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Pollen Productivity Variations in Pinus Roxburghii Thret a E Different Altituden Si Garhwal Himalaya

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Pollen Productivity Variations in Pinus Roxburghii Thret a E Different Altituden Si Garhwal Himalaya 4 9 Journal of Tropical Forest Science 14(1): 94-104 (2002) POLLEN PRODUCTIVITY VARIATIONS IN PINUS ROXBURGHII THRET A E DIFFERENT ALTITUDEN SI GARHWAL HIMALAYA Sharm. KhandurCP M . V a& i Department of Forestry, GarhwalHNB University, Srinagar76, No. Post GarhwalBox 174246 - (U.P.), India Received April 1999_____________________________________ SHARMA, C. M. & KHANDURI, V. P. 2002. Pollen productivity variations in Pinus roxburghii at three different altitudes in Garhwal Himalaya. In Pinus roxburghii the variation numbee th n si productiof ro n units, namely, microsporophylls, strobild ian strobili group r tre st threpe e a e different altitudes have shown variation pollen si n production totae .Th l pollen productio r trenpe e ranged from 1247. 10190t 5X 9(a 0 m asl) to 1888.5 X 109 (at 900 m asl). An exponential correlation was observed betwee size microsporophyllf nth eo numbee th d pollef san r o n grains they contain. The ratios between the number of pollen grains per microsporophyll and the number of microsporophyll r strobilspe i group numbee th , pollef ro n grains per strobilud san the number of strobili per tree, as well as the number of pollen grains per strobili group numbethe strobiland rof i group tresper e showe dhyperbolia c function. Key words: Pollen productio nanemophilou- microsporophyls- strobill- Himalayi- a Pinus- roxburghii SHARMA, C. M. & KHANDURI, V. P. 2002. Variasi pengeluaran debunga dalam Pinus roxburghii pada tiga altitud yang berbeza di Garhwal Himalaya. Variasi dalam bilangan unit pengeluaran iaitu mikrosporofil, strobilu kumpulan sda n strobilus bagi setiap pokok Pinus roxburghii pada tiga altitud yang berbeza menunjukkan variasi dalam pengeluaran debunga. Jumlah pengeluaran debunga bagi setiap pokok berjulat antara 1247. 105X " (pada 190 asl0m ) hingga 1888. 105X 9 (pada90 asl)0m . Korelasi eksponen dicerap antara saiz mikrosporofil dan bilangan biji debunga yang dikandungnya. Nisbah antara bilangan biji debunga bagi setiap mikrosporofin da l bilangan mikrosporofil bagi setiap kumpulan strobilus, bilangan biji debunga bagi setiap strobilu bilangan sda n strobilus bagi setiap pokok, sertajuga bilangan biji debunga bagi setiap kumpulan strobilu bilangan sda n kumpulan strobilus bagi setiap pokok mempamerkan fungsi hiperbolik. Introduction quantite Th y of pollen produced bindividuan ya l plant plane , anth y dt b community , is not constant but varies both specifically and individually in relation to ecological parameters, especially with climatic changes. Flowerin polled gan n production under different environmental condition e thereforear s , highly variablee Th . important characteristic featur anemophilouf eo s plant produco t s si e copious amoun pollef to n grains. Moreover tre,a e tha freels ti y exposed, fielde.ga n .i , often Journal of Tropical Forest Science 14(1): 94-104 (2002) 95 produces as much pollen as one that grows in a dense stand, even if the latter reache e uppesth r stratue canopyth f mo . Pollen production areas withie nth same climatic regio roughle nar same yth e regardless whether the forest-clae yar d r covereo d with lower vegetation. Pollen productio r specienpe affectes sa y db size class, vigour, climate, site and meteorological phenomena such as sunshine, temperature, wind direction, velocity and turbulence, have been recognised and reviewed (Erdtman 1943, Hansen 1949, Faegr Iverse& i n 1950, Potte Rowler& y 1960). The available literature on pollen production in gymnospermous taxa is limited, but Erdtman (1943), Pohl (1937b) andSarvas (1962) reported a figure 10X 10 3-161 X 3,158 15 10 4 X 15 d 10 32f X polle an o 3 s -1610 2nX grains production per strobilus respectively in Pinus sylvestris, while Tormo et al (1996) gave the figure f 20.o s 109X 9- 32. 103poller X 9fo n productio r tre npe Pinusn e i pinaster from Spain. For the three different altitudes, we reported the pollen production figures for P. roxburghii known to be entirely anemophilous, and gave the production rates of pollen grains per microsporophyll, microsporophylls per strobilus, strobil strobilr ipe i group, strobili group r branchspe , microsporophylls per tree and pollen grains per tree. This scope of study was chosen because of the immense importance of P. roxburghii to the economy of India. This species yields timbe resid ran n tha s multifarioutha s use industriesn si distributes i d ,an d naturally in a wide range of habitats in the Himalayas between 450-2300 m asl in pure stands or in association with broad-leaved species. Materials and methods Sample consists of three stands of P. roxburghii growing in natural habitats at three eacth f eho diferent altitudes (total nine trees, latitud 15° N ' 30 20 ° o t e'29 and longitude 78° 10' to 79° 20' E), namely, Ashtabakra (900 m asl), Sumari (1400 m asl Ransd )an i (190 districe asl0th m n ) i Paur f to i Garhwal, India (Figuree 1)Th . trees were in good health and well shaped, and were measured for tree height, diamete t breasa r t height (dbh), crown