 108, 140 MITI Japan 263 Fortum 141, 240 National Renewable Energy Laboratory NAPS 108 (NREL) 86, 87, 119, 120, 337. Netherlands See National Renewable Energy PV R&D expenditure 129 Laboratory solar policies 264, 287 cell efficiency records 271, 272 net metering 101, 127 Coutts, Tim 255 Alpha Real 177 DeBlasio, Dick 172 definition 342 EPFL 62 Newcastle Photovoltaics Applications Joint Research Centre Ispra 252 Centre 160, 175. See also Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 Northumbria University, NPAC Paul Rappaport Renewable Energy New Energy and Industrial Technology and Energy Efficiency Award Development Organisation 302 (NEDO) 126, 336 Prince, Morton 175 New South Wales, University of. See profile & people 254 UNSW-SPREE silicon workshops 255 New Sunshine Project 264 US DOE 265 New York University Varadi, Peter 190 Böer, Karl 146 website 329 Next Energy Capital Wohlgemuth, John 196 Simoni, Giovanni 182 National Semiconductor NGCPV Barnett, Allen 143 Luque, Antonio 169 Navigant Consulting 245 Nippon Electric (NEC) 110, 126, 336 navigational aids NIST-ATP 55, 121, 337 solar-powered 28 Nixon, President Richard 4 NEC 30, 267 Noack NEDO. See New Energy and Industrial Vegel, Magne 240 Technology Development Nobel Prize 299 Organisation Albert Einstein 10 Nerken, Albert Mott, Sir Nevill 185 Solarex 228 Porter, Sir George 115 394 Index

Nobel Prize (Continued ) in the PV sector 107 Richardson, Robert 140 oil shock. See OPEC oil crisis Shockley, William 257 Olin Brass NOCT. See Nominal operating cell SEIA 264 temperature Olson, Dr. Jerry nominal operating cell temperature awards 300 (NOCT) 273, 274, 337 NREL 254 definition 273 O’Mara, Bradley (Brad) 73 Northumbria University, NPAC Balance-of-Systems Specialists 44 Pearsall, Dr. Nicola 175 OPEC oil crisis Prof. Bob Hill 160 first 4, 341 profile & people 255 second 344 website 329 open circuit voltage 13, 52 North-West Passage definition 343 solar navigational aids 28 Optel 165 Notre Dame, University of Optex Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 Kuwano, Yukinori 166 NTT Electrical Lindmayer, Joseph 168 Yamaguchi, Masafumi 193 Optical Coatings Laboratory Inc nuclear energy 27 (OCLI) 268 costs 100 O’Regan, Dr. Brian 157 subsidies 132 Berkeley University 61 nuclear waste 27 Orga 28, 246 Nukem 58, 268 organic solar cells 79, 91 ASE 205 market penetration 134 DASA 111, 201 Organisation of Arab Petroleum Hoffmann, Winfried 161 Exporting Countries profile & people 216 (OAPEC) 4 Stuttgart University 257 Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 4 o Osaka University obligations Hamakawa, Yoshihiro 158 on energy suppliers 118 Kuwano, Yukinori 166 Observatoire Méditerranéen de Ossenbrink, Dr. Heinz 197 l’Energie conferences 294 Vigotti, Roberto 191 interview 307 Ogami lighthouse 28 JRC Ispra 252 Ohio State University profile & career 172 Swanson, Richard (Dick) 185 Ouwens, Kees Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Philips 15 India 246 over-voltage protection 73 oil companies Ovshinsky, Dr. Iris 197 conspiracy 108 Energy Conversion Devices 211 Index 395

profile & career 172 conferences 175 Ovshinsky, Stanford (Stan) 91, 197, interview 308, 318 198 Northumbria University 255 awards 302 profile & career 174 Energy Conversion Devices 211 Pearson, Gerald profile & career 172 Bell Laboratories 11, 196 Prince, Morton 175 Stanford University 257 p Pellworm project 201, 279 Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) 203 Pennwell Arco Solar 109 Strategies Unlimited 245 Pacific Power PEP’85, PEP’87, PEP’93. See UNSW-SPREE 259 Photovoltaic Energy Project Pacific Solar 259. See CSG Solar PERC cell 51 Palz, Dr. Wolfgang 60, 124 PERL cell 51 awards 294, 301 Perlin, John Bonda, John 147 books 326 books 41, 174, 313, 319, 328 perovskite solar cells 62, 136, 157 conferences 292 PESC cell 51 EPIA 261 Petrobras European Commission 122, 260 Heliodinâmica 213 Helm, Peter 160 Petroleum Development Oman interview 307 (PDO) 29, 246 profile & career 173 Philips RTC 15, 80, 110, 247, 267 Panasonic 62, 70 Berman, Elliot 145 profile & people 217 CGE Saft 111 Sanyo 222 early applications 11 website 329 early entrant 268 Paris Agreement 116 Fabre, Emmanuel 152 Parnell, Kevin Photowatt 218, 219 Arco Solar 202 PPX47A module 65 Passereni, Ed Photocomm 268 solar bicycle 44 Balance-of-Systems Specialists patent, amorphous silicon 59 44 Advanced Photovoltaic 10 Systems 208 Photonex Paul Rappaport Renewable Energy and Lindmayer, Joseph 168 Energy Efficiency Award 302 Photon Magazine 78, 87, 196 Peak Oil 5 Photon Power 58 definition 343 Total Energie 233 peak watts. See watts peak Photon Technology Pearsall, Dr. Nicola EPIA 261 Bob Hill 161 photosynthesis 61 396 Index

Phototronics Solartechnik (PST) pilot projects 39, 40, 117, 134 Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohn European 117, 160, 172, 174, (MBB) 267 201, 207, 220, 245, 252, 260, Total Energie 234 293 photovoltaic effect 3, 9, 12, 300, 343 PlanetSolar Photovoltaic Energy Project solar-powered boat 44 NREL 254 poly-crystalline silicon 220 Photovoltaic Power Generation cell efficiency record 271 Technology Research Association poly-crystalline solar cells 79 (PVTEC) polyvinyl-butyral (PVB) 65, 337 Kuwano, Yukinori 166 polyvinyl-fluoride (PVF) 65, 337 photovoltaics Pompes Guinard definition 343 France-Photon 213 technology 12, 56 Leroy-Somer 212 Photovoltaics for Utility Scale solar pumps 34 Applications. See PVUSA power consumption Photovoltaics-Laboratory (PV-Lab) solar matched to 30 250 Powerlight 109 Photovoltech SunPower Corporation 233 Total Energie 234 Pragma 54 Photowatt 54, 56, 111 Agip 108 block-buys 276 EPIA 261 Canal, Bernard 196 profile & people 212, 215, de Franclieu, Robert 151 219 EPIA 261 Simoni, Giovanni 182 Fabre, Emmanuel 152 successor website 329 Heliodinâmica 213 price Philips 267 solar cells 48 profile & people 217 primary battery Remy, Claude 178 replaced by PV 27 Sarti, Dominique 196, 218 Prince, Dr. Morton (Mort) Serre Persano project 211 awards 176, 294, 300 Shell 224 profile & career 175 top-5 producer 268 US DOE 120, 265 website 329 Proctor and Gamble Piccard, Bertrand Smekens, Guy 183 solar-powered plane 45 production automation 202, 229 Pidgeon, Michael 36 Production Tax Credits 121 Pilkington 110, 268 production volume 48 Flachglas 235 professional applications 27, 31, Shell 111, 224 32, 75, 81, 180, 207, 218, 222, Pilkington Solar 237 Goldsmith, John 156 Progress in Photovoltaics 146 Index 397 progress ratio 97, 135 UNSW-SPREE 259 definition 344 503 Qualification Test Procedure Project Megawatt 177, 216 JRC Ispra 90 Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act qualification tests (PURPA) 120 solar module 274 pumping Quantex Corporation 229 solar-powered 33 Lindmayer, Joseph 168 Putney, Dr. Zimri (Zim) 196 quantum dot solar cells 136 Semix 228 Qu, Dr. Shawn Solarex 53, 228 de Franclieu, Robert 152 PV. See photovoltaics Woerner, Klaus 152 PV Electric 44 Queen’s Award for Export Arco Solar 204 Intersolar Group 238 Aschenbrenner, Peter 142 IT Power 239 Aulich, Dr. Hubert 142 Queisser, Dr. Hans 273 PV Energy Systems 78, 87 Maycock, Paul 170 r profile & people 240 Racal 247 PV Global Accreditation Programme radiation (PV-GAP) 90, 129, 130, 172, diffuse 12 190. See PV Global Accreditation direct 12 Programme global 12 Cabraal, Dr. Anil 267 railway track circuits Real, Markus 177 solar-powered 28 PV Market Transformation Initiative Raisbeck, Gordon (PVMTI) Bell Laboratories 29 World Bank 267 Ralph, Eugene (Gene) 309 PV Materials and Technology awards 290, 300 Program (PVMaT) 121 communication 309 PVPS. See IEA-PVPS conferences 290 1000 PV Roofs Programme. See Prince, Morton 175 Roofs 1000 Germany Spectrolab 34, 196, 231 PVSEC Award Ramberg, Edward 10 profile & winners 301 Rappaport, Dr. Paul 197 PV Silicon. See Crystalox awards 290, 299 PV-UK. See British Photovoltaic Dave Carlson 149 Association NREL 254 PVUSA 278 Paul Rappaport Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Award 177 q profile & career 176 Qatar Petroleum Company 247 RCA 57, 220 Q-Cells 268 SERI 265 Milner, Anton 196 Strategies Unlimited 244 398 Index