lengt d crowan h n diameterr pe s a , MacDicke . (1991)al t ne . Further details regardin stude g th presentee yar n di Tabl. e1 Number of strobili groups, strobili microsporophyllsand The P. roxburghii has a high number of strobili groups arranged mostly on the main branche crowne th f so . Firs maie th t n branches were counte thed dan na sampl fivf eo e branches (representative) were selected randoml couna s d yan twa l theimadal f ro e strobili groups. Following this strobil0 2 , i groups scattered throughout the tree were selected and the number of strobili per strobili group was counte eacr dfo h tree. The nstrobilua choses swa n fro uppere mth , middld ean lowe strobil0 r2 parte f th eacio s f grouo h p e selectenumbeth d f an o dr microsporophyll eacn si h strobilu countes swa d manually. 96 Journal of Tropical Forest Science 14(1): 94-104 (2002) STUDY SITES ©ASTAVAKHA / ROAO ©SUMARI ORANSI Figur stude eLocatio1 th f yo arep anma Tabl eDetail1 stude th f yso area Locality Mean annual treef Totao . s l No rainfalOthel r species Environment (altitude) temp. (°C) (mm) per ha Ashtabakra 22.10 ±1.76 1495.9 190 None in tree layer Rural (900 m) Sumari 19.7511.98 - 160 None in tree layer Rural (1400m) Ransi 14.6512.06 1635.0 250 • Quercus Rural/Traffic (1900 m) Leucotrichophara * Rhododendron arboreum * Cufrressus torulosa • Pinus wallichiana Journal o7 f 9 Tropical Forest Science 14(1): 94-104 (2002) Number of pollen grains per microsporophyll and estimate of the total pollen production Five microsporophylls from different strobil eacf io h tree were obtaineo dt coun pollee tth n grains followin methode gth Crudef so n (1977 Tormd )an al.t oe (1996). For this purpose the microsporophylls were derived from closed strobili ethanol% kepd 70 an n ti . These microsporophylls were washe distillen di d water kepd tesan n i t t tubes after proper measurement lengthf so . They were further taken apar pollee t usinth d n gglasan graina d sro s were then suspendef o l m 1 dn i distilled water. From this concentrate, five dropu0 l 1 were f th so ed takenan t ou pollen grains were counted unde microscopee rth . r estimatioFo f totano l productio f polleno n grain r treespe , firse totath t l number of microsporophylls per tree was calculated by multiplying the total number of strobili groups by the average number of strobili per strobili group, averag e thed th y an nb e numbe microsporophyllf ro strobilusr spe resule s .Th twa multiplie average th y db e numbe pollef ro n grains produce microsporophyllr dpe . eacr Fo h tre estimatn ea alss o ewa productio e madth r efo pollef no n grainr spe microsporophyll per meter of the diameter of tree crown. Calculation of the correlation coefficients correlatioe Th n betwee lengte nth microsporophyllf ho productioe th d san f no pollen grains per microsporophyll as well as between ten pairs of ratios of production, which are; grains/microsporophyll, grains/strobilus, grains/strobili group, grains/tree, microsporophylls/strobilus, microsporophylls/strobili group, micro- sporophylls/tree, strobili/strobili group, strobili /tree, and strobili groups/tree were calculated as outlined by Freese (1967) to establish the relationship between different indices. Results Height and diameter of the tree and crown of each tree studied are presented in Tables 2 and 3. The number of strobili groups, strobili, microsporophylls and pollen grain r microsporophylspe l deviated considerabl treen yi f differenso t altitudes numbee .Th strobilf ro i group terminar spe l branch varied from 487 ±84.12 (1900masl) to 7041101.37 (900 masl), whereas the number of strobili per strobili group varied from 98.6 ± 10.92 (900 m asl) to 119.0 ± 27.47 (1400 m asl), microsporophylls per strobilus from 101.1 ± 12.14 (1900 m asl) to 121.0 ± 10.43 (900 m asl) and number of pollen grains per microsporophyll from 5304 ± 24.33 (190 asl687o m 0t )43.9 ± 1 5 representativ e (140th asln m 0i ) e trees (Tabl. e2) Tabl e2 Production dat strobilf ao i group branchr spe , strobil strobilr ipe i group, microsporophyll strobilur spe polled san n grains per microsporophyll (average ± S.E.) for each tree at three different altitudes Altitude/ Height Dbh (cm) No. of No. of strobili No. of No. of Length of Pollen grains/ Tree no. (m) branches groups/branch strobili/strobili microsporophylls/ microsporophyll microsporophyll ) 5 = N ( group (N = 20) strobilu20) = s(N (mm) (N = 5) ) =5 N ( 900masl 1 31 60.45 43 7041101.37 98.6 1 10.92 101.21 4.48 2.910.18 5982.6 1 42.59 2 32 61.25 39 6201 98.26 103.4113.65 121.0110.14 3.010.15 6242.6161.26 3 34 66.82 54 5151119.35 112.8112.59 109.4 1 12.89 2.710.16 5358.0 1 38.13 1400 masl 1 32 62.45 42 520 ± 86.15 101.2112.57 110.21 8.48 3.010.18 6871.0143.95 2 33 63.85 45 5091 86.15 108.4 1 14.37 116.0112.43 2.710.21 5418.0 1 28.33 3 35 67.42 47 4951104.17 119.0121.47 104.2 ± 18.47 2.9 1 0.26 5943.6 1 30.47 as190m l0 1 30 60.42 41 5101 70.14 102.1 1 10.15 112.01 7.17 2.410.17 5215.0121.32 2 31 62.82 43 4921 76.23 107.1111.14 119.1110.14 2.710.15 5304.0 1 24.33 3 33 68.45 45 4871 84.12 112.1112.12 101.1112.14 3.010.21 6231.0 1 37.34 t Tabl e3 Tota l production dat eacr afo h tree Altitude/ Crown Crown Strobili Strobili Microspo- Pollen grains Microsporo- Pollen Pollen Pollen Tre.
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