RCA 11, 57, 59, 60, 268 Resch, Rhone cell efficiency records 272 Scott Sklar 183 Kiss, Dr. Zoltan 165 SEIA 265 Maycock, Paul 170 research and development patent 91 support 116 profile & people 220 Research and Technology Rappaport, Paul 176 Development Programme (RTD) Solarex 229 EC DG-XII 122 Strategies Unlimited 244 residential applications 216 Wronski, Chris 149 Res4Med Reagan, President Ronald 120 Vigotti, Roberto 191 administration 255 retail grid parity Real, Dr. Markus definition 344 Alpha Real 44, 234 reverse auctions 118 books 177 ribbon silicon. See silicon ribbon Kyocera 216 ribbon silicon cells 78 net metering 101 Ricaud, Alain 78 profile & career 177 France-Photon 212 PV-GAP 130 paper on French policy 124 REC. See Renewable Energy profile & career 179 Corporation Total Energie 234 reel-to-reel Rio Declaration 116 PV cell deposition 60, 67 Rio Tinto refrigerators, solar-powered Nukem 216 34 Ritsumeikan University regulation, energy industry Hamakawa, Yoshihiro 159 115 Robert Hill Award 302 Reiser, Jean-Marc 88 Rodgers, Thurman John (TJ) Remy, Claude 106 SunPower Corporation 232 awards 178, 302 Rodot, Dr. Michel interview 307, 319 CNRS 124 management buy-out 113 Roelen, Dr. Eckhard Photowatt 218, 219 Phototronics 234 profile & career 177 Roger van Overstraeten SAFT 111 Foundation 189 Renewable and Sustainable Energy Roland, Dr. George Reviews 164 AstroPower 206 Renewable Energy Act, Germany roofs 1000 Germany 38, 285, 286 286 Renewable Energy Corporation Fraunhofer ISE 251 (REC) 196 MITI 264 Renewable Portfolio Standards 121, roofs 100,000 Germany 39, 286 344 roofs, Million US 121, 317 Index 399 roofs, Sunshine Project Japan 39, Sama 126 EPIA 261 Rosenfield, Thomas (Tom) Samak, Ibrahim 198 Solarex 92, 228 EPIA 261 Rosenlöf, Timo Sample, Dr. Anthony (Tony) NAPS 240 JRC Ispra 252 Rothe, Mechtild Samsung Heavy Industries 246 awards 303 Sanders, Jerry round robin tests. See Photovoltaic Advanced Micro Devices 83 Energy Project Sandia National Laboratories 87, 119, Rousseau, Michel 331 Arco Solar 202 NREL 255 Royal Aircraft Establishment US DOE 266 (RAE) 86, 188, 267, 338 US National PV Program 278 Cranfield University 175 Sandtner, Dr. Walter Treble, Fred 188 awards 294, 301 Royal Dutch Shell. See Shell BMFT 124 Royal Society MITI Japan 264 Green, Martin 158 Sanyo 60, 62, 70, 110, 126, 127 Roy, Bunker conferences 292 awards 302 Kuwano, Yukinori 165 R87 Panasonic 217 website 331 profile & people 221 Rubin, Irwin 268 solar calculators 36 Rudin, Arthur (Art) Solec 230 Solar Power Corporation 227 Sao Paulo Universities RWE 109, 268 Heliodinâmica 213 Nukem 216 Sapienza Università di Roma RWE Schott Solar 205 Simoni, Giovanni 182 Hoffmann, Winfried 162 Sarti, Dominique RWE Solar 205 Photowatt 196, 218, 219 Sasaki, Tadashi s awards 301 Sacramento Municipal Utility District Saudi Aramco 247 (SMUD) 109, 203 Sayigh, Prof. Ali SAFT 72, 178, 217, 219 conferences 299 de Franclieu, Robert 151 scale of generation 27 Philips RTC 111 Scatec 196 Photowatt 218 Schaeffer, Loretta Remy, Claude 178 World Bank 266 Saint-Gobain 110 Scheer, Dr. Hermann 197 Salvamoser, Georg 106, 197 award in his memory 263 Solar Fabrik 196 awards 302 400 Index

Scheer, Dr. Hermann (Continued ) SELCO. See Solar Electric Light books 180, 319 Company feed-in tariffs 179, 286, 295 selenium 56 Hans-Josef Fell 153 SELF. See Solar Electric Light Fund profile & career 179 Selhagen, Leif Scheuten Glas Groep NAPS 240 Flachglas Solartechnik 236 Semix 228. See Solarex Schlesinger, James 119 Lindmayer, Joseph 168 US DOE 265 Sensor Technology 268 Schmela, Michael 196 block-buys 276 interview 307 Photowatt 218 Schmid, Dr. Jürgen SERI. See Solar Energy Research conferences 297 Institute European Commission 250 Serre Persano project 41 Fraunhofer ISE 250 ENEL 211 International Energy Agency 262 SES (Solar Energy Systems Inc) 58. Schmid, Frederick (Fred) See Shell Crystal Systems 53, 267 Böer, Karl 147 Schmid, Russell (Rusty) Johnson, Bob 163 ATS Photowatt 219 SET (Selected Electronic Schmidt, Dr. Eckehard Technologies) 201 AEG Telefunken 196, 201 Shah, Dipesh 107, 197, 198 DASA 201 awards 181 Schneider BP Solar 207 Photowatt 218 interview 308, 316 Schott Solar 205 NAPS 240 Hoffmann, Winfried 162 profile & career 180 Schulze, Dr. Friedrich-Wilhelm Shah, Prof. Arvind PV Silicon 235 awards 301 Schumacher, Fritz 238 école Polytechnique Fédérale de Schuster, Dr. Günter 174 Lausanne 250 European Commission 122 Shahryar, Dr. Ishaq 4, 197, 198 Schwartz, Dr. Richard awards 182 awards 291, 300 profile & career 181 Scottish and Southern Energy 109 Solec 105, 230 Scott, Roderick (Rod) Spectrolab 231 BP Solar 207 Shahryar, Jawid sealed batteries Solec 181 Solar Energy Centre (SEC) 159 Shaping Systems. See HCT Shaping SEGS projects 16 Systems Flachglas Solartechnik 235 Sharp 78, 96, 110, 126, 268 SEIA. See Solar Energy Industries Berman, Elliot 145 Association early applications 11 Index 401

Japan Solar Energy Company 215 Powerlight 233 solar calculators 36 Siemens Process Tomita, Takashi 186 poly-crystalline silicon 54, 142 website 329 Siemens Solar 96, 110 Sheet Metal Workers Union Arco Solar 91, 111, 204 Chronar Corporation 209 Aulich, Dr. Hubert 142 Shell 58, 108, 110, 268 EPIA 261 Benemann, Joachim 144 Goetzberger, Adolf 155 Dizio, Steve 223 Jester, Terry 163 Eskom 41 profile & people 225 Flachglas Solartechnik 236 PV Electric 44 future energy scenario 93 Shell 204 Hubbert, M King 223 successor website 329 Petroleum Development top producer 268 Oman 247 silane gas 59 Photowatt 219 silicon Pilkington 111 crystal growth 50 profile & people 223 metallurgical grade 14, 48, 53, SES 113 56 Shah, Dipesh 180 mono-crystalline 14, 50, 53, 55, 57, Shell Solar successor website 329 192, 221, 226, 230, 231 Siemens 204 poly-crystalline 53 van Rooijen, Jan 223 semiconductor grade 48 Shell-Eskom Solar Energy solar-grade 53 Company 41 silicon feedstock 49, 53, 206, 245 Shimp, Harry 208, 230 price 96 Shockley, Dr. William 196 Silicon-Film efficiency limit 273 AstroPower 55 Goetzberger, Adolf 155 silicon, metallurgical grade 53, 56, 85, Prince, Morton 175 96 Stanford University 257 silicon, mono-crystalline and solar cell, Shockley Queisser Efficiency mono-crystalline 14 Limit 273 silicon ribbon 55 short circuit current 13, 52 dendritic web 55 definition 345 edge-defined, film-fed growth Showa (EFG) 55 Shell 223 silicon wafer 14, 15, 18, 19, 49, 50, Showa-Shell 60 54, 55, 57, 205, 206, 210, 219, 226, Arco Solar 91, 111, 204 228, 234, 237, 244, 252, 256 profile 224 off-grade 96 successor website 329 production 82 Shugar, Daniel (Dan) thickness 54 Pacific Gas & Electric 109 silicon workshops 255 402 Index

Silicor Materials Solaicx Jester, Terry 163 Yerkes, Bill 195 Simoni, Giovanni Solapak. See Intersolar Group EPIA 261 BP Solar 91 interview 308, 320 Solarex 228 Pragma 219 Solar Ark 221 profile & career 182 solar array structure 19 Singer sewing machine 85 Solarbank 41 single junction cell solar breeder, Solarex efficiency limit 134 Lindmayer, Joseph 168 S International Ricaud, Alain 179 EPIA 261 solar cell Sirti 30, 247 characteristic 13, 14, 52, 171, 258, Sklar, Scott 343 (See also I-V characteristic) interview 308, 317 current 18 profile & career 183 mono-crystalline, record 271 SEIA 264 mono-crystalline silicon 49, 50, 63, Solar Energy Industries 65, 70, 158 Association 114 poly-crystalline 54 Smart Solar processing 14, 83 Tomita, Takashi 187 research 49 SMA Solartechnik 74 string 64 Benemann, Joachim 144 surface texture 52 Cramer, Dr. Günther 150 technology 12 Flachglas Solartechnik 236 voltage 18 Hoffmann, Winfried 162 Solar Cells Inc., 268 profile & people 241 Solarcentury on stock market 112 Leggett, Jeremy 196 University of Kassel 247 Solar Challenger website 329 solar-powered plane 45 Smee, Alfred 10 Solar Craft 1 Smekens, Guy 106, 197 solar-powered boat 44 ENE 210 Solar Electric Light Company 242. EPIA 261 See also Solar Electric Light Fund profile & career 183 Williams, Neville 192 SMUD. See Sacramento Municipal Solar Electric Light Fund 35 Utility District Freling, Robert 242 Snamprogetti 247 Maycock, Paul 170 SNEA. See Elf Aquitaine profile & people 242 Société Nationale Elf Aquitaine. See Elf website 329 Aquitaine Williams, Neville 192 Sohio Solar Energy Centre (SEC) 72, 242 ECD 211 Harper, Brian 159 Index 403

Solar Energy Developments Ricaud, Alain 179 Simoni, Giovanni 182 SEIA 265 Solar Energy Industries Association Shimp, Harry 230 (SEIA) solar modules 65 Little, Roger 167 Solar Power Corporation 227 profile & people 264 top producer 268 PV-GAP 130 Varadi, Peter 190 Sklar, Scott 114, 183 Williams, Neville 191 Solar Energy Research and Education Wohlgemuth, John 196 Foundation Wolfe, Philip 193 SEIA 264 Solar-Fabrik 268 Solar Energy Research Institute Hoffmann, Winfried 162 (SERI) 120, 254, 256. See also Salvamoser, Georg 196 National Renewable Energy solar façade Laboratory Aachen and elsewhere 236 Hart, Terry 87 Mataró library 39 Rappaport, Paul 176 Northumbria University 256 Reagan, President Ronald 255 Solar Force USAID 121 France-Photon 213 US DOE 265 Solar Foundation US government 121 Sklar, Scott 183 US National PV Program 278 Solar France Solar Energy Society of India de Franclieu, Robert 151 (SESI) 113 Remy, Claude 178 solar energy system 16 60, 225 Solar Energy Systems Inc (SES) 221. website 329 See also Shell Solarfun Solarex Corporation 50, 53, 54, 111 UNSW-SPREE 259 acquisition by BP 208 solar grade silicon 83, 228 Amoco 106, 108 Solarex 228 block-buys 276 solar heating 286 Carlson, David 150 Solar Heating and Cooling Programme cell efficiency records 272 International Energy Agency 129, Corsi, John 196 262 Forest, Harvey 196 Solar Impulse 232 Goldsmith, John 156 solar-powered plane 45 HE range modules 70 Solar Lobby Intersolar Group 237 Sklar, Scott 183 Leroy-Somer 212 Solar Millennium Lindmayer, Joseph 168 Flachglas Solartechnik 236 patent 91 solar module 18, 63 profile & people 228 assembly 84 RCA 221 cost 97 404 Index

solar module (Continued ) Spectrolab 231 efficiency 70 solar thermal systems 17, 338 encapsulant 18 SolarValley Mitteldeutschland 142 frame 19 Solar Ventilation Ltd 84 front cover 18 SolarWorld 196, 268 qualification tests 274 Shell 224 rear cover 18 on stock market 112 voltage 19 website 329 Solarnova 201 Solavolt 223. See also Shell Solar One block-buys 276 house, Böer, Karl 147 Solec 51 house, Delaware 38, 247 profile & people 230 subdivision, Phoenix 38 Sanyo 221 Solarpact Spectrolab 231 Bonnet, Dieter 148 top-5 producer 268 Solar Power Corporation (SPC) 108 Solems Berman, Elliot 145 Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohn Bernard McNelis 171 (MBB) 267 block-buys 276 Ricaud, Alain 179 Brusseau, Bill 196 Total Energie 234 Caruso, Paul 196 Solenergy 268 Clive Capps 171 block-buys 276 Exxon 108 Willis, Bob 192 Heliodinâmica 213 Solnet liquidation 113 Alvesalo, Tapio 141 Lucas 15 Solomon, Ionel Mahoney, Ed 196 conferences 293 P1002 module 15, 63, 64, 226 Soltech 252 potential management buy- Sonnenschein 72 out 113 Sopori, Bhushan profile & people 226 NREL 255 top producer 268 Southern California Edison 203 Willis, Bob 192 Arco Solar 109 Wolfe, Philip 192 space Wurmser, John 196 solar applications in 27 Solar Power Limited 227 Spain solar radiation data 74 solar policies 127 solar resource 11, 26 Spear, Prof. Walter 59, 197, 198 solar sunroofs 204 profile & career 184 Solar Systems (Australia) University of Dundee 248 SunPower Corporation 232 Spectrolab 51, 110, 153, 154, 181, Solar Technology International 194, 194, 230, 231 202 Berman, Elliot 145 Index 405

block-buys 276 STAWAG Gay, Charlie 154 feed-in tariffs 285 website 329 Flachglas Solartechnik 236 Yerkes, Bill 194 Stella Group 183 spheral solar 56 Stiner, Thomas Spiers, Dr. David AstroPower 206 NAPS 240 Stirewalt, Ed Spire Corporation 268 Paul Maycock 170 block-buys 276 stock exchange. See initial placement Heliodinâmica 213 offering LaFavre, Rodger 167 Strategies Unlimited 78, 87 Little, Roger 167 Day, John 150 profile & people 243 Flachglas Solartechnik 235 SEIA 265 Johnson, Bob 163 on stock market 112 Mints, Paula 244 Spirit of Biel solar car 44 profile & people 244 Sprague Electric string inverter. See inverter, string Lindmayer, Joseph 168 Stromeinspeisungsgesetz 285 SPV Market Research 245 Strub, Dr. Albert 174, 323 SQ Limit. See Shockley Queisser European Commission 122, 260 Efficiency Limit structures. See array structures Staebler, Dr. David (Dave) Stuttgart, University of 58, 257 RCA 59 Bloss, Werner 145 Staebler-Wronski effect 60, 149 Hoffmann, Winfried 161 Stahl, Dietrich Nukem 216 Siemens 225 profile & people 257 Standard Oil of Indiana. See Amoco SunEdison 195 standard test conditions (STC) Sunergy definition 273 UNSW-SPREE 259 standard voltage 30 SunnyBoy Stanford University 52 SMA 74 Bube, Prof. Richard 257 SunPower Corporation 52, 70, 83, cell efficiency record 271 113, 268 Meindl, Jim 257 Aschenbrenner, Peter 142 Pearson, Prof. Gerald 257 cell efficiency record 271 profile & people 256 Gay, Charlie 154 Rodgers, T.J 232 Jester, Terry 163 Shockley, William 257 profile & people 231 Swanson, Richard (Dick) 185 solar car races 44 Stansbury, Ed Stanford University 256, 257 Prince, Morton 175 on stock market 112 Starr, Dr. Michael Swanson, Richard (Dick) 186 Halcrow 87 Total Energie 234 406 Index

SunPower Corporation (Continued ) solar policies 264 Verlinden, Pierre 196, 252 Sykes, Benjamin (Ben) website 329 Exxon 107 Sunracer solar car 44 Syndicat des Énergies Renouvelables Sunrunner solar car 44 (SER) 113 Sunset Energietechnik 268 system controllers, electronic 22 Sunshine Project Japan 39, system cost 99 126 Systemes Solaires Hamakawa, Yoshihiro 159 France-Photon 213 MITI Japan 264 systems integrators 84, 268 Panasonic 217 system sizing 74, 146, 193, 313, Sanyo 221 315 Sharp 223 cost impact 98 Suntech Szeged, University of UNSW-SPREE 259 Varadi, Peter 190 Suntola, Dr. Tuomo Szlovsky, Spigniew Microchemistry 240 ENE 210 Suntricity Corporation Szokolay, Steven Kazmerski, Lawrence 164 Simoni, Giovanni 182 supervisory control and data Szpitalak, Ted acquisition (SCADA) 73 UNSW-SPREE 259 supplier obligations 118 surface oxide passivation 52 t surface recombination 14 Tabor, Harry 197 Sustainable Concepts GmbH Tabuchi Aulich, Hubert 142 Kuwano, Yukinori 166 Swanson, Prof. Richard (Dick) Taiyo Yuden 267 106 Tata Group awards 186, 300–302 BP Solar 208 cell efficiency records 271 TC-82. See International concentrator cells 68 Electrotechnical Commission Cypress Semiconductor 83, 185, Team 232, 257 EPIA 261 interdigitated rear contact 52 Technical University of Madrid (UPM) interview 308, 315 Luque, Antonio 169 profile & career 185 Tecnometal Stanford University 257 Topel, Bruno 187 SunPower 231, 232 Telecom Australia 247 Swanson’s Law 97 telecommunications Swanson’s Law 97, 102, 316 solar applications in 29, 215 Switzerland Teledesic feed-in tariffs 284 Yerkes, Bill 195 PV R&D expenditure 129 Telletra 30, 247 Index 407

Tenesol Arco Solar 203 Total Energie 233 BP Solar 208 testing Kyocera 216 solar modules 273 list 268 Texaco 108 Toptec Texas Instruments 56, 110, 267, Isofotón 215 268 Toshiba 126, 267 ATS 219 Total Energie 58, 108, 233 Maycock, Paul 170 Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohn solar calculators 36 (MBB) 111, 267 Textron profile 233 Spectrolab 231 SunPower Corporation 233 Thatcher, Margaret 237 website 329 photograph 193 Thermie Programme 123, 260 Alpha Real 177 thermo-photovoltaics (TPV) solar car race 44 IES-UPM 254 Toyota Technological Institute thin film Yamaguchi, Masafumi on crystalline 62, 221 194 thin film solar cell 49, 57, 78 toys, solar-powered 43 companies 204, 229 trackers, array structure 20, 71 compound 57, 62 trackers, maximum power. See cost 97 maximum power point processing 19, 67, 83 trackers qualification tests 274 transport researchers 146, 164, 185, 248, 255, solar applications in 28 259 Traverso, Franco Tholstrup, Hans 44 Helios 268 tidal energy 26, 27 Treble, Frederick (Fred) 197 Tideland Signal 28, 246 awards 188, 301 Tikkanen, Heikki Bernard McNelis 171 NAPS 240 conferences 293 titanium dioxide 61 consultancy 87 Tokyo Electric Power Company profile & career 188 (TEPCO) 109 Tremiti Islands project 279 Tomita, Takashi 197 profile & career 186 UNSW-SPREE 259 Sharp 222, 223 Verlinden, Pierre 252 Topel, Bruno 198 Trinity House 28, 246 awards 301 Truly, Admiral Richard Heliodinâmica 213 NREL 154 profile & career 187 TRW 52, 110, 267 top producer Tyco Laboratories 55 408 Index

u University of Northumbria at UK Atomic Energy Authority Newcastle. See Northumbria Shah, Dipesh 181 University, NPAC UK Department for International University of Stuttgart. See Stuttgart Development (DFID) 128 University UK Department of Trade and Industry University of Toulouse (DTI) 286 Luque, Antonio 169 Underwriters’ Laboratories 86 University of Wisconsin. See UNDP. See United Nations Wisconsin, University of Development Programme UNSW School of Photovoltaic & Uni-Solar. See Energy Conversion Renewable Energy Engineering. Devices See UNSW-SPREE United Kingdom UNSW-SPREE 51, 52, 70, 127 Energy Papers 286 Barnett, Allen 143 overseas development 128 BP Solar 208 solar policies 125 cell efficiency record 271 sunshine level 286 profile & people 258 United Nations 115, 116, 128, 263, solar car races 44 318 website 330 United Nations Development Wenham, Dr. Stuart 196 Programme (UNDP) 128, 338 USAID 87, 121 World Bank 266 IT Power 239 United Solar Systems Corporation. See US Coast Guard 28, 246 Energy Conversion Devices US Department of Commerce 121 United States of America US Department of Energy 48, 119 solar policies 118 cost goals 102 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. See Gay, Charlie 154 IES-UPM Jet Propulsion Laboratory 252 University College Cork 247 John F Long Homes 38 University of California, Los Angeles Maycock, Paul 170 (UCLA) Prince, Morton 176 Goldsmith, John 156 profile & people 265 University of Delaware. See Delaware, SEIA 265 University of Stanford University 257 University of Dundee. See Dundee, Williams, Neville 191 University of US Department of Labor University of Kassel. See Kassel, SEIA 264 University of US DOE. See US Department of University of Neuchâtel Energy école Polytechnique Fédérale de US National PV Program 277 Lausanne 250 USSC. See Energy Conversion University of New South Wales. See Devices UNSW-SPREE US Signals Corps 11 Index 409 utility-scale 203 profile & career 191 Kyocera 216 voltage regulation 73 Wolfe, Philip 193 von Fabeck, Wolf feed-in tariffs 285 v vaccine fridges w solar-powered 34 Wacker Chemie 53 Vanguard I satellite 11 Fraunhofer ISE 251 Prince, Morton 175 Heliodinâmica 213 van Overstraeten, Prof. Roger 197 profile & people 245 awards 294, 300 website 329 conferences 292 wafer fab. See fabrication plant, wafer profile & career 189 Warwick University Smekens, Guy 183 Shah, Dipesh 180 Stanford University 257 watches van Rooijen, Jan solar-powered 36 Shell 223 water pumping Varadi, Dr. Peter 4, 78, 197, 198 solar-powered 33 awards 190, 302 Watson, James books 190, 314, 320 interview 307 interview 308, 319 watts peak 14, 95, 274, 346 Lindmayer, Joseph 106, 168 wave energy 26, 27, 286 Ossenbrink, Heinz 172 Weber, Prof. Eicke profile & career 190 Fraunhofer ISE 251 PV-GAP 90, 129 Weinberg, Carl Real, Markus 177 Pacific Gas & Electric 109, 196 Solarex 50, 105, 228 Wenger, Howard Varex AstroPower 206 Varadi, Peter 190 Wenham, Dr. Stuart 196 Varta 72 UNSW-SPREE 258, 259 Vegel, Magne Werner, Thomas (Tom) NAPS 240 SunPower 233 ventilator Westinghouse 267 solar-powered 36 Wettlaufer, Reiner 241 Verlinden, Dr. Pierre 196, 252 White House 265 Verspieren, Fr. Bernard 88, 197, 213 solar panels 119, 120 Vester Bögebjerg project 279 Wiki-Solar 193 Vienna Convention 116 website 331 Vigotti, Dr. Roberto 77 William Cherry Award ENEL 210 profile & winners 299 IEA PVPS 129 Williams, Neville InternationalEnergy Agency 89,262 books 242, 320 interview 307 interview 308, 313 410 Index

Williams, Neville (Continued ) World Health Organisation (WHO) profile & career 191 128 SELF, SELCO 242 IT Power 239 Willis, Robert (Bob) 108, 197 World Renewable Energy Network profile & career 192 awards 302 Solar Power Corporation 171, 227 solar car race 44 Solenergy 227, 268 Wright, Martin Willmes, Hartwig Marine Current Turbines Varta 72 239 wind energy 26, 27 Wrigley, Charles (Chuck) WIP (Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur Lindmayer, Joseph 106, 168 Planungs) papers 319 profile & people 245 Solarex 228 website 329 Wrixon, Prof. Gerard (Gerry) wire saw 54, 210, 219, 235 conferences 293 HCT Shaping Systems 237 University College Cork 247 Wisconsin, University of 74 Wronski, Dr. Christopher (Chris) WiseEnergy awards 300 Simoni, Giovanni 182 Dave Carlson 149 Woerner, Klaus 197 RCA 59, 220 de Franclieu, Robert 152 Wurmser, John 196 Photowatt 219 Solar Power Corporation 227 Qu, Dr. Shawn 152 Wohlgemuth, Dr. John 196 x Wolf, Dr. Martin 196, 197 Xciton 143 awards 290, 300 Wolfe, Philip y awards 193 Yale University books 313 Lindmayer, Joseph 168 BP Solar 207 Yamaguchi, Prof. Masafumi EPIA 261 awards 194, 300–302 Intersolar Group 237 conferences 297 profile & career 192 profile & career 193 PV-UK 171 Yamani, Sheikh Ahmed Zaki World Bank 40, 128, 171 4 Heliodinâmica 214 Yenamandra, Raju 23 IT Power 239 Arco Solar 202 profile & people 266 interview 308 PV-GAP 130 Yerkes Electric Solar 195 SELF 242 Yerkes, Kari 141 Varadi, Peter 190 Yerkes, Sara World Bank Group 266 interview 308 Index 411

Yerkes, William (Bill) 4, Yordi, Beatrice 197 European Commission 260 Arco Solar 65, 202 Aschenbrenner, Peter 141 z changed my life 195 Zambas, Peter 202 Gay, Charlie 106, 154 Zambelli project 220 interview 307, 320 Zhao, Jianhua profile & career 194 UNSW-SPREE 259 Solaicx 195 Zhengrong, Shi Solar Technology International awards 301 105 UNSW-SPREE 259 Spectrolab 231 Zontec Teledesic 195 Shell 223 Green Energy ZSW 146 UNSW-SPREE 259 Zworykin, Vladimir 10